FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Tryggestad, E Aumann, T Baumann, T Bazin, D Beene, JR Blumenfeld, Y Brown, BA Chartier, M Halbert, ML Heckman, P Liang, JF Radford, DC Shapira, D Thoennessen, M Varner, RL AF Tryggestad, E Aumann, T Baumann, T Bazin, D Beene, JR Blumenfeld, Y Brown, BA Chartier, M Halbert, ML Heckman, P Liang, JF Radford, DC Shapira, D Thoennessen, M Varner, RL TI Low-lying dipole strength in O-20 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Coulomb excitation of O-18; Coulomb excitation of O-20; virtual photon scattering on O-18; virtual photon scattering on O-20; 1(-) levels of O-20 ID RICH OXYGEN ISOTOPES; NUCLEAR SHELL-MODEL; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; PYGMY; O-18 AB Two 1(-) levels at 5.35(10) and 6.85(5) MeV were observed for the first time in O-20. The strong direct excitation and subsequent gamma-ray decay of these states in virtual photon scattering at 100 MeV/nucleon, along with B(E;) predictions for 200 states in this energy region, established their dipole character. The extracted B(E1)up arrow values of similar or equal to 0.062(16) e(2) fm(2) and similar or equal to 0.035(9) e(2) fm(2) for the 5.35 and 6.85 MeV states, respectively, are significantly larger than shell model calculations predict. Such large dipole strengths are not observed for low-lying 1(-) states in O-18, indicating a shift of dipole strength towards lower energies as one approaches the neutron drip-line. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tryggestad, E (reprint author), Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Aumann, Thomas/B-1455-2012; radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 8 PY 2002 VL 541 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 58 AR PII S0370-2693(02)02224-4 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02224-4 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 585AJ UT WOS:000177500700008 ER PT J AU Martin, PA Richardson, JD Gray, LJ Berger, JR AF Martin, PA Richardson, JD Gray, LJ Berger, JR TI On Green's function for a three-dimensional exponentially graded elastic solid SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fundamental solutions; boundary-element methods; functionally graded materials; exponential grading AB The problem of a point force acting in an unbounded, three-dimensional, isotropic elastic solid is considered. Kelvin solved this problem for homogeneous materials. Here, the material is inhomogeneous; it is 'functionally graded'. Specifically, the solid is 'exponentially graded', which means that the Lame moduli vary exponentially in a given fixed direction. The solution for the Green's function is obtained by Fourier transforms, and consists of a singular part, given by the Kelvin solution, plus a non-singular remainder. This grading term is not obtained in simple closed form, but as the sum of single integrals over finite intervals of modified Bessel functions, and double integrals over finite regions of elementary functions. Knowledge of this new fundamental solution for graded materials permits the development of boundary-integral methods for these technologically important inhomogeneous solids. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Martin, PA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Martin, Paul/D-3398-2009; Berger, John/F-5169-2010 NR 27 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD AUG 8 PY 2002 VL 458 IS 2024 BP 1931 EP 1947 DI 10.1098/rspa.2001.0952 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 581DX UT WOS:000177276800009 ER PT J AU Liang, BY Andrews, L Li, J Bursten, BE AF Liang, BY Andrews, L Li, J Bursten, BE TI Noble gas-actinide compounds: Evidence for the formation of distinct CUO(Ar)(4-n)(Xe)(n) and CUO(Ar)(4-n)(Kr)(n) (n=1, 2, 3, 4) complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-CARBONYL-COMPLEXES; ARGON COMPOUND; XENON; ATOMS; MO C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Andrews, L (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 22 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 31 BP 9016 EP 9017 DI 10.1021/ja026432m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 579ZN UT WOS:000177209500006 PM 12148982 ER PT J AU Lin, VSY Radu, DR Han, MK Deng, WH Kuroki, S Shanks, BH Pruski, M AF Lin, VSY Radu, DR Han, MK Deng, WH Kuroki, S Shanks, BH Pruski, M TI Oxidative polymerization of 1,4-diethynylbenzene into highly conjugated poly(phenylene butadiynylene) within the channels of surface-functionalized mesoporous silica and alumina materials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY MIGRATION; POLYMERS; COMPOSITES; TRANSPORT; WIRES C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lin, VSY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Deng, Weihua/E-2895-2010 NR 18 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 31 BP 9040 EP 9041 DI 10.1021/ja025925o PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 579ZN UT WOS:000177209500018 PM 12148994 ER PT J AU Nishiyama, Y Langan, P Chanzy, H AF Nishiyama, Y Langan, P Chanzy, H TI Crystal structure and hydrogen-bonding system in cellulose 1 beta from synchrotron X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; D-CELLOTETRAOSE HEMIHYDRATE; I-ALPHA; NATIVE CELLULOSE; PACKING ANALYSIS; VALONIA CELLULOSE; BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; CELL-WALL; BETA; POLYSACCHARIDES AB The crystal and molecular structure together with the hydrogen-bonding system in cellulose Ibeta has been determined using synchrotron and neutron diffraction data recorded from oriented fibrous samples prepared by aligning cellulose microcrystals from tunicin. These samples diffracted both synchrotron X-rays and neutrons to better than 1 Angstrom resolution (>300 unique reflections; P2(1)). The X-ray data were used to determine the C and 0 atom positions, The resulting structure consisted of two parallel chains having slightly different conformations and organized in sheets packed in a "parallel-up" fashion, with all hydroxymethyl groups adopting the tg conformation. The positions of hydrogen atoms involved in hydrogen-bonding were determined from a Fourier-difference analysis using neutron diffraction data collected from hydrogenated and deuterated samples. The hydrogen atoms involved in the intramolecular O3...O5 hydrogen bonds have well-defined positions, whereas those corresponding to 02 and 06 covered a wider volume, indicative of multiple geometry with partial occupation. The observation of this disorder substantiates a recent infrared analysis and indicates that, despite their high crystallinity, crystals of cellulose Ibeta have an inherent disorganization of the intermolecular H-bond network that maintains the cellulose chains in sheets. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biomat Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, F-38041 Grenoble, France. RP Langan, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/A-3492-2012; Chanzy, Henri/A-3526-2012; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/0000-0003-4069-2307; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 55 TC 986 Z9 1013 U1 52 U2 384 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 31 BP 9074 EP 9082 AR UNSP JA0257319 DI 10.1021/ja0257319 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 579ZN UT WOS:000177209500035 PM 12149011 ER PT J AU Lee, M Kim, JW Peleshanko, S Larson, K Yoo, YS Vaknin, D Markutsya, S Tsukruk, VV AF Lee, M Kim, JW Peleshanko, S Larson, K Yoo, YS Vaknin, D Markutsya, S Tsukruk, VV TI Amphiphilic hairy disks with branched hydrophilic tails and a hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene core SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISCOTIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE; ORGANIZATION; MONODENDRONS; DENDRIMERS; MONOLAYERS AB Amphiphilic discotic molecules with hydrophilic side branches consisting of hexaphenyl hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene and hexabiphenyl hexa-peri-hexabiphenylcoronene as the aromatic core and hexa-substituted oligoethers as the branched peripheral chains have been synthesized, and their microstructure has been characterized. The discotic molecules based on dibranched oligoether side chains have been observed to self-organize into a well-ordered hexagonal columnar structure within liquid crystalline phases, which possessed an exceptionally high thermal stability and an unusually wide temperature range over >300 degreesC. We suggest that a combination of the large lateral dimensions of the rigid cores and disordered structure of the oxygen-containing branches tails is a driving force to the formation of a highly ordered columnar structure in the bulk state with enhanced molecular segregation. In contrast to the thermotropic phase behavior that favors the formation of highly ordered columnar aggregates through a strong stacking interaction, the hexabenzocoronene cores are packed in a face-on arrangement at the air/water interface and on solid surfaces with surface domains composed of an array of 7 x 7 molecules. We suggest a crablike molecular conformation and cluster-segregated monolayers with 6-fold symmetry and unusual face-on packing on a solid surface. Preliminary spectroscopic studies in the bulk state have shown that the molecules based on a hexaaromatic-substituted core may serve as functional supramolecular materials with high energy transfer characteristic within the columns due to near-perfect columnar ordering, which is unchanged over a wide temperature range. We believe that an absence of the crystallization phenomenon of side-branched oligoether chains is critical for the formation of long-range columnar ordering with strong intracolumnar correlation of conjugated disks important for high carrier mobility. