FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Holm, DD AF Holm, DD TI Lagrangian averages, averaged Lagrangians, and the mean effects of fluctuations in fluid dynamics SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATIONS; STOKES-ALPHA MODEL; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID; FLOW; INSTABILITY; TURBULENCE; GEOMETRY; MOTION; WAVES AB We begin by placing the generalized Lagrangian mean (GLM) equations for a compressible adiabatic fluid into the Euler-Poincare (EP) variational framework of fluid dynamics, for an averaged Lagrangian. This is the Lagrangian averaged Euler-Poincare (LAEP) theorem. Next, we derive a set of approximate small amplitude GLM equations (glm equations) at second order in the fluctuating displacement of a Lagrangian trajectory from its mean position. These equations express the linear and nonlinear back-reaction effects on the Eulerian mean fluid quantities by the fluctuating displacements of the Lagrangian trajectories in terms of their Eulerian second moments. The derivation of the glm equations uses the linearized relations between Eulerian and Lagrangian fluctuations, in the tradition of Lagrangian stability analysis for fluids. The glm derivation also uses the method of averaged Lagrangians, in the tradition of wave, mean flow interaction. Next, the new glm EP motion equations for incompressible ideal fluids are compared with the Euler-alpha turbulence closure equations. An alpha model is a GLM (or glm) fluid theory with a Taylor hypothesis closure. Such closures are based on the linearized fluctuation relations that determine the dynamics of the Lagrangian statistical quantities in the Euler-alpha equations. Thus, by using the LAEP theorem, we bridge between the GLM equations and the Euler-alpha closure equations, through the small-amplitude glm approximation in the EP variational framework. We conclude by highlighting a new application of the GLM, glm, and alpha-model results for Lagrangian averaged ideal magnetohydrodynamics. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dholm@lanl.gov OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 518 EP 530 DI 10.1063/1.1460941 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 555AP UT WOS:000175770500029 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Gao, JB Sansinena, JM McCarthy, P AF Wang, HL Gao, JB Sansinena, JM McCarthy, P TI Fabrication and characterization of polyaniline monolithic actuators based on a novel configuration: Integrally skinned asymmetric membrane SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL MUSCLES; POLYMER GEL; POLYPYRROLE; EMERALDINE; BILAYER; FIBERS; FILMS AB We report the synthesis and characterization of polyaniline integrally skinned asymmetric membranes (PANI ISAMs) and their use as chemical and electrochemical actuators. SEM characterization of a PANI ISAM cross section showed a thin dense skin and a microporous substructure with a PANI density gradient. The deformation mechanism of chemical monolithic PANI ISAM actuation was found to result mainly from asymmetric volume expansion/contraction because of the presence/absence of counterions during PANI doping/dedoping cycles. Actuator performance was affected by acid concentration and film thickness. Our results also show that the deformation mechanism in electrochemical PANI ISAM actuation involves mainly changes in polymer conformation with changes in oxidation state. Because these PANI ISAM actuators are monolithic, that is, they are fabricated without any additional layer (tape, polymer, or gold), their structural stability is expected to be superior to bimorph actuators. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MSJ 586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 2546 EP 2552 DI 10.1021/cm010933+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 565HZ UT WOS:000176365000019 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T Martin, CD Parise, JB Hriljac, JA AF Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T Martin, CD Parise, JB Hriljac, JA TI Pressure-induced phase transition in PrAlO3 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; PEROVSKITE-TYPE MGSIO3; DISTORTION; LACRO3 AB PrAlO3 is shown to undergo a rhombohedral (R (3) over bar 3c) to orthorhombic (Imma) phase transition upon application of pressures of up to 9.1 GPa. The structures in both phases have been refined from high-resolution synchrotron diffraction data. The structure initially evolves toward a higher-symmetry structure as the pressure is increased before ultimately undergoing a first-order transition to a lower-symmetry orthorhombic structure. This behavior appears to be related to the change in the tilting of the AlO6 groups. C1 Univ Sydney, Heavy Met Res Ctr, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Kennedy, BJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Heavy Met Res Ctr, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Kennedy, Brendan/0000-0002-7187-4579 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 2644 EP 2648 DI 10.1021/cm0116976 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 565HZ UT WOS:000176365000033 ER PT J AU Tieszen, SR O'Hern, TJ Schefer, RW Weckman, EJ Blanchat, TK AF Tieszen, SR O'Hern, TJ Schefer, RW Weckman, EJ Blanchat, TK TI Experimental study of the flow field in and around a one meter diameter methane fire SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; POOL FIRES AB Simultaneous temporally and spatially resolved, 2-D velocity fields are obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) in a one-meter diameter methane fire. The flow rate of methane is 0.066 kg/m(2)-s, comparable to fuel burning rates in a large JP8 pool fire. Raw PIV images are recorded with 35 mm cinematography at 200 images/s. They are digitized and post-processed to obtain velocity data for a region similar to0.8 in high by 1 in wide centered on the centerline of the flame and extending from just above the surface of the burner to include the fuel core, near-field combusting zones, and surrounding air. The data cover I I puff cycles of the fire. Instantaneous, phase-, and time-averaged 2-D velocity plots (103 x 82 vectors) are obtained for each of 1331 time-planes (121 time-planes per puff cycle) spaced 5 ms apart. Each vector represents a statistical estimate of the velocity in 2.1 cm by 0.8 cm volumes, which are overlapped by 50% in the vector plots. Time-averaged turbulent statistics ((u'(2)) over bar, (v'(2)) over bar, & (u'v') over bar) are also presented. Boundary conditions have been carefully measured and the results are intended for validation of numerical simulations of the fire behavior. The results clearly show the dominant effect of puffing, measured at 1.65 cycles/s for this fire, on the temporal and spatial development of the velocity field. (C) 2002 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Tieszen, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2002 VL 129 IS 4 BP 378 EP 391 AR PII S0010-2180(02)00352-8 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00352-8 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 567HT UT WOS:000176479900005 ER PT J AU Tuminaro, RS Tong, CH Shadid, JN Devine, KD Day, DM AF Tuminaro, RS Tong, CH Shadid, JN Devine, KD Day, DM TI On a multilevel preconditioning module for unstructured mesh Krylov solvers: two-level Schwarz SO COMMUNICATIONS IN NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multilevel preconditioners; domain decomposition; Krylov methods ID STOKES AB Multilevel methods offer the best promise to attain both fast convergence and parallel efficiency in the numerical solution of parabolic and elliptic partial differential equations. Unfortunately, they Ewe not been widely used in part because of implementation difficulties for unstructured mesh solvers. To facilitate use, a multilevel preconditioner software module, ML, has been constructed. Several methods are provided requiring relatively modest programming effort on the part of the application developer. This report discusses the implementation of one method in the module: a two-level Krylov-Schwarz preconditioner. To illustrate the use of these methods in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) engineering applications. we present results for 2D and 3D CFD benchmark problems. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shadid, JN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, POB 5800,MS 1111, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1069-8299 J9 COMMUN NUMER METH EN JI Commun. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 6 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1002/cnm.478 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 564VX UT WOS:000176335200001 ER PT J AU Myles, MH Foltz, CJ Shinpock, SG Olszewski, RE Franklin, CL AF Myles, MH Foltz, CJ Shinpock, SG Olszewski, RE Franklin, CL TI Infertility in CFW/R1 mice associated with cystic dilatation of the bulbourethral gland SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COWPERS SYRINGOCELE; GROWTH; CASTRATION AB A third of male inbred CFW/R1 mice in a breeding colony developed subcutaneous, bilateral, perineal masses determined to be cystic bulbourethral glands. The masses developed in mice between 4 and 15 months of age. After development of these perineal masses, diseased males were unable to produce offspring. Gross examination revealed the masses impinging on the scrotum and displacing the testes into the inguinal. canal. The perineal. masses were paired, membranous, translucent cysts, 6 to 10 MM3, attached to the bulbocavernosus muscle and connected to the pelvic urethra by way of a non-patent duct. The cysts contained a clear to tan, minimally cellular, viscous fluid with high mucus content, as documented by examination of Wright Giemsa-stained cytologic preparations. Histologic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections revealed cystic tubuloalveolar glands surrounded by striated muscle and lined by a single layer of pyramidal cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells with pale, basophilic, lacy cytoplasm and round, basal, condensed nuclei. These gross and histopathologic findings were consistent with cystic dilatation of the bulbourethral gland. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Res Anim Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NIH, Vet Med Branch, Vet Resources Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Myles, MH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Res Anim Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 3 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 569DW UT WOS:000176586200013 PM 12102575 ER PT J AU Foster, I Kesselman, C Nick, JM Tuecke, S AF Foster, I Kesselman, C Nick, JM Tuecke, S TI Grid services for distributed system integration SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Distributed Syst Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Sci Informat, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Distributed Syst Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Kesselman, Carl/0000-0003-0917-1562; Tuecke, Steven/0000-0003-2038-2512 NR 12 TC 430 Z9 485 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD JUN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1109/MC.2002.1009167 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 559BY UT WOS:000176005900018 ER PT J AU Kramer, WTC AF Kramer, WTC TI SCinet: Testbed for high-performance networked applications SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB T he network's use by high-performance applications is difficult to evaluate in the real world. To better understand this interaction, leading experts and organizations in ultra-high-performance networking and computing come together once a year to build an intense, diverse, high-performance network. Almost overnight, the SCinet network comes online as a testbed to showcase state-of-the-art network technology at the IEEE/ACM-sponsored supercomputing conference known as SCxy. In the words of one network engineer, the SCinet team challenges application developers to "burn down the world's fastest network." They selected 10 of the most data-intensive applications in 2000 and 12 applications in 2001 for evaluation in a formal judging. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kramer, WTC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD JUN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 6 BP 47 EP + DI 10.1109/MC.2002.1009168 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 559BY UT WOS:000176005900019 ER PT J AU Jones, KL Glenn, TC Lacy, RC Pierce, JR Unruh, N Mirande, CM Chavez-Ramirez, F AF Jones, KL Glenn, TC Lacy, RC Pierce, JR Unruh, N Mirande, CM Chavez-Ramirez, F TI Refining the Whooping Crane studbook by incorporating microsatellite DNA and leg-banding analyses SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRUS-AMERICANA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; RELATEDNESS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; BOTTLENECK; PATERNITY; PEDIGREES; MARKERS; KIN AB We sought to refine genetic management of the endangered Whooping Crane ( Grus americana ) population by developing comprehensive genetic pedigrees for the captive population. Improvements to the studbook were accomplished by addition of pedigree information derived from leg-banding data on wild juvenile and founder similarity coefficients calculated from microsatellite DNA profiles to the original studbook pedigree. Incorporation of pedigrees derived from data on leg-banding of wild juveniles did not greatly alter the previous relatedness structure of the captive population, but incorporation of microsatellite similarity coefficients produced a substantially different view of the population structure. Microsatellite data provided new information on shared founder genotypes and provided a new DNA-based studbook pedigree that will assist in genetic management of the Whooping Crane population. C1 Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Chicago Zool Soc, Daniel F & Ada L Rice Ctr, Dept Conservat Biol, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA. Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Dept Biol, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, Gene Technol Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Int Crane Fdn, Baraboo, WI 53913 USA. RP Jones, KL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci MC 066, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM kjones16@uic.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 53 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 789 EP 799 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00001.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556CP UT WOS:000175832000027 ER PT J AU Hargrove, WW Hoffman, FM Schwartz, PM AF Hargrove, WW Hoffman, FM Schwartz, PM TI A fractal landscape realizer for generating synthetic maps SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FRAGSTATS; Fractal Realizer; Turing Test; categorical maps; fractal; landscape ecology; neutral model; null model; pattern; pseudoreplication; realization; simulation; synthetic map ID HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED LANDSCAPES; SPATIAL PATTERN; MODELS; SIMULATION; INDEXES; ECOLOGY; METRICS AB A fractal landscape realizer has been developed that generates synthetic landscape maps to user specifications. The alternative landscape realizations are not identical to the actual maps after which they are patterned, but are similar statistically (i.e., the areas and fractal character of each category are replicated). A fractal or self-affine pattern generator is used to provide a spatial probability surface for each category in the synthetic map. The Fractal Realizer arbitrates contentions among categories in a way that makes it possible to preserve the fractal patterns of all the categories in the resulting synthetic landscape. Each synthetic landscape is one equally likely realization from among an infinite ensemble of possible fractal landscape combinations. Synthetic landscapes produced by the Fractal Realizer have been tested using a variant of the Turing Test. More than 100 map experts were presented with a series of 20 selections of paired maps, and asked to distinguish the real map from the synthetic realization. The resulting population of scores was not significantly different from a random binomial, suggesting that the experts were unable to discern the synthetic maps from the actual ones. Statistical landscape indices computed for 25 different synthetic realizations are compared with the values computed for the actual maps. The Fractal Realizer can be used as a stochastic generator of synthetic input maps to a spatially explicit simulation model to test the effects of landscape rearrangement on the uncertainty of model parameter estimates. The sensitivity of stochastic spatial simulations to prescribed input landscapes can be evaluated by supplying them with a series of synthetic maps that obey particular statistical characteristics and by monitoring changes in selected output responses. Statistically similar input landscapes with different spatial arrangements can be generated and supplied to spatial models as a hedge against pseudoreplication. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hargrove, WW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6407, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1195-5449 J9 CONSERV ECOL JI Conserv. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 AR 2 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 591QW UT WOS:000177892600002 ER PT J AU DeRouen, TA Leroux, BG Martin, MD Townes, BD Woods, JS Leitao, J Castro-Caldas, A Braveman, N AF DeRouen, TA Leroux, BG Martin, MD Townes, BD Woods, JS Leitao, J Castro-Caldas, A Braveman, N TI Issues in design and analysis of a randomized clinical trial to assess the safety of dental amalgam restorations in children SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE safety; dental amalgam; mercury; multiple endpoints; interim analyses; children; neurobehavioral test ID LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; MERCURY EXPOSURE; URINE SAMPLES; SEYCHELLES; EXCRETION; VAPOR; BLOOD AB The Casa Pia Study of the Health Effects of Dental Amalgams-in Children is a randomized clinical trial designed to assess the safety of low-level mercury exposure from dental amalgam restorations in children. It is being carried out in 507 students (8 to 12 years of age at enrollment) of the Casa Pia school system in Lisbon, Portugal, by an interdisciplinary collaborative research team from the University of Washington (Seattle) and the University of Lisbon, with funding from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Since the goal of the trial-is to assess the safety of a treatment currently in use, rather than the efficacy of an experimental treatment, unique design issues come into play. The requirements to identify as participants children who have extensive unmet dental treatment needs and wh can be followed for 7 years after initial treatment are somewhat in conflict, since those with the most treatment needs are usually in lower socioeconomic categories and more difficult to track. The identification of a primary study outcome measure around which to design the trial is problematic, since there is little evidence to indicate how health effects from such low-level exposure would be manifested. The solution involves the use of multiple outcomes. Since there are concerns about safety, multiple interim comparisons over time between treatment groups are called for which, in conjunction with the use of multiple outcomes, require an extension of statistical methodology to meet this requirement. Ethical questions that have to be addressed include whether assent of the children participating is required or appropriate, and whether the director of the school system, who is the legal guardian for approximately 20% of the students who are wards of the state and live in school residences, should provide consent for such a large number of children. Approaches taken to address these and other design issues are described. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Dent Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Oral Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Battelle Ctr Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Lisbon, Fac Med Dent, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Fac Med, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP DeRouen, TA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Dent Publ Hlth Sci, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Castro-Caldas, Alexandre/M-4156-2013; Leroux, Brian/H-2254-2015 OI Castro-Caldas, Alexandre/0000-0002-9148-3719; FU NIDCR NIH HHS [U01 DE11894] NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD JUN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 301 EP 320 AR PII S0197-2456(01)00206-9 DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(01)00206-9 PG 20 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 558JU UT WOS:000175963200006 PM 12057882 ER PT J AU Zhou, JZ Thompson, DK AF Zhou, JZ Thompson, DK TI Challenges in applying microarrays to environmental studies SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; DNA MICROARRAYS; HYBRIDIZATION; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM; SCALE AB Although DNA microarray technology has been used successfully to analyze global gene expression in pure cultures, it has not been rigorously tested and evaluated within the context of complex environmental samples. Adapting microarray hybridization for use in environmental studies faces several challenges associated with specificity, sensitivity and quantitation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 122 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 8 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0958-1669(02)00319-1 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 557HV UT WOS:000175903900002 PM 12180093 ER PT J AU Keegstra, K Thomashow, M AF Keegstra, K Thomashow, M TI Adapting physiology and metabolism to changes in the environment SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Dept Plant Biol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol,Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Keegstra, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Dept Plant Biol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol,Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 191 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S1369-5266(02)00262-5 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 545GD UT WOS:000175208000001 ER PT J AU Gurvits, L Samorodnitsky, A AF Gurvits, L Samorodnitsky, A TI A deterministic algorithm for approximating the mixed discriminant and mixed volume, and a combinatorial corollary SO DISCRETE & COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXITY; PERMANENTS AB We present a deterministic pole normal-time algorithm that computes the mixed discriminant of an n-tuple of positive semidefinite matrices to within an exponential multiplicative factor, To this end we extend the notion of doubly stochastic matrix scaling to a larger class of n-tuples of positive semidefinite matrices, and provide a polynomial-time algorithm for this scaling. As a corollary, we obtain a deterministic polynomial algorithm that computes the mixed volume of n convex bodies in R-n to within an error which depends only on the dimension. This answers a question of Dyer, Gritzmann and Hufnagel. A "side benefit" is a generalization of Rado's theorem on the existence of a linearly independent transversal. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Rutgers State Univ, DIMACS Ctr, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Gurvits, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0179-5376 J9 DISCRETE COMPUT GEOM JI Discret. Comput. Geom. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 4 BP 531 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s00454-001-0083-2 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 554JZ UT WOS:000175733400005 ER PT J AU Limburg, KE O'Neill, RV Costanza, R Farber, S AF Limburg, KE O'Neill, RV Costanza, R Farber, S TI Complex systems and valuation SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE complex system dynamics; ecosystem services; human welfare; valuation ID STABILITY; ECOLOGY; MODELS; SCALE AB Ecological and economic systems are undeniably complex. Whereas a goal of delineating 'ecosystem services' is to make readily apparent some of the important ways in which ecosystems underpin human welfare, insights are also gained by appreciating the nonlinear dynamic properties of ecosystems. In this paper, we review some of the relevant characteristics of complex systems. Ecosystems and economic systems share many properties, but valuation has typically been driven by short-term human preferences. Here we argue that as the force of humanity increases on the planet, ecosystem service valuation will need to switch from choosing among resources to valuing the avoidance of catastrophic ecosystem change. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Ecol Econ, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Econ, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Limburg, KE (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Environm Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM klimburg@esf.edu RI Costanza, Robert/A-4912-2008; Limburg, Karin/M-8380-2013 OI Costanza, Robert/0000-0001-6348-8734; NR 44 TC 125 Z9 153 U1 10 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 EI 1873-6106 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 409 EP 420 AR PII S0921-8009(02)00090-3 DI 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00090-3 PG 12 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 577QQ UT WOS:000177073400004 ER PT J AU Wiggins, LE Van Den Bussche, RA Hamilton, MJ Chesser, RK Baker, RJ AF Wiggins, LE Van Den Bussche, RA Hamilton, MJ Chesser, RK Baker, RJ TI Utility of chromosomal position of heterochromatin as a biomarker of radiation-induced genetic damage: A study of Chornobyl voles (Microtus sp.) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; chernobyl; chornobyl; heterochromatin; Microtus ID SEX-CHROMOSOMES; SMALL MAMMALS; BANK VOLES; CHERNOBYL; UKRAINE; EVOLUTION; FREQUENCY; EXPOSURE; MICE; DNA AB Biomarkers that effectively document effects of chronic multi-generational exposure to contaminated environments on chromosomes would be valuable in risk assessment, remediation, and environmental decisions. Native, free-ranging populations of voles inhabiting the highly radioactive regions surrounding Reactor 4 of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Station provide a model system to evaluate biological and chromosomal effects of chronic multi-generational exposure to radioactivity and other reactor meltdown-related pollutants. Here, we explore the utility of heterochromatic elements as potentially informative biomarkers for genetic damage in voles from the radioactive environments surrounding Chornobyl. We analyzed chromosomal positions of heterochromatin from Microtus arvalis and M. rossiaemeridionalis using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Although intrapopulational variation existed in chromosomal position and abundance of heterochromatin, none of that variation could be assigned to environmental exposure. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Baker, RJ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1023/A:1015466530422 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 551EW UT WOS:000175547500001 PM 12092749 ER PT J AU Fair, JM Myers, OB AF Fair, JM Myers, OB TI The ecological and physiological costs of lead shot and immunological challenge to developing western bluebirds SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antigen; fluctuating asymmetry; immunocompetence; lead shot; western bluebirds ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; FLEDGLING AMERICAN KESTRELS; MEDIATED IMMUNE-RESPONSE; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; INGESTED LEAD; DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY; JAPANESE-QUAIL; ANAS-RUBRIPES; TRADE-OFFS; STRESS AB We investigated the interacting effects of a nonpathogenic immunological challenge and exposure to lead shot early in the development of nestling western bluebirds (Sialia mexicana). Nestlings were randomly assigned to each of six treatments of an incomplete block design with two antigen treatments, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and four lead shot treatments (no shot, one shot - 0.05 g, 2 shots - 0.1 g, or three shots - 0.15 g). Survival functions did not differ between the lead treatment groups, and there were no effects of lead treatments on weight, growth rates, fluctuating asymmetry (FA), or antibody response. NDV- and SRBC-treated birds survived better than control birds which may be due to an adjuvant-activation of the entire immune system. However, FA was greater in individuals in the NDV and SRBC treatment groups, suggesting a tradeoff between growth and immunocompetence. Cell-mediated response to phytohemagglutinin of the high-lead treatment groups was significantly less than other groups. Hematocrit increased with age and weight, and was not affected by lead or antigen. While in this study the shape of the growth curve, FA, cell-mediated immunity, and behavior were affected by the higher dose of lead shot, actual lead concentrations in blood are needed to verify this process. Antigenic stress was documented in nestling developmental stability and there were no measured effect of both the lead shot and immunological challenge in combination. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Fair, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, MS J 495, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Myers, Orrin/F-1130-2010 NR 51 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1023/A:1015474832239 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 551EW UT WOS:000175547500005 PM 12092753 ER PT J AU Kostecki, R Song, X Kinoshita, K AF Kostecki, R Song, X Kinoshita, K TI Fabrication of interdigitated carbon structures by laser pyrolysis of photoresist SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SOLIDS; ABLATION; FILMS AB A technique to produce carbon by pyrolysis of a positive photoresist on a silicon substrate using a laser beam (laser pyrolysis) is described. The characteristics of the two-dimensional carbon microstructures produced are determined by the motion and power of the laser beam as it traverses the surface of the photoresist. This approach has advantages over conventional photolithography, which was used to pattern photoresists that were then converted to carbon by thermal pyrolysis. Examples of Raman spectra and carbon structures obtained by laser pyrolysis are presented. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM r_kostecki@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 EI 1944-8775 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6 BP E29 EP E31 DI 10.1149/1.1473256 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 547CQ UT WOS:000175315800016 ER PT J AU Johnson, CS Kim, JS Kropf, AJ Kahaian, AJ Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM AF Johnson, CS Kim, JS Kropf, AJ Kahaian, AJ Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM TI The role of Li2MO2 structures (M=metal ion) in the electrochemistry of (x)LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 center dot (1-x)Li2TiO3 electrodes for lithium-ion batteries SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; layered cathodes; lithium manganese nickel oxide ID CATHODE MATERIALS; LI2NIO2 AB The electrochemical reactions of lithium with layered composite electrodes (x)LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 . (1 - x)Li2TiO3 were investigated at low voltages. The metal oxide 0.95LiMn(0.5)Ni(0.5)O(2) . 0.05Li(2)TiO(3) (x = 0.95) which can also be represented in layered notation as Li(Mn0.46Ni0.46Ti0.05Li0.02)O-2, can react with one equivalent of lithium during an initial discharge from 3.2 to 1.4 V vs. Li-0. The electrochemical reaction, which corresponds to a theoretical capacity of 286 mAh/g, is hypothesized to form Li-2(Mn0.46Ni0.46Ti0.05Li0.02)O-2 that is isostructural with Li2MnO2 and Li2NiO2. Similar low-voltage electrochemical behavior is also observed with unsubstituted, standard LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 electrodes (x = 1). In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data of Li(Mn0.46Ni0.46Ti0.05Li0.02)O-2 electrodes indicate that the low-voltage (<1.8 V) reaction is associated primarily with the reduction of Mn4+ to Mn2+. Symmetric rocking-chair cells with the configuration Li(Mn0.46Ni0.46Ti0.05Li0.02)O-2/Li(Mn0.46Ni0.46Ti0.05Li0.02)O-2 were tested. These electrodes provide a rechargeable capacity in excess of 300 mAh/g when charged and discharged over a 3.3 to -3.3 V range and show an insignificant capacity loss on the initial cycle. These findings have implications for combating the capacity-loss effects at graphite, metal-alloy, or intermetallic negative electrodes against lithium metal-oxide positive electrodes of conventional lithium-ion cells. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol & Basic Sci Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, CS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol & Basic Sci Program, Bldg 205, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Kropf, Arthur/B-8665-2015 NR 18 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 7 U2 97 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 6 BP 492 EP 498 AR PII S1388-2481(02)00346-6 DI 10.1016/S1388-2481(02)00346-6 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 590XB UT WOS:000177848800004 ER PT J AU Yu, LR Johnson, MD Conrads, TP Smith, RD Morrison, RS Veenstra, TD AF Yu, LR Johnson, MD Conrads, TP Smith, RD Morrison, RS Veenstra, TD TI Proteome analysis of camptothecin-treated cortical neurons using isotope-coded affinity tags SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Frederick Conference on Capillary Electrophoresis CY OCT 15-16, 2001 CL NATL CANC INST FREDERICK CTR, FREDERICK, MARYLAND HO NATL CANC INST FREDERICK CTR DE camptothecin; cortical neurons; isotope-coded affinity tag; proteomics ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; YEAST PROTEOME; IDENTIFICATION; MODULATION; EXPRESSION; TECHNOLOGY; PROTEINS; GENOMES AB Isotope-coded affinity tags (ICATs) were employed to identify and quantitate changes in protein expression between control and camptothecin-treated mouse cortical neurons. Proteins extracted from control cortical neurons and those treated with camptothecin were labeled with the light and heavy isotopic versions of the ICAT reagents, respectively. ICAT-labeled samples were combined, proteolytically digested, and the derivatized peptides isolated using immobilized avidin chromatography. The peptides thus isolated were analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled directly to either a conventional ion-trap mass spectrometer (IT-MS) or a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTICR). While a majority of the peptide identifications were accomplished using IT-MS, FTICR was used to quantitate the relative abundances of the ICAT-labeled peptides taking advantage of its high resolution, sensitivity, and duty cycle. By using this combination of MS technologies we have thus far identified and quantified the expression of greater than 125 proteins from control and camptothecin-treated mouse cortical neurons. While proteins from most functional classes of proteins were identified, a particularly large percentage of the enzymes involved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were observed. C1 NCI, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Veenstra, TD (reprint author), NCI, SAIC Frederick, POB B, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 25 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1591 EP 1598 AR UNSP EL 4921 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200206)23:11<1591::AID-ELPS1591>3.0.CO;2-# PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 566LM UT WOS:000176429600006 PM 12179976 ER PT J AU Wright, JW Toth-Fejel, S Stouffer, RL Rodland, KD AF Wright, JW Toth-Fejel, S Stouffer, RL Rodland, KD TI Proliferation of rhesus ovarian surface epithelial cells in culture: Lack of mitogenic response to steroid or gonadotropic hormones SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; E-CADHERIN EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; NEOPLASTIC PROGRESSION; EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM; INCESSANT OVULATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INCLUSION CYSTS; N-CADHERIN AB Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, and approximately 90% of ovarian cancers derive from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), yet the biology of the OSE is poorly understood. Factors associated with increased risk of nonhereditary ovarian cancer include the formation of inclusion cysts, effects of reproductive hormones and the number of ovulations experienced in a woman's lifetime. Distinguishing between these factors is difficult in vivo, but cultured OSE cells are viable tools for some avenues of research. Here we establish rhesus macaque OSE cultures and demonstrate that these cells express cytokeratin, vimentin, N-cadherin, ER-alpha, and PR but are negative for E-cadherin. We show that these cells activate MAPK and proliferate in response to extracellular calcium, as do human and rat OSE. In contrast, the gonadotropic hormones FSH (4-400 IU/liter), LH (8.5-850 IU/ liter), and human CG (10-1000 IU/Iiter) fail to stimulate proliferation. We find that concentrations of progesterone and estrogen normally present in follicles just before ovulation (similar to1000 ng/ml) significantly decrease the number of mitotically active rhesus macaque OSE cells as determined by PCNA labeling, total cell count, and H-3-thymidine uptake, whereas lower steroid concentrations have no effect. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Surg Oncol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Reprod Sci, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rodland, KD (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-78722]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00163]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-20869] NR 67 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD JUN PY 2002 VL 143 IS 6 BP 2198 EP 2207 DI 10.1210/en.143.6.2198 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 553AR UT WOS:000175653800027 PM 12021183 ER PT J AU Kosny, J Kossecka, E AF Kosny, J Kossecka, E TI Multi-dimensional heat transfer through complex building envelope assemblies in hourly energy simulation programs SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE thermal modeling; thermal bridges; hourly energy simulation programs AB In most whole building thermal modeling computer programs like DOE-2, BLAST, or ENERGY PLUS simplified, one-dimensional, parallel path, descriptions of building envelope are used, For several structural and material configurations of building envelope components containing high thermal mass and/or two- and three-dimensional thermal bridges, one-dimensional analysis may generate serious errors in building loads estimation. The method of coupling three-dimensional heat transfer modeling and dynamic hot-box tests for complex wall systems with the whole building thermal simulations is presented in this paper. This procedure can increase the accuracy of the whole building thermal modeling. Current thermal modeling and calculation procedures tend to overestimate the actual field thermal performance of today's popular building envelope designs, which utilize modem building technologies (sometimes highly conductive structural materials) and feature large fenestration areas and floor plans with many exterior wall corners. Some widely used computer codes were calibrated using field data obtained from light weight wood frame buildings. The same codes are used now for thermal modeling of high mass buildings with significant heat accumulation effects. Also. the effects of extensive thermal shorts on the whole building thermal performance is not accurately reflected by the commonly used one-dimensional energy simulations that are the current bases for building envelopes and systems designing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kosny, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI KOSSECKA, ELISABETH/A-3658-2008 NR 15 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 5 BP 445 EP 454 AR PII S0378-7788(01)00122-0 DI 10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00122-0 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 552TL UT WOS:000175636100003 ER PT J AU Dahlin, CL Williamson, CA Collins, WK Dahlin, DC AF Dahlin, CL Williamson, CA Collins, WK Dahlin, DC TI Sequential extraction versus comprehensive characterization of heavy metal species in brownfield soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE lead contamination; heavy-metals; superfund; chemical fractionation; phase characterization; speciation; scanning-electron microscopy ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; FLY-ASH; SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS; ARTIFACTS; REDISTRIBUTION; FRACTIONATION; AVAILABILITY; RETENTION; ELEMENTS AB The applicability of sequential extraction as a means to determine species of heavy-metals was examined by a study on soil samples from two Superfund sites: the National Lead Company site in Pedricktown, NJ, and the Roebling Steel, Inc., site in Florence, NJ. Data from a standard sequential extraction procedure were compared to those from a comprehensive study that combined optical- and scanning-electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and chemical analyses. The study shows that larger particles of contaminants, encapsulated contaminants, and/or man-made materials such as slags, coke, metals, and plastics are subject to incasement, non-selectivity, and redistribution in the sequential extraction process. The results indicate that standard sequential extraction procedures that were developed for characterizing species of contaminants in river sediments may be unsuitable for stand-alone determinative evaluations of contaminant species in industrial-site materials. However, if employed as part of a comprehensive, site-specific characterization study, sequential extraction could be a very useful tool. (C) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of AEHS. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dahlin, CL (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queens Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1006/enfo.2002.0090 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605VG UT WOS:000178697300009 ER PT J AU Tsang, CF Shestakov, VM AF Tsang, CF Shestakov, VM TI Introduction to the special issue: "Subsurface flow and transport: from theoretical studies to actions at field sites" SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0480-0 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000001 ER PT J AU Li, GM AF Li, GM TI Tracer mixing at fracture intersections SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contaminant; fractured rocks; network models; tracer ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS; MEDIA AB Discrete network models are one of the approaches used to simulate a dissolved contaminant, which is usually represented as a tracer in modeling studies, in fractured rocks. The discrete models include large numbers of individual fractures within the network structure, with flow and transport described on the scale of an individual fracture. Numerical simulations for the mixing characteristics and transfer probabilities of a tracer through a fracture intersection are performed for this study. A random-walk, particle-tracking model is applied to simulate tracer transport in fracture intersections by moving particles through space using individual advective and diffusive steps. The simulation results are compared with existing numerical and analytical solutions for a continuous intersection over a wide range of Peclet numbers. This study attempts to characterize the relative concentration a the outflow branches for a continuous intersection with different flow fields. The simulation results demonstrate that the mixing characteristics at the fracture intersections are a function not only of the Peclet number, but also of the flow field pattern. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, GM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0483-x PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000004 ER PT J AU Solodov, IN Malkovsky, VI Pek, AA Benson, SM AF Solodov, IN Malkovsky, VI Pek, AA Benson, SM TI New evidence for the combined influence of vapor condensation and thermal convection on groundwater monitoring wells SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vapor condensation; thermal convection; groundwater multi-channel hydrochemical logging ID KESTERSON RESERVOIR; CALIFORNIA; SELENIUM; CONTAMINATION AB Data from hydrogeochemical logging in two observation wells at the Kesterson Reservoir (Central Valley, California) are considered. The Wells are equipped with polyvinyl chloride risers, the internal diameter of the wells is 10.16 cm. The logging used a multi-channel hydrogeochemical probe. Measurements were performed under undisturbed conditions and after purging the wells. Comparison of the logging data obtained before and after purging revealed that under undisturbed conditions water in the both wells was less mineralized and more oxidized than formation water. This can be explained by periodic condensation of air moisture on the internal surface of the well casing above the water level due to daily temperature variations at the site. Theoretical estimation shows that the depth-temperature distribution causes free thermal convection in the both wells that leads to a movement of less mineralized water from the top of the wells down to the well screens. This conclusion is confirmed by the characteristics of water salinity at the screen depths measured. before and after purging. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol Ore Deposits Petrog Mineral & Geochem, Moscow 109017, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Malkovsky, VI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol Ore Deposits Petrog Mineral & Geochem, Staromonetny 35, Moscow 109017, Russia. EM malk@igem.ru NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0484-9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000005 ER PT J AU Drozhko, EG Ivanov, IA Samsonova, LM Glagolev, AV Glinsky, ML Ter-Saakian, NF Skokov, AV Looney, B Nichols, R Hutter, A Wollenberg, H AF Drozhko, EG Ivanov, IA Samsonova, LM Glagolev, AV Glinsky, ML Ter-Saakian, NF Skokov, AV Looney, B Nichols, R Hutter, A Wollenberg, H TI Assessment of hydrological parameters in heterogeneous fractured rock SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heterogeneity fractured aquifer; hydrology; geophysical methods AB In-situ experiments for investigation of the heterogeneity of fractured aquifer rock were performed by Russian and American scientists in the area of the Mayak Production Association, South Urals, Russia, in 1996. This paper presents a description of the different hydrological and geophysical methods for acquiring and processing the data and a comparison of preliminary hydrogeological results. The coincidence of determinations of hydraulic conductivities, using different field tests and methods for data analysis, permits us to recommend the processes described for use in detailed investigations of the transmissivity of fractured-rock aquifers. C1 Mayak Prod Assoc, Ozyorsk 456780, Russia. PSA Hydrospetzgeol, Moscow 123060, Russia. Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Drozhko, EG (reprint author), Mayak Prod Assoc, Ozyorsk 456780, Russia. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0487-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000008 ER PT J AU Williams, MD Cole, CR Foley, MG Zinina, GA Zinin, AI Vasil'kova, NA Samsonova, LM AF Williams, MD Cole, CR Foley, MG Zinina, GA Zinin, AI Vasil'kova, NA Samsonova, LM TI Model intercomparison study to investigate a dense contaminant plume in a complex hydrogeologic system SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dense plume; evaporation; infiltration; intercomparison study; transport model AB A joint Russian and US model intercomparison study was undertaken to develop more realistic contaminant transport models of the Mayak Site, southern Urals. The test problems were developed by the Russian team based on their experience in modeling contaminant migration near Lake Karachai. The intercomparison problems were designed to address lake and contaminant plume interactions, as well as river interactions and plume-density effects. Different numerical codes were use Overall, there was good agreement between the results of both models. Features shown by both models include (1) the sinking of the plume below the lake, (2) the raising of the water table in the fresh water adjacent to the lake in response to the increased pressure from the dense plume, and (3) the formation of a second sinking plume in an area where evapotranspiration exceeded infiltration, thus increasing the solute concentrations above the source (Le., lake) values. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. State Geol Enterprise, Moscow, Russia. RP Williams, MD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 199 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0489-4 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000010 ER PT J AU Tompson, AFB Bruton, CJ Pawloski, GA Smith, DK Bourcier, WL Shumaker, DE Kersting, AB Carle, SF Maxwell, RM AF Tompson, AFB Bruton, CJ Pawloski, GA Smith, DK Bourcier, WL Shumaker, DE Kersting, AB Carle, SF Maxwell, RM TI On the evaluation of groundwater contamination from underground nuclear tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contamination; groundwater; nuclear testing; Nevada Test Site; radioactive ID REACTIVE TRANSPORT; TEST CAVITY; MIGRATION; WATER AB Increasing concern about radioactive contamination of groundwater from underground nuclear tests has reinforced the need for a basic understanding of how the radionuclide inventories of such tests enter and migrate through groundwater. As a basis for studying these processes, the physically and thermally disturbed geologic environment produced by such tests and its relation to the post-test distribution of radionuclides is discussed from a conceptual perspective. These concepts are used to support the development of a reactive transport model to evaluate the nature and extent of radionuclide contamination within alluvium surrounding a specific underground nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Simulations are focused on determining the abundance and chemical nature of radionuclides that are introduced into groundwater, as well as the rate and extent of radionuclide migration and reaction in groundwater surrounding the working point of the test. Transport simulations based upon a streamline-based numerical model are used to illustrate the nature of radionuclide elution out of the near-field environment and illustrate the conceptual modeling process. The numerical approach allowed for relatively complex flow and chemical reactions to be considered in a computationally efficient manner. The results are particularly sensitive to the rate of melt glass dissolution, distribution of reactive minerals in the alluvium, and overall groundwater flow configuration. They provide a rational basis from which defensible migration assessments over larger spatial and temporal scales can proceed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tompson, AFB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013 OI Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441 NR 46 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0493-8 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000013 ER PT J AU Tsang, CF Benson, SM Kobelski, B Smith, RE AF Tsang, CF Benson, SM Kobelski, B Smith, RE TI Scientific considerations related to regulation development for CO2 sequestration in brine formations SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE regulation; CO2; sequestration; brine injection ID STORAGE; FLOW AB Carbon management through the underground injection of CO, into subsurface brine formations is being actively studied. If there are no technological constraints for implementation, there could be a large number of wells constructed for injecting a large volume Of CO2. It is therefore important, in parallel with current scientific studies, to consider the appropriate, science-based regulatory framework for CO2 injection. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Underground Injection Control (UIC) program, authorized under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), has extensive experience in regulating the injection of mainly liquid wastes into geologic formations in the United States. The federal requirements and permit process implemented by EPA and the Primacy States since 1980 have played a critical role in the safety of subsurface disposal of liquid wastes in the US. Physically and chemically, there are significant differences between CO2 and common liquid wastes. Its viscosity and density are much lower and, under injection pressure in the deep formation, it may be under super-critical conditions. Because of the lower density and viscosity, CO2 leakage through the confining strata may be greater when compared to currently injected liquid wastes. Also, the chemical interactions Of CO2 with the geologic formation have their own characteristics. All these scientific factors need to be evaluated to identify new guidelines for appropriate regulatory and monitoring controls. The paper reviews current UIC regulations, injection-well classification scheme and monitoring requirements, and identifies the unique factors related to the physical and chemical processes in the subsurface associated with CO2 injection. Implications of these scientific considerations for regulation development are discussed. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Off Drinking Water & Ground Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0497-4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000017 ER PT J AU Pruess, K Garcia, J AF Pruess, K Garcia, J TI Multiphase flow dynamics during CO2 disposal into saline aquifers SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE greenhouse gas; carbon dioxide; aquifer disposal; sequestration; PVT properties; multiphase flow; numerical simulation; discretization errors; fault zone discharge ID HEAT-FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; FLUID-FLOW; EQUATION; SYSTEMS; WATER; GAS AB Injection Of CO2 into saline aquifers is described by mass conservation equations for the three components water, salt (NaCl), and CO2. The equations are discretized using an integral finite difference method, and are solved using methods developed in geothermal and petroleum reservoir engineering. Phase change processes are treated through switching of primary thermodynamic variables. A realistic treatment of PVT (fluid) properties is given which includes salinity and fugacity effects for partitioning of CO2 between gaseous and aqueous phases. Chemical reactions and mechanical stress effects are neglected. Numerical simulations are presented for injection Of CO2 into a brine aquifer, and for loss Of CO2 from storage through discharge along a fault zone. it is found that simulated pressures are much more sensitive to space discretization effects than are phase saturations. CO2 discharge along a fault is a self-enhancing process whose flow rates can increase over time by more than an order of magnitude, suggesting that reliable containment Of CO2 will require multiple barriers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM K_Pruess@lbl.gov NR 55 TC 184 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 282 EP 295 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0498-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000018 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Tsang, CF AF Rutqvist, J Tsang, CF TI A study of caprock hydromechanical changes associated with CO2-injection into a brine formation SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caprock; CO2; fossil fired power plant; hydromechanical changes AB A numerical study of hydromechanical changes during a deep underground injection of supercritical CO2 in a hypothetical brine aquifer/caprock system is conducted. The injection process is simulated using a newly developed computer model for multi-phase analysis Of CO2 and brine water flow, coupled with heat transfer and rock deformations. In this modeling, CO2 is injected at a constant rate over a 10-year period at a depth of 1,300-1,500 in. The injection zone is overlain by a 100-m-thick caprock, located at 1,200-1,300 in, which in one of the studied cases is intersected by a vertical fault. The hydraulic, mechanical as well as hydromechanical responses caused by the injection are studied. This includes the spread of the CO2 plume, effective stress changes, ground surface uplift, stress-induced permeability changes, and mechanical failure analysis. The analysis shows that most hydromechanical changes are induced in the lower part of the caprock near its contact with the injection zone, whereas the sealing mechanism of the upper part may remain intact, despite an injection pressure close to the lithostratic stress value. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS-90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 16 TC 171 Z9 186 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 296 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0499-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 573HR UT WOS:000176824000019 ER PT J AU Tran, LT Knight, CG O'Neill, RV Smith, ER Riitters, KH Wickham, J AF Tran, LT Knight, CG O'Neill, RV Smith, ER Riitters, KH Wickham, J TI Fuzzy decision analysis for integrated environmental vulnerability assessment of the Mid-Atlantic region SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE vulnerability assessment; fuzzy decision analysis; ecological indicators ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; POLLUTION; INDEXES; HEALTH; WATER; AHP AB A fuzzy decision analysis method for integrating ecological indicators was developed. This was a combination of a fuzzy ranking method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The method was capable of ranking ecosystems in terms of environmental conditions and suggesting cumulative impacts across a large region, Using data on land cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography of the Mid-Atlantic region, we were able to point out areas that were in relatively poor condition and/or vulnerable to future deterioration, The method offered an easy and comprehensive way to combine the strengths of fuzzy set theory and the AHP for ecological assessment. Furthermore, the suggested method can serve as a building block for the evaluation of environmental policies. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Integrated Reg Assessment, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Tran, LT (reprint author), 2217 Earth & Engn Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 50 TC 93 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 31 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 845 EP 859 DI 10.1007/s00267-001-2587-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551GT UT WOS:000175552200009 PM 11992175 ER PT J AU Johnston, CT Agnew, SF Schoonover, JR Kennedy, JW Page, B Osborn, J Corbin, R AF Johnston, CT Agnew, SF Schoonover, JR Kennedy, JW Page, B Osborn, J Corbin, R TI Raman study of aluminum speciation in simulated alkaline nuclear waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; MONTMORILLONITE AB The chemistry of concentrated sodium aluminate solutions stored in many of the large, underground storage tanks containing high-level waste (HLW) at the Hanford and Savannah River Nuclear Reservations is an area of recent research interest. Not only is the presence of aluminate in solution important for continued safe storage of these wastes, the nature of both solid and solution aluminum oxyhydroxides is important for waste pretreatment. Moreover, for many tanks that have leaked high aluminum waste in the past, little is known about the speciation of Al in the soil. In this study, Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the speciation of the aqueous species in the Al2O3-Na2O-H2O system over a wide range of solution compositions and hydration, A ternary phase diagram has been used to correlate the observed changes in the spectra with the composition of the solution and with dimerization of aluminate that occurs at elevated aluminate concentrations (> 1.5 M). Dimerization is evidenced by growth of new Al-0 stretching bands at 535 and 695 cm(-1) at the expense of the aluminate monomer band at 620 cm(-1). The spectrum of water was strongly influenced by the high concentrations of Na+ and OH- (>17 M). Upon increasing the concentration of NaOH in solution, the delta-(H-O-H) bending band of water (nu(2) mode) increased in frequency to 1663 cm-1, indicating that the water contained in the concentrated caustic solution was more strongly hydrogen bonded at the higher base content. In addition, the sharp, well-resolved band at 3610 cm-1, assigned to the nu(O-H) of free OH-, increased in intensity with increasing NaOH. Analysis of the nu(O-H) bands in the 3800-2600 cm-1 region supported the overall increase in hydrogen bonding as evidenced by the increase in relative intensity of a strongly hydrated water band at 3118 cm(-1). Taking into consideration the activity of water, the molar concentrations of the monomeric and dimeric aluminate species were estimated using the relative intensities of the Al-0 stretching bands from the Raman spectra. A constant apparent log K-dimer value was obtained at aluminate concentrations >1.5 M with a value of 0.97 +/- 0.04 at similar to25degreesC. This study represents the first spectral-based estimation of a thermodynamic equilibrium constant for the Al2O3-Na2O-H2O system. C1 Purdue Univ, ESEI, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Archimedes Technol Grp Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Eastern New Mexico Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Chem Phys Lab, Portales, NM 88130 USA. RP Johnston, CT (reprint author), Purdue Univ, ESEI, 376 Potter Engn Complex, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009 OI Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2451 EP 2458 DI 10.1021/es011226k PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563UR UT WOS:000176275600038 PM 12075803 ER PT J AU Gramling, CM Harvey, CF Meigs, LC AF Gramling, CM Harvey, CF Meigs, LC TI Reactive transport in porous media: A comparison of model prediction with laboratory visualization SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIMOLECULAR REACTION; KINETICS; FLOW AB Groundwater transport models that accurately describe spreading of nonreactive solutes in an aquifer can poorly predict concentrations of reactive solutes, The dispersive term in the advection-dispersion equation can overpredict pore-scale mixing, and thereby overpredict homogeneous chemical reaction. We quantified this experimentally by imaging instantaneous colorimetric reactions between solutions of aqueous CUSO4 and EDTA(4-) within a 30-cm long translucent chamber packed with cryolite sand that closely matched the optical index of refraction of water. A charge-coupled device camera was used to quantify concentrations of blue CuEDTA(2-) within the chamber as it was produced by mixing of the two reactants at different flow rates. We compared these experimental results with a new analytic solution for instantaneous bimolecular reaction coupled with advection and dispersion of the product and reactants. For all flow rates, the concentrations of CuEDTA(2-) recorded in the experiments were about 20% less than predicted by the analytic solution, thereby demonstrating that models assuming complete mixing at the pore scale can overpredict reaction during transport. C1 MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MIT, WHOI Joint Program Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Harvey, CF (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave,48-321, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI harvey, charles/A-8601-2012 OI harvey, charles/0000-0002-7759-4447 NR 10 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2508 EP 2514 DI 10.1021/es0157144 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563UR UT WOS:000176275600046 PM 12075812 ER PT J AU Kennel, SJ Lankford, T Davern, S Foote, L Taniguchi, K Ohizumi, I Tsutsumi, Y Nakagawa, S Mayumi, T Mirzadeh, S AF Kennel, SJ Lankford, T Davern, S Foote, L Taniguchi, K Ohizumi, I Tsutsumi, Y Nakagawa, S Mayumi, T Mirzadeh, S TI Therapy of rat tracheal carcinoma IC-12 in SCID mice: vascular targeting with [Bi-213]-MAb TES-23 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE TES-23, [Bi-213]; vascular targeting; therapy; SCID mice ID ALPHA-PARTICLE EMITTER; SINGLE-CHAIN FV; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; TUMOR VASCULATURE; SOLID TUMORS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; BLOOD-VESSELS; LUNG-TUMOR; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; BI-213 AB In previous work, we have demonstrated that vascular targeting of [Bi-213], an a-emitter, to lung blood vessels could efficiently destroy tumour colonies growing in the lung. In order to expand this approach to treatment of tumours growing in other sites, we employed the monoclonal antibody (MAb) TES-23, which reacts with CD44H, preferentially expressed on new blood vessels in tumours. Biodistribution studies of N-succinimidyl [I-125] 3-iodobenzoate (SIB)-radiolabelled MAb TES-23 in ICR-severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) IC-12 tumours, demonstrated efficient tumour uptake. At 24 h. accumulation in small tumours was 45% ID/g for s.c. tumours, and 58% ID/g for i.m. tumours and in large tumours it was 25% ID/g for s.c. tumours and 17% ID/g for i.m. tumours. Micro-autoradiography data confirmed that radiolabel accumulated in or near tumour blood vessels. Normal tissues had very low levels of radioactivity. Treatment of mice bearing small IC-12 tumours with [Bi-213] MAb TES-23 retarded tumour growth relative to animals treated with cold MAb TES-23. Biodistribution and therapy experiments were also performed in BALB/c mice bearing both s.c. and i.m. syngeneic, lung carcinoma (line 498) tumours. [I-125] SIB MAb TES-23 accumulated efficiently in both s.c. and i.m. tumours (14% ID/g and 15% ID/g, respectively, at 4 h); however, no therapeutic effect of [Bi-213] MAb TES-23 treatment could be demonstrated in this model system. The data demonstrate that the timing of vascularisation of the tumours and the delivery kinetics of MAb relative to the half-life of the therapeutic radionuclide are critical for effective therapy. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chugai Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Fuji Gotemba Res Labs, Shizuoka 4128513, Japan. Osaka Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Biopharmaceut, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Kennel, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0959-8049 J9 EUR J CANCER JI Eur. J. Cancer PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1278 EP 1287 AR PII S0959-8049(02)00078-3 DI 10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00078-3 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 567NP UT WOS:000176491100029 PM 12044516 ER PT J AU Rudolph, D Sarantites, DG Andreoiu, C Fahlander, C Balamuth, DP Charity, RJ Devlin, M Eberth, J Galindo-Uribarri, A Hausladen, PA Seweryniak, D Sobotka, LG Steinhardt, T AF Rudolph, D Sarantites, DG Andreoiu, C Fahlander, C Balamuth, DP Charity, RJ Devlin, M Eberth, J Galindo-Uribarri, A Hausladen, PA Seweryniak, D Sobotka, LG Steinhardt, T TI High-resolution in-beam particle spectroscopy - New results on prompt proton emission from Cu-58 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID DEFORMED-NUCLEI; DECAY; EMITTERS; LIFETIME; BANDS; STATE; NI-56 AB Prompt proton decay lines in Cu-58 have been studied by means of high-resolution in-beam particle-gamma coincidence spectroscopy using the GAMMASPHERE Ge-detector array in conjunction with a dedicated set of ancillary detectors including four DeltaE-E silicon-strip telescopes. High-spin states in Cu-58 have been populated via the heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reaction Si-28(Ar-36, 1alpha1p1n) at 148 MeV beam energy. The full-width at half maximum for the proton peak could be reduced significantly compared to earlier experiments. The results indicate that only one prompt proton decay branch exists in the decay-out of the well-deformed band of Cu-58. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rudolph, D (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RI Rudolph, Dirk/D-4259-2009; Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; OI Rudolph, Dirk/0000-0003-1199-3055; Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Charity, Robert/0000-0003-3020-4998 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1140/epja/i2002-10005-1 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 580PJ UT WOS:000177242700002 ER PT J AU Colletti, L Pederiva, F Lipparini, E Umrigar, CJ AF Colletti, L Pederiva, F Lipparini, E Umrigar, CJ TI Investigation of excitation energies and Hund's rule in open shell quantum dots by diffusion Monte Carlo SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CAPACITANCE SPECTROSCOPY; WIGNER MOLECULES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ELECTRONS; SYMMETRY; SINGLE; NANOSTRUCTURES; SPECTRA; STATE AB We use diffusion Monte Carlo to study the ground state, the low-lying excitation spectrum and the spin densities of circular quantum dots with parabolic radial potentials containing N = 16 and N = 24 electrons, each having four open-shell electrons and compare the results to those obtained from Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional local spin density approximation (LSDA) calculations. We find that Hund's first rule is obeyed in both cases and that neither HF nor LSDA correctly predict the ordering of the energy levels. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Trent, Italy. Univ Trent, INFM, I-38050 Trent, Italy. Cornell Univ, Ctr Theory, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Colletti, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Colletti, Leonardo/F-9381-2011 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2002-00169-x PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 568VN UT WOS:000176565700014 ER PT J AU Ray, AK Boettger, JC AF Ray, AK Boettger, JC TI An all-electron LCGTO study of square and hexagonal plutonium monolayers SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID DELTA-PU; LIGHT ACTINIDES; DENSITY; TRANSFORMATION; SURFACES; VOLUMES; SOLIDS; STATE AB The linear combinations of Gaussian type orbitals fitting function (LCGTO-FF) method is used to study the electronic and geometrical properties of plutonium monolayers with square and hexagonal symmetry. The effects of several common approximations are examined: (1) scalar-relativity vs. full-relativity (i.e., with spin-orbit coupling included); (2) paramagnetic vs. spin-polarized; and (3) local-density approximation (LDA) vs. generalized-gradient approximation (GGA). The results indicate that spin-orbit coupling has a much stronger effect on the monolayer properties compared to the effects of spin-polarization. In general, the GGA is found to predict a larger lattice constant and a smaller cohesive energy compared to LDA predictions. We also find a significant compression of the monolayers compared to the bulk, contradicting the only other published result on a Pu monolayer. The current result supports the existence of a delta-like surface on alpha-Pu. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ray, AK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 429 EP 433 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2002-00174-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 568VN UT WOS:000176565700019 ER PT J AU Lamoreaux, SK Archibald, G Barnes, PD Buttler, WT Clark, DJ Cooper, MD Espy, M Greene, GL Golub, R Hayden, ME Lei, C Marek, LJ Peng, JC Penttila, S AF Lamoreaux, SK Archibald, G Barnes, PD Buttler, WT Clark, DJ Cooper, MD Espy, M Greene, GL Golub, R Hayden, ME Lei, C Marek, LJ Peng, JC Penttila, S TI Measurement of the He-3 mass diffusion coefficient in superfluid He-4 over the 0.45-0.95 K temperature range SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIXTURES AB We have directly measured the mass diffusion coefficient D of He-3 in super fluid He-4 at temperatures lower than were previously possible. The experimental technique utilizes scintillation light produced when neutrons react with He-3 nuclei, and allows measurement of the He-3 density integrated along the trajectory of a well-defined neutron beam. By measuring the change in He-3 density near a heater as a function of applied heat current, we are able to infer values for D with 20% accuracy. At temperatures below 0.7 K and for concentrations of order 10(-4), we find D = [2.0(-1.)(2.4)] T(-(6.5-/+1.2))cm(2)/s, in agreement with a theoretical approximation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Lamoreaux, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 58 IS 5 BP 718 EP 724 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00408-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 560FN UT WOS:000176072200013 ER PT J AU Herve, P Destarac, M Berret, JF Lal, J Oberdisse, J Grillo, I AF Herve, P Destarac, M Berret, JF Lal, J Oberdisse, J Grillo, I TI Novel core-shell structure for colloids made of neutral/polyelectrolyte diblock copolymers and oppositely charged surfactants SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; COMPLEXES; POLYELECTROLYTE; DEPENDENCE; MIXTURES; MODEL AB Using neutron and light scattering experiments, we show that neutral/polyelectrolyte diblock copolymers and oppositely charged surfactants in dilute aqueous solutions associate into colloidal aggregates which have an original core-shell microstructure. We have found that the core is constituted of densely packed surfactant micelles, most likely connected between them by the polyelectrolyte blocks. The outer part of the colloid is a corona and is made of the neutral chains. We suggest that the mechanism of formation of these colloids is identical to that of the associative transition reported in homopolyelectrolyte/ surfactant solutions. However, here, the macroscopic phase separation is hindered by the presence of the neutral chains. C1 CNRS, Cranbury Res Ctr Rhodia Inc, Complex Fluids Lab, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. Rhodia, Ctr Rech Aubervilliers, F-93308 Aubervilliers, France. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CEA Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Herve, P (reprint author), CNRS, Cranbury Res Ctr Rhodia Inc, Complex Fluids Lab, 259 Prospect Plains Rd,CN 7500, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. RI Destarac, Mathias/F-2051-2011; Berret, Jean-Francois/C-3358-2013 NR 23 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 58 IS 6 BP 912 EP 918 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00104-y PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 566RE UT WOS:000176441400018 ER PT J AU Stanislaus, M Bennett, P Guida, P Danet, G Luongo, J Sutherland, B Gewirtz, A AF Stanislaus, M Bennett, P Guida, P Danet, G Luongo, J Sutherland, B Gewirtz, A TI Effect of deep space radiation on human hematopoietic stem cell function SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 6 SU 1 MA 195 BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 562FP UT WOS:000176187000193 ER PT J AU Rithidech, KP Dunn, JJ Roe, BA Gordon, CR Cronkite, EP AF Rithidech, KP Dunn, JJ Roe, BA Gordon, CR Cronkite, EP TI Evidence for two commonly deleted regions on mouse chromosome 2 in gamma ray-induced acute myeloid leukemic cells SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; MICE; HETEROZYGOSITY; ABERRATIONS; BENZENE; CANCER; GENE; MYELODYSPLASIA; ABNORMALITIES; DELETIONS AB Objective. The objective of this study was to delineate a precise molecular map of the commonly deleted region (CDR) on mouse chr2 in radiation-induced mouse acute myeloid leukemic (AML) cells. Materials and Methods. We used a PCR-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) assay to map the chr2-CDR in AML cells isolated from F1 hybrid mice (female BALB/cJ x maleCBA/CaJ) which developed AML following exposure to a single dose of 3 Gy of Cs-137 gamma rays. A total of 30 polymorphic microsatellite markers, mapping within or close to chr2(D-E), were used under optimized PCR conditions that generate a single major band for each marker on a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel. Results. Detailed LOH mapping identified two distinct AML-CDRs: one localized to a 4.6 centiMorgan (cM) interval between markers D2Mit272 and D2Mit394; the other mapped to a 0.8 cM interval between markers D2Mit276 and D2Mit444. Both CDRs span the mouse chr2E region. Conclusion. The data present, for the first time, evidence for two distinctly noncontiguous CDRs on mouse chr2 harboring gene(s) involved in AML development. These CDRs are orthologous to human chromosomes 11p11-13 and 15q11-15 that have been implicated in subsets of AML. This finding indicates the region of mouse chr2 that must be searched for candidate genes involved in radiation-induced AML. 0 2002 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rithidech, KP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, BHS T9, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 6 BP 564 EP 570 AR PII S0301-472X(02)00799-3 DI 10.1016/S0301-472X(02)00799-3 PG 7 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 559QP UT WOS:000176037100007 PM 12063023 ER PT J AU Forrestal, MJ Frew, DJ Chen, W AF Forrestal, MJ Frew, DJ Chen, W TI The effect of sabot mass on the striker bar for split Hopkinson pressure bar experiments SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Tech Staff, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Forrestal, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Tech Staff, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1177/0014485102042002193 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 559QU UT WOS:000176037500001 ER PT J AU Zak, M AF Zak, M TI Quantum evolution as a nonlinear Markov process SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hidden statistics; quantum evolution; nonlinear Markov process AB Based upon the Madelung version of the Schrodinger equation, quantum evolution in real space is interpreted as a nonlinear Markov process in which the future state depends upon the present state and the present probability distribution. From this viewpoint, the concepts of nonlocality and entanglement are discussed. The concept of hidden statistics is introduced as an alternative way to formulate and interpret quantum formalism as well as to solve the Schrodinger equation. The problem of incompleteness of the Schrodinger description as well as physical meaning of the quantum potential is discussed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zak, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9875 J9 FOUND PHYS LETT JI Found. Phys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.1023/A:1021079403550 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 574KX UT WOS:000176889700002 ER PT J AU Allison, VJ Goldberg, DE AF Allison, VJ Goldberg, DE TI Species-level versus community-level patterns of mycorrhizal dependence on phosphorus: an example of Simpson's paradox SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community composition; environmental gradients; scale ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; PLANT-GROWTH RESPONSES; VA-MYCORRHIZA; ROCK-PHOSPHATE; DIFFERENT ENDOPHYTES; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; DROUGHT STRESS; HARVEST INDEX; SANDY SOIL; FUNGI AB 1. Ecological studies commonly assume that it is possible to extrapolate from a response shown by a fixed set of species to the response when the species composition is allowed to change. However, as described by Simpson's paradox, this is not necessarily a reasonable expectation. 2. The impact of Simpson's paradox on an ecological question was tested using a meta-analysis of data on plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizas. Although species-level response commonly declines as phosphorus availability increases. we hypothesized that the community-level response could either decline or remain constant. 3. As expected, mycorrhizal response of individual species declined significantly as P supply increased. The response averaged across multiple species was negative but not robust. so we cannot distinguish clearly between the hypotheses. 4. It is impossible to assume that community-level responses to environmental gradients are the same as those found at species level. We recommend that experimental tests of hypotheses should allow species identity to change with the environment. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Allison, VJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203,E133, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 56 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00627.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 561FU UT WOS:000176130200009 ER PT J AU Davis, W Roney, P Carroll, T Gibney, T Mastrovito, D AF Davis, W Roney, P Carroll, T Gibney, T Mastrovito, D TI The use of MDSplus on NSTX at PPPL SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Control, Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 16-19, 2001 CL PADUA, ITALY DE data acquisition; data visualization; data management; MDSplus; NSTX AB The MDSplus data acquisition system has been used successfully since the 1999 startup of NSTX for control, data acquisition and analysis for diagnostic subsystems. For each plasma "shot" on NSTX about 75 MBs of data is acquired and loaded into MDSplus hierarchical data structures in 2-3 min. Physicists adapted to the MDSplus software tools with no real difficulty. Some locally developed tools are described. The support from the developers at MIT was timely and insightful. The use of MDSplus has resulted in significant cost savings for NSTX. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Davis, W (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 247 EP 251 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00016-9 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00016-9 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 566XB UT WOS:000176452600005 ER PT J AU Mastrovito, DM AF Mastrovito, DM TI Integration of Microsoft Windows applications with MDSplus data acquisition on the National Spherical Torus Experiment at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Control, Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 16-19, 2001 CL PADUA, ITALY DE MDSplus; Microsoft Windows; automation; COM; synchronization AB Data acquisition on the National Spherical Torus Experiment at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) has increasingly involved the use of Personal Computers and specially developed 'turn-key' hardware and software systems to control diagnostics. Interaction with these proprietary software packages is accomplished through use of Visual Basic, or Visual C + + and Component Object Model (com) technology. com is a software architecture that allows the components made by different software vendors to be combined into a variety of applications. This technology is particularly well suited to these systems because of its programming language independence, standards for function calling between components, and ability to transparently reference remote processes. com objects make possible the creation of acquisition software that can control the experimental parameters of both the hardware and software. Synchronization of these applications for diagnostics, such as charged couple device cameras and residual gas analyzers, with the rest of the experiment event cycle at PPPL has been made possible by utilization of the MDSplus libraries for Windows. Instead of transferring large data files to remote disk space, Windows MDSplus events and I/O functions allow us to put raw data into MDSplus directly from interactive data language for Windows and Visual Basic. The combination of com technology and the MDSplus libraries for Windows provide the tools for many new possibilities in versatile acquisition applications and future diagnostics. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Mastrovito, DM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00018-2 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00018-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 566XB UT WOS:000176452600007 ER PT J AU Peng, Q Groebner, RJ Lao, LL Schachter, J Schissel, DP Wade, MR AF Peng, Q Groebner, RJ Lao, LL Schachter, J Schissel, DP Wade, MR TI Status of the Linux PC cluster for between-pulse data analyses at DIII-D SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Control, Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 16-19, 2001 CL PADUA, ITALY DE parallel computing; Linux cluster; data analysis AB Some analyses that survey experimental data are carried out at a sparse sample rate between pulses during tokamak operation and/or completed as a batch job overnight because the complete analysis on a single fast workstation cannot fit in the narrow time window between two pulses. Scientists therefore miss the opportunity to use these results to guide experiments quickly. With a dedicated Beowulf type cluster at a cost less than that of a workstation, these analyses can be accomplished between pulses and the analyzed data made available for the research team during the tokamak operation. A Linux PC cluster comprised of 12 processors was installed at DIII-D, National Fusion Facility in CY00 and expanded to 24 processors in CY01 to automatically perform between-pulse magnetic equilibrium reconstructions using the EFIT code written in FORTRAN, CER analyses using CERQUICK code written in interactive data language (IDL) and full profile fitting analyses (n(e), T-e, T-i, V-r, Z(eff)) using IDL code ZIPFIT. This paper reports the current status of the system, the details of the between-pulse profile fitting analyses, and discusses some problems and concerns raised during the implementation and expansion of the system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peng, Q (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 319 EP 323 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00027-3 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00027-3 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 566XB UT WOS:000176452600016 ER PT J AU Schissel, DP Finkelstein, A Foster, IT Fredian, TW Greenwald, MJ Hansen, CD Johnson, CR Keahey, K Klasky, SA Li, K McCune, DC Peng, Q Stevens, R Thompson, MR AF Schissel, DP Finkelstein, A Foster, IT Fredian, TW Greenwald, MJ Hansen, CD Johnson, CR Keahey, K Klasky, SA Li, K McCune, DC Peng, Q Stevens, R Thompson, MR TI Data management, code deployment, and scientific visualization to enhance scientific discovery in fusion research through advanced computing SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Control, Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 16-19, 2001 CL PADUA, ITALY DE security; grid computing; collaboration; fusion; visualization AB The long-term vision of the Fusion Collaboratory described in this paper is to transform fusion research and accelerate scientific understanding and innovation so as to revolutionize the design of a fusion energy source. The Collaboratory will create and deploy collaborative software tools that will enable more efficient utilization of existing experimental facilities and more effective integration of experiment, theory, and modeling. The computer science research necessary to create the Collaboratory is centered on three activities: security, remote and distributed computing, and scientific visualization. It is anticipated that the presently envisioned Fusion Collaboratory software tools will require 3 years to complete. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schissel, DP (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 481 EP 486 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00050-9 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00050-9 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 566XB UT WOS:000176452600039 ER PT J AU Baker, GA AF Baker, GA TI Effects on the structure of the universe of an accelerating expansion SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article DE fundamental astrophysics; relativity and gravitation; supernovae; microwaves; classical general relativity ID BACKGROUND-RADIATION; MODELS AB Recent experimental results from supernovae Ia observations have been interpreted to show that the rate of expansion of the universe is increasing. Other recent experimental results find strong indications that the universe is "flat." In this paper, I investigate some solutions of Einstein's field equations which go smoothly between Schwarzschild's relativistic gravitational solution near a mass concentration to the Friedmann-Lemaitre expanding universe solution. In particular, the static, curved-space extension of the Lemaitre-Schwarzschild solution in vacuum is given. Uniqueness conditions are discussed. One of these metrics preserves the "cosmological equation." We find that when the rate of expansion of the universe is increasing, space is broken up into domains of attraction. Outside a domain of attraction, the expansion of the universe is strong enough to accelerate a test particle away from the domain boundary. I give a domain-size-mass relationship. This relationship may very well be important to our understanding of the large scale structure of the universe. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 6 BP 767 EP 791 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 574MQ UT WOS:000176894500001 ER PT J AU Naar, AM Taatjes, DJ Zhai, WG Nogales, E Tjian, R AF Naar, AM Taatjes, DJ Zhai, WG Nogales, E Tjian, R TI Human CRSP interacts with RNA polymerase IICTD and adopts a specific CTD-bound conformation SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE CRSP; mediator; CTD; structure; transcription ID CARBOXY-TERMINAL DOMAIN; PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; COACTIVATOR COMPLEX; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; MEDIATOR COMPLEX; COFACTOR COMPLEX; II HOLOENZYME; PROTEIN AB Activation of gene transcription in mammalian cells requires several classes of coactivators that participate in different steps of the activation cascade. Using conventional and affinity chromatography, we have isolated a human coactivator complex that interacts directly with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The CTD-binding complex is structurally and functionally indistinguishable from our previously isolated CRSP coactivator complex. The closely related, but transcriptionally inactive, ARC-L complex failed to interact with the CTD, indicating a significant biochemical difference between CRSP and ARC-L that may, in part, explain their functional divergence. Electron microscopy and three-dimensional single-particle reconstruction reveals a conformation for CTD-CRSP that is structurally distinct from unliganded CRSP or CRSP bound to SREBP-la, but highly similar to CRSP bound to the VP16 activator. Together, our findings suggest that the human CRSP coactivator functions, at least in part, by mediating activator-dependent recruitment of RNA Pol II via the CTD. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Canc Ctr Dept Cell Biol, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tjian, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Canc Ctr Dept Cell Biol, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. RI Taatjes, Dylan/G-2027-2011 NR 39 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1339 EP 1344 DI 10.1101/gad.987602 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 561BZ UT WOS:000176117800004 PM 12050112 ER PT J AU Wesolowski, DJ AF Wesolowski, DJ TI Aluminum speciation and equilibria in aqueous solution: I. The solubility of gibbsite in the system Na-K-Cl-OH-Al(OH)(4) from 0 to 100 degrees C (vol 56, pg 1065, 1992) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wesolowski, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 BP 2055 EP 2055 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00851-1 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 557UM UT WOS:000175926600013 ER PT J AU McNulty, B Farber, D AF McNulty, B Farber, D TI Active detachment faulting above the Peruvian flat slab SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nazca Ridge; detachment; flat subduction; Peru; Andes; extension ID CORDILLERA-BLANCA; SUBDUCTION ZONE; NORTHERN PERU; ANDES; SEISMICITY; CONSTRAINTS; EXTENSION; MOTIONS; BOLIVIA; STRESS AB The Cordillera Blanca detachment fault in the Peruvian Andes is, to our knowledge, the first active detachment to be documented above a modern flat slab. Crustal detachment has unroofed the ca. 8 Ma Cordillera Blanca batholith, now the backbone of the highest mountain range in Peru. Large-magnitude slip along the fault was thermally enhanced by emplacement of the batholith, the penultimate magmatic event prior to flattening of the Nazca slab. However, extensional models based on arc magmatism and crustal thickening alone do not adequately explain the scale or structural asymmetry of a series of young, deep-seated, west-dipping normal faults across Peru. Here we show that the onset of detachment faulting coincided with subduction of the aseismic Nazca Ridge and consequent flattening of the Nazca slab. We propose that slab buoyancy from ridge subduction triggered extensional collapse of the prethickened continental crust, and that this buoyancy drove footwall uplift that exceeds basin subsidence. The west-dipping asymmetry of late Cenozoic extensional faults in Peru may be controlled by a preexisting crustal anisotropy (older thrusts), and/or formation of Riedel-like shears kinematically linked to the flat Nazca slab. C1 Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Earth Sci, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McNulty, B (reprint author), Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Earth Sci, 1000 E Victoria St, Carson, CA 90747 USA. RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 6 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0567:ADFATP>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 561QC UT WOS:000176152100021 ER PT J AU Clapp, EM Bierman, PR Caffee, M AF Clapp, EM Bierman, PR Caffee, M TI Using Be-10 and Al-26 to determine sediment generation rates and identify sediment source areas in an arid region drainage basin SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Internatioal Symposium on Drainage Basin Dynamics and Morphology CY MAY, 1999 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Int Assoc Geomorphologist, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continent Eros, Int Geograph Union, Commiss Geomorph Response Environm Change & Land Degradat & Desertificat, Int Quaternary Res Assoc, Commiss Global Continent Paleohydrol DE arid region sediment transport; cosmogenic dating; denudation; desert geomorphology; sediment mixing models; sediment yield ID COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; DENUDATION; EROSION; INSITU; RELIEF; ROCKS AB We measured Be-10 and Al-26 in 64 sediment and bedrock samples collected throughout the arid, 187 km(2) Yuma Wash drainage basin, southwestern Arizona. From the measurements, we determine long-term, time-integrated rates of upland sediment generation (81 +/- 5 g m(-2) year(-1)) and bedrock equivalent lowering (30 +/- 2 m Ma(-1)) consistent with other estimates for regions of similar climate, lithology, and topography. In a small (similar to 8 km(2)), upland sub-basin, differences in nuclide concentrations between bedrock outcrops and hillslope colluvium suggest weathering of bedrock beneath a colluvial cover is a more significant source of sediment (40 X 10(4) kg year(-1)) than weathering of exposed bedrock surfaces (10 x 10(4) kg year(-1)). Mixing models constructed from nuclide concentrations of sediment reservoirs identify important sediment source areas. Hillslope colluvium is the dominant sediment source to the upper reaches of the sub-basin channel;, channel cutting of alluvial terraces is the dominant source in the lower reaches. Similarities in nuclide concentrations of various sediment reservoirs indicate short sediment storage times (< 10(3) years). Nuclide concentrations, measured in channel sediment from tributaries of Yuma Wash and in samples collected along the length of the Wash, were used to construct mixing models and determine sediment sources to the main stem channel. We find an exponential decrease in the channel nuclide concentrations with distance downstream, suggesting that as much as 40% of sediment discharged from Yuma Wash has been recycled from storage within basin fill alluvium. Sediment generation and denudation rates determined from the main stem are greater (25%) than rates determined from upland sub-basins suggesting that, currently, sediment may be exported from the basin more quickly than it is being generated in the uplands. Independence of nuclide concentration and sediment grain size indicates that channels transport sediment in discrete pulses before rapidly depositing poorly sorted material, suggesting that differences in transport times for different size materials are minimal. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clapp, EM (reprint author), SME, 4 Blanchard Rd,Box 85A, Cumberland Ctr, ME 04021 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 32 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 104 AR PII S0169-555X(01)00191-X DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00191-X PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 560QY UT WOS:000176093800007 ER PT J AU Nichols, KK Bierman, PR Hooke, RL Clapp, EM Caffee, M AF Nichols, KK Bierman, PR Hooke, RL Clapp, EM Caffee, M TI Quantifying sediment transport on desert piedmonts using Be-10 and Al-26 SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Internatioal Symposium on Drainage Basin Dynamics and Morphology CY MAY, 1999 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Int Assoc Geomorphologist, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continent Eros, Int Geograph Union, Commiss Geomorph Response Environm Change & Land Degradat & Desertificat, Int Quaternary Res Assoc, Commiss Global Continent Paleohydrol DE arid region sediment transport; climate change; cosmogenic nuclide; desert geomorphology; pediment; piedmont ID EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; PEDOGENIC PROCESSES; EPHEMERAL STREAM; PRODUCTION-RATES; CALIFORNIA; INSITU; SURFACES; QUARTZ AB In situ produced Be-10 and Al-26, measured in 40 sediment samples collected from the Iron and Granite Mountain piedmonts, eastern Mojave Desert, provide a unique view of piedmont modification processes and process rates over the 103 to 1 05 year time scale. Cosmogenic nuclide-based models suggest that the Iron and Granite Mountains generate 0.11 - 0.13 and 0.082 - 0.097 in m(3) of sediment per year per meter of rangefront, respectively. The sediment moves down the piedmont in an active transport layer (ATL), which is 20 to 30 cm thick (based on visual observations, measurements of depth to a buried B-horizon, cosmogenic nuclide data, and maximum ephemeral channel depths). Sediment in this layer is well-mixed vertically and horizontally on the 102 year time scale, indicating that the small ephemeral channels, which dominate the piedmont surface migrate quickly. Interpretive models of increasing nuclide activities at depth in two pits suggest steady sediment deposition on the Piedmont (at rates between 17-21 and 38-45 m Ma(-1)) until the late Pleistocene epoch, when a discontinuity to markedly lower nuclide activities in the isotopically well-mixed active transport layer suggests that deposition stopped, a significant change in piedmont behavior. Nuclide activities in 10 amalgamated surface samples, each collected along a different 4-km-long transect, increase steadily away from the mountain front. Thus, we infer that sediment is uniformly dosed by cosmic rays as it is transported down the Iron and Granite Mountain piedmonts. Interpretive models suggest that long-term average sediment speeds down the Iron and Granite Mountain piedmonts are a few decimeters to a meter per year. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Geol Sci, Orono, ME 04496 USA. Univ Maine, Inst Quaternay Studies, Orono, ME 04496 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nichols, KK (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 47 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 125 AR PII S0169-555X(01)00192-1 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00192-1 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 560QY UT WOS:000176093800008 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Wicks, C Karasaki, K Marques, O Hulen, JB AF Vasco, DW Wicks, C Karasaki, K Marques, O Hulen, JB TI Geodetic imaging: reservoir monitoring using satellite interferometry SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE geodesy; inverse problems; satellite interferometry; surface displacement ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; COSO GEOTHERMAL AREA; YELLOWSTONE CALDERA; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; LAND SUBSIDENCE; P-WAVE; DISPLACEMENT-FIELDS; SURFACE DEFORMATION; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; INYO-COUNTY AB Fluid fluxes within subsurface reservoirs give rise to surface displacements, particularly over periods of a year or more. Observations of such deformation provide a powerful tool for mapping fluid migration within the Earth, providing new insights into reservoir dynamics. In this paper we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) range changes to infer subsurface fluid volume strain at the Coso geothermal field. Furthermore, we conduct a complete model assessment, using an iterative approach to compute model parameter resolution and covariance matrices. The method is a generalization of a Lanczos-based technique which allows us to include fairly general regularization, such as roughness penalties. We find that we can resolve quite detailed lateral variations in volume strain both within the reservoir depth range (0.4-2.5 km) and below the geothermal production zone (2.5-5.0 km). The fractional volume change in all three layers of the model exceeds the estimated model parameter uncertainty by a factor of two or more. In the reservoir depth interval (0.4-2.5 km), the predominant volume change is associated with northerly and westerly oriented faults and their intersections. However, below the geothermal production zone proper [the depth range 2.5-5.0 km], there is the suggestion that both north- and northeast-trending faults may act as conduits for fluid flow. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 71 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 149 IS 3 BP 555 EP 571 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01569.x PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 556FQ UT WOS:000175839100002 ER PT J AU Poulsen, CJ Jacob, RL Pierrehumbert, RT Huynh, TT AF Poulsen, CJ Jacob, RL Pierrehumbert, RT Huynh, TT TI Testing paleogeographic controls on a Neoproterozoic snowball Earth SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS AB [1] The distribution of continents during the Neoproterozoic has been hypothesized to play an important role in the initiation of an ice-covered Earth. In this study, the influence of paleogeography on the Neoproterozoic climate is evaluated using a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (FOAM). Three simulations were completed with different continental distributions. Each simulation included a reduced solar luminosity (93% of present-day) and low atmospheric CO2 (140 ppmv). Model results indicate that a low-latitude concentration of continents leads to lower tropical temperatures, through reduced receipt of shortwave radiation and a smaller tropical greenhouse effect, but does not significantly affect high-latitude temperatures or sea-ice extent. In contrast, the presence of snow-covered, mid- and high-latitude continents increases the sensible heat transport over the ocean, giving rise to sea-surface cooling, deep-water formation, and an advanced sea-ice margin. Nonetheless, an ice-covered Earth is not simulated in these experiments. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Poulsen, CJ (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM poulsen@usc.edu; rob@scat.ssec.wisc.edu; rtp1@geosci.uchicago.edu; huynht@usc.edu RI Poulsen, Christopher/C-6213-2009; OI Poulsen, Christopher/0000-0001-5104-4271; Pierrehumbert, Raymond/0000-0002-5887-1197 NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 11 AR 1515 DI 10.1029/2001GL014352 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 610MN UT WOS:000178964000045 ER PT J AU Snyder, MA Bell, JL Sloan, LC Duffy, PB Govindasamy, B AF Snyder, MA Bell, JL Sloan, LC Duffy, PB Govindasamy, B TI Climate responses to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide for a climatically vulnerable region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MODEL; PERSPECTIVE AB [1] Global modeling studies of future climate change predict large scale climatic responses to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). While there have been several regional climate modeling studies that produced results at spatial and temporal scales relevant for climate change impact analysis, few have employed statistical significance testing of results. In a sensitivity study that focused on mean climate states, we use a regional climate model to generate ensembles of climate scenarios under atmospheric conditions of 280 and 560 ppm CO2, for a domain centered over California. We find statistically significant responses by mean annual and monthly temperature, precipitation, and snow to CO2 doubling. Relative to the 280 ppm results, 560 ppm results show temperature increasing everywhere in the region annually (up to 3.8degreesC), and in every month, with the greatest monthly surface warming at high elevations. Snow accumulation decreased everywhere, and precipitation increased in northern regions by up to 23%, on a mean annual basis. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Snyder, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Snyder, Mark/B-6835-2008 OI Snyder, Mark/0000-0001-8242-7697 NR 15 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 11 AR 1514 DI 10.1029/2001GL014431 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 610MN UT WOS:000178964000046 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Karasaki, K Nakagome, O AF Vasco, DW Karasaki, K Nakagome, O TI Monitoring production using surface deformation: the Hijiori test site and the Okuaizu geothermal field, Japan SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE surface tilt; inverse problems; Hijiori; Okuaizu; Japan ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; LONG VALLEY CALDERA; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; LAND SUBSIDENCE; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; YELLOWSTONE CALDERA; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; FAULT AB Production in geothermal reservoirs often leads to observable surface displacement. As shown in this paper, there is a direct relationship between such displacement and reservoir dynamics. This relationship is exploited in order to image fluid flow at two geothermal field sites. At the first locality, the Hijiori Hot Dry Rock (HDR) test site, 17 tilt meters record deformation associated with a 2.2 km deep injection experiment. Images of fluid migration along a ring fracture system of the collapsed Hijiori caldera are obtained. At the Okuaizu geothermal field, leveling and tilt meter data provide constraints on long- and short-term fluid movement within the reservoir. A set of 119 leveling data suggest that the north-to-northeast trending Takiyagawa fault acts as a barrier to flow. The northwesterly oriented Chinoikezawa and Sarukurazawa faults appear to channel fluid from the southeast. The tilt data from Okuaizu indicate that a fault paralleling the Takiyagawa fault zone acts as a conduit to transient flow, on a time scale of several weeks. The volume strain in a region adjacent to the injection wells reaches a maximum and then decreases with time. The transient propagation of fluid along the fault may be due to pressure build-up, resulting from the re-initiation of injection. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of CNR. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Japan Petr Explorat Co Ltd, Shinagawa Ku, Tokyo 1400002, Japan. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Bldg 90, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 303 EP 342 AR PII S0375-6505(01)00036-0 DI 10.1016/S0375-6505(01)00036-0 PG 40 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 554EC UT WOS:000175720100002 ER PT J AU Ehman, JL Schmid, HP Grimmond, CSB Randolph, JC Hanson, PJ Wayson, CA Cropley, FD AF Ehman, JL Schmid, HP Grimmond, CSB Randolph, JC Hanson, PJ Wayson, CA Cropley, FD TI An initial intercomparison of micrometeorological and ecological inventory estimates of carbon exchange in a mid-latitude deciduous forest SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biometry; carbon fluxes; deciduous forest; ecophysiology; eddy covariance; micrometeorology; net ecosystem production; net primary production; soil respiration ID SURFACE-AIR EXCHANGE; FINE ROOT TURNOVER; UPLAND OAK FOREST; TALL VEGETATION; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN; DECOMPOSITION; DEPOSITION AB The role of mid-latitude forests in the sequestration of carbon (C) is of interest to an increasing number of scientists and policy-makers alike. Net CO2 exchange can be estimated on an annual basis, using eddy-covariance techniques or from ecological inventories of C fluxes to and from a forest. Here we present an intercomparison of annual estimates of C exchange in a mixed hardwood forest in the Morgan-Monroe State Forest, Indiana, USA for two years, 1998 and 1999. Based on eddy-covariance measurements made at 1.8 times canopy height from a tower, C uptake by the forest was 237 and 287 g C m(-2) y(-1) for 1998 and 1999, respectively. For the same time period, biometric and ecophysiological measures and modelled estimates of all significant carbon fluxes within deciduous forests were made, including: change in living biomass, aboveground and belowground detritus production, foliage consumption, and forest floor and soil respiration. Using this ecological inventory method for these same two time periods, C uptake was estimated to be 271 and 377 g C m(-2) y(-1) , which are 14.3% and 31.4% larger, respectively, than the tower-based values. The relative change between this method's annual estimates is consistent with that of the eddy-covariance based values. Our results indicate that the difference in annual C exchange rates was due to reduced heterotrophic soil respiration in 1999. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ehman, JL (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Grimmond, Sue/A-2179-2009 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Grimmond, Sue/0000-0002-3166-9415 NR 53 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 575 EP 589 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00492.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554QQ UT WOS:000175749000006 ER PT J AU Cheng, YS Zhou, Y Wang, YS Inkret, WC Wermer, JR AF Cheng, YS Zhou, Y Wang, YS Inkret, WC Wermer, JR TI Dose estimate of inhaled hafnium tritide using the ICRP 66 lung model SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE inhalation; lungs; human; modeling; dose assessment; International Commission on Radiological; Protection ID PARTICLES AB Metal tritide is widely used for research, purification, compression, and storage of tritium. The current understanding of metal tritide and its radiation dosimetry for internal exposure is limited, and ICRP publications do not provide the tritium dosimetry for hafnium tritide. The current radiation protection guidelines for metal tritide particles (including hafnium tritide) are based on the assumption that their biological behavior is similar to tritiated water, which is completely absorbed by the body. However, the solubility of metal tritide particles depends on the chemical form of the material. The biological half-live of hafnium tritide particles and the dosimetry of an inhalation exposure to those particles could be quite different from tritiated water. This paper describes experiments on the dissolution rate of hafnium tritide particles in a simulated lung fluid. The results showed that less than 1% of the tritium was dissolved in the simulated lung fluid for hafnium tritide particles after 215 d. The short-term and long-term dissolution half times were 46 and 4.28 x 10(5) d, respectively. This indicates that hafnium tritide is an extremely insoluble material. Self-absorption of beta rays in the hafnium tritide particles was estimated by a numerical method. The dose coefficients were calculated as a function of particle size using in vitro solubility data and a calculated self-absorption factor. The dose coefficient decreased with aerodynamic diameters in the range of 0.25 to 10 mum, mainly because the self-absorption factor decreased with increasing particle size. For a particle 1 mum in aerodynamic diameter, the dose coefficient of a hafnium tritide particle was about 10 times higher than that of tritiated water but was about 1.4 times lower than that calculated by ICRP Publication 71 for Type S tritiated particles. The ICRP estimate did not include a self-absorption factor and thus might have overestimated the dose. This finding has significant implications for current health protection guidelines. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cheng, YS (reprint author), 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM ycheng@lrri.org NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 BP 817 EP 824 AR UNSP 0017-9078/02/0 DI 10.1097/00004032-200206000-00009 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 554LZ UT WOS:000175738300009 PM 12046753 ER PT J AU Kamboj, S LePoire, D Yu, C AF Kamboj, S LePoire, D Yu, C TI External exposure model in the RESRAD computer code SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE soil; contamination, environmental; exposure, population; computer calculations ID PHOTON EMITTERS; SOIL AB An external exposure model has been developed for the RESRAD computer code that provides flexibility in modeling soil contamination configurations for calculating external doses to exposed individuals. This model is based on the dose coefficients given in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Federal Guidance Report No. 12 (FGR-12) and the point kernel method. It extends the applicability of FGR-12 data to include the effects of different source geometries, such as cover thickness, source thickness, source area, and shape of contaminated area of a specific site. A depth factor function was developed to express the dependence of the dose on the source thickness. A cover-and-depth factor function, derived from this depth factor function, takes into account the dependence of dose on the thickness of the source region and the thickness of the cover above the source region. To further extend the model for realistic geometries, area and shape factors were derived that depend not only on the lateral extent of the contamination, but also on source thickness, cover thickness, and radionuclides present. Results obtained with the model generally compare well with those from the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kamboj, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM skamboj@anl.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 BP 831 EP 839 AR UNSP 0017-9078/02/0 DI 10.1097/00004032-200206000-00011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 554LZ UT WOS:000175738300011 PM 12046755 ER PT J AU Huang, S Schery, SD Alcantara, RE Dale, NV Rodgers, JC AF Huang, S Schery, SD Alcantara, RE Dale, NV Rodgers, JC TI Micrometer-sized short-lived radioactive aerosol particles for convenient use in laboratory measurements SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aerosols; calibration; instruments; radioactivity, airborne AB For calibration and testing of radioactive aerosol measuring equipment such as continuous air monitors and cascade impactors, and other research applications, it is helpful to have a convenient and relatively safe means of producing radioactive aerosol particles of controlled size and activity. We describe a technique for producing such particles in the micrometer-diameter size range using electrostatic deposition of radon decay products onto otherwise nonradioactive powders of different sizes. An electric field focuses radon decay products (primarily Po-218) onto the surface of a powdered substrate that is then suspended by a technique such as pneumatic dry dispersion. Only a modest-activity commercial Rn-222 source (e.g., containing as little as 10(5) Bq of Ra-226) is required, and issues of radioactive cleanup and contamination are minimized due to the short half-lives (26.8 min or less) of the decay products. We report representative results using powders of glass beads, iron oxide, and iron and gold metals in the size range of 0.3 to 30 mum. Yields for the deposited radioactivity per unit concentration of Rn-228 gas were of the order of 5 x 10(-7) Bq (Bi-214) per milligram substrate per Bq m(-3) of Rn-222 for an electrostatic collection time of 30 min. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Geophys Res Ctr, Atmospher Radioactiv Grp, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, S (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Geophys Res Ctr, Atmospher Radioactiv Grp, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 BP 847 EP 854 AR UNSP 0017-9078/02/0 DI 10.1097/00004032-200206000-00013 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 554LZ UT WOS:000175738300013 PM 12046757 ER PT J AU Kocher, DC Eckerman, KF AF Kocher, DC Eckerman, KF TI Comments on "risks of fatal cancer from inhalation of (239,240)plutonium by humans: A combined four-method approach with uncertainty evaluation" SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 SENES Oak Ridge Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Kocher, DC (reprint author), SENES Oak Ridge Inc, 102 Donner Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 BP 902 EP 903 AR UNSP 0017-9078/02/0 DI 10.1097/00004032-200206000-00021 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 554LZ UT WOS:000175738300021 PM 12046765 ER PT J AU Cunniff, L AF Cunniff, L TI Environmental regime effectiveness: Confronting theory with evidence SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Book Review C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Serv Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cunniff, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Serv Div, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 BP 906 EP 907 DI 10.1097/00004032-200206000-00026 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 554LZ UT WOS:000175738300026 ER PT J AU Anderson, N Bayless, M Cucchiara, A Griego, W AF Anderson, N Bayless, M Cucchiara, A Griego, W TI Efficiency of street cleaner in removing depleted uranium from asphalt roads and parking lots. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S133 EP S134 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000058 ER PT J AU Ballinger, M Edwards, D Gervais, T AF Ballinger, M Edwards, D Gervais, T TI Deposition in the stack sampling system of a research facility. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S182 EP S182 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000195 ER PT J AU Barat, K Leemans, W AF Barat, K Leemans, W TI Laser Wakefield Accelerator, LBNL experience. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S158 EP S158 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000127 ER PT J AU Brock, TA Strom, DJ Stansbury, PS AF Brock, TA Strom, DJ Stansbury, PS TI An investigation of resuspension factors during the decommissioning, decontamination, and demolition of a US Department of Energy facility. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S171 EP S171 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000163 ER PT J AU Brodsky, A Bailey, E Plott, C Langley, K Wilson, B Masih, S Bell, RT AF Brodsky, A Bailey, E Plott, C Langley, K Wilson, B Masih, S Bell, RT TI How scientific societies can contribute to homeland security. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA USA. Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Forsyth Med Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. US DOE, Germantown, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S176 EP S176 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000176 ER PT J AU Butala, S Corsolini, J AF Butala, S Corsolini, J TI A computer-based program for accelerator radiation safety training. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S160 EP S161 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000136 ER PT J AU Castro, J Montague, C Wannigman, D Wishau, R AF Castro, J Montague, C Wannigman, D Wishau, R TI Development and evaluation of a neutron-photon shield for transuranic (TRU) waste drums. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S138 EP S138 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000072 ER PT J AU Cheng, YS Kenoyer, J Glissmeyer, J AF Cheng, YS Kenoyer, J Glissmeyer, J TI Particle size distribution of aerosols generated inside vehicles. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S156 EP S156 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000123 ER PT J AU Cook, J Collard, L Kaplan, D Wilhite, E AF Cook, J Collard, L Kaplan, D Wilhite, E TI Disposal of large quantities of I-129 by shallow land burial at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S186 EP S186 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000209 ER PT J AU Cucchiara, A Hoffman, J Bayless, M AF Cucchiara, A Hoffman, J Bayless, M TI Health physics aspects of the DARHT Facility beamstop and shielding wall. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S115 EP S115 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000006 ER PT J AU Degteva, M Anspaugh, L Napier, B Bell, R AF Degteva, M Anspaugh, L Napier, B Bell, R TI Dose reconstruction validation and epidemiological studies for the Russian Extended Techa River cohort. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Urals Res Ctr Radiol Med, Chelyabinsk, Russia. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S163 EP S164 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000145 ER PT J AU Falk, R Daugherty, N Aldrich, J Hilmas, D AF Falk, R Daugherty, N Aldrich, J Hilmas, D TI Application of a four-compartment wound model to wounds incurred by former workers at Rocky Flats. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Arvada, CO 80005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S165 EP S165 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000150 ER PT J AU Fliszar, R Gold, K Szrom, F Collins, J Guilmette, R AF Fliszar, R Gold, K Szrom, F Collins, J Guilmette, R TI Characterization of depleted uranium aerosols formed exterior to an armored vehicle following penetrator impact. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000120 ER PT J AU Fresquez, PR Velasquez, WR Naranjo, L AF Fresquez, PR Velasquez, WR Naranjo, L TI Effects of the Cerro Grande fire (smoke and fallout ash) on possible contaminants in soils and crops downwind of Los Alamos National Laboratory. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S119 EP S120 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000019 ER PT J AU Gepford, HJ Moore, ME Hertel, NE AF Gepford, HJ Moore, ME Hertel, NE TI Development of the Differential Angle Laser Illuminated Track Etch Scattering (DALITES) system for reading neutron-induced tracks in CR-39. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S141 EP S141 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000080 ER PT J AU Glissmeyer, J Hadley, K Diediker, L AF Glissmeyer, J Hadley, K Diediker, L TI Effects of particulate deposition in air monitoring system - Case study of an aging facility. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S182 EP S182 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000196 ER PT J AU Gogolak, C AF Gogolak, C TI Data quality objectives and the development of measurement quality objectives. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S180 EP S180 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000191 ER PT J AU Graf, J AF Graf, J TI Getting past risk communication. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S191 EP S191 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000223 ER PT J AU Guilmette, R Cheng, Y Krenik, T AF Guilmette, R Cheng, Y Krenik, T TI Measurement of the in vitro solubility of depleted uranium (DU) in aerosols produced by impact of DU penetrators on armored vehicles. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S157 EP S157 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000125 ER PT J AU Guilmette, R Parkhurst, M AF Guilmette, R Parkhurst, M TI Applicability of Capstone aerosol characterization data to soldier exposure assessment. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S157 EP S158 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000126 ER PT J AU Holmes, TD Guilmette, RA Cheng, YS Hoover, MD AF Holmes, TD Guilmette, RA Cheng, YS Hoover, MD TI Aerosol instrumentation and sampling system for the Capstone test series. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIOSH, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S153 EP S154 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000117 ER PT J AU Johnson, JP Gray, DW Hoffman, JM Mallett, MW Romero, LL Wishau, LL AF Johnson, JP Gray, DW Hoffman, JM Mallett, MW Romero, LL Wishau, LL TI A comparison of dose exposure of a stationary phantom and a rotating phantom. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000083 ER PT J AU Kamboj, S Biwer, BM Yu, C Chen, SY Mo, T AF Kamboj, S Biwer, BM Yu, C Chen, SY Mo, T TI Technical basis for calculating radiation doses for the building occupancy scenario using the probabilistic RESRAD-BUILD 3.0 code. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S118 EP S118 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000016 ER PT J AU Kase, K AF Kase, K TI Shielding of medical accelerator facilities. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S183 EP S183 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000200 ER PT J AU Kenoyer, J Cheng, YS Parkhurst, MA AF Kenoyer, J Cheng, YS Parkhurst, MA TI DU activity concentrations as a function of time during the Capstone aerosol test. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Dade Moeller & Associates Inc, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S155 EP S156 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000122 ER PT J AU Kwofie, J Wells, D Selim, F Harmon, F Jones, J Duttagupta, J AF Kwofie, J Wells, D Selim, F Harmon, F Jones, J Duttagupta, J TI Small, portable linear accelerators as a waste management tool. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Boise State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RI Selim, Farida/N-8077-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S115 EP S116 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000008 ER PT J AU Lee, MB AF Lee, MB TI The quest for sustaining radiation safety personnel for mission-critical positions. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S143 EP S143 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000085 ER PT J AU Lin, J Rokni, S AF Lin, J Rokni, S TI Evaluation of the microdosimetric-based neutron instrument REM500 in accelerator neutron fields at SLAC. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S158 EP S158 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000128 ER PT J AU May, R AF May, R TI MARSSIM application to the decommissioning of a synchrotron light source facility. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S160 EP S160 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000134 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, T AF McLaughlin, T TI Criticality accidents in process facilities - Lessons learned. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S151 EP S151 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000110 ER PT J AU Miller, K Shebell, P AF Miller, K Shebell, P TI A historical perspective on the applications of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S194 EP S194 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000233 ER PT J AU Morton, S AF Morton, S TI Multi-Agency Radiological Laboratory Protocols Manual - The selection and application of an analytical method. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US DOE, RESL, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S181 EP S181 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000192 ER PT J AU Napier, B AF Napier, B TI Major radionuclide releases to the environment from the Russian Mayak Production Association. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S161 EP S162 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000139 ER PT J AU Parkhurst, M AF Parkhurst, M TI The Capstone depleted uranium aerosol test: Background and experimental design overview. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S153 EP S153 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000116 ER PT J AU Parkhurst, M Gold, K Arey, B Jenson, E AF Parkhurst, M Gold, K Arey, B Jenson, E TI Characterization of depleted uranium oxides and particle morphology from the Capstone aerosol test. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S156 EP S157 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000124 ER PT J AU Parks, B AF Parks, B TI Occupational radiation exposures at DOE Office of Science Laboratories SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US DOE, Off Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S133 EP S133 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000057 ER PT J AU Paulus, L Walker, D Thompson, K AF Paulus, L Walker, D Thompson, K TI A field test of electret ion chambers for environmental monitoring for environmental remediation verification. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 State Idaho INEEL Oversight Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S120 EP S120 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000022 ER PT J AU Picel, K Kamboj, S Sydelko, T Cleary, J Enroth, T AF Picel, K Kamboj, S Sydelko, T Cleary, J Enroth, T TI NRC license termination planning at former Army depot that stored depleted uranium munitions and other licensed commodities. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Seneca Army Depot, Romulus, NY 14541 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S119 EP S119 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000017 ER PT J AU Rhodes, W Larsen, M Harper, R Wente, W AF Rhodes, W Larsen, M Harper, R Wente, W TI Use of ACRID/ERAD assessment tools for homeland defense. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S146 EP S146 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000094 ER PT J AU Ricks, RC AF Ricks, RC TI Accidents in the nuclear industry; Impacts and lessons learned: Introduction and overview. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S151 EP S151 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000108 ER PT J AU Rokni, S Fasso, A Wise, T Liu, J Roesler, S AF Rokni, S Fasso, A Wise, T Liu, J Roesler, S TI Induced radioactivity of materials by stray radiation fields at an electron accelerator. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, CERN, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S159 EP S159 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000132 ER PT J AU Scarpitta, S Carte, N Miltenberger, R Gaschott, R AF Scarpitta, S Carte, N Miltenberger, R Gaschott, R TI Rapid analytical technique to identify alpha emitting isotopes in water, air-filters, urine, and solid matrices using a Frisch Grid detector. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000030 ER PT J AU Sengupta, S Holeman, G Kahnhauser, H AF Sengupta, S Holeman, G Kahnhauser, H TI Neutron dose comparison: CR-39 vs TLD SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Holeman Consultants Inc, Flemington, NJ 08822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S122 EP S122 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000027 ER PT J AU Shebell, P AF Shebell, P TI Performance standard on the calibration of germanium detectors for in-situ gamma ray measurements. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S194 EP S195 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000235 ER PT J AU Singh, MS Tobin, MT Brereton, SJ Latkowski, JF Shingleton, KL Yatabe, KL AF Singh, MS Tobin, MT Brereton, SJ Latkowski, JF Shingleton, KL Yatabe, KL TI Benchmark studies on the attenuation and streaming of D-T neutrons and secondary radiation at the most intense 14-MeV neutron source facility. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S160 EP S160 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000135 ER PT J AU Stansbury, PS Strom, DJ AF Stansbury, PS Strom, DJ TI Benefits of using ANSI/HPS N13.12-1999. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S170 EP S171 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000162 ER PT J AU Strom, DJ Watson, CR Stansbury, PS AF Strom, DJ Watson, CR Stansbury, PS TI Generalizing lessons learned from accidents; Predicting consequences per unit source term. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000144 ER PT J AU Taschner, J AF Taschner, J TI Nuclear weapon accidents. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S151 EP S152 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000111 ER PT J AU Terp, S Fuehne, D Jones, E Sturgeon, R AF Terp, S Fuehne, D Jones, E Sturgeon, R TI Database applications in Clean Air Act compliance. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Air Qual Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S134 EP S135 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000061 ER PT J AU Tompkins, JA Leonard, LE AF Tompkins, JA Leonard, LE TI The nation's orphan nuclear stockpile. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S146 EP S146 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000095 ER PT J AU Toohey, R Goans, R AF Toohey, R Goans, R TI Lessons learned from expert response teams. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S179 EP S179 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000188 ER PT J AU Toohey, R AF Toohey, R TI The criticality accident at Tokaimura, Japan. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S163 EP S163 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000143 ER PT J AU Vargo, GJ AF Vargo, GJ TI Health physics lessons learned from the Chornobyl accident. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S162 EP S162 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000141 ER PT J AU Walker, LS Bliss, J Haynes, W AF Walker, LS Bliss, J Haynes, W TI Manual Lujan Neutron Scattering Center radioactive liquid waste (RLW) system blow out and ensuing cleanup. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S159 EP S160 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000133 ER PT J AU Wenzel, WJ Campbell, R Bliss, JL Salazar, JE Bayless, M AF Wenzel, WJ Campbell, R Bliss, JL Salazar, JE Bayless, M TI Alara matrix implementation using the Radiation Protection Automation System. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. GPI, Phoenix, AZ 85017 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 SU S BP S144 EP S145 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558NC UT WOS:000175947000090 ER PT J AU Sample, BE Suter, GW AF Sample, BE Suter, GW TI Screening evaluation of the ecological risks to terrestrial wildlife associated with a coal ash disposal site SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE coal ash; ecological risk assessment; wildlife; soil ingestion; arsenic; mercury; selenium ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BUFO-TERRESTRIS; SOUTHERN TOADS; REPRODUCTION; METHYLMERCURY; MALLARDS; GROWTH; MODELS AB Between 1955 and 1989, coal ash was deposited within an impounded watershed on the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee, creating the 3.6 ha Filled Coal Ash Pond (FCAP). The site has subsequently become vegetated wildlife habitat. To evaluate risks that metals in ash may pose to wildlife; ash, surface water, small mammal, and vegetation samples were collected and metal residues were determined. Metal concentrations, As and Se in particular, were elevated in ash, surface water, plant foliage, and small mammals relative to reference materials. Estimates of metal exposures were calculated for short-tailed shrews, white-footed mice, white-tailed deer, red fox, and red-tailed hawks. While shrews and mice were assumed to reside exclusively at and receive 100% exposure from the site, exposure experienced by deer, fox, and hawks was assumed to be proportional to the size of the site relative to their home range. Because deer had been observed to consume ash, presumably for its high sodium content, exposure experienced by deer consuming ash to meet sodium requirements was also estimated. Exposure estimates were compared to body size adjusted toxicity data for each metal. These comparisons suggest that metals at the site may be detrimental to reproduction and survivorship of mice, shrews, and deer consuming ash for sodium; fox and hawks do not appear to be at risk. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sample, BE (reprint author), CH2M Hill Inc, 2485 Natomas Pk Dr,Suite 600, Sacramento, CA 95833 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 637 EP 656 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571CR UT WOS:000176697700002 ER PT J AU Johnson, GS Frederick, DB Cosgrove, DM AF Johnson, GS Frederick, DB Cosgrove, DM TI Evaluation of a pumping test of the Snake River Plain aquifer using axial-flow numerical modeling SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE axial flow models; basalt aquifer; conceptual models; hydraulic testing; Snake River Plain AB The Snake River Plain aquifer in southeast Idaho is hosted in a thick sequence of layered basalts and interbedded sediments. The degree to which the layering impedes vertical flow has not been well understood, yet is a feature that may exert a substantial control on the movement of contaminants. An axial-flow numerical model, RADFLOW, was calibrated to pumping test data collected by a straddle-packer system deployed at 23 depth intervals in four observation wells to evaluate conceptual models and estimate properties of the Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. A delayed water-table response observed in intervals beneath a sediment interbed was best reproduced with a three-layer simulation. The results demonstrate the hydraulic significance of this interbed as a semi-confining layer. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the sediment interbed was estimated to be about three orders of magnitude less than vertical hydraulic conductivity of the lower basalt and upper basalt units. The numerical model was capable of representing aquifer conceptual models that could not be represented with any single analytical technique. The model proved to be a useful tool for evaluating alternative conceptual models and estimating aquifer properties in this application. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. INEEL Oversight Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Johnson, GS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, 1776 Sci Ctr Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 3 BP 428 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s10040-002-0201-0 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 572XX UT WOS:000176801200008 ER PT J AU Capasso, F Paiella, R Martini, R Colombelli, R Gmachl, C Myers, TL Taubman, MS Williams, RM Bethea, CG Unterrainer, K Hwang, HY Sivco, DL Cho, AY Sergent, AM Liu, HC Whittaker, EA AF Capasso, F Paiella, R Martini, R Colombelli, R Gmachl, C Myers, TL Taubman, MS Williams, RM Bethea, CG Unterrainer, K Hwang, HY Sivco, DL Cho, AY Sergent, AM Liu, HC Whittaker, EA TI Quantum cascade lasers: Ultrahigh-Speed operation, optical wireless communication, narrow linewidth, and far-infrared emission SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID MU-M; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; MODE-LOCKING; SUPERLATTICE; WELL; PERFORMANCE; WAVELENGTH AB Following an introduction to the history of the invention of the quantum cascade (QC) laser and of the band-structure engineering advances that have led to laser action over most of the mid-infrared (IR) and part of the far-IR spectrum, the paper provides a comprehensive review of recent developments that will likely enable important advances in areas such as optical communications, ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy and applications to ultrahigh sensitivity gas-sensing systems. We discuss the experimental observation of the remarkably different frequency response of QC lasers compared to diode lasers, i.e., the absence of relaxation oscillations, their high-speed digital modulation, and results on mid-IR optical wireless communication links, which demonstrate the possibility of reliably transmitting complex multimedia data streams. Ultrashort pulse generation by gain switching and active and passive modelocking is subsequently discussed. Recent data on the linewidth of free-running QC lasers (similar to150 kHz) and their frequency stabilization down to 10 kHz are presented. Experiments on the relative frequency stability (similar to5 Hz) of two QC lasers locked to optical cavities are discussed. Finally, developments in metallic waveguides with surface plasmon modes, which have enabled extension of the operating wavelength to the far IR are reported. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Solid State Elect, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A R6, Canada. RP Capasso, F (reprint author), Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Martini, Rainer/B-2456-2012; Hwang, Harold/I-6943-2012; Whittaker, Edward/A-7403-2012; Unterrainer, Karl/J-4248-2016 OI Whittaker, Edward/0000-0003-0756-5293; Unterrainer, Karl/0000-0003-1970-9071 NR 79 TC 210 Z9 214 U1 10 U2 61 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 6 BP 511 EP 532 AR PII S0018-9197(02)05021-2 DI 10.1109/JQE.2002.1005403 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 557VU UT WOS:000175929900002 ER PT J AU Sheahen, TP McConnell, BW AF Sheahen, TP McConnell, BW TI Method for estimating future markets for high-temperature superconducting power devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE analysis tool; conductor cost; impact of cooling; projections of market for HTS power devices AB This paper describes a spreadsheet model for estimating the impact of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power devices on the national electric grid. The distribution of losses in the national grid is carefully traced and those losses that HTS can eliminate are identified. The energy savings achievable by the many sizes of HTS generators, transformers, cables, and motors are then computed and totaled using a spreadsheet analysis. The economic savings are very sensitive to the price (and J(e)) of HTS wire, and to the cost of cooling the devices to operating temperature. A market penetration model is used to estimate how fast HTS devices become commercially successful. The emphasis of the paper is the analytic tool, not the numerical results of one specific case. This entire model is explicitly designed to allow others to enter their own estimated parameters and arrive at their own conclusions. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Arizona Power Author, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RP Sheahen, TP (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 1784 EP 1789 AR PII S1051-8223(02)05435-0 DI 10.1109/TASC.2002.1020337 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 578KH UT WOS:000177116100003 ER PT J AU Keihm, SJ Bar-Sever, Y Liljegren, JC AF Keihm, SJ Bar-Sever, Y Liljegren, JC TI WVR-GPS comparison measurements and calibration of the 20-32 GHz tropospheric water vapor absorption model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE global positioning satellite (GPS); opacity; path delay; vapor absorption model; water vapor radiometer ID MILLIMETER-WAVE-PROPAGATION; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; DOPPLER TRACKING; PATH DELAY; SPACECRAFT AB Collocated measurements of opacity (from water vapor radiometer brightness temperatures) and wet path delay (from ground-based tracking of global positioning satellites) are used to constrain the model of atmospheric water vapor absorption in the 20-32 GHz band. A differential approach is presented in which the slope of opacity-versus-wet delay data is used as the absorption model constraint. This technique minimizes the effects of radiometric calibration errors and oxygen model uncertainties in the derivation of a best-fit vapor absorption model. A total of approximately five months of data was obtained from two experiment sites. At the Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site near Lamont, OK, three independent water vapor radiometers (WVRs) provided near-continuous opacity measurements over the interval July-September 1998. At the NASA/Goldstone tracking station in the California desert two WVRs obtained opacity data over the September-October 1997 interval. At both sites a global positioning satellite (GPS) receiver and surface barometer obtained the data required for deriving the zenith wet delays over the same time frames. Measured values of the opacity-versus-wet delay slope parameter were obtained at four WVR frequencies (20.7, 22.2, 23.8, and 31.4 GHz) and compared with predictions of four candidate absorption models referenced in the recent literature. With one exception, all three models provide agreement within 5% of the opacity-versus-wet delay slope measurements at all WVR frequencies at both sites. One model provides agreement for all channels at both sites to the 2-3% level. This absorption model accuracy level represents a significant improvement over that attainable using radiosondes. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1199 EP 1210 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.800274 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 578JR UT WOS:000177114500001 ER PT J AU Critchlow, T AF Critchlow, T TI Special section on bioinformatics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Critchlow, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1089-7771 J9 IEEE T INF TECHNOL B JI IEEE T. Inf. Technol. Biomed. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 6 IS 2 BP 101 EP 101 AR PII S1089-7771(02)04904-X DI 10.1109/TITB.2002.1006295 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA 562VF UT WOS:000176219100001 ER PT J AU Sitek, A Klein, GJ Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Sitek, A Klein, GJ Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH TI Deformable model of the heart with fiber structure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE deformable models; SPECT ID FINITE AB A kinematic model of the heart with incompressibility constraints was implemented. It accounts for the effects of the heart fiber structure, which plays a major role in defining the exact motion of the heart during the cardiac cycle. The volume of the heart was divided into small hexahedral elements, and in each element the fiber direction was specified. This allows implementation of nearly any fiber structure and any geometry. We performed preliminary tests on the model. The model was deformed from its initial state to a final configuration. It was assumed that the fibers shorten or elongate to some known new value for each element. This, along with incompressibility constraints, could simulate a beating heart if the elongations of the fibers are known. The model was also deformed using imaging data as a priori information. Simple geometries of the cylinder and ellipsoid were investigated. The model can be used as a tool to help in understanding the movement of the myocardium during the heart cycle, and the impact of infarctions on that movement. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sitek, A (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. OI Sitek, Arkadiusz/0000-0002-0677-4002 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 789 EP 793 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06186-5 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039564 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605GZ UT WOS:000178670800027 ER PT J AU Valentine, JD AF Valentine, JD TI A report from the editor for Nuclear Science Symposium contributions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Valentine, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 843 EP 843 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06322-0 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039573 PN 2 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100001 ER PT J AU James, RB Siffert, P AF James, RB Siffert, P TI Foreword: A message from the RTSD cochairs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP James, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 845 EP 845 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039575 PN 2 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100003 ER PT J AU Blair, R Dawson, J Haberichter, W Schlereth, J Bock, R Bogaerts, A Boosten, M Dobinson, R Dobson, M Ellis, N Elsing, M Giacomini, F Knezo, E Martin, B Shears, T Tapprogge, S Werner, P Hansen, JR Waananen, A Korcyl, K Lokier, J George, S Green, B Strong, J Clarke, P Cranfield, R Crone, G Sherwood, P Wheeler, S Hughes-Jones, R Kolya, S Mercer, D Hinkelbein, C Kornmesser, K Kugel, A Manner, R Muller, M Sessler, M Simmler, H Singpiel, H Abolins, M Ermoline, Y Pineiro, BG Hauser, R Pope, B Sivoklokov, S Boterenbrood, H Jansweijer, P Kieft, G Scholte, R Slopsema, R Vermeulen, J Baines, JT Belias, A Botterill, D Middleton, R Wickens, F Falciano, S Bystricky, J Calvet, D Gachelin, O Huet, M Le Du, P Mandjavidze, I Levinson, L Gonzalez, S Wiedenmann, W Zobernig, H AF Blair, R Dawson, J Haberichter, W Schlereth, J Bock, R Bogaerts, A Boosten, M Dobinson, R Dobson, M Ellis, N Elsing, M Giacomini, F Knezo, E Martin, B Shears, T Tapprogge, S Werner, P Hansen, JR Waananen, A Korcyl, K Lokier, J George, S Green, B Strong, J Clarke, P Cranfield, R Crone, G Sherwood, P Wheeler, S Hughes-Jones, R Kolya, S Mercer, D Hinkelbein, C Kornmesser, K Kugel, A Manner, R Muller, M Sessler, M Simmler, H Singpiel, H Abolins, M Ermoline, Y Pineiro, BG Hauser, R Pope, B Sivoklokov, S Boterenbrood, H Jansweijer, P Kieft, G Scholte, R Slopsema, R Vermeulen, J Baines, JT Belias, A Botterill, D Middleton, R Wickens, F Falciano, S Bystricky, J Calvet, D Gachelin, O Huet, M Le Du, P Mandjavidze, I Levinson, L Gonzalez, S Wiedenmann, W Zobernig, H TI The ATLAS Level-2 Trigger Pilot Project SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE ATLAS; computer network performance; distributed computing; LHC; message passing; object oriented methods; parallel processing; protocols; technology assessment; triggering AB The Level-2 Trigger Pilot Project of ATLAS, one of the two general purpose LHC experiments, is part of the on-going program to develop the ATLAS high-level triggers (HLT). The Level-2 Trigger will receive events at up to 100 kHz, which has to be reduced to a rate suitable for full event-building of the order of 1 kHz. To reduce the data collection bandwidth and processing power required for the challenging Level-2 task it is planned to use Region of Interest guidance (from Level-1) and sequential processing. The Pilot Project included the construction and use of testbeds of up to 48 processing nodes, development of optimized components and computer simulations of a full system. It has shown how the required performance can be achieved, using largely commodity components and operating systems, and validated an architecture for the Level-2 system. This paper describes the principal achievements and conclusions of this project. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London, RHBNC, London, England. Univ London, UCL, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Mannheim, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Blair, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hansen, John/B-9058-2015 OI Hansen, John/0000-0002-8422-5543 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 851 EP 857 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06119-1 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039577 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100005 ER PT J AU Bernstein, A Brunett, BA Hilton, NR Lund, JC Van Scyoc, JM AF Bernstein, A Brunett, BA Hilton, NR Lund, JC Van Scyoc, JM TI The "Radiation Continuity Checker": An instrument for monitoring nuclear disarmament treaty compliance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE arms control; Compton camera; Compton collimation; Compton scattering; disarmament; gamma-ray spectra; monitoring; nuclear weapons; plutonium; radiation detection; treaty verification AB We describe the design and construction of an instrument to monitor compliance with future arms-control treaties. By monitoring changes in the gamma-ray spectrum emitted by a stored nuclear weapon, our device can sense perturbations in the contents of a weapon storage container that would indicate treaty noncompliance. Our instrument, the radiation continuity checker, is designed to detect significant perturbations in fissile material gamma-ray spectra (indicative of tampering) while storing no classified information about the weapon and having a negligible "false alarm rate." In this paper, we describe two prototype instruments and the strategies we have adopted to perform signal processing in these instruments. Our first prototype uses a scintillation spectrometer and a massive tungsten alloy collimator to reject the gamma-ray background. Our second prototype makes use of an active collimation scheme employing a multiple detector Compton scatter approach to reject background radiation. The signal-processing method we employ uses linear algorithms applied pulse by pulse. This eliminates the need for storage of pulse-height spectra, which are in many cases classified. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bernstein, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 864 EP 869 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06094-X DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039580 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100008 ER PT J AU Ahn, SK Kim, JG Perez-Mendez, V Chang, S Jackson, KH Kadyk, JA Wenzel, WA Cho, G AF Ahn, SK Kim, JG Perez-Mendez, V Chang, S Jackson, KH Kadyk, JA Wenzel, WA Cho, G TI GEM-type detectors using LIGA and etchable glass technologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE radiation detector ID GAS AB Gas electron multipliers (GEMS) have been made by a deep X-ray lithography technique (LIGA process) using synchrotron radiation on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and by ultraviolet (UV) processes using a UV etchable glass. The gain, stability, and rate capability for these detectors are described. The LIGA detectors described consist of PMMA sheets of various thicknesses, 125-350 mum, and have 150 x 150 mum(2) holes spaced with a pitch of 300 mum. Thin copper electrodes are plated on the top and bottom surfaces using a Damascene method, followed by electroless plating of the copper onto a palladium-tin-base layer. For various thicknesses of PMMA, measurements have been made of absolute gain versus voltage, time stability of gain, and rate capability. The operating gas mixture was usually Ar/CO2 (70/30) gas, but some tests were also done using P10 gas. We also made GEM-like detectors using the UV etchable glass called Foturan, patterned by exposure to UV light and subsequent etching. A few measurements using these detectors will be reported, including avalanche gain and time stability. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Myoungji Univ, Dept Phys, Young In 449728, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ahn, SK (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RI Cho, Gyuseong/C-1527-2011 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 870 EP 874 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06159-2 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039581 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100009 ER PT J AU Maia, JM Veloso, JFCA Morgado, RE dos Santos, JMF Conde, CAN AF Maia, JM Veloso, JFCA Morgado, RE dos Santos, JMF Conde, CAN TI The micro-hole-and-strip plate gas detector: Experimental results SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE gas electron multiplier; microstrip gas chamber ID AMPLIFICATION AB We report the performance characteristics of a new microstructure, the micro-hole-and-strip plate (MHSP), operated initially as an X-ray proportional counter. The MHSP combines the features of a microstrip plate (MSP) and a gas electron multiplier (GEM) in a single microstructure: Like the GEM, the MHSP is fabricated using flexible printed circuit board technology. The MHSP provides two independent charge-amplification stages: a first stage consisting of slotted holes, operated as a GEM, and a second stage, the MSP anodes, that also function as the final charge-collection electrodes. Two obvious benefits accrue from this design: for a given total gain, the MSP anode-to-cathode voltage can be maintained well below the breakdown threshold and the charge-amplification stages are optically isolated, in anticipation of future applications as a photosensor. Full electron transmission and total gains up to 1000 were achieved; with slotted-hole gains as high as 14. The best energy resolution achieved thus far for 5.9-keV X-rays is 23%. Measurements of gains, electron transmission, and energy resolution, as functions of biasing voltages, are reported. C1 Univ Beira Interior, Dept Phys, P-6201001 Covilha, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maia, JM (reprint author), Univ Beira Interior, Dept Phys, P-6201001 Covilha, Portugal. RI veloso, joao/J-4478-2013; dos Santos, Joaquim/B-3058-2015; Maia, Jorge/K-1344-2015; OI Maia, Jorge/0000-0002-9314-1763; Conde, Carlos/0000-0002-1387-2161; Veloso, Joao/0000-0002-7107-7203; dos Santos, Joaquim Marques Ferreira/0000-0002-8841-6523 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 875 EP 880 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06152-X DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039582 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100010 ER PT J AU Simoes, PCPS Covita, DS Monteiro, CMB dos Santos, JMF Morgado, RE AF Simoes, PCPS Covita, DS Monteiro, CMB dos Santos, JMF Morgado, RE TI A simple approach to X-ray spectrometry with driftless gas proportional scintillation counters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE driftless-GPSC; gas scintillation; X-ray spectrometry ID XENON GASEOUS DETECTORS; DISTORTION AB Driftless gas proportional scintillation counters (GPSCs) are used not only for soft X-ray spectrometry but also for X-rays with energies in the 0.1 to 25-keV region. At the higher energies, however, pulse amplitudes will depend on where the absorption occurred in the detector. Pulse-shape analysis with either analog or digital pulse techniques is required to restore proportionality between the measured pulse and the energy of the X-ray. In this paper, we describe a simpler approach to driftless GPSC spectrometry at higher energies. The method eliminates the requirement for additional analog electronics or digital signal processing with only a modest amount of energy-dependent degradation in overall performance. The approach relies on short amplifier time constants and allows tradeoffs in the design of X-ray spectrometers whose performance requirements do not justify the complexity of a fully compensated system. We report the results of a comprehensive study of the performance characteristics of a driftless GPSC using short time constants with no additional compensation and compare its performance with that of a fully compensated digital system as a function of X-ray energy. C1 Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Simoes, PCPS (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. RI Covita, Daniel/J-5627-2013; dos Santos, Joaquim/B-3058-2015; OI Monteiro, Cristina Maria Bernardes/0000-0002-1912-2804; dos Santos, Joaquim Marques Ferreira/0000-0002-8841-6523 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 912 EP 916 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06123-3 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039588 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100016 ER PT J AU Engels, R Kemmerling, G Rongen, H Schelten, J Cooper, R AF Engels, R Kemmerling, G Rongen, H Schelten, J Cooper, R TI Comparison of neutron scintillation detectors with a He-3 proportional counter for the spallation neutron source (SNS) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE He-3 counter; neutron scintillation detector; spallation neutron source (SNS) AB The performance of scintillation detectors with the advanced scintillator material (LiGd)-Li-6-Gd-158 ((BO3)-B-11)(3) was compared with conventional He-3 proportional counters at the IPNS spallation source at the Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL. The complex neutron and gamma flux was measured with both detector types simultaneously in time-of-flight mode. Initial experiments demonstrated that both detectors have a sensitivity of about 60% for thermal neutrons. In addition, both detectors exhibited the same low gamma sensitivity. C1 Forschungszentrum Juelich GMBH, Zentrallabor Elektron, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Forschungszentrum Juelich GMBH, Inst Schicht & Ionentech, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Engels, R (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Juelich GMBH, Zentrallabor Elektron, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RI Engels, Rutger/A-5984-2010 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 923 EP 925 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06163-4 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039590 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100018 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, D Tavernier, S Dorenbos, P Wisniewska, M Wojtowicz, AJ Bruyndonckx, P van Loef, E van Eijk, CWE Boatner, LA AF Wisniewski, D Tavernier, S Dorenbos, P Wisniewska, M Wojtowicz, AJ Bruyndonckx, P van Loef, E van Eijk, CWE Boatner, LA TI VUV scintillation of LuPO4 : Nd and YPO4 : Nd SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE luminescence; recombination; scintillation ID TRIVALENT LANTHANIDES; CRYSTALS AB LUPO4 : Nd and YPO4 : Nd represent new and very fast potential scintillator materials. For most types of ionizing excitation, the luminescence of these materials is dominated by an emission band whose maximum intensity occurs at about 192 nm. The origin of this band lies in the fast 5d-4f transitions of the Nd3+ ions. An additional contribution due to host-defect emission varies for different samples. These defects appear to be responsible for the limited light yield of LUPo4 : Nd. C1 Free Univ Brussels, Inter Univ Inst High Energies, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. Delft Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wisniewski, D (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Inter Univ Inst High Energies, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM dwisniew@hep.iihe.ac.be; tavernier@hep.iihe.ac.be; P.Dorenbos@IRI.TUDelft.nl; barska@phys.uni.torun.pl; andywojt@phys.uni.torun.pl; bruynd@hep.iihe.ac.be; E.V.D.vanLoef@IRI.TUDelft.nl; C.W.E.vanEijk@IRI.TUDelft.nl; lb4@ornl.gov RI Wojtowicz, Andrzej/D-7418-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Wojtowicz, Andrzej/0000-0001-5788-5987; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 937 EP 940 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06101-4 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039593 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100021 ER PT J AU Raaf, JL Bazarko, AO Garvey, GT Hawker, EA Johnson, RA Mills, GB Pla-Dalmau, A Tayloe, R AF Raaf, JL Bazarko, AO Garvey, GT Hawker, EA Johnson, RA Mills, GB Pla-Dalmau, A Tayloe, R TI Mineral oil tests for the MiniBooNE detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE attenuation; fluorescence; index of refraction; mineral oil AB The MiniBooNE experiment will unambiguously confirm or refute the existence of the neutrino oscillation signal seen by the liquid scintillator neutrino detector (LSND) experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory. MiniBooNE will search for the appearance of electron neutrinos in a beam of union neutrinos. The MiniBooNE detector is a 12-m-diameter sphere filled with mineral oil and instrumented with photomultiplier tubes. The properties of the mineral oil chosen to fill this Cerenkov detector will be important to the experiment. The production of scintillation light in the oil, the attenuation of light across the detector, and the index of refraction of the oil are all important properties that must be known in order to properly model the detector. Fluorescence of the oil, optical dispersion, and oil density are also important quantities. The fluorescence spectra for several pure mineral oils as well as mineral oils doped with a small amount of various fluors were measured to determine the expected scintillation spectra from those oils. Index of refraction measurements were made in order to determine the Cerenkov angle and the dispersion for each oil. Attenuation tests were performed to find an oil with maximal attenuation length and with no abnormal absorption features. This paper presents measurements of some of the oil properties, which are made at Fermilab using several experimental setups. Based on the results of these tests (and a price within budget constraints), Marcol 7 oil was selected for the MiniBooNE experiment.(1) C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Raaf, JL (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. OI Raaf, Jennifer/0000-0002-4533-929X NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 957 EP 962 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06166-X DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039597 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100025 ER PT J AU Fleming, BT Bugel, L Hawker, E Koutsoliotas, S McKenney, S Sandberg, V Smith, D AF Fleming, BT Bugel, L Hawker, E Koutsoliotas, S McKenney, S Sandberg, V Smith, D TI Photomultiplier tube testing for the MiniBooNE experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE Cerenkov detectors; neutrinos; photomultipliers; scintillation detectors ID NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS AB The recent discoveries in the neutrino sector in the Standard Model have opened a new frontier in high-energy physics. Understanding neutrinos and how they interact is crucial to continuing to verify the Standard Model and look beyond Standard Model physics. The MiniBooNE experiment is a (ν) over bar (mu) --> (ν) over bar (e) oscillation search designed to confirm or rule out the neutrino oscillation signal seen by the LSND [1] experiment at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The MiniBooNE detector, a sphere filled with mineral oil and lined with 8-in Hamamatsu photo-multiplier tubes (PMTS), uses Cerenkov imaging to identify nu(mu) and nu(e) interactions. The PMTS are the main detector component and must be well understood. They underwent a series of tests to determine their functionality and figures of merit in order to be placed in the detector, as described here. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Phys, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fleming, BT (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 984 EP 988 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06146-4 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039601 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100029 ER PT J AU Castoldi, A Cattaneo, G Galimberti, A Guazzoni, C Rehak, P Struder, L AF Castoldi, A Cattaneo, G Galimberti, A Guazzoni, C Rehak, P Struder, L TI Room-temperature 2-D X-ray imaging with the controlled-drift detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE controlled-drift detector; fast readout; X-ray imaging; X-ray radiograph ID DEVICE AB The controlled-drift detector is a single-photon counting X-ray imaging silicon detector that features excellent energy and time resolution. Its distinctive feature is the readout of the signal charge packets stored in each pixel column by means of an electrostatic field in few mus. The drift time of the charge packet identifies the pixel of incidence. Several one-dimensional flat images of single pixel columns have been acquired to investigate the achievable position resolution and the improvement of the energy resolution at high frame rates (up to 125 kHz). At 62.5 kHz, the room-temperature energy resolution at the Mn Kalpha line is better than 300 eV full-width at half-maximum. The first two-dimensional X-ray images of different masks carried out at frame frequencies in the range 10-100 kHz, both with radioactive and synchrotron light sources, will be presented. C1 Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Nucl CeSNEF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informazione, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Max Planck Inst, Halbleiterlabor, D-81279 Munich, Germany. RP Castoldi, A (reprint author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Nucl CeSNEF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Guazzoni, Chiara/A-5070-2008 OI Guazzoni, Chiara/0000-0001-6399-8670 NR 6 TC 18 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 989 EP 994 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06134-8 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039602 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100030 ER PT J AU Chen, W De Geronimo, G Li, Z O'Connor, P Radeka, V Rehak, P Smith, GC Yu, B AF Chen, W De Geronimo, G Li, Z O'Connor, P Radeka, V Rehak, P Smith, GC Yu, B TI Active pixel sensors on high-resistivity silicon and their readout SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE active pixel sensors; protein crystallography; silicon radiation detectors; X-ray imaging ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; DETECTORS AB The concept of X-ray active matrix pixel sensor (XAMPS) is introduced. XAMPSs are direct illumination, position sensitive X-ray detectors with the possibility of containing 1000000 pixels. They count the number of diffracted X-rays in each pixel by measuring the total charge released by converted X-rays in the body of the sensor. Readout is accomplished with a relatively small number of channels equal to the square root of the number of pixels. The estimated readout time can be about I ms. Noise of the readout electronics can be so low that practically no additional fluctuations in the number of incident X-rays per pixel are added and, therefore, the XAMPS performance is very close to that of an ideal detector for X-ray crystallography. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rehak@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1006 EP 1011 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06100-2 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039605 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100033 ER PT J AU Yoshida, S Masuda, H Ohsugi, T Fukazawa, Y Yamanaka, K Sadrozinski, HFW Handa, T Kavelaars, A Brez, A Bellazzini, R Latronico, L Yamamura, K Yamamoto, K Sato, K AF Yoshida, S Masuda, H Ohsugi, T Fukazawa, Y Yamanaka, K Sadrozinski, HFW Handa, T Kavelaars, A Brez, A Bellazzini, R Latronico, L Yamamura, K Yamamoto, K Sato, K TI Performance of large-area silicon strip sensors for GLAST SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE GLAST; radiation damage; silicon strip detector ID MICROSTRIP DETECTORS; SPACE TELESCOPE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; DOUBLE-METAL; TRACKER AB We report on the performance of silicon strip sensors for GLAST, produced by Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan. The size of the sensors is 89.5 x 89.5 mm(2). They were processed on 6-in-high resistivity wafers. By now, more than 1000 of ultimately 11500, sensors have been produced, and 622 have been investigated in detail. The average leakage current density is, only, 3.4 nA/cm(2) at 25 degreesC. Such a low leakage current density enables us to screen out a sensor having few strips with high leakage current by looking at the total sensor leakage current instead of measuring individual strip currents. High breakdown voltage is also achieved. Often sensors investigated for high-voltage breakdown, all hold bias voltage up to 500 V without significant increase in the leakage current. The faulty strip rate is about 0.01% of 240 000 strips tested. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Hamamatsu Photon KK, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4358558, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, SCIPP, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Yoshida, S (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1017 EP 1021 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06126-9 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039607 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100035 ER PT J AU Li, Z Abreu, M Eremin, V Granata, V Mariano, J Mendes, PR Niinikoski, TO Sousa, P Verbitskaya, E Zhang, W AF Li, Z Abreu, M Eremin, V Granata, V Mariano, J Mendes, PR Niinikoski, TO Sousa, P Verbitskaya, E Zhang, W TI Electrical and transient current characterization of edgeless Si detectors diced with different methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE charge collection efficiency; cutting/dicing; detectors; edgeless; Si/semiconductors ID SILICON DETECTORS AB High-resistivity p(+)/n/n(+) Si pad detectors (0.25 cm(2)) were diced, using different dicing tools and methods, into a shape having on one edge no dead space ("edgeless detectors"). The dicing was extended into the sensitive area of the front p(+) implant. Two different dicing tools were used: laser cutting and scribing. Dicing methods included cutting from the front p(+) side and from the back n(+) side. It was found that with no chemical or aging treatment of edges cut in this way, all the detectors (diced with different tools and methods) suffered from a very high leakage current of hundreds of muAs to mA at full depletion voltage (V-fd), as compared with a few nA before dicing, when measured the same day after dicing. All such detectors showed breakdown just at or near V-fd similar to 80-100 V However, after one day of room temperature aging in air, the leakage currents at V-fd improved dramatically to 1-2 muA if diced (laser cutting and scribing) from the back side. Also, there was no breakdown up to 500 V There was little improvement over time if the sensor was diced from the front side. After at least one day of aging, detectors diced from the back side showed normal C-V and charge collection behavior. Nevertheless, the remaining leakage seems to be dominated by surface current. Chemical treatment, though, is promising for further reduction of the surface current below 1 muA at V-fd and below 10 muA at 500 V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Algarve, LIP Algarve, P-2000 Faro, Portugal. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Rato Mendes, Pedro/F-8827-2010; Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; OI Rato Mendes, Pedro/0000-0001-9929-0869; Mariano, Jose/0000-0002-8480-617X; Abreu, Maria Conceicao/0000-0003-0093-7496 NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1040 EP 1046 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06125-7 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039611 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100039 ER PT J AU Thomson, EJ Ciobanu, C Chung, JY Gerstenslager, J Hoftiezer, J Hughes, RE Johnson, M Koehn, P Neu, C Sanchez, C Winer, BL Dittmann, J Freeman, J Holm, S Lewis, JD Lin, CJ Shaw, T Wesson, T Bloom, K Gerdes, D Goldschmidt, N Dawson, J Haberichter, W AF Thomson, EJ Ciobanu, C Chung, JY Gerstenslager, J Hoftiezer, J Hughes, RE Johnson, M Koehn, P Neu, C Sanchez, C Winer, BL Dittmann, J Freeman, J Holm, S Lewis, JD Lin, CJ Shaw, T Wesson, T Bloom, K Gerdes, D Goldschmidt, N Dawson, J Haberichter, W TI Online track processor for the CDF upgrade SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF); extremely fast tracker (XFT); online track processor; trigger ID HARDWARE AB A trigger track processor, called the eXtremely Fast Tracker (XFT), has been designed for the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) upgrade. This processor identifies high-transverse-momentum (>1.5 GeV/c) charged particles in the new central outer tracking chamber for CDF II. The XFT design is highly parallel to handle the input rate of 183 Gb/s and the output rate of 44 Gb/s. The processor is pipelined and reports the result for a new event every 132 ns. The processor uses three stages: hit classification, segment finding, and segment linking. The pattern recognition algorithms for the three stages are implemented in programmable logic devices (PLDs) which allow in situ modification of the algorithm at any time. The PLDs reside on three different types of modules. The complete system has been installed and commissioned at CDF II. An overview of the track processor and performance in CDF Run II are presented. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thomson, EJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 7 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1063 EP 1070 AR PII S0018-9499(20)06145-2 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039615 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100043 ER PT J AU Adam, I Aleksan, R Aston, D Bernard, D Bonneaud, G Bourgeois, P Brochard, F Brown, DN Chauveau, J Cohen-Tanugi, J Convery, M Emery, S Ferrag, S Gaidot, A Haas, T Hadig, T de Monchenault, GH Hast, C Hoecker, A Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Krishnamurthy, M Lacker, H London, GW Lu, A Lutz, AM Mancinelli, G Mayer, N Meadows, BT Mir, LM Muller, D Ocariz, J Ofte, I Plaszczynski, S Pripstein, M Ratcliff, BN Roos, L Schune, MH Schwiening, J Shelkov, V Sokoloff, MD Spanier, S Stark, J Telnov, AV Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Vasseur, G Va'vra, J Verderi, M Wenzel, WA Wilson, RJ Wormser, G Yeche, C Yellin, S Zito, M AF Adam, I Aleksan, R Aston, D Bernard, D Bonneaud, G Bourgeois, P Brochard, F Brown, DN Chauveau, J Cohen-Tanugi, J Convery, M Emery, S Ferrag, S Gaidot, A Haas, T Hadig, T de Monchenault, GH Hast, C Hoecker, A Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Krishnamurthy, M Lacker, H London, GW Lu, A Lutz, AM Mancinelli, G Mayer, N Meadows, BT Mir, LM Muller, D Ocariz, J Ofte, I Plaszczynski, S Pripstein, M Ratcliff, BN Roos, L Schune, MH Schwiening, J Shelkov, V Sokoloff, MD Spanier, S Stark, J Telnov, AV Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Vasseur, G Va'vra, J Verderi, M Wenzel, WA Wilson, RJ Wormser, G Yeche, C Yellin, S Zito, M TI Operational experience with the DIRC detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE DIRC; Cherenkov detector; particle identification system; particle identification (PID); BABAR ID BABAR; FIELD AB The DIRC, a novel type of Cherenkov ring imaging device, is the primary hadronic particle identification system for the BABAR detector at the asymmetric B-factory, PEP-II at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. It is based on total internal reflection and uses long, rectangular bars made from synthetic fused silica as Cherenkov radiators and light guides. BABAR began taking data with colliding beams in late spring 1999. This paper describes the performance of the DIRC during the first 2.5 years of operation. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Paris 11, LAL, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Polytech, LPNHE, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. CEA, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Adam, I (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; OI Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1071 EP 1076 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06095-1 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039616 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100044 ER PT J AU Anghinolfi, F Bialas, W Busek, N Ciocio, A Cosgrove, D Fadeyev, V Flacco, C Gilchriese, M Grillo, AA Haber, C Kaplon, J Lacasta, C Murray, W Niggli, H Pritchard, T Rosenbaum, F Spieler, H Stezelberger, T Vu, C Wilder, M Yaver, H Zetti, F AF Anghinolfi, F Bialas, W Busek, N Ciocio, A Cosgrove, D Fadeyev, V Flacco, C Gilchriese, M Grillo, AA Haber, C Kaplon, J Lacasta, C Murray, W Niggli, H Pritchard, T Rosenbaum, F Spieler, H Stezelberger, T Vu, C Wilder, M Yaver, H Zetti, F TI ASIC wafer test system for the ATLAS semiconductor tracker front-end chip SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); integrated circuit testing; LHC experiments; measurement system data handling; particle tracking; silicon radiation detectors AB An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) wafer test system has been developed to provide comprehensive production screening of the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker front-end chip (ABCD3T). The ABCD3T [1] features a 128-channel analog front-end, a digital pipeline, and communication circuitry, clocked at 40 MHz, which is the bunch crossing frequency at the Large Hadron Collider. The tester measures values and tolerance ranges of all critical IC parameters, including do parameters, electronic noise, time resolution, clock levels, and clock timing. The tester is controlled by a field-programmable gate array (ORCA3T) programmed to issue the input commands to the IC and to interpret the output data. This allows the high-speed wafer-level IC testing necessary to meet the production schedule. To characterize signal amplitudes and phase margins, the tester utilizes pin-driver, delay, and digital-to-analog converter chips, which control the amplitudes and delays of signals sent to the IC under test. Output signals from the IC under test go through window comparator chips to measure their levels. A probe card has been designed specifically to reduce pickup noise that can affect the measurements. The system can operate at frequencies up to 100 MHz to study the speed limits of the digital circuitry before and after radiation damage. Testing requirements and design solutions are presented. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. UMM, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, Krakow, Poland. Univ London Queen Mary Coll, London E1 4NS, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. IFIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, SCIPP, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anghinolfi, F (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. OI Lacasta, Carlos/0000-0002-2623-6252 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1080 EP 1085 AR PII S0018-9499(20)06127-0 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039618 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100046 ER PT J AU Datte, PS Manfredi, PF Millaud, JE Placidi, M Ratti, L Speziali, V Traversi, G Turner, WC AF Datte, PS Manfredi, PF Millaud, JE Placidi, M Ratti, L Speziali, V Traversi, G Turner, WC TI Optimization of signal extraction and front-end design in a fast, multigap ionization chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE cold resistance; low-noise signal processing; multigap ionization chamber ID DETECTOR AB This paper discusses the criteria that have been adopted to optimize the signal processing in a shower detector to be employed as a large hadron collider (LHC) beam luminosity monitor. The original aspect of this instrument is its ability to operate on a bunch-by-bunch basis. This means that it must perform accurate charge measurements at a repetition rate of 40 MHz. The detector must withstand an integrated dose of 100 Grad, that is, two to three orders of magnitude beyond those expected in the experiments. To meet the above requirements, an ionization chamber consisting of several gaps of thickness 0.5 mm, filled with a gas that is expected to be radiation resistant, has been designed. Crucial in the development of the system is the signal processing, as the electronics noise may set the dominant limitation to the accuracy of the measurement. This is related to two aspects. One is the short time available for the charge measurement. The second one is the presence of a few meter cable between the detector and the preamplifier, as this must be located out of the region of highest radiation field. Therefore, the optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio requires that the best configuration of the chamber gaps be determined under the constraint of the presence of a cable of nonnegligible length between and detector and preamplifier. The remote placement of the amplifying electronics will require that the front-end electronics be radiation hard, although to a lesser extent than the detector. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Datte, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Traversi, Gianluca/Q-6744-2016; OI Traversi, Gianluca/0000-0003-3977-6976; RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1086 EP 1091 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06103-8 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039619 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100047 ER PT J AU Zhao, T Lubatti, HJ Denisov, D Rucinski, R Abazov, V Malyshev, V Komissarov, E Kalinin, A Alexeev, G Sabirov, B Yatsunenko, Y AF Zhao, T Lubatti, HJ Denisov, D Rucinski, R Abazov, V Malyshev, V Komissarov, E Kalinin, A Alexeev, G Sabirov, B Yatsunenko, Y TI DO forward-angle Muon tracking detector and its gas system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE gas detector; gas system; muon detector; wire chamber AB The design of the new D0 forward angle moon tracking detector and its gas system are described in this paper. The new DO forward muon tracking detector is based on a minidrift tube technology. The minidrift tubes are operated in proportional mode using a fast nonflammable gas mixture. The basic operational characteristics of this gas mixture and the effects of impurities are presented. Special requirements of the gas system that lead to our design choices are discussed. The gas distribution, recirculation, control, and monitoring system are described. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Zhao, T (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1092 EP 1096 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06161-0 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039620 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100048 ER PT J AU Mastromarino, P Humensky, TB Anthony, P Arroyo, C Bega, K Brachmann, A Cates, G Clendenin, J Decker, FJ Fieguth, T Hughes, E Jones, GM Kolomensky, Y Kumar, K Relyea, D Rock, S Saxton, O Szalata, Z Turner, J Woods, M AF Mastromarino, P Humensky, TB Anthony, P Arroyo, C Bega, K Brachmann, A Cates, G Clendenin, J Decker, FJ Fieguth, T Hughes, E Jones, GM Kolomensky, Y Kumar, K Relyea, D Rock, S Saxton, O Szalata, Z Turner, J Woods, M TI Helicity-correlated systematics for SLAC experiment E158 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE beam control; beam monitoring; parity violation; polarized electron beam ID MOLLER SCATTERING ASYMMETRIES; POLARIZED ELECTRON SOURCE AB Experiment E158 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAG) will make the first measurement of parity violation in Moller scattering. The left-right cross-section asymmetry in the elastic scattering of a 45-GeV polarized electron beam with unpolarized electrons in a liquid hydrogen target will be measured to an accuracy of better than 10(-8), with the expected Standard Model asymmetry being approximately 10(-7). Because helicity-correlated (left-right) charge and position asymmetries in the electron beam can give rise to systematic errors in the measurement, great care must be given to beam monitoring and control. We have developed beam current monitors that measure the charge per pulse at the 3 x 10(-5) level and RF cavity beam position monitors that measure the position per pulse to 1 mum, which should allow precisions of 1 ppb and 1 nm for the final integrated charge and position asymmetries, respectively. In addition, since most helicity-correlated systematics in the electron beam can be traced back to the laser that drives the photoemission from the GaAs source cathode, we first use careful control of laser beam polarization, point-to-point imaging, and other techniques to minimize systematics. We also provide the capability of modulating in a helicity-correlated way the laser beam's intensity and position as it strikes the photocathode, allowing the implementation of active feedbacks to ensure that the average charge and position asymmetries integrate close to zero over the course of the experiment. We present this system of precision beam monitoring and control and report on its performance during a recent commissioning run, T-437 at SLAC, which demonstrated charge and position asymmetry precisions of 12 ppb and 2 nm, respectively. C1 CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mastromarino, P (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; OI Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Kumar, Krishna/0000-0001-5318-4622 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1097 EP 1105 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06154-3 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039621 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100049 ER PT J AU Ullan, M Dorfan, D Dubbs, T Grillo, AA Spencer, N Seiden, A Spieler, H Gilchriese, M Lozano, M AF Ullan, M Dorfan, D Dubbs, T Grillo, AA Spencer, N Seiden, A Spieler, H Gilchriese, M Lozano, M TI Ionization damage on ATLAS-SCT front-end electronics considering low-dose-rate effects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE bipolar integrated circuits; bipolar transistors; ionisation damage; low-dose-rate effects (LDRE); radiation detectors; radiation effects ID BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS; HARDNESS ASSURANCE; GAIN DEGRADATION; RADIATION AB Low-dose-rate effects (LDREs) in bipolar technologies complicate the hardness assurance testing for high energy physics applications. The damage produced in the ICs in the real experiment can be underestimated if fast irradiations are carried out, while experiments done at the real dose rate are usually unpractical due to the still high total doses involved. In this work, the sensitivity to LDREs of the two bipolar technologies proposed for the ATLAS-SCT experiment in the LHC at CERN is evaluated, its magnitude measured at the total dose of interest for the transistors, and accelerated tests are performed, when necessary, on the actual ICs using high temperatures in order to mimic the effects of the low dose rate. One of the proposed technologies (DMILL) has been found free of LDREs, thus easing the radiation damage studies performed on it. The other one (CB2) suffers from LDRE. The effects have been measured for the individual devices. Experiments have been carried out to find the temperature that best mimics the LDRE at high dose rates. This temperature has been used in accelerated tests that have been performed on the chip fabricated with this technology in order to obtain the ionization damage that this IC will suffer under the real conditions. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CSIC, CNM, Barcelona 08193, Spain. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Ullan, M (reprint author), CSIC, CNM, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RI Ullan, Miguel/P-7392-2015; Lozano, Manuel/C-3445-2011 OI Lozano, Manuel/0000-0001-5826-5544 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1106 EP 1111 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06133-6 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039622 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100050 ER PT J AU Barish, K Chang, WC Dietzsch, O Ferdousi, T Franz, A Fried, J Fung, SY Gannon, J Harder, J Kandasamy, A Kelley, MA Kotchetkov, D Lebedev, A Li, XH Mahon, J Mioduszewski, S Muniruzzaman, M Nandi, B O'Brien, E O'Connor, P Pisani, R Rankowitz, S Rosati, M Seto, R Takagui, EM Von Achen, W Wang, HQ Xie, W AF Barish, K Chang, WC Dietzsch, O Ferdousi, T Franz, A Fried, J Fung, SY Gannon, J Harder, J Kandasamy, A Kelley, MA Kotchetkov, D Lebedev, A Li, XH Mahon, J Mioduszewski, S Muniruzzaman, M Nandi, B O'Brien, E O'Connor, P Pisani, R Rankowitz, S Rosati, M Seto, R Takagui, EM Von Achen, W Wang, HQ Xie, W TI Front-end electronics for PHENIX time expansion chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE front-end module; preamplifier/shaper; TEC AB Front-end electronics (FEE) has been developed for the PHENIX time expansion chamber (TEC), a multiwire tracking detector with over 20k readout channels. The FEE for the TEC consists of an analog preamplifier-shaping amplifier circuit board, a digital front-end module circuit board plus ancillary support boards for timing, control and communication. Signals from each chamber wire are sampled (similar to40 MHz), digitized, buffered, and then formatted as 64 channel serial data packets to be transmitted via a 1-GHz optical link. Three custom ICs have been designed for this system: 1) octal preamplifier and shaping amplifier with tail cancellation and dual-gain for large dynamic range with full serial control of gain, shaping time and tail; 2) nonlinear 5-b flash ADC with 9-b dynamic range; 3) digital memory unit for programmable delay and memory depth. The FEE has been installed, commissioned, and operated in the PHENIX experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory. C1 Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Barish, K (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1141 EP 1146 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06105-1 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039627 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100055 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Aryaeinejad, R Reber, EL AF Spencer, DF Aryaeinejad, R Reber, EL TI Using the Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier with small photomultipliers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE Cockroft-Walton (C-W) voltage multiplier AB A variation of the basic Cockroft-Walton (C-W) voltage multiplier circuit design may be used to generate multiple voltages at sufficient currents to drive the dynodes of a photomultiplier tube. In a battery-operated handheld device, the current draw on the batteries must be kept to a minimum. Several other parameters must be considered carefully during the design as well. Components must be chosen based on size restrictions, expected load current, expected output voltage range, and the maximum allowable ripple in the output voltage. A prototype surface mount C-W board was designed and tested to power two photomultipliers. The whole system, including the detectors, draws less than 15 mA of supply current with the outputs at 1000 Vdc. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Reber, Edward/B-4742-2017 OI Reber, Edward/0000-0001-8959-5570 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1152 EP 1155 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06160-9 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039629 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100057 ER PT J AU Ashmanskas, W Barchiesi, A Bardi, A Bari, M Baumgart, M Belforte, S Belloni, A Berryhill, J Bogdan, M Carosi, R Cerri, A Chlachidze, G Culberston, R Dell'Orso, M Donati, S Fiori, I Frisch, H Galeotti, S Giannetti, P Glagolev, V Liu, Y Meschi, E Moneta, L Morsani, F Nakaya, T Passuello, D Punzi, G Rescigno, M Ristori, L Sanders, H Sarkar, S Semenov, A Shochet, M Speer, T Spinella, F Wu, X Yang, U Zanello, L Zanetti, AM AF Ashmanskas, W Barchiesi, A Bardi, A Bari, M Baumgart, M Belforte, S Belloni, A Berryhill, J Bogdan, M Carosi, R Cerri, A Chlachidze, G Culberston, R Dell'Orso, M Donati, S Fiori, I Frisch, H Galeotti, S Giannetti, P Glagolev, V Liu, Y Meschi, E Moneta, L Morsani, F Nakaya, T Passuello, D Punzi, G Rescigno, M Ristori, L Sanders, H Sarkar, S Semenov, A Shochet, M Speer, T Spinella, F Wu, X Yang, U Zanello, L Zanetti, AM TI Performance of the CDF online silicon vertex tracker SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF); data acquisition; online tracking; trigger ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION; SVT; DETECTOR; TRIGGER AB The online silicon vertex tracker (SVT) is the new trigger processor dedicated to the two-dimensional (2-D) reconstruction of charged particle trajectories at the Level 2 of the collider detector at Fermilab (CDF) trigger. The SVT links the digitized pulse heights found within the silicon vertex detector to the tracks reconstructed in the central outer tracker by the Level 1 fast-track finder. Preliminary tests of the system took place during the October 2000 commissioning run of the Tevatron Collider. During the April-October 2001 data taking, it was possible to evaluate the performance of the system. In this paper, we review the tracking algorithms implemented in the SVT and we report on the performance achieved during the early phase of run II. C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 San Piero A Grado, PI, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Ashmanskas, W (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Zanetti, Anna/I-3893-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012 OI Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1177 EP 1184 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06136-1 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039633 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100061 ER PT J AU Hall, BK Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, D Hoff, J Kwan, S Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R Zimmermann, S AF Hall, BK Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, D Hoff, J Kwan, S Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R Zimmermann, S TI Development of a readout technique for the high-data-rate BTeV pixel detector at Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc AB The pixel detector for the BTeV experiment at Fermilab provides digitized data from approximately 22 million silicon pixel channels. Portions of the detector are 6 mm from the beam, providing a substantial hit rate and high radiation dose. The pixel detector data will be employed by the lowest level trigger system for track reconstruction every beam crossing. These requirements impose a considerable constraint on the readout scheme. This paper presents a readout technique that provides the bandwidth that is adequate for high hit rates, minimizes the number of radiation-hard components, and satisfies all other design constraints. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hall, BK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1185 EP 1189 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06110-5 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039634 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100062 ER PT J AU Beche, JF Bucher, JJ Fabris, L Riot, VJ Shuh, DK AF Beche, JF Bucher, JJ Fabris, L Riot, VJ Shuh, DK TI High-speed nuclear quality Pulse Height Analyzer for synchrotron-based applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE accelerator instrumentation; dead-time; high resolution; high speed; pulse height analysis AB A high-throughput Pulse Height Analyzer system for synchrotron-based applications requiring high resolution, high processing speed, and low dead-time has been developed. The system is composed of a 120 ns 12-bit nuclear quality analog-to-digital converter with a self-adaptive fast peak detector stretcher and a custom-made fast histogramming memory module that records and processes the digitized data. The histogramming module is packaged in a VME/VXI compatible interface. Data is transferred through a. fast optical link from the memory interface to a computer. A dedicated data acquisition program matches the hardware characteristics of the histogramming memory module. The data acquisition system allows for different data collection modes. The system can acquire data in synchronization with an external trigger or operate as a standard pulse-height analyzer. Acquisition can be performed on several channels simultaneously. A two-channel prototype has been demonstrated at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory accelerator in conjunction with a fluorescence X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy experiment. A detailed description of the entire system is given and experimental data shown. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beche, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1195 EP 1198 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06109-9 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039636 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100064 ER PT J AU Shapira, D Lewis, TA Mueller, PE AF Shapira, D Lewis, TA Mueller, PE TI Tagging of isobars using energy loss and time-of-flight measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE energy loss measurements; isobars; particles seperation and tagging; radioactive ion beams; time-of-flight measurements ID NE-18 AB The technique for tagging isobars in a mixed beam by measuring energy loss by time-of-flight has been tested. With this method, isobar separation should improve by allowing more energy loss (thicker absorber), but only if one can control absorber homogeneity. Measurements of beam energy loss and energy spread obtained under such conditions were shown to be close to predicted values using both collisional and charge exchange contributions to energy straggling. The calculation of energy straggling allows us to study the efficacy of this method for isobar separation when applied to different mass ranges and beam energies. Partial separation in a most difficult case, an analyzed beam of A = 132 isobars at energies near 3 MeV/A, has been demonstrated. The time-of-flight information can be added online as an additional tag to the data stream for events of interest. Such event-by-event tagging enables one to study the effect of differences in isobaric mixture in the beam on the reaction outcome even when isobar separation is not complete. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shapira, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1204 EP 1208 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06158-0 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039638 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100066 ER PT J AU Bebek, C Groom, D Holland, S Karcher, A Kolbe, W Lee, J Levi, M Palaio, N Turko, B Uslenghi, M Wagner, M Wang, G AF Bebek, C Groom, D Holland, S Karcher, A Kolbe, W Lee, J Levi, M Palaio, N Turko, B Uslenghi, M Wagner, M Wang, G TI Proton radiation damage in p-channel CCDs fabricated on high-resistivity silicon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP IEEE, Nucl Plasma Sci Soc DE charge-coupled device (CCD); high-resistivity silicon; radiation damage AB P-channel backside illuminated silicon charge-coupled devices (CCDs) were developed and fabricated on high-resistivity n-type silicon. The devices have been exposed up to 1 x 10(11) protons/cm(2) at 12 MeV The charge transfer efficiency and dark current were measured as a function of radiation dose. These CCDs were found to be significantly more radiation tolerant than conventional n-channel devices. This could prove to be a major benefit for space missions of long duration. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bebek, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013; OI Uslenghi, Michela/0000-0002-7585-8605 NR 10 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1221 EP 1225 AR PII S0018-9499(02)06112-9 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039641 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HC UT WOS:000178671100069 ER PT J AU Ziock, KP Nakae, LF AF Ziock, KP Nakae, LF TI A large-area PSPMT-based gamma-ray imager with edge reclamation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE control; coded aperture imager; gamma-ray detectors; nuclear imaging; position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) ID UNIFORMLY REDUNDANT ARRAYS; X-RAY; PERFORMANCE; ASTRONOMY AB We describe a coded aperture gamma-ray imager that uses a CsI(Na) scintillator coupled to a Hamamatsu R3292 position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) as the position-sensitive detector. We have modified the normal resistor divider readout of the PSPMT to allow use of nearly the full 10-cm diameter active area of the PSPMT with a single scintillator crystal 1 cm thick. This is a significant performance improvement over that obtained with the standard readout technique where the linearity and position resolution start to degrade at radii as small as 3.0 cm with a crystal 0.75 cm thick. This represents a recovery of over 60% of the PSPMT active area. The performance increase allows the construction of an imager with a field of view 20 resolution elements in diameter with useful quantum efficiency from 60-700 keV. In this paper, we describe the readout technique, its implementation in a coded aperture imager, and the performance of that imager. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1552 EP 1559 AR PII S0018-9499(02)05802-1 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.1039699 PN 4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 605HG UT WOS:000178671600005 ER PT J AU Spassovsky, I Gouveia, ES Tantawi, SG Hogan, BP Lawson, W Granatstein, VL AF Spassovsky, I Gouveia, ES Tantawi, SG Hogan, BP Lawson, W Granatstein, VL TI Design and cold testing of a compact TE01 omicron to TE20 square mode converter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gyroklystron; linear accelerator; microwave; mode converter AB In this paper, we discuss a new compact converter, which converts the TE01 circular mode into the TE20 rectangular mode. Compared to the Marie converter, the new device has a significantly shorter length and is, therefore, more suitable for use in evacuated waveguide systems. Both the design efforts and the experimental testing of the prototype are described. Based on computer simulations, this converter has a center frequency of 17.15 GHz, and the predicted power transfer between the desired modes is 99.9%. Results from the low-power testing of the prototype indicate that when the TE20 output mode is split into two equal parts (each in the TE10 rectangular mode), the power transferred to each arm of the split differs by less than 0.15 dB over a 200-MHz bandwidth. This is the first experimental study of a converter based on this design. A high-power version of this device is now being fabricated for use under high vacuum conditions. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ENEA, INN, FIS, LAC, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 787 EP 793 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801498 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200004 ER PT J AU Lopez, MR Gilgenbach, RM Jordan, DW Anderson, SA Johnston, MD Keyser, MW Miyake, H Peters, CW Jones, MC Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Spencer, TA Luginsland, JW Haworth, MD Lemke, RW Price, D AF Lopez, MR Gilgenbach, RM Jordan, DW Anderson, SA Johnston, MD Keyser, MW Miyake, H Peters, CW Jones, MC Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Spencer, TA Luginsland, JW Haworth, MD Lemke, RW Price, D TI Cathode effects on a relativistic magnetron driven by a microsecond E-beam accelerator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE end cap; magnetron; microwave; pulse shortening ID ISX-B TOKAMAK; HIGH-POWER; MICROWAVE SOURCES; EMISSION; EFFICIENCY; FREQUENCY; BAND AB Experiments have been performed on a relativistic magnetron driven at e-beam accelerator peak parameters: voltage = -0.4 MV, current = 16 kA, and pulselength = 0.5 mus. The magnetron is a six-vane device. operating at about 1 GHz with extraction from two cavities. For equal power in both extraction waveguides, the peak microwave power of this device is between 200 and 300 MW. Microwave pulse-shortening limits pulselengths to the range of 10-100 ns. Time-frequency analysis of microwave emission indicates operation at about 1.03 GHz, close to the pi mode frequency identified from cold tests and the three-dimensional MAGIC code. Two cold cathodes were tested: 1) an emitting aluminum knob in the vane region with no endcap and 2) an extended cathode with a graphite fiber emission region in the vanes and endcap outside the vanes. Electron endloss current has been measured for the two cathodes. With no endcap, the cathode exhibited endloss current fraction up to 50% of the total; with one endcap, the cathode reduced the endloss current fraction to as little as 12%. Both cathodes produced peak total-electronic efficiency in the range of 14%-21%. C1 Univ Michigan, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Titan Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Lopez, MR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Frank, David/E-8213-2012 NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 947 EP 955 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801543 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200026 ER PT J AU Petillo, J Eppley, K Panagos, D Blanchard, P Nelson, E Dionne, N DeFord, J Held, B Chernyakova, L Krueger, W Humphries, S McClure, T Mondelli, A Burdette, J Cattelino, M True, R Nguyen, KT Levush, B AF Petillo, J Eppley, K Panagos, D Blanchard, P Nelson, E Dionne, N DeFord, J Held, B Chernyakova, L Krueger, W Humphries, S McClure, T Mondelli, A Burdette, J Cattelino, M True, R Nguyen, KT Levush, B TI The MICHELLE three-dimensional electron gun and collector modeling tool: Theory and design SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beam formation; computer-aided design (CAD); electron gun; MICHELLE; multistage depressed collector; object oriented design; voyager ID SPACE-CHARGE AB The development of a new three-dimensional electron gun and collector design tool is reported. This new simulation code has been designed to address the shortcomings of current beam optics simulation and modeling tools used for vacuum electron devices, ion sources, and charged-particle transport. The design tool specifically targets problem classes including gridded-guns, sheet-beam guns, multibeam devices, and anisotropic collectors, with a focus on improved physics models. The code includes both structured and unstructured grid systems for meshing flexibility. A new method for accurate particle tracking through the mesh is discussed. In the area of particle emission, new models for thermionic beam representation are included that support primary emission and secondary emission. Also discussed are new methods for temperature-limited and space-charge-limited (Child's law) emission, including the Longo-Vaughn formulation. A new secondary emission model is presented that captures true secondaries and the full range rediffused electrons. A description of the MICHELLE code is presented. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Raytheon Co, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. Simulat Technol & Appl Res Inc, Milwaukee, WI USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Chartilly, VA USA. Field Precis, Albuquerque, NM 87192 USA. Boeing Electron Dynam Devices, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Commun & Power Ind Inc, Microwave Power Prod Div, Palo Alto, CA USA. L Commun, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. USN, Res Lab, Vacuum Elect Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. KN Res, Silver Spring, MD 20905 USA. RP Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM jpetillo@bos.saic.com NR 37 TC 97 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1238 EP 1264 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801659 PN 1 PG 27 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UR UT WOS:000180242200060 ER PT J AU Woloszko, J Stalder, KR Brown, IG AF Woloszko, J Stalder, KR Brown, IG TI Plasma characteristics of repetitively-pulsed electrical discharges in saline solutions used for surgical procedures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breakdown in liquids; dissociative excitation; electrical breakdown; electrosurgery; plasma discharges; plasma spectroscopy; surgical tools ID WATER; TECHNOLOGY AB Characteristics of plasmas formed by repetitively-pulsed electrical discharges in sodium chloride and barium chloride saline solutions are reported. Spectroscopic observations in conjunction with an analysis of the voltage and current behavior of the discharge lead to a model in which the liquid is vaporized and ionized to form a plasma containing excited water fragments H* and OH* as well as ions and neutrals from the salt. For typical conditions under which plasma is formed, the plasma density is estimated to be of order 10(12) cm(-3) and the electron temperature about 4 eV. C1 Arthocare Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. Stalder Technol & Res, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Woloszko, J (reprint author), Arthocare Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. NR 29 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 1376 EP 1383 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.801612 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632UU UT WOS:000180242400009 ER PT J AU Bierbaum, RL Brown, TD Kerschen, TJ AF Bierbaum, RL Brown, TD Kerschen, TJ TI Model-based reliability analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE CAD/CAE/CAM/CIM; design margin; electrical modeling; life-prediction; modeling; SPICE; weapon system ID SIMULATION; DIAGNOSIS AB Testing has. typically been a key means of detecting anomalous performance and of providing a foundation for estimating reliability for weapon systems. The objective of model-based reliability analysis (MBRA) is to identify ways to capitalize on the insights gained from physical-response modeling both to supplement the information obtained from testing and to better-understand test results. Five general MBRA processes are identified which can capitalize on physical response modeling results to make both quantitative and qualitative statements about product reliability. A case study that explores. 1 of these 5 processes was completed and is described in detail. It had the benefits: MBRA can be used to determine a performance baseline against which current and future test results can be compared. During the design process, MBRA can provide tradeoff studies such that development time and required test assets can be reduced. MBRA can be used to evaluate the impact, of production and part changes, as well as aging degradation, if they arise during the product life cycle. MBRA lays the foundation to evaluate anomalies that are observed in a test program. Typically it has been challenging to determine how anomalous behavior can manifest itself under different-but still valid-conditions. One can use modeling to inject hypothesized behaviors under different conditions and observe the consequences. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bierbaum, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9529 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 AR PII S0018-9529(02)05619-1 DI 10.1109/TR.2002.1011517 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 564YJ UT WOS:000176340900005 ER PT J AU Seppanen, O Fisk, WJ AF Seppanen, O Fisk, WJ TI Association of ventilation system type with SBS symptoms in office workers SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE air conditioning; humidification; natural ventilation; mechanical ventilation; recirculation; SBS-symptoms; ventilation type ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; PERCEPTION; PREVALENCE; ILLNESSES; HEALTH; RATES; RISK AB This paper provides a synthesis of current knowledge about the associations of ventilation system types in office buildings with sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and discusses potential explanations for the associations. Most studies completed to date indicate that relative to natural ventilation, air conditioning, with or without humidification, was consistently associated with a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of one or more SBS symptoms, by approximately 30 to 200%. In two of three analyses from a single study (assessments), symptom prevalences were also significantly higher in air-conditioned buildings than in buildings with simple mechanical ventilation and no humidification. The available data also suggest, with less consistency, an increase in risk of symptoms with simple mechanical ventilation relative to natural ventilation. Insufficient information was available for conclusions about the potential increased risk of SBS symptoms with humidification or recirculation of return air. The statistically significant associations of mechanical ventilation and air conditioning with SBS symptoms are much more frequent than expected from chance and also not likely to be a consequence of confounding by several potential personal, job, or building-related confounders. Multiple deficiencies in HVAC system design, construction, operation, or maintenance, including some which cause pollutant emissions from HVAC systems, may contribute to the increases in symptom prevalences but other possible reasons remain unclear. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Seppanen, O (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, POB 4100, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. NR 63 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 98 EP 112 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.01111.x PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 566TA UT WOS:000176443300004 PM 12216473 ER PT J AU Thom, AJ Summers, E Akinc, M AF Thom, AJ Summers, E Akinc, M TI Oxidation behavior of extruded Mo5Si3Bx-MOSi2-MoB intermetallics from 600 degrees-1600 degrees C SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE intermetallics; molybdenum silicide; oxidation; extrusion ID SI-B INTERMETALLICS; LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MOSI2 PEST; BORON; COMPOSITES; SILICIDE; MO5SI3 AB The oxidation behavior of Mo5Si3Bx (Tl)-MoSi2-MoB composites fabricated by green extrusion processing was investigated over the temperature range of 600-1600 degreesC in air. Low temperature experiments from 600 to 1000 degreesC revealed that unoxidized material initially forms a mixed molybdenum and silicon oxide scale. The unoxidized material undergoes rapid mass loss over a narrow temperature range of 660-760 degreesC, with complete disintegration of the material occurring at about 730 degreesC. At temperatures above about 760 degreesC. a coherent glassy scale forms to protect the alloy from further oxidation. High temperature oxidation tests from 1150 to 1600 degreesC show that the material forms a continuous glassy scale, 10-20 mum in thickness. which protects the underlying alloy. Steady state oxidation kinetics were not achieved until exposure at 1600 degreesC. due to the effect of contamination introduced during green extrusion processing. The calculated parabolic rate constant Lit 1600 degreesC is 9.7 x 10(-3) mg(2)/cm(4)/h, which compares favorably to that of MoSi2-based materials. The observed oxidation behavior and kinetics over the entire temperature range were not significantly influenced by sample porosity (79% versus 96% of theoretical density). Boron depletion of the near-surface scale was observed at 1150 degreesC, leading to the formation of pure silica in the outer portion of the scale. The extent and rate of boron evaporation increased significantly as temperature increased to 1600 degreesC. Formation of pure silica in the scale implies that oxygen transport through silica must be the rate-limiting step in the high temperature oxidation of these alloys. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Thom, AJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 6 BP 555 EP 570 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00034-1 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00034-1 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 570LP UT WOS:000176660000003 ER PT J AU Zhu, JH Liu, CT Pike, LM Liaw, PK AF Zhu, JH Liu, CT Pike, LM Liaw, PK TI Enthalpies of formation of binary Laves phases SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Review DE Laves phases; thermodynamic and thermochemical properties crystal chemistry of intermetallics ID DIRECT SYNTHESIS CALORIMETRY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CALORIMETRY; STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPIES; HYDROGEN-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; RARE-EARTH; THERMOCHEMICAL DATA AB Enthalpies of formation of binary Laves phases have been critically surveyed and reviewed in this paper. The enthalpy-of-formation data indicate that both geometric and electronic factors are important in stabilizing Laves phases. Analysis of enthalpy data reveals that there are metallic, covalent, and ionic bonds, or a mixed metallic-covalent-ionic bond, in Laves phases. The enthalpies of formation for binary transition-metal lanthanide Laves phases including ReCo2, ReNi2, ReFe2, ReRu2, ReRh2, ReOs2, ReIr2, and RePt2 (Re-lanthanide element), as calculated by the semiempirical Miedema model, are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data. This indicates that Miedema's theory is capable of predicting the enthalpy of formation of transition-metal lanthanide Laves-phase systems. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Haynes Int Inc, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liuct@ornl.gov OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 160 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 6 BP 579 EP 595 AR PII S0966-9795(02)00030-4 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00030-4 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 570LP UT WOS:000176660000005 ER PT J AU Woerdeman, DL Emerson, JA Giunta, RK AF Woerdeman, DL Emerson, JA Giunta, RK TI JKR contact mechanics for evaluating surface contamination on inorganic substrates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE JKR theory; contact mechanics; polymer solid interfaces; surface contamination; epoxy elastomers; epoxy-aluminum adhesion; polymer-metal adhesion ID ADHESION HYSTERESIS; POLYMER MELTS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); CHAINS; FLAT AB The JKR contact mechanics approach is employed to analyze the effects of surface contaminants on adhesive bonding, as well as quantify the level of contamination at which adhesive strength decreases. The contact adhesive forces between two surfaces, one being a soft hemisphere and the other being a hard plate, can readily be determined by applying an external compressive load to join the two surfaces, and by subsequently applying a tensile load to assess the energy dissipation mechanisms involved in the debonding process. In the present work, we monitor the interactions between adiglycidyl epoxy elastomer and an aluminum oxide substrate in the presence of an organic contaminant, as a means to evaluate the level of contamination at a surface. Moreover, we present a method by which surface contamination can be quantified using a single number, referred to as the adhesion hysteresis parameter, H. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Woerdeman, DL (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 257 EP 264 AR PII S0143-7496(02)0002-7 DI 10.1016/S0143-7496(02)00002-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 557FF UT WOS:000175897000009 ER PT J AU Ueda, Y Amano, H Abraham, RH Stewart, HB AF Ueda, Y Amano, H Abraham, RH Stewart, HB TI Basin configuration of a six-dimensional model of an electric power system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article DE power system stability; six-dimensional dynamical system; global configuration of basins of attraction ID TRANSIENT STABILITY AB As part of an ongoing project on the stability of massively complex electrical power systems, we discuss the global geometric structure of contacts among the basins of attraction of a six-dimensional dynamical system. This system represents a simple model of an electrical power system involving three machines and an infinite bus. Apart from the possible occurrence of attractors representing pathological states, the contacts between the basins have a practical importance, from the point of view of the operation of a real electrical power system. With the aid of a global map of basins, one could hope to design an intervention strategy to boot the power system back into its normal state. Our method involves taking two-dimensional sections of the six-dimensional state space, and then determining the basins directly by numerical simulation from a dense grid of initial conditions. The relations among all the basins are given for a specific numerical example, that is, choosing particular values for the parameters in our model. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Math, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Math, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ueda, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1333 EP 1356 DI 10.1142/S021812740200511X PG 24 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 579KB UT WOS:000177176200006 ER PT J AU Sobacchi, MG Saveliev, AV Fridman, AA Kennedy, LA Ahmed, S Krause, T AF Sobacchi, MG Saveliev, AV Fridman, AA Kennedy, LA Ahmed, S Krause, T TI Experimental assessment of a combined plasma/catalytic system for hydrogen production via partial oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE non-equilibrium plasma; corona discharge; catalysis; fuel cells ID NATURAL-GAS; WATER AB A combined reformation system, which includes both auto-thermal catalytic and non-equilibrium plasma units, is studied experimentally. The system is assessed for the practical application of hydrogen production via reforming of liquid gasoline-like fuels. The catalyst has been previously used for reforming of different types of hydrocarbons, demonstrating good performances in terms of hydrogen production for temperatures as high as 800degreesC. In this work, a non-equilibrium plasma source is coupled to the catalytic unit. A pulsed corona reactor is used as a non-equilibrium plasma source at atmospheric pressure. The performances of combined reformation system are characterized experimentally in terms of hydrogen yield and electric power consumption. Hydrogen conversion and byproduct composition are determined and quantified with respect to power consumption, reactor temperature, input reactant composition, and configuration of the experimental setup. (C) 2002 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kennedy, LA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Saveliev, Alexei/G-4981-2011 NR 16 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 6 BP 635 EP 642 AR PII S0360-3199(01)00179-3 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(01)00179-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 545QJ UT WOS:000175228600005 ER PT J AU Yu, W France, DM Wambsganss, MW Hull, JR AF Yu, W France, DM Wambsganss, MW Hull, JR TI Two-phase pressure drop, boiling heat transfer, and critical heat flux to water in a small-diameter horizontal tube SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE pressure drop; boiling heat transfer; critical heat flux; small channel; horizontal flow AB Two-phase pressure drop, boiling heat transfer, and critical heat flux to water were studied in a small horizontal tube of 2.98-mm inside diameter and 0.91-m heated length. Experiments were performed at a system pressure of 200 kPa, mass fluxes of 50-200 kg/m(2)s, and inlet temperatures from ambient to 80 degreesC. Experimental results and comparisons with state-of-the-art predictive correlations are presented. Modifications were made to the Chisholm two-phase multiplier correlation and to the Argonne National Laboratory small-channel boiling heat transfer correlation to better predict the experimental data of the present study. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 335, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 217 Z9 232 U1 5 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD JUN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 6 BP 927 EP 941 AR PII S0301-9322(02)00019-8 DI 10.1016/S0301-9322(02)00019-8 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 559QE UT WOS:000176036200003 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Wu, YS Tsang, CF Bodvarsson, G AF Rutqvist, J Wu, YS Tsang, CF Bodvarsson, G TI A modeling approach for analysis of coupled multiphase fluid flow, heat transfer, and deformation in fractured porous rock SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE modeling fractured rock coupled deformation fluid flow ID MEDIA AB This paper presents the methodology in which two computer codes-TOUGH2 and FLAC3D are linked and jointly executed for coupled thermal-hydrologic-mechanical (THM) analysis of multiphase fluid flow, heat transfer, and deformation in fractured and porous rock. TOUGH2 is a well-established code for geohydrological analysis with multiphase, multicomponent fluid flow and heat transport, while FLAC3D is a widely used commercial code that is designed for rock and soil mechanics with thermomechanical and hydromechanical interactions. In this study, the codes are sequentially executed and linked through external coupling modules: one that dictates changes in effective stress as a function of multi-phase porc pressure and thermal expansion, and one that corrects porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure For changes in stress. The capability of a linked TOUGH-FLAC simulator is demonstrated oil two complex coupled problems related to injection and storage of carbon dioxide in aquifers and to disposal Of nuclear waste in unsaturated fractured porous media. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrutqvist@lbl.gov RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 30 TC 256 Z9 297 U1 21 U2 116 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 EI 1873-4545 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 429 EP 442 AR PII S1365-1609(02)00022-9 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00022-9 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 587BR UT WOS:000177621100003 ER PT J AU Becker, R AF Becker, R TI Ring fragmentation predictions using the Gurson model with material stability conditions as failure criteria SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Material Instabilities and the Effect of Microstructure CY MAY 07-11, 2001 CL UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, AUSTIN, TEXAS SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech HO UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN DE bifurcation; failure; fragmentation; Gurson; material stability ID POROUS PLASTIC SOLIDS; VOID GROWTH; DUCTILE FRACTURE; SHEAR LOCALIZATION; COALESCENCE; NUCLEATION; EXPANSION; METALS; BARS AB The Gurson constitutive model used in combination with failure criteria based on material stability and bifurcation has been used in a finite element model to predict fracture and fragmentation in a dynamic expanding ring experiment. Integration of the constitutive relation is through a two level iteration scheme operating only on scalar equations. It provides a robust solution for the large strain increments expected in shock problems. Numerically efficient failure criteria based on a bifurcation analysis and Drucker's condition for material stability arc evaluated at each integration point and at every time step. The models were used to predict the fracture strain and number of fragments for thin, electromagnetically loaded, expanding rings. The results show good predictions of time to failure. Predictions of the number of fragments are generally good, with the model based on Drucker's hypothesis being better at the higher strain rates. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Becker, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 39 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN-JUL PY 2002 VL 39 IS 13-14 BP 3555 EP 3580 AR PII S0020-7683(02)00170-1 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00170-1 PG 26 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 572AZ UT WOS:000176752500015 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Huang, Y Geubelle, PH Klein, PA Hwang, KC AF Zhang, P Huang, Y Geubelle, PH Klein, PA Hwang, KC TI The elastic modulus of single-wall carbon nanotubes: a continuum analysis incorporating interatomic potentials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Material Instabilities and the Effect of Microstructure CY MAY 07-11, 2001 CL UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, AUSTIN, TEXAS SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech HO UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN DE elastic modulus; carbon nanotube; continuum analysis; interatomic potential ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; YOUNGS MODULUS; ATOMIC-SCALE; AB-INITIO; ROPES; STRAIN; SIMULATION; FRACTURE; MODELS AB A nanoscale continuum theory is established to directly incorporate interatomic potentials into a continuum analysis without any parameter fitting. The theory links interatomic potentials and atomic structure of a material to a constitutive model on the continuum level. The theory is applied to study the linear elastic modulus of a single-wall carbon nanotube. The Young's modulus predicted by this nanoscale continuum theory agrees well with prior experimental results and atomistic studies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI HWANG, Keh-Chih/A-9989-2014; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 NR 66 TC 312 Z9 331 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUN-JUL PY 2002 VL 39 IS 13-14 BP 3893 EP 3906 AR PII S0020-7683(02)00186-5 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00186-5 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 572AZ UT WOS:000176752500032 ER PT J AU De Yoreo, JJ Burnham, AK Whitman, PK AF De Yoreo, JJ Burnham, AK Whitman, PK TI Developing KH2PO4 and KD2 PO4 crystals for the world's most powerful laser SO INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RAPID-GROWTH KDP; COLLOIDAL SILICA; DISLOCATION CORES; KDP(101) SURFACES; OPTICAL COATINGS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; INDUCED DAMAGE; DKDP CRYSTALS; POROUS SILICA; SOLUTION FLOW AB To meet the demands of the National Ignition Facility for a large number of half-metre scale, high quality crystals of KH2PO4 (KDP) and KZ(2)PO(4) (DKDP), the Laser Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has pursued a major effort to develop a method for growing these crystals at high rates. This effort has resulted in a production technology capable of producing half-metre boules at 5 to 10 times the rates previously employed and a technique for applying antireflection coatings to crystal plates cut from these boules. In addition, it has led to quantification of the connection between growth defects and optical performance and a greater understanding of the physics of KDP growth. Here, the accomplishments of this development effort are described. (C) IoM Communications Ltd and ASM International. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP De Yoreo, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Whitman, Pamela/B-2336-2013 NR 124 TC 188 Z9 190 U1 6 U2 52 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0950-6608 J9 INT MATER REV JI Int. Mater. Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 113 EP 152 DI 10.1179/095066001225001085 PG 40 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 585TG UT WOS:000177540200001 ER PT J AU Yi, M Haga, T Walton, C Larson, C Bokor, J AF Yi, M Haga, T Walton, C Larson, C Bokor, J TI "Actinic-only" defects in extreme ultraviolet lithography mask blanks - Native defects at the detection limit of visible-light inspection tools SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Microprocesses and Nanotechnology Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2001 CL KUNIBIKI MESSE, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Amer Vaccum Soc, Assoc Super-Adv Elect Technol, Inst Electr Engineers Japan, Inst Elect Informat & Commun Engineers, Japanese Soc Synchrontron Radiat Res, Japanese Soc Electron Microscopy, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; mask; actinic; defects inspection; at-wavelength AB We present recent experimental results from an actinic defect inspection system for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography mask blanks. The current actinic inspection system has demonstrated the ability to detect 50 run defect in cross correlation experiments with visible-light inspection tool. We found that native defects as small as 60 nm with only 3 nm height were detectable by the actinic tool. These defects are just below the detection limit of current commercial visible-light inspection tools. A new class of defect was discovered, which is quite large, in the several micrometer range, and shows suppressed non-specular EUV scattering intensity as compared to the intrinsic background scatter from the multilayer blanks. Despite their large physical dimensions, these defects are also near the detection limit of current visible-light inspection tools. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NTT Corp, Telecommun Energy Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yi, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Haga, Tsuneyuki/C-3372-2015; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6B SI SI BP 4101 EP 4104 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.4101 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579GF UT WOS:000177169700015 ER PT J AU Muramatsu, Y Takenaka, H Gullikson, EM Perera, RCC AF Muramatsu, Y Takenaka, H Gullikson, EM Perera, RCC TI Total-electron-yield X-ray standing-wave measurements of multilayer X-ray mirrors for interface structure evaluation SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Microprocesses and Nanotechnology Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2001 CL KUNIBIKI MESSE, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Amer Vaccum Soc, Assoc Super-Adv Elect Technol, Inst Electr Engineers Japan, Inst Elect Informat & Commun Engineers, Japanese Soc Synchrontron Radiat Res, Japanese Soc Electron Microscopy, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan ID SURFACE-STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; ROUGHNESS AB Total-electron-yield (TEY) X-ray standing-wave measurements of multilayer X-ray mirrors by monitoring sample photocurrent have been performed to obtain information on their layer/interface structure. This simple TEY X-ray standing-wave method enables simultaneous spectral measurement of the X-ray standing-wave and Bragg reflection, From simultaneous measurement of TEY X-ray standing-wave and Bragg reflection spectra of Mo/SiC/Si multilayers, shrinkage of the layer structure Was observed along with disordering at the interface by annealing. Mapping measurements of the X-ray standing-wave signals in a Mo/Si multilayer can also be achieved on normal incidence, visibly illustrating the spatial distribution of interface structure in the sample plane. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. NTT Corp, Adv Technol Corp, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, 1-1-1 Kouto, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6B SI SI BP 4250 EP 4252 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.4250 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579GF UT WOS:000177169700045 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Hur, SM Kim, HJ Yoon, CS Lee, YT Kang, IY Chung, YC Yi, M Bok, CK Kim, O Ahn, J AF Lee, SY Hur, SM Kim, HJ Yoon, CS Lee, YT Kang, IY Chung, YC Yi, M Bok, CK Kim, O Ahn, J TI Analysis of multilayer structure for reflection of extreme-ultraviolet wavelength SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Microprocesses and Nanotechnology Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2001 CL KUNIBIKI MESSE, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Amer Vaccum Soc, Assoc Super-Adv Elect Technol, Inst Electr Engineers Japan, Inst Elect Informat & Commun Engineers, Japanese Soc Synchrontron Radiat Res, Japanese Soc Electron Microscopy, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan DE EUVL; NGL; Mo/Si; multilayer; reflectivity; d-spacing ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MO-SI MULTILAYER; LITHOGRAPHY; MIRRORS AB Mo/Si multilayers deposited by sputtering for application to extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) reflectors have been characterized. Si rice the control of d-spacing is critical for achieving higher reflectivity. an effective and accurate d-spacing measurement technology is required. Although cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) and low-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) are standard methods for evaluating multilayers. they provide different d-spacing values front each other. Cross-sectional TIN images can allow direct measurement of individual layers and cannot reveal tire optical behavior of the multilayer. On the other hand, low-angle XRD analysis can provide the resultant d-spacing which includes nonideal factors. As a result look-angle XRD can predict the EUV peak position more precisely than TEM analysis. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Hanyang Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hynix Elect, Memory Res & Dev Div, Kyonggi Do 467701, South Korea. POSTECH, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Kyungbuk 790784, South Korea. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6B SI SI BP 4086 EP 4090 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.4086 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579GF UT WOS:000177169700013 ER PT J AU Anderson, IE Cook, BA Harringa, JL Terpstra, RL AF Anderson, IE Cook, BA Harringa, JL Terpstra, RL TI Sn-Ag-Cu solders and solder joints: Alloy development, microstructure, and properties SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Slow cooling of Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Ag-Cu-X (X = Fe, Co) solder-joint specimens made by hand soldering simulated reflow in surface-mount assembly to achieve similar as-solidified joint microstructures for realistic shear-strength testing, using Sn-3.5Ag (wt.%) as a baseline. Minor substitutions of either cobalt or iron for copper in Sn-3.7Ag-0.9Cu refined the joint matrix microstructure, modified the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic phase at the copper substrate/solder interface, and increased the shear strength. At elevated (150degreesC) temperature, no significant difference in shear strength was found in all of the alloys studied. Ambient temperature shear strength was reduced by large-scale tin dendrites in the joint microstructure, especially by the coarse dendrites in solute poor Sn-Ag-Cu. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, 222 Met Dev Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 54 IS 6 BP 26 EP 29 DI 10.1007/BF02701845 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 560HA UT WOS:000176075600004 ER PT J AU Song, HG Morris, JW Hua, F AF Song, HG Morris, JW Hua, F TI The creep properties of lead-free solder joints SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION; TIN AB This paper describes the creep behavior of three tin-rich solders that have become candidates for use in lead-free solder joints: Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3Ag-0.50Cu, and Sn-0.7Cu. The three solders show the same general behavior when tested in thin Joints between copper and Ni/Au metallized pads at temperatures between 60degreesC and 130degreesC. Their steady-state creep rates are separated into two regimes with different stress exponents. The low-stress exponents range from similar to3-6, while the high-stress exponents are anomalously high (7-12). Strikingly, the high-stress exponent has a strong temperature dependence near room temperature, increasing significantly as the temperature drops from 95degreesC to 60degreesC. The anomalous creep behavior of the solders appears to be due to the dominant tin constituent. Research on creep in bulk samples of pure tin suggests that the anomalous temperature dependence of the stress exponent may show a change in the dominant mechanism of creep. Whatever its source, it has the consequence that conventional constitutive relations for steady-state creep must be used with caution in treating tin-rich solder Joints, and qualification tests that are intended to verify performance should be carefully designed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Intel Corp, Mat Technol Operat, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. RP Morris, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Lab Mailstop 66-200,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 54 IS 6 BP 30 EP 32 DI 10.1007/BF02701846 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 560HA UT WOS:000176075600005 ER PT J AU Masse, WB AF Masse, WB TI Ceramics and community organization among the Hohokam. SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Masse, WB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA DEPT ANTHROPOLOGY, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1561 USA SN 0091-7710 J9 J ANTHROPOL RES JI J. Anthropol. Res. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 58 IS 2 BP 281 EP 282 PG 2 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 565WJ UT WOS:000176392200014 ER PT J AU Li, JH Forrest, RL Moss, SC Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Bai, J AF Li, JH Forrest, RL Moss, SC Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Bai, J TI Determination of the order parameter of CuPt-B ordered GaInP2 films by x-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AL1-XINXAS THIN-FILMS; LONG-RANGE ORDER; ALLOY; GAXIN1-XP; TEM AB We present quantitative characterization of atomic ordering in semiconductor alloy films by x-ray diffractometry. In particular, we show that the order parameter of CuPt-B ordered GaInP2 films can be determined without measuring the fundamental reflections or examining structural details of the ordered domains. Our method is based on the fact that the ordering peak is modulated by statistical displacements of atom planes, which is a function of the degree of ordering. Therefore, by comparing two or more ordering peaks in an x-ray spectrum, the order parameter of an ordered film can be extracted solely for those regions that are, in fact, ordered. The method can straightforwardly be extended to other ordered alloys. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 11 BP 9039 EP 9042 DI 10.1063/1.1476971 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZU UT WOS:000175708900017 ER PT J AU Schuh, CA AF Schuh, CA TI Dynamic steady state during cyclic diffusional phase transformations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE METHOD; NUMERICAL TREATMENT; MOVING INTERFACE; SUPERPLASTICITY; TITANIUM; HYDROGEN; COEFFICIENTS AB The problem of cyclic diffusional charging/discharging of a plane sheet specimen is analyzed theoretically, for the unique case where chemical diffusion propagates moving phase boundaries. This cyclic variation of the classical Stefan moving boundary problem introduces additional complexities associated with the interaction and annihilation of phase boundaries. Using a finite difference method with local mesh adaptations to allow for the moving phase boundaries, the dynamic steady state condition has been investigated as a function of the cycle duration and shape, and with various equilibrium concentrations at the phase boundaries. Two main classes of steady state behavior are observed, involving either complete phase transformations on each cycle (type-C steady state) or incomplete transformations where the specimen remains primarily in one phase, only partially transforming on each cycle (type-I steady state). Maps of the steady state character have been developed for various conditions, and the results of many simulations are synthesized into guidelines for prediction of the steady state. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schuh, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schuh, Christopher/C-7947-2009 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 11 BP 9083 EP 9090 DI 10.1063/1.1476081 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZU UT WOS:000175708900024 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JT Trzebiatowski, JR Cruickshank, RW Gouzy, J Brown, SD Elliot, RM Fleetwood, DJ McCallum, NG Rossbach, U Stuart, GS Weaver, JE Webby, RJ de Bruijn, FJ Ronson, CW AF Sullivan, JT Trzebiatowski, JR Cruickshank, RW Gouzy, J Brown, SD Elliot, RM Fleetwood, DJ McCallum, NG Rossbach, U Stuart, GS Weaver, JE Webby, RJ de Bruijn, FJ Ronson, CW TI Comparative sequence analysis of the symbiosis island of Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; CBB(3)-TYPE CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RHIZOBIUM-ETLI; NITROGEN-FIXATION; SECRETION SYSTEMS; MOLECULAR-BASIS AB The Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A symbiosis island is a 502-kb chromosomally integrated element which transfers to nonsymbiotic mesorhizobia in the environment, converting them to Lotus symbionts. It integrates into a phenylalanine tRNA gene in a process mediated by a P4-type integrase encoded at the left end of the element. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the island and compared its deduced genetic complement with that reported for the 611-kb putative symbiosis island of M. loti strain MAFF303099. The two islands share 248 kb of DNA, with multiple deletions and insertions of up to 168 kb interrupting highly conserved colinear DNA regions in the two strains. The shared DNA regions contain all the genes likely to be required for Nod factor synthesis, nitrogen fixation, and island transfer. Transfer genes include a trb operon and a cluster of potential tra genes which are also present on the strain MAFF303099 plasmid pMLb. The island lacks plasmid replication genes, suggesting that it is a site-specific conjugative transposon. The R7A island encodes a type IV secretion system with strong similarity to the vir pilus from Agrobacterium tumefaciens that is deleted from MAFF303099, which in turn encodes a type III secretion system not found on the R7A island. The 414 genes on the R7A island also include putative regulatory genes, transport genes, and an array of metabolic genes. Most of the unique hypothetical genes on the R7A island are strain-specific and clustered, suggesting that they may represent other acquired genetic elements rather than symbiotically relevant DNA. C1 Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol, Dunedin 9000, New Zealand. Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. INRA, CNRS, UMR 215, Lab Biol Mol Relat Plantes Microorganismes, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. RP Ronson, CW (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Microbiol, 720 Cumberland St,POB 56, Dunedin 9000, New Zealand. RI Brown, Steven/A-6792-2011; OI Brown, Steven/0000-0002-9281-3898; Ronson, Clive/0000-0002-2217-9676 NR 70 TC 187 Z9 200 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 184 IS 11 BP 3086 EP 3095 DI 10.1128/JB.184.11.3086-3095.2002 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 552AP UT WOS:000175596400029 PM 12003951 ER PT J AU Dillon, CT Lay, PA Kennedy, BJ Stampfl, APJ Cai, ZH Ilinski, P Rodrigues, W Legnini, DG Lai, B Maser, J AF Dillon, CT Lay, PA Kennedy, BJ Stampfl, APJ Cai, ZH Ilinski, P Rodrigues, W Legnini, DG Lai, B Maser, J TI Hard X-ray microprobe studies of chromium(VI)-treated V79 Chinese hamster lung cells: intracellular mapping of the biotransformation products of a chromium carcinogen SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chromium; cancer; synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray emission mapping; mammalian cells ID SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; IN-VITRO; CROSS-LINKS; CR(III) COMPLEXES; INTACT-CELLS; PLASMID DNA; CHROMATE; GENOTOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; GENERATION AB The uptake of carcinogenic and mutagenic Cr compounds and the intracellular distribution of their biotransformation products in V79 Chinese hamster lung cells were studied by sync hrotron-radiation-induced X-ray emission (SRIXE). SRIXE analysis was performed on whole cells that had been treated with either Cr(III) or Cr(V) 1,10-phenanthroline complexes, or Cr(VI). The high spatial resolution (0.3 mum) and elemental sensitivity (similar to10-15 g Cr/cell) of the technique provided detailed maps of Cr and other cellular elements in thin sections prepared from Cr(VI)-treated cells. The Cr carcinogen concentrated in P-rich regions corresponding to the nucleus, as well as other areas of the cell that are likely to correspond to organelles. This is the first study that has enabled the determination of the localization of the biotransformation products of Cr(VI) carcinogens in a target lung cell. Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer Link server located at http://dx.dol.org/ 10. 1007/s00775-002-0343-5. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Heavy Met Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Div Phys, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lay, PA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Heavy Met Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM p.lay@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Lay, Peter/B-4698-2014; OI Lay, Peter/0000-0002-3232-2720; Kennedy, Brendan/0000-0002-7187-4579 NR 43 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 6 BP 640 EP 645 DI 10.1007/s00775-002-0343-5 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 573FM UT WOS:000176818700009 PM 12072970 ER PT J AU Abreu, IA Xavier, AV LeGall, J Cabelli, DE Teixeira, M AF Abreu, IA Xavier, AV LeGall, J Cabelli, DE Teixeira, M TI Superoxide scavenging by neelaredoxin: dismutation and reduction activities in anaerobes SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material DE superoxide; detoxification; neelaredoxin; dismutase; reductase ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS ATCC-27774; ARCHAEON ARCHAEOGLOBUS-FULGIDUS; RBO GENE-PRODUCT; DESULFOARCULUS-BAARSII; OXYGEN DETOXIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VULGARIS HILDENBOROUGH; TRANSCRIPTIONAL UNIT; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; GIGAS NEELAREDOXIN AB A superfamily of mononuclear iron proteins, originally named desulfoferrodoxin and neelaredoxin, has been identified by in vivo and in vitro studies as scavengers of the superoxide anion radical. These proteins, whose genes are present in all the so-far known genomes from anaerobes and in the microaerophilic pathogen Treponema pallidum, show not only a considerable amino acid sequence identity but, most importantly, a common active iron site, Fe[His(4)CysGlu], in the oxidized state which loses the glutamate ligand in the reduced form. The experimental evidence for the activity of these proteins as superoxide dismutases or as donor:superoxide oxidoreductases is discussed in this Commentary, giving particular emphasis to the neelaredoxin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, P-2780156 Oeiras, Portugal. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30622 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Teixeira, M (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, Rua Quinta Grande 6, P-2780156 Oeiras, Portugal. RI Abreu, Isabel/I-5081-2013; Teixeira, Miguel/A-9098-2011 OI Abreu, Isabel/0000-0002-5566-2146; Teixeira, Miguel/0000-0003-4124-6237 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 6 BP 668 EP 674 DI 10.1007/s00775-002-0363-1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 573FM UT WOS:000176818700015 PM 12072976 ER PT J AU McCoy, JD Curro, JG AF McCoy, JD Curro, JG TI Conjectures on the glass transition of polymers in confined geometries SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; LIQUIDS; SURFACE; DYNAMICS; PORES; DEPENDENCE; THICKNESS; BEHAVIOR AB We hypothesize that the shift of the glass transition temperature of polymers in confined geometries can be largely attributed to the inhomogeneous density profile of the liquid. Accordingly, we assume that the glass temperature in the inhomogeneous state can be approximated by the T-g of a corresponding homogeneous, bulk polymer, but at a density equal to the average density of the inhomogeneous system. Simple models based on this hypothesis give results which are in agreement with experimental measurements of the glass transition of confined liquids. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McCoy, JD (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RI McCoy, John/B-3846-2010 OI McCoy, John/0000-0001-5404-1404 NR 26 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 21 BP 9154 EP 9157 DI 10.1063/1.1481379 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 550DA UT WOS:000175487300003 ER PT J AU Makri, N Miller, WH AF Makri, N Miller, WH TI Coherent state semiclassical initial value representation for the Boltzmann operator in thermal correlation functions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; TIME-CORRELATION FUNCTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; DYNAMICS; PROPAGATION; PHASE; APPROXIMATIONS; MECHANICS; FREEDOM; MATRIX AB A semiclassical methodology for evaluating the Boltzmann operator entering semiclassical approximations for finite temperature correlation functions is described. Specifically, Miller's imaginary time semiclassical approach is applied to the Herman-Kluk coherent state initial value representation (IVR) for the time evolution operator in order to obtain a coherent state IVR for the Boltzmann operator. The phase-space representation gives rise to exponentially decaying factors for the coordinates and momenta of the real time trajectories employed in the dynamical part of the calculation. A Monte Carlo procedure is developed for evaluating dynamical observables, in which the absolute value of the entire exponential part of the integrand serves as the sampling function. Numerical tests presented show that the methodology is accurate as well as stable over the temperature range relevant to chemical applications. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Makri, N (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 55 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 21 BP 9207 EP 9212 DI 10.1063/1.1472518 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 550DA UT WOS:000175487300009 ER PT J AU Koput, J Peterson, KA AF Koput, J Peterson, KA TI The ab initio potential energy surface and vibrational-rotational energy levels of dilithium monoxide, Li2O SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; LIOLI MOLECULE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; LITHIUM ATOMS; CLUSTERS; OXIDES; SYSTEMS AB The equilibrium structure and potential energy surface of dilithium monoxide, Li2O, have been determined from large-scale ab initio calculations using the coupled-cluster method, CCSD(T), with basis sets of double- through quintuple-zeta quality. The effects of core-electron correlation on the calculated molecular parameters were investigated. The vibrational-rotational energy levels of the (LiOLi)-Li-7-Li-7 and (LiOLi)-Li-6-Li-7 isotopic species were calculated by a variational approach. A comparison with results of recent experimental high-resolution studies is presented. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Chem, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Koput, J (reprint author), Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Dept Chem, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 21 BP 9255 EP 9260 DI 10.1063/1.1476015 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 550DA UT WOS:000175487300016 ER PT J AU Xu, QH Ma, YZ Stiopkin, IV Fleming, GR AF Xu, QH Ma, YZ Stiopkin, IV Fleming, GR TI Wavelength-dependent resonant homodyne and heterodyne transient grating spectroscopy with a diffractive optics method: Solvent effect on the third-order signal SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED PHOTON-ECHO; DETERMINISTIC PROTEIN MOTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE LIQUIDS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; INTRAMOLECULAR VIBRATIONS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; 3RD-ORDER; SCATTERING; COHERENCE; LASER AB We carried out a wavelength-dependent homodyne and heterodyne transient grating (TG) studies on a resonant system, rhodamine 640 in dimethylsulfoxide, with a simplified diffractive optics method. The real and imaginary components of the third-order molecular polarization at different excitation wavelengths have a similar longtime decay (>200 fs), while the amplitude of the real component is strongly wavelength dependent. The nonresonant solvent and the resonant solute contributions to the third-order polarization are found to have a similar magnitude in a dilute solution. The interference of the wavelength-dependent resonant solute contributions with the nonresonant solvent contribution is found to be crucial to properly understand the wavelength dependence of the initial dynamics in homodyne TG and other four-wave mixing techniques. Such an interference effect is further confirmed by concentration-dependent homodyne TG measurements. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, QH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Xu, Qing-Hua/B-1478-2013; Ma, Yingzhong/L-6261-2016 OI Xu, Qing-Hua/0000-0002-4153-0767; Ma, Yingzhong/0000-0002-8154-1006 NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 21 BP 9333 EP 9340 DI 10.1063/1.1473653 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 550DA UT WOS:000175487300025 ER PT J AU Morris, JR Song, XY AF Morris, JR Song, XY TI The melting lines of model systems calculated from coexistence simulations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LENNARD-JONES SYSTEM; SOLID-FLUID COEXISTENCE; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; TRIPLE-POINT; FREE-ENERGY; ENSEMBLE; PHASES AB We have performed large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of coexisting solid and liquid phases using 4epsilon(sigma/r)(n) interactions for n=9 and n=12, and for Lennard-Jones systems, in order to calculate the equilibrium melting curve. The coexisting systems evolve rapidly toward the melting temperature. The P-T melting curves agree well with previous calculations, as do the other bulk phase properties. The melting curve for the Lennard-Jones system, evaluated using various truncations of the potential, converges rapidly as a function of the potential cutoff, indicating that long-range corrections to the free energies of the solid and liquid phases very nearly cancel. This approach provides an alternative to traditional methods of calculating melting curves. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Morris, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 18 TC 167 Z9 169 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 21 BP 9352 EP 9358 DI 10.1063/1.1474581 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 550DA UT WOS:000175487300027 ER PT J AU Huber, BS Allred, DV Carmen, JC Frame, DD Whiting, DG Cryan, JR Olson, TR Jackson, PJ Hill, K Laker, MT Robison, RA AF Huber, BS Allred, DV Carmen, JC Frame, DD Whiting, DG Cryan, JR Olson, TR Jackson, PJ Hill, K Laker, MT Robison, RA TI Random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses of Pasteurella multocida isolates from fatal fowl cholera infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURKEYS; AFLP; MARKERS; RAPD; SEROTYPE-3,4; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; VACCINE; IMPACT AB Fowl cholera, a disease caused by Pasteurella multocida, continues to be a major problem for the poultry industry. The sources of pathogenic organisms responsible for most sporadic epidemics remain unconfirmed, although attenuated vaccines that retain a low level of virulence have occasionally been implicated in outbreaks of the disease. One of the vaccines most commonly used to prevent fowl cholera is the M-9 strain. In the present study, 61 clinical isolates from turkeys that died of fowl cholera from 1997 to 1999 on 36 Utah farms were analyzed and compared to the M-9 vaccine strain. Genetic analyses of the isolates were done by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. The results of these genetic analyses were correlated with the vaccination status of the flock, isolate serotype, and geographic location. Although both genetic techniques effectively identified similar subtle genomic differences, RAPD analysis provided only 77% of the detail provided by AFLP analysis. While a relationship between genetic profile and serotype was evident, no significant relationship indicating geographic influence was found (P = 0.351). Interestingly, organisms isolated from vaccinated flocks were significantly closer genetically to the M-9 vaccine strain than isolates from unvaccinated birds were (P = 0.020). Statistical analyses revealed that this relationship could not have been determined by serotyping alone (P = 0.320), demonstrating the value of AFLP and RAPD analyses in the characterization of disease-causing strains. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Microbiol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Zool, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Moroni Feed Co, Moroni, UT 84646 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Robison, RA (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Microbiol, 791 Widtsoe Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 2163 EP 2168 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.6.2163-2168.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 561TR UT WOS:000176159200043 PM 12037081 ER PT J AU Planinic, P Rastija, V Sirac, S Vojnovic, M Frkanec, L Brnicevic, N McCarley, RE AF Planinic, P Rastija, V Sirac, S Vojnovic, M Frkanec, L Brnicevic, N McCarley, RE TI Nitrile cluster compounds [(M6X12)X-2(RCN)(4)] (M=Nb, Ta; X=Cl, Br; R=Et, n-Pr, n-Bu) SO JOURNAL OF CLUSTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hexanuclear niobium clusters; hexanuclear tantalum clusters; nitrile complexes; mixed-ligand complexes ID X = CL; HEXANUCLEAR NIOBIUM; TANTALUM CLUSTERS; COMPLEXES; METAL AB Three new series of mixed-ligand clusters of the [(M6X12)X-2(RCN)(4)] (M=Nb, Ta; X=Cl, Br; R=Et, n-Pr, n-Bu) composition have been prepared. It is supposed that four nitrile molecules and two halogen atoms are coordinated to the terminal octahedral coordination sites of the [M6X12](2+) unit. C1 Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Div Mat Chem, Zagreb 10002, Croatia. Josip Juraj Strossmayer Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Chem, Osijek 31001, Croatia. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Div Organ Chem, Zagreb 10002, Croatia. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Planinic, P (reprint author), Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Div Mat Chem, POB 180, Zagreb 10002, Croatia. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-7278 J9 J CLUST SCI JI J. Clust. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 AR UNSP 1040-7278/02/0600-0215/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015548002135 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 554CH UT WOS:000175715300004 ER PT J AU Ying, TY Yang, KL Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C AF Ying, TY Yang, KL Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C TI Electrosorption of ions from aqueous solutions by nanostructured carbon aerogel SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrosorption; carbon aerogel; electrical double layer; nanostructured material ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITANCE; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; ELECTRODES; DEIONIZATION; ADSORPTION AB Electrosorption is generally defined as potential-induced adsorption on the surface of charged electrodes. After polarization of the electrodes, ions are removed from the electrolyte solution by the imposed electric field and adsorbed onto the surface of the electrodes. Experimental and modeling studies were conducted using two types of carbon aerogel composites of different surface areas to provide a better understanding on the mechanisms of electrosorption. The experimental results revealed that no significant specific adsorption of F- ions occurred, while strong specific adsorption was observed for NO3 and Cu2+ ions. In addition, although the two types of carbon aerogel electrodes had different surface areas, their capacities were found to be very similar because of the electrical double-layer overlapping effect in micropores. An electrical double-layer model developed in our previous work (16), in which the electrical double-layer overlapping correction is included, is expanded in the present work by considering the effect of the specific adsorption on the electrosorption process. Modeling results were compared with experimental data obtained under various conditions. When the overlapping effect and specific adsorption were considered, the model provided results that were in good agreement with experimental data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yiacoumi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Yang, Kun-Lin/C-2247-2011; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Yang, Kun-Lin/0000-0002-7958-9334; Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 23 TC 140 Z9 154 U1 7 U2 53 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 250 IS 1 BP 18 EP 27 DI 10.1006/jcis.2002.8314 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 555PA UT WOS:000175801400003 PM 16290630 ER PT J AU Lumetta, GJ Sell, RL McNamara, BK AF Lumetta, GJ Sell, RL McNamara, BK TI Thermal decomposition of neodymium amide complexes SO JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE neodymium; thermal analysis; dimethylformamide; dimethylacetamide ID NITRIC-ACID SOLUTION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS; FISSION-PRODUCTS; U(VI); PLUTONIUM(IV); MALONAMIDES; ACTINIDES; MIXTURES; DIAMIDE AB The decomposition of NdCl3L (L = NN-dimethylformamide [DMF] or N,N-dimethyacetamide [DMA]) compounds has been investigated by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA and DTA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. When heated in air, the NdCl3L compounds decompose by a mechanism involving oxidation of the amide ligand to CO2 and HCl. Some free armide is also released in the thermal decomposition in air. However, when heated under nitrogen, clean release of DMA or DNIF is observed. In both cases, the amide is released two steps. From 30 to 40% of the amide is initially released with little or no associated enthalpy as measured by DTA. As the temperature is increased, the remaining 60 to 70% of the amide is released via an endothermic process. The enthalpy for this release is 53.1 +/- 3.8 kJ/mole for DMF and 40.9 +/- 1.1 kJ/mole for DMA, suggesting that DNIF binds more strongly to Nd(III) than does DMA. Steric effects caused by the additional methyl group in DMA might be responsible for the weaker binding of this amide compared to DMF. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lumetta, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0095-8972 J9 J COORD CHEM JI J. Coord. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 6 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1080/00958970290027516 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 556CV UT WOS:000175832500006 ER PT J AU Zaitseva, N Carman, L Smolsky, I AF Zaitseva, N Carman, L Smolsky, I TI Habit control during rapid growth of KDP and DKDP crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE X-ray topography; growth from solutions; phosphates; potassium compounds; non-linear optical materials ID KH2PO4 CRYSTALS; SUPERSATURATION; ENERGY; LAYER; ADP AB KDP and DKDP crystals of various habits were grown at rates of 10-20 mm/day to linear sizes near 90 cm. The ratio of dimensions along the crystallographic axes was controlled by two methods: (1) creation of special dislocation structures during the seed regeneration process and (2) change in the orientation of the seed. The methods to control crystal habit and dislocation structure during subsequent growth are described. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM zaitseva1@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN PY 2002 VL 241 IS 3 BP 363 EP 373 AR PII S0022-0248(02)01244-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01244-7 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 566HB UT WOS:000176419900014 ER PT J AU Winters, SE Chung, JH Velinsky, SA AF Winters, SE Chung, JH Velinsky, SA TI Modeling and control of a deformable mirror SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; SHAPE AB A multi-input multi-output surface shape control system model is developed to study wavefront aberration correction. The plant model represents a deformable mirror and utilizes a finite element model that is validated using an actual prototype deformable mirror and an interferometer system. The sensor model is based on a Shack-Hartmann sensor, and the controller model is based on a least squares approach. The control system model is used to compare an available Gaussian model with the validated finite element model. Results clearly show the efficacy of the approach and the superiority of the finite element based method. The control approach is expected to be implemented on the adaptive optics system of the National Ignition Facility. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Winters, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1115/1.1470175 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 555LW UT WOS:000175796400007 ER PT J AU Jones, KA Derenge, MA Shah, PB Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Kirchner, KW Wood, MC Thomas, C Spencer, MG Holland, OW Vispute, RD AF Jones, KA Derenge, MA Shah, PB Zheleva, TS Ervin, MH Kirchner, KW Wood, MC Thomas, C Spencer, MG Holland, OW Vispute, RD TI A comparison of graphite and AlN caps used for annealing ion-implanted SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE SiC; ion implantation; Al; annealing caps; AlN; C ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SILICON-CARBIDE; SIC(0001); ALUMINUM; BORON AB The SiC wafers implanted with Al were capped with AIN, C, or AIN and C and were annealed at temperatures as high as 1700degreesC to examine their ability to act as annealing caps. As shown previously, the AIN film was effective up to 1600degreesC, as it protected the SiC surface, did not react with it, and could be removed selectively by a KOH etch. However, it evaporated too rapidly at the higher temperatures. Although the C did not evaporate, it was not a more effective cap because it did not prevent the out-diffusion of Si and crystallized at 1700degreesC. The crystalline film had to be ion milled off, as it could not be removed in a plasma asher, as the C films annealed at the lower temperatures were. A combined AIN/C cap also was not an effective cap for the 1700degreesC anneal as the N or Al vapor blew holes in it, and the SiC surface was rougher after the dual cap was removed than it was after annealing at the lower temperatures. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Engn, MRSCE, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 568 EP 575 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0127-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 562PD UT WOS:000176207100004 ER PT J AU Somasundaram, S Winiarski, DW Belzer, DB AF Somasundaram, S Winiarski, DW Belzer, DB TI Screening analysis for EPACT-covered commercial HVAC and water-heating equipment SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAVANNAH, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB PNNL, under direction from DOE, conducted a screening analysis to determine the energy savings potential from the efficiency level for commercial HVAC and water-heating equipment listed in Standard 90.1-1999, as well as the potential from several higher efficiency levels. We estimated the annual energy consumption for each type of equipment, at various efficiency levels, through engineering building types in 11 U.S. locations. W also Conducted an economic analysis to identify the efficiency levels that would provide the highest value of economic benefits. From 2004 through 2030, the estimated national energy savings for the equipment meeting, the Standard 90.1-1999 efficiency levels is about 3.8 exajoules (EJ) (3.6 quads).(1) The total estimated carbon emissions reduction is 52 MMtons. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Technol Syst Anal, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Somasundaram, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Technol Syst Anal, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.1115/1.1447929 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 562QP UT WOS:000176210700007 ER PT J AU Fan, MH Sung, SW Brown, RC Wheelock, TD Laabs, FC AF Fan, MH Sung, SW Brown, RC Wheelock, TD Laabs, FC TI Synthesis, characterization, and coagulation of polymeric ferric sulfate SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE iron sulfate; polymers; coagulation; synthesis ID PREFORMED POLYMERS; BEHAVIORS AB This paper proposes a new approach to synthesize polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS). It was found that the basicity and stability of the synthesized PFS varied with the quantity of sulfuric acid used. The minimum amount of sulfuric acid needed for the synthesis of PFS to insure a residual Fe2+ concentration in the product lower than 0.1 wt% is about 31.0 wt% of the stoichiometric requirement. However, to produce a stable product which can be stored for six months, the amount of sulfuric acid should be 51.7 and 62.0 wt% of the stoichiometric requirement for PFS produced at 55 and 85degreesC, respectively. The structure of PFS depended on the synthesis temperature, as observed through x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. A comparison of the coagulation performance of PFS and ferric sulfate (FS) showed that PFS is, in general, more effective than FS in reducing the turbidity of Kaolinite suspensions for various conditions. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil & Construct Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Sustainable Environm Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sung, SW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil & Construct Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Sung, Shihwu/B-5710-2011 NR 13 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 6 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:6(483) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554FE UT WOS:000175722700003 ER PT J AU Goldston, R Abdou, M Baker, C Campbell, M Chan, V Dean, S Hubbard, A Iotti, R Jarboe, T Lindl, J Logan, BG McCarthy, K Najmabadi, F Craig, O Prager, S Sauthoff, N Sethian, J Sheffield, J Zinkle, S AF Goldston, R Abdou, M Baker, C Campbell, M Chan, V Dean, S Hubbard, A Iotti, R Jarboe, T Lindl, J Logan, BG McCarthy, K Najmabadi, F Craig, O Prager, S Sauthoff, N Sethian, J Sheffield, J Zinkle, S TI A plan for the development of fusion energy SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion energy; fusion program plan AB This is the final report of a panel set up by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) in response to a charge letter dated September 10, 2002 from Dr. Ray Orbach, Director of the DOE's Office of Science. In that letter, Dr. Orbach asked FESAC to develop a plan with the end goal of the start of operation of a demonstration power plant in approximately 35 years. This report, submitted March 5, 2003, presents such a plan, leading to commercial application of fusion energy by mid-century. The plan is derived from the necessary features of a demonstration fusion power plant and from the time scale defined by President Bush. It identifies critical milestones, key decision points, needed major facilities and required budgets. The report also responds to a request from DOE to FESAC to describe what new or upgraded fusion facilities will "best serve our purposes" over a time frame of the next twenty years. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goldston, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 61 EP 111 DI 10.1023/A:1025038002187 PG 51 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 721XK UT WOS:000185343600001 ER PT J AU Doran, JC Zhong, S Liljegren, JC Jakob, C AF Doran, JC Zhong, S Liljegren, JC Jakob, C TI A comparison of cloud properties at a coastal and inland site at the North Slope of Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE arctic clouds; cloud liquid water; microwave radiometer; ECMWF model; air-surface interactions ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; SOLAR-RADIATION; WATER; MODELS; TEMPERATURE AB [1] We have examined differences in cloud liquid water paths (LWPs) at a coastal (Barrow) and an inland (Atqasuk) location on the North Slope of Alaska using microwave radiometer (MWR) data collected by the U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program for the period June-September 1999. Revised retrieval procedures and a filtering algorithm to eliminate data contaminated by wet windows on the MWRs were employed to extract high-quality data suitable for this study. For clouds with low base heights (< 350 m), the LWPs at the coastal site were significantly higher than those at the inland site, but for clouds with higher base heights the differences were small. Air-surface interactions may account for some of the differences. Comparisons were also made between observed LWPs and those simulated with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model. The model usually successfully captured the occurrence of cloudy periods, but it underpredicted the LWPs by approximately a factor of 2. It was also unsuccessful in reproducing the observed differences in LWPs between Barrow and Atqasuk. Some suggestions on possible improvements in the model are presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Doran, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Box 999,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Jakob, Christian/A-1082-2010 OI Jakob, Christian/0000-0002-5012-3207 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS D11 AR 4120 DI 10.1029/2001JD000819 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609HN UT WOS:000178897700013 ER PT J AU Johnston, NAC Colman, JJ Blake, DR Prather, MJ Rowland, FS AF Johnston, NAC Colman, JJ Blake, DR Prather, MJ Rowland, FS TI On the variability of tropospheric gases: Sampling, loss patterns, and lifetime SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE variability; lifetime; troposphere; methyl bromide; modeling; PEM-Tropics A and B ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; OH CONCENTRATIONS; RESIDENCE TIME; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; OZONE; CH3CCL3; CH3BR AB [1] The relationship between the variability (relative standard deviation, sigma) in mixing ratio of a gas and its global mean lifetime (tau) has been used to estimate the tau of atmospheric gases. This can prove quite useful if it is a unique relationship. Here a three-dimensional chemical transport model is used to investigate the variability-lifetime relationship of tropospheric gases with two types of sources and three types of losses. The effects of sampling time and location are also explored. The relationship is best described in the form sigma = alphatau(-beta), where alpha and beta are variable depending on the sources, sinks, and time and location of averaging. When spatially averaging over the troposphere and temporally averaging over 1 year, the model results give a beta of 0.77-0.79 for tau between 0.9 and 7.0 years. The variability of a CH3Br-like gas is also analyzed using different weightings of chemical sinks. Photochemical (OH), ocean mixed layer, and soil losses are scaled separately to maintain t 1 year. These different scalings result in a +/-17% spread in sigma, which translates into a +/-20% spread in tau inferred from the variability-lifetime relationship found in the model. In addition, the model is used to simulate conditions of Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM) Tropics A and B field campaigns. The variability-lifetime relationships derived from the model do not compare to the field observations, except that both demonstrate a seasonal dependence of variability. This study identifies some factors controlling the variability of trace gases in the troposphere, estimates the error in using variability-lifetime analysis to determine an unknown t, and shows that the variability-lifetime relation is not universal among trace gases. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnston, NAC (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, 516 Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS D11 AR 4111 DI 10.1029/2001JD000669 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609HN UT WOS:000178897700022 ER PT J AU Thornton, JA Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC Martinez, M Harder, H Brune, WH Williams, EJ Roberts, JM Fehsenfeld, FC Hall, SR Shetter, RE Wert, BP Fried, A AF Thornton, JA Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC Martinez, M Harder, H Brune, WH Williams, EJ Roberts, JM Fehsenfeld, FC Hall, SR Shetter, RE Wert, BP Fried, A TI Ozone production rates as a function of NOx abundances and HOx production rates in the Nashville urban plume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; NO2; peroxy radicals; Nashville; OH; HO2 ID RADICAL PROPAGATION EFFICIENCY; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; PHOTOSTATIONARY STATE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; HYDROCARBONS; SENSITIVITY; INDICATORS; CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN AB [1] Tropospheric O-3 concentrations are functions of the chain lengths of NOx (NOx = NO +NO2) and HOx (HOx = OH + HO2 +RO2) radical catalytic cycles. For a fixed HOx source at low NOx concentrations, kinetic models indicate the rate of O-3 production increases linearly with increases in NOx concentrations (NOx limited). At higher NOx concentrations, kinetic models predict ozone production rates decrease with increasing NOx (NOx saturated). We present observations of NO, NO2,O-3, OH, HO2,H2CO, actinic flux, and temperature obtained during the 1999 Southern Oxidant Study from June 15 to July 15, 1999, at Cornelia Fort Airpark, Nashville, Tennessee. The observations are used to evaluate the instantaneous ozone production rate (P-O3) as a function of NO abundances and the primary HOx production rate (P-HOx). These observations provide quantitative evidence for the response of P-O3 to NOx. For high PHOx (0.5 < P-HOx < 0.7 ppt/s), O-3 production at this site increases linearly with NO to similar to500 ppt. P-O3 levels out in the range 500-1000 ppt NO and decreases for NO above 1000 ppt. An analysis along chemical coordinates indicates that models of chemistry controlling peroxy radical abundances, and consequently PO3, have a large error in the rate or product yield of the RO2 +HO2 reaction for the classes of RO2 that predominate in Nashville. Photochemical models and our measurements can be forced into agreement if the product of the branching ratio and rate constant for organic peroxide formation, via RO2 +HO2 --> ROOH + O-2, is reduced by a factor of 3-12. Alternatively, these peroxides could be rapidly photolyzed under atmospheric conditions making them at best a temporary HOx reservoir. This result implies that O-3 production in or near urban areas with similar hydrocarbon reactivity and HOx production rates may be NOx saturated more often than current models suggest. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thornton, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. EM cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Harder, Hartwig/L-2511-2014; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Harder, Hartwig/0000-0002-6868-714X; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867 NR 51 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS D12 AR 4146 DI 10.1029/2001JD000932 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 610TL UT WOS:000178976900014 ER PT J AU Soloviev, SP Surkov, VV Sweeney, JJ AF Soloviev, SP Surkov, VV Sweeney, JJ TI Quadrupolar electromagnetic field from detonation of high explosive charges on the ground surface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE chemical explosion; electromagnetic fields; quadrupolar; electric dipole; experimental AB [1] Experimental results of a study of electromagnetic fields due to detonation of high explosive charges with mass of a few kilograms are presented in this paper. Data show that in the initial stage of explosion the fields decrease as the fourth power of distance. Such a quadrupolar type of field contradicts the concept that an explosion is characterized by an effective electric dipole. A theoretical analysis is given based on expansion of an electromagnetic field in multipole moments. The theory is used to make estimates of the quadrupolar and dipole moments of the electric charge system resulting from an explosion occurring at the Earth's surface; calculations of electric fields thus produced are similar to those observed. C1 Inst Geospheres Dynam, Moscow 117334, Russia. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soloviev, SP (reprint author), Inst Geospheres Dynam, Leninsky Prospect,38 Korpus 6, Moscow 117334, Russia. EM soloviev@idg.chph.ras.ru; surkov@redline.ru; sweeney3@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS B6 AR 2119 DI 10.1029/2001JB000296 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 610YZ UT WOS:000178990800009 ER PT J AU Stegman, DR Richards, MA Baumgardner, JR AF Stegman, DR Richards, MA Baumgardner, JR TI Effects of depth-dependent viscosity and plate motions on maintaining a relatively uniform mid-ocean ridge basalt reservoir in whole mantle flow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE mantle mixing; core mantle boundary region ID EARTHS MANTLE; OCEANIC-CRUST; SCALE FLOW; CONVECTION; EVOLUTION; MODEL; HETEROGENEITY; TOMOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS; PLUMES AB [1] Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) exhibit relatively uniform and depleted rare earth element concentrations compared with ocean island basalts (OIBs). Previous researchers have focused on long-term (billion-year timescale) preservation of an enriched and heterogeneous OIB reservoir within the convecting mantle. Such studies commonly conclude that the OIB reservoir must exist in an area which remains isolated from convection, i.e., D". Here we investigate the maintenance of MORB reservoir homogeneity over shorter timescales in the face of vigorous upper/lower mantle mass exchange (deep subduction), which may be due to two effects: (1) a high-viscosity lower mantle and/or (2) chaotic mixing due to toroidal flow generated by surface plate motions. We explore this conceptual model using three-dimensional spherical numerical models that include surface plate motions, radial viscosity variation, and a geophysically plausible model of mantle density contrasts. A correlation dimension method is used to characterize mixing of passive tracers. For a uniform viscosity mantle the upper and lower mantles mix on essentially the same timescales. A factor of 100 viscosity contrast results in a relative mixing time for the lower mantle only 30-60% longer than that of the upper mantle. Therefore neither a strong viscosity contrast nor toroidal mixing significantly affects the relative mixing times of the upper and lower mantle. We conclude that return flow from the lower mantle is of similar (depleted) composition and that the depleted MORB source reservoir constitutes most of the mantle, except for a convectively isolated OIB source region at the base of the mantle. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stegman, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dstegman@seismo.berkeley.edu; markr@seismo.berkeley.edu; baumgardner@lanl.gov RI Stegman, Dave/F-5794-2010 OI Stegman, Dave/0000-0001-8012-6145 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS B6 AR 2116 DI 10.1029/2001JB000192 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 610YZ UT WOS:000178990800012 ER PT J AU Van Den Abeele, KEA Carmeliet, J Johnson, PA Zinszner, B AF Van Den Abeele, KEA Carmeliet, J Johnson, PA Zinszner, B TI Influence of water saturation on the nonlinear elastic mesoscopic response in Earth materials and the implications to the mechanism of nonlinearity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE material properties; saturation; nonlinearity; nonlinear elasticity; Earth materials; microstructure ID SPECTROSCOPY NEWS TECHNIQUES; DISCERN MATERIAL DAMAGE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PRESSURE; SOILS; STATE; ROCK AB [1] Much is known empirically about the qualitative and quantitative nonlinear response of rocks. Still, the mechanism of nonlinear response in porous media is only speculation. In this work we illustrate evidence from several types of experiments indicating that fluid plays an important role in the nonlinear response. For instance, measurements at low degrees of water saturation indicate that molecular layers of adsorbed moisture as well as condensation fluids significantly influence the linear and nonlinear response at dynamic strain levels due to the activation of internal molecular forces. In rock, we measure a significant increase in the nonlinear response, especially in the saturation range of 1-20%. This is consistent with observed changes in the linear response, but the extent of the variation is larger in the nonlinear measurements, especially in rocks containing small pore systems. These modifications can be attributed to an increased fluid-solid interaction upon wetting causing the material to expand and to soften. Concurrently, the microscopic and mesoscopic hysteretic entities, which give rise to the macroscopically observed nonlinear response, are activated at saturation-dependent opening and closing pressures. As a consequence of the moisture-induced forces, the fraction of active hysteretic units increases with saturation. The fact that the nonlinear response increases with water saturation, especially in the low saturation range, implies that the presence of moisture plays a major role in the nonlinear mechanism or, more precisely, in the activation of that mechanism. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, Fac Sci, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Civil Engn, Lab Bldg Phys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Francais Petr, F-92506 Rueil Malmaison, France. RP Van Den Abeele, KEA (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, Fac Sci, Campus Kortrijk,E Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. EM Koen.vandenabeele@kulak.ac.be; Jan.Carmeliet@bwk.kuleuven.ac.be; paj@lanl.gov; Bernard.Zinszner@ifp.fr NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS B6 AR 2121 DI 10.1029/2001JB000368 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 610YZ UT WOS:000178990800007 ER PT J AU Van Siclen, CD AF Van Siclen, CD TI Equivalent channel network model for permeability and electrical conductivity of fracture networks SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE fracture(s); network(s); conductivity; permeability; flow; equivalent channel ID ROUGH-WALLED FRACTURES; FLUID-FLOW; SINGLE FRACTURE; REYNOLDS-EQUATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; WALKER DIFFUSION; ROCK FRACTURES; POROUS-MEDIA; CUBIC LAW AB [1] It is remarkable that the permeability k and electrical conductivity sigma of saturated, fractured rock exhibit a power law relationship with exponent r as pressure is applied to the rock. To understand this behavior, the fracture network is viewed as a collection of connected, planar fractures. This allows the construction of algebraic expressions for the transport properties of the fracture network, in which the local effective properties, namely, the hydraulic aperture d(h) and the electric aperture d(e) of the representative planar fracture (the "equivalent channel''), are distinguished from the network properties (e. g., fracture connectivity) parameterized by the tortuosity factors tau(h) and tau(e). This "equivalent channel network model'' reproduces the observed power law behavior on the conditions that d(h)(3) proportional to d(e)(r) and tau(h) proportional to tau(e)(r) over the range of applied pressures. The first condition is met, as demonstrated by calculations for a variety of simulated planar fractures using the Reynolds equations for fluid and current flow. The value of the exponent r is found to indicate the degree to which the fracture resembles a porous medium but cannot otherwise identify fracture surface or aperture characteristics. No direct evidence currently exists to support the second condition; however, such a power law relationship has been demonstrated elsewhere for simulated porous media. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Van Siclen, CD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM cvs@inel.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS B6 AR 2106 DI 10.1029/2000JB000057 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 610YZ UT WOS:000178990800022 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Prettyman, TH Tokar, RL Boynton, WV Byrd, RC Fuller, KR Gasnault, O Longmire, JL Olsher, RH Storms, SA Thornton, GW AF Feldman, WC Prettyman, TH Tokar, RL Boynton, WV Byrd, RC Fuller, KR Gasnault, O Longmire, JL Olsher, RH Storms, SA Thornton, GW TI Fast neutron flux spectrum aboard Mars Odyssey during cruise SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fast neutrons; spacecraft background; energy spectrum ID MOON; RAY AB [1] The energy spectrum of fast neutrons generated by interactions between galactic cosmic rays and the Mars Odyssey spacecraft during quiet interplanetary conditions is determined. It is given by Phi(n) (E-n) = (0.071 +/- 0.0044) E-n (-(0.28 +/- 0.055)) cm(-2) s(-1) MeV-1 for energies between 0.7 and 6 MeV. The estimated ratio of this component of spacecraft neutron background to the Martian leakage flux in Mars orbit is expected to amount to between 0.30 and 0.34. This fraction is sufficiently small so that the total background in orbit about Mars is expected to be dominated by Martian leakage neutrons reprocessed by the spacecraft. Nevertheless, the measured asymmetry properties of the Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer response function should allow separation of foreground and background neutron fluxes when in Mars orbit. The fast neutron flux between 0.7 and 6 MeV should only contribute 0.40 Roentgen Equivalent Man (rem) per year to the total radiation dose aboard a Mars Odyssey class spacecraft at solar maximum. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010 OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS A6 AR 1083 DI 10.1029/2001JA000295 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 610UK UT WOS:000178979400006 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Rainey, KN You, SM Pak, JY AF Kim, JH Rainey, KN You, SM Pak, JY TI Mechanism of nucleate boiling heat transfer enhancement from microporous surfaces in saturated FC-72 SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE boiling; enhancement; heat transfer; microstructures; porous media ID ORIENTATION; LIQUID; WIRE AB The present study is an experimental investigation of the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer enhancement mechanism of microporous surfaces immersed in saturated FC-72. Measurements of bubble size, frequency, and vapor flow rate from a plain and microporous coated 390 mum diameter platinum wire using the consecutive-photo method were taken to determine the effects of the coating on the convective and latent heat transfer mechanisms. Results of the study showed that the In microporous Coating augments nucleate boiling performance through increased latent heat transfer in the low heat flux region and through increased convection heat transfer in the high heat flux region. The critical heat flux for the microporous coated surface is significantly enhanced over the plain surface due to decreased latent heat transfer (decreased vapor generation rate) and/or increased hydrodynamic stability from increased vapor inertia: both of which arc a direct result of increased nucleation site density. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Behr Amer Inc, Troy, MI 48033 USA. RP Univ Texas, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, POB 19023, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM you@uta.edu NR 28 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 500 EP 506 DI 10.1115/1.1469548 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 556LR UT WOS:000175851700011 ER PT J AU Greiner, M Fischer, PF Tufo, HM AF Greiner, M Fischer, PF Tufo, HM TI Two-dimensional simulations of enhanced heat transfer in an intermittently grooved channel SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE channel flow; computational; enhancement; forced convection; instability ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; FULLY-DEVELOPED FLOW; 3-DIMENSIONAL FLOW; PRESSURE-DROP; LAMINAR-FLOW; DESTABILIZATION; TRANSITION; TRANSPORT AB Two-dimensional Navier-Stokes simulations of heat and momentum transport in all intermittently grooved passage are performed using the spectral element technique for the Reynolds number range 600less than or equal toReless than or equal to1800. The computational domain has seven contiguous transverse grooves cut symmetrically into opposite walls, followed by a flat section with the same length. Periodic inflow/outflow boundary conditions are employed. The development and decay of unsteady flow is observed in the grooved and flat sections, respectively. The axial variation of the unsteady component of velocity is compared to the local heat transfer, shear stress and pressure gradient. The results suggest that intermittently grooved tently passages may offer even higher heat transfer for a given pumping power than the levels observed in fully grooved passages. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Greiner, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 538 EP 545 DI 10.1115/1.1459730 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 556LR UT WOS:000175851700016 ER PT J AU Dowding, KJ Blackwell, BF AF Dowding, KJ Blackwell, BF TI Closure to "Discussion: 'Sensitivity analysis for nonlinear heat condition,' (2001, ASME J. of Heat Transfer, 123(1), pp. 1-10)" SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Validat & Uncertainty Quantificat Proc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dowding, KJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Validat & Uncertainty Quantificat Proc, POB 5800 M-S 0828, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 590 EP 590 DI 10.1115/1.1472494 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 556LR UT WOS:000175851700027 ER PT J AU Kachru, S Pearson, J Verlinde, H AF Kachru, S Pearson, J Verlinde, H TI Brane/flux annihilation and the string dual of a non-supersymmetric field theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE D-branes; AdS-CFT and dS-CFT correspondence ID LARGE N; COMPACTIFICATIONS; VACUUM; FLUXES AB We consider the dynamics of p anti-D3 branes inside the Klebanov-Strassler geometry, the deformed conifold with M units of RR 3-form flux around the S-3. We find that for p<ARENES; CONFORMATION; CESIUM; CALIXARENES; COMPLEXATION; SELECTIVITY; CONFORMERS; IONOPHORES; RECEPTORS; CRYSTAL AB anti-25,27-Bis-n-octyloxycalix[4] arene, the paco-isomer of 25,27-bis-n-octyloxycalix[4] arene crown-6 ether, and the paco- and 1,3-alt isomers of 25,27-bis-n-octyloxycalix[4] arene t-butylbenzocrown-6 ether were prepared. The crystal structures of anti-25,27-bis-n-octyloxycalix[ 4] arene, paco-25,27-bis-n-octyloxycalix[4] arene crown-6, and 1,3-alt-25,27-bis-n-octyloxycalix[4]arene crown-6 were determined and the solution structure of anti-25,27-bis-n-octyloxycalix[ 4] arene was studied by 2D- and VT-NMR. The extraction of alkali metal nitrates by the paco-25,27-bis-n-octyloxycalix[ 4] arene crown-6 and t-butylbenzocrown-6 ethers in 1,2-dichloroethane was compared to that of the corresponding 1,3-alt isomers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Chem Separat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sachleben, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Chem Separat Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-0750 J9 J INCL PHENOM MACRO JI J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1023/A:1020474827521 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 599GD UT WOS:000178325000009 ER PT J AU Cannon, A Ettinger, JM Hush, D Scovel, C AF Cannon, A Ettinger, JM Hush, D Scovel, C TI Machine learning with data dependent hypothesis classes SO JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE computational learning theory; empirical process theory; classification; shatter coefficient; structural risk minimization ID STRUCTURAL RISK MINIMIZATION; COMPLEXITY AB We extend the VC theory of statistical learning to data dependent spaces of classifiers. This theory can be viewed as a decomposition of classifier design into two components; the first component is a restriction to a data dependent hypothesis class and the second is empirical risk minimization within that class. We define a measure of complexity for data dependent hypothesis classes and provide data dependent versions of bounds on error deviance and estimation error. We also provide a structural risk minimization procedure over data dependent hierarchies and prove consistency. We use this theory to provide a framework for studying the trade-offs between performance and computational complexity in classifier design. As a consequence we obtain a new family of classifiers with dimension independent performance bounds and efficient learning procedures. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Int Secur Grp, NIS8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, CCS3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cannon, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1532-4435 J9 J MACH LEARN RES JI J. Mach. Learn. Res. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 2 IS 3 BP 335 EP 358 DI 10.1162/153244302760200650 PG 24 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 595GZ UT WOS:000178101500002 ER PT J AU Petrovic, C Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Petrovic, C Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI Anisotropic properties of rare-earth dibismites SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; heat capacity; magnetic anisotropy; rare-earth dibismites ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GROWTH AB We report measurements of magnetic, thermal and transport properties of single crystals of rare-earth dibismites RBi2 (R = La-Nd, Sm), grown via self-flux method. All compounds are good metals, and those with magnetic ions order anti ferromagnetically at low temperatures. Ce, Pr and Sm members of the series show single magnetic transition whereas NdBi2 most likely exhibits two magnetic transitions. Significant magnetic anisotropy and a series of metamagnetic transitions in fields tip to 55 kG are found in PrBi2. Ordering temperatures range from 3 K to just above 16 K and they scale well with the de Gennes factor. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Petrovic, C (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 247 IS 3 BP 270 EP 278 AR PII S0304-8853(02)00278-0 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00278-0 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 569ZW UT WOS:000176634200005 ER PT J AU Papantonakis, MR Kim, J Hess, WP Haglund, RF AF Papantonakis, MR Kim, J Hess, WP Haglund, RF TI What do matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra reveal about ionization mechanisms? SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ionization mechanism; matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization; nanosecond; femtosecond ID DESORPTION IONIZATION; ION FORMATION; 2,5-DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID; INFRARED-LASER; ORGANIC-SOLIDS; BEAM PROFILE; HUMAN SERUM; SPECTROMETRY; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS AB We present ion mass spectra obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization for analytes of 1000 Da across the largest range of wavelengths and pulse durations to date. The matrix used in all cases was 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Based on the data and fundamentals of laser-material interactions, we evaluated the plausibility of discriminating among such ion formation mechanisms as multiphoton ionization and excited-state ionization from mass spectra alone. Some previously proposed mechanisms appear unlikely for the matrix-analyte systems that we studied, casting doubt on their general applicability. Moreover, although analysis of mass spectra can apparently exclude certain mechanisms, it cannot establish which of several competing mechanisms is actually operative. This is particularly true with respect to variations in pulse duration and wavelength. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, WM Keck Fdn, Free Electron Laser Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Haglund, RF (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 6301 Stevenson, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Papantonakis, Michael/G-3888-2012 NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 639 EP 647 DI 10.1002/jms.318 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 567PZ UT WOS:000176494400011 PM 12112747 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Sachenko, P Schneibel, JH AF Zhang, W Sachenko, P Schneibel, JH TI Kinetics of thermal grain boundary grooving for changing dihedral angles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-DIFFUSION AB In his classic paper on thermal grain boundary grooving Mullins [W.W. Mullins, J. Appl. Physics 28, 333 (1957)] assumes that the dihedral angle at the groove root remains constant and predicts that the groove width and depth grow proportional tot(0.25). Here, we derive models describing groove growth while the dihedral angle changes. In our grooving experiments with tungsten at 1350 degreesC in which the dihedral angle decreased, the growth exponent for the groove depth reached values as high as 0.44 while the growth exponent for the width decreased slightly from Mullins' value of 0.25. Hence groove width data alone are not sufficient for verifying Mullins' growth law unless the dihedral angle is constant. The observed changes in the dihedral angle are used as an input for numerical simulations. With the simulations we are able to extract the surface diffusion constants. Atomic force microscope observations of groove widths and depths in tungsten are in excellent agreement with the simulations. C1 Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1501 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0222 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559NQ UT WOS:000176032600039 ER PT J AU Gnanasekar, KI Subramanian, V Robinson, J Jiang, JC Posey, FE Rambabu, B AF Gnanasekar, KI Subramanian, V Robinson, J Jiang, JC Posey, FE Rambabu, B TI Direct conversion of TiO2 sol to nanocrystalline anatase at 85 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SITU STERIC STABILIZATION; GEL PROCESS; CERAMIC MEMBRANES; TITANIA; PEPTIZATION; POWDERS AB Nanocrystalline TiO2 anatase with particle size in the range of 5-7 nm has been prepared by in situ cracking of the sol at 85 degreesC, thereby avoiding the intermediate gel formation process. Hydrolysis of Ti(O-isoPr)(4) was carried out in excess of 2-propanol to keep the suspension of fine particles from agglomeration. Differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron microscopy have been used to characterize the samples. Gel to crystalline conversion, which requires a temperature of at least 400 degreesC, can be achieved by digesting the TiO2 sol at 85 degreesC. XRD and selected area electron diffraction patterns show the presence of a small amount of brookite phase along with the major anatase phase. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the average grain size of TiO2 particle remains around 5-9 nm even when heated at 510 degreesC. C1 So Univ, Surface Sci Spect & Solid State Ion Lab, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Ctr Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rambabu, B (reprint author), So Univ, Surface Sci Spect & Solid State Ion Lab, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1512 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0224 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559NQ UT WOS:000176032600041 ER PT J AU Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, M Aytug, T Kang, BW Martin, PM Goyal, A Kroeger, DM Christen, DK AF Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, M Aytug, T Kang, BW Martin, PM Goyal, A Kroeger, DM Christen, DK TI Chemical solution deposition of lanthanum zirconate buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-1.7% Fe-3% W alloy substrates for coated-conductor fabrication SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; ALUMINATE FILMS; OXIDE; DECOMPOSITION; PRECURSORS; ALKOXIDE AB Sol-gel processing of La2Zr2O7 (LZO) buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-1.7% Fe-3% W alloy substrates using a continuous reel-to-reel dip-coating unit has been studied. The epitaxial LZO films obtained have a strong cube texture and uniform microstructure. The effects of increasing the annealing speed on the texture, microstructure, and carbon content retained in the film were studied. On top of the LZO films, epitaxial layers of yttria-stabilized zirconia and Ceria (CeO2) were deposited using rf sputtering, and YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) films were then deposited using pulsed laser deposition. Critical current densities (J(c)) of 1.9 MA/cm(2) at 77 K and self-field and 0.34 MA/cm(2) at 77 K and 0.5 T have been obtained on these films. These values are comparable to those obtained on YBCO films deposited on all-vacuum deposited buffer layers and the highest ever obtained using solution seed layers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sathyamurthy, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 32 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1543 EP 1549 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0229 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559NQ UT WOS:000176032600046 ER PT J AU Trice, RW Su, YJ Mawdsley, JR Faber, KT De Arellano-Lopez, AR Wang, H Porter, WD AF Trice, RW Su, YJ Mawdsley, JR Faber, KT De Arellano-Lopez, AR Wang, H Porter, WD TI Effect of heat treatment on phase stability, microstructure, and thermal conductivity of plasma-sprayed YSZ SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC COATINGS AB The effects of 50-hour heat treatments at 1000degreesC, 1200degreesC, and 1400degreesC on air plasma-sprayed coatings of 7 wt% Y2O3-ZrO2 (YSZ) have been investigated. Changes in the phase stability and microstructure were investigated using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Changes in the thermal conductivity of the coating that occurred during heat treatment were interpreted with respect to microstructural evolution. A metastable tetragonal zirconia phase, with a non-equilibrium amount of Y2O3 stabilizer, was the predominant phase in the as-sprayed coating. Upon heating to 1000degreesC for 50 hours, the concentration of the Y2O3 in the t-zirconia began to decrease as predicted by the Y2O3-ZrO2 phase diagram. The c-ZrO2 phase was first observed after the 50-hour heat treatment at 1200degreesC; monoclinic zirconia was observed after the 50-hour heat treatment at 1400degreesC. TEM analysis revealed closure of intralamellar microcracks after the 50-hour/1000degreesC heat treatment; however, the lamellar morphology was retained. After the 50-hour/1200degreesC heat treatment, a distinct change was observed in the interlamellar pores; equiaxed grains replaced the long, columnar grains, with some remnant lamellae still observed. No lamellae were observed after the 50-hour/1400degreesC heat treatment. Rather, the microstructure was equivalent when viewed in either plan view or cross-section, revealing large grains with regions of monoclinic zirconia. Thermal conductivity increased after every heat treatment. It is believed that changes in the intralamellar microcracks and/or interlamellar pores are responsible for the increase in thermal conductivity after the 1000degreesC and 1200degreesC heat treatments. The increase in thermal conductivity that occurs after the 50-hour/1400degreesC heat treatment is proposed to be due to the formation of m-ZrO2, which has a higher thermal conductivity than tetragonal or cubic zirconia. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Northwestern Univ, Robert R McCormick Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Sevilla, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Seville, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Trice, RW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Faber, Katherine/B-6741-2009; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013; OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867; R. de Arellano Lopez, Antonio/0000-0002-7443-0244 NR 19 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2359 EP 2365 DI 10.1023/A:1015310509520 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 549MX UT WOS:000175448900022 ER PT J AU Konechny, A Turgut, OT AF Konechny, A Turgut, OT TI Super-Grassmannian and large N limit of quantum field theory with bosons and fermions SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL QCD; CHROMODYNAMICS; QUANTIZATION; CONFINEMENT; EXPANSION; BARYONS; ALGEBRA AB We study a large N-c limit of a two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory coupled to bosons and fermions in the fundamental representation. Extending an approach due to Rajeev we show that the limiting theory can be described as a classical Hamiltonian system whose phase space is an infinite-dimensional super-Grassmannian. The linear approximation to the equations of motion and the constraint yields the 't Hooft equations for the mesonic spectrum. Two other approximation schemes to the exact equations are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bogazici Univ, Dept Phys, TR-80815 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey. Feza Gursey Inst, TR-81220 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM konechny@thsrv.lbl.gov; turgutte@boun.edu.tr NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2988 EP 3010 DI 10.1063/1.1477936 PG 23 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 554PZ UT WOS:000175746200011 ER PT J AU Gozalo, A Dagle, GE Montoya, E Weller, RE AF Gozalo, A Dagle, GE Montoya, E Weller, RE TI Spontaneous terminal ileitis resembling Crohn disease in captive tamarins SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Callitrichidae; granulomatous enteritis; primates; regional enteritis; Saguinus labiatus; Saguinus mystax ID FETUS SUBSPECIES JEJUNI; PROLIFERATIVE ILEITIS; CAMPYLOBACTER-HYOINTESTINALIS; GRANULOMATOUS ENTERITIS; MESOCRICETUS-AURATUS; REGIONAL ENTERITIS; SYRIAN-HAMSTERS; INFECTION; ANIMALS; COLITIS AB Five tamarins (four Saguinus mystax and one S. labiatus) died with wasting syndrome characterized by chronic diarrhea at the Center for Reproduction and Conservation of Non-Human Primates in Iquitos, Peru. At necropsy, the terminal ileum of all affected tamarins was found to be markedly thickened. Histologically, the terminal ileal mucosa was completely ulcerated, and effaced by debris and mononuclear inflammatory cells. The submucosa and serosa were thickened by fibroplasia, mononuclear cell infiltrates and variable edema. No infectious agent was observed. The lesions were similar to those described previously for Crohn disease. This is to our knowledge the first report of terminal ileitis resembling Crohn disease in non-human primates. C1 Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Ctr Reprod & Conservat Nonhuman Primates, Inst Vet Invest Trop & Altura, Iquitos, Peru. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Biosci Dept, Richland, WA USA. RP Gozalo, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Lab Anim Med, 1V-211 CHS,630 Charles E Young Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0684.2002.01002.x PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 570UK UT WOS:000176676500005 PM 12190855 ER PT J AU Visco, DP Pophale, RS Rintoul, MD Faulon, JL AF Visco, DP Pophale, RS Rintoul, MD Faulon, JL TI Developing a methodology for an inverse quantitative structure-activity relationship using the signature molecular descriptor SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc DE inverse-QSAR; signature; topological indices; molecular descriptor ID HIV-1 PROTEASE INHIBITORS; STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; STOCHASTIC GENERATOR; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; BOILING-POINT; PARAMETERS; INDEXES; GRAPHS; DESIGN; SERIES AB The concept of signature as a molecular descriptor is introduced and various topological indices used in quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) are expressed as functions of the new descriptor. The effectiveness of signature versus commonly used descriptors in QSAR analysis is demonstrated by correlating the activities of 121 HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Our approach to the inverse-QSAR problem consists of first finding the optimum sets of descriptor values best matching a target activity and then generating a focused library of candidate structures from the solution set of descriptor values. Both steps are facilitated by the use of signature. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Faulon, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9951, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 35 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 SI SI BP 429 EP 438 AR PII S1093-3263(01)00144-9 DI 10.1016/S1093-3263(01)00144-9 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 561MA UT WOS:000176143500002 PM 12071277 ER PT J AU Li, JC Kolesnikov, AI AF Li, JC Kolesnikov, AI TI Neutron spectroscopic investigation of dynamics of water ice SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS SOLID WATER; HYPERQUENCHED GLASSY WATER; LIQUID WATER; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM; POTENTIAL MODEL; RAMAN-SPECTRUM; HYDROGEN-BOND; HIGH-PRESSURE; D2O ICE; X-RAY AB Quantitative studies of the properties of water require detailed investigation of the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions acting between the atoms and the molecules. Experimental information about the strength of the hydrogen bond interaction in water can be obtained directly by measuring its vibrational spectra. This is because a particular vibrational mode (or phonon) is determined by the interatomic force constants, which in turn are the double-differentials of the potential function at its minima. Therefore, measuring dynamical properties is one of the most powerful ways of investigating interatomic potentials in a given material. In this article we report series of inelastic neutron scattering studies for various forms of exotic ices, the aim of the investigation is to provide a better understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonding in water, which has considerable implications to large segment of scientific community for which the properties of water are important. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, JC (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 78 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 EI 1873-3166 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 1 EP 39 AR PII S0167-73212(02)00009-0 DI 10.1016/S0167-7322(02)00009-0 PG 39 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 567DF UT WOS:000176469600001 ER PT J AU Sever, DM Stevens, RA Ryan, TJ Hamlett, WC AF Sever, DM Stevens, RA Ryan, TJ Hamlett, WC TI Ultrastructure of the reproductive system of the black swamp snake (Seminatrix pygaea). III. Sexual segment of the male kidney SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Squamata; Serpentes; Seminatrix; kidney; sexual segment; histology; ultrastructure; reproduction AB In mature male snakes and lizards, a distal portion of the nephron is hypertrophied in relation to its appearance in females and immature males. This sexual segment of the male kidney apparently provides seminal fluid that is mixed with sperm and released into the female cloaca during copulation. In this article, we provide the first study at the ultrastructural level of seasonal variation in the sexual segment of the kidney of a squamate, the natricine snake Seminatrix pygaea. Previous workers have indicated that the sexual segment is secretory only when the testes are spermatogenically active. The sexual segment of the kidney in S. pygaea does not go through an extended period of inactivity but does show a cycle of synthesis and secretion that can be related to the spermatogenic cycle and mating activity. We show that synthesis of secretory product is initiated with the onset of spermatogenic activity in the spring and culminates with completion of spermiation in the fall. Secretion of the product, however, occurs in a premating period in March when the testes are inactive. Secretion during this premating period is probably necessary to provide time for the passage of the products down the ureter in order to mix with sperm during mating later in spring. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 St Marys Coll, Dept Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbus, MS USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, S Bend Ctr Med Educ, Notre Dame, IN USA. RP Sever, DM (reprint author), St Marys Coll, Dept Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM dsever@saintmarys.edu NR 37 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 EI 1097-4687 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 252 IS 3 BP 238 EP 254 DI 10.1002/jmor.1102 PG 17 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 552LQ UT WOS:000175622200002 PM 11948672 ER PT J AU Johnson, JW Ren, F Pearton, SK Baca, AG Han, J Dabiran, AM Chow, PP AF Johnson, JW Ren, F Pearton, SK Baca, AG Han, J Dabiran, AM Chow, PP TI Performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors at nanoscale gate lengths SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; DEVICES; HEMTS; GAN AB The DC and RF performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with nanoscale gate lengths is presented. The layer structures were grown by either metal organic chemical vapor deposition or rf plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Excellent scaling properties were observed as a function of both gate length and width and confirm that these devices are well suited to both high speed switching and power microwave applications. C1 SVT Associates, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Johnson, JW (reprint author), Nitronex Corp, 628 Hutton St,Ste 106, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUN-AUG PY 2002 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1166/jnn.2002.092 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 585RC UT WOS:000177537500009 PM 12908259 ER PT J AU Datskos, PG Thundat, T AF Datskos, PG Thundat, T TI Nanocantilever signal transduction by electron transfer SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanocantilevers; resonance frequency; focused ion beam; micromachining; electron transfer ID RESONATING MICROCANTILEVERS; MASS DETECTION; FREQUENCY; SILICON; FABRICATION; CANTILEVERS AB Microfabricated cantilever beams promise to bring about a revolution in the field of chemical, physical, and biological sensor development. The resonance frequency of a microfabricated cantilever shifts sensitively because of mass loading from molecular adsorption. The minimum detectable adsorbed mass on a cantilever sensor can be increased by orders of magnitude by changing the dimensions of the device; smaller and thicker cantilevers offer higher resonance frequency and therefore better mass detection sensitivity. Here we describe micromachined silicon cantilevers that are 0.5 to 4 mum in length, fabricated with the use of a focused ion beam (FIB). In addition, we demonstrate a technique for detection of the cantilever resonance frequency that is based on electron transfer. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUN-AUG PY 2002 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1166/jnn.2002.091 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 585RC UT WOS:000177537500015 PM 12908265 ER PT J AU Stevenson, KA Muralidharan, G Maya, L Wells, JC Barhen, J Thundat, T AF Stevenson, KA Muralidharan, G Maya, L Wells, JC Barhen, J Thundat, T TI Covalent attachment of gold nanoparticles to DNA templates SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gold nanoparticles; DNA templates; oligonucleotides; gel electrophoresis; atomic force microscopy; absorption spectroscopy ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; QUANTUM COMPUTATION; BUILDING-BLOCKS; CONSTRUCTION; MOLECULES; ARRAYS; IMMOBILIZATION; SURFACES; LIGATION AB Functionalized gold nanoparticles have been covalently bound to internal, modified sites on double-stranded DNA. Gold nanoparticles coated with mercaptosuccinic acid or thioctic acid were bound to amino-modified thymine bases on double-stranded DNA. Visible absorption spectra, gel electrophoresis, and atomic force microscopy were used to analyze the products. Thiol groups were added to one end of the gold/nanoparticle product, which was then attached to a gold surface. This method has the potential to allow controlled placement of particles with subnanometer precision and to allow attachment of the product to fixed contacts for nanodevice fabrication. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Muralidharan, Govindarajan/J-6155-2015; Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUN-AUG PY 2002 VL 2 IS 3-4 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1166/jnn.2002.110 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 585RC UT WOS:000177537500019 PM 12908269 ER PT J AU Rossano, R Farges, F Ramos, A Delaye, JM Brown, GE AF Rossano, R Farges, F Ramos, A Delaye, JM Brown, GE TI Bond valence in silicate glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Brazillian Symposium on Glasses and Related Materials/1st International Symposium on Non-Crystalline Solids in Brazil CY AUG 19-22, 2001 CL FOZ DO IGUACU, BRAZIL ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; STRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENTS; INCOMPATIBLE ELEMENTS; ALUMINATE TETRAHEDRA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MELT SYSTEMS; TI(IV); POLYMERIZATION AB In contrast with crystals, glass structure cannot be unambiguously determined by experimental techniques, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are often used to model such systems. Ion-ion interactions are modeled by empirical potentials, which are validated by comparison between the structural information extracted from experimental results and the simulated structure. Bond valence (BV) theory is often used to check the reliability of experimentally determined crystal structures. However, it has not been applied in a similar fashion to the results of MD simulations of disordered systems. To illustrate the use of BV theory in silicate glasses, BV calculations were performed in a 1500 atom-3D-periodic MD simulation box of a glass of composition CaO-FeO-2SiO(2) (mol%) with two sets of Born-Mayer-Huggins potentials. The structural models are analyzed from the point of view of BV theory. The BV sums around the 1500 atoms show that the BV model is globally verified. In addition, we show that the BV sums are sensitive to changes in MD potential parameters and can thus be used to test the plausibility of the MD model of a silicate glass. This new strategy opens possibilities in the derivation of more robust and constrained structural models of silicate glasses and melts. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94205 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Lab Mineral Cristallog, UMR7590, F-75252 Paris 05, France. CEA Valrho, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. RP Rossano, R (reprint author), Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, 5 Bd Descartes,Chamsl Marne, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. RI Ramos, Aline /H-6132-2011 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN PY 2002 VL 304 IS 1-3 BP 167 EP 173 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01016-5 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01016-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 561DB UT WOS:000176121200024 ER PT J AU Magruder, RH Weeks, RA Weller, RA Zuhr, RA AF Magruder, RH Weeks, RA Weller, RA Zuhr, RA TI Effects of multi-energy Si and O ion implantation on the optical properties of silica SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Brazillian Symposium on Glasses and Related Materials/1st International Symposium on Non-Crystalline Solids in Brazil CY AUG 19-22, 2001 CL FOZ DO IGUACU, BRAZIL ID FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; ABSORPTION-BANDS; FUSED-SILICA; GLASSY SIO2; GERMANOSILICATE GLASSES; OXYGEN VACANCY; DEFECTS; CENTERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; IRRADIATION AB Some effects on the optical bands produced by multi energy (highest energy 320 keV) Si and O implantations in (Type III) silica have been measured. We propose that in these samples bands due to the various combinations of oxygen vacancies will increase with increasing Si dose with related O related defects changing at a much smaller rates. In the absorption spectra of samples implanted with O, bands associated with oxygen related defects increase with increasing does, while those due to various forms of O vacancies will change at much smaller rates. Si ions were implanted using implant energies ranging from 35 to 320 keV, O ions were implanted using energies ranging from 35 to 250 keV. The doses at each energy were varied to maintain an approximately constant implanted-species concentration. The implanted layer has an approximately constant concentration for the Si ions that starts 40 nm below the surface and extends to 640 nm, while for the O implanted samples the constant concentration region starts at similar to80 nm from the surface and extend to 640 nm. The Si concentration in the implanted region ranges from similar to0.025 to 0.5 at.% (atomic percent) while the O concentration ranged from 0.035 to 0.7 at.%. The optical absorption was measured from 2.8 to 6.5 eV. We fit the observed spectra for the as implanted samples to the minimum number of bands attributed to intrinsic states in SiO2 required to fit the data within +/-2%. The intensities of these absorption bands were a function of dose and ion species. Bands at 5.01, 5.8 and 6.75 eV increased with increasing Si dose and changed at much smaller rates with increasing O dose, confirming that these bands are related to oxygen vacancies. The band at 4.8 eV increased with increasing O dose confirming that it is due to oxygen related defects, which we attribute to an oxygen molecular ion or peroxy radical. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Belmont Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Magruder, RH (reprint author), Belmont Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN PY 2002 VL 304 IS 1-3 BP 224 EP 232 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01027-X DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01027-X PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 561DB UT WOS:000176121200032 ER PT J AU Lillard, RS Paciotti, MA AF Lillard, RS Paciotti, MA TI A model for analyzing corrosion data from pulsed proton beam irradiation experiments SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A model for analyzing corrosion data from pulsed proton beam irradiation experiments was developed from time-averaged corrosion rate measurements taken as a function of beam duty cycle and peak (instantaneous) beam current. The model assumes that there are two separate processes that control corrosion kinetics at the solution-metal interface: one during proton pulses and one between pulses. The model was evaluated using two techniques: a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (an integrated circuit analysis routine) and a numerical method. The model found that the corrosion rate between proton pulses was two orders of magnitude lower than the corrosion rate during a proton pulse. In addition, the model predicts that the corrosion rate during a pulse of protons correlates with peak current and that the time-average corrosion rate is weighted more heavily for duty cycle (repetition rate and gate length) than peak current. These findings explain apparent anomalies in time-averaged corrosion data; it was observed that for a fixed average beam current that the time-averaged corrosion rate for a 16 mA peak current was lower than the time-averaged corrosion rate at a peak current of 1.6 mA. This apparent anomaly is explained in the model by the higher duty cycle for the 1.6 mA case. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, MST-6,POB 1663,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 303 IS 2-3 BP 105 EP 114 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00848-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00848-6 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 567UR UT WOS:000176504300004 ER PT J AU Balooch, M Dinh, LN Calef, DF AF Balooch, M Dinh, LN Calef, DF TI The reaction kinetics of lithium salt with water vapor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The interaction of lithium salt (LiH and/or LiD) with water vapor in the partial pressure range of 10(-5)-2657 Pa has been investigated. The reaction probability of water with LiH cleaved in an ultra high vacuum environment was obtained using the modulated molecular beam technique. This probability was 0.11 and independent of LiH surface temperature, suggesting a negligible activation energy for the reaction in agreement with quantum chemical calculations. The value gradually reduced, however, to 0.007 as the surface concentration of oxygen containing product approached full coverage. As the film grew beyond a monolayer, the phase lag of hydrogen product increased from 0 degreesC to 20 degreesC and the reaction probability reduced further until it approached our detection limit (similar to10(-4)). This phase lag was attributed to a diffusion-limited process in this regime. For micrometer thick hydroxide films grown in high moisture concentration environment on LiD and LiH, the reaction probability reduced to similar to4 x 10(-7) and was independent of exposure time. In this regime of thick hydroxide films (LiOH and/or LiOD), microcracks generated in the films to release stress provided easier pathways for moisture to reach the interface. A modified microscope, capable of both atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation, was also employed to investigate the surface morphology of hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH (.) H2O and/or LiOD (.) H2O) grown on hydroxide at high water vapor partial pressures and the kinetics of this growth. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Balooch, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-357, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 303 IS 2-3 BP 200 EP 209 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00799-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00799-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 567UR UT WOS:000176504300015 ER PT J AU Helean, KB Navrotsky, A Vance, ER Carter, ML Ebbinghaus, B Krikorian, O Lian, J Wang, LM Catalano, JG AF Helean, KB Navrotsky, A Vance, ER Carter, ML Ebbinghaus, B Krikorian, O Lian, J Wang, LM Catalano, JG TI Enthalpies of formation of Ce-pyrochlore, Ca0.93Ce1.00Ti2.035O7.00, U-pyrochlore, Ca1.46U0.234+U0.466+Ti1.85O7.00 and Gd-pyrochlore, Gd2Ti2O7: three materials relevant to the proposed waste form for excess weapons plutonium SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; RARE-EARTH-PYROCHLORES; ZIRCONOLITE CAZRTI2O7; ION IRRADIATION; SYNROC; CALORIMETRY; ACTINIDE; URANIUM AB High temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry was used to derive standard enthalpies of formation, AHf (kJ/mol), for three pyrochlore phases: Ca0.93Ce1.00Ti2.035O7.00 (-3656.0 +/- 5.6), Ca1.46U0.234+U0.466+Ti1.85O7.00 (-3610 +/- 4.1) and Gd2Ti2O7 (-3822.5 +/- 4.9). Enthalpy of drop solution data, DeltaH(ds), were used to calculate enthalpies of formation with respect to an oxide/perovskite phase assemblage AH(f-ox)(0): CaO + MO2 + 2TiO(2) = CaMTi2O7 or Gd2O3 + 2TiO(2) = Gd2Ti2O7, and an oxide/perovkite phas assemblage AH(f-pv+ox)(0): CaTiO3 + MO2 + TiO2 = CaMTi2O7, where M = Ce or U. All three pyrochlore samples were stable in enthalpy relative to an oxide assemblage with DeltaH(f-ox)(0) (kJ/mol) (Gd2Ti2O7) = -113.4 +/- 2.8; DeltaH(f-ox)(0)(Ca1.46U0.234+U0.466+Ti0.85O7.00) = -123.1 +/- 3.4; DeltaH(f-ox)(0)(Ca0.93Ce1.00Ti2.035O7.00) = -54.1 +/-5.2. U pyrochlore was stable in enthalpy relative to an oxide/perovskite assemblage (DeltaH(f-pv-ox)(0) = -5.1 +/- 4.0 kJ/mol). Ce-pyrochlore was metastable in enthalpy relative to the oxide/perovskite phase assemblage (DeltaH(f-pv-ox)(0) = +21.0 +/- 5.5 kJ/mol). A significant metastability field was defined with respect to an oxide.perovskite phase assemblage. However, the proposed waste form baseline composition lies in the stable regions of the phase diagrams. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48111 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Helean, KB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X NR 57 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 303 IS 2-3 BP 226 EP 239 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00795-X DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00795-X PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 567UR UT WOS:000176504300017 ER PT J AU Feng, B Sitek, A Gullberg, GT AF Feng, B Sitek, A Gullberg, GT TI Calculation of the left ventricular ejection fraction without edge detection: Application to small hearts SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE gated SPECT; left ventricular ejection fraction; small hearts ID MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SPECT; GATED SPECT; QUANTIFICATION; TL-201; LVEF AB Quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) software has been reported to overestimate the left ventricular election fraction (LVEF) in patients with small hearts. This finding is caused by the inaccurate detection of the endocardial surface of the left ventricle (LV) due to low resolution and partial-volume effects. In this article we develop a method to calculate the LVEF from gated SPECT data without edge detection and compare it with the QGS method of calculating the LVEF. Methods: The short-axis images were transformed to the prolate spheroid coordinate system, and detection of the layer of maximum counts (a surface area of maximum counts) was made. First, the volume enclosed by the layer of maximum counts (V-max) was calculated; then the corresponding ejection fraction [(LVEF)(max)] was calculated. The LVEF was calculated by multiplying the (LVEF)(max) by a constant factor, which was determined from a series of calculations made using QGS on larger hearts. In computer simulations the end-diastolic left ventricular volume (EDV) and the targeted LVEF (tLVEF) were varied to produce LVs of different sizes. The LVs were modeled by 2 confocal hemiellipsoids with 7 different EDVs. The tLVEF was increased from 25% to 75%, in 5% step-size increments, for a total of 11 different ejection fractions. These datasets were then smoothed, creating a total of 77 smoothed sets. The smoothed images were processed by the QGS method and by our method. In patient studies, 58 patient datasets were processed by the QGS method and by our method. No attenuation correction was performed on these datasets. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 44 patients with large hearts (EDV 80 mL) and 14 patients with small hearts (EDV < 80 mL). Results: In computer simulations, the QGS method and our method performed well when imaging large EDVs (EDV greater than or equal to 80 mL). Our method derived better results than did the QGS method for small EDVs, In patient studies the LVEF calculated by our method matched well with the QGS LVEF in the 44 patients with large hearts. The correlation coefficient between them was found to be 0.957. Of the 14 patients with small hearts, the LVEFs of 5 patients were severely overestimated by the QGS method compared with the results obtained with our method. Conclusion: It is possible to calculate the LVEF without edge detection. Compared with QGS LVEF, our method gave better results for small LVs in computer simulations. C1 Univ Utah, Med Imaging Res Lab, Ctr Adv Med Technol, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Feng, B (reprint author), Univ Utah, Med Imaging Res Lab, Ctr Adv Med Technol, Dept Radiol, 729 Arapeen Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. OI Sitek, Arkadiusz/0000-0002-0677-4002 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL39792] NR 11 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 6 BP 786 EP 794 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 559AJ UT WOS:000176001700017 PM 12050324 ER PT J AU Iwai, Y Yamanishi, T Nakamura, H Isobe, K Nishi, M Willms, RS AF Iwai, Y Yamanishi, T Nakamura, H Isobe, K Nishi, M Willms, RS TI Numerical estimation method of the hydrogen isotope inventory in the hydrogen isotope separation system for fusion reactor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ITER; fusion reactors; tritium; inventory; cryogenic distillation; isotope separation; liquid holdup; tritium handling; numerical estimation; fuel cycle; hydrogen isotopes; ISS ID DESIGN; ITER; DISTILLATION AB In the fuel cycle system of the ITER, a large fraction of tritium inventory is expected to be in the cryogenic distillation columns of the hydrogen isotope separation system (ISS). Therefore, the numerical estimation method of hydrogen isotopes inventory in the ISS with high precision is strongly required from safety point of view. Two series of experiments were performed to establish the numerical estimation method of the overall hydrogen isotope inventory in the ISS at steady state using ITER-scale large cryogenic distillation columns at the Tritium Systems Test Assembly in the Los Alamos National Laboratory under the US-Japan collaboration on tritium safety engineering. As a result of experiments, it was confirmed that the hydrogen isotope inventory in a cryogenic distillation column was estimated by the numerical estimation method proposed in this work with enough high precision from the engineering point of view, and it was proved that this method was applied for the ITER-scale cryogenic distillation columns. The precision of this estimation method was found to be almost independent on the composition profile in columns, and especially the liquid holdup ratio of deuterium to the volume of the column was less influential in the inner diameter of the packed section. In addition, the gaseous inventory in an ITER-scale cryogenic distillation column was found to have considerable impact on the total amount of holdup of the column. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tritium Engn Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tritium Syst Test Assembly, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Iwai, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tritium Engn Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RI IWAI, Yasunori/G-3773-2011 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ATOMIC ENERGY SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-1-13 SHIMBASHI MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0022-3131 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 6 BP 661 EP 669 DI 10.3327/jnst.39.661 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 585JF UT WOS:000177521100010 ER PT J AU Bitterwolf, TE Scallorn, WB Bays, JT Weiss, CA Linehan, JC Franz, J Poli, R AF Bitterwolf, TE Scallorn, WB Bays, JT Weiss, CA Linehan, JC Franz, J Poli, R TI Photochemical intermediates of trans-Rh(CO)L2Cl where L = PMe3, PBu3, and i-Pr2HN and cis-Rh(CO)(2)(i-Pr2HN)Cl in frozen organic glasses SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 222nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS_) CY AUG 30, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Chem Soc DE photolysis; amine derivatives; DFT analysis ID C-H ACTIVATION; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; BOND ACTIVATION; ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; REACTION DYNAMICS; CARBONYLATION AB The Nujol glass matrix photolyses of Rh(CO)(PMe3)(2)Cl (1), Rh(CO)(PBu3)(2)Cl (2), Rh(CO)(2)(i-Pr2HN)Cl (3), and Rh(CO)(i-Pr2HN)(2)Cl (4), have been examined. Phototolysis of 1 (lambda(irr) > 400 nm) and 2 (350 < lambda(irr) < 400 nm) give new species, A, with carbonyl stretching bands slightly below the parent bands. In the case of 1 this species appears to give rise to a second product, C, upon either extended photolysis or annealing, High-energy photolysis of 1, 2, and 4, result in loss of CO and formation of an IR silent species. RhL2Cl. In the case of 1 a new carbonyl species, B. is observed upon high-energy photolysis or annealing of a matrix containing CO and Rh(PMe3)(2)Cl. B may be converted to 1 by either back photolysis or annealing. Compound 3 undergoes photochemical CO-loss to form two isomeric photoproducts. Comparison of the carbonyl stretching frequencies of phosphine and ammine derivatives and photoproducts made it possible to eliminate PR, loss as the source of A. DFT calculations suggest that A may be a non-planar, triplet excited state of 1 or 2. DFT calculations also support the assignment of B to cis-Rh(CO)(PMe3)(2)Cl. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Bourgogne, Fac Sci Gabriel, Lab Synth & Electrosynth Organomet, F-21100 Dijon, France. RP Bitterwolf, TE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RI Poli, Rinaldo/C-7483-2017 OI Poli, Rinaldo/0000-0002-5220-2515 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 652 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 95 EP 104 AR PII S0022-328X(02)01312-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-328X(02)01312-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 567FA UT WOS:000176473700012 ER PT J AU Kino, H Aryasetiawan, F van Schilfgaarde, M Kotani, T Miyake, T Terakura, K AF Kino, H Aryasetiawan, F van Schilfgaarde, M Kotani, T Miyake, T Terakura, K TI GW quasiparticle band structure of CaB6 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th ISSP International Symposium on Correlated Electrons (ISSP-Kashiwa 2001) CY OCT 02-05, 2001 CL UNIV TOKYO, INST SOLID STATE PHYS, TOKYO, JAPAN HO UNIV TOKYO, INST SOLID STATE PHYS DE inorganic compounds; Ab initio calculations; electronic structure ID ELECTRON AB Much controversy is aroused in the electronic structure of hexaborides both in theories and experiments. In order to settle this problem, the quasiparticle energies are calculated including the effects of electron correlations beyond the local density approximation in the stoichiometric calcium hexaborides. It is shown that electron correlation does not open the band gap, contrary to the naive expectation. This semimetallic band structure coincides with the magnetic oscillation measurements, and the origin of this abnormal quasiparticle shifts is elucidated as being closely connected with the details of the wavefunctions in the non-local interaction terms. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RP Kino, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. RI kotani, takao/G-4355-2011 OI kotani, takao/0000-0003-1693-7052 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JUN-AUG PY 2002 VL 63 IS 6-8 BP 1595 EP 1597 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00118-X DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00118-X PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 572FF UT WOS:000176762300155 ER PT J AU Robinson, SD Freeman, SJ Balamuth, DP Carpenter, M Devlin, M Dong, BG Durell, JL Hausladen, P LaFosse, DR Lauritsen, T Leddy, MJ Lee, IY McLeod, R Lister, CJ Macchiavelli, AO Ragnarsson, I Sarantities, DG Seweryniak, D Taylor, RBE Varley, BJ AF Robinson, SD Freeman, SJ Balamuth, DP Carpenter, M Devlin, M Dong, BG Durell, JL Hausladen, P LaFosse, DR Lauritsen, T Leddy, MJ Lee, IY McLeod, R Lister, CJ Macchiavelli, AO Ragnarsson, I Sarantities, DG Seweryniak, D Taylor, RBE Varley, BJ TI High-spin structures and band termination effects in Cd-104 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL BANDS; NUCLEI; EXCITATIONS; STATES; COLLECTIVITY; DEFORMATIONS; GAMMASPHERE; ISOTOPES; REGION AB High-spin states in the neutron-deficient isotope Cd-104 were populated using the Cr-50(Ni-58,4p)Cd-104 reaction at a beam energy of 250 MeV The level scheme has been extended using triple gamma-ray coincidences to a spin of 29h and an excitation energy of 18.2 MeV. Several collective structures involving the excitation of h(11/2) neutrons have been observed to spins approaching 30h. The high-spin structure has been compared to the results of cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. C1 Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. China Inst Atom Energy, Dept Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Robinson, SD (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Robinson, Simon/0000-0001-7463-5162 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1415 EP 1431 AR PII S0954-3899(02)34451-7 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/28/6/320 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 566VP UT WOS:000176449200022 ER PT J AU Holladay, JD Jones, EO Phelps, M Hu, JL AF Holladay, JD Jones, EO Phelps, M Hu, JL TI Microfuel processor for use in a miniature power supply SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel reformer; microscale power; microdevice; MEMS; fuel cell; hydrogen generation AB A microscale fuel reformer for use with a miniature fuel cell has been built and operated at efficiencies that make them attractive for use as a miniature power supply for microelectronics. The fuel reformer and the results of initial tests are discussed. The fuel processor assembly consists of two vaporizer/preheaters, a heat exchanger, a combustor, and a steam reformer. Methanol was identified as a good candidate for use in the microscale reformer. A proprietary catalyst was developed to reform methanol. The catalyst was able to process a methanol water mixture (1:1 by weight) into a hydrogen-rich stream composed of 73-74 vol% H-2, 25-26 vol% CO2, and 0.6-1.2 vol% CO on a dry basis. Almost 3 mols of hydrogen per mol of methanol reacted, which approached the theoretical maximum. An integrated fuel processor that used proprietary catalyst in the reformer and catalytic combustion to provide the heat was designed and built, The reformer and combustor were each less than 5 mm(3) in volume. When 100 mW, of hydrogen was produced, a thermal efficiency of 9%, or an estimated 4.5% net efficiency (including a hypothetical fuel cell), was achieved. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacif NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Holladay, JD (reprint author), POB 999 MS K2-12, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 156 Z9 168 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 27 AR PII S0378-7753(01)01011-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)01011-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 562QV UT WOS:000176211200004 ER PT J AU Palo, DR Holladay, JD Rozmiarek, RT Guzman-Leong, CE Wang, Y Hu, JL Chin, YH Dagle, RA Baker, EG AF Palo, DR Holladay, JD Rozmiarek, RT Guzman-Leong, CE Wang, Y Hu, JL Chin, YH Dagle, RA Baker, EG TI Development of a soldier-portable fuel cell power system Part I: A bread-board methanol fuel processor SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE steam reforming of methanol; fuel cell systems; portable powers; hydrogen production; micro-reactor technology ID MICROCHANNEL AB A 15-W-e portable power system is being developed for the US Army that consists of a hydrogen-generating fuel reformer coupled to a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell. In the first phase of this project, a methanol steam reformer system was developed and demonstrated. The reformer system included a combustor. two vaporizers, and a steam reforming reactor. The device was demonstrated as a thermally independent unit over the range of 14-80 W, output. Assuming a 14-day mission life and an ultimate 1-kg fuel processor/fuel cell assembly, a base case was chosen to illustrate the expected system performance. Operating at 13 W,, the system yielded a fuel processor efficiency of 45% (LHV of H-2 out/LHV of fuel in) and an estimated net efficiency of 22% (assuming a fuel cell efficiency of 48%). The resulting energy density of 720 Wh/kg is several times the energy density of the best lithium-ion batteries. Some immediate areas of improvement in thermal management also have been identified, and an integrated fuel processor is under development. The final system will be a hybrid, containing a fuel reformer, a fuel cell. and a rechargeable battery. The battery will provide power for start-up and added capacity for times of peak power demand. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Pacif NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Palo, DR (reprint author), Pacif NW Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 19 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 34 AR PII S0378-7753(01)01010-2 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)01010-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 562QV UT WOS:000176211200005 ER PT J AU Nadeau, G Song, XY Masse, M Guerfi, A Brisard, G Kinoshita, K Zaghib, K AF Nadeau, G Song, XY Masse, M Guerfi, A Brisard, G Kinoshita, K Zaghib, K TI Effect of heat-treatment and additives on the particles and carbon fibers as anodes for lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE carbon fibers; lithium-ion batteries; mesocarbon microbeads; boron-doped carbon fiber ID CHARGE-DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS; INTERCALATION AB Carbon fiber (CF) and mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) precursors were heat-treated at 700-2800 degreesC, and the electrochemical and physical properties of the carbons were investigated. These carbons are quite different from natural graphite, which has a well-ordered layer planes where intercalation occur and two distinct surface sites. i.e. basal and edge plane sites. In the case of the fibers. intercalation occur by a single plane (circular area) or by two planes, the circular area and the cylindrical edge. For MCMBs. because of its sphere-like structure, this type of carbon is able to intercalate lithium ions more uniformly (i.e. 360). The effect of additives (B, Ag and Sn) in the two carbon samples (CF and MCMB) on the electrochemical performance was also investigated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, Serv Chim Mat, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Chim, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Zaghib, K (reprint author), Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, Serv Chim Mat, 1800 Lionel Boulet Montee Ste Julie, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. NR 5 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 86 EP 96 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00009-5 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00009-5 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 562QV UT WOS:000176211200013 ER PT J AU Macaluso, RT Sarrao, JL Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Goodrich, RG Browne, DA Fronczek, FR Chan, JY AF Macaluso, RT Sarrao, JL Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Goodrich, RG Browne, DA Fronczek, FR Chan, JY TI Crystal growth and structure determination of LaMIn5 (M = Co, Rh, Ir) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE heavy fermion; single-crystal; rare-earth intermetallics; superconductivity; LaCoIn5; LaRhIn5; LaIrIn5 ID HEAVY-FERMION SUPERCONDUCTOR; CERHIN5; URU2SI2; CEIRIN5; SYSTEM AB The compounds CeMIn5 (M = Co, Rh, Ir) have been shown to exhibit heavy fermion behavior. In order to better understand this effect and the nature of the observed superconductivity, we have synthesized and characterized the non-magnetic analogs, LaMIn5 (M = Co, Rh, Ir). The structures of LaCoIn5, LaRhIn5, and LaIrIn5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. CeMIn5 and LaMIn5 compounds are isostructural and adopt a tetragonal structure with space group P4/mmm, Z = 1. Lattice parameters are a = 4.6399(4) and c = 7.6151(6) Angstrom for LaCoIn5, a = 4.6768(3) and c = 7.5988(7) Angstrom for LaRhIn5, and a = 4.6897(6) and c = 7.5788(12) Angstrom for LaIrIn5, We compare these experimental data with band structure computations and examine structural trends that affect the magnetic and transport properties of these compounds. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Chan, JY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Chan, Julia/C-5392-2008 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Chan, Julia/0000-0003-4434-2160 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 166 IS 1 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1006/jssc.2002.9597 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 592HV UT WOS:000177932800030 ER PT J AU Rai, D Gorby, YA Fredrickson, JK Moore, DA Yui, M AF Rai, D Gorby, YA Fredrickson, JK Moore, DA Yui, M TI Reductive dissolution of PuO2(am): The effect of Fe(II) and hydroquinone SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE solubility; solubility product; PuO2(am); Pu(III); Pu(IV); redox reactions; thermodynamics; ion-interaction parameters ID NATURAL-WATERS; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; OXIDATION-STATES; HYDROUS OXIDE; PLUTONIUM; SOLUBILITY; SYSTEM; IRON; 25-DEGREES-C; PREDICTION AB PuO2(am) solubility was investigated as a function of time, for pH from 0.5 to 11, and in the presence of 0.001 M FeCl2 or 0.00052 M hydroquinone to determine the effect of environmentally important reducing agents on PuO2(am) solubilization under geological conditions. Equilibrium was reached in <4 days. The observed PuO2(am) solubilities were many orders of magnitude higher than the Pu(IV) concentrations predicted from thermodynamic data. Spectroscopic, solvent extraction, and thermodynamic analyses of data showed that Pu(III) was the dominant aqueous oxidation state. The experimental pH, pe, and Pu(III) concentrations from both the Fe(II) and hydroquinone systems provided a log K-0 value of 15.5 +/- 0.7 for [PuO2(am) + 4H(+) + e(-) reversible arrow Pu-3+ + 2H(2)O]. The data show that reduction reactions involving Fe(II) and hydroquinone are relatively rapid and that reductive dissolution of PuO2(am), hitherto ignored, may play an important role in controlling Pu behavior under reducing environmental conditions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Tokai Works, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Rai, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999 MISNP 7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 51 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 433 EP 453 DI 10.1023/A:1020200911842 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 594NW UT WOS:000178057900001 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Scale-invariant branch distribution from a soluble stochastic model SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE branch; fractal; growth; dielectric breakdown model ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN MODEL; CLUSTERS; GROWTH AB We consider a general model of branch competition that automatically leads to a critical branching configuration. This model is inspired by the 4-eta expansion of the dielectric breakdown model, but the mechanism of arriving at the critical point may be of relevance to other branching systems as well, such as fractures. The exact solution of this model clarifies the direct renormalization procedure used for the dielectric breakdown model, and demonstrates nonperturbatively the existence of additional irrelevant operators with complex scaling dimensions leading to discrete scale invariance. The anomalous exponents are shown to depend upon the details of branch interaction; we contrast with the branched growth model in which these exponents are universal to lowest order in 1-gamma, and show that the branched growth model includes an inherent branch interaction different from that found in the dielectric breakdown model. We consider stationary and non-stationary regimes, corresponding to different growth geometries in the dielectric-breakdown model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS 5-6 BP 1031 EP 1042 AR UNSP 0022-4715/02/0600-1031/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015105607546 PG 12 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 556MP UT WOS:000175853800005 ER PT J AU Habelitz, S Balooch, M Marshall, SJ Balooch, G Marshall, GW AF Habelitz, S Balooch, M Marshall, SJ Balooch, G Marshall, GW TI In situ atomic force microscopy of partially demineralized human dentin collagen fibrils SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dentin; collagen; atomic force microscopy; hydration ID I COLLAGEN; X-RAY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; APATITE INDUCTION; TENDON; ACID; PHOSPHOPROTEIN; PROTEOGLYCANS; HYDRATION; SURFACES AB Dentin collagen fibrils were studied in situ by atomic force microscopy (AFM). New data on size distribution and the axial repeat distance of hydrated and dehydrated collagen type I fibrils are presented. Polished dentin disks from third molars were partially demineralized with citric acid, leaving proteins and the collagen matrix. At this stage collagen fibrils were not resolved by AFM, but after exposure to NaOClaq for 100-240 s, and presumably due to the removal of noncollagenous proteins, individual collagen fibrils and the fibril network of dentin connected to the mineralized substrate were revealed. High-aspect-ratio silicon tips in tapping mode were used to image the soft fibril network. Hydrated fibrils showed three distinct groups of diameters: 100, 91, and 83 nm and a narrow distribution of the axial repeat distance at 67 nm. Dehydration resulted in a broad distribution of the fibril diameters between 75 and 105 nm and a division of the axial repeat distance into three groups at 67, 62, and 57 nm. Subfibrillar features (4 nm) were observed on hydrated and dehydrated fibrils. The gap depth between the thick and thin repeating segments of the fibrils varied from 3 to 7 nm. Phase mode revealed mineral particles on the transition from the gap to the overlap zone of the fibrils. This method appears to be a powerful tool for the analysis of fibrillar collagen structures in calcified tissues and may aid in understanding the differences in collagen affected by chemical treatments or by diseases. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Habelitz, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, 707 Parnassus Ave D-2260, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE09859] NR 52 TC 155 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 138 IS 3 BP 227 EP 236 AR PII S1047-8477(02)00029-1 DI 10.1016/S1047-8477(02)00029-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 596BT UT WOS:000178144400007 PM 12217661 ER PT J AU Li, H Sundaram, SK Blanc-Pattison, PA Li, LY AF Li, H Sundaram, SK Blanc-Pattison, PA Li, LY TI Spectroscopic study of neodymium(III) in sodium tellurite glass SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Ceram Soc ID JUDD-OFELT PARAMETERS; BORATE GLASSES; COMPOSITIONAL DEPENDENCE; PHOSPHATE; SILICATE; IONS; ND3+ AB The local environment of Nd-O in a sodium tellurite glass was elucidated as a function of Nd2O3 concentration, from 0.1 to 2.5 mol%, using optical spectroscopy. The Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory was used to determine the oscillator strength parameters (J-O parameters) of the glasses. According to the J-O parameters, a significant change in the local environment of Nd-O was suggested for the glass containing 1 mol% Nd2O3; the asymmetry of the Nd-O crystal field was shown to be at a maximum and the bond covalency at a minimum. The results were further supported by, a significant shift of the structural hypersensitive band of the glass with 1 mol% Nd2O3, as compared with those of the other glasses. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), PPG Ind Inc, Fundamental Sci Fiber Glass Sci & Technol, Glass Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1377 EP 1382 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 570PV UT WOS:000176667400005 ER PT J AU Subramania, G Constant, K Biswas, R Sigalas, MM Ho, KM AF Subramania, G Constant, K Biswas, R Sigalas, MM Ho, KM TI Visible frequency thin film photonic crystals from colloidal systems of nanocrystalline titania and polystyrene microspheres SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ORDERED MACROPOROUS MATERIALS; OPTICAL WAVELENGTHS; BAND-GAP; ARRAYS; VOIDS AB This work describes a simple and novel ceramic processing technique to form periodic ordered structures in ceramic materials with a uniform pore size distribution. This material shows photonic gaps at visible/near-IR wavelengths. Monodisperse colloidal polystyrene microspheres are self-organized into a crystalline structure of close-packed spheres in a suspension of nanocrystalline titania. The nanoparticle titania rills the intersphere region simultaneously during colloidal crystallization. Removal of the polystyrene microspheres by calcination at a temperature of 520degreesC results in a periodic porous structure with a high refractive index background material. Crystals having ordered regions, a few millimeters across with typical grain sizes of 50-70 mum, are grown as thin films on substrates including glass and silicon. Optical reflectivity measurements indicate peaks at the stop band wavelengths that scale with the pore size. Visual inspection and optical microscopy reveal uniform colored regions for crystals with periodicity comparable to visible wavelengths. Despite the presence of cracks resulting from drying and heat treatment as well as numerous grain boundaries, optical characterization clearly demonstrates a photonic band gap. Reflectance peaks due to a pseudogap can be shifted by application of high pressure. In the following sections we will describe the experimental procedure and discuss optical reflectance and transmission measurements that can reveal information about the crystals, namely, the lattice constant, the refractive index, and the filling fraction of the background material. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Subramania, G (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014 OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1383 EP 1386 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 570PV UT WOS:000176667400006 ER PT J AU Li, H Lee, J Libera, MR Lee, WY Kebbede, A Lance, MJ Wang, HY Morscher, GN AF Li, H Lee, J Libera, MR Lee, WY Kebbede, A Lance, MJ Wang, HY Morscher, GN TI Morphological evolution and weak interface development within chemical-vapor-deposited zirconia coating deposited on Hi-Nicalon (TM) fiber SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION; GROWTH; MATRIX; FILMS AB The phase contents and morphology of a ZrO2 fiber coating deposited at 1050degreesC on Hi-Nicalon(TM) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were examined as a function of deposition time from 5-120 min. The morphological evolution in the ZrO2 coating was correlated to the development of delamination within the ZrO2 coating. The delamination appears to occur as a result of: (i) continuous formation of tetragonal ZrO2 nuclei on the deposition surface; (ii) martensitic transformation of the tetragonal phase to a monoclinic phase on reaching a critical grain size; and (iii) development of significant compressive hoop stresses because of the volume dilation associated with the transformation. Our observations suggest that it will be of critical importance to further understand and eventually control the nucleation and grain growth behavior of CVD ZrO2 and its phase transformation behavior for its potential applications for composites. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Gen Elect Corp Res & Dev, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Elect Power Syst, Schenectady, NY 12345 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Ohio Aerosp Inst, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lee, WY (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RI Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016 OI Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1561 EP 1568 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 570PV UT WOS:000176667400034 ER PT J AU Mukundhan, P Du, HH Withrow, SP AF Mukundhan, P Du, HH Withrow, SP TI Sodium-accelerated diffusion of magnesium in silica and its retardation by aluminum SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; NITRIDE; KINETICS; CERAMICS AB Fused silica platelets were implanted or coimplanted with sodium, magnesium, and aluminum and annealed in 1 atm flowing oxygen at 900degreesC. Concentration depth profiles of these elements in the implanted samples were obtained using secondary ion mass spectrometry before and after the annealing treatment. The presence of fast-moving sodium markedly accelerated the diffusion of magnesium in silica. Incorporation of aluminum in silica significantly retarded the diffusion of sodium and magnesium. This study yielded valuable information for the understanding of the roles of various grain-boundary cations in oxidation of silica-forming ceramics. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mukundhan, P (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1613 EP 1615 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 570PV UT WOS:000176667400043 ER PT J AU Camara, GA Ticianelli, EA Mukerjee, S Lee, SJ McBreen, J AF Camara, GA Ticianelli, EA Mukerjee, S Lee, SJ McBreen, J TI The CO poisoning mechanism of the hydrogen oxidation reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-SUPPORTED PLATINUM; ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; PT-RU; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN REDUCTION; H-2/CO MIXTURES; PARTICLE-SIZE; ELECTROOXIDATION; MONOXIDE; ADSORPTION AB The CO tolerance mechanism of the hydrogen oxidation reaction was investigated on several highly dispersed carbon-supported nanocrystalline Pt and binary Pt alloys. For this purpose, current/potential behavior was derived from half-cells under actual proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating conditions and correlated with expressions derived from kinetic models. Kinetic analyses have shown that the CO poisoning effect on Pt/C, PtRu/C, and PtSn/C catalysts occurs through a free Pt site attack mechanism, involving bridge- and linear-bonded adsorbed CO. For all catalysts, the onset of CO oxidation occurs via the bridge- bonded species, but for PtRu/C and PtSn/C, the reaction starts at smaller potentials. Under this condition, the hydrogen oxidation currents are generated on the vacancies of a carbon monoxide adsorbed layer created when some of the bridge- bonded CO molecules are oxidized. The linearly adsorbed CO is oxidized at higher overpotentials, leading to an increase of the holes on the CO layer and thus of the rate of the hydrogen oxidation process. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM edsont@iqsc.sc.usp.br RI Camara, Giuseppe/G-2247-2011; Ticianelli, Edson/D-1560-2012 OI Ticianelli, Edson/0000-0003-3432-2799 NR 41 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 149 IS 6 BP A748 EP A753 DI 10.1149/1.1473775 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 551MD UT WOS:000175564700012 ER PT J AU Fransson, L Nordstrom, E Edstrom, K Haggstrom, L Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM AF Fransson, L Nordstrom, E Edstrom, K Haggstrom, L Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM TI Structural transformations in lithiated eta '-Cu6Sn5 electrodes probed by in situ Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC INSERTION ELECTRODES; LITHIUM-ION-BATTERIES; IN-SITU; LI; ANODES AB The electrochemical reaction of lithium with eta'-Cu6Sn5, hereafter generally referred to as Cu6Sn5, has been investigated. Two complementary techniques, which provide a consistent picture of the structural changes that occur during discharge and charge, have been used in this study: in situ Sn-119 Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The data confirm earlier reports that Cu6Sn5 initially undergoes a phase transition on lithiation to form a Li2CuSn-type structure, and that further lithiation results in copper extrusion and, ultimately, the formation of a compound resembling Li4.4Sn. The Mossbauer and XRD data provide strong evidence for solid-solution behavior in the Li-Cu-Sn system. The reversibility of the reaction to regenerate the Cu6Sn5 structure is compromised by an inability of the extruded copper to be completely reincorporated during charge, particularly when Li/Cu6Sn5 cells are deeply discharged to 0 V vs. lithium metal, or if nickel rather than copper is used as the current collector. Part of the capacity loss observed on the initial cycle is attributed to irreversible reactions with tin oxides in the electrode and to reactions of the lithiated Cu6Sn5 electrode with the electrolyte. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem Mat, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Angstrom Lab, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fransson, L (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem Mat, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 19 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 149 IS 6 BP A736 EP A742 DI 10.1149/1.1471888 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 551MD UT WOS:000175564700010 ER PT J AU Veeraraghavan, B Durairajan, A Haran, B Popov, B Guidotti, R AF Veeraraghavan, B Durairajan, A Haran, B Popov, B Guidotti, R TI Study of Sn-coated graphite as anode material for secondary lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-CAPACITY; MICROENCAPSULATED GRAPHITE; NEGATIVE ELECTRODE; OXIDE; BEHAVIOR; CARBONS AB Tin-graphite composites have been developed as an alternate anode material for Li-ion batteries using an autocatalytic deposition technique. The specific discharge capacity, coulombic efficiency, rate capability behavior, and cycle life of Sn-C composites has been studied using a variety of electrochemical methods. The amount of tin loading and the heating temperature have a significant effect on the composite performance. The synthesis conditions and Sn loading on graphite have been optimized to obtain the maximum reversible capacity for the composite electrode. Heating the composite converts it from amorphous to crystalline form. Apart from higher capacity, Sn-graphite composites possesses higher coulombic efficiency, better rate capability, and longer cycle life than the bare synthetic graphite. Current studies are focused on reducing the first cycle irreversible capacity loss of this material. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Veeraraghavan, B (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 22 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 35 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 149 IS 6 BP A675 EP A681 DI 10.1149/1.1470653 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 551MD UT WOS:000175564700002 ER PT J AU Schilling, CH Sikora, M Tomasik, P Li, CP Garcia, V AF Schilling, CH Sikora, M Tomasik, P Li, CP Garcia, V TI Rheology of alumina-nanoparticle suspensions: effects of lower saccharides and sugar alcohols SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Al2O3; nanoparticles; rheology; suspensions; saccharides ID CERAMIC POWDERS; POLYSACCHARIDES AB We empirically correlated the rheology of aqueous suspensions of ultrafine (40 nm diameter) gamma-alumina powder with the concentration and structure of the following sugars and sugar alcohols: maltodextrin, sorbitol, maltitol, D-fructose, D-glucose and sucrose. It is shown that several monosaccharides, especially pentoses and sugar alcohols, significantly improve fluidity of aqueous suspensions and high-density pastes of alumina powder. In hexoses, the orientation of the 4-hydroxyl group plays a key role in controlling alumina-suspension rheology. The green strength and the sintering densification of slip cast alumina pellets were not affected by the addition of 5 wt.% of either arabinose, xylose, mannitol, or maltitol, (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Agr, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. RP Schilling, CH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 6 BP 917 EP 921 AR PII S0955-2219(01)00393-4 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(01)00393-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 537YM UT WOS:000174787300013 ER PT J AU Schilling, CH Li, CP Tomasik, P Kim, JC AF Schilling, CH Li, CP Tomasik, P Kim, JC TI The rheology of alumina suspensions: influence of polysaccharides SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Al2O3; plastic forming; rheology; saccharides; suspensions ID INJECTION-MOLDING PROCESS; SLURRIES; BEHAVIOR; FORCES; STARCH; GREEN; SUGAR AB We empirically correlated the rheology of aqueous suspensions of submicron alumina powder with the concentration, structure, and molecular weight of various polysaccharides that were added to these suspensions. We focus on the question of how to increase the alumina concentration to the highest level possible and still maintain a sufficient degree of plasticity to enable shape forming by plastic molding. We showed that, without polysaccharide, 30 vol.% alumina suspensions are thixotropic. These suspensions exhibited highly fluid, Bingham-plastic-like behavior upon the addition of maltodextrins and dextrans having low molecular weight. Branching of polysaccharide additives is not beneficial for the rheology of 30 vol.% alumina suspensions and 52-vol. %-alumina-filter-cakes. We observed that maltodextrins and potato dextrin (6.6 kDa) enabled filtration of plastic masses of alumina that were easily ram pressed. These materials dried into a strong, crack-free condition that could be handled without breaking. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Agr, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. RP Schilling, CH (reprint author), Saginaw Valley State Univ, Univ Ctr, MI USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 6 BP 923 EP 931 AR PII S0955-2219(01)00394-6 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(01)00394-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 537YM UT WOS:000174787300014 ER PT J AU Jennings, J Colak, N Rubinstein, F AF Jennings, J Colak, N Rubinstein, F TI Occupancy and time-based lighting controls in open offices SO JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRIVATE OFFICES AB We present analyses of two years' lighting data in open office areas, controlled by occupant sensors, time scheduling, or wall switches alone. We compare the energy sayings, using a before-after analysis of time scheduling and a conservative "moving baseline" analysis of both occupant sensing and Lime scheduling. Both techniques saved energy effectively when no occupants were present compared with W-all switches alone. Time scheduling saved from 0.7 to 6.6 percent or an average of about 5 percent. Occupant sensors in similar areas saved from 9.0 to 14.6 percent, with an average of about 10 percent. False triggering of occupant sensors (by passersby) that would have caused energy waste was avoided by the presence of wall switches that positively turned lights off. Variations in occupant schedules and habits affected overall lighting energy use and the appropriateness of different control apes. Little savings were found during the normal 8am to 5pm workday from either technology in large offices, but significant savings occurred after hours and on weekends. Our findings contrast with previous results for private offices in which only a single occupant is present, strengthening the evidence that different types of office space can be controlled appropriately with different types of control systems. However, small percentage savings in open areas can result in larger actual savings due to the larger number of fixtures controlled. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jennings, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINAT ENG SOC NORTH AMER PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL ST, 17TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10005-4001 USA SN 0099-4480 J9 J ILLUM ENG SOC JI J. Illum. Eng. Soc. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 86 EP + PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 750UB UT WOS:000187015800009 ER PT J AU Dodds, WK Lopez, AJ Bowden, WB Gregory, S Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK Hershey, AE Marti, E McDowell, WH Meyer, JL Morrall, D Mulholland, PJ Peterson, BJ Tank, JL Valett, HM Webster, JR Wollheim, W AF Dodds, WK Lopez, AJ Bowden, WB Gregory, S Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK Hershey, AE Marti, E McDowell, WH Meyer, JL Morrall, D Mulholland, PJ Peterson, BJ Tank, JL Valett, HM Webster, JR Wollheim, W TI N uptake as a function of concentration in streams SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE advective transport; ammonium; areal uptake; benthos; kinetics; nitrate; nitrogen; mass transport ID FOREST STREAM; PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE; FRESH-WATERS; NITROGEN; AMMONIUM; RETENTION; DYNAMICS; COMMUNITIES; METABOLISM; PHOSPHATE AB Detailed studies of stream N uptake were conducted in a prairie reach and gallery forest reach of Kings Creek on the Konza Prairie Biological Station. Nutrient uptake rates were measured with multiple short-term enrichments of NO3- and NH4+ at constant addition rates in the spring and summer of 1998. NH4+ uptake was also measured with N-15-NH4+ tracer additions and short-term unlabeled NH4+ additions at 12 stream sites across North America. Concurrent addition of a conservative tracer was used to account for dilution in all experiments. NH4+ uptake rate per unit area (U-t) was positively correlated to nutrient concentration across all sites (r(2) = 0.41, log-log relationship). Relationships between concentration and U-t were used to determine whether the uptake was nonlinear (i.e., kinetic uptake primarily limited by the biotic capacity of microorganisms to accumulate nutrients) or linear (e.g., limited by mass transport into stream biofilms). In all systems, U-t was lower at ambient concentrations than at elevated concentrations. Extrapolation from uptake measured from a series of increasing enrichments could be used to estimate ambient U-t Linear extrapolation of U-t assuming the relationship passes through the origin and rates measured at 1 elevated nutrient concentration underestimated ambient U-t by similar to3-fold. Uptake rates were saturated under some but not all conditions of enrichment; in some cases there was no saturation up to 50 mumol/L. The absolute concentration at which U-t was saturated in Kings Creek varied among reaches and nutrients. Uptake rates of NH4+ at ambient concentrations in all streams were higher than would be expected, assuming U-t does not saturate with increasing concentrations. At ambient nutrient concentrations in unpolluted streams, U-t is probably limited to some degree by the kinetic uptake capacity of stream biota. Mass transfer velocity from the water column is generally greater than would be expected given typical diffusion rates, underscoring the importance of advective transport. Given the short-term spikes in nutrient concentrations that can occur in streams (e.g., in response to storm events), U-t may not saturate, even at high concentrations. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Zool, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Blances 17300, Girona, Spain. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Expt Stream Facil, Milford, OH 45150 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Dodds, WK (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM wkdodds@ksu.edu RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Marti, Eugenia/J-9146-2012; Bowden, William/J-9219-2014; Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014 OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Marti, Eugenia/0000-0002-6910-4874; Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017 NR 40 TC 142 Z9 145 U1 6 U2 69 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 206 EP 220 DI 10.2307/1468410 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 561TP UT WOS:000176159000002 ER PT J AU Yarotski, DA Averitt, RD Negre, N Crooker, SA Taylor, AJ Donati, GP Stintz, A Lester, LF Malloy, KJ AF Yarotski, DA Averitt, RD Negre, N Crooker, SA Taylor, AJ Donati, GP Stintz, A Lester, LF Malloy, KJ TI Ultrafast carrier-relaxation dynamics in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; LASER-DIODES; CAPTURE AB We apply the recently developed technique of ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy to study carrier dynamics in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum-dot samples. The results obtained with this new technique are compared with standard ensemble-averaging ultrafast optoelectronic techniques such as femtosecond optical pump/probe reflectivity measurements and time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. These measurements reveal a unified picture of the relaxation dynamics in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum-dot samples at T = 300 K. The initial carrier relaxation proceeds by Auger carrier capture from the InAs wetting layer on a time scale of 1-2 ps, followed by recombination of carriers in the wetting layer, GaAs substrate, and quantum dots on time scales of 350 ps, 2.3 ns, and 900 ps, respectively. The consistency of these three experimental techniques demonstrates ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy as a reliable tool for probing the local dynamics of nanostructures. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Yarotski, Dmitry/G-4568-2010; Malloy, Kevin/E-5994-2010 NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1480 EP 1484 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.001480 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 562NV UT WOS:000176205700034 ER PT J AU Novitsky, V Smith, UR Gilbert, P McLane, MF Chigwedere, P Williamson, C Ndung'u, T Klein, I Chang, SY Peter, T Thior, I Foley, BT Gaolekwe, S Rybak, N Gaseitsiwe, S Vannberg, F Marlink, R Lee, TH Essex, M AF Novitsky, V Smith, UR Gilbert, P McLane, MF Chigwedere, P Williamson, C Ndung'u, T Klein, I Chang, SY Peter, T Thior, I Foley, BT Gaolekwe, S Rybak, N Gaseitsiwe, S Vannberg, F Marlink, R Lee, TH Essex, M TI Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C molecular phylogeny: Consensus sequence for an AIDS vaccine design? SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; FULL-LENGTH CLONES; HIV TYPE-1; RHESUS MACAQUES; BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ATTENUATED SIV; CHIMERIC VIRUS; DNA-SEQUENCES; V3 LOOP AB An evolving dominance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C (HIV-1C) in the AIDS epidemic has been associated with a high prevalence of HIV-1C infection in the southern African countries and with an expanding epidemic in India and China. Understanding the molecular phylogeny and genetic diversity of HIV-1C viruses may be important for the design and evaluation of an HIV vaccine for ultimate use in the developing world. In this study we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships (i) between 73 nonrecombinant HIV-1C near-full-length genome sequences, including 51 isolates from Botswana; (ii) between HIV-1C consensus sequences that represent different geographic subsets; and (iii) between specific isolates and consensus sequences. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of 73 near-full-length genomes, 16 "lineages" (a term that is used hereafter for discussion purposes and does not imply taxonomic standing) were identified within HIV-1C. The lineages were supported by high bootstrap values in maximum-parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses and were confirmed by the maximum-likelihood method. The nucleotide diversity between the 73 HIV-1C isolates (mean value of 8.93%; range, 2.9 to 11.7%) was significantly higher than the diversity of the samples to the consensus sequence (mean value of 4.86%; range, 3.3 to 7.2%, P < 0.0001). The translated amino acid distances to the consensus sequence were significantly lower than distances between samples within all HIV-1C proteins. The consensus sequences of HIV-1C proteins accompanied by amino acid frequencies were presented (that of Gag is presented in this work; those of Pol, Vif, Vpr, Tat, Rev, Vpu, Env, and Nef are presented elsewhere [http://www.aids.harvard.edu/lab_research/concensus_sequence.htm]). Additionally, in the promoter region three NF-κB sites (GGGRNNYYCC) were identified within the consensus sequences of the entire set or any subset of HIV-1C isolates. This study suggests that the consensus sequence approach could overcome the high genetic diversity of HIV-1C and facilitate an AIDS vaccine design, particularly if the assumption that an HIV-1C antigen with a more extensive match to the circulating viruses is likely to be more efficacious is proven in efficacy trials. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Cape Town, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Botswana Harvard Partnership HIV Res & Educ, Gaborone, Botswana. Natl Blood Transfus Ctr, Natl Hlth Lab, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Essex, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI , Carolyn/0000-0003-0125-1226; Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296; Ndung'u, Thumbi/0000-0003-2962-3992 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW000004, TW00004]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI047067, AI43255, AI47067, R01 AI043255]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD037793] NR 57 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 76 IS 11 BP 5435 EP 5451 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.11.5435-5451.2002 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA 551EF UT WOS:000175546000015 PM 11991972 ER PT J AU Zelicoff, AP Pezzullo, JC AF Zelicoff, AP Pezzullo, JC TI Thyroid cancer 15 years after Chernobyl SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Zelicoff, AP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9321 BP 1946 EP 1947 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08752-4 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 558PL UT WOS:000175975700036 PM 12057579 ER PT J AU Martinolli, E Batani, D Perelli-Cippo, E Scianitti, F Koeing, M Santos, JJ Amiranoff, F Baton, SD Hall, T Key, M Mackinnon, A Snavely, R Freeman, R Andersen, C King, J Stephens, R Le Gloahec, MR Rousseaux, C Cowan, TE AF Martinolli, E Batani, D Perelli-Cippo, E Scianitti, F Koeing, M Santos, JJ Amiranoff, F Baton, SD Hall, T Key, M Mackinnon, A Snavely, R Freeman, R Andersen, C King, J Stephens, R Le Gloahec, MR Rousseaux, C Cowan, TE TI Fast electron transport and heating in solid-density matter SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Matter in Super-Intense Laser Fields: Short Pulse Superstrong Laser-Plasma Interactions CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2001 CL S FELIU DE GUIXOLS, SPAIN DE fast electron beam; fast ignitor; K-alpha spectroscopy; X-ray spectrometer AB Two experiments have been performed to investigate heating by high-intensity laser-generated electrons, in the context of studies of the fast ignitor approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF). A new spectrometer and layered targets have been used to detect K-alpha emission from aluminum heated by a fast electron beam. Results show that a temperature of about 40 eV is reached in solid density aluminum up to a depth of about 100 mum. C1 Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, INFM, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Laser Intenses, Palaiseau, France. Univ Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Gen Atom Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Perelli-Cippo, E (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini, Piazza Sci 3, I-20126 Milan, Italy. RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011; OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X; Perelli Cippo, Enrico/0000-0002-8151-3427; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1017/S0263034602202037 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 623TZ UT WOS:000179720100004 ER PT J AU Borghesi, M Campbell, DH Schiavi, A Willi, O Mackinnon, AJ Hicks, D Patel, P Gizzi, LA Galimberti, M Clarke, RJ AF Borghesi, M Campbell, DH Schiavi, A Willi, O Mackinnon, AJ Hicks, D Patel, P Gizzi, LA Galimberti, M Clarke, RJ TI Laser-produced protons and their application as a particle probe SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Matter in Super-Intense Laser Fields: Short Pulse Superstrong Laser-Plasma Interactions CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2001 CL S FELIU DE GUIXOLS, SPAIN DE e.m. fields diagnosis; laser-plasma interaction; particle acceleration ID ION-ACCELERATION; SOLID TARGETS; PLASMA; BEAMS; TRANSPORT; RADIATION; ELECTRON; PULSES AB One of the most exciting results recently obtained in the ultraintense interaction research area is the observation of beams of protons with energies up to several tens of megaelectron volts, generated during the interaction of ultraintense picosecond pulses with solid targets. The particular properties of these beams (high brilliance, small source size, high degree of collimation, short duration) make them of exceptional interest in view of diagnostic applications. In a series of experiments carried out at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) and at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), the laser-produced proton beams have been characterized in view of their application as a particle probe for high-density matter, and applied to diagnose ultraintense laser plasma interactions. In general, the intensity cross section of a proton beam traversing matter will be modified both by collisional stopping/scattering, and deflections caused by electric/magnetic fields. With a suitable choice of irradiation geometry and target parameters, the proton probe can be made mainly sensitive to the electric field distribution in the object probed. Therefore, point projection proton imaging appears as a powerful and unique technique for electric field detection in laser-irradiated targets and plasmas. The first measurements of transient electric fields in high-intensity laser-plasma interactions have been obtained with this technique. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, London, England. Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Laser & Plasmaphys, Dusseldorf, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. CNR, IFAM, Intense Laser Irradiat Lab, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Chilton, England. RP Borghesi, M (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Galimberti, Marco/J-8376-2016; Schiavi, Angelo/D-2924-2017; Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Gizzi, Leonida/F-4782-2011; Borghesi, Marco/K-2974-2012; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Galimberti, Marco/0000-0003-0661-7282; Schiavi, Angelo/0000-0002-7081-2747; Gizzi, Leonida A./0000-0001-6572-6492; Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 269 EP 275 DI 10.1017/S0263034602202177 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 623TZ UT WOS:000179720100018 ER PT J AU Zhu, P Li, JCM Liu, CT AF Zhu, P Li, JCM Liu, CT TI Reaction mechanism of combustion synthesis of NiAl SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE combustion synthesis; nickel; aluminum; self-propagating high-temperature synthesis; nickel aluminide; reaction mechanism; interface phases; liquid-solid reaction; supersaturation; intermetallics ID PHASE-FORMATION; NICKEL; ALUMINUM AB Based on precise temperature measurements during combustion and microstructural analysis of quenched samples, the evolution of reaction of the NiAl combustion synthesis has been studied. The combustion reaction of a multilayer Ni/Al system takes place in a thermal explosion mode under near adiabatic conditions. The experimental results clearly show that the combustion reaction starts right after the melting of Al. From the start to completion, the reaction goes through three stages. In the first stage, the temperature rises from the melting point of aluminum to the decomposition temperature of the intermediate phase NiAl3 i.e. 854 degreesC. The reaction is the dissolution of nickel in liquid aluminum, with the formation of small amounts of intermediate phases NiAl3 and Ni2Al3 at the solid-liquid interface. In the second stage, the temperature of the system increases from 854 to about 1300 degreesC. The reaction is still the dissolution of nickel in liquid aluminum solution. However, due to supersaturation, solid NiAl precipitates out at about 1300 degreesC, generates a great deal of heat and increases the temperature suddenly. The third stage starts at about 1300 degreesC, and ends at the maximum reaction temperature. The reaction rate of this stage is much higher (two orders higher) than that of first and second stages. The final product, liquid NiAl, forms at this stage. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Coll Arts Sci & Engn, Mat Sci Program, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, JCM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Coll Arts Sci & Engn, Mat Sci Program, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 17 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 57 EP 68 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01549-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01549-0 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600011 ER PT J AU Jiao, Z Whang, SH Yoo, MH Feng, Q AF Jiao, Z Whang, SH Yoo, MH Feng, Q TI Stability of ordinary dislocations on cross-slip planes in gamma-TiAl SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE titanium aluminides; line tension; kink pair interaction energy; (110) cross-slip ID POSITIVE TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PINNING-UNZIPPING MODEL; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; YIELD STRESS; DEFORMATION; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; COMPOUND; ALLOYS AB Ordinary dislocations in gamma-TiAl frequently cross-slip onto various non-primary slip planes at high temperatures. The anomalous hardening in gamma-TiAl was believed to be linked to cross-slip behavior. Therefore, the stability of ordinary dislocations and the interaction energy of kink pairs or jog pairs in these cross-slip planes were examined to understand the cross-slip behavior. The energy factors and line tension for 1/2<110] screw dislocations in gamma-TiAl were calculated on the basis of the Sextic formalism. Inverse Wulff plots were applied to determine the instability of dislocations on (111), (110) and (001) glide planes. The dislocations are stable due to the convexity of the plots and always have positive line tension. The interaction energy in kink pairs on the cross-slip planes were calculated. The results show that the interaction energy was highly anisotropic in the cross-slip planes and was found to be the minimum on the (110) plane, which is consistent with the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations in the literature. The temperature effects on the stability and interaction energy were also investigated using six independent elastic constants at different temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jiao, Z (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 171 EP 176 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01557-X DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01557-X PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600026 ER PT J AU Yoshimi, K Yoo, MH Wereszczak, AA Borowicz, SM George, EP Miura, E Hanada, S AF Yoshimi, K Yoo, MH Wereszczak, AA Borowicz, SM George, EP Miura, E Hanada, S TI Deformation behavior Of Mo5Si3 single crystal at high temperatures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE intermetallic compound; molybdenum silicide; single crystal; mechanical properties; high temperature ID OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; BORON; SILICIDES; CREEP AB Compressive deformation behavior of D8(m)-type Mo5Si3 single crystals was investigated at temperatures between 1473 and 1723 K in an argon atmosphere. Four compression axes, namely [001], near-[111], near-[101] and [100] were chosen. Plasticity occurred at and above 1573 K, whereas at 1473 K. the crystals failed by brittle fracture before yielding. After high-temperature yielding, all crystals except the [001] crystal exhibited a large yield drop, followed by an apparent steady state flow. Slip traces of {110} and other relatively low index planes were observed on crystal surfaces. Dislocations were characterized on (001) slip plane by TEM, and <110>(001) slip was identified. Considering the constant-stress flow behavior as a steady-state creep process, it was estimated that a stress component is about 6 and ail apparent activation energy of deformation is approximately 490 U mol (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Auburn Univ, Grad Sch, Mat Engn Program, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Yoshimi, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Miura-Fujiwara, Eri/A-1023-2010; Miura-Fujiwara, Eri/B-3160-2008; George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Miura-Fujiwara, Eri/0000-0002-7672-3534; Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 16 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 228 EP 234 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01587-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01578-7 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600034 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Mishurda, JC Vasudevan, VK AF Leonard, KJ Mishurda, JC Vasudevan, VK TI Phase equilibria at 1100 degrees C in the Nb-Ti-Al system SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE Nb-Ti-Al; phase diagram; heat treatment; microstructure; electron microprobe ID TRANSFORMATIONS; DEFORMATION; ALLOYS; FRACTURE; SECTION AB The phase equilibria at 1100 degreesC has been examined as part of a larger investigation of the phase equilibria and transformations within the Nb-Ti-Al system. Fifteen alloys ranging in composition from 15 to 40 at.% Al, with Nb:Ti ratios of 1:1.5 up to 4:11, were prepared by arc-melting. The alloys were homogenized and solution treated in the beta (bcc) solid solution phase field prior to heat treatment at 1100 degreesC, and the microstructures characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The phase equilibria will be discussed along with a comparison with earlier experimental work. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01567-2 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600042 ER PT J AU George, EP Gubbi, AN Baker, I Robertson, L AF George, EP Gubbi, AN Baker, I Robertson, L TI Mechanical properties of soft magnetic FeCo alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE FeCo; soft magnetic material; mechanical properties; fracture; boron doping; alloying ID CO AB The brittle fracture of stoichiometric FeCo has long been a puzzle given its high-symmetry B2 crystal structure, 1/2<111>{110} slip, low ordering temperature and relatively low strength. Macroalloying with vanadium (approximate to 2%) improves ductility significantly in the disordered state, but only moderately in the ordered state. Brittle fracture is intergranular in the binary stoichiometric alloy, but is usually transgranular cleavage in the vanadium-containing alloy. Boron and carbon additions are shown not to suppress grain-boundary fracture nor improve the ductility of stoichiometric FeCo, but they produce significant ductility improvements in the ternary FeCo-2V alloy. The mechanism appears to be slip refinement by fine precipitates. It is also shown that for boron-doped (30 wppm) stoichiometric FeCo, the optimum vanadium content for good ductility is 2.1-2.5 wt.%. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Implant Innovat Inc, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP George, EP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 325 EP 333 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01594-5 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01594-5 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600048 ER PT J AU Thoma, DJ Nibur, KA Chen, KC Cooley, JC Dauelsberg, LB Hults, WL Kotula, PG AF Thoma, DJ Nibur, KA Chen, KC Cooley, JC Dauelsberg, LB Hults, WL Kotula, PG TI The effect of alloying on the properties of (Nb,Ti)Cr-2 C15 Laves phases SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE Laves phases; stoichiometry; defects; NbCr2; elastic properties; alloy design ID COMPOUND; NBCR2 AB The effect of composition on the ternary (NbCr2-TiCr2) C15 phase properties has been investigated. focusing upon the defect structure, elastic properties, and mechanical behavior. The C15 phase field is continuous between NbCr2-TiCr2, with a maximum phase field width of at least 7 at.% solubility. The defect mechanism is governed by anti-site constitutional defects for all alloys. Mechanically, the alloys display a maximum in hardness in the center of the ternary phase field (and a minimum of toughness). The ternary phase field has features that are characteristic of solid-solution strengthening mechanisms. Finally, the elastic properties indicate that the alloys become stiffer in the middle of the ternary phase field. The best compromise of properties occurs furthest from stoichiometry in the ternary phase field at the nominal composition of Nb19Ti19Cr62. The relationships between the defect structure, elastic properties, and mechanical response for the C15 phases are discussed using a combination of atomic size arguments and electronic structure analyses. From these relationships, alloy design strategies for NbCr2-based alloys are evaluated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. California Polytechn State Univ, Mat Engn Dept, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thoma, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011; Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759; NR 25 TC 46 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 408 EP 415 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01614-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01614-8 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600061 ER PT J AU Liu, CT Wright, JL Deevi, SC AF Liu, CT Wright, JL Deevi, SC TI Microstructures and properties of a hot-extruded TiAl containing no Cr SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE hot-extruded TiAl; no Cr; microstructures; properties ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALLOYING ADDITIONS AB Microstructures and tensile properties of the TiAl alloy CTI-8, with the composition of Ti-47Al-(2-4)Nb-(0.5-1.0)W-(0.08-0.18)B (at.%) were studied by hot extrusion at various temperatures below and above T-alpha (= 1315 degreesC). Both extrusion temperature and boron concentration are important in controlling lamellar structures in the alloy. Uniform grain structures were formed in the alloy with > 0.1% B, whereas abnormal grain growth was observed in the alloy containing less B and hot extruded at temperatures above 1350 degreesC. Electron microprobe studies revealed a non-uniform distribution of W and Nb in the extruded alloy, presumably due to the initiation of phase transformations involving the redistribution of these alloying elements in the alpha and gamma phases during cooling from the extrusion temperatures. Tensile properties at room and elevated temperatures are sensitive to microstructure and boron addition. The post-extrusion heat treatment at 1315 degreesC moderately lowers the yield strength but substantially increases the tensile ductility of CTI-8. Grain size is the key parameter in controlling the room-temperature ductility of TiAl alloys with and without Cr additions. Boron does not affect the yield strength but lowers the ductility of CTI-8 containing > 0.10% B. In comparison, hot-extruded CTI-8 is substantially stronger and much more ductile than other advanced TiAl alloys with lamellar and duplex structures. (C) 002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chrysalis Technol Incorp, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liuct@ornl.gov OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 416 EP 423 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01615-X DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01615-X PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600062 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Vasudevan, VK AF Leonard, KJ Vasudevan, VK TI Site occupancy preferences in the B2 ordered phase in Nb-rich Nb-Ti-Al alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE Nb-Ti-Al; site occupancy; ALCHEMI; order/disorder transformations; microscopy ID SYSTEM; TRANSFORMATIONS; ALUMINIDES; EQUILIBRIA; ALCHEMI AB The beta-(Nb, Ti) solid solution phase in the Nb-Ti-Al system has recently been observed to extend to Al concentrations as high as 40 at.%. Five alloys with compositions (in at.%) of Nb-xTi-15Al, where x = 17, 28.3 and 34, Nb-25Ti-25Al and Nb-24Ti-40Al were investigated. The beta-transus temperatures, lattice parameters and beta --> B2 (beta(o)) ordering temperatures are reported. Site occupancy preferences of the B2 lattice as a function of alloy composition were examined through the atom location by channeling enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI) technique with results presented as ordering tie lines. Ti substitution for Nb on Nb sublattice sites was observed in all of the alloys, with the strength of partitioning between Ti and Al atoms being dependent on alloy composition. A correlation between the partitioning behaviors of the atomic species and the Nb:Ti ratio of the alloy compositions was observed, along with changes in the lattice parameters and microhardness. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 461 EP 467 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01621-5 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01621-5 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600068 ER PT J AU Alman, DE Tylczak, JH Hawk, JA Schneibel, JH AF Alman, DE Tylczak, JH Hawk, JA Schneibel, JH TI An assessment of the erosion resistance of iron-aluminide cermets at room and elevated temperatures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE erosion resistance; iron-aluminide cermets; WC-Co; oxidation resistance ID PRESSURELESS MELT INFILTRATION; WC-CO; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES AB The resistance of FeAl-40 volume percent (v/o)TiB2, FeAl-80v/oTiC and FeAl-80v/oWC cermets to solid particle erosion was evaluated at 25, 180,500 and 700 degreesC and compared to the erosion behavior of WC-6 weight percent (w/o)Co (Co-90v/oWC) cemented carbides at the same temperatures. The relative ranking of the FeAl-cermets to erosion was from the most erosion resistant: FeAl-WC > FeAl-TiB2, > FeAl-TiC to the least erosion resistant. Erosion resistance was related to both cermet microstructure and material removal mechanisms. Even though the WC-Co contained a higher volume fraction of the hard phase, the erosion rates of the FeAl-cermets were roughly of the same magnitude to those of the WC-Co, particularly at the highest test temperature. The erosion rates of the FeAl-cermets were constant (FeAl-TiB2) or decreased (FeAl-WC, FeAl-TiC) with increasing test temperature; whereas, the erosion rates of the WC-Co increased with increasing test temperature. This behavior was related to the oxidation resistance Co binder as the test temperature was increased. Subsequent impact by the erodent particles easily removed the oxidized material, leading to an increase of about 300% in erosion rate of WC-Co at 700 degreesC compared to room temperature. The FeAl binder in the FeAl-cermets did not oxidize nearly as much at the elevated temperatures, hence, the erosion rates of these cermets stayed constant or decreased. The results of this study indicate, that once the microstructure (e.g. volume fraction, particle size. particle size distribution. etc.. of the hard phase) of the FeAl-cermets is optimized for erosion resistance these materials might make promising candidates for elevated temperature application where erosion is an operative wear mechanisms. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Off Fossil Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alman, DE (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Off Fossil Energy, 1450 Queen Ave, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM alman@alrc.doe.gov RI Tylczak, Joseph/C-7956-2009 OI Tylczak, Joseph/0000-0002-0391-2350 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 602 EP 609 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01511-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01511-8 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600088 ER PT J AU Abraham, DP Dietz, N AF Abraham, DP Dietz, N TI Role of laves intermetallics in nuclear waste disposal SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE stainless steel; zirconium; microscopy; intermetallics; polytypes; corrosion ID STEEL-ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; ZR ALLOY; PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURE; ZIRCALOY-4; OXIDATION; CHROMIUM; FORMS; IRON; FUEL AB Laves intermetallics (AB(2) compounds) play an important role in the disposal of metallic waste resulting from the electrometallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuel. These ZrFe2-type intermetallics incorporate and immobilize highly radioactive and long-lived constituents that are present in waste forms based on the stainless steel-zirconium (SS-Zr) alloys. This paper reviews the metallurgy of SS-Zr alloys with emphasis on Laves intermetallic behavior. Microscopy and diffraction Studies have shown that all actinide elements and most fission product elements are present only in the ZrFe2-type intermetallics of a stainless steel-15 wt.%, zirconium (SS-15Zr) waste form, whereas only molybdenum is incorporated in the ZrFe2-type intermetallics of a zirconium-8 wt.% stainless steel (Zr-8SS) alloy. Because of the importance of material durability to waste disposal, recent experiments have been aimed at determining the corrosion behavior of these intermetallics. Results from transmission electron microscopy of corrosion layers observed on the ZrFe2-type compounds are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abraham, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abraham@cmt.anl.gov NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 610 EP 615 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01512-X DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01512-X PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600089 ER PT J AU Hsiung, LM Nieh, TG Choi, BW Wadsworth, J AF Hsiung, LM Nieh, TG Choi, BW Wadsworth, J TI Interfacial dislocations and deformation twinning in fully lamellar TiAl SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE interfaces; dislocations; deformation twinning; creep deformation; lamellar TiAl ID CREEP; ALLOYS AB Deformation twinning, which takes place abnormally within lamellar TiAl subjected to creep deformation at strain rates as low as 10(-7) s(-1), has been found to be intimately related to the motion, pileup and dissociation of interfacial (Shockley partial) dislocations. Since the interfacial (Shockley partial) dislocations are energetically unfavorable to undergo cross-slip or climb, under normal conditions, they can only move conservatively along interfaces. Consequently, the pileup configuration once generated cannot be easily dissipated and thus remains in place even at elevated temperatures. The dislocation pileup eventually leads to the emission of deformation twins from the interfaces into gamma lamellae when a local stress concentration due to the dislocation pileup becomes sufficiently large. Deformation twinning of {111} <112> and {112} <111> types (both generate Sigma3 twin boundaries) has been observed. Both types of twinning can be rationalized by dislocation mechanisms involving the core dissociation of interfacial dislocations: 1/6[121]((111)) --> 1/6[011]((100)) + 1/6[112](1)11 and 1/6[121]((111)) --> 1/2[010]((001)) + 1/6[111]((11)2()). and the emission of 1/6<112> and 1/6<111> twinning dislocations into gamma lamellae to form the (111)[112]- and (112)[111]-type twins, respectively. The critical shear stress for the {111}<112>-type twinning is evaluated using the Peach-Koehler formula based upon the pileup configuration of interfacial dislocations. 0 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsiung, LM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, L-353,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hsiungl@llnl.gov RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 637 EP 643 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01661-6 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01661-6 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600093 ER PT J AU He, YH Liaw, PK Lu, Y Liu, CT Heatherly, L George, EP AF He, YH Liaw, PK Lu, Y Liu, CT Heatherly, L George, EP TI Effects of processing on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of binary Cr-Ta alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE microhardness; tensile; fracture-toughness ID IN-SITU COMPOSITES; CR-CR2NB; CHROMIUM; ADDITIONS; STABILITY; DUCTILITY AB The microhardness, and tensile and fracture-toughness properties of drop-cast and directionally-solidified Cr-9.25 at.% (atomic percent) Ta alloys have been investigated. Directional solidification was found to soften the alloy, which could be related to the development of equilibrium and aligned microstructures. It was observed that the tensile properties of the Cr-Ta alloys at room and elevated temperatures could be improved by obtaining aligned microstructures. The directionally-solidified alloy also showed increased fracture toughness at room temperature. This trend is mainly associated with crack deflection and the formation of shear ribs in the samples with aligned microstructures. The sample with better-aligned lamellae exhibits greater fracture toughness. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liaw, PK (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 696 EP 702 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01609-4 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01609-4 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600102 ER PT J AU Baker, I Wu, D Kruijver, SO George, EP AF Baker, I Wu, D Kruijver, SO George, EP TI The effects of environment on the room-temperature mechanical behavior of single-slip oriented FeAl single crystals SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE fracture; hydrogen embrittlement; FeAl; ductility; yield strength ID B2-ORDERED IRON ALUMINIDES; STRAIN-RATE; TENSILE PROPERTIES; EMBRITTLEMENT; DUCTILITY; HYDROGEN; BORON; DISLOCATIONS; SENSITIVITY; FRACTURE AB The effects of environment on fracture strain and yield strength have been studied in single-slip-oriented, iron-rich FeAl single crystals. During tensile tests, large fracture strains (> 40%) ensue when tests are conducted in oxygen. In contrast, in air, elongations are < 10%, whereas in vacuum typical elongations are similar to 20-30%. Cathodic hydrogen charging has little effect on the ductility of crystals tested in air. Interestingly, intermittent straining in air produced more ductility than continuous straining. Tests performed in air on Fe-40Al showed lower yield strengths than tests performed in vacuum, and in interrupted tests in which straining was performed alternately in either air and vacuum, higher flow stresses were observed under vacuum than in air. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Dept Engn Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Baker, I (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Dept Engn Sci, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 729 EP 733 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01518-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01518-0 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600108 ER PT J AU Sketchley, PD Threadgill, PL Wright, IG AF Sketchley, PD Threadgill, PL Wright, IG TI Rotary friction welding of an Fe3Al based ODS alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Structural and Functional Intermetallics CY JUL 16-19, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE Fe3Al; advanced heat exchangers; iron aluminides; ODS alloys; friction welding AB An Fe3Al based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy is under consideration for possible use as tubes in advanced heat exchangers, and it is necessary to investigate methods of joining the alloy to itself, and to Haynes 230 alloy. Previous experience on iron aluminides has shown them to be weldable by several processes, but it is known that fusion processes invariably lead to a loss of the Y2O3 oxide dispersion which is an essential feature of ODS alloys. Therefore, solid state processes offer a potential advantage, and in this work continuous drive rotary friction welding has been investigated as a method to join the Fe3Al ODS alloy in both the recrystallized and unrecrystallized condition. Trials were also undertaken to join both recrystallised and unrecrystallized material to Haynes 230 alloy. All welds were made in 15-mm diameter material, using a conventional continuous drive rotary friction welding machine. Welds were evaluated initially using tensile tests, and detailed metallographic observations of the grain size, and the nature of the solid state interface between the materials. It was found possible to make high quality welds containing no flaws for a variety of welding conditions. The microstructural condition of the Fe3Al ODS alloy had no apparent influence on weldability, and no difficulty was encountered in making the dissimilar metal joints. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the microstructures obtained, and are compared with other studies on joining iron aluminides and ODS alloys. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 TWI, Cambridge CB1 6AL, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Threadgill, PL (reprint author), TWI, Granta Pk, Cambridge CB1 6AL, England. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 329 SI SI BP 756 EP 762 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01656-2 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01656-2 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 572FJ UT WOS:000176762600112 ER PT J AU Aubert, JH AF Aubert, JH TI Removable epoxy adhesives based upon reversible Diels-Alder adducts SO MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Aubert, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATRICE TECHNOLOGY LIMITED PI POULTON PA PO BOX 41, POULTON FY6 8GD, ENGLAND SN 1066-7857 J9 MATER TECHNOL JI Mater. Technol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 74 EP 77 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 564RJ UT WOS:000176327100004 ER PT J AU Stern, R Arnold, M Descalle, MA Goldberg, Z Siantar, CH Walling, R AF Stern, R Arnold, M Descalle, MA Goldberg, Z Siantar, CH Walling, R TI Film dosimetry in the peripheral region using multiple sensitometric curves SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1205 EP 1205 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400076 ER PT J AU Rivard, M Leal, L Kirk, B AF Rivard, M Leal, L Kirk, B TI General methods for calculating the air kerma rate for clinical dosimetry of low-energy photon emitting brachytherapy sources SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1221 EP 1221 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400154 ER PT J AU Arnold, M Stern, R Descalle, M Goldberg, Z Hartmann-Siantar, C Walling, R AF Arnold, M Stern, R Descalle, M Goldberg, Z Hartmann-Siantar, C Walling, R TI Biological effects of low dose ionizing radiation in human subjects undergoing radiotherapy: Accuracy of Monte Carlo dose calculations in peripheral regions of radiotherapy beams SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1230 EP 1230 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400199 ER PT J AU Descalle, MA Siantar, CH Walling, R AF Descalle, MA Siantar, CH Walling, R TI Validation of an internal source model in the PEREGRINE system for targeted radionuclide therapy SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1234 EP 1235 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400221 ER PT J AU Descalle, MA Chuang, C Pouliot, J Walling, R AF Descalle, MA Chuang, C Pouliot, J Walling, R TI Impact of statistical noise on correlation between portal images and a Monte Carlo simulated megavoltage image for online EPID verification SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1241 EP 1242 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400254 ER PT J AU Guerrero, M Stewart, R Wang, J Li, X AF Guerrero, M Stewart, R Wang, J Li, X TI Equivalence of the linear-quadratic and the two-lesion kinetic models SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1249 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400288 ER PT J AU Fourkal, E Li, J Ding, M Tajima, T Ma, C AF Fourkal, E Li, J Ding, M Tajima, T Ma, C TI Particle selection system for laser-accelerated proton therapy SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1326 EP 1326 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400639 ER PT J AU Fourkal, E Shahine, B Ding, M Li, J Tajima, T Ma, C AF Fourkal, E Shahine, B Ding, M Li, J Tajima, T Ma, C TI Particle in cell simulation of laser accelerated proton beams for radiation therapy SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1326 EP 1326 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 565ME UT WOS:000176373400637 ER PT J AU Radnedge, L Agron, PG Worsham, PL Andersen, GL AF Radnedge, L Agron, PG Worsham, PL Andersen, GL TI Genome plasticity in Yersinia pestis SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE bacterial genome; comparative genomics; subtractive hybridization; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; INSERTION-SEQUENCE; GENE-TRANSFER; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; STRAINS; DNA; PLAGUE; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM AB Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, emerged recently (< 20 000 years ago) as a clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. There is scant evidence of genome diversity in Y. pestis, although it is possible to differentiate three biovars (antiqua, mediaevalis or orientalis) based on two biochemical tests. There are a few examples of restriction fragment length pollymorphisms (RFLPs) within Y. pestis; however, their genetic basis is poorly understood. In this study, six difference regions (DFRs) were identified in Y. pestis, by using subtractive hybridization, which ranged from 4-6 to 19 kb in size. Four of the DFRs are flanked by insertion sequences, and their sequences show similarity to bacterial genes encoding proteins for flagellar synthesis, ABC transport, insect toxicity and bacteriophage functions. The presence or absence of these DFRs (termed the DFR profile) was demonstrated in 78 geographically diverse strains of Y. pestis. Significant genome plasticity was observed among these strains and suggests the acquisition and deletion of these DNA regions during the recent evolution of Y. pestis. Y. pestis biovar orientallis possesses DFR profiles that are different from antiqua and mediaevalis biovars, reflecting the recent origins of this biovar. Whereas some DFR profiles are specific for antiqua and mediaevalis, some DFR profiles are shared by both biovars. Furthermore, the progenitor of Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis (an enteric pathogen), possesses its own DFR profile. The DFR profiles detailed here demonstrate genome plasticity within Y. pestis, and they imply evolutionary relationships among the three biovars of Y. pestis, as well as between Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-441,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 34 TC 53 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 22 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JUN PY 2002 VL 148 BP 1687 EP 1698 PN 6 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 564FR UT WOS:000176304800010 PM 12055289 ER PT J AU Bonhomme, F Thoma, SG Nenoff, TM AF Bonhomme, F Thoma, SG Nenoff, TM TI Two ammonium templated gallophosphates: synthesis and structure determination from powder diffraction data of 2D and 3D-GAPON SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ammonium templated gallophosphates; powder diffraction ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; GALLIUM PHOSPHATE; PARAMETERS; FRAMEWORK; PROGRAM; H2O AB Two new ammonium templated gallophosphates have been synthesized solvothermally using mixtures of ethylene glycol and water as solvent. The structure of both phases was determined from X-ray powder diffraction data. [Ga(PO4)(OH)](-) . [NH4](+) (2D-GAPON) crystallizes in monoclinic symmetry, space-group P2(1)/m with cell parameters a = 8.564(1) Angstrom, b = 6.0387(8) Angstrom, c = 4.4883(6) Angstrom, beta = 98.05(1)degrees and V = 229.84(3) Angstrom(3). Its two-dimensional structure consists of infinite anionic layers separated by ammonium cations. [Ga-2(PO4)(3)](3-).3[NH4](+) (3D-GAPON) has monoclinic symmetry, space-group C2/c with unit cell dimensions a = 13.462(2) Angstrom, b = 10.301(1) Angstrom, c = 8.992(1) Angstrom, beta = 111.28(1)degrees and V = 1161.9(6) Angstrom(3). Its three-dimensional structure contains constricted elliptical channels running along the c axis, which host the ammonium ions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Environm Monitoring & Characterizat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Environm Monitoring & Characterizat, POB 5800,MS 0755, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Bonhomme, Francois/0000-0002-8792-9239 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 53 IS 1-3 BP 87 EP 96 AR PII S1387-1811(02)00327-X DI 10.1016/S1387-1811(02)00327-X PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 559HE UT WOS:000176020100009 ER PT J AU Ratnayeke, S Tuskan, GA Pelton, MR AF Ratnayeke, S Tuskan, GA Pelton, MR TI Genetic relatedness and female spatial organization in a solitary carnivore, the raccoon, Procyon lotor SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE female dispersion; geographical space; philopatry; RAPD ID HOME-RANGE; CLETHRIONOMYS-RUFOCANUS; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; MATING SYSTEMS; RAPD MARKERS; POPULATION; PHILOPATRY; DISPERSAL; MAMMALS; EVOLUTION AB Among mammals, some of the most common types of cohesive social groupings originate from natal philopatry through the extended mother family. This retention of females within social groups (i.e. the nonrandom dispersion of female relatives in space) should affect population genetic structure. We examined the relationship between genetic relatedness and female spatial organization in a wild population of the North-American raccoon, Procyon lotor, a solitary carnivore in east Tennessee. Multilocus genetic band-sharing data and 3 1/2 years of radiotelemetry observations were used to study the spatial and genetic relationships among 38 adult females. DNA amplification employing primers of arbitrary sequence (random amplified polymorphic DNA; RAPD) indicated that female philopatry in raccoons led to a greater likelihood of neighbours being more related than expected by chance. Genetic distance based on RAPD band frequency was positively correlated with spatial distance among females (P = 0.0001) and genetic similarity was positively correlated with the extent of home-range overlap (P = 0.0028). Philopatry seemed biased towards females; average female-female similarities were greater than average male-male similarities (P = 0.0001), or average male-female similarities (P = 0.0001). High home-range overlap among some females with low or moderate levels of band sharing indicated that maternal inheritance of space was not a prerequisite for establishing or sharing home ranges. Female philopatry was the most probable explanation for the nonrandom spatial and genetic association of raccoons in east Tennessee. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ratnayeke, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, POB 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. EM sratnayeke@yahoo.com RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 60 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1124 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01505.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 556GL UT WOS:000175841000013 PM 12030986 ER PT J AU Prince, KL Glenn, TC Dewey, MJ AF Prince, KL Glenn, TC Dewey, MJ TI Cross-species amplification among peromyscines of new microsatellite DNA loci from the oldfield mouse (Peromyscus polionotus subgriseus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE dinucleotide repeats; PCR; Peromyscus; primer; Rodentia; SSR AB We describe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and conditions to amplify 11 micro-satellite DNA loci isolated from the oldfield mouse (Peromyscus polionotus subgriseus). These were tested for amplification using nine species and subspecies maintained at the Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, with an average success rate of 65% and two loci amplifying in all species. Polymorphism was tested within the P. polionotus subgriseus and the recently obtained P: maniculatus sonorensis colonies. P. p. subgriseus had modest numbers of alleles per locus (1-4), whereas P. m. sonorensis had many alleles per locus (5-10) and high expected heterozygosities (0.625-0.878). C1 Univ S Carolina, Peromyscus Genet Stock Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Prince, KL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Peromyscus Genet Stock Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 7 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 2 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00175.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 565LN UT WOS:000176371900018 ER PT J AU Lischka, H Dallos, M Shepard, R AF Lischka, H Dallos, M Shepard, R TI Analytic MRCI gradient for excited states: formalism and application to the n-pi* valence- and n-(3s,3p) Rydberg states of formaldehyde SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY HYPERSURFACES; SIZE-EXTENSIVE MODIFICATION; COUPLING MATRIX-ELEMENTS; UNITARY-GROUP-APPROACH; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; RESPONSE PROPERTIES; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; PROGRAM SYSTEM AB The previously developed formalism for the calculation of the analytic multireference (MR) CI energy gradient with respect to nuclear coordinates based on a single-state MCSCF calculation was extended to the case of state-averaged MCSCF. This extension is of particular importance for calculations of electronically excited states and enables automatic high-level geometry optimizations and saddle point searches on excited-state energy surfaces. Beyond MR-CI, the present analytic gradient method is also available for the MR-ACPF/AQCC methods including size-extensivity corrections for the multireference case. Full geometry optimizations for six electronic states of formaldehyde (valence and Rydberg states) are reported. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem & Struct Biol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Theoret Chem Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem & Struct Biol, Wahringerstr 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM hans.lischka@univie.ac.at RI Lischka, Hans/A-8802-2015 NR 57 TC 157 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 BP 1647 EP 1658 DI 10.1080/00268970210155121 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 565VH UT WOS:000176389800001 ER PT J AU Cygan, RT Wright, K Fisler, DK Gale, JD Slater, B AF Cygan, RT Wright, K Fisler, DK Gale, JD Slater, B TI Atomistic models of carbonate minerals: Bulk and surface structures, defects, and diffusion SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Calcite and Related Materials: Growth and Dissolution CY JAN, 2001 CL UNIV READING, READING, ENGLAND HO UNIV READING DE carbonate; calcite; shell model; surface; defect; diffusion ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; ALKALI-HALIDE CRYSTALS; EFFECTIVE IONIC RADII; CALCITE SURFACES; SHELL-MODEL; POLYMORPHS CALCITE; CATION DIFFUSION; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; ARAGONITE AB We review the use of interatomic potentials to describe the bulk and surface behaivor of carbonate materials. Interatomic pair potentials, describing the Ca(2+)-O interactions and the C-O bonding of the CO(3)(2-) anion group, are used to evaluate the lattice, elastic, dielectric, and vibrational data for calcite and aragonite. The resulting potential parameters for the carbonate group were then successfully transferred to models of the structures of rhombohedral carbonates of Mn, Fe, M, Ni, Zn, Co, and Cd. Simulations of the (10 (i) over bar4) cleavage surface of calcite, magnesite, and dolomite show that these surfaces undergo relaxation leading to the rotation and distortion of the carbonate group with associated movement of cations. The influence of water on the surface structure has been investigated for monolayer coverage. The extent of carbonate group distortion is greater for the dry surfaces compared to the hydrated surfaces, and for the dry calcite relative to that for dry dolomite or magnesite. Point defect calculations for the doping of calcite indicate an increase in defect formation energy with increasing size of the substituting divalent ion. Migration energies for Ca, Mg, and Mn in calcite suggest a strong preference for diffusion along pathways roughly parallel to the c-axis rather than along the ab-plane. C1 UCL, Dept Chem, London W1S 4BS, England. UCL, Dept Geol Sci, London W1S 4BS, England. Royal Inst Great Britain, Davy Faraday Res Labs, London W1S 4BS, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Johns Manville Tech Ctr, Littleton, CO 80162 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AY, England. RP Wright, K (reprint author), UCL, Dept Chem, Albemarle St, London W1S 4BS, England. RI Wright, Kate/A-1950-2008; Gale, Julian/B-7987-2009; OI Gale, Julian/0000-0001-9587-9457; Slater, Ben/0000-0001-9738-5848 NR 63 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PD JUN-JUL PY 2002 VL 28 IS 6-7 BP 475 EP 495 DI 10.1080/08927020290030099 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 561DJ UT WOS:000176122500002 ER PT J AU Deeks, SG Wagner, B Anton, PA Mitsuyasu, RT Scadden, DT Haung, C Macken, C Richman, DD Christopherson, C June, CH Lazar, R Broad, DF Jalali, S Hege, KM AF Deeks, SG Wagner, B Anton, PA Mitsuyasu, RT Scadden, DT Haung, C Macken, C Richman, DD Christopherson, C June, CH Lazar, R Broad, DF Jalali, S Hege, KM TI A phase II randomized study of HIV-specific T-cell gene therapy in subjects with undetectable plasma viremia on combination antiretroviral therapy SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Article DE gene therapy; adoptive immunotherapy; HIV infection; HIV reservoirs; highly active antiretroviral therapy ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; VIRAL REPLICATION; INFECTED SUBJECTS; ADOPTIVE TRANSFER; CD4(+); LYMPHOCYTES; PERSISTENCE; RESPONSES; IDENTIFICATION AB Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can suppress HIV replication to undetectable levels in plasma, but it is unlikely to eradicate cellular reservoirs of virus. Immunotherapies that are cytolytic may be useful adjuncts to drug therapies that target HIV replication. We have generated HIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells bearing a chimeric T-cell receptor (CD4zeta) composed of the extracellular and transmembrane domain of human CD4 (which binds HIVgp120) linked to the intracellular-zeta signaling chain of the CD3 T-cell receptor. CD4zeta-modified T cells can inhibit viral replication, kill HIV-infected cells in vitro, and survive for prolonged periods in vivo. We report the results of a phase II randomized trial of CD4zeta gene-modified versus unmodified T cells in 40 HIV-infected subjects on HAART with plasma viral loads <50 copies/ml. Serial analyses of residual blood and tissue HIV reservoirs were done for 6 months postinfusion. No significant between-group differences were noted in viral reservoirs following therapy. However, infusion of gene-modified, but not unmodified, T cells was associated with a decrease from baseline in HIV burden in two of four reservoir assays and a trend toward fewer patients with recurrent viremia. Both groups experienced a treatment-related increase in CD4(+) T-cell counts. C1 Cell Genesys Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. ViRx Inc, San Francisco, CA 94109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Hlth Sci, MRL 2734, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Adv Res Associates, Mt View, CA 94940 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. San Diego Vet Adm Hlth Care Syst, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. Univ Penn, Abramson Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hege, KM (reprint author), Cell Genesys Inc, 342 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00865, 5-M01-RR00083-37]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28697] NR 38 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6 BP 788 EP 797 DI 10.1006/mthe.2002.0611 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 560LC UT WOS:000176082700020 PM 12027564 ER PT J AU Smith, MC Mao, S Wozniak, P AF Smith, MC Mao, S Wozniak, P TI Parallax microlensing events in the OGLE II data base toward the Galactic bulge SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; Galaxy : bulge; Galaxy : centre ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; MACHO PROJECT; SUBTRACTION; SEARCH; STARS; HALO AB We present a systematic search for parallax microlensing events among a total of 512 microlensing candidates in the OGLE II data base for the 1997-1999 seasons. We fit each microlensing candidate with both the standard microlensing model and a parallax model that accounts for the Earth's motion around the Sun. We then search for the parallax signature by comparing the chi (2) of the standard and parallax models. For the events which show a significant improvement, we further use the 'duration' of the event and the signal-to-noise ratio as criteria to separate true parallax events from other noisy microlensing events. We have discovered one convincing new candidate, sc33_4505, and seven other marginal cases. The convincing candidate (sc33_4505) is caused by a slow-moving, and likely low-mass, object, similar to other known parallax events. We found that irregular sampling and gaps between observing seasons hamper the recovery of parallax events. We have also searched for long-duration events that do not show parallax signatures. The lack of parallax effects in a microlensing event puts a lower limit on the Einstein radius projected on to the observer plane, which in turn imposes a lower limit on the lens mass divided by the relative lens-source parallax. Most of the constraints are however quite weak. C1 Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, MC (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 332 IS 4 BP 962 EP 970 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05427.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 557KQ UT WOS:000175908100021 ER PT J AU Li, LS Walda, J Manna, L Alivisatos, AP AF Li, LS Walda, J Manna, L Alivisatos, AP TI Semiconductor nanorod liquid crystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALS; SHAPE; NANOPARTICLES; DNA; ORGANIZATION; CLUSTERS; POLYMER; PHASES; RODS AB Rodlike molecules form liquid crystalline phases with orientational order and positional disorder. The great majority of materials in which liquid crystalline phases have been observed comprise organic molecules or polymers, even though there has been continuing and growing interest in inorganic liquid crystals. Recent advances in the control of the sizes and shapes of inorganic nanocrystals allow for the formation of a broad class of new inorganic liquid crystals. Here, we show the formation of liquid crystalline phases of CdSe semiconductor nanorods. These new liquid crystalline phases may have great importance for both application and fundamental study. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Manna, Liberato/G-2339-2010; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Manna, Liberato/0000-0003-4386-7985; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 27 TC 220 Z9 224 U1 3 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP 557 EP 560 DI 10.1021/nl0255146 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 562KC UT WOS:000176195100001 ER PT J AU Eklund, PC Pradhan, BK Kim, UJ Xiong, Q Fischer, JE Friedman, AD Holloway, BC Jordan, K Smith, MW AF Eklund, PC Pradhan, BK Kim, UJ Xiong, Q Fischer, JE Friedman, AD Holloway, BC Jordan, K Smith, MW TI Large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes using ultrafast pulses from a free electron laser SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; DIAMETER; GROWTH; FIBERS; GAS AB We report the first use of ultrafast (subpicosecond) laser pulses for large-scale production of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT's) by the pulsed laser vaporization (PLV) technique. Very high production rates were achieved; using only 20% of the nominal average power of the 1 kW Jefferson Lab free electron laser (Jlab FEL), carbon soots rich in high quality bundles of SWNT's were produced at similar to1.5 g/h. Accordingly, a novel PLV geometry employing a spinning target and a sonic shearing jet of 1000 degreesC argon was developed to accommodate the highly energetic Jlab FEL ablation plume. Samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, temperature programmed oxidation, and Raman spectroscopy. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, LRSM, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Univ Pk, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pce3@psu.edu RI Xiong, Qihua/A-4979-2011 OI Xiong, Qihua/0000-0002-2555-4363 NR 21 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1021/nl025515y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 562KC UT WOS:000176195100002 ER PT J AU Sobal, NS Hilgendorff, M Mohwald, H Giersig, M Spasova, M Radetic, T Farle, M AF Sobal, NS Hilgendorff, M Mohwald, H Giersig, M Spasova, M Radetic, T Farle, M TI Synthesis and structure of colloidal bimetallic nanocrystals: The non-alloying system Ag/Co SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC FLUIDS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; MELTING-POINT; CO PARTICLES; NANOPARTICLES; COBALT; REFRIGERATION; FABRICATION; AG AB Monodisperse bimetallic Ag/Co composite nanocrystals have been prepared using colloid chemistry methods. Transmission electron microscopy showed well isolated Ag/Co particles centered around 12 nm in diameter. The composition of the particles was determined by energy disperse X-ray spectrometry. Bulk-like fcc-structures of both components were determined within the individual crystals using selected area electron diffraction. A AgcoreCoshell structure of the bimetallic particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. C1 Max Planck Inst Kolloid & Grenzflachenforsch, D-14476 Golm, Germany. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Hilgendorff, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kolloid & Grenzflachenforsch, Muhlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm, Germany. RI Mohwald, Helmuth/B-8265-2014; OI Mohwald, Helmuth/0000-0001-7833-3786; Farle, Michael/0000-0002-1864-3261 NR 52 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP 621 EP 624 DI 10.1021/nl025533f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 562KC UT WOS:000176195100013 ER PT J AU Saykin, S Mozyrsky, D Privman, V AF Saykin, S Mozyrsky, D Privman, V TI Relaxation of shallow donor electron spin due to interaction with nuclear spin bath SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; DECOHERENCE; SYSTEMS; DISSIPATION; COMPUTER; DOTS AB We study the low-temperature dynamics of a shallow donor, e.g., P-31, impurity electron spin in silicon, interacting with the bath of nuclear spins of the Si-29 isotope. For small applied magnetic fields, the electron spin relaxation is controlled by the steady-state distribution of the nuclear spins. We calculate the relaxation times T-1 and T-2 as functions of the external magnetic field and conclude that nuclear spins play an important role in the donor electron spin decoherence in SI;P at low magnetic fields. C1 Clarkson Univ, Ctr Quantum Device Technol, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Kazan VI Lenin State Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Kazan 420008, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Privman, V (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Ctr Quantum Device Technol, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RI Saikin, Semion/A-3989-2010 OI Saikin, Semion/0000-0003-1924-3961 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 6 BP 651 EP 655 DI 10.1021/nl0255552 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 562KC UT WOS:000176195100019 ER PT J AU Soukoulis, CM AF Soukoulis, CM TI The history and a review of the modelling and fabrication of photonic crystals SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Trends in Nanotechnology (TNT2001) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL SEGOVIA, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Superior Investigac Cient, CMP Cient, Univ Carlos III Madrid, Univ SEK, Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, World Sci, Motorola, Inst Phys Publishing ID NEAR-INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; PERIODIC DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES; ORDERED MACROPOROUS MATERIALS; BAND-GAP; MU-M; OPTICAL WAVELENGTHS; SILICON; LIGHT; AIR; LITHOGRAPHY AB An overview of the theoretical and experimental efforts in obtaining a photonic bandgap, a frequency band in three-dimensional dielectric structures in which electromagnetic (EM) waves are forbidden, is presented. Photonic crystals offer unique ways to tailor light and the propagation of EM waves. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Soukoulis, CM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 48 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 420 EP 423 AR PII S0957-4484(02)31938-X DI 10.1088/0957-4484/13/3/335 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 568NU UT WOS:000176549200036 ER PT J AU Bulavin, DV Demidov, ON Saito, S Kauraniemi, P Phillips, C Amundson, SA Ambrosino, C Sauter, G Nebreda, AR Anderson, CW Kallioniemi, A Fornace, AJ Appella, E AF Bulavin, DV Demidov, ON Saito, S Kauraniemi, P Phillips, C Amundson, SA Ambrosino, C Sauter, G Nebreda, AR Anderson, CW Kallioniemi, A Fornace, AJ Appella, E TI Amplification of PPM1D in human tumors abrogates p53 tumor-suppressor activity SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; PREMATURE SENESCENCE; GENETIC ALTERATIONS; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; BREAST-CANCER; UV-RADIATION; P38 KINASE; PATHWAY; PROTEIN; PHOSPHATASE AB Expression of oncogenic Ras in primary human cells activates p53, thereby protecting cells from transformation. We show that in Ras-expressing IMR-90 cells, p53 is phosphorylated at Ser33 and Ser46 by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Activity of p38 MAPK is regulated by the p53-inducible phosphatase PPM1D, creating a potential feedback loop. Expression of oncogenic Ras suppresses PPM1D mRNA induction, leaving p53 phosphorylated at Ser33 and Ser46 and in an active state. Retrovirus-mediated overexpression of PPM1D reduced p53 phosphorylation at these sites, abrogated Ras-induced apoptosis and partially rescued cells from cell-cycle arrest. Inactivation of p38 MAPK (the product of Mapk14) in vivo by gene targeting or by PPM1D overexpression expedited tumor formation after injection of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing E1A+Ras into nude mice. The gene encoding PPM1D (PPM1D, at 17q22/q23) is amplified in human breast-tumor cell lines and in approximately 11% of primary breast tumors, most of which harbor wildtype p53. These findings suggest that inactivation of the p38 MAPK through PPM1D overexpression resulting from PPM1D amplification contributes to the development of human cancers by suppressing p53 activation. C1 NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Gene Response Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NHGRI, Canc Genet Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tampere Univ, Inst Med Technol, Canc Genet Lab, Tampere, Finland. Tampere Univ Hosp, Tampere, Finland. European Mol Biol Lab, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Basel, Inst Pathol, Basel, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Appella, E (reprint author), NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Fornace, Albert/A-7407-2008; OI Fornace, Albert/0000-0001-9695-085X; Demidov, Oleg/0000-0003-4323-7174; Kallioniemi, Anne/0000-0003-3552-8158 NR 31 TC 272 Z9 290 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 210 EP 215 DI 10.1038/ng894 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 557HR UT WOS:000175903500021 PM 12021785 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, S Eswaramoorthy, S Kumaran, D AF Swaminathan, S Eswaramoorthy, S Kumaran, D TI Structure and enzymatic activity of botulinum neurotoxins SO NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1298 J9 N-S ARCH PHARMACOL JI Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 365 SU 2 MA 150 BP R46 EP R46 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 569HE UT WOS:000176596100152 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RZ Giovannetti, T Schullery, M Zuffante, PA Lieberman, JA Robinson, DG Barr, WB Bilder, RM AF Goldstein, RZ Giovannetti, T Schullery, M Zuffante, PA Lieberman, JA Robinson, DG Barr, WB Bilder, RM TI Neurocognitive correlates of response to treatment in formal thought disorder in patients with first-episode schizophrenia SO NEUROPSYCHIATRY NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS; 1ST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER; DEFICITS; VOLUME; LOBE; DYSFUNCTION; ONSET; AGE; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AB Objective: To examine the independent contribution of executive versus semantic function to improvement in formal thought disorder after initial stabilization in a first-episode sample. Background: Neurocognitive deficits have been suggested to predict treatment response in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. However, studies targeting putative neurocognitive mechanisms to explore improvement in positive psychotic symptoms and especially formal thought disorder are lacking. Method: Formal thought disorder symptoms in 81 first-episode patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder either showed significant improvement (responders > 60% change) or not (nonresponders < 60%) 6 months after initial stabilization of symptoms. These two groups were compared on neuropsychologic (n = 16), clinical (n = 15), and volumetric measures of the frontal and temporal lobes (n = 5) in univariate analyses. The variables that groups were used in a forward binary significantly differed between these two logistic regression analysis. Results: As compared with nonresponders, responders were younger at time of testing, had higher verbal intelligence and reading achievement scores, higher scores on the arithmetic subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, and lower number of perseverative responses on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test. Responders also had larger frontal lobe volumes than nonresponders. Only two measures (perseverative responses on the Wisconsin Card Sort Test and age at testing) entered the regression equation. Measures of semantic competency and volumetric measures of the temporal lobes were not associated with formal thought disorder improvement. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Moss Rehabil Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA. John B Pierce Lab, New Haven, CT USA. Schneider Childrens Hosp, N Shore Long Island Jewish Hlth Syst, Glen Oaks, NY USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Hillside Hosp, Div N Shore Long Isl Jewish Hlth Syst, Res Dept, Glen Oaks, NY USA. NYU, Comprehens Epilepsy Ctr, New York, NY USA. Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Ctr Adv Brain Imaging, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. RP Goldstein, RZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Med Res,Bldg 490,30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Bilder, Robert/A-8894-2008 OI Bilder, Robert/0000-0001-5085-7852 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH00537, MH41646, MH41960] NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0894-878X J9 NEUROPSY NEUROPSY BE JI Neuropsychiatr. Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1097/01.WNN.0000012909.43568.91 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 560XW UT WOS:000176107500004 PM 12050471 ER PT J AU Venneri, F Fikani, M Baxter, A Rodriguez, C AF Venneri, F Fikani, M Baxter, A Rodriguez, C TI Modular helium reactor technology: making nuclear waste transmutation practical SO NUCLEAR ENERGY-JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH NUCLEAR ENERGY SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the World-Nuclear-Association CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP World Nucl Assoc DE innovative technologies; nuclear industry (civil); reprocessing AB To meet world power demands, the use of nuclear power must continue to grow as a safe, emission-free, reliable, and economical source of energy. However, at the rate waste is produced by the existing fleet of nuclear reactors in the US, new repository capacity equal to the statutory capacity of the yet-to-open Yucca Mountain would be needed about every 20 years. Therefore, the ability to expand, or even maintain the nuclear power capacity in the US will be limited, unless either additional disposal capacity is identified, or waste volume, proliferation risk, and toxicity dose are significantly reduced. A preferred option for the destruction (transmutation) of waste from reactors is based on the use of thermal modular helium reactor systems (MHRs). This paper gives a brief outline of the MHR-based transmutation concept and its attendant advantages. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Venneri, F (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH NUCLEAR ENERGY SOC PI WESTMINSTER, LONDON PA 1-7 GREAT GEORGE ST, WESTMINSTER, LONDON SW1P 3AA, ENGLAND SN 0140-4067 J9 NUCL ENERG-J BR NUCL JI Nucl. Energy-J. Br. Nucl. Energy Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 223 EP 224 DI 10.1680/nuen.41.3.223.39026 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 572GJ UT WOS:000176765400018 ER PT J AU Wang, ZH Barnes, CW Wurden, GA Hill, DN Hooper, EB McLean, HS Wood, RD Woodruff, S AF Wang, ZH Barnes, CW Wurden, GA Hill, DN Hooper, EB McLean, HS Wood, RD Woodruff, S TI Large-amplitude electron density and H alpha fluctuations in the sustained spheromak physics experiment SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTICS AB New types of toroidally rotating fluctuations (toroidal mode numbers n = 1 and n = 2) of line-integrated electron density and H-alpha emission, with frequencies ranging from 10 to 100 kHz, are observed in the sustained spheromak physics experiment (SSPX). The rotating directions of these fluctuations are the same as the direction determined by E x B, while the E and B directions are determined by the gun voltage and gun magnetic flux polarities, respectively. These results take advantage of one distinctive signature of spheromaks, i.e. it is possible to observe toroidal MHD activity during decay and sustainment at any toroidal angle. A theoretical constraint on line-integrated measurement is proposed and is found to be consistent with experimental observations. Fluctuation analysis in the time and frequency domains indicates that the observed density and H-alpha fluctuations correlate with magnetic modes. Observation of H-alpha fluctuations correlating with magnetic fluctuations indicates that, at least in some cases, MHD n = 1 modes are due to the so-called 'dough-hook' current paths that connect the coaxial gun to the flux conserver, rather than internal kink instabilities. These results also show that electron density and H-alpha emission diagnostics complement other tools for spheromak mode study. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 643 EP 652 AR PII S0029-5515(02)36534-7 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/6/302 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 569PD UT WOS:000176610200002 ER PT J AU Torii, Y Kumazawa, R Seki, T Mutoh, T Watari, T Saito, K Yamamoto, T Takeuchi, N Cheng, Z Zhao, YP Shimpo, F Nomura, G Yokota, M Kato, A Nishimura, K Bigelow, TS Rasmussen, DA Goulding, RH Carter, MD Idei, H Ikeda, K Kaneko, O Kawahata, K Komori, A Kubo, S Miyazawa, J Morisaki, T Nakamura, Y Notake, T Ohkubo, K Ohyabu, N Oka, Y Osakabe, M Sato, M Shimozuma, T Takeiri, Y Tsumori, K Watanabe, T Yamada, H Yoshimura, Y AF Torii, Y Kumazawa, R Seki, T Mutoh, T Watari, T Saito, K Yamamoto, T Takeuchi, N Cheng, Z Zhao, YP Shimpo, F Nomura, G Yokota, M Kato, A Nishimura, K Bigelow, TS Rasmussen, DA Goulding, RH Carter, MD Idei, H Ikeda, K Kaneko, O Kawahata, K Komori, A Kubo, S Miyazawa, J Morisaki, T Nakamura, Y Notake, T Ohkubo, K Ohyabu, N Oka, Y Osakabe, M Sato, M Shimozuma, T Takeiri, Y Tsumori, K Watanabe, T Yamada, H Yoshimura, Y TI Plasma production experiments using a folded waveguide antenna on LHD SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID LARGE HELICAL DEVICE; ION-CYCLOTRON RANGE; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; WAVES AB A folded waveguide (FWG) antenna was used in the ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) on the large helical device (LHD) in the National Institute for Fusion Science. The FWG antenna is a waveguide antenna folded several times in order to make its size smaller. The FWG antenna in the LHD is designed so that slow waves are excited preferentially. It was used in the fourth experimental campaign in 2000-2001 for the purpose of plasma production and plasmas with an average electron density up to 3.0 x 10(18) m(-3) were obtained. This will be a high enough density for initial plasmas of neutral beam injection or ICRF to obtain plasmas with higher densities and temperatures. This is the first demonstration of the utility of an FWG antenna in magnetic confinement devices. Further investigations were made in order to understand the mechanism of plasma production. The maximum achievable plasma density increased with injection power and gas-puffing rate, and became saturated. The density became higher as the magnetic field strength was increased. Such experimental observations were explained by the wave accessibility conditions of a shear Alfven wave. C1 Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Engn & Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Acad Sinica, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Torii, Y (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Engn & Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 679 EP 688 AR PII S0029-5515(02)36525-6 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/6/306 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 569PD UT WOS:000176610200006 ER PT J AU Nelson, TK AF Nelson, TK TI The CDF-II silicon tracking system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Large Scale Applications and Radiation Hardness of Semiconductor Detectors CY JUL 04-07, 2001 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, UNiv Degli Stud Firenze, Dipartiment Fis, Ente Cassa Risparmin Firenze DE CDF; silicon; SVXII; ISL; Layer 00 ID CONSTRUCTION AB The CDF silicon tracking system for Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron consists of eight layers arranged in cylinders spanning radii from 1.35 to 28 cm, and lengths from 90 cm to nearly 2 m for a total of 6 1112 of silicon and 722,000 readout channels. With an innermost layer (Layer 00) utilizing radiation tolerant p(+)-in-n silicon and low-mass readout cables between the sensors and readout electronics, double-sided vertexing layers (SVXII) designed for use with a deadtimeless secondary-vertex trigger, and outermost layers (Intermediate Silicon Layers) utilizing mass-producible modules attached to a carbon fiber spaceframe, this system is a starting point for the next generation of silicon trackers for the LHC and Tevatron. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nelson, TK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 318,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 485 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00523-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00523-5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 567AT UT WOS:000176461000002 ER PT J AU Affolder, A Barbaro-Galtieri, A Connolly, A Haber, C Zetti, F Bacchetta, N Bisello, D Glezinski, D Goldstein, J Incandela, J Leonardi, G Colijn, AP Stuart, D D'Onofrio, M Basti, A Chiarelli, G Leone, S Munar-Ara, A Palmonari, F Raffaelli, F Scuri, F Tonelli, D Baroiant, S Caskey, W Grimm, G Hill, C Lander, R Wilkes, T AF Affolder, A Barbaro-Galtieri, A Connolly, A Haber, C Zetti, F Bacchetta, N Bisello, D Glezinski, D Goldstein, J Incandela, J Leonardi, G Colijn, AP Stuart, D D'Onofrio, M Basti, A Chiarelli, G Leone, S Munar-Ara, A Palmonari, F Raffaelli, F Scuri, F Tonelli, D Baroiant, S Caskey, W Grimm, G Hill, C Lander, R Wilkes, T TI Status report of the intermediate silicon layers detector at CDFII SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Large Scale Applications and Radiation Hardness of Semiconductor Detectors CY JUL 04-07, 2001 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, UNiv Degli Stud Firenze, Dipartiment Fis, Ente Cassa Risparmin Firenze AB The Intermediate Silicon Lavers detector (ISL) is a large radius silicon tracker, installed in the CDF detector for the RUN II of the Tevatron Collider. With almost 4 m(2) of double-sided silicon sensors and 300,000 electronic channels it represents the biggest system of this kind ever built. The construction and installation phases, the performed quality assurance tests as well as the problems encountered are reviewed. RUN II of the Tevatron officially started on March 1st, 2001. Although the CDF silicon system is still being commissioned. results on the performance of the ISL detector obtained using the first data are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP D'Onofrio, M (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Quai E Ansermet 24, Geneva, Switzerland. RI Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012; OI Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 485 IS 1-2 BP 6 EP 9 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00524-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00524-7 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 567AT UT WOS:000176461000003 ER PT J AU Re, V Borean, C Bozzi, C Carassiti, V Ramusino, AC Piemontese, L Breon, AB Brown, D Clark, AR Goozen, F Hernikl, C Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Perazzo, A Roe, NA Zizka, G Roberts, D Schieck, J Brenna, E Citterio, M Lanni, F Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Burchat, P Cheng, C Kirkby, D Meyer, TI Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Pompili, A Poropat, P Rashevskaia, I Vuagnin, G Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O May, J Mazur, M Richman, J Verkerke, W Witherell, M Beringer, J Eisner, AM Frey, A Grillo, AA Grothe, M Johnson, RP Kroeger, W Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Rowe, W Schmitz, RE Seiden, A Spencer, EN Turri, M Walkowiak, W Wilder, M Wilson, M Charles, E Elmer, P Nielsen, J Orejudos, W Scott, I Zobernig, H AF Re, V Borean, C Bozzi, C Carassiti, V Ramusino, AC Piemontese, L Breon, AB Brown, D Clark, AR Goozen, F Hernikl, C Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Perazzo, A Roe, NA Zizka, G Roberts, D Schieck, J Brenna, E Citterio, M Lanni, F Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Burchat, P Cheng, C Kirkby, D Meyer, TI Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Pompili, A Poropat, P Rashevskaia, I Vuagnin, G Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O May, J Mazur, M Richman, J Verkerke, W Witherell, M Beringer, J Eisner, AM Frey, A Grillo, AA Grothe, M Johnson, RP Kroeger, W Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Rowe, W Schmitz, RE Seiden, A Spencer, EN Turri, M Walkowiak, W Wilder, M Wilson, M Charles, E Elmer, P Nielsen, J Orejudos, W Scott, I Zobernig, H TI The BaBar silicon vertex tracker, performance and running experience SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Large Scale Applications and Radiation Hardness of Semiconductor Detectors CY JUL 04-07, 2001 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, UNiv Degli Stud Firenze, Dipartiment Fis, Ente Cassa Risparmin Firenze AB The Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) of the BaBar experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric B factory is a five-layer double-sided, AC-coupled silicon microstrip detector. It represents the crucial element to precisely measure the decay position of B mesons and extract time-dependent CP asymmetries. The SVT architecture is shown and its performance is described, with emphasis on hit resolutions and efficiencies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Bondioli, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; OI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Cotta Ramusino, Angelo/0000-0003-1727-2478; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 485 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 14 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00525-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00525-9 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 567AT UT WOS:000176461000004 ER PT J AU Kondo, T Apsimon, R Beck, GA Bell, P Brenner, R de Renstrom, PB Carter, AA Carter, JR Charlton, D Dabrowski, W Dorholt, O Ekelof, T Eklund, L Gibson, M Gadomski, S Grillo, A Grosse-Knetter, J Haber, C Hara, K Hill, JC Ikegami, Y Iwata, Y Johansen, LG Kohriki, T Macpherson, A McMahon, S Moorhead, G Morin, J Morris, J Morrissey, M Nagai, K Nakano, I Pater, J Pernegger, H Perrin, E Phillips, P Robinson, D Skubic, B Spencer, N Stapnes, S Stugu, B Takashima, R Terada, S Tyndel, M Ujiie, N Unno, Y Vos, M AF Kondo, T Apsimon, R Beck, GA Bell, P Brenner, R de Renstrom, PB Carter, AA Carter, JR Charlton, D Dabrowski, W Dorholt, O Ekelof, T Eklund, L Gibson, M Gadomski, S Grillo, A Grosse-Knetter, J Haber, C Hara, K Hill, JC Ikegami, Y Iwata, Y Johansen, LG Kohriki, T Macpherson, A McMahon, S Moorhead, G Morin, J Morris, J Morrissey, M Nagai, K Nakano, I Pater, J Pernegger, H Perrin, E Phillips, P Robinson, D Skubic, B Spencer, N Stapnes, S Stugu, B Takashima, R Terada, S Tyndel, M Ujiie, N Unno, Y Vos, M TI Construction and performance of the ATLAS silicon microstrip barrel modules SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Large Scale Applications and Radiation Hardness of Semiconductor Detectors CY JUL 04-07, 2001 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, UNiv Degli Stud Firenze, Dipartiment Fis, Ente Cassa Risparmin Firenze ID SEMICONDUCTOR TRACKER; SCT; DETECTORS AB The ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) consists of four barrel cylinders and 18 end-cap disks. This paper describes the SCT modules of the barrel region, of which more than 2000 are about to be constructed. The module design is fixed. Its design concept is given together with the electrical, thermal and mechanical specifications. The preseries production of the barrel modules is underway using mass-production procedures and jigs. The pre-series modules have given satisfactory performances on noise, noise occupancy, electrical as well as mechanical and thermal properties. In addition, irradiated modules were demonstrated to work successfully. Also first results from a 10-module system test are given. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ London, Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Phys, London, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Cambridge, Dept Phys, Cambridge, England. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Fac Sci, Hiroshima 730, Japan. Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Univ Melbourne, High Energy Phys Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Okayama 700, Japan. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Astron Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Geneva, DPNC, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Royal Inst Technol, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 612, Japan. Univ Valencia, Ctr Mixto, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC,IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Kondo, T (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM taka.kondo@kek.jp RI Skubic, Bjorn/D-5465-2009; Eklund, Lars/C-7709-2012; Moorhead, Gareth/B-6634-2009; OI Moorhead, Gareth/0000-0002-9299-9549; Vos, Marcel/0000-0001-8474-5357 NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 485 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 42 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00528-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00528-4 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 567AT UT WOS:000176461000007 ER PT J AU Minami, T Reinhold, CO Seliger, M Burgdorfer, J Fourment, C Gervais, B Lamour, E Rozet, JP Vernhet, D AF Minami, T Reinhold, CO Seliger, M Burgdorfer, J Fourment, C Gervais, B Lamour, E Rozet, JP Vernhet, D TI Evidence of collisional coherences in the transport of hydrogenic krypton through amorphous carbon foils SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE ID ION-SOLID COLLISIONS; RYDBERG STATES; EXCITED-STATES; QUANTUM OPTICS; ATOMIC STATES; POPULATION AB We study theoretically and experimentally the population dynamics of the internal state of 60 MeV/u Kr35+ ions traversing amorphous carbon foils. A quantum transport theory is developed that incorporates the state mixing induced by the wake field of the ion as well as all the coherences generated by the collisional and radiative redistribution of states. We show that the internal state of the ion is sensitive to collisional coherences and the wake field. The results of the full simulations are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, GPS, UMR 7588, F-75251 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, GPS, UMR 7588, F-75251 Paris 05, France. CNRS, CEA, CIRIL, ISMRA,UMR 6637, F-14070 Caen, France. RP Minami, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2002 VL 193 BP 79 EP 84 AR PII S0168-583X(02)00730-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00730-9 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 577HM UT WOS:000177055500014 ER PT J AU Bringa, EM Johnson, RE AF Bringa, EM Johnson, RE TI Sputtering of nano-grains by energetic ions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE DE grains; sputtering; inter-stellar medium; molecular dynamics; thermal spike ID DENSE INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DESORPTION; EJECTION; MODELS; SPIKE AB Sputtering from grains with a size of tens of nanometers is important in a number of astrophysical environments having a variety of plasma properties and can have applications in nano-technology. Since energy deposition by incident ions or electrons can create 'hot' regions in a small grain, thermal spike (TS) models have been applied to estimate the sputtering. The excitations produced by a fast ion are often assumed to form a 'hot' cylindrical track. In this paper we use molecular dynamics (MD) calculations to describe the energy transport and sputtering due to the creation of a 'hot' track in a grain with one quarter million atoms. We show the enhancement due to grain size and find that TS models work over a limited range of excitation densities. Discrepancies of several orders of magnitude are found when comparing our MD results for sputtering of small dust grains to those obtained by the astrophysical community using spike models. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bringa, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Dir, POB 808,L-353, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2002 VL 193 BP 365 EP 370 AR PII S0168-583X(02)00806-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00806-6 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 577HM UT WOS:000177055500061 ER PT J AU Meyer, FW Morozov, VA Mrogenda, J Vane, CR Datz, S AF Meyer, FW Morozov, VA Mrogenda, J Vane, CR Datz, S TI Large-angle back-scattering of Arq+ (q=1-13) during quasi-binary collisions with CsI(100) in the energy range 10 eV/q-2.8 keV/q: Energy loss analysis and scattered charge state distributions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE DE ion-surface scattering; highly charged projectile neutralization; CsI; multicharged ions; scattered charge state distributions ID IONS; SURFACE; NEUTRALIZATION; INSULATORS AB We report on measurements of absolute scattered projectile charge fractions for Ar11+ ions with incident energies in the range 3-30 keV, that have been 120degrees back-scattered from CsI(100) in quasi-binary collisions. Use of a time-of-flight technique that incorporates a biased drift region permitted full separation of all scattered charged states, including neutrals. In contrast to our Ar11+ results for Au(110), the scattered neutral fraction is smaller, and relatively independent of incident projectile energy over the entire investigated range. In addition, we have measured, at a fixed energy of similar to5 keV, scattered charged state distributions as function of incident charge states in the range 1+ to 13+. In a separate measurement utilizing electrostatic instead of TOF analysis of the scattered charge states, we attempted to evaluate the effect of surface charging on energy loss of low energy scattered projectiles by absolute measurements of the scattered 1+ energies of incident Ar11+ ions incident on CsI(100) at energies down to 10 eV/q. Apart from small deviations from the elastic binary collision energy loss expected for large angle scattering. ascribable to the image charge interaction, no measurable effect due to surface charging was found down to the lowest investigated energies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RP Meyer, FW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008,MS-6372,Bldg 6003, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2002 VL 193 BP 508 EP 515 AR PII S0168-583X(02)00829-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00829-7 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 577HM UT WOS:000177055500083 ER PT J AU Meyer, FW Morozov, VA AF Meyer, FW Morozov, VA TI Comparative study of surface-lattice-site resolved neutralization of slow multicharged ions during large-angle quasi-binary collisions with Au(110): Simulation and experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE ID CHARGED AR IONS; FRACTION MEASUREMENTS; GRAZING INTERACTIONS; STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; DECELERATED BEAMS; ENERGY-LOSS; SCATTERING; PROJECTILES; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION AB In this article we extend our earlier studies of the azimuthal dependences of low energy projectiles scattered in large angle quasi-binary collisions (BCs) from Au(110). Measurements are presented for 20 keV Ar9+ at normal incidence, which are compared with our earlier measurements for this ion at 5 keV and 10degrees incidence angle. A deconvolution procedure based on MARLOWE simulation results carried out at both energies provides information about the energy dependence of projectile neutralization during interactions just with the atoms along the top ridge of the reconstructed Au(110) surface corrugation, in comparison to, e.g. interactions with atoms lying on the sidewalls. To test the sensitivity of the agreement between the MARLOWE results and the experimental measurements, we show simulation results obtained for a non-reconstructed Au(110) surface with 20 keV Ar projectiles, and for different scattering potentials that are intended to simulate the effects on scattering trajectory of a projectile inner shell vacancy surviving the BC. In addition, simulation results are shown for a number of different total scattering angles, to illustrate their utility in finding optimum values for this parameter prior to the actual measurements. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyer, FW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM meyerfw@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2002 VL 193 BP 530 EP 537 AR PII S0168-583X(02)00844-3 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00844-3 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 577HM UT WOS:000177055500086 ER PT J AU Kado, M AF Kado, M TI The search for the Higgs boson in the four-jet channel at LEP SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Topical Seminor on the Legacy of LEP and SLC CY OCT 08-11, 2001 CL SIENA, ITALY AB The four-jet channel played an important role in the search for the Higgs boson at LEP during its second phase at centre-of-mass energies above the WW threshold, from 1996 until 2000. In an outstanding last year of running, LEP delivered a substantial integrated luminosity above 206 GeV, and first hints of a Higgs boson with mass 115 GeV/c(2) might have been observed. Unfortunately this search could not reach a definite conclusion. A review of the salient features of the analysis in the four-jet channel and the robustness of the exciting results found in this topology in 2000 is given. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kado, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 109 BP 118 EP 123 AR PII S0920-5632(02)01589-X PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 566AQ UT WOS:000176403900018 ER PT J AU Blomquist, RN Gelbard, EM AF Blomquist, RN Gelbard, EM TI Alternative implementations of the Monte Carlo power method SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BIASES AB We compare nominal efficiencies, i.e., variances in power shapes for equal running time, of different versions of the Monte Carlo (MC) eigenvalue computation. The two main methods considered here are "conventional" MC and the superhistory method. Within each of these major methods, different variants are available for the main steps of the basic MC algorithm. Thus, for example, different treatments of the fission process may vary in the extent to which they follow, in analog fashion, the details of real-world fission, or they may vary in details of the methods by which they choose next-generation source sites. In general the same options are available in both the superhistory method and conventional MC, but there seems not to have been much examination of the special properties of the two major methods and their minor variants. We find, first, that the superhistory method is just as efficient as conventional MC and, second, that use of different variants of the basic algorithms may, in special cases, have a surprisingly large effect on MC computational efficiency. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Blomquist, RN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM RNBlomquist@anl.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 141 IS 2 BP 85 EP 100 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551GA UT WOS:000175550500001 ER PT J AU Ueki, T AF Ueki, T TI Intergenerational correlation in Monte Carlo k-eigenvalue calculation SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BIASES; ERROR AB This paper investigates intergenerational correlation in the Monte Carlo k-eigenvalue calculation of a neutron effective multiplicative factor. To this end, the exponential transform for path stretching has been applied to large fissionable media with localized highly multiplying regions because in such media an exponentially decaying shape is a rough representation of the importance of source particles. The numerical results show that the difference between real and apparent variances virtually vanishes for an appropriate value of the exponential transform parameter. This indicates that the intergenerational correlation of k-eigenvalue samples could be eliminated by the adjoint biasing of particle transport. The relation between the biasing of particle transport and the intergenerational correlation is therefore investigated in the framework of collision estimators, and the following conclusion has been obtained: Within the leading order approximation with respect to the number of histories per generation, the intergenerational correlation vanishes when immediate importance is constant, and the immediate importance under simulation can be made constant by the biasing of particle transport with a function adjoint to the source neutron's distribution, i.e., the importance over all future generations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Diagnost Applicat Grp X 5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ueki, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Diagnost Applicat Grp X 5, MS P365,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 141 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551GA UT WOS:000175550500002 ER PT J AU McMasters, RL Dowding, KJ Beck, JV Yen, DHY AF McMasters, RL Dowding, KJ Beck, JV Yen, DHY TI Methodology to generate accurate solutions for verification in transient three-dimensional heat conduction SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID GREENS-FUNCTIONS AB This article describes the development of accurate solutions for transient three-dimensional conductive heat transfer in Cartesian coordinates for a parallelepiped which is homogeneous and has constant thermal properties. The intended use of these solutions is for verification of numerical computer programs which are used for solving transient heat conduction problems. Verification is a process to ensure that a computer code is free of errors and accurately solves the mathematical equations. The exact solutions presented in this article can have any combination of boundary conditions of specified temperature, prescribed heat flux, or imposed convection coefficient and ambient temperature oil the surfaces of the parallelepiped. Additionally, spatially uniform nonzero initial condition and internal energy generation are treated. The methodology to obtain the analytical solutions and sample calculations are presented. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Validat & Uncertain Quantificat Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP McMasters, RL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6 BP 521 EP 541 DI 10.1080/10407790190053761 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 562GF UT WOS:000176188500002 ER PT J AU Lushnikov, PM AF Lushnikov, PM TI Fully parallel algorithm for simulating dispersion-managed wavelength-division-multiplexed optical fiber systems SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLITONS; TRANSMISSION AB An efficient numerical algorithm is presented for massively parallel simulations of dispersion-managed wavelength-division-multiplexed optical fiber systems. The algorithm is based on a weak nonlinearity approximation and independent parallel calculations of fast Fourier transforms on multiple central processor units (CPUs). The algorithm allows one to implement numerical simulations M/2 times faster than a direct numerical simulation by a split-step method, where M is a number of CPUs in a parallel network. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. RP Lushnikov, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lushnikov, Pavel/I-2304-2013 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 11 BP 939 EP 941 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000939 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 556VU UT WOS:000175870300019 PM 18026330 ER PT J AU Battermann, A Gablonsky, JM Patrick, A Kelley, CT Kavanagh, KR Coffey, T Miller, CT AF Battermann, Astrid Gablonsky, Joerg M. Patrick, Alton Kelley, Carl T. Kavanagh, Kathleen R. Coffey, Todd Miller, Cass T. TI Solution of a Groundwater Control Problem with Implicit Filtering SO OPTIMIZATION AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE implicit filtering; groundwater flow and transport; optimal control; parallel algorithms ID OPTIMIZATION; CONVERGENCE AB In this paper we describe the application of a parallel implementation of the implicit filtering algorithm to a control problem from hydrology. We seek to control the temperature at a group of drinking water wells by placing barrier wells between the drinking water wells and a well that injects heated water from an industrial site. C1 [Battermann, Astrid] Univ Trier, Fachbereich 4, Abt Math, D-54286 Trier, Germany. [Gablonsky, Joerg M.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Patrick, Alton] Shodor Educ Fdn Inc, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Kelley, Carl T.; Kavanagh, Kathleen R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kelley, Carl T.; Kavanagh, Kathleen R.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coffey, Todd] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Miller, Cass T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Battermann, A (reprint author), Univ Trier, Fachbereich 4, Abt Math, D-54286 Trier, Germany. EM batt@uni-trier.de; gablonj@redwood.rt.cs.boeing.com; hapatrick@acm.org; Tim_Kelley@ncsu.edu; krkavana@unity.ncsu.edu; tscoffe2@eos.ncsu.edu; casey_miller@unc.edu RI Miller, Cass T./I-6613-2012 OI Miller, Cass T./0000-0001-6082-9273 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-4420 J9 OPTIM ENG JI Optim. Eng. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1023/A:1020967403960 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA V19TY UT WOS:000208095900006 ER PT J AU Dunning, JS Alman, DE Rawers, JC AF Dunning, JS Alman, DE Rawers, JC TI Influence of silicon and aluminum additions on the oxidation resistance of a lean-chromium stainless steel SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE oxidation; stainless steel; silicon; aluminium AB The effect of Si and Al additions on the oxidation of austenitic stainless steels with a baseline composition of Fe-16Cr-16Ni-2Mn-1Mo (wt.%) has been studied. The combined Si and Al content of the alloys did not exceed 5 wt.%. Cyclic-oxidation tests were carried out in air at 700 and 800degreesC for a duration of 1000 hr. For comparison, conventional 18Cr-8Ni type-304 stainless steel specimens were also tested. The results showed that at 700degreesC, alloys containing Al and Si, and alloys with only Si additions showed weight gains about one half that of the conventional type-304 alloy. At 800degreesC, alloys that contained both Al and Si additions showed weight gains approximately two times greater than the type-304 alloy. However, alloys containing only Si additions showed weight gains four times less than the 304 stainless. Further, alloys with only Si additions preoxidized at 800degreesC, showed zero weight gain in subsequent testing for 1000 hr at 700degreesC. Clearly, the oxide-scale formation and rate-controlling mechanisms in the alloys with combined Si and Al additions at 800degreesC were different than the alloys with Si only. ESCA, SEM, and a bromide-etching technique were used to analyze the chemistry of the oxide films and the oxide-base-metal interface, in order to study the different oxide film-formation mechanisms in these alloys. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dunning, JS (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 5-6 BP 409 EP 425 DI 10.1023/A:1015344220073 PG 17 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 549NN UT WOS:000175450600003 ER PT J AU Leppert, VJ Murali, AK Risbud, SH Stender, M Power, PP Nelson, C Banerjee, P Mayes, AM AF Leppert, VJ Murali, AK Risbud, SH Stender, M Power, PP Nelson, C Banerjee, P Mayes, AM TI High-resolution electron microscopy and microanalysis of ordered arrays of size-controlled amorphous gallium nitride nanoparticles synthesized in situ in a block copolymer matrix SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; GAN NANOCRYSTALS; QUANTUM DOTS; FILMS; NANOCLUSTERS; POLYMER; PRECURSORS; BEHAVIOR; MIXTURES; GROWTH AB The objective of this work was to produce an ordered array of size-controlled gallium nitride (GaN) nanoparticles. The synthesis was performed by the in situ formulation and subsequent decomposition of cyclotrigallazane in a polystyrene (PS)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (b-P4VP) block copolymer matrix. The matrix served as a templating medium to constrain the particle size and to allow the control of particle morphology, spacing and packing arrangement. The size and spacing of nanoparticles were controlled by the molecular weight of the entire polymer chain (81 000 g mol(-1)), and the particle morphology and packing arrangement were controlled by the ratio of the sequestering block to the matrix block (21 wt% P4VP to 79 wt% PS by elemental analysis). High-resolution and analytical transmission electron microscopy revealed the amorphous nanoparticles to be composed mainly of gallium and nitrogen (with oxygen detected in some particles) about 10 nm in diameter with an average interparticle distance of 60 nm and organized in a regular hexagonal packing arrangement. The impact of this synthesis technique is to afford the means to investigate systematically the effect of quantum confinement and quantum coupling on the optical properties of small GaN particles. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Leppert, VJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1047 EP 1054 DI 10.1080/13642810110120532 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 555HU UT WOS:000175789300004 ER PT J AU Fisher, IR Xie, XP Tudosa, I Gao, CW Song, C Canfield, PC Kracher, A Dennis, K Abanoz, D Kramer, MJ AF Fisher, IR Xie, XP Tudosa, I Gao, CW Song, C Canfield, PC Kracher, A Dennis, K Abanoz, D Kramer, MJ TI The electrical conductivity of single-grain Al-Pd-Re quasicrystals SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID TERNARY MELT; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; ICOSAHEDRAL PHASES; I-ALPDRE; CU-FE; MG-ZN; GROWTH; TRANSPORT; MAGNETORESISTANCE; LOCALIZATION AB Systematic electrical transport data are presented for single quasicrystals in the Al-Pd-Re family across the accessible width of formation. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity can be accounted for in terms of weak localization and electron-electron interactions for all compositions studied, in contrast with previous studies of cast and annealed polygrain material. These results indicate that the conductivity mechanism in the Al-Pd-Re system is not dramatically different from that of other quasicrystal families. C1 Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fisher, IR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM irfisher@stanford.edu RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 9 BP 1089 EP 1098 DI 10.1080/13642810210122179 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 555HU UT WOS:000175789300007 ER PT J AU Sutherland, BM Hacham, H Bennett, P Sutherland, JC Moran, M Gange, RW AF Sutherland, BM Hacham, H Bennett, P Sutherland, JC Moran, M Gange, RW TI Repair of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers in human skin: variability among normal humans in nucleotide excision and in photorepair SO PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE photoreactivation; photolyase; pyrimidine dimer; UV; human skin ID DNA PHOTOREACTIVATING ENZYME; IN-SITU REPAIR; THYMINE DIMERS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; MOLECULAR-LENGTH; HUMAN EPIDERMIS; STRAND BREAKS; RADIATION; INVIVO AB Background/Aims: Photoreactivation (PR) of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in human skin remains controversial. Recently Whitmore et al. (1) reported negative results of experiments using two photorepair light (PRL) sources on UV-irradiated skin of volunteers. However, their PRL sources induced substantial levels of dimers in skin, suggesting that the additional dimers formed could have obscured PR. We met a similar problem of dimer induction by a PRL source. We designed and validated a PRL source of sufficient intensity to catalyse PR, but that did not induce CPD, and used it to measure photorepair in human skin. Methods and Results: Using a solar simulator filtered with three types of UV-filters, we found significant dimer formation in skin, quantified by number average length analysis using electrophoretic gels of isolated skin DNA. To prevent scattered UV from reaching the skin, we interposed shields between the filters and skin, and showed that the UV-filtered/shielded solar simulator system did not induce damage in isolated DNA or in human skin. We exposed skin of seven healthy human volunteers to 302 nm radiation, then to the improved PRL source (control skin areas were kept in the dark for measurement of excision repair). Conclusions: Using a high intensity PRL source that did not induce dimers in skin, we found that three of seven subjects carried out rapid photorepair of dimers; two carried out moderate or slow dimer photorepair, and three did not show detectable photorepair. Excision repair was similarly variable in these volunteers. Subjects with slower excision repair showed rapid photorepair, whereas those with rapid excision generally showed little or no photoreactivation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-4383 J9 PHOTODERMATOL PHOTO JI Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0781.2002.00748.x PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 589XF UT WOS:000177786300001 PM 12207672 ER PT J AU Taylor, JW Duffy, JA Bebb, AM Cooper, MJ Lees, MR Majumdar, S McCarthy, JE Timms, DN Detlefs, C Canfield, PC AF Taylor, JW Duffy, JA Bebb, AM Cooper, MJ Lees, MR Majumdar, S McCarthy, JE Timms, DN Detlefs, C Canfield, PC TI Spin-polarized electron momentuin density distributions REMn2Ge2 (RE = Gd, La) SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Patras-University Euroconference on Properties of Condensed Matter Probed with X-Ray Scattering-Electron Correlations and Magnetism CY SEP 21-25, 2001 CL PATRAS UNIV, PATRAS, GREECE SP Patras Univ HO PATRAS UNIV DE magnetic compton; spin polarized electron momentum density ID MAGNETIC COMPTON-SCATTERING; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CROSS-SECTION; GD1-XLAXMN2GE2; SMMN2GE2 AB The spin-polarized electron momentum distributions (EMD) for ferrimagnetic GdMn2Ge2 and ferromagnetic LaMn2Ge2 have been measured using the magnetic Compton scattering technique. The spin-polarized EMDs were resolved along the c-axis at 15 K. In the Gd sample, the Gd and Mn spin sublattices are aligned antiparallel with spin moments of 6.8+/-0.1 mu(B) per formula unit (FU-1) and 3.7+/-0.1 mu(B) FU-1, respectively, with the Gd spin sublattice oriented parallel to the scattering vector. The ferromagnetic La system exhibits no 4f moment and the Mn moment is aligned parallel to the scattering vector, the ordered spin moment on the Mn being 2.4 +/- 0.1 mu(B) FU-1. The two samples measured are the extreme points of the phase diagram for Gd1-xLaxMn2Ge2. Our data give a direct indication of the sublattice reorientation at x approximate to 0.5, implied from previous magnetization measurements and indicate that at a low temperature the Mn sublattice is a canted ferromagnetic system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Portsmouth, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, Hants, England. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM jonathan.taylor@warwick.ac.uk RI Detlefs, Carsten/B-6244-2008; Lees, Martin/D-9584-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Detlefs, Carsten/0000-0003-2573-2286; Lees, Martin/0000-0002-2270-2295; NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 2002 VL 318 IS 4 BP 267 EP 271 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00786-X DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00786-X PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 573XZ UT WOS:000176859000004 ER PT J AU Staub, U Patterson, BD Schulze-Briese, C Fauth, F Shi, M Soderholm, L Vaughan, GBM Dooryhee, E Cross, JO Ochiai, A AF Staub, U Patterson, BD Schulze-Briese, C Fauth, F Shi, M Soderholm, L Vaughan, GBM Dooryhee, E Cross, JO Ochiai, A TI Charge order and crystal structure below the first-order "metal-insulator" transition in Yb4As3 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Patras-University Euroconference on Properties of Condensed Matter Probed with X-Ray Scattering-Electron Correlations and Magnetism CY SEP 21-25, 2001 CL PATRAS UNIV, PATRAS, GREECE SP Patras Univ HO PATRAS UNIV DE metal-insulator transitions; charge ordering; resonant X-ray diffraction ID HEAVY-FERMION; DIFFRACTION; SYSTEM AB Resonant X-ray diffraction results on polycrystalline and single crystal Yb4As3 are reported. The strong resonant enhancement of particular superlattice reflections at temperatures below the first-order phase transition gives direct evidence of one-dimensional charge order. Similar evidence is obtained from the energy dependence of powder diffraction reflections. The quantitative determination of the charge ordering, which does not follow the structural distortion, has direct impact on models describing the unusual electronic and magnetic properties of this material. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, PNC CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tohoku Univ, Ctr Low Temp Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Staub, U (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Vaughan, Gavin/B-1479-2010; dooryhee, eric/D-6815-2013; Staub, Urs/C-4914-2015; Fauth, Francois/K-9643-2014 OI Fauth, Francois/0000-0001-9465-3106 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 2002 VL 318 IS 4 BP 284 EP 288 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00790-1 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00790-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 573XZ UT WOS:000176859000008 ER PT J AU Moshopoulou, EG Prokes, K Garcia-Matres, E Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD AF Moshopoulou, EG Prokes, K Garcia-Matres, E Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD TI Neutron-diffraction study of field-induced transitions in the heavy-fermion compound Ce2RhIn8 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Patras-University Euroconference on Properties of Condensed Matter Probed with X-Ray Scattering-Electron Correlations and Magnetism CY SEP 21-25, 2001 CL PATRAS UNIV, PATRAS, GREECE SP Patras Univ HO PATRAS UNIV DE Ce2RhIn8; heavy fermion; single crystal neutron diffraction; high magnetic fields AB We present neutron diffraction measurements in high magnetic fields (0-14.5 T) and at low temperatures (2.5, 2.3 0.77 and 0.068 K) on single crystals of the tetragonal heavy-fermion antiferromagnet Ce2RhIn8. For Bparallel to[110] the field dependence of selected magnetic and nuclear reflections reveals that the material undergoes several transitions, the temperature dependence of which suggests a complex B-T phase diagram. We present the detailed evolution of the integrated intensities of selected reflections and discuss the associated field-induced transitions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mat Sci Agh, Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moshopoulou, EG (reprint author), Inst Mat Sci Agh, Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Greece. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUN PY 2002 VL 318 IS 4 BP 300 EP 305 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00793-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00793-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 573XZ UT WOS:000176859000011 ER PT J AU Bitton, G Grice, WP Moreau, J Zhang, L AF Bitton, G Grice, WP Moreau, J Zhang, L TI Cascaded ultrabright source of polarization-entangled photons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; 2-PHOTON ENTANGLEMENT; STATE; DISTINGUISHABILITY; PULSE; PUMP AB An ultrabright source of polarization-entangled photons has been realized using type-II phase matching in the spontaneous parametric down-conversion process in two cascaded crystals. The optical axes of the crystals are aligned in such a way that the extraordinarily (ordinarily) polarized cone from one crystal overlaps with the ordinarily (extraordinarily) polarized cone from the second crystal. This spatial overlapping removes the association between the polarization and the output angle of the photons that exists in a single type-II down-conversion process. Hence, entanglement of photon pairs originating from any conjugate points on the output cones is possible if a suitable optical delay line is used. This delay line is particularly simple and easy to implement. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Ctr Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bitton, G (reprint author), Glucon Med Ltd, POB 3098, K Arye Petach Tikva, Israel. RI Moreau, Julien/F-3110-2011; Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013 OI Moreau, Julien/0000-0003-0183-1730; NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 063805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.063805 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 572FT UT WOS:000176763600113 ER PT J AU Khakoo, MA Wrkich, J Larsen, M Kleiban, G Kanik, I Trajmar, S Brunger, MJ Teubner, PJO Crowe, A Fontes, CJ Clark, REH Zeman, V Bartschat, K Madison, DH Srivastava, R Stauffer, AD AF Khakoo, MA Wrkich, J Larsen, M Kleiban, G Kanik, I Trajmar, S Brunger, MJ Teubner, PJO Crowe, A Fontes, CJ Clark, REH Zeman, V Bartschat, K Madison, DH Srivastava, R Stauffer, AD TI Differential cross sections and cross-section ratios for the electron-impact excitation of the neon 2p(5)3s configuration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; DISTORTED-WAVE CALCULATION; RARE-GASES; POLARIZATION CORRELATION; INCIDENT ENERGIES; NOBLE-GASES; SCATTERING; ARGON; KRYPTON; STATES AB Electron-impact differential cross-section measurements for the excitation of the 2p(5)3s configuration of Ne are reported. The Ne cross sections are obtained using experimental differential cross sections for the electron-impact excitation of the n=2 levels of atomic hydrogen [Khakoo , Phys. Rev. A 61, 012701-1 (1999)], and existing experimental helium differential cross-section measurements, as calibration standards. These calibration measurements were made using the method of gas mixtures (Ne and H followed by Ne and He), in which the gas beam profiles of the mixed gases are found to be the same within our experimental errors. We also present results from calculations of these differential cross sections using the R-matrix and unitarized first-order many-body theory, the distorted-wave Born approximation, and relativistic distorted-wave methods. Comparison with available experimental differential cross sections and differential cross-section ratios is also presented. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Phys, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Int Atom Agcy, Atom & Mol Data Unit, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Univ Toronto, Chem Phys Theory Grp, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Indian Inst Technol Roorkee, Dept Phys, Roorkee 247667, Uttar Pradesh, India. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Khakoo, MA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Phys, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012; OI Brunger, Michael/0000-0002-7743-2990 NR 53 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 062711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.062711 PG 24 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 572FT UT WOS:000176763600064 ER PT J AU Son, DT Stephanov, MA AF Son, DT Stephanov, MA TI Domain walls of relative phase in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates - art. no. 036321 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC VAPOR; GAS; DYNAMICS AB We consider a system of two interpenetrating Bose-Einstein condensates of atoms in two different hyperfine spin states. We show that in the presence of a small coupling drive between the two spin levels, there exist domain walls across which the relative phase of the two condensates changes by 2pi. We give the physical interpretation of such walls. We show that the wall tension determines the force between certain pairs of vortices at large distances. We also show that the probability of the spontaneous decay of the domain wall is exponentially suppressed, both at finite and at zero temperature, and determine the exponents in the regime of small Rabi frequency. We briefly discuss how such domain walls could be created in future experiments. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 26 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 063621 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.063621 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 572FT UT WOS:000176763600108 ER PT J AU Allen, PG Henderson, AL Sylwester, ER Turchi, PEA Shen, TH Gallegos, GF Booth, CH AF Allen, PG Henderson, AL Sylwester, ER Turchi, PEA Shen, TH Gallegos, GF Booth, CH TI Vibrational properties of Ga-stabilized delta-Pu by extended x-ray absorption fine structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURE STANDARDS; PLUTONIUM; TRANSFORMATION; DELTA->ALPHA; LOCALIZATION; ELEMENTS; ALLOYS; METALS AB Temperature-dependent extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra were measured for a 3.3 at.% Ga stabilized Pu alloy over the range T=20-300 K. EXAFS data were acquired at both the Ga Kedge and the Pu L-III edge. Curve fits were performed to the first shell interactions to obtain pair-distance distribution widths sigma as a function of temperature. The temperature dependence of sigma(T) was accurately modeled using a correlated-Debye model for the lattice vibrational properties, suggesting Debye-like behavior in this material. Using this formalism, we obtain pair-specific correlated-Debye temperatures Theta(cD), of 110.7 +/-1.7 K and 202.6+/-3.7 K, for the Pu-Pu and Ga-Pu pairs, respectively. The result for the Pu-Theta(cD) value compares well with previous vibrational studies on delta-Pu. In addition, our results represent the first unambiguous determination of Ga-specific vibrational properties in PuGa alloys, i.e, Theta(cD) for the Ga-Pu pair. Because the Debye temperature can be related to a measure of the lattice stiffness, these results indicate the Ga-Pu bonds are significantly stronger than the Pu-Pu bonds. This effect has important implications for lattice stabilization mechanisms in these alloys. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Allen, PG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214107 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700043 ER PT J AU Argyriou, DN Brown, PJ Gardner, J Heffner, RH AF Argyriou, DN Brown, PJ Gardner, J Heffner, RH TI Magnetization distribution in the layered colossal magnetoresistance manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 from polarized neutron diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITE; DENSITY; SPIN; CRYSTAL; K2CUF4 AB In the ferromagnetic metallic state of the colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7, the spin-density distribution is essentially in agreement with the standard picture in which the unpaired electrons occupy the three t(2g) orbitals d(xy), d(yz), and d(xz). However we find a small spin density (similar to4% of the total Mn spin) on the apical O(2) oxygen atom at both 100 and 220 K, and we suggest that this is due to covalency effects. Surprisingly we find no evidence of spin on the other apical oxygen O(1) suggesting that the Mn e(g) electron distribution along the c axis is highly anisotropic. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 09, France. AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, NPMR, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214431 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700089 ER PT J AU Baxter, DV Ruzmetov, D Scherschligt, J Sasaki, Y Liu, X Furdyna, JK Mielke, CH AF Baxter, DV Ruzmetov, D Scherschligt, J Sasaki, Y Liu, X Furdyna, JK Mielke, CH TI Anisotropic magnetoresistance in Ga1-xMnxAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTORS; FIELD; TEMPERATURE; (GA,MN)AS; ALLOYS AB We have measured the magnetoresistance in a series of Ga1-xMnxAs samples with 0.033less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.053 for three mutually orthogonal orientations of the applied magnetic field. The spontaneous resistivity anisotropy (SRA) in these materials is negative (i.e., the sample resistance is higher when its magnetization is perpendicular to the measuring current than when the two are parallel) and has a magnitude on the order of 5% at temperatures near 10 K and below. This stands in contrast to the results for most conventional magnetic materials where the SRA is considerably smaller in magnitude for those few cases in which a negative sign is observed. The magnitude of the SRA drops from its maximum at low temperatures to zero at T-C in a manner that is consistent with mean-field theory. These results should provide a significant test for emerging theories of transport in this new class of materials. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Baxter, David /D-3769-2013 OI Baxter, David /0000-0003-2812-0904 NR 18 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 212407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.212407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700022 ER PT J AU Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI Temperature-dependent Hc2 anisotropy in MgB2 as inferred from measurements on polycrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TRANSPORT; LUNI2B2C AB We present data on temperature-dependent anisotropy of the upper critical field of MgB2 obtained from the analysis of measurements on high-purity, low-resistivity polycrystals. The anisotropy decreases in a monotonic fashion with increase of temperature. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 26 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 212501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.212501 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700027 ER PT J AU Chernyshev, AL White, SR Castro Neto, AH AF Chernyshev, AL White, SR Castro Neto, AH TI Stripe as an effective one-dimensional band of composite excitations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-J MODEL; ELECTRON-MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION; 2-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNET; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPIN-CHARGE SEPARATION; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; DOPED ANTIFERROMAGNETS; SINGLE-HOLE; PHASE-DIAGRAM AB The microscopic structure of a charge stripe in an antiferromagnetic insulator is studied within the t-J(z) model using analytical and numerical approaches. We demonstrate that a stripe in an antiferromagnet should be viewed as a system of composite holon-spin-polaron excitations condensed at the self-induced antiphase domain wall (ADW) of the antiferromagnetic spins. The properties of such excitations are studied in detail with numerical and analytical results for various quantities being in very close agreement. A picture of the stripe as an effective one-dimensional (1D) band of such excitations is also in very good agreement with numerical data. These results emphasize the primary role of kinetic energy in favoring the stripe as a ground state. A comparative analysis suggests the effect of pairing and collective meandering on the energetics of the stripe formation to be secondary. The implications of this microscopic picture of fermions bound to the 1D antiferromagnetic ADW for the effective theories of the stripe phase in the cuprates are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, Novosibirsk, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Chernyshev, AL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI White, Steven/B-4760-2008; Castro Neto, Antonio/C-8363-2014 OI White, Steven/0000-0003-3496-0707; Castro Neto, Antonio/0000-0003-0613-4010 NR 130 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214527 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214527 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700116 ER PT J AU Crawford, MK Harlow, RL Marshall, W Li, Z Cao, G Lindstrom, RL Huang, Q Lynn, JW AF Crawford, MK Harlow, RL Marshall, W Li, Z Cao, G Lindstrom, RL Huang, Q Lynn, JW TI Structure and magnetism of single crystal Sr4Ru3O10: A ferromagnetic triple-layer ruthenate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SR3RU2O7; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We have determined the structure and magnetic properties of flux-grown single crystals of the triple-layer ruthenate Sr4Ru3O10 by x-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility measurements, respectively. The orthorhombic unit cell has Pbam space group symmetry and contains two crystallographically independent triple layers. The RuO6 octahedra in the outer two layers of each triple layer are rotated by an average of 5.6degrees around the c axis, while the octahedra of the inner layers are rotated in the opposite sense by an average of 11.0degrees. The Curie temperature of these ferromagnetic crystals is T-Curie=105 K, with a saturated moment of 1.0 mu(B)/Ru4+ ion. Thus Sr4Ru3O10 is a layered ferromagnetic ruthenate in the Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) series Srn+1RunO3n+1, which also includes the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4 (n=1), the enhanced paramagnetic metal Sr3Ru2O7 (n=2), and the pseudocubic ferromagnetic metal SrRuO3 (n=infinity). C1 DuPont Co Inc, Dept Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Synchrotron Res Ctr, DND CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Crawford, MK (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Dept Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. NR 17 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214412 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700070 ER PT J AU Errandonea, D Schwager, B Boehler, R Ross, M AF Errandonea, D Schwager, B Boehler, R Ross, M TI Phase behavior of krypton and xenon to 50 GPa SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HIGH-PRESSURE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; SOLID KRYPTON; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; STATE; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSITIONS; DISORDER AB The fcc-hcp phase transitions of krypton and xenon were investigated using synchrotron angle dispersive x-ray diffraction in a diamond-anvil cell up to 50 GPa. Both gases, heated at the highest pressures, exhibit coexistence of the fcc and hcp phases upon decompression to nearly ambient conditions with a decreasing hcp/fcc ratio. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Errandonea, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Postfach 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. RI Errandonea, Daniel/J-7695-2016 OI Errandonea, Daniel/0000-0003-0189-4221 NR 31 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214110 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700046 ER PT J AU Fedorov, AV Valla, T Liu, F Johnson, PD Weinert, M Allen, PB AF Fedorov, AV Valla, T Liu, F Johnson, PD Weinert, M Allen, PB TI Spin-resolved photoemission study of photohole lifetimes in ferromagnetic gadolinium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-STATE; GD(0001) SURFACE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; POLARIZATION; RESONANCE; ENERGY; BAND AB High-resolution spin-resolved photoemission is used to probe the decay channels available to a photohole created in a Gd(0001) surface state. The photoemission linewidths show that at low temperatures, the lifetime of a majority-spin hole is predominantly limited by electron-phonon scattering and that of a minority-spin hole by electron-magnon scattering. With increasing temperature this state shows both spin-mixing behavior reflecting the exchange of magnons and a reduced exchange splitting. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Fedorov, AV (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 212409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.212409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700024 ER PT J AU Feng, DL Kim, C Eisaki, H Lu, DH Damascelli, A Shen, KM Ronning, F Armitage, NP Kaneko, N Greven, M Shimoyama, J Kishio, K Yoshizaki, R Gu, GD Shen, ZX AF Feng, DL Kim, C Eisaki, H Lu, DH Damascelli, A Shen, KM Ronning, F Armitage, NP Kaneko, N Greven, M Shimoyama, J Kishio, K Yoshizaki, R Gu, GD Shen, ZX TI Electronic excitations near the Brillouin zone boundary of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; FERMI-SURFACE; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; MOTT INSULATOR; PHOTOEMISSION; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSION; SPECTRA; ARPES AB Based on angle resolved photoemission spectra measured on different systems at different dopings, momenta, and photon energies, we show that the anomalously large spectral linewidth in the (pi,0) region of optimal doped and underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta has significant contributions from the bilayer band splitting, and that the scattering rate in this region is considerably smaller than previously estimated. This picture of the electronic excitation near (pi,0) puts additional experimental constraints on various microscopic theories and data analyses. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM dlfeng@physics.ubc.ca RI Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 220501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.220501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100014 ER PT J AU Fisher, RA Bouquet, F Phillips, NE Hundley, MF Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Thompson, JD AF Fisher, RA Bouquet, F Phillips, NE Hundley, MF Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Thompson, JD TI Specific heat of CeRhIn5: Pressure-driven evolution of the ground state from antiferromagnetism to superconductivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Resistivity measurements on CeRhIn5 have suggested an unusual "first-order-like" transition from antiferromagnetism to superconductivity at a critical pressure P-c, similar to15 kbar: At pressures below P-c the magnetic ordering temperature is approximately independent of pressure. At P-c antiferromagnetism disappears abruptly and is replaced by superconductivity, with a critical temperature that is also approximately independent of pressure. Here we report measurements of the low-temperature specific heat of CeRhIn5 at pressures to 21 kbar, and for 21 kbar in magnetic fields to 70 kOe. They confirm, by measurement of a bulk thermodynamic property, the unusual relation between magnetism and superconductivity, and permit an estimate of the discontinuity in entropy at P-c. They also give insight into the natures of the antiferromagnetic and superconducting states and their changes with pressure: With increasing pressure the zero-field specific-heat anomaly changes from one typical of antiferromagnetic ordering at ambient pressure to one more characteristic of the formation of a Kondo singlet ground state at 21 kbar. The change in general shape of the anomaly is gradual, but at P-c, where the data suggest a weak thermodynamic first-order transition, there is a discontinuous change from an antiferromagnetic ground state to a superconducting ground state. Below P-c the quasiparticle density of states increases and the spin-wave stiffness decreases with increasing pressure. At P-c the low-energy magnetic excitations disappear and are replaced by excitations that are characteristic of superconductivity with line nodes in the energy gap. The quasiparticle density of states is continuous at P-c, but decreases with increasing pressure, to zero at 21 kbar. These features suggest the possibility of superconductivity with d-wave pairing and, at intermediate pressures, "extended gaplessness." At 21 kbar except for the line nodes, the Fermi surface is fully gapped. The specific-heat data also show the existence of a second-order transition in the 11-12-kbar region, where features in the magnetic susceptibility and resistivity have been observed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Fisher, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012 NR 13 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 224509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.224509 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100097 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, R Vergara, I Caceres, D Chen, Y AF Gonzalez, R Vergara, I Caceres, D Chen, Y TI Role of hydrogen and lithium impurities in radiation damage in neutron-irradiated MgO single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LI-DOPED MGO; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; DIFFUSION; DEUTERIUM; HYDROXYL; GROWTH AB Radiation damage induced by neutron irradiation was studied by optical absorption measurements in undoped MgO crystals and in MgO crystals intentionally doped with either hydrogen or lithium impurities. The oxygen-vacancy concentration incurred by the neutron irradiation increases with neutron dose. Suppression of radiation damage as characterized by oxygen vacancies is observed in MgO:H crystals and attributed to migration of oxygen vacancies to microcavities filled with hydrogen gas. In MgO:Li crystals irradiated with neutron doses below 10(18) neutrons/cm(2), most of the oxygen vacancies are camouflaged as hydride ions formed by the capture of protons by the oxygen vacancies. Substitutional lithium ions are also displaced. We postulate that they aggregate at Li2O precipitates. Thermal annealing experiments demonstrate that protons are mobile at 700 K and lithium ions at 1100 K. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. US DOE, Div Mat Sci, Off Basic Energy sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 224108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.224108 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100035 ER PT J AU Gygi, F Galli, G AF Gygi, F Galli, G TI Electronic excitations and the compressibility of deuterium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FLUID HYDROGEN; GIANT PLANETS; STATE; EQUATION; GPA; MBAR; HUGONIOT AB We propose an explanation of the large compressibility of deuterium observed in recent laser shock experiments, as inferred from large-scale first-principles simulations. Contrary to usual assumptions about dynamical compression of matter, we found that electronic excitations can occur during shock propagation in fluid deuterium. Their origin is traceable to nonadiabatic processes caused by transitions through avoided crossings near the Fermi level as the liquid is impacted by the shock front. Our results indicate that the observed large compressibility is determined by shock-induced electronic excitations and does not arise from new equilibrium properties of hydrogen in the liquid state. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gygi, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 220102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.220102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100002 ER PT J AU He, LX Neaton, JB Cohen, MH Vanderbilt, D Homes, CC AF He, LX Neaton, JB Cohen, MH Vanderbilt, D Homes, CC TI First-principles study of the structure and lattice dielectric response of CaCu3Ti4O12 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FALICOV-KIMBALL MODEL; ELECTRON-GAS; CONSTANT; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; POLARIZATION; INSULATORS; PRINCIPLES; SYSTEMS AB Structural and electronic properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 are calculated using density-functional theory within the local spin-density approximation. After an analysis of structural stability, zone-center optical phonon frequencies are evaluated using the frozen-phonon method and mode effective charges are determined from computed Berry-phase polarizations. Excellent agreement between calculated and measured phonon frequencies is obtained. The calculated mode effective charges are in poorer agreement with experiment, although they are of the correct order of magnitude and the lattice contribution to the static dielectric constant is calculated to be similar to40. On the basis of these results, various mechanisms are considered for the enormous dielectric response reported in recent experiments. No direct evidence is found for intrinsic lattice or electronic mechanisms, suggesting that increased attention should be given to extrinsic effects. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RI Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015 OI Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135 NR 38 TC 240 Z9 246 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214112 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700048 ER PT J AU Heilman, AK Xue, YY Lorenz, B Campbell, BJ Cmaidalka, J Meng, RL Wang, YS Chu, CW AF Heilman, AK Xue, YY Lorenz, B Campbell, BJ Cmaidalka, J Meng, RL Wang, YS Chu, CW TI Distinct insulating state below the Curie point in Pr0.7Ba0.3MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; LA1-XSRXMNO3; PEROVSKITES; TRANSPORT; PHASE; MANGANITES; MAGNETISM AB Magnetization, resistivity, thermal expansion, thermopower, and neutron powder diffraction data are presented for the perovskite manganite Pr0.7Ba0.3MnO3. A distinct ferromagnetic insulating state, similar to that observed in the La0.88Sr0.12MnO3 system, is observed in the temperature range between the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition at T(FM)approximate to180 K and the broad metal-insulator transition near T-p=120 K. The large A-site cation-size mismatch appears to suppress the ferromagnetic double-exchange interactions relative to the competing ferromagnetic superexchange interactions, thereby giving rise to the ferromagnetic insulating state. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Heilman, AK (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Campbell, Branton/A-3990-2008 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214423 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700081 ER PT J AU Hoyt, JJ Asta, M AF Hoyt, JJ Asta, M TI Atomistic computation of liquid diffusivity, solid-liquid interfacial free energy, and kinetic coefficient in Au and Ag SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LENNARD-JONES SYSTEM; PHASE-FIELD MODEL; DENDRITIC GROWTH; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; TRANSITION-METALS; MELT AB Molecular-dynamics simulations using interatomic potentials of the embedded atom method have been performed on pure Ag and Au to compute materials parameters which are necessary for continuum modeling of dendritic solidification. The liquid state diffusion coefficient has been determined for temperatures in the vicinity of the melting points and good agreement with experimental data available for Ag is found. The kinetic coefficients for Au and Ag have been determined by monitoring the velocity of the solid-liquid interface as a function of undercooling. Rates of crystallization for the 100 and 110 directions agree well with a model proposed by Broughton, Gilmer and Jackson [Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1496 (1982)] whereas the 111 direction exhibits a slower growth rate consistent with the presence of stacking fault clusters on the solid-liquid boundary, which anneal out during solidification. The solid-liquid interfacial free energy and its anisotropy have been obtained for Ag and Au by monitoring equilibrium fluctuations in the interface position. The fluctuation spectrum technique allows for an accurate determination of very small anisotropies in the interfacial energy and we find an anisotropy factor 1.0+/-0.3% for Ag and 1.6+/-0.3% for Au. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Hoyt, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 77 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 9 U2 47 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214106 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700042 ER PT J AU Hucker, M Buchner, B AF Hucker, M Buchner, B TI Antiferromagnetic order of effective Zn moments in La2-xSrxCuO4 (x <= 0.03) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LIGHTLY DOPED LA2-XSRXCUO4; MAGNETIC PHASE-DIAGRAM; NQR RELAXATION; NORMAL-STATE; LA2CUO4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; YBA2CU3O6+X; SEPARATION; IMPURITIES AB We have measured the static magnetic susceptibility of La2-xSrxCu1-zZnzO4 in order to study the magnetic contribution of Zn doping induced spin vacancies in the CuO2 planes. Our data clearly show that these effective Zn moments (EZM) are antiferromagnetically ordered below the Neel temperature T-N of the Cu spin lattice. Above T-N the EZM behave like a Curie-Weiss paramagnet with a small effective moment of mu(eff)similar to0.65mu(B)/Zn atom, which indicates that strong antiferromagnetic correlations between the EZM persist for T>T-N. Furthermore, we have analyzed the height of the Neel peaks, to determine the susceptibility chi(EZM) of the EZM for T>T-N directly from the experimental data. We find that in the paramagnetic phase the temperature dependence of chi(EZM) is different from that in the antiferromagnetic phase. To describe chi(EZM) for Tferromagnetic transformation at 4.3 K is abrupt in magnetic fields exceeding 18 kOe, but it is sluggish in lower (similar to17 kOe) magnetic fields. Third, both the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic Gd5Ge4 phases may coexist indefinitely under certain combinations of the magnetic field and temperature. It is likely that the unusual magnetic correlations in Gd5Ge4 arise due to strongly anisotropic exchange interactions as a result of variations in the chemical bonding in this naturally layered, and therefore, low-dimensional magnetic system. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Levin, EM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214427 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700085 ER PT J AU Lopez, R Haynes, TE Boatner, LA Feldman, LC Haglund, RF AF Lopez, R Haynes, TE Boatner, LA Feldman, LC Haglund, RF TI Size effects in the structural phase transition of VO2 nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; VANADIUM DIOXIDE; THIN-FILMS; SAPPHIRE AB We have observed size effects in the structural phase transition of submicron vanadium dioxide precipitates in silica. The VO2 nanoprecipitates are produced by the stoichiometric coimplantation of vanadium and oxygen and subsequent thermal processing. The observed size dependence in the transition temperature and hysteresis loops of the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition in VO2 is described in terms of heterogeneous nucleation statistics with a phenomenological approach in which the density of nucleating defects is a power function of the driving force. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Lopez, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 26 TC 186 Z9 190 U1 17 U2 124 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 224113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.224113 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100040 ER PT J AU Mel'nikov, AS Vinokur, VM AF Mel'nikov, AS Vinokur, VM TI Quasiparticle excitations and ballistic transport in the mixed state of mesoscopic superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPE; ULTRASMALL METALLIC GRAINS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; VORTEX CORES; BOUND-STATES; QUANTUM-DOT; JUNCTIONS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODES AB As the size of the superconducting sample with a few fluxoids is less than the dephasing length new physics comes into play. The quasiparticle excitations in vortices form coherent quantum-mechanical states providing thus a possibility to control the phase-coherent transport through the sample by changing the number of fluxoids and their configuration. Thus, mesoscopic samples with a few vortices realize a new type of magnetically tunable Andreev waveguides. The sample conductance measured in the direction of the applied magnetic field is determined by the transparency of different multivortex configurations (giant multiquanta vortices and vortex molecules) which form a set of quantum channels. The transmission coefficient for each channel is controlled by multiple Andreev reflections within the vortex cores and at the sample edge. These interference processes result in a stepwise and/or oscillating behavior of the conductance as a function of the applied magnetic field. This is a vortex-based switch with the magnetic field playing the role of the gate voltage. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mel'nikov, AS (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, GSP-105, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RI Mel'nikov, Alexander/E-8099-2017 OI Mel'nikov, Alexander/0000-0002-4241-467X NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 224514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.224514 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100102 ER PT J AU Noheda, B Zhong, Z Cox, DE Shirane, G Park, SE Rehrig, P AF Noheda, B Zhong, Z Cox, DE Shirane, G Park, SE Rehrig, P TI Electric-field-induced phase transitions in rhombohedral Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TixO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MONOCLINIC PHASE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FERROELECTRIC PEROVSKITE; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PB(ZR1-XTIX)O-3 ALLOYS; POLARIZATION ROTATION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-PBTIO3; PBZR1-XTIXO3; DOMAIN AB High-energy x-ray-diffraction experiments performed on rhombohedral Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TixO3 (PZN-x%PT) crystals with x=4.5% and 8% show that an electric field applied along the [001] direction induces the tetragonal phase, as proposed by Park and Shrout. Our experiments reveal that in PZN-4.5%PT such a phase change occurs via a third phase with monoclinic symmetry M-A, which is observed at intermediate field values. This is in agreement with first-principles calculations by Fu and Cohen predicting the rotation of the polarization between the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in this material. A different polarization path between the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, through a second monoclinic phase M-C, has been previously reported in PZN-8%PT. The microscopic characterization of these crystals allows us to explain the ultrahigh macroscopic strain observed in PZN-x%PT under an electric field. Furthermore, some unusual scattering profiles displayed by exceptionally good crystals provide experimental evidence of the high anharmonicities and near degeneracy of the different phases in these extremely deformable materials. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fraunhofer IBMT Technol Ctr Hialeah, Hialeah, FL USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Vrije Univ Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM noheda@nat.vu.nl NR 29 TC 135 Z9 135 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 224101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.224101 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100028 ER PT J AU Ovchinnikov, YN Kresin, VZ AF Ovchinnikov, YN Kresin, VZ TI Inhomogeneous superconductor in an ac field: Application to the pseudogap region SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; NA-DOPED WO3; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; CHARGE INHOMOGENEITIES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; NORMAL-STATE; GAP; FLUCTUATION AB The behavior of an inhomogeneous superconductor in an external ac field is studied. General equations describing the ac response are formulated. Special attention is paid to the case of a layered conductor containing superconducting "islands." A system of this type displays "pseudogap" properties. The surface impedance Z is evaluated. It is shown that Re Znot equal\ Im Z \ and that their difference is DeltaZproportional toomega(-1/2), where omega is the frequency of the ac field. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117332, Russia. RP Ovchinnikov, YN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214507 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700096 ER PT J AU Price, AN Miller, RI Kiefl, RF Chakhalian, JA Dunsiger, SR Morris, GD Sonier, JE Canfield, PC AF Price, AN Miller, RI Kiefl, RF Chakhalian, JA Dunsiger, SR Morris, GD Sonier, JE Canfield, PC TI Anomalous vortex state of superconducting LuNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID S-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; MAGNETIC-FIELD DEPENDENCE; PENETRATION DEPTH; CORE RADIUS; ENERGY; LU(NI1-XCOX)(2)B2C; YBA2CU3O6.95; RESISTIVITY; EXCITATIONS AB Muon spin rotation has been used to investigate the magnetic-field distribution in the vortex state of superconducting LuNi2B2C (T(c)approximate to16 K). Data for the magnetic field range 0.06H(c2)less than or similar toHless than or similar to0.23H(c2) are fitted to a nonlocal London model. The temperature dependence of the vortex core radius shows a clear Kramer-Pesch effect due to depopulation of bound states within the cores. Also, the penetration depth and core radius vary substantially with applied magnetic field, suggesting the presence of anomalous field-induced quasiparticles and vortex-vortex interactions. C1 Univ British Columbia, Canadian Inst Adv Res, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Price, AN (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Canadian Inst Adv Res, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Chakhalian, Jak/F-2274-2015 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214520 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214520 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700109 ER PT J AU Vaknin, D Zarestky, JL Miller, LL Rivera, JP Schmid, H AF Vaknin, D Zarestky, JL Miller, LL Rivera, JP Schmid, H TI Weakly coupled antiferromagnetic planes in single-crystal LiCoPO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; ISING-MODEL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; LINIPO4 AB Neutron-scattering and magnetic susceptibility studies of single-crystal LiCoPO4 are reported. The neutron-diffraction results indicate that in the antiferromagnetic phase the moments are not strictly aligned along the b axis, as previously reported [R. P. Santoro , J. Phys. Chem. 27, 1192 (1996)], but are uniformly rotated from this axis by a small angle (approximate to4.6degrees). This rotation breaks the mirror symmetry along the orthorhombic b axis. Symmetry considerations based on this rotation, on the magnetoelectric effect, and on a recently observed weak spontaneous magnetization along the spin direction, implying a so-far-unknown ferrimagneticlike kind of weak ferromagnetism, allow one to postulate the monoclinic magnetic point group 2('). The diffraction data are analyzed in terms of weakly coupled two-dimensional Ising antiferromagnets. The large anisotropy in the susceptibility is explained in terms of the single-ion anisotropy and anisotropic exchange interactions. We argue that the alignment of the magnetic moments in the antiferromagnetic phase is determined by the single-ion anisotropy even though the exchange along this direction is the weakest. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Geneva, Dept Inorgan Analyt & Appl Chem, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Vaknin, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 NR 62 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 AR 224414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.224414 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572HA UT WOS:000176767100070 ER PT J AU Wu, YZ Won, C Scholl, A Doran, A Toyoma, F Jin, XF Smith, NV Qiu, ZQ AF Wu, YZ Won, C Scholl, A Doran, A Toyoma, F Jin, XF Smith, NV Qiu, ZQ TI Interfacial magnetism of fcc Fe and the effect of the oscillatory interlayer coupling on the Ni magnetic properties in Ni/Fe/Co/Cu(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CURIE-TEMPERATURE; FILMS; CU(100); PHASES; FE/CU(100); OVERLAYERS; DICHROISM; SPECTRA; STATES; LAYERS AB Ni/Fe/Co/Cu(100) system was studied using photoemission electron microscope. By analyzing element specific domain images, we found that there exists oscillatory interlayer coupling between the Co and Ni layers across the fcc Fe layer. With the thickness and temperature dependent studies, we found strong evidence that the Fe layers at both the Fe/Co and Fe/Ni interfaces are ferromagnetically ordered in the 4-12 ML thickness range, and that the ferromagnetically ordered layer at the Fe/Ni interface disappears as the temperature exceeds the Curie temperature of the Ni layer. Moreover, the oscillatory interlayer coupling between the Co and Ni layers results in an oscillation of the Ni layer Curie temperature. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Sourc, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fudan Univ, Surface Phys Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, yizheng/P-2395-2014; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; Qiu, Zi Qiang/O-4421-2016 OI Wu, yizheng/0000-0002-9289-1271; Qiu, Zi Qiang/0000-0003-0680-0714 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 214417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.214417 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700075 ER PT J AU Yang, YS Marsiglio, F Madsen, M Gaulin, BD Rogge, RB Fernandez-Baca, JA AF Yang, YS Marsiglio, F Madsen, M Gaulin, BD Rogge, RB Fernandez-Baca, JA TI Spin-wave response in the dilute quasi-one-dimensional Ising-like antiferromagnet CsCo0.83Mg0.17Br3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ANTI-FERROMAGNETS; CSCOCL3; DYNAMICS; CSCOBR3 AB Inelastic neutron-scattering profiles of spin waves in the dilute quasi-one-dimensional Ising-like antiferromagnet CsCo0.83Mg0.17Br3 have been investigated. Calculations of S-xx(Q,omega), based on an effective spin Hamiltonian, accurately describe the experimental spin-wave spectrum of the 2J mode. The Q dependence of the energy of this spin-wave mode follows the analytical prediction omega(xx)(Q)=(2J)(1-5epsilon(2) cos(2) Qa+2epsilon(2))(1/2), calculated by Ishimura and Shiba using perturbation theory. C1 Pusan Natl Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Phys, Res Ctr Dielect & Adv Matter Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Chalk River Labs, Neutron Program Mat Res, Chalk River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yang, YS (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Phys, Res Ctr Dielect & Adv Matter Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014 OI Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 21 AR 212408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.212408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 572GM UT WOS:000176765700023 ER PT J AU Amos, K Karataglidis, S Deb, PK AF Amos, K Karataglidis, S Deb, PK TI Predictions of total and total reaction cross sections for nucleon-nucleus scattering up to 300 MeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; PROTONS; ENERGIES; TARGETS; PB-208 AB Total reaction cross sections are predicted for nucleons scattering from various nuclei. Projectile energies up to 300 MeV are considered. So also are mass variations of those cross sections at selected energies. All predictions have been obtained from coordinate space optical potentials formed by full folding effective two-nucleon (NN) interactions with one-body density matrix elements of the nuclear ground states. Good comparisons with data result when effective NN interactions defined by medium modification of free NN t matrices are used. Coupled with analyses of differential cross sections, these results are sensitive to details of the model ground states used to describe nuclei. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Amos, K (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064618 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.064618 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200063 ER PT J AU Back, BB Ballintijn, M Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, A Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Corbo, J Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, G Henderson, C Hicks, D Hofman, D Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, J Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Michalowski, J Mignerey, A Mulmenstadt, J Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Rafelski, M Rbeiz, M Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Stodulski, M Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B AF Back, BB Ballintijn, M Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, A Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Corbo, J Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, G Henderson, C Hicks, D Hofman, D Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, J Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Michalowski, J Mignerey, A Mulmenstadt, J Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Rafelski, M Rbeiz, M Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Stodulski, M Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI Centrality dependence of the charged particle multiplicity near midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 and 200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PLUS AU COLLISIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; DISTRIBUTIONS; PP AB The PHOBOS experiment has measured the charged particle multiplicity at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV as a function of the collision centrality. Results on dN(ch)/deta\(\eta\<1) divided by the number of participating nucleon pairs [N-part]/2 are presented as a function of [N-part]. As was found from similar data at roots(NN)=130 GeV, the data can be equally well described by parton saturation models and two-component fits, which include contributions that scale as N-part and the number of binary collisions N-coll. We compare the data at the two energies by means of the ratio R-200/130 of the charged particle multiplicity for the two different energies as a function of [N-part]. For events with [N-part]>00, we find that this ratio is consistent with a constant value of 1.14+/-1(stat)+/-5(syst). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015 OI Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678 NR 14 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 061901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.061901 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200009 ER PT J AU Bender, A Detmold, W Thomas, AW Roberts, CD AF Bender, A Detmold, W Thomas, AW Roberts, CD TI Bethe-Salpeter equation and a nonperturbative quark-gluon vertex SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; JONA-LASINIO MODEL; DIQUARK CONFINEMENT; INFRARED BEHAVIOR; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; DECAY CONSTANTS; BOUND-STATES; FORM-FACTORS; MASSES; QCD AB A Ward-Takahashi identity preserving Bethe-Salpeter kernel can always be calculated explicitly from a dressed-quark-gluon vertex whose diagrammatic content is enumerable. We illustrate that fact using a vertex obtained via the complete resummation of dressed-gluon ladders. While this vertex is planar, the vertex-consistent kernel is nonplanar and that is true for any dressed vertex. In an exemplifying model the rainbow-ladder truncation of the gap and Bethe-Salpeter equations yields many results; e.g., pi- and rho-meson masses, that are changed little by including higher-order corrections. Repulsion generated by nonplanar diagrams in the vertex-consistent Bethe-Salpeter kernel for quark-quark scattering is sufficient to guarantee that diquark bound states do not exist. C1 Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Bender, A (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 48 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 065203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.065203 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200072 ER PT J AU Hua, H Wu, CY Cline, D Hayes, AB Teng, R Clark, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Vetter, K AF Hua, H Wu, CY Cline, D Hayes, AB Teng, R Clark, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Vetter, K TI High-spin states in Mo-103,Mo-105, Nb-103, and the nu h(11/2) alignment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FISSION FRAGMENTS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; DEFORMATION; NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; DETECTOR; ISOTOPES; REGION AB High-spin states in neutron-rich nuclei Mo-103,Mo-105,Nb-103 have been studied using the U-238(alpha,f) fusion-fission reaction. The deexcitation gamma rays were detected by Gammasphere in coincidence with the detection of both fission fragments by the Rochester 4pi heavy-ion detector array, CHICO. The measured fission kinematics were used to deduce the masses and velocity vectors for both fission fragments. This allowed Doppler-shift corrections to be applied to the observed gamma rays on an event-by-event basis and the origin of gamma rays from either fission fragment to be established. With such advantages, the yrast sequences for these nuclei have been extended to the band crossing region. This band crossing is ascribed to the alignment of a pair of h(11/2) neutrons, which is supported by the observed blocking effect for the nuh(11/2) band in Mo-105 while there is no evidence for blocking in the alignment measured for either the nud(5/2) band in Mo-103 or the pig(9/2) band in Nb-103. The observed upbend, rather than the sharp backbend seen in the Ru-Pd region, indicates a strong interaction between the ground-state and the aligned h(11/2) bands. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Phys, Nucl Struct Res Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hua, H (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys, Nucl Struct Res Lab, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.064325 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200045 ER PT J AU Jalilian-Marian, J Jeon, S AF Jalilian-Marian, J Jeon, S TI Probing gluons in nuclei: The case of eta ' SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID WILSON RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; LOW X PHYSICS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CHARGE-DENSITY; EVOLUTION; COLLISIONS; QCD; EQUATION AB Using the recently proposed ggeta' effective vertex, we investigate the production of eta' from gluon fusion in pA collisions. We show that measuring eta' production cross section at moderate x(eta)' yields direct information on the small x gluon distribution function of the nucleus. At RHIC, the smallest accessible x turns out to be O(10(-5)) and at LHC, it is O(10(-8)). Therefore, eta' is an excellent probe of the color glass condensate. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jalilian-Marian, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 065201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.065201 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200070 ER PT J AU Jenkins, DG Kelsall, NS Lister, CJ Balamuth, DP Carpenter, MP Sienko, TA Fischer, SM Clark, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Macchiavelli, AO Svensson, CE Wadsworth, R Reviol, W Sarantites, DG Ball, GC Rikovska Stone, J Juillet, O Van Isacker, P Afanasjev, AV Frauendorf, S AF Jenkins, DG Kelsall, NS Lister, CJ Balamuth, DP Carpenter, MP Sienko, TA Fischer, SM Clark, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Macchiavelli, AO Svensson, CE Wadsworth, R Reviol, W Sarantites, DG Ball, GC Rikovska Stone, J Juillet, O Van Isacker, P Afanasjev, AV Frauendorf, S TI T=0 and T=1 states in the odd-odd N=Z nucleus, Br-70(35)35 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL BANDS; QUASIDEUTERON CONFIGURATIONS; CHANNEL-SELECTION; EXCITED-STATES; BETA-DECAY; HIGH-SPIN; RB-74; IDENTIFICATION; BR-70; KR-72 AB Excited states in Br-70 were populated in the Ca-40(S-32,pn) reaction at E-beam=80-100 MeV and the Ca-40(Ar-36,alphapn) reaction at E-beam=145 MeV. The resulting gamma decay was detected using the Gammasphere array triggered by a 30-element neutron detector. The cross-bombardment allowed the unambiguous assignment of levels to Br-70, comprising a total of 32 states built both on the J(pi)=0(+) ground state and a previously known J(pi)=9(+) isomer, which is located at an excitation energy of 2293 keV by the observation of linking transitions. The structures are discussed within the context of the two-quasiparticle plus rotor model, the IBM-4 model and the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky formalism. The nonobservation of a doublet of J=0, T=1 and J=1, T=0 states at low excitation in Br-70 is indicative that T=0 proton-neutron pairing strength is weak in comparison to T=1 pairing. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. De Paul Univ, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Grand Accelerateur Natl Ions Lourds, F-14076 Caen 5, France. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Latvia, Inst Solid State Phys, Lab Radiat Phys, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia. Rossendorf Res Ctr, IKH, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Jenkins, DG (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 56 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.064307 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200027 ER PT J AU Pienkowski, L Kwiatkowski, K Lefort, T Hsi, WC Beaulieu, L Viola, VE Botvina, A Korteling, RG Laforest, R Martin, E Ramakrishnan, E Rowland, D Ruangma, A Winchester, E Yennello, SJ Back, B Breuer, H Gushue, S Remsberg, LP AF Pienkowski, L Kwiatkowski, K Lefort, T Hsi, WC Beaulieu, L Viola, VE Botvina, A Korteling, RG Laforest, R Martin, E Ramakrishnan, E Rowland, D Ruangma, A Winchester, E Yennello, SJ Back, B Breuer, H Gushue, S Remsberg, LP TI Breakup time scale studied in the 8 GeV/c pi(-)+Au-197 reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HOT NUCLEI; ENERGETIC ANTIPROTONS; HEAVY-NUCLEI; GEV/C ANTIPROTON; SEQUENTIAL DECAY; GEV HE-3; MULTIFRAGMENTATION; EMISSION; FISSION; PROTON AB Experimental data from the reaction of an 8.0 GeV/c pi(-) beam incident on a Au-197 target have been analyzed in order to investigate the breakup time scale for hot residues. Helium nuclei angular distributions and energy spectra supported by a momentum tensor analysis suggest that at large excitation energy, above 3-5 MeV/nucleon, highly excited heavy fragments are separated promptly after the thermalization. A binary fission-like mechanism fits the experimental data at low excitation energies, but seems unable to reproduce the data at excitation energies above 3-5 MeV/nucleon. C1 Warsaw Univ, Heavy Ion Lab, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, IUCF, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, RU-117312 Moscow, Russia. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Cyclotron Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pienkowski, L (reprint author), Warsaw Univ, Heavy Ion Lab, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. RI Beaulieu, Luc/A-6803-2009; Rowland, Douglas/F-3104-2014; Yennello, Sherry/B-5803-2015 OI Beaulieu, Luc/0000-0003-0429-6366; Rowland, Douglas/0000-0001-8059-6905; Yennello, Sherry/0000-0003-3963-5217 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.064606 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200051 ER PT J AU Schiavilla, R Pandharipande, VR AF Schiavilla, R Pandharipande, VR TI Elastic e-d scattering data and the deuteron wave function SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; FORM-FACTORS; NUCLEON; CHARGE AB What range of momentum components in the deuteron wave function are available e-d elastic scattering data sensitive to? This question is addressed within the context of a model calculation of the deuteron form factors, based on realistic interactions and currents. It is shown that the data on the A(q), B(q), and T-20(q) observables at qless than or equal to6 fm(-1) essentially probe momentum components up to similar or equal to4m(pi). C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Schiavilla, R (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.064009 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200020 ER PT J AU Stone, JR Stevenson, PD Miller, JC Strayer, MR AF Stone, JR Stevenson, PD Miller, JC Strayer, MR TI Nuclear matter and neutron star properties calculated with a separable monopole interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID X-RAY BINARIES; DENSE MATTER; SPHERICAL NUCLEI; EQUATION; MASS; MODEL; HOT; INCOMPRESSIBILITY; OSCILLATIONS; TEMPERATURE AB This paper presents a further application of a new model for the effective two-body nucleon-nucleon interaction using a density-dependent separable monopole (SMO) interaction. This model has recently been successfully used for calculating the ground-state properties of spherical, doubly closed-shell nuclei from O-16 to Pb-208 and is used here to calculate properties of infinite symmetric nuclear matter and the beta-stable n+p+e+mu matter of relevance for neutron stars. An equation of state (EOS) is constructed for this and is joined smoothly onto the Baym, Pethick, and Sutherland EOS for baryon number densities below n=0.1 fm(-3) and onto the widely used Bethe-Johnson EOS at n=0.5 fm(-3). Nonrotating, zero-temperature neutron-star models have been calculated for this composite EOS and the results obtained are compared with those for models calculated with the Skyrme effective interaction and with realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials. The SMO interaction is shown to give excellent global agreement with a wide range of expected properties of infinite nuclear matter and of neutron stars. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Oxford, Nucl & Astrophys Lab, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stone, JR (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Stevenson, Paul/B-9016-2012 OI Stevenson, Paul/0000-0003-2645-2569 NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.064312 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200032 ER PT J AU Tavukcu, E Bernstein, LA Hauschild, K Becker, JA Garrett, PE McGrath, CA McNabb, DP Younes, W Navratil, P Nelson, RO Johns, GD Mitchell, GE Cizewski, JA AF Tavukcu, E Bernstein, LA Hauschild, K Becker, JA Garrett, PE McGrath, CA McNabb, DP Younes, W Navratil, P Nelson, RO Johns, GD Mitchell, GE Cizewski, JA TI States in Pt-196 observed with the (n,n 'gamma) reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INTERACTING BOSON MODEL; RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; OCTUPOLE FRAGMENTATION; GAMMA-SOFTNESS; SCISSORS MODE; O(6) LIMIT; M1; TRIAXIALITY; SYMMETRY AB Levels in Pt-196 have been studied via the Pt-196(n,n'gamma) reaction for a range of neutron energies from 1 to 8 MeV. A "white" spectrum of neutrons was produced at the LANSCE/WNR facility, and the incident neutron energy was determined by the time-of-flight technique. Analysis of measured gammagamma coincidence data and gamma-ray excitation functions, obtained with the large-scale Compton-suppressed Ge spectrometer GEANIE, yielded 13 new levels and 24 new gamma rays below E-x=3 MeV in Pt-196. Interacting boson model (IBM) calculations with broken SO(6) dynamical symmetry were performed. A new experimental level was found to be a prime candidate for the J(pi)=4(+), sigma=6, tau=5 IBM state. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Tavukcu, E (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; McGrath, Christopher/E-8995-2013 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.064309 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200029 ER PT J AU Titarenko, YE Shvedov, OV Batyaev, VF Karpikhin, EI Zhivun, VM Koldobsky, AB Mulambetov, RD Kvasova, SV Sosnin, AN Mashnik, SG Prael, RE Sierk, AJ Gabriel, TA Saito, M Yasuda, H AF Titarenko, YE Shvedov, OV Batyaev, VF Karpikhin, EI Zhivun, VM Koldobsky, AB Mulambetov, RD Kvasova, SV Sosnin, AN Mashnik, SG Prael, RE Sierk, AJ Gabriel, TA Saito, M Yasuda, H TI Cross sections for nuclide production in 1 GeV proton-irradiated Pb-208 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTS 6-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-Z-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-29; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; ENERGY-RANGE; SPALLATION; TARGETS; MODEL; SIMULATION AB We measure 114 nuclide-production cross sections for an isotopically enriched Pb-208 target bombarded with 1.0 GeV protons. The cross sections are determined using direct gamma spectrometry with a high-resolution Ge detector. The cross sections are compared to another experiment which used gamma spectrometry with a natural Pb target; our results average 7.5% less for nuclides measured in common. They are also compared to a kinematically inverse reaction of 1 GeV/nucleon Pb-208 interacting with a hydrogen target; we find our results average 15% higher than those for (a different set of) common nuclides. We find there is a systematic discrepancy between the cross sections found from the two very different experimental techniques. We also compare our measurements to eight different models. We find most are fairly reliable in predicting cross sections for nuclides not too far away in mass from Pb, but differ greatly in their reliability for nuclides in the deep-spallation and fission mass regions. In the spallation region (Agreater than or similar to155), the CEM2K code, which includes an intranuclear cascade, followed by a preequilibrium stage, leading finally to equilibrium decay, gives the best representation of our data. In the center of the fission/fragmentation mass region, the INUCL code is the most accurate. INUCL includes the same basic ingredients of cascade, preequilibrium, and evaporation, but differs considerably in details. It also contains a comprehensive fission model, which is lacking in CEM2K. No simulation code tested is reliable for the entire mass range of nuclides measured. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, RU-117259 Moscow, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 152, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Titarenko, YE (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, B Cheremushkinskaya 25, RU-117259 Moscow, Russia. NR 55 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064610 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.064610 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200055 ER PT J AU Yu, CH Baktash, C Cameron, JA Devlin, M Eberth, J Galindo-Uribarri, A Haslip, DS LaFosse, DR Lampman, TJ Lee, IY Lerma, F Macchiavelli, AO Paul, SD Radford, DC Ragnarsson, I Rudolph, D Sarantites, DG Svensson, CE Waddington, JC Wells, JC Wilson, JN AF Yu, CH Baktash, C Cameron, JA Devlin, M Eberth, J Galindo-Uribarri, A Haslip, DS LaFosse, DR Lampman, TJ Lee, IY Lerma, F Macchiavelli, AO Paul, SD Radford, DC Ragnarsson, I Rudolph, D Sarantites, DG Svensson, CE Waddington, JC Wells, JC Wilson, JN TI Rotational bands with terminating properties in Ni-59 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIVITY; GAMMASPHERE AB Highly-deformed rotational bands were established in Ni-59 using the Ca-40(Si-29,2p2alpha)Ni-59 reaction. Lifetime measurements indicate that transition quadrupole moments of two of these bands decrease as they smoothly approach their maximum-spin states. The configurations of these bands as well as their band-terminating features are discussed based on configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. These calculations indicate that, unlike similar bands observed previously in the region, the two bands in Ni-59 maintain significant collectivity at their I=I-max states. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Yu, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rudolph, Dirk/D-4259-2009; Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; radford, David/A-3928-2015 OI Rudolph, Dirk/0000-0003-1199-3055; Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 061302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.061302 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200002 ER PT J AU Zschiesche, D Stocker, H Greiner, W Schramm, S AF Zschiesche, D Stocker, H Greiner, W Schramm, S TI Space-time evolution and Hanbury Brown-Twiss analysis of relativistic heavy ion collisions in a chiral SU(3)xSU(3) model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON-PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS; BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATIONS; PION INTERFEROMETRY; PHASE-TRANSITION; FREEZE-OUT; NONEQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL EQUILIBRATION; PARTICLE CORRELATIONS AB The space-time dynamics and pion-Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) radii in central heavy ion collisions at CERN-SPS and BNL-RHIC are investigated within a hydrodynamic simulation. The dependence of the dynamics and the HBT parameters on the equation of state (EOS) is studied with different parametrizations of a chiral SU(3) sigma-omega model. The self-consistent collective expansion includes the effects of effective hadron masses, generated by the nonstrange and strange scalar condensates. Different chiral EOS show different types of phase transitions and even a crossover. The influence of the order of the phase transition and of the latent heat on the space-time dynamics and pion-HBT radii is studied. A small latent heat, i.e., a weak first-order chiral phase transition, or a smooth crossover lead to distinctly different HBT predictions than a strong first order phase transition. A quantitative description of the data, both at SPS energies as well as at RHIC energies, appears difficult to achieve within the ideal hydrodynamic approach using the SU(3) chiral EOS. A strong first-order quasiadiabatic chiral phase transition seems to be disfavored by the pion-HBT data from CERN-SPS and BNL-RHIC. C1 Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zschiesche, D (reprint author), Inst Theoret Phys, Postfach 11 19 32, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664 NR 82 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.064902 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 572HV UT WOS:000176769200066 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Colijn, AP Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Fang, HC Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giordani, MP Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, D Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Colijn, AP Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Fang, HC Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giordani, MP Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, D Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for the decay B-s ->mu(+)mu(-)phi in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MESON DECAYS AB We present a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay B-s-->mu(+)mu(-)phi in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.8 TeV, using 91 pb(-1) of data collected at the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). We find two candidate events for this decay, which are consistent with the background estimate of one event, and set an upper limit on the branching fraction of B(B-s-->mu(+)mu(-)phi)<6.7x10(-5) at a 95% confidence level. This is the first limit on the branching fraction of this decay. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Acosta, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014 OI Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 111101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.111101 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900001 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Colijn, AP Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Dunietz, I Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Fang, HC Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Unel, MK Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, K Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, T Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, NS Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Martin, V Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, D Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Sedov, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Spezziga, M Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Colijn, AP Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Dunietz, I Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Fang, HC Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Unel, MK Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, K Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, T Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, NS Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Martin, V Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, D Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Sedov, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Spezziga, M Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Comparison of the isolated direct photon cross sections in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV and root s=0.63 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID = 1.8 TEV; CDF AB We have measured the cross sections d(2)sigma/dP(T)deta for production of isolated direct photons in p (p) over bar collisions at two different center-of-mass energies, 1.8 TeV and 0.63 TeV, using the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The normalization of both data sets agrees with the predictions of quantum chromodynamics for a photon transverse momentum (P-T) of 25 GeV/c, but the shapes versus photon P-T do not. These shape differences lead to a significant disagreement in the ratio of cross sections in the scaling variable x(T)(=2P(T)/roots). This disagreement in the x(T) ratio is difficult to explain with conventional theoretical uncertainties such as scale dependence and parton distribution parametrizations. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15218 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Acosta, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014 OI Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; NR 17 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 112003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.112003 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900006 ER PT J AU Ahmed, M Amann, JF Barlow, D Black, K Bolton, RD Brooks, ML Carius, S Chen, YK Chernyshev, A Concannon, HM Cooper, MD Cooper, PS Crocker, J Dittmann, JR Dzemidzic, M Empl, A Fisk, RJ Fleet, E Foreman, W Gagliardi, CA Haim, D Hallin, A Hoffman, CM Hogan, GE Hughes, EB Hungerford, EV Jui, CCH Kim, GJ Knott, JE Koetke, DD Kozlowski, T Kroupa, MA Kunselman, AR Lan, KA Laptev, V Lee, D Liu, F Manweiler, RW Marshall, R Mayes, BW Mischke, RE Nefkens, BMK Nickerson, LM Nord, PM Oothoudt, MA Otis, JN Phelps, R Piilonen, LE Pillai, C Pinsky, L Ritter, MW Smith, C Stanislaus, TDS Stantz, KM Szymanski, JJ Tang, L Tippens, WB Tribble, RE Tu, XL Van Ausdeln, LA von Witch, WH Whitehouse, D Wilkinson, C Wright, B Wright, SC Zhang, Y Ziock, KOH AF Ahmed, M Amann, JF Barlow, D Black, K Bolton, RD Brooks, ML Carius, S Chen, YK Chernyshev, A Concannon, HM Cooper, MD Cooper, PS Crocker, J Dittmann, JR Dzemidzic, M Empl, A Fisk, RJ Fleet, E Foreman, W Gagliardi, CA Haim, D Hallin, A Hoffman, CM Hogan, GE Hughes, EB Hungerford, EV Jui, CCH Kim, GJ Knott, JE Koetke, DD Kozlowski, T Kroupa, MA Kunselman, AR Lan, KA Laptev, V Lee, D Liu, F Manweiler, RW Marshall, R Mayes, BW Mischke, RE Nefkens, BMK Nickerson, LM Nord, PM Oothoudt, MA Otis, JN Phelps, R Piilonen, LE Pillai, C Pinsky, L Ritter, MW Smith, C Stanislaus, TDS Stantz, KM Szymanski, JJ Tang, L Tippens, WB Tribble, RE Tu, XL Van Ausdeln, LA von Witch, WH Whitehouse, D Wilkinson, C Wright, B Wright, SC Zhang, Y Ziock, KOH CA MEGA Collaboration TI Search for the lepton-family-number nonconserving decay mu(+)-> e(+)gamma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MUON DECAY; DETECTOR; CONSTRUCTION; PERFORMANCE; PHYSICS; FLAVOR AB The MEGA experiment, which searched for the muon- and electron-number violating decay mu(+)-->e(+)gamma, is described. The spectrometer system, the calibrations, the data taking procedures, the data analysis, and the sensitivity of the experiment are discussed. The most stringent upper limit on the branching ratio, B(mu(+)-->e(+)gamma)<1.2x10(-11) with 90% confidence, is derived from a likelihood analysis. C1 Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 46383 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20740 USA. Uppsala Univ, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. Zhejiang Silk & Text Univ, Hangzhou 310012, Peoples R China. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. InSyst Technol, Roanoke, VA 24010 USA. Queens Univ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Monmouth Coll, Monmouth, IL 61462 USA. Vina Technol, Newark, CA 94560 USA. Illinois Math & Sci Acad, Aurora, IL 60506 USA. IBM Corp, Austin, TX 78758 USA. IBM Corp, Microelect Div, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Optoson Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46260 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. Cisco Syst Inc, Richardson, TX 75082 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Allied Grp, Glastonbury, CT 06033 USA. AT&T Labs Res, Middletown, NJ 07932 USA. RP Ahmed, M (reprint author), Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Crocker, John/D-4991-2012 OI Crocker, John/0000-0001-6239-6010 NR 28 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 112002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.112002 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900005 ER PT J AU Beacom, JF Bell, NF AF Beacom, JF Bell, NF TI Do solar neutrinos decay? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TRITIUM BETA-SPECTRUM; BROKEN LEPTON NUMBER; ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS; MASS; OSCILLATIONS; CONSTRAINTS; MATTER; MAJORONS; PHYSICS; B-8 AB Despite the fact that the solar neutrino flux is now well understood in the context of matter-affected neutrino mixing, we find that it is not yet possible to set a strong and model-independent bound on solar neutrino decays. If neutrinos decay into truly invisible particles, the Earth-Sun baseline defines a lifetime limit of tau/mgreater than or similar to10(-4) s/eV. However, there are many possibilities which must be excluded before such a bound can be established. There is an obvious degeneracy between the neutrino lifetime and the mixing parameters. More generally, one must also allow the possibility of active daughter neutrinos and/or antineutrinos, which may partially conceal the characteristic features of decay. Many of the most exotic possibilities that presently complicate the extraction of a decay bound will be removed if the KamLAND reactor antineutrino experiment confirms the large-mixing angle solution to the solar neutrino problem and measures the mixing parameters precisely. Better experimental and theoretical constraints on the B-8 neutrino flux will also play a key role, as will tighter bounds on absolute neutrino masses. Though the lifetime limit set by the solar flux is weak, it is still the strongest direct limit on nonradiative neutrino decay. Even so, there is no guarantee (by about eight orders of magnitude) that neutrinos from astrophysical sources such as a Galactic supernova or distant active galactic nuclei will not decay. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM beacom@fnal.gov; nfb@fnal.gov OI Beacom, John/0000-0002-0005-2631 NR 54 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 113009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.113009 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900015 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Lee, J AF Berger, EL Lee, J TI Hadronic decays of chi(bJ) into light bottom squarks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID VIOLATING SUPERSYMMETRIC COUPLINGS; WAVE QUARKONIUM DECAYS; MEDIATED SUSY BREAKING; FERMILAB-TEVATRON; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; E+E ANNIHILATION; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; QCD CORRECTIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; CROSS-SECTION AB We calculate the rates for inclusive hadronic decay of the three chi(bJ) states into a pair of light bottom squarks as a function of the masses of the bottom squark and the gluino. We include color-singlet and color-octet configurations. The color-octet contribution is found to be insignificant for the chi(b0) but can dominate in the chi(b2) case if current lattice estimates are used for the color-octet matrix element. In comparison with the standard model values, bottom squark decays can increase the predicted hadronic width of the chi(b0) by as much as 33%, for very small bottom squark masses and gluino masses in the range of 12 GeV, but make a small contribution in the cases of chi(b1) and chi(b2). Data from decays of the chi(bJ) states could provide significant new bounds on the existence and masses of supersymmetric particles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 114003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.114003 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900021 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ Hoyer, P Marchal, N Peigne, S Sannino, F AF Brodsky, SJ Hoyer, P Marchal, N Peigne, S Sannino, F TI Structure functions are not parton probabilities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FACTORIZATION; SCATTERING; REPRESENTATION; FIELD AB The common view that structure functions measured in deep inelastic lepton scattering are determined by the probability of finding quarks and gluons in the target is not correct in gauge theory. We show that gluon exchange between the fast, outgoing partons and target spectators, which is usually assumed to be an irrelevant gauge artifact, affects the leading twist structure functions in a profound way. This observation removes the apparent contradiction between the projectile (eikonal) and target (parton model) views of diffractive and small x(B) phenomena. The diffractive scattering of the fast outgoing quarks on spectators in the target causes shadowing in the DIS cross section. Thus the depletion of the nuclear structure functions is not intrinsic to the wave function of the nucleus, but is a coherent effect arising from the destructive interference of diffractive channels induced by final state interactions. This is consistent with the Glauber-Gribov interpretation of shadowing as a rescattering effect. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. LAPTH, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. OI Sannino, Francesco/0000-0003-2361-5326 NR 29 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 114025 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.114025 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900043 ER PT J AU Campbell, J Ellis, RK AF Campbell, J Ellis, RK TI Next-to-leading order corrections to W+2 jet and Z+2 jet production at hadron colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PT W; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; FERMILAB TEVATRON; CROSS-SECTIONS; QCD; AMPLITUDES; ANNIHILATION; COLLISIONS; PARTONS; BOSON AB We report on QCD radiative corrections to the processes p (p) over bar-->W+2 jets and p (p) over bar-->Z+2 jets at the Fermilab Tevatron. These processes are included in the Monte Carlo program MCFM, which allows the calculation of any infrared finite variable at next-to-leading order. Because of a better theoretical description of jets at next-to-leading order, some distributions exhibit significant corrections. As expected, the unphysical dependence of theoretical predictions upon the renormalization and factorization scales is greatly reduced compared to leading order. As an example of the predictions that may now be made with MCFM, we present a next-to-leading order estimate of the heavy flavor content of jets produced in association with vector bosons. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Campbell, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 287 Z9 287 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 113007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.065.113007 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900013 ER PT J AU Choudhury, D Tait, TMP Wagner, CEM AF Choudhury, D Tait, TMP Wagner, CEM TI Probing heavy Higgs boson models with a TeV linear collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC SYMMETRY-BREAKING; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; TOP QUARK MASS; SEESAW MECHANISM; CONDENSATION; UNITARITY; EXTENSION; TOPCOLOR; PHYSICS AB There has been a great development in our understanding of particle physics at the weak scale in recent years. Precision electroweak observables have played a key role in this process and their values are consistent, within the standard model (SM) interpretation, with a light Higgs boson with a mass lower than about 200 GeV. If new physics were responsible for the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking there would, quite generally, be modifications to this prediction induced by the nonstandard contributions to the precision electroweak observables. In this paper, we analyze the experimental signatures of a heavy Higgs boson at linear colliders. We show that a linear collider, with a center of mass energy rootsless than or similar to1 TeV, would be very useful to probe the basic ingredients of well motivated heavy Higgs boson models: a relatively heavy SM-like Higgs boson, together with either extra scalar or fermionic degrees of freedom, or with the mixing of the third generation quarks with nonstandard heavy quark modes. C1 Harish Chandra Res Inst, Allahabad 211019, Uttar Pradesh, India. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Choudhury, D (reprint author), Harish Chandra Res Inst, Chhatnag Rd, Allahabad 211019, Uttar Pradesh, India. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 115007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.115007 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900061 ER PT J AU Duncan, A Eichten, E AF Duncan, A Eichten, E TI Improved pseudofermion approach for all-point propagators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID OVERLAP DIRAC OPERATOR; LATTICE QCD AB Quark propagators with arbitrary sources and sinks can be obtained more efficiently using a pseudofermion method with a mode-shifted action. Mode shifting solves the problem of critical slowing down (for light quarks) induced by low eigenmodes of the Dirac operator. The method allows the full physical content of every gauge configuration to be extracted, and should be especially helpful for unquenched QCD calculations. The method can be applied for all the conventional quark actions: Wilson, Sheikholeslami-Wohlert, Kogut-Susskind, as well as Ginsparg-Wilson compliant overlap actions. The statistical properties of the method are examined and examples of physical processes under study are presented. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 114502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.114502 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900045 ER PT J AU Farzan, Y Smirnov, AY AF Farzan, Y Smirnov, AY TI Leptonic unitarity triangle and CP violation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NEUTRINO OSCILLATION EXPERIMENTS; CURRENT CROSS-SECTION; T-VIOLATION; 3-NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; NUMBER NONCONSERVATION; SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; MATTER; PHYSICS; MUON; MASS AB The area of the unitarity triangle is a measure of CP violation. We introduce the leptonic unitarity triangles and study their properties. We consider the possibility of reconstructing the unitarity triangle in future oscillation and nonoscillation experiments. A set of measurements is suggested which will, in principle, allow us to measure all sides of the triangle, and consequently to establish CP violation. For different values of the CP-violating phase delta(D), the required accuracy of measurements is estimated. The key elements of the method are the determination of parallel toU(e3)parallel to and studying the nu(mu)-nu(mu) survival probability in the oscillations driven by the solar mass splitting Deltam(sun)(2). We suggest additional astrophysical measurements which may help to reconstruct the triangle. The method of the unitarity triangle is complementary to the direct measurements of CP asymmetry. It requires mainly studies of the survival probabilities and processes where oscillations are averaged or the coherence of the state is lost. C1 Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. RP Farzan, Y (reprint author), Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. NR 89 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 113001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.113001 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900007 ER PT J AU Laiho, J Soni, A AF Laiho, J Soni, A TI Lattice extraction of K ->pi pi amplitudes to O(p(4)) in chiral perturbation theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIRECT CP VIOLATION; DELTA-I=1/2 RULE; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; ONE-LOOP; DECAYS; EPSILON'/EPSILON; MODEL AB We show that the lattice calculation of K-->pipi and epsilon'/epsilon amplitudes for (8,1) and (27,1) operators to O(p(4)) in chiral perturbation theory is feasible when one uses K-->pipi computations at the two unphysical kinematics allowed by the Maiani-Testa theorem, along with the usual (computable) two- and three-point functions, namely K-->0, K-->pi (with momentum), and K-(K) over bar. Explicit expressions for the finite logarithms emerging from our O(p(4)) analysis to the above amplitudes are also given. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Laiho, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 114020 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.114020 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900038 ER PT J AU Lane, K AF Lane, K TI Case study in dimensional deconstruction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; ELECTROWEAK AB We test dimensional deconstruction on a model of Arkani-Hamed, Cohen, and Georgi that is predicted to have a naturally light composite Higgs boson, i.e., one whose mass M is much less than its binding scale Lambda, and whose quartic coupling lambda is large, so that its vacuum expectation value vsimilar toM/rootlambda<) and the one-gluon-exchange result for the Coulomb coefficients as A(3Q)similar or equal to 1/2A(Q (Q) over bar). We investigate also the several fit analyses with the various Ansatze: the Y Ansatz with the Yukawa potential, the Delta Ansatz and a more general Ansatz including the Y and the Delta Ansatze in some limits. All these fit analyses support the Y Ansatz on the confinement part in the 3Q potential V-3Q, although V-3Q seems to be approximated by the Delta Ansatz with sigma(Delta)similar or equal to0.53sigma. C1 Osaka Univ, RCNP, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, RBRC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kyoto Univ, YITP, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Takahashi, TT (reprint author), Osaka Univ, RCNP, Mihogatoka 10-1, Osaka 5670047, Japan. NR 48 TC 158 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 114509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.114509 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900052 ER PT J AU Zeller, GP McFarland, KS Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Frey, R Formaggio, JA Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Tzanov, M Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zimmerman, ED AF Zeller, GP McFarland, KS Adams, T Alton, A Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Frey, R Formaggio, JA Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, W Mason, D McDonald, J McNulty, C Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Shaevitz, MH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Tzanov, M Vakili, M Vaitaitis, A Yang, UK Yu, J Zimmerman, ED TI Effect of asymmetric strange seas and isospin-violating parton distribution functions on sin(2)theta(W) measured in the NuTeV experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CHARGE ASYMMETRY; NUCLEON SEA; SYMMETRY AB The NuTeV Collaboration recently reported a value of sin(2)theta(W) measured in neutrino-nucleon scattering that is 3 standard deviations above the standard model prediction. This result is derived assuming that (1) the strange sea is quark-antiquark symmetric, s(x)=(s) over bar (x), and (2) up and down quark distributions are symmetric under the simultaneous interchange of u<->d and p<->n. We report the impact of violations of these symmetries on sin(2)theta(W) and discuss the theoretical and experimental constraints on such asymmetries. C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Zeller, GP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 22 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 11 AR 111103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.111103 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 572JN UT WOS:000176770900003 ER PT J AU Aranson, IS Tsimring, LS AF Aranson, IS Tsimring, LS TI Continuum theory of partially fluidized granular flows SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SURFACE FLOWS; ROTATING DRUM; DYNAMICS; ROUGH; SEGREGATION; AVALANCHES; MODEL; FRICTION; STRESS; MATTER AB A continuum theory of partially fluidized granular flows is developed. The theory is based on a combination of the equations for the flow velocity and shear stresses coupled with the order-parameter equation which describes the transition between the flowing and static components of the granular system. We apply this theory to several important granular problems: avalanche flow in deep and shallow inclined layers, rotating drums, and shear granular flows between two plates. We carry out quantitative comparisons between the theory and experiment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 63 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 061303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.061303 PN 1 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 572FH UT WOS:000176762500023 PM 12188712 ER PT J AU Dufresne, EM Nurushev, T Clarke, R Dierker, SB AF Dufresne, EM Nurushev, T Clarke, R Dierker, SB TI Concentration fluctuations in the binary mixture hexane-nitrobenzene with static and dynamic x-ray scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SPECKLE AB We report on a small-angle x-ray scattering study of the hexane-nitrobenzene binary fluid mixture near its critical point. The use of an ultrabright x-ray undulator synchrotron source enabled us to measure the temperature dependence of the static structure factor with unprecedented contrast, and the large coherent flux of this source provided a probe for the fluctuation dynamics via the x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy technique. We find that the intensity and correlation lengths diverge with the expected three-dimensional Ising critical exponents, and the dynamical correlation function decays exponentially with correlation times as small as 250 mus. In the range of wave vector studied here (1.2-2.6x10(-3) Angstrom(-1)) the concentration fluctuations relaxed diffusively with a diffusion constant consistent with that determined from visible light scattering measurements. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dufresne, EM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Dufresne, Eric/0000-0002-2077-4754 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 061507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.061507 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 572FH UT WOS:000176762500043 PM 12188732 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Dielectric breakdown model at small eta: Pole dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; BRANCHED GROWTH; FLAME FRONTS; STABILITY; PROPAGATION AB We consider the dielectric breakdown model in the limit eta-->0(+). This is shown to lead to Sivashinsky's equation. We show that a particular configuration of poles is linearly stable, in analogy to the stability of the 1/2 finger for diffusion limited aggregation, and compute exactly the eigenvalues of the stability matrix. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hastings@cnls.lanl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 066121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.066121 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 572FM UT WOS:000176762900028 ER PT J AU Komineas, S Kalosakas, G Bishop, AR AF Komineas, S Kalosakas, G Bishop, AR TI Effects of intrinsic base-pair fluctuations on charge transport in DNA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; HOPPING MECHANISM; NONLINEAR MODEL; POLARON; DENATURATION; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; MOTION AB We investigate propagation of a charge carrier along intrinsically dynamically disordered double-stranded DNA. This is realized by the semiclassical coupling of the charge with a nonlinear lattice model that can accurately describe the statistical mechanics of the large amplitude fluctuations of the base pairs leading to the thermal denaturation transition of DNA. We find that the fluctuating intrinsic disorder can trap the charge and inhibit polaronic charge transport. The dependence of the mean distance covered by the charge carrier until its trapping, as a function of the energy of the fluctuations of the base pairs is also presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Inst Phys, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Komineas, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Komineas, Stavros/F-9468-2011; Kalosakas, George/L-6211-2013 OI Kalosakas, George/0000-0001-7763-718X NR 32 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 061905 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.061905 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 572FH UT WOS:000176762500068 PM 12188757 ER PT J AU Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Schwahn, D AF Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Schwahn, D TI Universal aspects of macromolecules in polymer blends, solutions, and supercritical mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYVINYL METHYL-ETHER); DEUTERATED POLYSTYRENE; DILUTE CONCENTRATION; TEMPERATURE; MISCIBILITY; OXIDE); COILS AB We demonstrate that macromolecules in miscible polymer blends may behave as good, Theta, and poor polymeric solvents for each other. We construct a conceptual phase diagram, delineating the range of validity of the random-phase approximation, outside of which polymers contract or expand beyond their unperturbed dimensions, contrary to common assumptions. Remarkably, the correlation length for polymer blends, solutions, and supercritical mixtures collapses onto a master curve, reflecting universal behavior for macromolecules in polymeric and small-molecule Theta solvents. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 061802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.061802 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 572FH UT WOS:000176762500062 PM 12188751 ER PT J AU Heifets, S Stupakov, G Krinsky, S AF Heifets, S Stupakov, G Krinsky, S TI Coherent synchrotron radiation instability in a bunch compressor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB The coherent synchrotron radiation of a bunch in a bunch compressor may lead to the microwave instability producing longitudinal modulation of the bunch with wavelengths small compared to the bunch length. It can also be a source of an undesirable emittance growth in the compressor. We derive and analyze the equation that describes linear evolution of the microwave modulation taking into account incoherent energy spread and finite emittance of the beam. Numerical solution of this equation for the Linac Coherent Light Source bunch compressor gives the amplification factor for different wavelengths of the beam microbunching. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Heifets, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 14 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6 AR 064401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.064401 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 581ZF UT WOS:000177324700011 ER PT J AU Ng, KY AF Ng, KY TI Continuous multiple injections at the Fermilab Main Injector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Instead of slip stacking, an alternate method of doubling the linear intensity of the Fermilab Main Injector is discussed. This method makes use of rf barriers to transfer 12 booster batches from the Fermilab Booster to the Main Injector in 12 consecutive booster cycles, totaling 800 ms. After that, adiabatic capture of the beam into 53 MHz buckets can be accomplished in about 10 ms. Because the beam is debunched during the injection process and no rf voltage is required, the beam loading voltages in the rf cavities are small and can be eliminated by a combination of counterphasing and mechanical shorts. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. RP Ng, KY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Mail Stop 220,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60540 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6 AR 061002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.061002 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 581ZF UT WOS:000177324700003 ER PT J AU Ostroumov, PN Kolomiets, AA Kashinsky, DA Minaev, SA Pershin, VI Tretyakova, TE Yaramishev, SG AF Ostroumov, PN Kolomiets, AA Kashinsky, DA Minaev, SA Pershin, VI Tretyakova, TE Yaramishev, SG TI Design of 57.5 MHz cw RFQ for medium energy heavy ion superconducting linac SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB The nuclear science community considers the construction of the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility as a top priority. The RIA includes a 1.4 GV superconducting linac for production of 400 kW cw heavy ion beams. The initial acceleration of heavy ions delivered from an electron cyclotron resonance ion source can be effectively performed by a 57.5 MHz 4-m long room temperature RFQ. The principal specifications of the RFQ are (i) formation of extremely low longitudinal emittance, (ii) stable operation over a wide range of voltage for acceleration of various ion species needed for RIA operation, and (iii) simultaneous acceleration of two-charge states of uranium ions. cw operation of an accelerating structure leads to a number of requirements for the resonators such as high shunt impedance, efficient water cooling of all parts of the resonant cavity, mechanical stability together with precise alignment, reliable rf contacts, a stable operating mode, and fine tuning of the resonant frequency during operation. To satisfy these requirements a new resonant structure has been developed. This paper discusses the beam dynamics and electrodynamics design of the RFQ cavity, as well as some aspects of the mechanical design of the low-frequency cw RFQ. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RP Ostroumov, PN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6 AR 060101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.060101 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 581ZF UT WOS:000177324700001 ER PT J AU Qiang, J Ryne, RD Garnett, RW AF Qiang, J Ryne, RD Garnett, RW TI Systematic comparison of position and time dependent macroparticle simulations in beam dynamics studies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE AB Macroparticle simulation plays an important role in modern accelerator design and operation. Most linear rf accelerators have been designed based on macroparticle simulations using longitudinal position as the independent variable. In this paper, we have done a systematic comparison between using longitudinal position as the independent variable and using time as the independent variable in macroparticle simulations. We have found that, for an rms-matched beam, the maximum relative moment difference for second, fourth moments and beam maximum amplitudes between these two types of simulations is 0.25% in a 10 m reference transport system with physical parameters similar to the Spallation Neutron Source linac design. The maximum z-to-t transform error in the space-charge force calculation of the position dependent simulation is about 0.1% in such a system. This might cause a several percent error in a complete simulation of a linac with a length of hundreds of meters. Furthermore, the error may be several times larger in simulations of mismatched beams. However, if such errors are acceptable to the linac designer, then one is justified in using position dependent macroparticle simulations in this type of linac design application. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Qiang, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6 AR 064201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.064201 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 581ZF UT WOS:000177324700009 ER PT J AU Tamura, F Tantawi, SG AF Tamura, F Tantawi, SG TI Development of high power X-band semiconductor microwave switch for pulse compression systems of future linear colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We describe concepts for high power semiconductor rf switches, designed to handle signals at X-band with power level near 100 MW. We describe an abstract design methodology and derive a general scaling law for these switches. We also present a design and experimental work of a switch operating at the TE01 mode in overmoded circular waveguides. The switch is composed of an array of tee junction elements that have a p-i-n diode array window in the third arm. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tamura, F (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. OI Tamura, Fumihiko/0000-0002-2585-2440 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD JUN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6 AR 062001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.062001 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 581ZF UT WOS:000177324700005 ER PT J AU Downs, RT Gibbs, GV Boisen, MB Rosso, KM AF Downs, RT Gibbs, GV Boisen, MB Rosso, KM TI A comparison of procrystal and ab initio model representations of the electron-density distributions of minerals SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS LA English DT Article DE electron density; procrystal; bond-critical points; pyroxene; feldspar; topology ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII; BONDED INTERACTIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; PROMOLECULE RADII; CALCIUM SILICATE; CHARGE-DENSITY; LOW ALBITE; MOLECULES; COORDINATION AB The procrystal calculation of the electron density is a very rapid procedure that offers a quick way to analyze various bonding properties of a crystal. This study explores the extent to which the positions, number, and properties of bond-critical points determined from the procrystal representations of the electron density for minerals are similar to those of first-principles ab initio model distributions. The purpose of the study is to determine the limits imposed upon interpretation of the procrystal electron density. Procrystal calculations of the electron density for more than 300 MO bonds in crystals were compared with those previously calculated using CRYSTAL98 and TOPOND software. For every bond-critical point found in the ab initio calculations, an equivalent one was also found in the procrystal model, with similar magnitudes of electron density, and at similar positions along the bonds. The curvatures of the electron densities obtained from the ab initio and the procrystal distributions are highly correlated. It is concluded that the procrystal distributions are capable of providing good estimates of the bonded radii of the atoms and the properties of the electron-density distributions at the bond-critical points. Because the procrystal model is so fast to compute, it is especially useful in addressing the question as to whether a pair of atoms is bonded or not. If the Bader criteria for bonding are accepted, then the successful generation of the bond-critical points by the procrystal model demonstrates that bonding is an atomic feature. The main difference between the critical-point properties of the procrystal and the ab initio model is that the curvature in the electron density perpendicular to the bond path of the ab initio model is sharper than for the procrystal model. This is interpreted as indicating that the electrons that migrate into a bond originate from its sides, and not from the regions closer to the nuclei. This observation also suggests that ab initio optimization routines could see an improvement in speed if the parameters relating to the angular components of atomic wave functions were to vary before the radial components. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Math, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Riley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Downs, RT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM downs@geo.arizona.edu NR 55 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-1791 J9 PHYS CHEM MINER JI Phys. Chem. Miner. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 369 EP 385 DI 10.1007/s00269-001-0236-0 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 575EP UT WOS:000176934000008 ER PT J AU Lontano, M Bulanov, SV Koga, J Passoni, M Tajima, T AF Lontano, M Bulanov, SV Koga, J Passoni, M Tajima, T TI A kinetic model for the one-dimensional electromagnetic solitons in an isothermal plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-POSITRON PLASMAS; BIG-BANG MODELS; PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; TRANSVERSE INSTABILITY; UNDERDENSE PLASMA; LASER-PULSES; BLACK-HOLE; EQUILIBRIA; ELEMENTS; WAVE AB Two nonlinear second order differential equations for the amplitude of the vector potential and for the electrostatic potential are derived, starting from the full Maxwell equations where the field sources are calculated by integrating in the momentum space the particle distribution function, which is an exact solution of the relativistic Vlasov equation. The resulting equations are exact in describing a hot one-dimensional plasma sustaining a relativistically intense, circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation. The case of standing soliton-like structures in an electron-positron plasma is then investigated. It is demonstrated that at ultrarelativistic temperatures extremely large amplitude solitons can be formed in a strongly overdense plasma. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 CNR, Ist Fis Plasma, I-20125 Milan, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Moscow, Russia. JAERI, Adv Photon Res Ctr, Kizu, Japan. Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lontano, M (reprint author), CNR, Ist Fis Plasma, I-20125 Milan, Italy. RI Passoni, Matteo/F-1192-2010; Bulanov, Sergei/A-1721-2013 OI Passoni, Matteo/0000-0002-7844-3691; NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2562 EP 2568 DI 10.1063/1.1476307 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 554PV UT WOS:000175745400017 ER PT J AU Yin, L Winske, D Gary, SP Birn, J AF Yin, L Winske, D Gary, SP Birn, J TI Hybrid and Hall-magnetohydrodynamics simulations of collisionless reconnection: Effect of the ion pressure tensor and particle Hall-magnetohydrodynamics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MAGNETOTAIL RECONNECTION; PLASMA SIMULATION; CURRENT SHEETS; FLUID MODEL; CHALLENGE; DYNAMICS; INSTABILITY; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB For two-dimensional reconnection in a thin Harris current sheet, fluid-ion dynamics from a Hall-magnetohydrodynamics (Hall-MHD) calculation using a scalar ion pressure are compared to the particle-ion dynamics obtained from a hybrid simulation and from test ions that are advanced in Hall-MHD fields. Skewed ion velocity distributions from the particle calculations are shown to produce off-diagonal elements of the ion pressure tensor. These comparisons demonstrate that the inclusion of off-diagonal terms in the ion pressure tensor is important to correctly model the ion out-of-plane momentum transport from the X point. It is shown that these effects can be modeled efficiently in Hall-MHD simulations in a predictor-corrector manner that uses particle ions to implement the ion gyro-radius corrections. By advancing test ions in the Hall-MHD fields at every time step, accumulating the ion pressure tensor onto the spatial grid, and adding its divergence to the ion momentum equation, this particle Hall-MHD simulation models well the ion out-of-plane momentum transport from the X point. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2575 EP 2584 DI 10.1063/1.1474424 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 554PV UT WOS:000175745400019 ER PT J AU Kolesnichenko, YI White, RB Yakovenko, YV AF Kolesnichenko, YI White, RB Yakovenko, YV TI Mechanisms of stochastic diffusion of energetic ions in spherical tori SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE ORBITS; MIRROR MACHINES; FISHBONE MODE; TOKAMAKS; MOTION; WIDTH AB Stochastic diffusion of the energetic ions in spherical tori is considered. The following issues are addressed: (i) Goldston-White-Boozer diffusion in a rippled field; (ii) cyclotron-resonance-induced diffusion caused by the ripple; (iii) effects of nonconservation of the magnetic moment in an axisymmetric field. It is found that the stochastic diffusion in spherical tori with a weak magnetic field has a number of peculiarities in comparison with conventional tokamaks; in particular, it is characterized by an increased role of mechanisms associated with nonconservation of the particle magnetic moment. It is concluded that in current experiments on National Spherical Torus eXperiment [M. Ono , Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] the stochastic diffusion does not have a considerable influence on the confinement of energetic ions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolesnichenko, YI (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, Prospekt Nauky 47, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Yakovenko, Yuriy/0000-0002-3499-5275 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2639 EP 2654 DI 10.1063/1.1475685 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 554PV UT WOS:000175745400026 ER PT J AU Seguin, FH Li, CK Frenje, JA Hicks, DG Green, KM Kurebayashi, S Petrasso, RD Soures, JM Meyerhofer, DD Glebov, VY Radha, PB Stoeckl, C Roberts, S Sorce, C Sangster, TC Cable, MD Fletcher, K Padalino, S AF Seguin, FH Li, CK Frenje, JA Hicks, DG Green, KM Kurebayashi, S Petrasso, RD Soures, JM Meyerhofer, DD Glebov, VY Radha, PB Stoeckl, C Roberts, S Sorce, C Sangster, TC Cable, MD Fletcher, K Padalino, S TI Using secondary-proton spectra to study the compression and symmetry of deuterium-filled capsules at OMEGA SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CONFINEMENT FUSION-TARGETS; PARTICLE STOPPING POWERS; DIRECT-DRIVE; LASER SYSTEM; RHO-R; IMPLOSIONS; PERFORMANCE; UNIFORMITY; DENSITY; PLASMAS AB With new measurement techniques, high-resolution spectrometry of secondary fusion protons has been used to study compression and symmetry of imploded D-2-filled capsules in direct-drive inertial-confinement-fusion experiments at the 60-beam OMEGA laser facility [T. R. Boehly , Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Data from target capsules with similar to15 atmospheres of D-2 fuel, in CH shells 19-27 mum thick, were acquired with a magnet-based, charged-particle spectrometer and with several new "wedge-range-filter"-based spectrometers incorporating special filters and CR39 nuclear track detectors. Capsules with 19-mum shells, imploded with similar laser energies (similar to23 kJ) but different methods of single-beam laser smoothing, were studied and found to show different compression characteristics as indicated by the fuel areal density (determined by the ratio of secondary-proton yield to primary-neutron yield) and the total areal density (determined by the energy loss of protons due to slowing in the fuel and shell). In going from 0.3-THz SSD (smoothing by spectral dispersion) to 1-THz SSD and PS (polarization smoothing), the fuel areal density increased by at least 30%, while the total areal density increased by 40% (from similar to52 to similar to72 mg/cm2). In addition, significant low-mode-number spatial asymmetries in implosions were indicated by spectra measured at different angles with respect to the target. The mean energies of protons, measured at different angles during the same shot, varied by as much as 1 MeV, implying angular variations in areal density of order 30 mg/cm(2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration that capsule symmetry can be sensitively studied by measuring the energy loss of charged particles. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Mech Engn & Phys, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Astron, Rochester, NY USA. RP Seguin, FH (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 29 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2725 EP 2737 DI 10.1063/1.1472502 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 554PV UT WOS:000175745400034 ER PT J AU Clark, DS Fisch, NJ AF Clark, DS Fisch, NJ TI Regime for a self-ionizing Raman laser amplifier SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION FRONT; PULSES; PLASMA; AMPLIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; GENERATION; SCATTERING; EXTREME; BEAMS; WAVE AB Backward Raman amplification and compression at high power might occur if a long pumping laser pulse is passed through a plasma to interact resonantly with a counter-propagating short seed pulse [V. M. Malkin , Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4448-4451 (1999)]. One critical issue, however, is that the pump may be unacceptably depleted due to spontaneous Raman backscatter from intrinsic fluctuations in the amplifying plasma medium prior to its useful interaction with the seed. Premature backscatter may be avoided, however, by employing a gaseous medium with pump intensities too low to ionize the medium and using the intense seed to produce the plasma by rapid photoionization as it is being amplified [V. M. Malkin , Phys. Plasmas 8, 4698-4699 (2001)]. In addition to allowing that only rather low power pumps be used, photoionization introduces a damping of the short pulse which must be overcome by the Raman growth rate for net amplification to occur. The parameter space of gas densities, laser wavelengths, and laser intensities is surveyed to identify favorable regimes for this effect. Output laser intensities of 2x10(17) W/cm(2) for 0.5 mum radiation are found to be feasible for such a scheme using a pump of 1x10(13) W/cm(2) and an initial seed of 5x10(14) W/cm(2) over an amplification length of 5.6 cm in hydrogen gas. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Clark, DS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dclark@pppl.gov; fisch@pppl.gov NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2772 EP 2780 DI 10.1063/1.1471515 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 554PV UT WOS:000175745400040 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI Edward Teller: friend and foe SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 6 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 567GX UT WOS:000176478000019 ER PT J AU Tranquada, J AF Tranquada, J TI A star role for stripes - New images of magnetic and charge order in copper-oxide compounds are providing important clues about the nature of high-temperature superconductors SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT News Item C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tranquada, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 6 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 567GX UT WOS:000176478000032 ER PT J AU Hogan, J De Michelis, C Monier-Garbet, P Corre, Y Guirlet, R AF Hogan, J De Michelis, C Monier-Garbet, P Corre, Y Guirlet, R TI Ergodic divertor effect on low-Z impurity transport for inner-wall limited plasmas in Tore Supra SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Divertor Concepts CY SEP 11-14, 2001 CL AIX PROVENCE, FRANCE SP IAEA ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; STOCHASTIC LAYER; TOKAMAK; GENERATION; SPECTROSCOPY; OPERATION; EMISSION; BEHAVIOR; REGION; CARBON AB Observations of systematic spatial modulation of low-Z impurity radiative emissions are analysed for Tore Supra ergodic diver-tor discharges limited on the inner wall. Sonic similarities to modulations previously observed with Marfe-like conditions are observed, but significant differences are also seen in the cases studied here. A simulation of the modulations is made, using the three-dimensional edge transport code BBQ. The simulations suggest that an important role is played by charge exchange with neutral deuterium, in addition to the ergodic divertor-induced modulations of the electron temperature. The interpretation highlights the important role of intemiediate-Z states in impurity transport processes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. CEA Cadarache, CEA Fus Controlee, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Hogan, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 6 BP 673 EP 687 AR PII S0741-3335(02)30038-1 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/6/305 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 578ET UT WOS:000177105000006 ER PT J AU Matthews, GF Erents, SK Corrigan, G Fundamenski, W Garcia-Cortes, I Mailloux, J Hidalgo, C Pedrosa, MA Pericoli, V Spence, J Silva, C Strachan, J AF Matthews, GF Erents, SK Corrigan, G Fundamenski, W Garcia-Cortes, I Mailloux, J Hidalgo, C Pedrosa, MA Pericoli, V Spence, J Silva, C Strachan, J CA EFDA JET Workprogramme TI The effect of CD4 puffing on the peripheral scrape-off layer in JET SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Divertor Concepts CY SEP 11-14, 2001 CL AIX PROVENCE, FRANCE SP IAEA ID TOKAMAK EDGE TURBULENCE; PLASMA EDGE; TJ-I; FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSPORT AB A connection has been found between puffing of CD4 at the outer mid-plane of JET and a rise in scrape-off layer (SOL) peripheral electron density. This observation led to the proposal that CD4 puffing might be used to improve lower hybrid coupling in optimized shear discharges. Results described elsewhere have demonstrated that this is indeed the case. The focus of this paper is on the causes of this peripheral density rise using two-dimensional fluid modelling and local measurements of turbulent transport in the JET SOL. C1 UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. CIEMAT, EURATOM, Lab Nacl Fus, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. ENEA Fus, EURATOM Assoc, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. EURATOM, IST, Ctr Fusao Nucl, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Matthews, GF (reprint author), UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RI Silva, Carlos/L-6490-2013; Garcia-Cortes, Isabel/H-3341-2015; Hidalgo, Carlos/H-6109-2015 OI Silva, Carlos/0000-0001-6348-0505; Garcia-Cortes, Isabel/0000-0002-5223-391X; NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 6 BP 689 EP 699 AR PII S0741-3335(02)30226-4 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/6/306 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 578ET UT WOS:000177105000007 ER PT J AU Rudakov, DL Boedo, JA Moyer, RA Krasheninnikov, S Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA McKee, GR Porter, GD Stangeby, PC Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG Antar, G AF Rudakov, DL Boedo, JA Moyer, RA Krasheninnikov, S Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA McKee, GR Porter, GD Stangeby, PC Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG Antar, G TI Fluctuation-driven transport in the DIII-D boundary SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Divertor Concepts CY SEP 11-14, 2001 CL AIX PROVENCE, FRANCE SP IAEA ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; INTERMITTENT CONVECTION; TOKAMAK; PLASMA; EDGE; TURBULENCE AB Cross-field fluctuation-driven transport is studied in edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak using a fast reciprocating Langmuir probe array allowing local measurements of the fluctuation-driven particle and heat fluxes. Two different non-diffusive mechanisms that can contribute strongly to the cross-field transport in the SOL of high-density discharges are identified and compared. The first of these involves intermittent transport events that are observed at the plasma separatrix and in the SOL. Intermittence has qualitatively similar character in L-mode and ELM-free H-mode. Low-amplitude ELMS observed in high-density H-mode produce in the SOL periods with cross-field transport enhanced to L-mode levels and featuring intermittent events similar to those in L-mode. The intermittent transport events are compatible with the concept of plasma filaments propagating across the SOL due to E x B drifts. The intermittent character of the transport in the SOL is also in agreement with predictions of the non-linear numerical simulations performed with an imposed driving flux. Another type of non-diffusive transport is often seen in high-density H-modes with prolonged ELM-free periods, where the transport near the separatrix is dominated by quasi-coherent modes driving particle and/or heat fluxes exceeding L-mode levels. These modes may play an important role by providing particle and/or heat exhaust between ELMs. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rudakov, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 27 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 6 BP 717 EP 731 AR PII S0741-3335(02)30021-6 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/6/308 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 578ET UT WOS:000177105000009 ER PT J AU Leonard, AW Groebner, RJ Mahdavi, MA Osborne, TH Fenstermacher, ME Lasnier, CJ Petrie, TW AF Leonard, AW Groebner, RJ Mahdavi, MA Osborne, TH Fenstermacher, ME Lasnier, CJ Petrie, TW TI ELM energy scaling in DIII-D SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Divertor Concepts CY SEP 11-14, 2001 CL AIX PROVENCE, FRANCE SP IAEA ID ASDEX-UPGRADE; DENSITY; FLUX AB The energy lost from the pedestal region due to an average ELM in DIII-D is determined from changes to the electron density and temperature profiles as measured by Thomson scattering. The ELM energy due to loss of temperature in the pedestal is associated with conduction and is found to decrease with increasing pedestal density. The ELM energy from lost pedestal density, or convective transport, remains constant as a function of density. The scaling of the two transport channels, conduction and convection, are examined in terms of parallel transport processes in the scrape-off-layer and divertor. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Leonard, AW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 13 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD JUN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 6 BP 945 EP 954 AR PII S0741-3335(02)30035-6 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 578ET UT WOS:000177105000022 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Vargas, E Medellin-Rodriguez, FJ Navarro-Rodriguez, D Avila-Orta, CA Solis-Rosales, SG Lin, JS AF Ramirez-Vargas, E Medellin-Rodriguez, FJ Navarro-Rodriguez, D Avila-Orta, CA Solis-Rosales, SG Lin, JS TI Morphological and mechanical properties of polypropylene [PP]/poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) [EVA] blends. II: Polypropylene-(ethylene-propylene) heterophasic copolymer [PP-EP]/EVA systems SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANGLE X-RAY; LAMELLAR 2-PHASE SYSTEMS; TRIPLE MELTING BEHAVIOR; SCATTERING; ETHYLENE; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Morphological characteristics and mechanical properties of PP-EP/EVA blends were studied and compared to those of PP/EVA previously reported. For the PP-EP/EVA blends, interfacial interactions in amorphous zones, which were associated with shifts in T-g, were well defined compared to those of PP/EVA blends, although the nature of crystalline zones was similar for both systems. At EVA concentrations up to 20%, the elongation at break and impact strength slightly increased in both systems. However, PP-EP/EVA displayed higher values of these properties compared with PP/EVA. At high EVA concentrations (above 20%), the indicated properties were enhanced in both polymeric systems, and the same proportional behavior was maintained. The decrease in tensile strength of PP-EP/EVA was not as marked as in PP/EVA with the addition of EVA, and it remained below PP/EVA at high EVA concentrations. The improvement in properties of PP-EP/EVA was attributed to favorable interactions between the ethylene groups contained in both copolymers. These interactions rendered a high degree of compatibility between the PP-EP and EVA components. C1 Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Saltillo 25100, Coahuila, Mexico. UASLP, FCQ, CIEP, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ramirez-Vargas, E (reprint author), Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25100, Coahuila, Mexico. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1350 EP 1358 DI 10.1002/pen.11036 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 570EM UT WOS:000176645900020 ER PT J AU Dieckman, L Gu, MY Stols, L Donnelly, MI Collart, FR AF Dieckman, L Gu, MY Stols, L Donnelly, MI Collart, FR TI High throughput methods for gene cloning and expression SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE protein expression; structural genomics; high throughput; ligation-independent cloning AB We outline a high throughput process for the production of bacterial expression clones using automated liquid handlers. The protocol consists of a series of interlinked methods representing liquid manipulations or incubations on various stations of the automation system. The methods employ the ligation-independent cloning approach that enables the simultaneous production of plasmids for different expression systems. The current cloning protocol spans 3 days with a linear throughput of 400 targets per production run. This automated approach enables the production of large numbers of bacterial expression clones and ultimately purified proteins. Although they were developed for structural genomics, these molecular protocols can also be applied in high throughput strategies such as those used for site-specific mutagenesis or protein interaction studies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Collart, FR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414-01] NR 10 TC 90 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1006/prep.2001.1602 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 569GG UT WOS:000176592400001 PM 12071692 ER PT J AU Stols, L Gu, MY Dieckman, L Raffen, R Collart, FR Donnelly, MI AF Stols, L Gu, MY Dieckman, L Raffen, R Collart, FR Donnelly, MI TI A new vector for high-throughput, ligation-independent cloning encoding a tobacco etch virus protease cleavage site SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE high throughput; structural genomics; ligation-independent cloning; TEV protease; affinity purification ID FUSION PROTEINS; EXPRESSION AB To establish high-throughput methods for protein crystallography, all aspects of the production and analysis of protein crystals must be accelerated. Automated, plate-based methods for cloning, expression, and evaluation of target proteins will help researchers investigate the vast numbers of proteins now available from sequenced genomes. Ligation-independent cloning (LIC) is well suited to robotic cloning and expression, but few LIC vectors are available commercially. We have developed a new LIC vector, pMCSG7, that incorporates the tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site into the leader sequence. This protease is highly specific and functions under a wide range of conditions. The new vector incorporates an N-terminal his-tag followed by the TEV protease recognition site and a SspI restriction site used for LIC. The vector functioned as expected, giving high cloning efficiencies and strong expression of proteins. Purification and cleavage of a target protein showed that the his-tag and the TEV cleavage site function properly. The protein was purified and cleaved under different conditions to simulate both plate-based screening methods and large-scale purifications for crystal production. The vector also includes a pair of adjacent, unique restriction sites that will allow insertion of additional modules between the his-tag and the cleavage site of the leader sequence to generate a family of vectors suitable for high-throughput production of proteins. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Donnelly, MI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414-01] NR 15 TC 279 Z9 298 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1006/prep.2001.1603 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 569GG UT WOS:000176592400002 PM 12071693 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Eisenberg, D AF Liu, Y Eisenberg, D TI 3D domain swapping: As domains continue to swap SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE functional unit; protein oligomerization; RNase A; IX/X-binding protein; glyoxalase I; T7 gene 4 ring helicase; human prion; human cystatin ID CELL-CYCLE CONTROL; HIV-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; HUMAN PRION PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN; SEMINAL RIBONUCLEASE; MONOMERIC PROTEIN; SELF-ASSOCIATION; BINDING-PROTEIN AB Three-dimensional (3D) domain swapping creates a bond between two or more protein molecules as they exchange their identical domains. Since the term '3D domain swapping' was first used to describe the dimeric structure of diphtheria toxin, the database of domain-swapped proteins has greatly expanded. Analyses of the now about 40 structurally characterized cases of domain-swapped proteins reveal that most swapped domains are at either the N or C terminus and that the swapped domains are diverse in their primary and secondary structures. In addition to tabulating domain-swapped proteins, we describe in detail several examples of 3D domain swapping which show the swapping of more than one domain in a protein, the structural evidence for 3D domain swapping in amyloid proteins, and the flexibility of hinge loops. We also discuss the physiological relevance of 3D domain swapping and a possible mechanism for 3D domain swapping. The present state of knowledge leads us to suggest that 3D domain swapping can occur under appropriate conditions in any protein with an unconstrained terminus. As domains continue to swap, this review attempts not only a summary of the known domain-swapped proteins, but also a framework for understanding future findings of 3D domain swapping. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Dept Chem & Biochem & Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), 201 Boyer Hall,POB 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu NR 105 TC 460 Z9 464 U1 9 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0961-8368 EI 1469-896X J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1299 DI 10.1110/ps.0201402 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 554VM UT WOS:000175757900001 PM 12021428 ER PT J AU Christendat, D Saridakis, V Kim, Y Kumar, PA Xu, XH Semesi, A Joachimiak, A Arrowsmith, CH Edwards, AM AF Christendat, D Saridakis, V Kim, Y Kumar, PA Xu, XH Semesi, A Joachimiak, A Arrowsmith, CH Edwards, AM TI The crystal structure of hypothetical protein MTH1491 from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hypothetical protein; structural proteomics; X-ray crystallography; structural biology ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; L-ASPARAGINASE; OXIDATION; SULFUR; GENES AB As part of our structural proteomics initiative, we have determined the crystal structure of MTH1491, a previously uncharacterized hypothetical protein from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. MTH1491 is one of numerous structural genomics targets selected in a genome-wide survey of uncharacterized proteins. It belongs to a family of proteins whose biological function is not known. The crystal structure of MTH1491, the first structure for this family of proteins, consists of an overall five-stranded parallel P-sheet with strand order 51234 and flanking helices. The oligomeric form of this molecule is a trimer as seen from both crystal contacts and gel filtration studies. Analysis revealed that the structure of MTH1491 is similar to that of dehydrogenases, amidohydrolases, and oxidoreductases. Using a combination of sequence and structural analyses, we showed that MTH1491 does not belong to either the dehydrogenase or the amidohydrolase superfamilies of proteins. C1 Univ Hlth Network, Clin Genomics Ctr, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Ontario Canc Inst, Div Mol & Struct Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Christendat, D (reprint author), Univ Hlth Network, Clin Genomics Ctr, 101 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414-01, P50 GM062414, P50 GM062414-01] NR 20 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1409 EP 1414 DI 10.1110/ps.4720102 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 554VM UT WOS:000175757900012 PM 12021439 ER PT J AU Pineda-Lucena, A Liao, J Wu, B Yee, A Cort, JR Kennedy, MA Edwards, AM Arrowsmith, CH AF Pineda-Lucena, A Liao, J Wu, B Yee, A Cort, JR Kennedy, MA Edwards, AM Arrowsmith, CH TI NMR structure of the hypothetical protein encoded by the YjbJ gene from Escherichia coli SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM; SEQUENCE C1 Ontario Canc Inst, Div Mol & Struct Biol, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Arrowsmith, CH (reprint author), Princess Margaret Hosp, Ontario Canc Inst, 610 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. RI Pineda-Lucena, Antonio/B-1320-2014; Hsing-Yen, Su/G-9552-2014 OI Pineda-Lucena, Antonio/0000-0002-6115-0868; NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 572 EP 574 DI 10.1002/prot.10120 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 557MB UT WOS:000175911400017 PM 12001238 ER PT J AU Brotherton, MS Grabelsky, M Canalizo, G van Breugel, W Filippenko, AV Croom, S Boyle, B Shanks, T AF Brotherton, MS Grabelsky, M Canalizo, G van Breugel, W Filippenko, AV Croom, S Boyle, B Shanks, T TI Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the poststarburst quasar UN J1025-0040: Evidence for recent star formation SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; STELLAR OBJECTS; HOST GALAXIES; MASS; SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINOSITY; IMAGES; SAMPLE AB We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Planetary Camera images of the poststarburst quasar UN J1025-0040, which contains both an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and a 400 Myr old nuclear starburst of similar bolometric luminosity (similar to10(11.6) L-circle dot). The F450W and F814W images resolve the AGN L from the starburst and show that the bulk of the starlight (similar to6 x 10(10) M-circle dot) is contained within a central radius of about 600 pc and lacks clear morphological structures at this scale. Equating the point-source light in each image with the AGN contribution, we determined the ratio of AGN-to-starburst light. This ratio is 69% in the red F814W image, consistent with our previous spectral analysis, but less than or equal to50% in the blue F450W image, whereas we had predicted 76%. The HST images are consistent with previous photometry, ruling out variability (a fading AGN) as a cause for this result. We can explain the new data if there is a previously unknown young stellar population present, 40 Myr or younger, with as much as 10% of the mass of the dominant 400 Myr old population. This younger starburst may represent the trigger for the current nuclear activity. The multiple starburst ages seen in UN J1025-0040 and its companion galaxy indicate a complex interaction and star formation history. C1 Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Brotherton, MS (reprint author), Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave,POB 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 114 IS 796 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1086/341690 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 551ZJ UT WOS:000175593600002 ER PT J AU Smith, D AF Smith, D TI How to develop a relationship with the national labs SO R&D MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Business Dev Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Smith, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Business Dev Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI OAK BROOK PA 2000 CLEARWATER DR, OAK BROOK, IL 60523-8809 USA SN 0746-9179 J9 R&D MAG JI R D Mag. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 6 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 565WR UT WOS:000176392900017 ER PT J AU Lepper, K AF Lepper, K TI A question of protocol SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Environm Dynam Grp, Luminescence Geochron Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lepper, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Environm Dynam Grp, Luminescence Geochron Lab, POB 1663 EES-10 MS J495 LA-UR-01-5774, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 169 EP 170 AR PII S1350-4487(02)00041-0 DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(02)00041-0 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 555NL UT WOS:000175800100001 ER PT J AU Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Sutherland, JC Laval, J AF Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Sutherland, JC Laval, J TI Clustered DNA damages induced by X rays in human cells SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLI ENDONUCLEASE-III; BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HUMAN APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE; APURINIC APYRIMIDINIC SITES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FREE-RADICALS AB Although DNA DSBs are known to be important in producing the damaging effects of ionizing radiation in cells, bi-stranded clustered DNA damages-two or more oxidized bases, abasic sites or strand breaks on opposing DNA strands within a few helical turns-are postulated to be difficult to repair and thus to be critical radiation-induced lesions. Gamma rays can induce clustered damages in DNA in solution, and high-energy iron ions produce DSBs and oxidized pyrimidine clusters in human cells, but it was not known whether sparsely ionizing radiation can produce clustered damages in mammalian cells. We show here that X rays induce abasic clusters, oxidized pyrimidine clusters, and oxidized purine clusters in DNA in human cells. Non-DSB clustered damages comprise about 70% of the complex lesions produced in cells. The relative levels of specific cluster classes depend on the environment of the DNA. (C) 2002 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Inst Gustave Roussy, Grp Reparat ADN, UMR 8532 CNRS, F-94805 Villejuif, France. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bms@bn1.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 86897] NR 42 TC 128 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 157 IS 6 BP 611 EP 616 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0611:CDDIBX]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558PH UT WOS:000175975400001 PM 12005538 ER PT J AU Kennel, SJ Mirzadeh, S Eckelman, WC Waldmann, TA Garmestani, K Yordanov, AT Stabin, MG Brechbiel, MW AF Kennel, SJ Mirzadeh, S Eckelman, WC Waldmann, TA Garmestani, K Yordanov, AT Stabin, MG Brechbiel, MW TI Vascular-targeted radioimmunotherapy with the alpha-particle emitter At-211 SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; HUMANIZED ANTI-TAC; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY; HISTOLOGIC ANALYSIS; TUMOR VASCULATURE; BLOOD-VESSELS; SOLID TUMORS; MICE; LUNG AB Astatine-211, an alpha-particle emitter, was employed in a model system for vascular-targeted radioimmunotherapy of small tumours in mouse lung to compare its performance relative to other radioisotopes in the same system. Astatine-211 was coupled to the lung blood vessel-targeting monoclonal antibody 201B with N-succinimidyl N-(4-[(211) At]astatophenethyl) succinamate linker. Biodistribution data showed that the conjugate delivered At-211 to the lung (260-418% ID/g), where it remained with a biological half-time of about 30 h. BALB/c mice bearing about 100 lung tumor colonies of EMT-6 cells, each about 2000 cells in size, were treated with At-211-labeled monoclonal antibody 201B. The administered activity of 185 kBq per animal extended the life span of treated mice over untreated controls. Injections of 370 kBq, corresponding to an absorbed dose of 25-40 Gy, were necessary to eradicate all of the lung tumors. Mice receiving 740 kBq of At-211-labeled monoclonal antibody 201B developed pulmonary fibrosis 3-4 months after treatment, as did mice treated with 3700 kBq of the alpha-particle emitter Bi-213-labeled monoclonal antibody 201B in previous work. Animals that were injected with At-211 bound to untargeted IgG or to glycine, as control agents, also demonstrated therapeutic effects relative to untreated controls. Control groups that received untargeted At-211 required about twice as much administered activity for effective therapy as did groups with lung-targeted radioisotope. These results were not consistent with radioisotope biodistribution and dosimetry calculations that indicated that lung-targeted At-211 should be at least 10-fold more efficient for lung colony therapy than At-211 bound to nontargeting controls. The data showed that At-211 is useful for vascular-targeted radioimmunotherapy because lung tumor colonies were eradicated in the mice. Work in this model system demonstrates that vascular targeting of alpha-particle emitters is an efficient therapy for small perivascular tumors and may be applicable to human disease when specific targeting agents are identified. (C) 2002 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NCI, Metab Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. NCI, Radiat Oncol Branch, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Kennel, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 4500S,Rm F150,MS 6101, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 5 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 157 IS 6 BP 633 EP 641 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0633:VTRWTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 558PH UT WOS:000175975400004 PM 12005541 ER PT J AU Hartmann, HM AF Hartmann, HM TI Evaluation of risk assessment guideline levels for the chemical warfare agents mustard, GB, and VX1 SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical warfare agent; risk assessment; mustard; GB; sarin; VX; guideline levels; AEGL; exposure time; breathing rate ID EXPOSURE AB The U.S. Army has estimated acute lethality guideline levels for inhalation of the chemical warfare agents mustard, GB, and VX. These levels are expressed as dosages measured in milligram-minutes per cubic meter (mg-min/m(3)). The National Advisory Council has also proposed acute emergency guideline levels (AEGLs) for the agents. The AEGLs are threshold exposure limits for the general public for mild effects, serious adverse effects, and lethality. They are expressed as air concentrations (in units of mg/m(3)) and are applicable to emergency exposure periods ranging from 10 min to 8 h. The report discusses strengths and deficiencies in the levels, important parameters (i.e., exposure time, breathing rate) that need to be explicitly addressed in deriving the guideline levels, and possible impacts that could result from using AEGLs instead of guideline dosages in future assessments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hartmann, HM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1006/rtph.2002.1547 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 590DU UT WOS:000177803300007 PM 12202050 ER PT J AU McConnell, RD AF McConnell, RD TI Assessment of the dye-sensitized solar cell SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID COST AB The field of solar electricity, or photovoltaics (PV), is rich in that there are many materials and concepts for converting sunlight into electricity. The technologies accepted as conventional are those well along in the process of commercialization. The dye-sensitized solar cell, developed in the 1990s, is a nonconventional solar electric technology that has attracted much attention, perhaps a result of its record cell efficiency above 10%. This paper reviews the technology, discusses new research results and approaches presented at a recent symposium of many of the world's important dye solar cell researchers, and presents an assessment of the dye-sensitized solar cell in a comparison with current conventional solar electric technologies. It concludes the dye solar cell has potential for becoming a cost-effective means for producing electricity, capable of competing with available solar electric technologies and, eventually, with today's conventional power technologies. But it is a relatively new technology and faces many hurdles on the path to commercialization. Because of its potential, this assessment recommends further funding for research and development (R&D) of the dye-sensitized solar cell technology on the basis of the promising technical characteristics of the technology, a strong US and worldwide research base, positive industry interest, and today's relatively small funding allocation for its RD. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McConnell, RD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, MS 3211,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 24 TC 74 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-0321 J9 RENEW SUST ENERG REV JI Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 6 IS 3 BP 273 EP 295 AR PII S1364-0321(01)00012-0 PG 23 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 584PH UT WOS:000177475700003 ER PT J AU Schaff, SD Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD AF Schaff, SD Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD TI Effects of pre-planting soaking on growth and survival of black willow cuttings SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant stress; riparian restoration; Salix nigra; soil moisture; streambank stabilization AB Black willow (Salix nigra ) uses periodic flood events for dispersal of vegetative propagules, subjecting them to periods of soaking before their deposition along the streambank. It was hypothesized that this life history trait results in optimal conditions for willow growth and survival. To test this hypothesis, a greenhouse experiment was conducted using 1.2-m-long black willow cuttings (posts) with a basal diameter of 5 cm. Cuttings were subjected to three soaking treatments (0, 3, and 10 days) and then grown under four soil moisture regimes (control, drought, permanently flooded, and intermittently flooded). Growth, biomass, and survival were recorded. Results showed that soaking posts for 10 days was most beneficial in the control soil moisture regime, enhancing root, shoot, leaf, and total biomass production. Shoot abundance and growth were also enhanced by 10 days of soaking in the control and permanently flooded moisture regimes. Finally, survival increased significantly in control and drought moisture regimes in response to the 10-day soaking treatment. Results clearly demonstrated that soaking had significant effects on willow post success when evaluated across all soil moisture regimes. Posts subjected to the 10-day soaking treatment consistently had greatest growth and biomass and displayed a doubling of the survival rate. Therefore, soaking willow cuttings before planting is a simple, inexpensive technique that may be used to bolster streambank restoration success. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Schaff, SD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.02035.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556CW UT WOS:000175832600010 ER PT J AU Volkov, VV Crew, DC Zhu, Y Lewis, LH AF Volkov, VV Crew, DC Zhu, Y Lewis, LH TI Magnetic field calibration of a transmission electron microscope using a permanent magnet material SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FE-B AB A new method of assessing the magnitude of the magnetic field in a transmission electron microscope using a permanent magnetic material is described. The approach is versatile and simple enough to be implemented for certain scientific or engineering situations in which the exact calibration of the magnetic field in the microscope column using a small Hall probe may be a problem. We have applied this approach to obtain the magnetic field calibration inside a JEM 3000F field emission electron microscope as a function of the objective lens potential. In the course of this in situ calibration it was not necessary to disassemble the microscope or interrupt its operation. The procedure used is versatile and accurate enough to measure magnetic fields up to 20 kOe (mu(0)H=2 T in SI units) as was confirmed by subsequent Hall-probe field measurement of the same electron microscope. The calibration method described in this article does not require any special Hall-probe holder adaptations and can be applied to any transmission electron microscope or similar instrument. To illustrate the utility of the technique and its results, quantitative analysis of magnetic domain images obtained with Lorentz microscopy during magnetic reversal of a sample subjected to an in situ magnetic field in the JEM3000F microscope is presented and discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkov, VV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Volkov, Vyacheslav/D-9786-2016 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2298 EP 2304 DI 10.1063/1.1472465 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 554PP UT WOS:000175744900012 ER PT J AU Yashchuk, VV Sushkov, AO Budker, D Lee, ER Lee, IT Perl, ML AF Yashchuk, VV Sushkov, AO Budker, D Lee, ER Lee, IT Perl, ML TI Production of dry powder clots using a piezoelectric drop generator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONAL ELECTRIC CHARGE; PARTICLE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COHERENT DARK RESONANCES; ELEMENTARY-PARTICLES; ATOMIC MAGNETOMETERS; DIPOLE MOMENT; SEARCH; GAS; RELAXATION; ROTATION AB We have demonstrated that piezoelectrically driven, squeeze mode, tubular reservoir liquid drop generation, originally developed as a "drop-on-demand" method for ejection of microdrops of liquids or suspensions, can successfully operate with dry powder. Spherical silver powder with maximum particle diameter of 20 mum was loaded into and ejected from a 100 mum orifice glass dropper with a flat piezoelectric disk driver. Time of flight experiments were performed to optimize the dropper operation and to determine the size and velocity of the ejected particles. It was found that at certain values of the amplitude, duration, and repetition rate of the voltage pulses applied to the piezoelectric disk, one can eject powder clots of a stable size, comparable with the dropper orifice diameter. In contrast to the operation with a liquid, a clot is not ejected at each pulse, but quasiperiodically with an interval corresponding to thousands of pulses. The application for injection of atoms into helium buffer gas at cryogenic temperatures is discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2331 EP 2335 DI 10.1063/1.1476716 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 554PP UT WOS:000175744900018 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Hamilton, WA Butler, PD Warr, GG AF Porcar, L Hamilton, WA Butler, PD Warr, GG TI A vapor barrier Couette shear cell for small angle neutron scattering measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LYOTROPIC LAMELLAR PHASE; CHLORIDE-HEXANOL-BRINE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; COMPLEX FLUIDS; SPONGE PHASE; APPARATUS; FLOW; TRANSFORMATIONS; TRANSITION AB We describe the design and operation of a temperature controlled Couette shear cell for small angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies of complex fluids under flow. This design incorporates a vapor barrier, which prevents sample evaporation to relatively high shear rates. This cell enables the investigation of systems which are highly sensitive to evaporation. Over the duration of a Couette SANS measurement composition phase transitions due to evaporation can be misinterpreted as true shear-induced transformations. We give a brief report of recent experiments performed on one such system: bicontinuous L-3 sponge phases for which the surfactant membrane constituents are Cetylpyridinium chloride and hexanol. These clearly demonstrate the limitations of previous designs and the utility of the vapor barrier in measurements of a predicted shear induced sponge to lamellar phase transition. Using this cell we also describe and test a simple and effective way to put SANS data taken in the tangential Couette configuration on an absolute scale. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Porcar, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2345 EP 2354 DI 10.1063/1.1475351 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 554PP UT WOS:000175744900020 ER PT J AU Espy, MA Matlashov, AN Kraus, RH Volegov, P Maharajh, K AF Espy, MA Matlashov, AN Kraus, RH Volegov, P Maharajh, K TI Experimental investigation of high temperature superconducting imaging surface magnetometry SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The behavior of high temperature superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) in the presence of high temperature superconducting surfaces has been investigated. When current sources are placed close to a superconducting imaging surface (SIS) an image current is produced due to the Meissner effect. When a SQUID magnetometer is placed near such a surface it will perform in a gradiometric fashion provided the SQUID and source distances to the SIS are much less than the size of the SIS. We present the first experimental verification of this effect for a high temperature SIS and SQUID. Results are presented for two SQUID-SIS configurations, using a 100-mm-diam YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) disk as the SIS. These results indicate that when the current source and sensor coil (SQUID) are close to the SIS, the behavior is that of a first-order gradiometer. The results are compared to analytic solutions as well as the theoretical predictions of a finite element model. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Espy, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2360 EP 2363 DI 10.1063/1.1480457 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 554PP UT WOS:000175744900022 ER PT J AU Helton, JC Davis, FJ AF Helton, JC Davis, FJ TI Illustration of sampling-based methods for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE Chi-square; common mean; common median; correlation coefficient; epistemic uncertainty; Kruskal-Wallis; Latin hypercube sampling; Monte Carlo; partial correlation coefficient; random sampling; rank transform; regression analysis; replicated sampling; scatter plot; sensitivity analysis; standardized regression coefficient; statistical independence; stepwise regression; subjective uncertainty; uncertainty analysis ID ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT; PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; RADIOACTIVE-WASTE DISPOSAL; IDENTIFY IMPORTANT FACTORS; LARGE-SCALE SIMULATIONS; MONTE-CARLO TECHNIQUES; GREENS-FUNCTION METHOD; NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS; MODEL OUTPUT AB A sequence of linear, monotonic, and nonmonotonic test problems is used to illustrate sampling-based uncertainty and sensitivity analysis procedures. Uncertainty results obtained with replicated random and Latin hypercube samples are compared, with the Latin hypercube samples tending to produce more stable results than the random samples. Sensitivity results obtained with the following procedures and/or measures are illustrated and compared: correlation coefficients (CCs), rank correlation coefficients (RCCs), common means (CMNs), common locations (CLs), common medians (CMDs), statistical independence (SI), standardized regression coefficients (SRCs), partial correlation coefficients (PCCs), standardized rank regression coefficients (SRRCs), partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCCs), stepwise regression analysis with raw and rank-transformed data, and examination of scatter plots. The effectiveness of a given procedure and/or measure depends on the characteristics of the individual test problems, with (1) linear measures (i.e., CCs. PCCs, SRCs) performing well on the linear test problems, (2) measures based on rank transforms (i.e.. RCCs, PRCCs, SRRCs) performing well on the monotonic test problems, and (3) measures predicated on searches for nonrandom patterns (i.e., CMNs, CLs, CMDs, SI) performing well on the nonmonotonic test problems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 6849, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Helton, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 6849, MS0779, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011 OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813 NR 150 TC 136 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 591 EP 622 DI 10.1111/0272-4332.00041 PG 32 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 568NE UT WOS:000176547800021 PM 12088236 ER PT J AU Trevisiol, C Ventura, A Baldas, V Tommasini, A Santon, D Martelossi, S Torre, G Berti, I Spano, A Crovella, S Amoroso, A Sblattero, D Marzari, R Bradbury, A Not, T AF Trevisiol, C Ventura, A Baldas, V Tommasini, A Santon, D Martelossi, S Torre, G Berti, I Spano, A Crovella, S Amoroso, A Sblattero, D Marzari, R Bradbury, A Not, T TI A reliable screening procedure for coeliac disease in clinical practice SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE anti-endomysium antibody; coeliac disease; human-recombinant anti-transglutaminase; antibodies; HLA DQ2 and DQ8 ID TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE ELISA; CELIAC-DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; ANTIBODIES; ANTIENDOMYSIUM; ASSAY; SENSITIVITY; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN AB Background: The main autoantigen recognized by the sera of patients with coeliac disease (CD) is tissue transglutaminase (tTG). A human-recombinant form of tTG was used to develop an ELISA to measure anti-tTG serum antibodies for the diagnosis of CD. Preliminary retrospective reports suggest that the human tTG-based ELISA could identify coeliac patients missed by the IgA-anti-endomysium antibody test (AEA). Whether the human recombinant tTG ELISA is sufficiently accurate to become the main diagnostic CD tool in everyday clinical practice is unknown. The objective was to determine, in a prospective study, the sensitivity and specificity of an ELISA test based on the use of human tTG compared with AEA, to analyse the discordant cases for HLA DQ2-8 and for clinical and intestinal biopsy characteristics. Methods: 1106 patients referred to a gastrointestinal outpatient clinic for symptoms attributable to CD, 52 first-degree relatives of CD patients and 200 healthy controls were tested for both anti-human tTG and AEA antibodies. Results: Out of 1158 subjects, 146 were tested positive for anti-tTG antibodies and 140 were biopsy-proven coeliacs. The AEA test identified 126/1158 coeliacs who also tested positive for anti-tTG antibodies. The 14 patients missed by the AEA test carried the typical HLA-DQ for CD; they had normal levels of total serum IgA and had milder pathology than those with both anti-tTG and AEA positivity (P < 0001). Conclusions: These results prove that human tTG-based ELISA is an excellent diagnostic tool for CD, for mass screening by both the specialist and the general clinic. C1 Univ Trieste, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Dept Reprod & Dev Sci, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Trieste, Dept Biol, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. RP Not, T (reprint author), Ist Infanzia Burlo Garofolo, Pediat Clin, Via Istrai 65-1, IT-34100 Trieste, Italy. RI Crovella, Sergio/K-5050-2016; OI Crovella, Sergio/0000-0001-8493-1168; Berti, Irene/0000-0001-6063-2737; amoroso, antonio/0000-0002-9437-9407; Ventura, Alessandro/0000-0002-4657-1760 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5521 J9 SCAND J GASTROENTERO JI Scand. J. Gastroenterol. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 679 EP 684 DI 10.1080/00365520212513 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 564EH UT WOS:000176301700011 PM 12126246 ER PT J AU Lambrakos, SG Milewski, JO AF Lambrakos, SG Milewski, JO TI Analysis of processes involving heat deposition using constrained optimisation SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS; FLOW AB Aspects are presented of a general approach based on constrained optimisation for the analysis of processes involving heat deposition, such as welding processes. The methodology of the present approach entails generating functions and subdomain elliptic solvers useful for the practical application of constrained optimisation for the calculation of thermal histories. T e emphasis in the present work is on the general properties associated with the methodology of this approach as these properties relate to its application. In addition, prototype weld analyses are presented that serve to demonstrate many of the details associated with the practical application of this methodology. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Met Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lambrakos, SG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Code 6324, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM samuel.lambrakos@nrl.navy.mil NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1179/136217102225002646 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 578AA UT WOS:000177094200002 ER PT J AU Palmer, TA Elmer, JW Wong, J AF Palmer, TA Elmer, JW Wong, J TI In situ observations of ferrite-austenite transformations in duplex stainless steel weldments using synchrotron radiation SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; PROCESS MODEL; FUSION WELDS; ARC WELDS; METAL; MACRO AB Ferrite (delta)-austenite (gamma) transformations in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of a gas tungsten arc weld in 2205 duplex stainless steel are observed in real time using spatially resolved X-ray diffraction (SRXRD) with high intensity synchrotron radiation. A map showing the locations of the delta and gamma phases with respect to the. calculated weld pool dimensions has been constructed from a series of SRXRD scans. Regions of liquid, completely transformed gamma, a combination of partially transformed gamma with untransformed delta, and untransformed gamma+delta are identified. Analysis of each SRXRD pattern provides a semiquantitative definition of both the delta/gamma phase balance and the extent Of annealing, which are mapped for the first time with respect to the calculated weld pool size and shape. A combination of these analyses provides a unique real time description of the progression of phase transformations in the HAZ. Results show that during heating, delta and gamma both show signs of annealing as temperatures approach 550degreesC. The delta phase then starts to transform to gamma as temperatures approach 700degreesC Although supported by thermodynamic calculations, this delta-->gamma transformation during heating has not been directly observed until now. Following this reaction, the HAZ microstructure evolves in three different ways. For peak temperatures less than approximately 1100degreesC, delta retransforms, reverting to its original base metal fraction on cooling. When peak temperatures exceed approximately 1375degreesC, the microstructure completely transforms to delta before retransforming to a mixture of delta and gamma during weld cooling. For peak temperatures between 1100 and 1375degreesC, gamma is only partially transformed during both heating and cooling. Using these real. time observations, important kinetic information about the transformations occurring in duplex stainless steels during both non-isothermal heating and cooling of welding can be determined. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Palmer, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1179/136217102225004194 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 578AA UT WOS:000177094200005 ER PT J AU Orlandic, R Lukaszuk, J Swietlik, C AF Orlandic, R Lukaszuk, J Swietlik, C TI The design of a retrieval technique for high-dimensional data on tertiary storage SO SIGMOD RECORD LA English DT Article DE scientific databases; access methods; data dimensionality; tertiary storage AB In high-energy physics experiments, large particle accelerators produce enormous quantities of data, measured in hundreds of terabytes or petabytes per year, which are deposited onto tertiary storage. The experiments are designed to study the collisions of fundamental particles, called "events", each of which is represented as a point in a multi-dimensional universe. In these environments, the best retrieval performance can be achieved only if the data is clustered on the tertiary storage by all searchable attributes of the events. Since the number of these attributes is high, the underlying data-management facility must be able to cope with extremely large volumes and very high dimensionalities of data at the same time. The proposed indexing technique is designed to facilitate both clustering and efficient retrieval of high-dimensional data on tertiary storage. The structure uses an original space-partitioning scheme, which has numerous advantages over other space-partitioning techniques. While the main objective of the design is to support high-energy physics experiments, the proposed solution is appropriate for many other scientific applications. C1 IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, DIS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM ratko@charlie.cns.iit.edu; lukajac@iit.edu; swietlik@dis.anl.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0163-5808 EI 1943-5835 J9 SIGMOD REC JI Sigmod Rec. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 560YC UT WOS:000176108100002 ER PT J AU Pourabbas, E Rafanelli, M AF Pourabbas, E Rafanelli, M TI A pictorial query language for querying geographic databases using positional and OLAP operators SO SIGMOD RECORD LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE; GIS AB The authors propose a declarative Pictorial Query Language (called PQL*) that is able to express queries on an Object-Oriented geographic database drawing the features which form the query. These features refer to the classic ones of a geographic environment (geo-null, geo-points, geo-polyline, and geo-region) and define the alphabet of the above mentioned language. This language, extended with respect to a previous one, considers twelve positional operators and a set of their specifications. Moreover, the possibility to use the mentioned language to query multidimensional databases is discussed. Finally, the characteristic of the mentioned language by a query example is shown. C1 CNR, Ist Anal Sistemi & Informat, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pourabbas@iasi.rm.cnr.it; rafanelli@iasi.rm.cnr.it NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0163-5808 EI 1943-5835 J9 SIGMOD REC JI Sigmod Rec. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 560YC UT WOS:000176108100003 ER PT J AU Baca, AG Monier, C Chang, PC Briggs, RD Armendariz, MG Pearton, SJ AF Baca, AG Monier, C Chang, PC Briggs, RD Armendariz, MG Pearton, SJ TI Orientation and dielectric overlayer effects in InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE GaAsHBT; heterojunction bipolar transistor; orientation; InGaP; dielectric stress; plasma damage ID RESONANCE; FILMS AB Emitter orientation effects in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) in which DC current gain was greater for the [0 1 1] emitter orientation compared to the [0 1 (1) over bar] orientation were previously attributed to the piezoelectric effect, however no effects of dielectric overlayers were examined. In this work, we establish that for InGaP/GaAs HBTs, dielectric passivation effects can be as important as the piezoelectric effect. Non-self-aligned InGaP/GaAs HBTs with ECR SiON dielectric deposited at 25 degreesC exhibited greater stress and showed less current gain difference and lower base current ideality factors for these orientations than identical HBTs that were passivated with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) SiN dielectric. Non-self-aligned HBTs with ECR SiON passivation also showed slightly better rf performance for the [0 1 1] orientation with f(t) of 48 GHz compared to ft of 44 GHz for the [0 11] orientation. These differences in dielectrics are attributed to higher dielectric-induced damage in emitter-base space-charge region for the PECVD SiN film. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Baca, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 6 BP 797 EP 801 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00005-9 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00005-9 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 555XD UT WOS:000175817800004 ER PT J AU Zhang, AP Dang, G Ren, F Han, J Monier, C Baca, AG Cao, XA Cho, H Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ AF Zhang, AP Dang, G Ren, F Han, J Monier, C Baca, AG Cao, XA Cho, H Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ TI GaN pnp bipolar junction transistors operated to 250 degrees C SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; bipolar junction transistor; high temperature; high power AB We report on the dc performance of GaN pup bipolar junction transistors. The structure was grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on c-plane sapphire substrates and mesas formed by low damage inductively coupled plasma etching with a Cl-2/Ar chemistry. The de characteristics were measured up to V-BC of 65 V in the common base mode and at temperatures up to 250 degreesC. Under all conditions, I-C-I-E, indicating higher emitter injection efficiency. The offset voltage was less than or equal to 2 V and the devices were operated up to power densities of 40 kW cm(-2). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, POB 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 6 BP 933 EP 936 AR PII S0038-1101(01)00279-9 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(01)00279-9 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 555XD UT WOS:000175817800021 ER PT J AU Gnanasekar, KI Cathrino, HA Jiang, JC Mrse, AA Nagasubrahmanian, G Doughty, DH Rambabu, B AF Gnanasekar, KI Cathrino, HA Jiang, JC Mrse, AA Nagasubrahmanian, G Doughty, DH Rambabu, B TI Nanocrystalline LiCo1-xNixO2 (0 <= x <= 0.3) for Li-ion batteries SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies (ICMAT2001) CY JUL 01-06, 2001 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP Mat Res Soc DE nanocrystalline LiCo(1-x)NixO(2) (0 <= x <= 0.3); soft chemical route; electron diffraction ID SOLID-SOLUTION AB Nanocrystalline LiCo1-xNixO2 (0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.3)-a promising cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries has been successfully prepared by a novel soft chemical route. Both the formation of the metal-glycine complex and subsequent decomposition of the same at low temperatures under carefully controlled oxygen flow play a critical role in the fori-nation of nanocrystalline material. The thermal history of the as-prepared gel is established by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEND confirm the formation of layered alpha-NaFeO2 structure at temperature as low as 330 degreesC. The exothermic combustion reaction of the organic precursors, which generates high temperature, should be avoided as it results in the spontaneous growth of large crystals. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigation reveals that the particle size of LiCo0.7Ni0.3O2 heated at 400 degreesC is in the range of 10-15 nm. Substitution of nickel retards the crystal growth. Solid state Li-6-Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR investigation reveals that the micro-structural short range ordering of nickel ions in LiCo1-xNixO2 (0less than or equal tox0.3) is minimum at lower processing temperatures. Li-6-MAS NMR studies show that considerable amount of short range ordering of nickel ions is observed when the calcination temperature is raised beyond 800 degreesC indicating that the upper limit for processing temperature is around 750 degreesC. These materials were fabricated into thin electrodes using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as polymer binder and the electrochemical properties such as charge/discharge and impedance were evaluated. The electrodes cycled well with a coulombic efficiency of close to one. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 So Univ, Dept Phys, Surface Sci & Solid State Ion Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. USA TACOM, Adv Power Sources Div, Warren, MI 48397 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Battery Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rambabu, B (reprint author), So Univ, Dept Phys, Surface Sci & Solid State Ion Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 309 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00066-8 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00066-8 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 565AK UT WOS:000176345600008 ER PT J AU Eberman, KW Wuensch, BJ Jorgensen, JD AF Eberman, KW Wuensch, BJ Jorgensen, JD TI Order-disorder transformations induced by composition and temperature change in (SczYb1-z)(2)Ti2O7 pyrochlores, prospective fuel cell materials SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies (ICMAT2001) CY JUL 01-06, 2001 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP Mat Res Soc DE fuel cell materials; oxygen fast-ion conductors; neutron Rietveld analysis; pyrochlore A-site solid solutions; anion and cation disorder AB The structures and site occupancies of Sc-Yb titanate solid solutions with the A(2)B(2)O(7) pyrochlore structure type were determined by Rietveld analysis of powder-diffraction profiles obtained from a pulsed neutron source. The results are the first in situ studies of order-disorder transformations in pyrochlore that are induced by temperature increase (25 < T < 1500 degreesC) and the first examination of the structural changes caused by substitution of a smaller cation in the eight-coordinated A(3+) Site. Solid solution was found to extend to z < 0.4. Decreases in the average value of the ionic radius RA and increase in the temperature (20 < T < 1500 degreesC) were found to cause mixing of the occupancy of the cation sites (anti-site defects) and partial occupancy of the normally vacant oxygen site (anion Frenkel defects). This behavior is analogous to the disorder previously shown to result from temperature increase or substitution of larger cations in the six-coordinated B site, which, as in the present compositions, serve to reduce the difference between the average value of R-A and R-B. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 3M Ctr, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Eberman, KW (reprint author), 3M Ctr, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. NR 7 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 521 EP 526 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00099-1 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00099-1 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 565AK UT WOS:000176345600040 ER PT J AU Finger, JT Jacobson, RD Champness, AT AF Finger, JT Jacobson, RD Champness, AT TI Development and testing of insulated drillpipe SO SPE DRILLING & COMPLETION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IADC/SPE Drilling Conference CY FEB 23-25, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP IADC, Soc Petr Engineers AB The Geothermal Research Dept, at Sandia Natl. Laboratories, in collaboration with Drill Cool Systems Inc., has worked to develop and test insulated drillpipe (IDP). IDP will allow much cooler drilling fluid to reach the bottom of the hole, making possible the use of downhole motors, electronics, and steering tools that are now useless in high-temperature formations. Other advantages of cooler fluid include reduced degradation of drilling fluid, longer bit life, and reduced corrosion rates. This article describes the theoretical background. laboratory testing, and field testing of IDP, including structural and thermal laboratory testing procedures and results. We also give results for a field test in a geothermal well in which circulating temperatures in IDP are compared with those in conventional drillpipe (CDP) at different flow rates. A brief description of the software used to model wellbore temperature and to calculate sensitivity in IDP design differences is included, along with a comparison of calculated and measured wellbore temperatures in the field test. There is also analysis of mixed (IDP and CDP) drillstrings and discussion of where IDP should be placed in a mixed string. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Drill Cool Syst Inc, Bakersfield, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1064-6671 J9 SPE DRILL COMPLETION JI SPE Drill. Complet. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA 570DD UT WOS:000176642500008 ER PT J AU Guyaguler, B Horne, RN Rogers, L Rosenzweig, JJ AF Guyaguler, B Horne, RN Rogers, L Rosenzweig, JJ TI Optimization of well placement in a Gulf of Mexico waterflooding project SO SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2000 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition CY OCT 01-04, 2000 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Soc Petr Engineers AB In this study, a hybrid optimization technique based on the genetic algorithm (GA), polytope algorithm, kriging algorithm, and neural networks is proposed to optimize a waterflooding project. Hybridization of the GA with these helper methods introduces hill climbing into the stochastic search and makes use of proxies created on the fly. It was observed that the number of simulations required was reduced significantly, as compared to conventional approaches. This reduction in the number of simulations reduced the computation time, enabling the use of full-scale simulation for optimization even for this full-scale field problem. It was also seen that the optimization technique was able to prevent convergence to local maxima owing to its stochastic nature. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. BP Plc, Houston, TX USA. RP Guyaguler, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1094-6470 J9 SPE RESERV EVAL ENG JI SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 568TD UT WOS:000176558700005 ER PT J AU Kim, SS Zhang, RG Braunstein, SE Joachimiak, A Cveki, A Hegde, RS AF Kim, SS Zhang, RG Braunstein, SE Joachimiak, A Cveki, A Hegde, RS TI Structure of the retinal determination protein Dachshund reveals a DNA binding motif SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE Dachshund; development; eye; winged helix; DNA binding; crystal structure ID TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR; EYE DEVELOPMENT; DROSOPHILA DACHSHUND; SKI ONCOPROTEIN; C-SKI; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; VERTEBRATE MUSCLE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ECTOPIC EYES; DOMAIN AB The Dachshund proteins are essential components of a regulatory network controlling cell fate determination. They have been implicated in eye, limb, brain, and muscle development. These proteins cannot be assigned to any recognizable structural or functional class based on amino acid sequence analysis. The 1.65 Angstrom crystal structure of the most conserved domain of human DACHSHUND is reported here. The protein forms an alpha/beta structure containing a DNA binding motif similar to that found in the winged helix/forkhead subgroup of the helix-turn-helix family. This unexpected finding alters the previously proposed molecular models for the role of Dachshund in the eye determination pathway. Furthermore, it provides a rational framework for future mechanistic analyses of the Dachshund proteins in several developmental contexts. C1 Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Div Dev Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. NYU, Med Ctr, Skirball Inst, Struct Biol Program, New York, NY 10016 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Visual Sci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hegde, RS (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Res Fdn, Div Dev Biol, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RI Cvekl, Ales/B-2427-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA66964]; NEI NIH HHS [EY12200] NR 51 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 6 BP 787 EP 795 AR PII S0969-2126(02)00769-4 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00769-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 562XD UT WOS:000176223500007 PM 12057194 ER PT J AU Chen, ZW Matsushita, K Yamashita, T Fujii, TA Toyama, H Adachi, O Bellamy, HD Mathews, FS AF Chen, ZW Matsushita, K Yamashita, T Fujii, TA Toyama, H Adachi, O Bellamy, HD Mathews, FS TI Structure at 1.9 angstrom resolution of a quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida HK5 SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE alcohol dehydrogenase; electron transfer; oxidation-reduction; pyrroloquinoline quinone; quinohemoprotein; x-ray crystallography ID QUINOPROTEIN METHANOL DEHYDROGENASE; DIRECT HYDRIDE TRANSFER; PYRROLOQUINOLINE QUINONE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; GLUCOSE-DEHYDROGENASE; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; METHYLOBACTERIUM-EXTORQUENS; CRESOL METHYLHYDROXYLASE; ETHANOL DEHYDROGENASE AB The type II quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas putida is a periplasmic enzyme that oxidizes substrate alcohols to the aldehyde and transfers electrons first to pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and then to an internal heme group. The 1.9 Angstrom resolution crystal structure reveals that the enzyme contains a large N-terminal eight-stranded beta propeller domain (similar to60 kDa) similar to methanol dehydrogenase and a small C-terminal c-type cytochrome domain (similar to10 kDa) similar to the cytochrome subunit of p-cresol methylhydoxylase. The PQQ is bound near the axis of the propeller domain about 14 Angstrom from the heme. A molecule of acetone, the product of the oxidation of isopropanol present during crystallization, appears to be bound in the active site cavity. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Yamaguchi Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Yamaguchi 7538515, Japan. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Mathews, FS (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM20530, GM31611] NR 54 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 6 BP 837 EP 849 AR PII S0969-2126(02)00774-8 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00774-8 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 562XD UT WOS:000176223500011 PM 12057198 ER PT J AU Li, M Ma, B Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Dorris, SE Venkataraman, K Balachandran, U AF Li, M Ma, B Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Dorris, SE Venkataraman, K Balachandran, U TI Growth and properties of YBCO thin films on polycrystalline Ag substrates by inclined substrate pulsed laser deposition SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; YBA2CU3O7-X FILMS; BUFFER LAYERS; ALIGNMENT; DENSITY; ALLOY AB Fully c-axis-oriented YBCO films were directly deposited on polycrystalline silver substrates by inclined substrate pulsed laser ablation. The orientation and microstructure of the YBCO films were characterized by x-ray diffraction 2theta-scans, Omega-scans and pole figure analysis. Surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Irregular-mosaic-shaped supergrains were observed in the films. Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the quality of the YBCO films. The superconducting transition temperature (T-c) and the critical current density (J(c)) of the films were determined by inductive and transport measurements, respectively. T, 91 K with sharp transition and J(c) = 2.7 x 10(5) A cm(-2) at 77 K in zero field were obtained on a film that was 0.14 mum thick, 5 mm wide and 10 mm long. This work demonstrated a promising approach to obtain high-J(c), YBCO films on nontextured polycrystalline silver substrate. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 6 BP 986 EP 990 AR PII S0953-2048(02)32587-9 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/15/6/326 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 565XQ UT WOS:000176395500028 ER PT J AU Bramblett, AL Boeckl, MS Hauch, KD Ratner, BD Sasaki, T Rogers, JW AF Bramblett, AL Boeckl, MS Hauch, KD Ratner, BD Sasaki, T Rogers, JW TI Determination of surface coverage for tetraphenylporphyrin monolayers using ultraviolet visible absorption and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE porphyrin; self-assembled monolayer; coverage; XPS; ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis) ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; IODINE-MODIFIED AU(111); GOLD SURFACE; PORPHYRIN; FILMS; MOLECULES; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; STM AB The surface coverage of thiolated tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives assembled on gold has been determined using ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy (UV/Vis) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy was used to calculate the surface concentration of porphyrin molecules through two independent approaches: the first measured the porphyrin concentration in solution after the displacement of a porphyrin monolayer from the gold surface; and the second directly exploited the absorptivity of the monolayers. Furthermore, we determined experimentally the extinction coefficients for the porphyrin monolayers and verified that the extinction coefficients are in agreement with a simple theoretical model that is frequently applied to porphyrin monolayers. Two separate models, both based on a uniform overlayer, were applied to the XPS data to determine the surface concentration of the porphyrin monolayers. Finally, for comparison of the UV/Vis and XPS results, a model of an ordered tetraphenylporphyrin arrangement on a surface was utilized to calculate coverage. The results of these two spectroscopic techniques differed by as much as a factor of 4, but they were generally comparable to those for related porphyrin systems. Determination of the surface coverage of monolayers is often challenging, thus the comparison of two independent experimental techniques allows for a more accurate estimation of monolayer coverage, and demonstrates the often unrealized potential to calculate the coverage of organic monolayers using XPS. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ratner, BD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Box 351750, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 42 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 33 IS 6 BP 506 EP 515 DI 10.1002/sia.1239 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 567JL UT WOS:000176481600008 ER PT J AU Zivieri, R Vavassori, P Giovannini, L Nizzoli, F Fullerton, EE Grimsditch, M AF Zivieri, R Vavassori, P Giovannini, L Nizzoli, F Fullerton, EE Grimsditch, M TI Stokes anti-Stokes peak intensity interchange across a first-order phase transition SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th European Conference on Surface Science CY SEP 04-07, 2001 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Fulbright Int Ctr Cent & Eastern Europe, Elsevier Sci, AVC Sp DE Green's function methods; light scattering; magnons; iron ID BRILLOUIN LIGHT-SCATTERING; MULTILAYERS; TRILAYERS; BILAYERS; FILMS AB We discuss the interchange of the acoustical peak intensity between the Stokes and the anti-Stokes side of Brillouin light scattering spectra in an asymmetric Fe(20Angstrom)/Cr(20Angstrom)/Fe(20Angstrom)/Cr(9Angstrom)/Fe(100Angstrom) ferromagnetic trilayer which takes place at a critical applied magnetic field H = 0.4 kOe. This sudden interchange is due to a first-order magnetic phase transition involving the outermost Fe layer static magnetization. It is shown that this effect is a consequence of a reversal of the sense of precession of dynamic magnetization in the outermost Fe layer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ferrara, INFM, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zivieri, R (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, INFM, Dipartimento Fis, Via Paradisco 12, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013; Vavassori, Paolo/B-4299-2014 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509; Vavassori, Paolo/0000-0002-4735-6640 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 507 BP 502 EP 506 AR PII S0039-6028(02)01293-1 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)01293-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 569CV UT WOS:000176583700090 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Logan, J Jayne, M Franceschi, D Wong, C Gatley, SJ Gifford, AN Ding, YS Pappas, N AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Logan, J Jayne, M Franceschi, D Wong, C Gatley, SJ Gifford, AN Ding, YS Pappas, N TI "Nonhedonic" food motivation in humans involves dopamine in the dorsal striatum and methylphenidate amplifies this effect SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE imaging; methylphenidate; nucleus accumbens; obesity; raclopride; D2 receptors ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; HUMAN-BRAIN; C-11 RACLOPRIDE; EXTRACELLULAR DOPAMINE; INCENTIVE SALIENCE; BINDING; RELEASE; REWARD; PET AB The drive for food is one of the most powerful of human and animal behaviors. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved with motivation and reward, its believed to regulate food intake in laboratory animals by modulating its rewarding effects through the nucleus accumbens (NA). Here we assess the involvement of dopamine in "nonhedonic" food motivation in humans. Changes in extracellular dopamine in striatum in response to nonhedonic food stimulation (display of food without consumption) were evaluated in 10 food-deprived subjects 16-20 h) using positron emission tomography (PET) and [C-11]raclopride (a D2 receptor radioligand that competes with endogenous dopamine for binding to the receptor). To amplify the dopamine changes we pretreated subjects with methylphenidate (20 mg p.o.), a drug that blocks dopamine transporters (mechanism for removal of extracellular dopamine). Although the food stimulation when preceded by placebo did not increase dopamine or the desire for food, the food stimulation when preceded by methylphenidate (20 mg p.o.) did. The increases in extracellular dopamine were significant in dorsal (P < 0.005) but not in ventral striatum (area that included NA) and were significantly correlated with the increases in self-reports of hunger and desire for food (P < 0.01). These results provide the first evidence that dopamine in the dorsal striatum is involved in food motivation in humans that is distinct from its role in regulating reward through the NA. In addition it demonstrates the ability of methylphenidate to amplify weak dopamine signals. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Logan, Jean/0000-0002-6993-9994 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA06278, DA09490-01] NR 36 TC 236 Z9 241 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1002/syn.10075 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540VZ UT WOS:000174952400008 PM 11954049 ER PT J AU Koomey, JG AF Koomey, JG TI Avoiding "The Big Mistake" in forecasting technology adoption SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material DE forecasting; technology adoption; policy analysis; analytical pitfalls ID ENERGY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div,End Use Forecasting G, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koomey, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div,End Use Forecasting G, Bldg 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0040-1625 J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 69 IS 5 BP 511 EP 518 AR PII S0040-1625(01)00153-6 DI 10.1016/S0040-1625(01)00153-6 PG 8 WC Business; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 580YG UT WOS:000177263900008 ER PT J AU Deshpande, A Narayanan, PK Lehnert, BE AF Deshpande, A Narayanan, PK Lehnert, BE TI Silica-induced generation of extracellular factor(s) increases reactive oxygen species in human bronchial epithelial cells SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE human bronchial epithelial cells; silica; reactive oxygen species; free radicals; extracellular factors ID CRYSTALLINE SILICA; ALPHA-PARTICLES; FREE-RADICALS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; RESPIRATORY BURST; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NAD(P)H OXIDASE AB Chronic inflammation and production of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved in silica-induced lung cancer. Studies to date have largely focused on silica-induced production of ROS by lung phagocytes. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that particulate silica (DQ12) can also induce elevations in intracellular ROS in a cancer-target cell type, i.e., human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), via an indirect mechanism that involves ROS-inducing extracellular factor(s) that occur upon the interaction of silica with culture medium. The intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in BECs was assessed by flow cytometry via monitoring dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence. Culture medium containing 10% human serum was incubated with silica particles in concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 mug/ml, and following incubation for 1 h and removal of the particles, the resulting supernatants were added to BECs. Silica-treated medium induced significant increases in intracellular H2O2 after the medium had been treated with as little as 10 mug/ml of the particles. Further, the level of ROS increases in BECs in response to silica-treated medium was found to be virtually identical to that induced in cells that were directly treated with silica in suspension. Based on enzyme inhibitory studies, the mechanism for this increased generation of intracellular ROS appears to involve both mitochondrial respiration and a NAD(P)H oxidase-like system. Spectrofluorimetric experiments with the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase showed that superoxide anions (O-2(radical anion)) and H2O2 are generated in silica-treated medium, but these ROS do not fully account for the induction of the intracellular ROS response. Iron, on the other hand, was found to be crucial to the process. Our collective results suggest silica-aqueous medium interactions can lead to the generation of factor(s) that induce the intracellular production of potentially DNA-damaging ROS in BECs in a manner that does not require direct particle-cell interactions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lehnert, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 82598]; NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR 01315] NR 54 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1093/toxsci/67.2.275 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 556MD UT WOS:000175852800015 PM 12011487 ER PT J AU Davenport, MP Zaunders, JJ Hazenberg, MD Schuitemaker, H van Rij, RP AF Davenport, MP Zaunders, JJ Hazenberg, MD Schuitemaker, H van Rij, RP TI Cell turnover and cell tropism in HIV-1 infection SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION; SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING PHENOTYPE; HUMAN LYMPHOID-TISSUE; HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTES; PRODUCTIVE INFECTION; CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; RAPID TURNOVER; EX-VIVO; CD4(+) AB Early infection with HIV-1 is dominated by CCR5-tropic (R5, non-syncytium-inducing) viruses. The evolution of CXCR4-tropic (X4, syncytium-inducing) viruses occurs later in the infection and is associated with rapid disease progression. Here, we propose that the tropism of X4 viruses for naive CD4(+) T cells is disadvantageous in early infection owing to the low division rate of these cells. In healthy individuals, the division rate of memory cells is nearly ten times higher than that of naive cells and thus the memory-cell tropism of R5 viruses could account for their dominance early in infection. As the division rate of naive T cells increases with CD4(+) depletion, X4 viruses come to dominate in late disease. C1 Univ New S Wales, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. St Vincents Hosp, Ctr Immunol, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Sanquin Res CLB & Landsteiner Lab, Dept Clin Viroimmunol, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Davenport, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zaunders, John/J-6553-2012; Van Rij, Ronald/I-7073-2012 OI Zaunders, John/0000-0002-5912-5989; Van Rij, Ronald/0000-0003-0221-4689 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 6 BP 275 EP 278 AR PII S0966-842X(02)02370-3 DI 10.1016/S0966-842X(02)02370-3 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 562AN UT WOS:000176175400013 PM 12088663 ER PT J AU Hyun, Y Neuman, SP Vesselinov, VV Illman, WA Tartakovsky, DM Di Federico, V AF Hyun, Y Neuman, SP Vesselinov, VV Illman, WA Tartakovsky, DM Di Federico, V TI Theoretical interpretation of a pronounced permeability scale effect in unsaturated fractured tuff SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE scaling; permeability; fractals; fractured rocks ID TRUNCATED POWER VARIOGRAMS; SLUG-TEST PARAMETERS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CURVE INTERPRETATION; RANDOM-FIELDS; PUMPING-TEST; MEDIA; DEPENDENCY; ARTIFACT AB [1] Numerous single-hole and cross-hole pneumatic injection tests have been conducted in unsaturated fractured tuff at the Apache Leap Research Site (ALRS) near Superior, Arizona. Single-hole tests have yielded values of air permeability at various locations throughout the tested rock volume on a nominal scale of similar to1 m. Cross-hole tests have yielded equivalent air permeabilities (and air-filled porosities) for a rock volume characterized by a length scale of several tens of meters. Cross-hole tests have also provided high-resolution tomographic estimates of how air permeability (and air-filled porosity), defined over grid blocks having a length scale of 1 m, vary throughout a similar rock volume. The results have revealed a highly pronounced scale effect in permeability (and porosity) at the ALRS. We examine the extent to which the permeability scale effect is amenable to interpretation by a recent stochastic scaling theory, which treats the rock as a truncated random fractal. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. RP Hyun, Y (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Di Federico, Vittorio/D-1970-2012; Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013; Vesselinov, Velimir/P-4724-2016 OI Di Federico, Vittorio/0000-0001-9554-0373; Vesselinov, Velimir/0000-0002-6222-0530 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 6 AR 1092 DI 10.1029/2001WR000658 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 609ZJ UT WOS:000178936000004 ER PT J AU Pan, LH Bodvarsson, GS AF Pan, LH Bodvarsson, GS TI Modeling transport in fractured porous media with the random-walk particle method: The transient activity range and the particle transfer probability SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE particle tracking; fractured media; particle transfer probability; activity range; dual continua; transport ID FLOW AB [1] Multiscale features of transport processes in fractured porous media make numerical modeling a difficult task, both in conceptualization and computation. Modeling the mass transfer through the fracture-matrix interface is one of the critical issues in the simulation of transport in a fractured porous medium. Because conventional dual-continuum-based numerical methods are unable to capture the transient features of the diffusion depth into the matrix (unless they assume a passive matrix medium), such methods will overestimate the transport of tracers through the fractures, especially for the cases with large fracture spacing, resulting in artificial early breakthroughs. We have developed a new method for calculating the particle transfer probability that can capture the transient features of diffusion depth into the matrix within the framework of the dual-continuum random-walk particle method by introducing a new concept of activity range of a particle within the matrix. Unlike the multiple-continuum approach, the new dual-continuum particle tracking method does not require using additional grid blocks to represent the matrix. It does not assume a passive matrix medium and can be applied to the cases where global water flow exists in both continua. The new method has been verified against analytical solutions for transport in the fracture-matrix systems with various fracture spacing. The calculations of the breakthrough curves of radionuclides from a potential repository to the water table in Yucca Mountain demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method for simulating three-dimensional, mountain-scale transport in a heterogeneous, fractured porous medium under variably saturated conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pan, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Mail Stop 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 6 AR 1080 DI 10.1029/2001WR000901 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 609ZJ UT WOS:000178936000016 ER PT J AU Spane, FA AF Spane, FA TI Considering barometric pressure in groundwater flow investigations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE barometric efficiency; barometric pressure; unconfined aquifer; confined aquifer; groundwater flow; hydraulic head ID WATER-LEVEL; UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; EARTH TIDES; WELL; FLUCTUATIONS; TESTS AB [1] Water level elevation measurements in wells are commonly used as a basis to delineate groundwater flow patterns (i.e., flow direction and hydraulic gradient). Barometric pressure fluctuations, however, can have a discernible impact on well water levels. These barometric effects may lead to erroneous indications of hydraulic head within the aquifer. Total hydraulic head within the aquifer, not well water level elevation, is the hydrologic parameter for determining groundwater flow direction and hydraulic gradient conditions. For low-gradient, unconfined aquifer sites exhibiting variable vadose zone characteristics (e.g., thickness, pneumatic diffusivity), barometric pressure fluctuations can cause temporal changes in lateral flow direction and flow velocity. Discrete water level measurements used to determine the average or long-term groundwater flow conditions, therefore, may provide nonrepresentative results. Calculation of the barometric response characteristics for individual wells provides the basis to account for the temporal effects of barometric pressure fluctuations from monitor well measurements, so that average, long-term groundwater flow pattern behavior can be determined. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Nat Resources Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Spane, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Nat Resources Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 6 AR 1078 DI 10.1029/2001WR000701 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 609ZJ UT WOS:000178936000018 ER PT J AU Jank, S Hanss, J Reddmann, H Amberger, HD Edelstein, NM AF Jank, S Hanss, J Reddmann, H Amberger, HD Edelstein, NM TI Electronic structures of highly symmetrical compounds of f elements. 34 - Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of biscyclohexylisocyanide adducts derived from the tris(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido)lanthanide(III) moiety as well as crystal, molecular, and electronic structure of the corresponding neodymium compound SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE rare-earth elements; crystal field analysis; molecular orbital scheme; crystal structures ID FIELD SPLITTING PATTERN; ORGANOMETAL COMPLEXES; = LA; LANTHANIDES; SIMULATION; PARAMETERS; ABSORPTION; STRENGTH; YB AB The reaction of tris(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido)lanthanide(III) (Ln(btmsa)(3)) with two equiv. of cyclohexylisocyanide gives good yields of complexes of composition Ln(btmsa)(3)(CNC6H11)(2) (Ln = Y(1), La(2), Ce(3), Pr(4), Nd(5), Sm(6), Eu(7), Tb(8), Dy(9), Ho(10), Tin(11) and Yb(12)). Complex 5 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 25.689(8) Angstrom, b = 12.165(2) Angstrom, c = 17.895(15) Angstrom, beta = 122.47 (2)degrees, V = 4718.07 Angstrom(3), Z = 4 and R = 0.0342. The structure of compound 5 shows the five-coordinate Nd3+ ion in a nearly exact trigonal bipyramidal environment with two CNC6H11 molecules in the axial and the three btmsa ligands in the equatorial positions. The linear dichroism spectrum of a single crystal of complex 5 was measured at room temperature, and the absorption spectrum of powdered material at low temperatures. From the spectra obtained a truncated crystal field (CF) splitting pattern is derived, and simulated by fitting the parameters of a phenomenological Hamiltonian. For 80 assignments a reduced r.m.s. deviation of 20.7 cm(-1) is achieved. Making use of the calculated wavefunctions and eigenvalues the experimentally determined temperature dependence of mu(eff)(2) could be reproduced by adopting an orbital reduction factor k = 0.991, and on the basis of the CF parameters used the experimentally oriented non-relativistic molecular orbital scheme of compound 5 is set up. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Anorgan & Angew Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amberger, HD (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Anorgan & Angew Chem, Martin Luther King Pl 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 628 IS 6 BP 1355 EP 1365 DI 10.1002/1521-3749(200206)628:6<1355::AID-ZAAC1355>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 568WQ UT WOS:000176568200017 ER PT J AU Gilboa, R Zharkov, DO Golan, G Fernandes, AS Gerchman, SE Matz, E Kycia, JH Grollman, AP Shoham, G AF Gilboa, R Zharkov, DO Golan, G Fernandes, AS Gerchman, SE Matz, E Kycia, JH Grollman, AP Shoham, G TI Structure of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase covalently complexed to DNA SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; ALDEHYDIC ABASIC SITES; COLI FPG PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BETA-ELIMINATION; MOLECULAR-REPLACEMENT; ENDONUCLEASE-VIII AB Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) is a DNA repair enzyme that excises oxidized purines from damaged DNA. The Schiff base intermediate formed during this reaction between Escherichia coli Fpg and DNA was trapped by reduction with sodium borohydride, and the structure of the resulting covalently cross-linked complex was determined at a 2.1-Angstrom resolution. Fpg is a bilobal protein with a wide, positively charged DNA-binding groove. It possesses a conserved zinc finger and a helix-two turn-helix motif that participate in DNA binding. The absolutely conserved residues Lys-56, His-70, Asn-168, and Arg-258 form hydrogen bonds to the phosphodiester backbone of DNA, which is sharply kinked at the lesion site. Residues Met-73, Arg-109, and Phe-110 are inserted into the DNA helix, filling the void created by nucleotide eversion. A deep hydrophobic pocket in the active site is positioned to accommodate an everted base. Structural analysis of the Fpg-DNA complex reveals essential features of damage recognition and the catalytic mechanism of Fpg. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Biol Chem Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Lab Struct Chem & Biol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Novosibirsk Inst Bioorgan Chem, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Grollman, AP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Biol Chem Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Zharkov, Dmitry/K-2158-2012 OI Zharkov, Dmitry/0000-0001-5013-0194 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47995, CA17395] NR 62 TC 167 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 22 BP 19811 EP 19816 DI 10.1074/jbc.M202058200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 557EH UT WOS:000175894800075 PM 11912217 ER PT J AU Wang, WR Cho, HS Kim, R Jancarik, J Yokota, H Nguyen, HH Grigoriev, IV Wemmer, DE Kim, SH AF Wang, WR Cho, HS Kim, R Jancarik, J Yokota, H Nguyen, HH Grigoriev, IV Wemmer, DE Kim, SH TI Structural characterization of the reaction pathway in phosphoserine phosphatase: Crystallographic "snapshots" of intermediate states SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phosphotransfer; phospho-monoester hydrolysis; phospho-aspartyl enzyme intermediate; phosphoserine phosphatase; associative mechanism; dissociative mechanism ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES; RESPONSE REGULATOR PROTEIN; RECEIVER DOMAIN; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-STATE; DXDX(T/V) MOTIF; NMDA RECEPTORS; CALCIUM-PUMP AB Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) is a member of a large class of enzymes that catalyze phosphoester hydrolysis using a phosphoaspartate-enzyme intermediate. PSP is a likely regulator of the steady-state D-serine level in the brain, which is a critical co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate type of glutamate receptors. Here, we present high-resolution (1.5-1.9 Angstrom) structures of PSP from Methanococcus jannaschii, which define the open state prior to substrate binding, the complex with phosphoserine substrate bound (with a D to N mutation in the active site), and the complex with AlF3, a transition-state analog for the phospho-transfer steps in the reaction. These structures, together with those described for the BeF3- complex (mimicking the phospho-enzyme) and the enzyme with phosphate product in the active site, provide a detailed structural picture of the full reaction cycle. The structure of the apostate indicates partial unfolding of the enzyme to allow substrate binding, with refolding in the presence of substrate to provide specificity. Interdomain and active-site conformational changes are identified. The structure with the transition state analog bound indicates a "tight" intermediate. A striking structure homology, with significant sequence conservation, among PSP, P-type ATPases and response regulators suggests that the knowledge of the PSP reaction mechanism from the structures determined will provide insights into the reaction mechanisms of the other enzymes in this family. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62163, P50 GM62412] NR 48 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 319 IS 2 BP 421 EP 431 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00324-8 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 562ZP UT WOS:000176229100015 PM 12051918 ER PT J AU Tilley, TD AF Tilley, TD TI Molecular design and synthesis of heterogeneous and single-site, supported catalysts SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Relations between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis CY JUL 02-06, 2001 CL LYON, FRANCE SP CNRS, Shell Chem, CPE, Boell, Reg Rhone Alpes, SIGMA ALDRICH, Clariant, IFP, Stream Chem Inc, Acros Organ, Conseil Gen Rhone DE molecular precursor; catalysis; heterogeneous; single-site; selective oxidation ID DENDRIMER-BASED XEROGELS; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; TITANIA-SILICA; SOL-GEL; METAL-OXIDES; THERMOLYTIC TRANSFORMATION; MULTICOMPONENT OXIDES; INORGANIC MATERIALS; ZIRCONIA CATALYSTS; MESOPOROUS SILICA AB This contribution describes a non-aqueous, molecular precursor approach to the preparation of mixed-element oxides, which allows a degree of molecular-level control over the nanostructure of the resulting materials. This approach, referred to as the thermolytic molecular precursor method, has been used to obtain highly dispersed mixed-element oxide materials. In some cases, this methodology provides heterogeneous catalysts which possess superior properties relative to catalysts with the same composition, but prepared by traditional aqueous methods. It has also been found that certain molecular precursors are useful for introduction of surface-bound catalytic species. With this method, multicomponent molecular precursors may be used to produce porous materials with nano-sized voids. This affords mixed-oxide materials with a homogeneous dispersion of metal atoms throughout the inorganic framework walls of a mesoporous material. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 74 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 182 IS 1 SI SI BP 17 EP 24 AR PII S1381-1169(01)00461-7 DI 10.1016/S1381-1169(01)00461-7 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 563RK UT WOS:000176269200003 ER PT J AU Skubal, LR Meshkov, NK Vogt, MC AF Skubal, LR Meshkov, NK Vogt, MC TI Detection and identification of gaseous organics using a TiO2 sensor SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Semiconductor Photochemistry (SP-1) CY JUL 23-25, 2001 CL UNIV STRATHCLYDE, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND HO UNIV STRATHCLYDE DE titanium dioxide; thick-film sensor; photocatalysis ID HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; CHEMICAL SENSOR; OXYGEN GAS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DEGRADATION; AIR; FILM; PHOTOOXIDATION; PHOTORESPONSE AB It is well established that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be mineralized to innocuous organic compounds when illuminated by ultraviolet (UV) light [J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 108 (1997) 1]. The focus of this research is the development of a TiO2-based microsensor that uses these photocatalytic reactions to identify specific gaseous organic compounds and allow operation at ambient temperatures. TiO2 microsensors are produced using thick-film lithographic methods and cermet materials. TiO2 and platinum films were deposited on an alumina substrate. Tests were conducted in a closed quartz glass cell at ambient temperatures and pressures. As the sensor was exposed to a variety of gaseous organic constituents in the presence of UV light, electrical characteristics of the sensor were measured. Individual gases including methylene chloride, ethanol. benzene, acetone, xylene and isopropanol produced unique signatures as they were oxidized on the sensor surface. Sensors were renewable and reusable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Skubal, LR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 148 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 103 EP 108 AR PII S1010-6030(02)00079-5 DI 10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00079-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 567RC UT WOS:000176497700016 ER PT J AU Skubal, LR Meshkov, NK AF Skubal, LR Meshkov, NK TI Reduction and removal of mercury from water using arginine-modified TiO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Semiconductor Photochemistry (SP-1) CY JUL 23-25, 2001 CL UNIV STRATHCLYDE, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND HO UNIV STRATHCLYDE DE titanium dioxides; mercury; reduction; photocatalysis ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; COLLOIDS; PHOTOCATALYSIS; PHOTOREDUCTION; ELIMINATION; HG(II); IONS AB The photocatalytic removal of mercury(II) ions from water was investigated using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (45 Angstrom in diameter) surface-modified with arginine (ARG). TiO2 sols were prepared by the controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride. ARG-modified TiO2 was placed in water and purged anoxically with an inert gas. Suspensions were spiked with elevated mercury concentrations (from mercuric chloride) and equilibrated for 10 min in darkness (with continuous stirring). Suspensions were either illuminated with 253.7 nm light or kept in darkness while mixing continuously. Samples were periodically withdrawn from the reactor via syringe and filtered anoxically. Precipitate collected on the filters was tested for elemental mercury; filtrate was analyzed for mercury using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed that in the absence of light, approximately 60% of initial mercury could be sorbed onto the ARG-modified TiO2 [ARG (L67 x 10(-3) M) TiO2 (5.00 x 10(-3) M)]. ARG-modified TiO2 removed greater than 99.9% of the initial mercury (150 ppm) present in solution within 128 min of illumination through sorption and reduction processes. This removal time was reduced to 32 min when methanol was added as a hole scavenger, These sorption and reduction processes were catalytic in nature, The presence of 30 ppm iron(Ill) greatly inhibits both the sorption and the reduction of mercury on ARG-modified TiO2. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Skubal, LR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 148 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 211 EP 214 AR PII S1010-6030(02)00045-X DI 10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00045-X PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 567RC UT WOS:000176497700030 ER PT J AU Skubal, LR Meshkov, NK Rajh, T Thurnauer, M AF Skubal, LR Meshkov, NK Rajh, T Thurnauer, M TI Cadmium removal from water using thiolactic acid-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Semiconductor Photochemistry (SP-1) CY JUL 23-25, 2001 CL UNIV STRATHCLYDE, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND HO UNIV STRATHCLYDE DE titanium dioxides; cadmium; reduction; photocatalysis ID PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION; SURFACE MODIFICATION; TIO2 COLLOIDS; METAL-IONS; XAFS AB This study investigated the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to remove aqueous cadmium from simulated wastewaters. Nanosized (45 A) colloids of anatase TiO2 were synthesized through the controlled hydrolysis of TiCl4 and their surfaces modified with the bidental chelating agent thiolactic acid (TLA), Colloids were introduced into 65 ppm cadmium-laden waters, and the suspensions were purged aerobically, anoxically with an inert gas, or by a sequential aerobic/anoxic purge. Suspensions were illuminated with 253,7 nm light. In each experiment, samples were taken from the reactor, filtered, and the filtrates analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy for residual cadmium. Results from the aerobic experiment,.,, exhibited minimal (approximately 10%) removal of the cadmium from solution and no reduction of the metal on either the modified or the unmodified colloid, Anoxic results were more promising, showing no cadmium reduction on the unmodified colloid but a 40% adsorption and reduction (from a +2 valence state to elemental cadmium as determined by methyl viologen tests) of cadmium on TLA-modified colloid in the presence of light. Results from the mixed atmospheric conditions fared the best and demonstrated that in the absence of light, approximately 20% of aqueous cadmium was sorbed to the modified colloid via a Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Upon illumination. greater than 90% of cadmium was removed by both adsorption and reduction processes onto the TLA-modified TiO2. These removal and reduction processes were catalytic in nature. Results from this Study are significant because to date, no other research in the literature has been able to accomplish cadmium removal and reduction using TiO2. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Skubal, LR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 148 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 393 EP 397 AR PII S1010-6030(02)00069-2 DI 10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00069-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 567RC UT WOS:000176497700051 ER PT J AU Kadau, K Germann, TC Lomdahl, PS Holian, BL AF Kadau, K Germann, TC Lomdahl, PS Holian, BL TI Microscopic view of structural phase transitions induced by shock waves SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; SCALE; IRON; TRANSFORMATION; COMPRESSION; FRICTION; SILICON; ALLOYS; METALS AB Multimillion-atom molecular-dynamics simulations are used to investigate the shock-induced phase transformation of solid iron. Above a critical shock strength, many small close-packed grains nucleate in the shock-compressed body-centered cubic crystal growing on a picosecond time scale to form larger, energetically favored grains. A split two-wave shock structure is observed immediately above this threshold, with an elastic precursor ahead of the lagging transformation wave. For even higher shock strengths, a single, overdriven wave is obtained. The dynamics and orientation of the developing close-packed grains depend on the shock strength and especially on the crystallographic shock direction. Orientational relations between the unshocked and shocked regions are similar to those found for the temperature-driven martensitic transformation in iron and its alloys. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kadau, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 280 Z9 292 U1 7 U2 72 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 5573 BP 1681 EP 1684 DI 10.1126/science.1070375 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 558PR UT WOS:000175976200056 PM 12040192 ER PT J AU Smith, CA Martinez, MA Veirs, DK Cremers, DA AF Smith, CA Martinez, MA Veirs, DK Cremers, DA TI Pu-239/Pu-240 isotope ratios determined using high resolution emission spectroscopy in a laser-induced plasma SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Pu; isotope ratio; emission spectroscopy ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; URANIUM; SPECTROMETRY; CCD AB Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied for the determination of plutonium isotope ratios through direct observation of atomic emission from laser-induced plasmas at high resolution. The Pu-239/Pu-240 isotope shift of -0.355 cm(-1) from the plutonium atomic line at 594.52202 nm (Blaise et al., The Atomic Spectrum of Plutonium, Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL-83-95, 1984) is clearly resolved in our plasma conditions. Atomic emission is dispersed through a 2-m spectrometer in double pass mode and collected on an electronically gated, intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera. The integrated peak areas obtained from curve-fitting closely match the Pu-239/Pu-240 isotopic ratios obtained from standard methods of thermal ionization mass spectrometry and gamma spectrometry. The observed plutonium linewidths were 0.19 cm(-1) (0.0067 nm). These linewidths are within the experimental error of the ideal instrument-limited linewidth, which is calculated to be 0.15 cm(-1) (0.0052 nm) based upon the known modulation transfer function for the ICCD system. This linewidth should allow LIBS to be applicable for isotopic ratio measurements for all of the light actinides. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop E530, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 57 IS 5 BP 929 EP 937 AR PII S0584-8547(02)00023-X DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00023-X PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 576XY UT WOS:000177033500010 ER PT J AU Hebner, GA AF Hebner, GA TI Spatially resolved CF, CF2, SiF and SiF2 densities in fluorocarbon containing inductively driven discharges SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Basis of Low Temperature Plasma Applications CY JUL 24-25, 2001 CL HAKONE, JAPAN DE plasma; inductive; laser; optical; fluorescence; fluorocarbon; discharge ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; NEGATIVE-ION DENSITIES; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; RADICAL DENSITIES; ETCHING PLASMAS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; REFERENCE CELL; C2F6; ELECTRON; C4F8 AB Laser-induced fluorescence was used to measure the spatially resolved CF, CF2, SiF and SiF2 radical densities in inductively driven discharges containing fluorocarbon gases while etching silicon. Measurements of the spatially resolved radical densities were performed in fluorocarbon containing gases such as C2F6, CHF3 and C4F8 as functions of the induction coil power, pressure and bias power above a silicon surface. Measurements of these four species provide information on parent gas dissociation products as well as etch products evolved from the surface. The spatial distributions of these radical species were quite different and did not follow all the optical emission. The spatial distribution of the CF density was peaked in the center of the plasma. The CF2 density had a local maximum in the center of the plasma. However, the CF2 density outside the glow region was a factor of 2-6 higher than the density inside the glow region, depending on the gas. The etch product SiF had a maximum at a radial distance of 2-3 cm from the center of the plasma, and then monotonically decreased towards the edge of the plasma region. While the peak density was a function of the plasma parameters, the general shape of the SiF spatial distribution was independent of the plasma conditions and gas. The SiF2 density had a maximum at a radial distance of approximately 7 cm from the center of the plasma. At this location, the SiF2 plasma-induced optical emission was approximately 10% of the value in the center of the discharge. The SiF2 spatial distribution was dependent on the induction coil power. The location of the peak in the SiF2 density did not depend on the plasma confinement structures or material. The scaling of the CF, CF2 and SiF densities in the center of the plasma with inductive power showed the importance of gas heating in determining the number density in the center of the plasma. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gahebne@sandia.gov NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 EI 1873-5584 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 192 IS 1-4 BP 161 EP 175 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00025-9 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00025-9 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 580NE UT WOS:000177240000009 ER PT J AU Chen, JB Angelici, RJ AF Chen, JB Angelici, RJ TI Unusual thiophene complexes from reactions of Cp*Ir(2,5-dimethylthiophene) with sources of W(CO)(5), Cr(CO)(4), MO(CO)(4), and Fe(CO)(3) SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE 2,5-dimethylthiophene; thiophene; iridium; chromium; molybdenum; tungsten; iron; crystal structures ID SULFUR BOND-CLEAVAGE; HOMOGENEOUS HYDRODESULFURIZATION; COORDINATION; MANGANESE; CP-STAR-IR(2,5-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE); 2,5-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE; IRIDATHIABENZENE; LIGAND; MODELS; RING AB The isomers, Cp*Ir(eta(4)-2,5-Me2T) (1) and Cp*Ir(C,S-2,5-Me2T) (2), where 2,5-Me2T is 2,5-dimethylthiophene, are observed to coordinate to metal carbonyl fragments in various ways when reacted with metal complexes W(CO)(5)(THF), Cr(CO)(4)(COD), Mo(CO)(4)(NBD) and Fe(CO)(3)(BDA), that contain readily displaceable ligands (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, NBD = norbornadiene, BDA = benzylidene acetone). In Cp*Ir(eta(4)-2,5-Me2T.M(CO)(5)), the M(CO)(5) unit (M = Cr, Mo, or W) is coordinated to the sulfur atom of 1. The iridathiabenzene ring of 2 coordinates to a M(CO)(3) moiety through all six atoms in [eta(6)-Cp*Ir(C,S-2,5-Me2T)]M(CO)(3), where M = Cr or Mo. The iridathiabenzene ring in the CO adduct of 2, Cp*Ir(C,S-2,5-Me2T)(CO), coordinates through the sulfur to W(CO); in 6, Cp*Ir[C,S-2,5-Me2T.W(CO)(5)](CO), and through five atoms (not the Ir) to Cr(CO)(3) in 14, Cp*Ir(C,S-2,5-Me2T.Cr(CO)(5))(CO). Structures of 6 and 14 are reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 334 BP 204 EP 212 AR PII S0020-1693(02)00857-5 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(02)00857-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 565KZ UT WOS:000176370500025 ER PT J AU Barthes, M Vik, AF Spire, A Bordallo, HN Eckert, J AF Barthes, M Vik, AF Spire, A Bordallo, HN Eckert, J TI Breathers or structural instability in solid L-alanine: A new IR and inelastic neutron scattering vibrational spectroscopic study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE L-ALANINE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; RAMAN-SPECTRA; ACETANILIDE; DYNAMICS AB Incoherent Inelastic Neutron Scattering data and new infrared spectra were acquired in order to examine both the external and internal vibrations in crystalline L-alanine. For the First time we observe a splitting of the NH(3+) torsional band below a temperature of approximately 220 K as well as an overtone of this band. The intensity of both of these bands is strongly dependent on temperature. Birefringence and depolarization measurements performed with single crystals reveal a subtle breaking of symmetry around 220 K perhaps involving the hydrogen bond networks. We show that this instability cannot, however, be the origin of the observed splitting. Instead, the anomalous temperature dependence of the observed intensity and frequency of the torsional mode and its overtone may be explained on the basis of a nonlinear coupling of the NH(3+) oscillator with lattice phonons. This leads to localization of vibrational energy, a so-called "breather" or "vibrational polaron". C1 Univ Montpellier 2, GDPC, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. Univ Montpellier 2, LPM, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Barthes, M (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, GDPC, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. RI Bordallo, Heloisa/I-6836-2012 OI Bordallo, Heloisa/0000-0003-0750-0553 NR 30 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 21 BP 5230 EP 5241 DI 10.1021/jp015615c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 556CH UT WOS:000175831400005 ER PT J AU Michael, JV Su, MC Sutherland, JW Carroll, JJ Wagner, AF AF Michael, JV Su, MC Sutherland, JW Carroll, JJ Wagner, AF TI Rate constants for H+O-2+M -> HO2+M in seven bath gases SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; COLLISION RATE CONSTANTS; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED MOLECULES; ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; FALL-OFF RANGE; O2 + M; AB-INITIO; HIGH-PRESSURE AB The third-order reaction, H + O-2 + M --> HO2 + M, has been measured near the low-pressure limit at room temperature for M = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, O-2, N-2, and H2O and over an extended range of temperatures in a shock tube for M = Ar, O-2, and N-2. In all cases, H atoms were produced by the laser photolysis of NH3 and detected by atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy. The measurements are consistent with the available experimental record and, in particular, confirm the exceptionally high recombination rate constant when M = H2O. The standard theoretical analysis is applied to this entire experimental record to derive the value of the average energy change per collision, -DeltaE(all). The resulting -DeltaE(all) values are sensible for all M but H2O. The problem with H2O motivates a change in the standard theoretical analysis that both rationalizes the behavior of H2O and also quantitatively changes the derived -DeltaEa(ll) values for the other species of M. These changes involve three modifications of the standard treatment: (1) explicit temperature dependence in the number of active rotational degrees of freedom contributing to the HO2* state density, (2) the replacement of Lennard-Jones potential for the HO2* + M interaction with an electrostatic + dispersion potential, and (3) the calculation of the collision rate between HO2* + M by a free rotor model for "complex formation" between the M and HO2*. The optimized values of -DeltaE(all) that are produced from this new analysis have the following characteristics: (1) the value of -Delta(all) is the same for all rare gases, and (2) -DeltaE(all) for di- and polyatomic molecules are enhanced relative to the rare gas atoms. This work supports the conclusions of previous trajectory studies that collision rates between activated complexes and bath gases are often underestimated while -DeltaE(all) derived from recombination kinetics measurements are often overestimated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, D-193,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 93 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 21 BP 5297 EP 5313 DI 10.1021/jp020229w PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 556CH UT WOS:000175831400012 ER PT J AU Argyle, MD Chen, KD Bell, AT Iglesia, E AF Argyle, MD Chen, KD Bell, AT Iglesia, E TI Ethane oxidative dehydrogenation pathways on vanadium oxide catalysts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE OXIDATION; ALKANES; PROPANE; MOLYBDENUM; KINETICS; OXYGEN AB Kinetic and isotopic tracer and exchange measurements were used to determine the identity and reversibility of elementary steps involved in ethane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) on VOx/Al2O3 and VOx/ZrO2. C2H6-C2D6-O-2 and C2H6-D2O-O-2 react to form alkenes and COx without concurrent formation of C2H6-xDx or C2H4-xDx isotopomers, suggesting that C-H bond cleavage in ethane and ethene is an irreversible and kinetically relevant step in ODH and combustion reactions. Primary ethane ODH reactions show normal kinetic isotopic effects (k(C-H)/k(C-D) = 2.4); similar values were measured for ethane and ethene combustion (1.9 and 2.8, respectively). O-16-O-18(2)-C2H6 reactions on supported (VOx)-O-16 domains led to the initial appearance of O-16 from the lattice in H2O, CO, and CO2, consistent with the involvement of lattice oxygen in C-H bond activation steps. Isotopic contents are similar in H2O, CO, and CO2, suggesting that ODH and combustion reactions use similar lattice oxygen sites. No (OO)-O-16-O-18 isotopomers were detected during reactions of O-16(2)-O-18(2)-C2H6 mixtures, as expected if dissociative O-2 chemisorption steps were irreversible. The alkyl species formed in these steps desorb irreversibly as ethene and the resulting O-H groups recombine to form H2O and reduced V centers in reversible desorption steps. These reduced V centers reoxidize by irreversible dissociative chemisorption of O-2. A pseudo-steady state analysis of these elementary steps together with these reversibility assumptions led to a rate expression that accurately describes the observed inhibition of ODH rates by water and the measured kinetic dependence of ODH rates on C2H6 and O-2 pressures. This kinetic analysis suggests that surface oxygen, OH groups, and oxygen vacancies are the most abundant reactive intermediates during ethane ODH on active VOx domains. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Argyle, Morris/A-8702-2009; Argyle, Morris/D-4952-2013; Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017; OI Argyle, Morris/0000-0001-9430-9145; Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 20 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 9 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 21 BP 5421 EP 5427 DI 10.1021/jp0144552 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 556CJ UT WOS:000175831500016 ER PT J AU Striolo, A Ward, J Prausnitz, JM Parak, WJ Zanchet, D Gerion, D Milliron, D Alivisatos, AP AF Striolo, A Ward, J Prausnitz, JM Parak, WJ Zanchet, D Gerion, D Milliron, D Alivisatos, AP TI Molecular weight, osmotic second virial coefficient, and extinction coefficient of colloidal CdSe nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB Membrane osmometry is used to measure osmotic pressures of dilute solutions containing quasispherical CdSe nanocrystals covered with polymer brushes in toluene in the range 31-45 degreesC. Osmotic-pressure data, as a function of nanocrystal concentration, yield the molecular weight and the osmotic second virial coefficient of the nanocrystals; the latter is related to the potential of mean force between two nanocrystal particles in dilute solution. Coupled with molecular-weight data, extinction coefficients and oscillator strengths are also obtained for nanocrystals of various sizes in toluene, CdSe nanocrystal sizes were obtained either from transmission electron microscopy or from correlations between the wavelength of the absorbing peak and nanocrystal size.Osmotic-pressure data are reduced with a simple perturbed-hard-sphere equation of state; the perturbation is due to long-range (London dispersion) attraction and a short-range interaction potential. The only adjustable parameter, the strength of this short-range potential, shows two-body repulsion or attraction, depending on the sample and on solution conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Striolo, Alberto/G-2926-2011; Zanchet, Daniela/D-6566-2012; Parak, Wolfgang J./M-3998-2014; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Zanchet, Daniela/0000-0003-1475-2548; Parak, Wolfgang J./0000-0003-1672-6650; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 23 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 21 BP 5500 EP 5505 DI 10.1021/jp020170t PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 556CJ UT WOS:000175831500026 ER PT J AU Evans, WC Sorey, ML Cook, AC Kennedy, BM Shuster, DL Colvard, EM White, LD Huebner, MA AF Evans, WC Sorey, ML Cook, AC Kennedy, BM Shuster, DL Colvard, EM White, LD Huebner, MA TI Tracing and quantifying magmatic carbon discharge in cold groundwaters: lessons learned from Mammoth Mountain, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcanoes; groundwater; magmatic gas; carbon dioxide ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; REGIONAL AQUIFERS; FURNAS VOLCANO; CO2 EMISSION; NOBLE-GASES; SAO-MIGUEL; TREE-KILL; CALIFORNIA AB A major campaign to quantify the magmatic carbon discharge in cold groundwaters around Mammoth Mountain volcano in eastern California was carried out from 1996 to 1999. The total water flow from all sampled cold springs was greater than or equal to1.8 X 10(7) m(3)/yr draining an area that receives an estimated 2.5 X 10(7) m(3)/yr of recharge, suggesting that sample coverage of the groundwater system was essentially complete. Some of the waters contain magmatic helium with He-3/He-4 ratios as high as 4.5 times the atmospheric ratio, and a magmatic component in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) can be identified in virtually every feature sampled. Many waters have a C-14 of 0-5 pmC, a delta(13)C near -5parts per thousand, and contain high concentrations (20-50 mmol/1) Of CO2(aq); but are otherwise dilute (specific conductance = 100-300 muS/cm) with low pH values between 5 and 6. Such waters have previously escaped notice at Mammoth Mountain, and possibly at many other volcanoes, because CO, is rapidly lost to the air as the water flows away from the springs, leaving neutral pH waters containing only 1-3 mmol/l HCO3-. The total discharge of magmatic carbon in the cold groundwater system at Mammoth Mountain is similar to20000 t/yr (as CO2), ranging seasonally from about 30 to 90 t/day. Several types of evidence show that this high discharge of magmatic DIC arose in part because of shallow dike intrusion in 1989, but also demonstrate that a long-term discharge possibly half this magnitude (similar to10000 t/yr) predated that intrusion. To sustain a 10000 t/yr DIC discharge would require a magma intrusion rate of 0.057 km(3) per century, assuming complete degassing of magma with 0.65 wt% CO2 and a density of 2.7 t/m(3). The geochemical data also identify a small (<1 t/day) discharge of magmatic DIC that can be traced to the Inyo Domes area north of Mammoth Mountain and outside the associated Long Valley caldera. This research, along with recent studies at Lassen Peak and other western USA volcanoes, suggests that the amount of magmatic carbon in cold groundwaters is important to constraining rates of intrusion and edifice weathering at individual volcanoes and may even represent a significant fraction of the global carbon discharge from volcanoes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Evans, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Shuster, David/A-4838-2011; Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 51 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 114 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 312 AR PII S0377-0273(01)00268-2 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00268-2 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 568DW UT WOS:000176528000003 ER PT J AU Visconti, P Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Yun, F Cingolani, R Smith, DJ Jasinski, J Swider, W Liliental-Weber, Z Morkoc, H AF Visconti, P Huang, D Reshchikov, MA Yun, F Cingolani, R Smith, DJ Jasinski, J Swider, W Liliental-Weber, Z Morkoc, H TI Investigation of defects and surface polarity in GaN using hot wet etching together with microscopy and diffraction techniques SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE atomic force microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; molecular beam epitaxy ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; PHASE-EPITAXY; DISLOCATION DENSITIES; SAPPHIRE; FILMS; NITRIDE; PITS AB The availability of reliable and quick methods to determine defect density and polarity in GaN films is of great interest. Photo-electrochemical (PEC) and hot wet etching using both H3PO4 and molten KOH have been used to estimate the defect density in GaN by producing at the surface defect sites freestanding whiskers and hexagonal pits, respectively. Using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), we found the whisker density to be similar to etch pit density for samples etched under precise conditions. Additionally, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed dislocation densities obtained by etching which increased our confidence in the consistency of methods used. Hot wet etching was used also to investigate the polarity of GaN films together with Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) and AFM imaging. We found that hot H3PO4 etches N-polar GaN films very quickly resulting in the complete removal or drastic change of surface morphology. On the contrary, the acid attacks only defect sites in Ga-polar films producing pits but leaving the defect-free GaN intact and the morphology unchanged. Additionally, the polarity assignments were related to the as-grown morphology and to the growth conditions. We have found that the GaN films grown on high temperature AlN and GaN buffer layers on sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) show Ga and N-polarity, respectively. However, the polarity of GaN films grown on low temperature AlN or GaN buffer layers depends critically on the growth conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Lecce, Dept Innovat Engn, INFM, NNL, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Studio Nuovi Mat Elettron, CNR, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Visconti, P (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RI Cingolani, Roberto/B-9191-2011; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; VISCONTI, PAOLO/L-7214-2015 OI VISCONTI, PAOLO/0000-0002-4058-4042 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAY 30 PY 2002 VL 93 IS 1-3 BP 229 EP 233 AR PII S0921-5107(02)00011-9 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00011-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 560NY UT WOS:000176089200048 ER PT J AU Wilder, JW Smith, DH AF Wilder, JW Smith, DH TI Dependencies of clathrate hydrate dissociation fugacities on the inverse temperature and inverse pore radius SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MEDIA AB Presented are simple explicit relations for the equilibrium fugacity of single-component (single-guest) gas hydrates as a function of temperature. It is shown how relations of the form ln f = alpha + beta/T can be derived starting with a standard statistical-thermodynamic model based on the van der Waals-Platteeuw equation. In addition to this demonstration of the validity of empirical relations that have been previously presented in the literature for bulk hydrates, explicit relations of the form In f = alpha + beta/T + delta/rT (where r is the pore radius) are derived for hydrate formation in porous media. The validity of these explicit relations is established for both structure I and structure II hydrates involving hydrocarbons that have negligible water solubilities by comparison of predictions for bulk hydrates with experimental data. In addition to their ease of use, these relations explicitly show the role played by the standard model parameters in the prediction of hydrate equilibrium conditions. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Wilder, JW (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM wilder@math.wvu.edu; dsmith@netl.doe.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAY 29 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2819 EP 2825 DI 10.1021/ie0109354 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 555YL UT WOS:000175820600028 ER PT J AU Sapochak, LS Benincasa, FE Schofield, RS Baker, JL Riccio, KKC Fogarty, D Kohlmann, H Ferris, KF Burrows, PE AF Sapochak, LS Benincasa, FE Schofield, RS Baker, JL Riccio, KKC Fogarty, D Kohlmann, H Ferris, KF Burrows, PE TI Electroluminescent zinc(II) bis(8-hydroxyquinoline): Structural effects on electronic states and device performance SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; THIN-FILMS; BASIS-SETS; COMPLEXES; ALUMINUM; ALQ(3); DIODES AB We present direct evidence for stable oligomers in vacuum-deposited thin films of zinc(II) bis-(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Znq(2)). The tetramer [(Znq(2))(4)] is the energetically favored configuration in both the single crystal and the vacuum-deposited thin film. Oligomerization leads to distinct, symmetry-driven differences between the electronic states in Znq(2) and those in the archetypal organic electroluminescent molecule tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq(3)). In the case of the Znq(2) tetramer, symmetry leads to an extended network of overlapping pyridyl and phenolato moieties in the solid film. Analysis of the electronic structure of (Znq(2))(4) calculated by ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) methods reveals a localization and energy shift of high-lying occupied and low-lying unoccupied states on symmetry related ligands located on opposite sides of the supramolecular structure resulting in a dipole moment for (Znq(2))(4) tetramer close to zero. The optimal pi-overlap pathways, altered charge distributions, and extended electronic states of tetrameric Znq(2) may be expected to enable low operating voltage organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on Znq(2). We present preliminary evidence that the operating voltage of (Znq(2))(4)-based OLEDs is indeed lower than that of identical devices made with Alq(3). Strategic substitution of 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands and control of the structural symmetry of the corresponding metal chelates may offer a route to high efficiency and low operating voltage small molecule OLEDs. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sapochak, LS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RI Kohlmann, Holger/C-6244-2009; OI Riccio, Krystal/0000-0001-9703-3084 NR 35 TC 193 Z9 205 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 29 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 21 BP 6119 EP 6125 AR UNSP JA0201909 DI 10.1021/ja0201909 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 555ER UT WOS:000175781600037 PM 12022846 ER PT J AU Choi, CH Gordon, MS AF Choi, CH Gordon, MS TI Cycloaddition reactions of acrylonitrile on the Si(100)-2 x 1 surface SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; DEGENERATE PERTURBATION-THEORY; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; SI(001) SURFACE; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; AB-INITIO; SILICON(001) SURFACE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB Multi-reference as well as single-reference quantum mechanical methods were adopted to study the potential energy surface along three possible surface reaction mechanisms of acrylonitrile on the Si(100)-2x1 surface. All three reactions occur via stepwise radical mechanisms. According to the computed potential energy surfaces, both [4+2] and [2+2](CN) cycloaddition products resulting from the reactions of surface dinners with the Cequivalent toN of acrylonitrile are expected, due to the negligible activation barriers at the surface. Another possible surface product, [2+2](CC), requires a 16.7 kcal/mol activation energy barrier. The large barrier makes this route much less favorable kinetically, even though this route produces the thermodynamically most stable products. Isomerization reactions among the surface products are very unlikely due to the predicted large activation barriers preventing thermal redistributions of the surface products. As a result, the distribution of the final surface products is kinetically controlled leading to a reinterpretation of recent experiments, An intermediate Lewis acid-base type complex appears in both the [4+2] and [2+2](CN) cycloadditions entrance channels, indicating that the surface may act as an electrophile/Lewis acid toward a strong Lewis base substrate. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Choi, CH (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. NR 51 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 29 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 21 BP 6162 EP 6167 AR UNSP JA020147L DI 10.1021/ja020147l PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 555ER UT WOS:000175781600042 PM 12022851 ER PT J AU Lee, SK George, SD Antholine, WE Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF Lee, SK George, SD Antholine, WE Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI Nature of the intermediate formed in the reduction of O-2 to H2O at the trinuclear copper cluster active site in native laccase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RHUS-VERNICIFERA LACCASE; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; PARAMAGNETIC-RES SPECTRA; ASCORBATE OXIDASE; MULTICOPPER OXIDASES; SPECTROSCOPIC DEFINITION; HUMAN CERULOPLASMIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB The multicopper oxidases contain at least four copper atoms and catalyze the four-electron reduction of O-2 to H2O at a trinuclear copper cluster. An intermediate, termed native intermediate, has been trapped by a rapid freeze-quench technique from Rhus vernicifera laccase when the fully reduced form reacts with dioxygen. This intermediate had been described as an oxygen-radical bound to the trinuclear copper cluster with one Cu site reduced, XAS, however, shows that all copper atoms are oxidized in this intermediate. A combination of EXAFS, multifrequency EPR, and VTVH MCD has been used to understand how this fully oxidized trinuclear Cu cluster relates to the fully oxidized resting form of the enzyme. It is determined that in the native intermediate all copper atoms of the cluster are bridged by the product of full 02 reduction. In contrast, the resting form has one copper atom of the cluster (the T2 Cu) magnetically isolated from the others. The native intermediate decays to the resting oxidized form with a rate that is too slow to be in the catalytic cycle. Thus, the native intermediate appears to be the catalytically relevant fully oxidized form of the enzyme, and its role in catalysis is considered. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Biophys Res Inst, Natl Biomed ESR Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Solomon, EI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK31450] NR 74 TC 189 Z9 198 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 29 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 21 BP 6180 EP 6193 AR UNSP JA0114052 DI 10.1021/ja0114052 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 555ER UT WOS:000175781600044 PM 12022853 ER PT J AU Brown, JH Gupta, VK Li, BL Milne, BT Restrepo, C West, GB AF Brown, JH Gupta, VK Li, BL Milne, BT Restrepo, C West, GB TI The fractal nature of nature: power laws, ecological complexity and biodiversity SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; ecology; fractal; power law; scaling; self-similarity ID STATISTICAL SELF-SIMILARITY; OPTIMAL CHANNEL NETWORKS; RIVER NETWORKS; SPECIES RICHNESS; VASCULAR PLANTS; GENERAL-MODEL; SCALING LAWS; PATTERNS; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS AB Underlying the diversity of life and the complexity of ecology is order that reflects the operation of fundamental physical and biological processes. Power laws describe empirical scaling relationships that are emergent quantitative features of biodiversity. These features are patterns of structure or dynamics that are self-similar or fractal-like over many orders of magnitude. Power laws allow extrapolation and prediction over a wide range of scales. Some appear to be universal, occurring in virtually all taxa of organisms and types of environments. They offer clues to underlying mechanisms that powerfully constrain biodiversity. We describe recent progress and future prospects for understanding the mechanisms that generate these power laws, and for explaining the diversity of species and complexity of ecosystems in terms of fundamental principles of physical and biological science. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jhbrown@unm.edu NR 79 TC 186 Z9 195 U1 3 U2 54 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 29 PY 2002 VL 357 IS 1421 BP 619 EP 626 DI 10.1098/rstb.2001.0993 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 557JG UT WOS:000175905000002 PM 12079523 ER PT J AU Tiede, DM Zhang, RT Seifert, S AF Tiede, DM Zhang, RT Seifert, S TI Protein conformations explored by difference high-angle solution x-ray scattering: Oxidation state and temperature dependent changes in cytochrome C SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOW-RESOLUTION STRUCTURE; EGG-WHITE LYSOZYME; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SHAPE DETERMINATION; GENETIC ALGORITHM; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION AB We demonstrate the use of high-angle X-ray scattering to explore protein conformational states in solution by resolving oxidation state- and temperature-dependent changes in the conformation of horse heart cytochrome c. Several detailed models exist for oxidation-dependent changes in mitochondrial class 1 c cytochromes determined by X-ray crystallography and solution NMR techniques. These models differ in the magnitude and locations of structural change. Our scattering measurements show that high-angle X-ray scattering can discriminate between these models, and that the experimental scattering data for horse cytochrome c can be best reconciled with selected NMR models for the same protein. These results demonstrate the ability to use high-angle X-ray scattering to resolve conformational states of proteins in solution, and to relate these measurements to detailed structural models. Furthermore, temperature-dependent changes are found in the high angle scattering patterns for horse cytochrome c, illustrating the sensitivity of these measurements to dynamic aspects of protein structure. These results demonstrate the ability to use difference high angle scattering as a quantitative monitor of reaction-linked changes in protein conformation and structural dynamics. Synchrotron-based high-angle scattering holds promise as a widely applicable, high throughput technique for exploring conformational states linked to physiological protein function, for resolving configurational differences between protein structures in solution and crystalline states, and for bridging the gap between solution NMR and crystallographic structure techniques. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tiede, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tiede@anl.gov NR 52 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 28 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 21 BP 6605 EP 6614 DI 10.1021/bi015931h PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 555QA UT WOS:000175803700005 PM 12022864 ER PT J AU Gasaneo, G Macek, JH AF Gasaneo, G Macek, JH TI Hyperspherical adiabatic eigenvalues for zero-range potentials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING LENGTH; EXCITED-STATES; HELIUM TRIMER; LOW-ENERGY; RECOMBINATION; COLLISIONS; THRESHOLD; ATOMS; SYSTEM AB The scattering length a associated with two-body interactions is the relevant parameter for near threshold processes in cold atom-atom collisions. For this reason zero-range potentials are traditionally used to model collective behaviour of dilute collections of bosons. The model is also used to compute three-body recombination rates, where it gives an a(4) law. In this paper we examine the applicability of the zero-range model to real physical systems. Hyperspherical adiabatic potentials obtained from the zero-range model are compared with published potentials based on realistic two-body interactions. From these comparisons it is possible to determine the regions where the model applies. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Nacl Sur, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gasaneo, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 10 BP 2239 EP 2250 AR PII S0953-4075(02)32296-X DI 10.1088/0953-4075/35/10/304 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 560GZ UT WOS:000176075500009 ER PT J AU Doelsch, E Rose, J Masion, A Bottero, JY Nahon, D Bertsch, PM AF Doelsch, E Rose, J Masion, A Bottero, JY Nahon, D Bertsch, PM TI Hydrolysis of iron(II) chloride under anoxic conditions and influence of SiO4 ligands SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CONTAINING AQUEOUS-MEDIA; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; GREEN RUST; OXIDATION; MECHANISMS; LEPIDOCROCITE; FERRIHYDRITE; SCATTERING; SPECIATION AB This study describes the evolution of the nanoscale aqueous ferrous species as a function of the hydrolysis ratio and the influence of SiO4 ligands. Samples were synthesized under anoxic conditions and studied by EXAFS at the Fe K-edge. At low hydrolysis ratio (R = [OH-](added)/[Fe(II)](initial) = 0.1), the data are consistent with the formation of a planar Fe cluster with five Fe(II) octahedra. Although Si neighbors cannot be detected unequivocally by Fe K-edge EXAFS, they affect the condensation of ferrous species by hindering the linkages between Fe(II) octahedra. Indeed, at low hydrolysis ratio (R = 0.1) and Si/Fe = 1, only small sized Fe clusters such as planar Fe(II) trimers are formed. Moreover, this study clearly indicates that the polymerization of Fe(II) is more affected by the presence of SiO4 than in the case of Fe(III). C1 Univ Aix Marseille 3, CNRS, UMR 6635, CEREGE,Interfaces Physicochem Grp, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, AACES, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Rose, J (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 3, CNRS, UMR 6635, CEREGE,Interfaces Physicochem Grp, Europole Mediterraneen Arbois,BP 80, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. RI doelsch, emmanuel/C-1404-2008 OI doelsch, emmanuel/0000-0002-7478-4296 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 28 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 11 BP 4292 EP 4299 DI 10.1021/la011605r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 555PC UT WOS:000175801600019 ER PT J AU Schollmeyer, H Ocko, B Riegler, H AF Schollmeyer, H Ocko, B Riegler, H TI Surface freezing of triacontane at SiOx/air interfaces: Submonolayer coverage SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LIQUID NORMAL-ALKANES; N-ALKANES; THIN-FILM; CRYSTALLIZATION; PHASE; TRANSITION; MONOLAYERS; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS AB The topology and molecular ordering of submonolayer triacontane films at SiOx/air interfaces has been investigated near the bulk melting temperature. Island regions, about an extended monolayer thicker than the neighboring regions, are observed by surface force microscopy and these regions continue to exist above the bulk melting transition. X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence angle diffraction confirm the surface freezing behavior of the alkanes. The melting temperature of the solid monolayer regions seems to coincide with the wetting transition temperature observed in samples with higher coverage. The diffraction data also reveal that the triacontane in the monolayer regions exhibits long-range order at temperatures above the bulk melting temperature, consistent with a rotator phase. C1 Max Planck Inst Kolloid & Grenzflachenforsch, D-14476 Golm Potsdam, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Riegler, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kolloid & Grenzflachenforsch, Muhlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm Potsdam, Germany. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 28 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 11 BP 4351 EP 4355 DI 10.1021/la011620w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 555PC UT WOS:000175801600027 ER PT J AU Shafirovich, V Lymar, SV AF Shafirovich, V Lymar, SV TI Nitroxyl and its anion in aqueous solutions: Spin states, protic equilibria, and reactivities toward oxygen and nitric oxide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; NO; HNO; PEROXONITRITE; PEROXYNITRITE; MECHANISMS; SYNTHASE; ION; O2 AB The thermodynamic properties of aqueous nitroxyl (HNO) and its anion (NO-) have been revised to show that the ground state of NO- is triplet and that HNO in its singlet ground state has much lower acidity, pKa((HNO)-H-1/(NO-)-N-3) approximate to 11.4, than previously believed. These conclusions are in accord with the observed large differences between (HNO)-H-1 and (NO-)-N-3 in their reactivities toward O-2 and NO. Laser flash photolysis was used to generate (HNO)-H-1 and (NO-)-N-3 by photochemical cleavage of trioxodinitrate (Angeli's anion). The spin-allowed addition of O-3(2) to (NO-)-N-3 produced peroxynitrite with nearly diffusion-controlled rate (k = 2.7 x 10(9) M(-1.)s(-1)). In contrast, the spin-forbidden addition of O-3(2) to (HNO)-H-1 was not detected (k much less than 3 x 10(5) M(-1.)s(-1)). Both (HNO)-H-1 and (NO-)-N-3 reacted sequentially with two NO to generate N3O3- as along-lived intermediate; the rate laws of N3O3- formation were linear in concentrations of NO and (HNO)-H-1 (k = 5.8 x 10(6) M(-1.)s(-1)) or NO and (NO-)-N-3 (k = 2.3 x 10(9) M(-1.)s(-1)). Catalysis by the hydroxide ion was observed for the reactions of (HNO)-H-1 with both O-2 and NO. This effect is explicable by a spin-forbidden deprotonation by OH- (k = 4.9 x 10(4) M(-1.)s(-1)) of the relatively unreactive (HNO)-H-1 into the extremely reactive (NO-)-N-3. Dimerization of (HNO)-H-1 to produce N2O occurred much more slowly (k = 8 x 10(6) M(-1.)s(-1)) than previously suggested. The implications of these results for evaluating the biological roles of nitroxyl are discussed. C1 NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Solid State Lab, New York, NY 10003 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shafirovich, V (reprint author), NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 34 TC 237 Z9 238 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 28 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 11 BP 7340 EP 7345 DI 10.1073/pnas.112202099 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 557KW UT WOS:000175908600006 PM 12032284 ER PT J AU McGrane, SD Moore, DS Funk, DJ Rabie, RL AF McGrane, SD Moore, DS Funk, DJ Rabie, RL TI Spectrally modified chirped pulse generation of sustained shock waves SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOT-SPOT FORMATION; MOLECULAR MATERIALS; LASER; INTERFEROMETRY; ALUMINUM; COLLAPSE; SOLIDS AB A method is described for generating shock waves with 10-20 ps risetime followed by >200 ps constant pressure, using spectrally modified (clipped) chirped laser pulses. The degree of spectral clipping alters the chirped pulse temporal intensity profile and thereby the time-dependent pressure (tunable via pulse energy) generated in bare and nitrocellulose-coated Al thin films. The method is implementable in common chirped amplified lasers, and allows synchronous probing with a <200 fs pulse. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGrane, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013 NR 23 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 21 BP 3919 EP 3921 DI 10.1063/1.1481986 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZV UT WOS:000175709000013 ER PT J AU Siegal, MP Overmyer, DL Kottenstette, RJ Tallant, DR Yelton, WG AF Siegal, MP Overmyer, DL Kottenstette, RJ Tallant, DR Yelton, WG TI Nanoporous-carbon films for microsensor preconcentrators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTER-BEAM DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; RAMAN; SPECTROSCOPY AB Nanoporous-carbon (NPC) films are grown using physical processes such as low-power pulsed-laser deposition with attenuation of the ablated carbon species kinetic energy attained by using an inert background gas. With room-temperature growth and negligible residual stress, NPC can coat nearly any substrate to any desired thickness. Control of the deposition energetics yields precise morphology, density, and hence, porosity, with no discernable variation in chemical bonding. We produce NPC films 8 mum thick with density <0.2 g/cm(3). The well-controlled porosity, i.e., available surface area, is demonstrated by using films with different thicknesses as a preconcentrator for a nerve-gas simulant. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Siegal, MP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 21 BP 3940 EP 3942 DI 10.1063/1.1480469 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZV UT WOS:000175709000020 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Beeman, JW Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Pillai, MR Aziz, MJ AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Beeman, JW Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Pillai, MR Aziz, MJ TI Enhanced nitrogen incorporation by pulsed laser annealing of GaNxAs1-x formed by N ion implantation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP ENERGY; SOLAR-CELLS; GAINNAS; ALLOYS; GANAS; GAAS AB We demonstrate that pulsed laser annealing followed by rapid thermal annealing greatly enhances incorporation of substitutional N in N+-implanted GaAs. Films implanted to 1.8% N exhibit a fundamental band gap of 1.26 eV (a band gap reduction of 160 meV), corresponding to an N activation efficiency of 50%. The optical and crystalline quality of the synthesized film is comparable to GaNxAs1-x thin films of similar composition grown by epitaxial growth techniques. Compared to films produced by N+ implantation and rapid thermal annealing only, the introduction of pulsed laser annealing improves N incorporation by a factor of 5. Moreover, we find that the synthesized films are thermally stable up to an annealing temperature of 950 degreesC. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kmyu@lbl.gov RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 21 BP 3958 EP 3960 DI 10.1063/1.1481196 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZV UT WOS:000175709000026 ER PT J AU Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Ager, JW Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ Saito, Y Nanishi, Y AF Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Ager, JW Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ Saito, Y Nanishi, Y TI Unusual properties of the fundamental band gap of InN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE; INXGA1-XN; EPITAXY AB The optical properties of wurtzite-structured InN grown on sapphire substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy have been characterized by optical absorption, photoluminescence, and photomodulated reflectance techniques. These three characterization techniques show an energy gap for InN between 0.7 and 0.8 eV, much lower than the commonly accepted value of 1.9 eV. The photoluminescence peak energy is found to be sensitive to the free-electron concentration of the sample. The peak energy exhibits very weak hydrostatic pressure dependence, and a small, anomalous blueshift with increasing temperature. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ritsumeikan Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Photon, Shiga 5258577, Japan. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 18 TC 1168 Z9 1202 U1 10 U2 120 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 21 BP 3967 EP 3969 DI 10.1063/1.1482786 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZV UT WOS:000175709000029 ER PT J AU Klie, RF Idrobo, JC Browning, ND Serquis, A Zhu, YT Liao, XZ Mueller, FM AF Klie, RF Idrobo, JC Browning, ND Serquis, A Zhu, YT Liao, XZ Mueller, FM TI Observation of coherent oxide precipitates in polycrystalline MgB2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BORON AB Here we describe the results of an atomic resolution study of oxygen incorporation into bulk MgB2. We find that similar to20-100 nm sized precipitates are formed by ordered substitution of oxygen atoms onto boron lattice sites, while the basic bulk MgB2 crystal structure and orientation is preserved. The periodicity of the oxygen ordering is dictated by the oxygen concentration in the precipitates and primarily occurs in the (010) plane. The presence of these precipitates correlates well with an improved critical current density and superconducting transition behavior, implying that they act as pinning centers. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys MC 273, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klie, RF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys MC 273, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015; OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 15 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 21 BP 3970 EP 3972 DI 10.1063/1.1481239 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 553ZV UT WOS:000175709000030 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J AF Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J TI Neutral and cationic aluminum complexes supported by sterically bulky amidinate ligands SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID INCORPORATING AMINOTROPONIMINATE LIGANDS; ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION CATALYSTS; ALKYL COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; GALLIUM; NITROGEN AB Aluminum complexes supported by sterically bulky amidinate ligands containing terphenyl substituents on the backbone carbon atoms are described. Three amidinate ligands featuring differing substituents at the ortho positions of the 2,6-phenyl rings have been employed: [2,6-(2,4,6-Me3Ph)(2)Ph]C(NH-i-Pr)N-i-Pr (LMeH), [2,6-(2,4,6-i-Pr3Ph)(2)Ph]C(NH-i-Pr)N-i-Pr (LPrH), and [2,6-(4-t-BuPh)(2)PhC(NH-i-Pr)N-i-Pr (LBuH)]. Monoamidinate dialkyl complexes were generated (LRAlMe2), and their reactions with methide abstraction reagents to yield cationic aluminum alkyl species were studied. Additionally, an amidinate aluminum dichloride was synthesized (LMeAlCl2), with concomitant formation of an unexpected amidinium salt, [LMeH2][EtAlCl3]. The crystal structures of representative dimethyl and dichloro species, as well as the latter salt, are presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 36 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2306 EP 2313 DI 10.1021/om0201011 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 554KJ UT WOS:000175734300022 ER PT J AU Cheng, TY Bullock, RM AF Cheng, TY Bullock, RM TI Hydride transfer from (eta(5)-C5Me5)(CO)(2)MH (M = Fe, Ru, Os) to trityl cation: Different products from different metals and the kinetics of hydride transfer SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANOMETALLIC LEWIS-ACIDS; ATOM TRANSFER-REACTIONS; IONIC HYDROGENATION; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; CARBONYL HYDRIDES; BRIDGING LIGAND; COMPLEXES; DICHLOROMETHANE; REACTIVITY; TUNGSTEN AB Reactions of the metal hydride complexes Cp*(Co)(2)MH (M = Fe, Ru, Os) with Ph(3)C(+)BF(4)(-)in CH2Cl2 were studied. Hydride transfer from Cp*(CO)(2)FeH to Ph3C+BF4- gives Cp*(CO)(2)-FeFBF3. Hydride transfer from the ruthenium hydride Cp*(CO)(2)RuH to Ph3C+BF4- produces the bridging hydride complex {[Cp*(CO)2Ru]2(/t-H)}+BF4, indicating that Cp*(CO)2RuH exhibits significant nucleophilicity in addition to hydridic reactivity of the Ru-H bond. The osmium hydride Cp*(CO)(2)OsH reacts with Ph3C+BF4- in CH2Cl2 to give a mixture of Cp*-(CO)(2)OsFBF3 and [Cp*(CO)(2)Os(ClCH2Cl)]+BF4-. The kinetics of these hydride transfer reactions were monitored by stopped-flow methods, leading to the second-order rate law -d[Ph3C+BF4-]/dt = k[Ph3C+BF4-] [MH]. The temperature dependence of the rate constants was determined for the iron hydride, the osmium hydride, and the osmium deuteride Cp*-(CO)(2)OsD. Activation parameters for hydride transfer from Cp*(CO)(2x)FeH are DeltaH(not equal) = 2.6 +/- 0.1 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaS(not equal) = -22.1 +/- 0.4 cal K-1 mol(-1); for CP*(CO)(2)OsH the activation parameters are DeltaH(not equal) = 4.9 +/- 0.1 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaS(not equal) = -16.8 +/- 0.5 cal K-1 mol(-1). A kinetic isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) = 1.6 at 0 degreesC) was found for the reaction of Cp*(CO)(2)OsD. The order of kinetic hydricity is HRu > HFe > HOs. Second-order rate constants (extrapolated to 25 C from data collected at lower temperatures) are k = 3.2 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1) for Cp*(CO)(2)OsH and k = 1.1 x 10(6) M-1 s(-1) for Cp*(CO)(2)FeH; for Cp*(CO)(2)RuH, k > 5 x 10(6) M-1 s(-1) is estimated at 25 degreesC. Rate constants were also determined for hydride transfer to Ph-2(p-MeOC6H4)C+ at 25 degreesC: k = 1.5 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1) for Cp*(CO)2RuH, k = 4.1 x 10(4) M-1 s(-1) for Cp*(CO)(2)FeH, and k = 3.2 x 10(3) M-1 s(-1) for Cp*(CO)(2)OsH. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bullock, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Bullock, R. Morris/L-6802-2016 OI Bullock, R. Morris/0000-0001-6306-4851 NR 47 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2325 EP 2331 DI 10.1021/om020012o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 554KJ UT WOS:000175734300024 ER PT J AU Fang, XG Watkin, JG Scott, BL John, KD Kubas, GJ AF Fang, XG Watkin, JG Scott, BL John, KD Kubas, GJ TI One-pot synthesis of (eta(6)-arene)bis(triphenylphosphine)(methyl)ruthenium(II) cations. X-ray structures of [(eta(6)-C6H6)Ru(Me)(PPh3)(2)]-[AlCl2Me2] and the eta(5)-thiophene analogue SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES; RHENIUM COMPLEXES; MONOXIDE LIGANDS; H-2; DIASTEREOSELECTIVITY; EPIMERIZATION; REACTIVITY; CATALYSIS; BIDENTATE; BINDING AB We report one-pot syntheses for a series of complexes of the type [(eta(6)-arene)(RuMe)-Me-Pi(PPh3)(2)][AlCl2- Me-2]in high yields and X-ray structures of the eta(6)-C6H6 and eta(5)-thiophene derivatives. Other derivatives include fluorobenzene and mesitylene complexes, and all of the complexes are synthesized by addition of AlMe3 to RuCl2-(PPh3)(3) in the neat arene solvent or in an admixture with hexane for thiophene and fluorobenzene. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kubas, GJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2336 EP 2339 DI 10.1021/om0200860 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 554KJ UT WOS:000175734300026 ER PT J AU Abanov, A Chubukov, AV AF Abanov, A Chubukov, AV TI Differential sum rule for the relaxation rate in the cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOGAP; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Motivated by recent experiments by Basov et al., we study the differential sum rule for the effective scattering rate 1/tau(omega) . We show that, in a dirty BCS superconductor, the area under 1/tau(omega) does not change between the normal and the superconducting states. For magnetically mediated pairing, a similar result holds between T/rless than or equal to30% are possible on the Z accelerator and may meet radiation symmetry requirements for scaling to fusion yields of >200 MJ . C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cuneo, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 21 AR 215004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.215004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 551UB UT WOS:000175579200018 PM 12059481 ER PT J AU Knoll, DA Chacon, L AF Knoll, DA Chacon, L TI Magnetic reconnection in the two-dimensional Kelvin-Helmholtz instability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; COALESCENCE; FIELDS AB Magnetic reconnection in the two-dimensional Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is studied. The flow is modeled by the reduced MHD equations with constant resistivity and viscosity. For super-Alfvenic flow, localized transient reconnection is observed on the Kelvin-Helmholtz time scale (this is not new). We study this transient reconnection and consider the peak reconnection rate which occurs with the initial vortex formation. Over the range of resistivities considered, it is shown that this peak reconnection rate is not a function of resistivity, and is a function of the initial flow shear. Additionally, it is demonstrated that there is a fundamental difference between the evolution of a problem at S=200 and S=10 000 . C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Knoll, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 21 AR 215003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.215003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 551UB UT WOS:000175579200017 PM 12059480 ER PT J AU Mackinnon, AJ Sentoku, Y Patel, PK Price, DW Hatchett, S Key, MH Andersen, C Snavely, R Freeman, RR AF Mackinnon, AJ Sentoku, Y Patel, PK Price, DW Hatchett, S Key, MH Andersen, C Snavely, R Freeman, RR TI Enhancement of proton acceleration by hot-electron recirculation in thin foils irradiated by ultraintense laser pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-ACCELERATION; SOLID INTERACTIONS; PLASMA; EMISSION; TARGETS; BEAMS AB MeV-proton production from solid targets irradiated by 100-fs laser pulses at intensities above 1x10(20) W cm(-2) has been studied as a function of initial target thickness. For foils 100 mum thick the proton beam was characterized by an energy spectrum of temperature 1.4 MeV with a cutoff at 6.5 MeV. When the target thickness was reduced to 3 mum the temperature was 3.2+/-0.3 MeV with a cutoff at 24 MeV. These observations are consistent with modeling showing an enhanced density of MeV electrons at the rear surface for the thinnest targets, which predicts an increased acceleration and higher proton energies. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka, Japan. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mackinnon, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; NR 18 TC 309 Z9 315 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 21 AR 215006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.215006 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 551UB UT WOS:000175579200020 PM 12059483 ER PT J AU Meek, TT Kobayashi, A Herbert, E White, RL AF Meek, TT Kobayashi, A Herbert, E White, RL TI Superconductive coatings fabricated via external injection into a d.c. plasma SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Applied Plasma Science (ISAPS 01) CY JUL 02-06, 2001 CL FAIRBANKS, ALASKA DE plasma spray; functionally graded coatings; external injection of material; alumina; zirconia; hardness; superconductor AB Collaborative research between The University of Tennessee and Osaka University is directed toward the development of High Functionally Graded Materials (Vacuum 59(l) (2000) 194). Micro-composite coatings within the ZrO2-Al2O3 system were fabricated by thermal spraying of material that was injected into the plasma using a hybrid technique (Functionally graded thermal sprayed coatings via hybrid injection of powders. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of IAPS, Vol. 10, 2001, pp. 3-8). In this work, coatings of the superconductor composition GdBa2Cu3O7 were deposited using external injection of a liquid precursor. Injection angles into the plasma were, for aerosol material, 30degrees, 45degrees and 90degrees. Material was also injected by needle at an angle of 90degrees to the plasma. It was found that aerosol injection angle does affect coating properties such as hardness and Young's modulus. Coatings produced were characterized using optical microscopy, nanoindentation, and XRD; the results are reported in this paper. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Osaka Univ, Joining & Welding Res Inst, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. MTS NanoInstruments, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, ETD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meek, TT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3-4 BP 409 EP 413 AR PII S0042-207X(01)00450-X DI 10.1016/S0042-207X(01)00450-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 574CY UT WOS:000176871900023 ER PT J AU Stilianakis, NI Perelson, AS Hayden, FG AF Stilianakis, NI Perelson, AS Hayden, FG TI Drug resistance and influenza pandemics SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Med Informat Biometry & Epidemiol, Erlangen, Germany. RP Stilianakis, NI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 25 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9320 BP 1862 EP 1863 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08691-9 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 555CK UT WOS:000175775500040 PM 12044407 ER PT J AU Wolverton, C Yan, XY Vijayaraghavan, R Ozolins, V AF Wolverton, C Yan, XY Vijayaraghavan, R Ozolins, V TI Incorporating first-principles energetics in computational thermodynamics approaches SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational Thermodynamics and Materials Design CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE ab-initio calculation; aluminum alloys; phase transformations; precipitation ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; VIBRATIONAL ENTROPY; DISORDERED NI3AL; SPECIAL POINTS; CU-AU; ALLOYS; SYSTEM; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Computational thermodynamic approaches have become a valuable tool in the calculation of complex. multicomponent phase equilibria often found in industrial alloys. These methods rely on databases of free energies, obtained from an optimization process involving experimental thermodynamic and phase diagram data. However, many phases of practical interest (e.g., metastable precipitate phases) are absent from computational thermodynamics databases, due to insufficient information to perform the optimization process. We demonstrate that first-principles. density functional calculations provide a means to obtain thermodynamic functions of phases absent from current databases. Two examples illustrate this hybrid first-principles/computational-thermodynamics approach: (1) the famous metastable Cu-containing precipitate phase, Al2Cu-theta'. often found in age-hardened aluminum alloys, and (2) a new assessment of thermodynamic data in the Al-Sr system. We show how first-principles input may be used in both binary and multicomponent industrial systems. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ford Res Lab, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wolverton, C (reprint author), Ford Res Lab, MD3028-SRL, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RI Wolverton, Christopher/B-7542-2009; Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009 NR 44 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 9 BP 2187 EP 2197 AR PII S1359-6454(01)00430-X DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00430-X PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 555ML UT WOS:000175797800002 ER PT J AU Yang, HS Bai, GR Thompson, LJ Eastman, JA AF Yang, HS Bai, GR Thompson, LJ Eastman, JA TI Interfacial thermal resistance in nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational Thermodynamics and Materials Design CY FEB 12-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE thermal properties; thermal conductivity; grain boundaries; chemical vapor deposition ID THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; HEAT; DIAMOND; POLYCRYSTALLINE; NANOPARTICLES; CONDUCTANCE; COPPER AB The grain-size dependent thermal conductivity of nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia from 6-480K is reported. The thermal conductivity for a grain size of 10 nm is reduced to approximately half that of coarse-grained or single-crystal material at all measured temperatures. A method for determining the inter-facial resistance to thermal transport in polycrystalline materials from measurements of grain-size-dependent thermal conductivity is described and applied, The results suggest a new strategy for identifying improved thermal barrier materials by choosing materials with large inter-facial thermal resistance and reduced dimensionality or grain size, rather than by focusing on minimization of bulk thermal conductivity alone. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Eastman, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 26 TC 157 Z9 160 U1 4 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 9 BP 2309 EP 2317 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00057-5 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00057-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 555ML UT WOS:000175797800012 ER PT J AU Zhang, RG Kim, Y Skarina, T Beasley, S Laskowski, R Arrowsmith, C Edwards, A Joachimiak, A Savchenko, A AF Zhang, RG Kim, Y Skarina, T Beasley, S Laskowski, R Arrowsmith, C Edwards, A Joachimiak, A Savchenko, A TI Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima 0065, a member of the IclR transcriptional factor family SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ERWINIA-CHRYSANTHEMI; DNA-BINDING; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; REPRESSOR PROTEIN; HELIX PROTEIN; OPERON; GENES; PURIFICATION; PECTINOLYSIS AB Members of the IclR family of transcription regulators modulate signal-dependent expression of genes involved in carbon metabolism in bacteria and archaea. The Thermotoga maritima TM0065 gene codes for a protein (TM-IclR) that is homologous to the IclR family. We have determined the crystal structure of TM-IclR at 2.2 Angstrom resolution using MAD phasing and synchrotron radiation. The protein is composed of two domains: the N-terminal DNA-binding domain contains the winged helix-turn-helix motif, and the C-terminal presumed regulatory domain is involved in binding signal molecule. In a proposed signal-binding site, a bound Zn2+ ion was found. In the crystal, TM-IclR forms a dimer through interactions between DNA-binding domains. In the dimer, the DNA-binding domains are 2-fold related, but the dimer is asymmetric with respect to the orientation of signal-binding domains. Crystal packing analysis showed that TM-IclR dimers form a tetramer through interactions exclusively by signal-binding domains. A model is proposed for binding of IclR-like factors to DNA, and it suggests that signal-dependent transcription regulation is accomplished by affecting an oligomerization state of IclR and therefore its affinity for DNA target. C1 Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Hlth Network, Clin Genom Ctr Proteom, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Dept Crystallog, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, 112 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. OI Laskowski, Roman/0000-0001-5528-0087 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414, P50 GM062414-02, P50 GM062414] NR 30 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 21 BP 19183 EP 19190 DI 10.1074/jbc.M112171200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 558PM UT WOS:000175975800121 PM 11877432 ER PT J AU Ghirlanda, G Lear, JD Ogihara, NL Eisenberg, D DeGrado, WF AF Ghirlanda, G Lear, JD Ogihara, NL Eisenberg, D DeGrado, WF TI A hierarchic approach to the design of hexameric helical barrels SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein design; coiled-coils; domain-swapped dimer; helical barrels; supramolecular assembly ID TRIMERIC COILED-COIL; GCN4 LEUCINE-ZIPPER; BETA-SHEET BARRELS; DE-NOVO DESIGN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN DESIGN; TERTIARY TEMPLATES; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; DIIRON PROTEINS; 4-HELIX BUNDLE AB The design of large macromolecular assemblies is an endeavor with implications for protein engineering as well as nanotechnology. A hierarchic approach was used to design an antiparallel hexameric, tubular assembly of helices. In previous studies, a domain-swapped, dimeric three-helix bundle was designed from first principles. In the crystal lattice, three dimers associate around a 3-fold rotational axis to form a hexameric assembly. Although this hexameric assembly was not observed in solution, it was possible to stabilize its formation by changing three polar residues per monomer to hydrophobic (two Phe and one Trp) residues. Molecular models based on the crystallographic coordinates of DSD (PDB accession code 1G6U) show that these side-chains pack in the central cavity (the supercore) of the hexameric bundle. Analytical ultracentrifugation, fluorescence spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, and guanidine-HCl denaturation were used to determine the assembly of the hexamer. To probe the requirements for stabilizing the hexamer, we systematically varied the polarity and steric bulk of one of the Phe residues in the supercore of the hexamer. Depending on the nature of this sidechain, it is possible to modulate the stability of the hexamer in a predictable manner. This family of hexameric proteins may provide a useful framework for the construction of proteins that change their oligomeric states in response to binding of small molecules. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Penn, Sch Med, Johnson Res Fdn, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Struct Biol Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP DeGrado, WF (reprint author), Univ Penn, Sch Med, Johnson Res Fdn, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Stellar Chance Bldg,Room 1010,421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 54616] NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 319 IS 1 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00233-4 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 559UA UT WOS:000176042700019 PM 12051949 ER PT J AU Schuh, CA Nieh, TG Yamasaki, T AF Schuh, CA Nieh, TG Yamasaki, T TI Hall-Petch breakdown manifested in abrasive wear resistance of nanocrystalline nickel SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline nickel; wear; indentation ID GRAIN-SIZE; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM; COATINGS AB The abrasion resistance of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel is investigated using the nanoscratch technique with a ramping load. At the finest grain sizes studied (12-14 nm), a breakdown in Hall-Petch hardening is observed directly in hardness data, as well as indirectly in scratch resistance. The changes in abrasive wear behavior are quantitatively commensurate with the changes in hardness, despite the apparent transition in deformation mechanisms at the finest grain sizes. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Himeji Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, Japan. RP Schuh, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 7700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schuh, Christopher/C-7947-2009; Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 19 TC 197 Z9 204 U1 13 U2 75 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 10 BP 735 EP 740 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00062-3 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00062-3 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 561CC UT WOS:000176118100009 ER PT J AU Singh, D Goretta, KC Richardson, JW de Arellano-Lopez, AR AF Singh, D Goretta, KC Richardson, JW de Arellano-Lopez, AR TI Interfacial sliding stress in Si3N4/BN fibrous monoliths SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE interface; stress; fibrous monolith; composite ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; CERAMIC-MATRIX; FRACTURE; FRICTION AB Pushout tests of Si3N4 cells in Si3N4/BN fibrous monoliths yielded values for debond and sliding stresses of 45 +/- 8 and 25 +/- 7 MPa, respectively. The sliding stress was consistent with estimates of residual stresses and the interfacial friction coefficient. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Seville, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ken.goretta@aoard.af.mil OI R. de Arellano Lopez, Antonio/0000-0002-7443-0244 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 10 BP 747 EP 751 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00068-4 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00068-4 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 561CC UT WOS:000176118100011 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Elmer, JW DebRoy, T AF Zhang, W Elmer, JW DebRoy, T TI Kinetics of ferrite to austenite transformation during welding of 1005 steel SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE phase transformations; steels; kinetics; X-ray diffraction; welding ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; TIME; MICROSTRUCTURES; EVOLUTION; MACRO AB The kinetics of ferrite to austenite phase transformation in 1005 steel during welding was quantitatively determined by a combination of phase mapping using X-ray diffraction and transport phenomena based numerical modeling. The results can be used to calculate the phase transformation rates under various thermal cycles for this steel. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP DebRoy, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 212 Steidle Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010; Zhang, Wei/B-9471-2013 NR 13 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 10 BP 753 EP 757 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00040-4 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00040-4 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 561CC UT WOS:000176118100012 ER PT J AU Russo, RE Mao, XL Liu, HC Gonzalez, J Mao, SS AF Russo, RE Mao, XL Liu, HC Gonzalez, J Mao, SS TI Laser ablation in analytical chemistry - a review SO TALANTA LA English DT Review DE laser ablation; calibration; inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; LA-ICP-MS; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; MULTIPLE-COLLECTOR-ICPMS; HUMAN ROOT DENTIN; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB Laser ablation is becoming a dominant technology for direct solid sampling in analytical chemistry. Laser ablation refers to the process in which an intense burst of energy delivered by a short laser pulse is used to sample (remove a portion of) a material. The advantages of laser ablation chemical analysis include direct characterization of solids, no chemical procedures for dissolution, reduced risk of contamination or sample loss, analysis of very small samples not separable for solution analysis, and determination of spatial distributions of elemental composition. This review describes recent research to understand and utilize laser ablation for direct solid sampling, with emphasis on sample introduction to an inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Current research related to contemporary experimental systems, calibration and optimization, and fractionation is discussed, with a summary of applications in several areas. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 161 TC 330 Z9 338 U1 27 U2 224 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 EI 1873-3573 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3 BP 425 EP 451 AR PII S0039-9140(02)00053-X DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00053-X PG 27 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 566ZC UT WOS:000176457300001 PM 18968642 ER EF