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RI Lee, Myongsoo/A-8106-2011; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 NR 41 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 31 BP 9121 EP 9128 AR UNSP JA017553+ DI 10.1021/ja017553+ PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 579ZN UT WOS:000177209500040 PM 12149016 ER PT J AU Bakac, A AF Bakac, A TI Reactions of superoxo and oxo metal complexes with aldehydes. Radical-specific pathways for cross-disproportionation of superoxometal ions and acylperoxyl radicals SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-ATOM; SUPEROXOCHROMIUM(III) ION; PEROXYL RADICALS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RATE CONSTANTS; KINETICS; HOMOLYSIS; OXIDATION; ELECTRON AB The aquachromyl(IV) ion, CraqO2+, reacts with acetaldehyde and pivaldehyde by hydrogen atom abstraction and, in the presence Of O-2, produces acylperoxyl radicals, RC(O)OO.. In the next step, the radicals react with CraqOO2+, a species accompanying CraqO2+ in our preparations. The rate constant for the CraqOO2+/CH3C(0)OO. cross reaction, k(Cr) = 1.5 x 108 M-1 s(-1), was determined by laser flash photolysis. The evidence points to radical coupling at the remote oxygen of CraqOO2+, followed by elimination Of O-2 and formation of CH3COOH and (CraqO3+)-O-V. The latter disproportionates and ultimately yields Cr-aq(3+) and HCrO4-. No CO2 was detected. The CraqOO2+/C(CH3)(3)C(O)OO. reaction yielded isobutene, CO2, and Cr-aq(3+), in addition to chromate. In the suggested mechanism, the transient CraqOOOO(O)CC(CH3)(3)(2+) branches into two sets of products. The path leading to chromate resembles the CH3C(0)OO. reaction. The other products arise from an unprecedented intramolecular hydrogen transfer from the tert-butyl group to the CrO entity and elimination Of CO2 and O-2. A portion of C(CH3)(3)C(O)OO. was captured by (CH3)(3)COO., which was in turn generated by decarbonylation of acyl radicals and oxygenation of tert-butyl radicals so formed. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 31 BP 9136 EP 9144 AR UNSP JA026365W DI 10.1021/ja026365w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 579ZN UT WOS:000177209500042 PM 12149018 ER PT J AU Lin, WY Frei, H AF Lin, WY Frei, H TI Photochemical and FT-IR probing of the active site of hydrogen peroxide in Ti silicalite sieve SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POWDER NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TITANIUM-SILICALITE; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; SELECTIVE-OXIDATION; REACTION-MECHANISMS; OLEFIN EPOXIDATION; ALKENE EPOXIDATION; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; FRAMEWORK TI(IV); OXYGEN-TRANSFER AB Upon loading of aqueous hydrogen peroxide into Ti silicalite sieve and removal of the solvent by evacuation, a thermally stable hydroperoxo species was detected by infrared spectroscopy with an OO stretch absorption at 837 cm(-1) (110, 793 cm(-1)) and a broad OH band at 3400 cm(-1). The species, assigned to TiOOH (eta(2)), is photolabile and is very efficiently converted to a titanol group upon excitation of its UV-vis ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) absorption. Growth of H2O (160, 1629 cm(-1); 1110, 1625 cm(-1)) and of the 960 cm(-1) framework mode indicate that a substantial traction of the titanol groups recondense with adjacent Si-OH to Ti-O-Si. The TiOOH moiety was shown by in situ FT-IR monitoring to oxidize small olefins at room temperature in the dark (propylene) or under photoexcitation of the LIMCT chromophore (ethylene). This is the first direct detection of the active oxidation site in H2O2-loaded Ti silicalite sieve. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Mailstop Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Mailstop Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 53 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 31 BP 9292 EP 9298 DI 10.1021/ja012477w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 579ZN UT WOS:000177209500061 PM 12149037 ER PT J AU Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH TI Effects of temporal modelling on the statistical uncertainty of spatiotemporal distributions estimated directly from dynamic SPECT projections SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Fully 3-Dimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CTI Inc, GE Med Syst, ADAC Labs, Apple Comp Inc, US Dept Energy Off Sci ID RECONSTRUCTION; TOMOGRAPHY AB Artefacts can result when reconstructing a dynamic image sequence from inconsistent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) projection data acquired by a slowly rotating gantry. The artefacts can lead to biases in kinetic parameters estimated from time-activity curves generated by overlaying volumes of interest on the images. Insufficient sampling and truncation of projections by cone-beam collimators can cause additional artefacts. To overcome these sources of bias in conventional image based dynamic data analysis, we have been investigating the estimation of time-activity curves and kinetic model parameters directly from dynamic SPECT projection data by modelling the spatial and temporal distribution of the radiopharmaceutical throughout the projected field of view. In the present work, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to study the effects of the temporal modelling on the statistical variability of the reconstructed spatiotemporal distributions. The simulations utilize fast methods for fully four-dimensional (4D) direct estimation of spatiotemporal distributions and their statistical uncertainties, using a spatial segmentation and temporal B-splines. The simulation results suggest that there is benefit in modelling higher orders of temporal spline continuity. In addition, the accuracy of the time modelling can be increased substantially without unduly increasing the statistical uncertainty, by using relatively fine initial time sampling to capture rapidly changing activity distributions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Functional Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Med Imaging Res Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. RP Reutter, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Functional Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bwreutter@lbl.gov; ggullbe@hsc.utah.edu; rhhuesman@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL50663, P01-HL25840] NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 15 BP 2673 EP 2683 AR PII S0031-9155(02)38098-9 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/47/15/309 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 585EB UT WOS:000177510200011 PM 12200931 ER PT J AU Qi, JY Huesman, RH AF Qi, JY Huesman, RH TI Scatter correction for positron emission mammography SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Fully 3-Dimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CALIFORNIA SP EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CTI Inc, GE Med Syst, ADAC Labs, Apple Comp Inc, US Dept Energy Off Sci ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; 3D PET; TRANSMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHMS; DEPTH AB In this paper we present a scatter correction method for a regularized list mode maximum likelihood reconstruction algorithm for the positron emission mammograph (PEM) that is being developed at our laboratory. The scatter events inside the object are modelled as additive Poisson random variables in the forward model of the reconstruction algorithm. The mean scatter sinogram is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation program. With the assumption that the background activity is nearly uniform, the Monte Carlo scatter simulation only needs to run once for each PEM configuration. This saves computation time. The crystal scatters are modelled as a shift-invariant blurring in image domain because they are more localized. Thus, the useful information in the crystal scatters can be deconvolved in high-resolution reconstructions. The propagation of the noise from the estimated scatter sinogram into the reconstruction is analysed theoretically. The results provide an easy way to calculate the required number of events in the Monte Carlo scatter simulation for a given noise level in the image. The analysis is also applicable to other scatter estimation methods, provided that the covariance of the estimated scatter sinogram is available. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qi, JY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL25840] NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 15 BP 2759 EP 2771 AR PII S0031-9155(02)38300-3 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/47/15/315 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 585EB UT WOS:000177510200017 PM 12200937 ER PT J AU Shattuck, DW Rapela, J Asma, E Chatzioannou, A Qi, J Leahy, RM AF Shattuck, DW Rapela, J Asma, E Chatzioannou, A Qi, J Leahy, RM TI Internet2-based 3D PET image reconstruction using a PC cluster SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting on Fully 3-Dimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2001 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CALIFORNIA SP EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CTI Inc, GE Med Syst, ADAC Labs, Apple Comp Inc, US Dept Energy Off Sci ID 3-D PET; RESOLUTION; ALGORITHMS; MICROPET AB We describe an approach to fast iterative reconstruction from fully three-dimensional (3D) PET data using a network of PentiumIII PCs configured as a Beowulf cluster. To facilitate the use of this system, we have developed a browser-based interface using Java. The system compresses PET data on the user's machine, sends these data over a network, and instructs the PC cluster to reconstruct the image. The cluster implements a parallelized version of our preconditioned conjugate gradient method for fully 3D MAP image reconstruction. We report on the speed-up factors using the Beowulf approach and the impacts of communication latencies in the local cluster network and the network connection between the user's machine and our PC cluster. C1 Univ So Calif, Signal & Imagae Proc Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Crump Inst Mol Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Functional Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shattuck, DW (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Signal & Imagae Proc Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01-EB00363] NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD AUG 7 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 15 BP 2785 EP 2795 AR PII S0031-9155(02)37839-4 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/47/15/317 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 585EB UT WOS:000177510200019 PM 12200939 ER PT J AU Eswaramoorthy, S Kumaran, D Swaminathan, S AF Eswaramoorthy, S Kumaran, D Swaminathan, S TI A novel mechanism for Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin inhibition SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL PROTEIN TOXINS; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; ZINC-BINDING; LIGHT-CHAINS; SEROTYPE-A; TETANUS; VAMP/SYNAPTOBREVIN; SYNAPTOBREVIN; CLEAVAGE AB Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins are zinc endopeptidase proteins responsible for cleaving specific peptide bonds of proteins of neuroexocytosis apparatus. The ability of drugs to interfere with toxin's catalytic activity is being evaluated with zinc chelators and metalloprotease inhibitors. It is important to develop effective pharmacological treatment for the intact holotoxin before the catalytic domain separates and enters the cytosol. We present here evidence for a novel mechanism of an inhibitor binding to the holotoxin and for the chelation of zinc from our structural studies on Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type B in complex with a potential metalloprotease inhibitor, bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane, and provide snapshots of the reaction as it progresses. The binding and inhibition mechanism of this inhibitor to the neurotoxin seems to be unique for intact botulinum neurotoxins. The environment of the active site rearranges in the presence of the inhibitor, and the zinc ion is gradually removed from the active site and transported to a different site in the protein, probably causing loss of catalytic activity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 31 BP 9795 EP 9802 DI 10.1021/bi020060c PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 580GZ UT WOS:000177228000008 PM 12146945 ER PT J AU Chen, CS AF Chen, CS TI Phorbol ester induces elevate oxidative activity an alkalization in a subset of lysosomes SO BMC CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; NADPH OXIDASE; MUCOLIPIDOSIS; TRANSPORT; CELLS; PH AB Background: Lysosomes are acidic organelles that play multiple roles in various cellular oxidative activities such as the oxidative burst during cytotoxic killing It remains to be determined how lysosomal lumen oxidative activity and pH interact and are regulated Here, I report the use of fluorescent probes to measure oxidative activity and pH of lysosomes in live macrophages upon treatment with the tumor promotor phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and provide novel insight regarding the regulation of lysosomal oxidative activity and pH. Results: The substrate used to measure oxidative activity was bovine serum albumin covalently coupled to dihydro-2', 4, 5, 6, 7, 7'-hexafluorofluorescein ( OxyBURST Green H2HFF BSA) During pulse-chase procedures with live macrophages, this reduced dye was internalized through an endocytic pathway and accumulated in the lysosomes Oxidation of this compound results in a dramatic increase of fluorescence intensity By using low-light level fluorescence microscopy, I determined that phorbol ester treatment results in increased oxidative activity and pH elevation in different subsets of lysosomes Furthermore, lysosomes with stronger oxidative activity tended to exclude the acidotropic lysosomal indicator, and thus exhibit higher alkalinity Conclusions: Results indicate that there is a regulatory mechanism between lysosomal oxidative activity and pH Activation of lysosomal Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase by phorbol ester may result in increase of intralysosomal O-2(.-) and H2O2, concurrent with pH elevation due to consumption of H+ and generation of OH-. Furthermore, effect of phorbol ester on elevated oxidative activity and pH is heterogeneous among total lysosomal population Higher oxidative activity and/or pH are only observed in subsets of lysosomes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Mol Probes Inc, Cell Biol Grp, Eugene, OR 97405 USA. RP Chen, CS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2121 J9 BMC CELL BIOL JI BMC Cell Biol. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 3 AR 21 DI 10.1186/1471-2121-3-21 PG 34 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 581QL UT WOS:000177304300001 PM 12165102 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K AF Balasubramanian, K TI Electronic states of the superheavy element 113 and (113)H SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; NUCLEI AB We have carried out relativistic complete active space multi-configuration interaction followed by multi-reference configuration interaction computations including spin-orbit effects for the electronic states of the superheavy element 113 and (113)H. It is demonstrated that (113)H exhibits unusually short bond length and large dissociation energy due to large relativistic effects including spin-orbit effects. The 6d-spin-orbit-correlation effects are shown to be very important for (113)H. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Coll Engn, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Coll Engn, Dept Appl Sci, Hertz Hall,Bldg 661,POB 808,L-794, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 361 IS 5-6 BP 397 EP 404 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00888-6 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00888-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 587YD UT WOS:000177671100007 ER PT J AU Merkulov, V Melechko, AV Guillorn, MA Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML AF Merkulov, V Melechko, AV Guillorn, MA Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML TI Growth rate of plasma-synthesized vertically aligned carbon nanofibers SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PATTERNED GROWTH; NANOTUBES; CATALYSTS; ALIGNMENT; NICKEL; IRON AB Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) were synthesized by direct-current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using acetylene and ammonia as the gas source. The mechanisms responsible for changing the nanofiber growth rate were studied and phenomenological models are proposed. The feedstock for VACNF growth is suggested to consist mainly of radicals formed in the plasma and not the unexcited acetylene gas molecules. The growth rate is shown to increase dramatically by changing the radical transport mechanism from diffusive to forced flow, which was accomplished by increasing the gas flow in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Thin Film & Nanostructured Mat Phys Grp, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Merkulov, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, POB 2008,MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 361 IS 5-6 BP 492 EP 498 AR PII S0009-2614(02)01016-3 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01016-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 587YD UT WOS:000177671100020 ER PT J AU Austin, DW Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB Britt, PF Guillorn, MA Simpson, ML AF Austin, DW Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB Britt, PF Guillorn, MA Simpson, ML TI The electrodeposition of metal at metal/carbon nanotube junctions SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; SINGLE-WALL; QUANTUM WIRES; TRANSPORT AB We deposited a semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube on Pd electrodes, and the initial charge transport measurements showed the usual large contact resistance between the electrodes and the nanotube. We electroplated Au over the electrodes with no obvious deposition of An along the sidewalls of the nanotube between the electrodes. Post deposition charge transport measurements indicated more than a factor of six decrease in the electrode/nanotube contact resistance, yet the semiconducting behavior of the nanotube was maintained. A significant difference in the post deposition I-V characteristics may be explained by an electronic or mechanical modification of the nanotube/electrode junction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Simpson, ML (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 361 IS 5-6 BP 525 EP 529 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00992-2 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00992-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 587YD UT WOS:000177671100025 ER PT J AU Lim, KH Lee, JM Smith, DH AF Lim, KH Lee, JM Smith, DH TI Description of phase and emulsion inversion behavior for the ethanol/benzene/water system by the Bancroft-Hand transformation and critical-scaling theory SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CALLAN-SYMANZIK EQUATION; CRITICAL INDEXES; CRITICAL-POINTS; CATASTROPHE; DIMENSIONS; FLUIDS AB The emulsion morphology diagram for the ethanol/benzene/water system is analyzed by a coordinate transformation of emulsion inversion data and by critical-scaling equations in the transformed coordinates. The transformation, which may be called the "Bancroft-Hand" transformation, converts the phase and inversion volume fractions into a new concentration variable. When this new concentration variable is used, the tie lines become parallel with each other. The parallel tie lines extend the validity of the critical-scaling theory to a large fraction of the binodal. The phase and emulsion inversion compositions obtained with these transformed concentration variables are compared to the corresponding phase and inversion compositions in polar coordinates (another coordinate transform for obtaining parallel tie lines). The interpretation of the behavior of this system in the Bancroft-Hand transformation also is compared to the behavior of the binary 2-butoxyethanol/water-temperature system (where the tie lines are rigorously parallel). C1 Chung Ang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 156756, South Korea. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Lim, KH (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 156756, South Korea. EM khlim@cau.ac.kr NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 16 BP 6003 EP 6009 AR UNSP LA0200515 DI 10.1021/la0200515 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 580FL UT WOS:000177224400009 ER PT J AU Benitez, JJ Kopta, S Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Benitez, JJ Kopta, S Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M TI Preparation and characterization of self-assembled monolayers of octadecylamine on mica using hydrophobic solvents SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; FRICTIONAL-PROPERTIES; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT; FILMS; ALKANETHIOLS; PRESSURE; AU(111); GOLD AB The formation of self-assembled monolayers of octadecylamine on mica from chloroform solutions has been studied ex situ with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Growth occurs in the form of islands with structure and properties that depend critically on preparation conditions. Inside the islands, the molecules are oriented such that they expose the terminal CH3 group and are tilted with respect to the normal direction of the surface. The weak bond between mica and the polar amino (-NH2) group results in weak mechanical stability of the islands, which are easily damaged by the AFM tip during repetitive scans. The influence of several preparation parameters on the islands' structure has been analyzed and discussed on the basis of a model involving residual water molecules on the mica substrate. C1 Univ Sevilla, CSIC, Ctr Mixto, Inst Ciencia Mat, Seville 41092, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Benitez, JJ (reprint author), Univ Sevilla, CSIC, Ctr Mixto, Inst Ciencia Mat, Avda Americo Vespuccio S-N, Seville 41092, Spain. RI Benitez, Jose J/K-5662-2014 OI Benitez, Jose J/0000-0002-3222-0564 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 6 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 16 BP 6096 EP 6100 AR UNSP LA011629Y DI 10.1021/la011629y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 580FL UT WOS:000177224400024 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Liu, HK Braiman, Y AF Liu, Y Liu, HK Braiman, Y TI Injection locking of individual broad-area lasers in an integrated high-power diode array SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; EXTERNAL-CAVITY; OPERATION AB We report experimental results on the injection locking of individual multimode broad-area high-power laser (one-in-a-time) in a linear array bar consisting of 19 lasers driven by a common current source. Each broad-area laser, capable of generating a beam with a power of 1 W, is injection locked to a single-longitudinal and transverse mode with less than 0.5 mW of injection power. The injection-locked broad-area laser shows very narrow linewidth close to the injection laser regardless of the output power. Our research suggests that the matching of the injection wavelength to one of the free-running modes of lasers in the array is the essential condition for achieving coherent operation of the array via injection locking. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 6 BP 978 EP 980 DI 10.1063/1.1498501 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579GZ UT WOS:000177171400010 ER PT J AU Yan, Y Jones, KM Abushama, J Young, M Asher, S Al-Jassim, MM Noufi, R AF Yan, Y Jones, KM Abushama, J Young, M Asher, S Al-Jassim, MM Noufi, R TI Microstructure of surface layers in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CU-IN-SE; SOLAR-CELLS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; EFFICIENCY; CUINSE2; GROWTH AB In most Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films used for solar cells, there usually exist interfaces lying about 0.1 to 0.2 mum below surfaces. We report on convergent-beam electron diffraction and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy study of the microstructure and chemical composition of the surface region in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films. We find that the surface region and the bulk are structurally similar, with no ordered defect chalcopyrite structure observed. However, their composition is slightly different, indicating that they can have different point defect physics. Our results suggest that the subinterfaces and the bulk absorber may form homojunctions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1008 EP 1010 DI 10.1063/1.1498499 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579GZ UT WOS:000177171400020 ER PT J AU Han, WQ Mickelson, W Cumings, J Zettl, A AF Han, WQ Mickelson, W Cumings, J Zettl, A TI Transformation of BxCyNz nanotubes to pure BN nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; SUBSTITUTION-REACTION; CARBON NANOTUBES AB We demonstrate that multiwalled BxCyNz nanotubes can be efficiently converted to BN multiwalled nanotubes via an oxidation treatment. The microstructure and composition of the precursors and final products have been characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The conversion process is monitored by thermogravimetric analysis. Carbon layers of BxCyNz nanotubes start to oxidize at 550 degreesC, thereby transforming BxCyNz nanotubes into pure BN nanotubes. The remarkable thermal stability of pure BN nanotubes in an oxidizing environment is also established. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; Mickelson, Willi/D-8813-2013; Han, WQ/E-2818-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Mickelson, Willi/0000-0002-6398-6212; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 11 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1110 EP 1112 DI 10.1063/1.1498494 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579GZ UT WOS:000177171400054 ER PT J AU Hess, WP Joly, AG Beck, KM Gerrity, DP Sushko, PV Shluger, AL AF Hess, WP Joly, AG Beck, KM Gerrity, DP Sushko, PV Shluger, AL TI Solid-state halogen atom source for chemical dynamics and etching SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-HALIDES; STIMULATED DESORPTION; EXCITATION; SURFACE; MECHANISM; OZONE AB We describe a solid-state Br atom source for surface etching, kinetics, and reaction dynamics studies. Pulsed laser irradiation of crystalline KBr, near the bulk absorption threshold at 6 eV, produces hyperthermal Br atoms in dense plumes. The Br atom density and velocities may be controlled by choice of laser pulse power and photon energy. Single and multiple pulse excitation of KBr produces Br and Br(*) in controllable quantities and velocities, thus providing an attractive ultrahigh vacuum compatible solid-state radical atom source. The solid-state atom source is in principle extendable to other halogens using other alkali halides and perhaps other materials. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Hess, WP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wayne.hess@pnl.gov; a.shluger@ucl.ac.uk RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1140 EP 1142 DI 10.1063/1.1488700 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579GZ UT WOS:000177171400064 ER PT J AU Yarotski, DA Taylor, AJ AF Yarotski, DA Taylor, AJ TI Improved temporal resolution in junction-mixing ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENTS AB We demonstrate ultrafast dynamical imaging of surfaces using a junction-mixing scanning tunneling microscope. We detect picosecond transient voltage pulses on a microstrip transmission line and demonstrate a temporal resolution (full width at half maximum) of 8 ps. We show that the time resolution achieved in these experiments is limited mostly by the microstrip geometry and can be significantly improved by reducing the value of the transmission line impedance. By dynamically imaging the microstrip line and detecting picosecond voltage pulses propagating on a patterned metal-on-metal (Ti/Pt) structure, we demonstrate that 1 nm spatial resolution is achievable for a 13 ps (full width at half maximum) transient correlated signal. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yarotski, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Yarotski, Dmitry/G-4568-2010 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1143 EP 1145 DI 10.1063/1.1490402 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 579GZ UT WOS:000177171400065 ER PT J AU Taylor, TP Sauer, NN AF Taylor, TP Sauer, NN TI Beryllium colorimetric detection for high speed monitoring of laboratory environments SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE beryllium; colorimetry; colorimetric detection; monitoring; chrome azurol S ID METAL-IONS; DISEASE; EDTA AB The health consequences of beryllium (Be2+) exposure can be severe. Beryllium is responsible for a debilitating and potentially fatal lung disease, chronic beryllium disease (CBD) resulting from inhalation of beryllium particles. The US Code of Federal Register (CFR), 10 CFR 850, has established a limit of 0.2 mug beryllium/100 cm(2) as the maximum amount of beryllium allowable on surfaces to be released from beryllium work areas in Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. The analytical technique described herein reduces the time and cost of detecting beryllium on laboratory working surfaces substantially. The technique provides a positive colorimetric response to the presence of beryllium on a 30.5 cm x 30.5 cm (1 ft(2)) surface at a minimum detection of 0.2 mug/100 cm(2). The method has been validated to provide positive results for beryllium in the presence of excess iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, nickel, chromium and lead at concentrations 100 times that of beryllium and aluminum and uranium (UO22+) at lesser concentrations. The colorimetric detection technique has also been validated to effectively detect solid forms of beryllium including Be(OH)2, BeCl2, BeSO4, beryllium metal and BeO. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C SIC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sauer, NN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C SIC, MS-J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 93 IS 3 BP 271 EP 283 AR PII S0304-3894(02)00031-6 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00031-6 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 584DZ UT WOS:000177453100002 PM 12137989 ER PT J AU Raber, E McGuire, R AF Raber, E McGuire, R TI Oxidative decontamination of chemical and biological warfare agents using L-Gel SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biological warfare agent; chemical warfare agent; decontamination; detoxification; remediation AB A decontamination method has been developed using a single reagent that is effective both against chemical warfare (CW) and biological warfare (BW) agents. The new reagent, "L-Gel", consists of an aqueous solution of a mild commercial oxidizer, Oxone(TM), together with a commercial fumed silica gelling agent, Cab-O-Sil EH-5. L-Gel is non-toxic, environmentally friendly, relatively non-corrosive, maximizes contact time because of its thixotropic nature, clings to walls and ceilings, and does not harm carpets or painted surfaces. The new reagent also addresses the most demanding requirements for decontamination in the civilian sector, including availability, low maintenance, ease of application and deployment by a variety of dispersal mechanisms, minimal training and acceptable expense. Experiments to test the effectiveness of L-Gel were conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and independently at four other locations. L-Gel was tested against all classes of chemical warfare agents and against various biological warfare agent surrogates, including spore-forming bacteria and non-virulent strains of real biological agents. Testing showed that L-Gel is as effective against chemical agents and biological materials, including spores, as the best military decontaminants. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Protect Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Raber, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Protect Dept, POB 808,L-626, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 93 IS 3 BP 339 EP 352 AR PII S0304-3894(02)00051-1 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00051-1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 584DZ UT WOS:000177453100007 PM 12137994 ER PT J AU Gaillard, MK Giedt, J AF Gaillard, MK Giedt, J TI Modular-invariant anomalous U (1) breaking SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID PAULI-VILLARS REGULARIZATION; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; GAUGINO CONDENSATION; STRING CALCULATION; D-TERMS; SUPERGRAVITY; COMPACTIFICATIONS; FORMULATION; SUPERSPACE AB We describe the effective supergravity theory present below the scale of spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking due to an anomalous U(1), obtained by integrating out tree-level interactions of massive modes. A simple case is examined in some detail. We find that the effective theory can be expressed in the linear multiplet formulation, with some interesting consequences. Among them. the modified linearity conditions lead to new interactions not present in the theory without an anomalous U(1). These additional interactions are compactly expressed through a superfield functional. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gaillard, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 50A-5101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 636 IS 1-2 BP 365 EP 384 AR PII S0550-3213(02)00434-0 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(02)00434-0 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 578ZJ UT WOS:000177150700016 ER PT J AU Klei, SR Tilley, TD Bergman, RG AF Klei, SR Tilley, TD Bergman, RG TI Reactions of Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)OTf with silanes: Role of base-free silylene complexes in rearrangements of the resulting silicon-based ligands SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID C-H BOND; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; PHOTOCHEMICAL CONVERSION; REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; IRIDIUM CENTER; R =; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; HYDROGEN AB The mechanisms of silicon-hydrogen activation by Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)OTf (Cp* = eta(5)-C-5-Me-5, OTf = OSO2CF3; 1) and rearrangements of the resulting silyliridium complexes were investigated. The scope of this reaction has been studied for silanes with a variety of substituents. Silylene complexes of the type [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(SiR2)(H)] [X] (X = OTf, R = Mes, 6; X = B(C6F5)(4), R = Ph, 16) have been isolated, and the likelihood of their involvement in the rearrangements is discussed. The kinetics of the isomerization reaction of the cyclometalated iridium(V) complex {Cp*(PMe3)Ir(H)[kappa(2)-SiH(Mes)(2-CH2-4,6-Me2C6H2)]}[OTf] (5) to the iridium silylene [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(SiMeS2)(H)][OTf] (6) were examined using NMR spectroscopic techniques. The primary kinetic isotope effect (Si-H vs Si-D bond) for this process was determined to be 1.4+/-0.1, implying a rate-limiting hydride migration from silicon to iridium. The activation parameters for this isomerization have also been measured: DeltaH(not equal) = 23+/-2 kcal/mol and DeltaS(not equal) = 0.1+/-0.01 eu. Slow hydride migration to produce a silylene complex from either Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)OTf (1) or [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)(CH2Cl2)][B(C6F5)(4)] (17) is observed for large substituents on silicon. However, production of the sterically less crowded complex [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(SiPh2)(H)][B(C6F5)(4)] (16) is extremely rapid upon reaction of 17 with H2SiPh2. This argues for the intermediacy of a three-coordinate silicon species. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 47 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 16 BP 3376 EP 3387 DI 10.1021/om020191+ PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 580PD UT WOS:000177242200013 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J AF Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J TI Reactions of a triazacyclononane-supported tantalum-lithium bridging alkylidene with organic substrates SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-CARBON BONDS; MU-DINITROGEN COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES; NEOPENTYLIDENE COMPLEXES; NIOBOCENE KETENE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; SOLID-STATE; LIGAND; DERIVATIVES AB The reactivity of a range of electrophilic organic substrates with a heterobimetallic tantalum-lithium bridging alkylidene [(Me3SiCH2)(ArN=)Ta(mu-CHSiMe3)(mu-eta(1):eta(3)-Pr-i(2)-tacn)-Li, 3] is presented. Proton sources of widely varying acidity react to protonate the alkylidene ligand, leading to an interesting tantalum-lithium bridging hydride complex in the case of H-2. The alkylidene 3 undergoes a series of insertion reactions with unsaturated substrates, such as acetonitrile, carbon monoxide, and carbon disulfide; it also reacts with an acid chloride to yield a tantalum enolate species featuring return of the Pr-i(2)-tacn(-) ligand to a tridentate coordination mode. The incorporated lithium in 3 played an important role, at least structurally, in the chemistry observed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 84 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 16 BP 3426 EP 3433 DI 10.1021/om020175c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 580PD UT WOS:000177242200019 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, GP Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Oddone, PJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Kunze, 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Hast, C Nief, JY Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Brau, J Frey, R Grauges, E Iwasaki, M Sinev, NB Strom, D Colecchia, F Dal Corso, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Michelon, G Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Torassa, E Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Frank, ED Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Lu, C Miftakov, V Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Singh, H Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Aston, D Berger, N Boyarski, AM Calderini, G Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Haas, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Quinn, H Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Meyer, TI Roat, C Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Brown, CM Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Charles, E Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Kordich, TMB Neal, H AF Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, GP Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Oddone, PJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Kunze, M Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Foster, B Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Bukin, DA Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Telnov, VI Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Stoker, DP Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Chun, S MacFarlane, DB Prell, S Rahatlou, S Raven, G Sharma, V Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hart, PA Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Metzler, S Oyang, J Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Zhu, RY Devmal, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Bloom, P Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Blouw, J Harton, JL Krishnamurthy, M Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Ferrag, S T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Xie, Y Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Morii, M Bartoldus, R Hamilton, R Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Fischer, PA Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Trincaz-Duvoid, S Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ Mugge, M van Bibber, K Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Boyd, JT Forti, AC Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Olsen, J Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Hast, C Nief, JY Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Brau, J Frey, R Grauges, E Iwasaki, M Sinev, NB Strom, D Colecchia, F Dal Corso, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Michelon, G Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Torassa, E Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Frank, ED Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Lu, C Miftakov, V Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Singh, H Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Aston, D Berger, N Boyarski, AM Calderini, G Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Haas, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Quinn, H Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Meyer, TI Roat, C Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Brown, CM Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Charles, E Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Kordich, TMB Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of the branching fraction and CP content for the decay B-0 -> D*+D*- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MESON SYSTEM; VIOLATION AB We report a measurement of the branching fraction of the decay B-0-->D*+D*- and of the CP-odd component of its final state using the BABAR detector. With data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.4 fb (-1) collected at the Y(4S) resonance during 1999-2000, we have reconstructed 38 candidate signal events in the mode B-0-->D*+D*- with an estimated background of 6.2+/-0.5 events. From these events, we determine the branching fraction to be B(B-0-->D*+D*-)=[8.3+/-1.6(stat)+/-1.2(syst)]x10(-4). The measured CP-odd fraction of the final state is 0.22+/-0.18(stat)+/-0.03(syst). C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. 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Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Torassa, Ezio/I-1788-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Telnov, Valery/C-6900-2009; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Schaffner, Stephen/D-1189-2011; Frank, Edward/A-8865-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Telnov, Valery/0000-0002-8312-8119; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 061801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.061801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600009 PM 12190575 ER PT J AU Dembowski, C Dietz, B Graf, HD Heine, A Papenbrock, T Richter, A Richter, C AF Dembowski, C Dietz, B Graf, HD Heine, A Papenbrock, T Richter, A Richter, C TI Experimental test of a trace formula for a chaotic three-dimensional microwave cavity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SINAI BILLIARD; STADIUM BILLIARD; SPECTRAL STATISTICS; SMOOTH BOUNDARY; 3D BILLIARD; QUANTIZATION; SYSTEMS; RESONANCES; SYMMETRY; BREAKING AB We have measured resonance spectra in a superconducting microwave cavity with the shape of a three-dimensional generalized Bunimovich stadium billiard and analyzed their spectral fluctuation properties. The experimental length spectrum exhibits contributions from periodic orbits of nongeneric modes and from unstable periodic orbits of the underlying classical system. It is well reproduced by our theoretical calculations based on the trace formula derived by Balian and Duplantier for chaotic electromagnetic cavities. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Dietz, Barbara/B-4804-2014; OI Dietz, Barbara/0000-0002-8251-6531; Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 064101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.064101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600016 PM 12190582 ER PT J AU Fromer, NA Lai, CE Chemla, DS Perakis, IE Driscoll, D Gossard, AC AF Fromer, NA Lai, CE Chemla, DS Perakis, IE Driscoll, D Gossard, AC TI Dynamics of inter-Landau-level excitations of a two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL-RESPONSE; FERMI-EDGE SINGULARITY; MANY-BODY; SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETOEXCITONS; SIGNALS; DENSITY; WELL AB The femtosecond inter-Landau-level dynamics of a two-dimensional electron gas in a large magnetic field is investigated by degenerate four-wave mixing on modulation doped quantum wells. We observe a large transfer of oscillator strength to the lowest Landau level, and unusual dynamics due to Coulomb correlation. We interpret the effects using a model based on shakeup of the electron gas. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fromer, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Perakis, Ilias/G-9186-2011; Lai, Chih Wei/E-4945-2010 OI Lai, Chih Wei/0000-0003-3571-4671 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 067401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.067401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600043 PM 12190609 ER PT J AU Poblaguev, AA Appel, R Atoyan, GS Bassalleck, B Bergman, DR Cheung, N Dhawan, S Do, H Egger, J Eilerts, S Herold, W Issakov, VV Kaspar, H Kraus, DE Lazarus, DM Lichard, P Lowe, J Lozano, J Ma, H Majid, W Pislak, S Rehak, P Sher, A Thompson, JA Truol, P Zeller, ME AF Poblaguev, AA Appel, R Atoyan, GS Bassalleck, B Bergman, DR Cheung, N Dhawan, S Do, H Egger, J Eilerts, S Herold, W Issakov, VV Kaspar, H Kraus, DE Lazarus, DM Lichard, P Lowe, J Lozano, J Ma, H Majid, W Pislak, S Rehak, P Sher, A Thompson, JA Truol, P Zeller, ME TI Experimental study of the radiative decays K+->mu(+)nu e(+)e(-) and K+-> e(+)nu e(+)e(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; TENSOR; COUPLINGS; QUARK AB Experiment 865 at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron obtained 410 K+-->e(+)nue(+)e(-) and 2679 K+-->mu(+)nue(+)e(-) events including 10% and 19% background. The branching ratios were measured to be [2.48+/-0.14(stat)+/-0.14(syst)]x10(-8) (m(ee)>150 MeV) and (7.06+/-0.16+/-0.26)x10(-8) (m(ee)>145 MeV), respectively. Results for the decay form factors are presented. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Poblaguev, AA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7, Moscow 117312, Russia. RI Lichard, Peter/A-4459-2010 OI Lichard, Peter/0000-0003-1581-8545 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 061803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.061803 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600011 PM 12190577 ER PT J AU Ramirez, AP Shastry, BS Hayashi, A Krajewski, JJ Huse, DA Cava, RJ AF Ramirez, AP Shastry, BS Hayashi, A Krajewski, JJ Huse, DA Cava, RJ TI Multiple field-induced phase transitions in the geometrically frustrated dipolar magnet: Gd2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNET; ORDER AB Field-driven phase transitions generally arise from competition between Zeeman energy and exchange or crystal-field anisotropy. Here we present the phase diagram of a frustrated pyrochlore magnet Gd2Ti2O7, where crystal-field splitting is small compared to the dipolar energy. We find good agreement between zero-temperature critical fields and those obtained from a mean-field model. Here, dipolar interactions couple real space and spin space, so the transitions in Gd2Ti2O7 arise from field-induced "cooperative anisotropy," reflecting the broken spatial symmetries of the pyrochlore lattice. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Ramirez, AP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 067202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.067202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600042 PM 12190608 ER PT J AU Sandberg, N Magyari-Kope, B Mattsson, TR AF Sandberg, N Magyari-Kope, B Mattsson, TR TI Self-diffusion rates in Al from combined first-principles and model-potential calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; METALS; TRANSITION; ENERGY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; VACANCIES; SURFACES; SOLIDS; ATOMS AB Monovacancy diffusion alone dominates over diffusion due to divacancies and interstitials in Al for all temperatures up to the melting point. Deviations from a single Arrhenius dependence are due to anharmonicity. The conclusion is based on a combination of theoretical methods, from density functional theory to thermodynamic integration, without fitting to experimental data. The calculated diffusion rate agrees with experimental data over 11 orders of magnitude. C1 KTH SCFAB, Theory Mat, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP KTH SCFAB, Theory Mat, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 065901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.065901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600031 PM 12190597 ER PT J AU Sloutskin, E Gang, O Kraack, H Ocko, BM Sirota, EB Deutsch, M AF Sloutskin, E Gang, O Kraack, H Ocko, BM Sirota, EB Deutsch, M TI Demixing transition in a quasi-two-dimensional surface-frozen layer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID NORMAL-ALKANES; CHAIN MOLECULES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; FILMS; MONOLAYERS; RIGIDITY; MIXTURES; ACIDS; NEAT AB A thin/thick transition was observed by x-ray reflectivity in a surface-frozen crystalline bilayer on the surface of a molten binary mixture of long alcohols. This rare example of a solid-solid phase transition in a quasi-2D system is shown to result from an abrupt temperature-driven change in the layer's composition, kinetically enabled by the layer's ability to exchange molecules with the underlying 3D liquid bulk. Mean-field thermodynamics yields a Gibbs-adsorption-like expression which accounts very well for the transition. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Deutsch, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RI Sirota, Eric/A-7633-2009 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 065501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.065501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600028 PM 12190594 ER PT J AU Smith, RF Dunn, J Nilsen, J Shlyaptsev, VN Moon, S Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Hunter, JR Barbee, TW AF Smith, RF Dunn, J Nilsen, J Shlyaptsev, VN Moon, S Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Hunter, JR Barbee, TW TI Picosecond x-ray laser interferometry of dense plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT GAIN; TABLETOP AB We present the first results from picosecond interferometry of dense laser-produced plasmas using a soft x-ray laser. The picosecond duration and short wavelength of the 14.7 nm Ni-like Pd laser mitigates effects associated with motion blurring and refraction through millimeter-scale plasmas. This enables direct measurement of the electron-density profile to within 10space 13mum of the target surface. A series of high-quality two-dimensional (2D) density measurements provide unambiguous characterization of the time evolution in a fast-evolving plasma suitable for validation of existing 1D and 2D hydrodynamic codes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis Livermore, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Phys, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Smith, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 065004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.065004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600026 PM 12190592 ER PT J AU Streiffer, SK Eastman, JA Fong, DD Thompson, C Munkholm, A Murty, MVR Auciello, O Bai, GR Stephenson, GB AF Streiffer, SK Eastman, JA Fong, DD Thompson, C Munkholm, A Murty, MVR Auciello, O Bai, GR Stephenson, GB TI Observation of nanoscale 180 degrees stripe domains in ferroelectric PbTiO3 thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT APPEARANCE; SURFACE; POLARIZATION; PATTERN; FATIGUE; LAYERS AB We report the observation of periodic 180degrees stripe domains below the ferroelectric transition in thin films. Epitaxial PbTiO3 films of thickness d=1.6 to 42 nm on SrTiO3 substrates were studied using x-ray scattering. Upon cooling below T-C, satellites appeared around Bragg peaks indicating the presence of 180degrees stripe domains of period Lambda=3.7 to 24 nm. The dependence of Lambda on d agrees well with theory including epitaxial strain effects, while the suppression of T-C for thinner films is significantly larger than that expected solely from stripe domains. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Lumileds Lighting, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. RP Streiffer, SK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011 NR 26 TC 314 Z9 317 U1 17 U2 133 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 067601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.067601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600044 PM 12190610 ER PT J AU Ulmer, PE Aniol, KA Arenhovel, H Chen, JP Chudakov, E Crovelli, D Finn, JM Fissum, KG Gayou, O Gomez, J Hansen, JO de Jager, CW Jeschonnek, S Jones, MK Kuss, M LeRose, JJ Liang, M Lindgren, RA Malov, S Meekins, D Michaels, R Mitchell, J Perdrisat, CF Punjabi, V Roche, R Sabatie, F Saha, A Suleiman, R Todor, L Wojtsekhowski, BB AF Ulmer, PE Aniol, KA Arenhovel, H Chen, JP Chudakov, E Crovelli, D Finn, JM Fissum, KG Gayou, O Gomez, J Hansen, JO de Jager, CW Jeschonnek, S Jones, MK Kuss, M LeRose, JJ Liang, M Lindgren, RA Malov, S Meekins, D Michaels, R Mitchell, J Perdrisat, CF Punjabi, V Roche, R Sabatie, F Saha, A Suleiman, R Todor, L Wojtsekhowski, BB TI H-2(e,e ' p)n reaction at high recoil momenta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCLUSIVE DEUTERON ELECTRODISINTEGRATION; NUCLEON-NUCLEON-INTERACTION; DELTA-RESONANCE REGION; POLARIZED ELECTRONS; D(E,E'P)N REACTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; GEV ENERGIES; TRANSVERSE; TARGET; COINCIDENCE AB The 2H(e,e(')p)n cross section was measured in Hall A of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility near the top of the quasielastic peak (x(Bj)=0.964) at a four-momentum transfer squared, Q(2)=0.665 (GeV/c) (2) (omega=0.368 GeV, W=2.057 GeV), and for recoil momenta up to 550 MeV/c. The measured cross section deviates by 1-2sigma from a state-of-the-art calculation at low recoil momenta. At high recoil momenta the cross section is well described by the same calculation; however, in this region, final-state interactions and interaction currents are predicted to be large, and alternative choices of nucleon-nucleon potential and nucleon current operator may result in significant spread in the calculations. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Univ Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Lund Univ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Aubiere, France. Ohio State Univ, Lima, OH 45804 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Ulmer, PE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RI Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015 OI Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 062301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.062301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600012 PM 12190578 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX Martin, I Bishop, AR AF Zhu, JX Martin, I Bishop, AR TI Spin and charge order around vortices and impurities in high-T-c superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; PHASE-SEPARATION; LOCAL MOMENTS; NMR PROBE; VORTEX; MODEL; MAGNETISM; STATES; CORE AB A comparative study is made for the spin and charge structure around superconducting vortices and unitary impurities, by solving self-consistently an effective Hamiltonian including interactions for both antiferromagnetic spin-density wave (SDW) and d-wave superconducting orderings. Around vortices, we show the induction of an SDW two-dimensionally modulated with a period of eight lattice constants (8a(0)) and an associated charge-density wave (CDW) with a period of 4a(0), which explains very well recent experimental observations. In the case of unitary impurities, an SDW modulation with identical periodicity, but without an associated CDW, is also predicted. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 6 AR 067003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.067003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 576MT UT WOS:000177009600038 PM 12190604 ER PT J AU Nelson, AJ Reynolds, JG Roos, JW AF Nelson, AJ Reynolds, JG Roos, JW TI Comprehensive characterization of engine deposits from fuel containing MMT (R) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mn-phosphate; Ca-sulfate; composition; bulk; antiknock; fuel; combustion chamber deposits ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MANGANESE COMPLEXES; SATELLITES; MN AB Combustion chamber deposits from a 1996 GM3800 engine operating on a base fuel or the base fuel containing the organometallic antiknock additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl were examined. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis were performed to identify the morphology and the bulk chemical composition. Glow-Discharge Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Diffraction analyses were also used to characterize the bulk chemical composition and crystalline structure of the deposits. In addition, X-ray photoemission and X-ray photoabsorption spectra for the deposits were compared to a series of Mn compounds to model and aid quantification of the constituents. Results reveal a mixture of Ca-sulfate, Mn-phosphate and Mn-oxide in the bulk of the deposits and a mixture of Mn-sulfate, Mn-phosphate and Mn-oxide on the surface of the deposits. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Chem Eng Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Enhyl Corp, Richmond, VA 23217 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Chem Eng Div, 700 E Ave L-370, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 5 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 205 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00093-1 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00093-1 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 583FB UT WOS:000177395000014 PM 12186287 ER PT J AU Curtis, RA Steinbrecher, C Heinemann, A Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM AF Curtis, RA Steinbrecher, C Heinemann, A Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM TI Hydrophobic forces between protein molecules in aqueous solutions of concentrated electrolyte SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE intermolecular interactions; potentials of mean force; lysozyme; salting-out; salts; hydrophobic effect ID 2ND VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; SOLVATION ENERGY; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SOLUBILITY; LYSOZYME; BINDING; WATER; BEHAVIOR; AREA; PH AB Protein-protein interactions have been measured for a mutant (D101F) lysozyme and for native lysozyme in concentrated solutions of ammonium sulfate at pH 7 and sodium chloride at pH 4.5. In the mutant lysozyme, a surface aspartate residue has been replaced with a hydrophobic phenylalanine residue. The protein-protein interactions of D101F lysozyme are more attractive than those of native lysozyme for all conditions studied. The salt-induced attraction is correlated with a solvation potential of mean force given by the work required to desolvate the part of the protein surfaces that is buried by the protein-protein interaction. This work is proportional to the aqueous surface-tension increment of the salt and the fractional non-polar surface coverage of the protein. Experimental measurements of osmotic second virial coefficients validate a proposed potential of mean force that ascribes the salt-induced attraction between protein molecules to an enhancement of the hydrophobic attraction. This model provides a first approximation for predicting the protein-protein potential of mean force in concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions; this potential is useful for determining solution conditions favorable for protein crystallization. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blanch, HW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD AUG 2 PY 2002 VL 98 IS 3 BP 249 EP 265 AR PII S0301-4622(02)00071-6 DI 10.1016/S0301-4622(02)00071-6 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 581CX UT WOS:000177274500002 PM 12128178 ER PT J AU Guiochon, G AF Guiochon, G TI Preparative liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Application of Theory to the Practice and Understanding of Chromatography CY JUN 13-15, 2001 CL ELLECOM, NETHERLANDS DE reviews; preparative liquid chromatography; non-linear chromatography; theory of chromatography; models of chromatography; industrial chromatography ID SIMULATED MOVING-BED; COUNTERCURRENT ADSORPTION SEPARATION; CRAIG DISTRIBUTION MODEL; ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; COLUMN RADIAL HETEROGENEITY; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; PERFORMANCE DISPLACEMENT CHROMATOGRAPHY; AXIAL-COMPRESSION COLUMNS; TRANSFER RATE COEFFICIENT; SHOCK LAYER THEORY AB The status of the theory and the main methods of implementation of preparative liquid chromatography are reviewed. On the theory front, the focus has recently shifted. The theory of non-linear, non-ideal chromatography has given rise to numerous models whose advantages, disadvantages and ranges of application are now well understood. Interest now resides in investigating the equilibrium thermodynamics of complex new systems, in the study of the kinetics of mass transfers in conventional chromatographic systems, and in the application of the various models of chromatography to optimize the experimental conditions. Progress in computer technology allows the use of sophisticated models, provided their parameters can be measured. This allows the detailed investigation of separations for which the mass transfer kinetics is slow such as chiral separations, the purification of basic compounds, and the extraction of recombinant proteins. On the applied front, in addition to numerous incremental improvements in reliability and economic performance, a few essential new features should be noted, i.e. the availability of instruments for simulated moving bed separations at the scale needed for preparative chiral separations, the use of expanded beds for the extraction of recombinant proteins from fermentation broths, and the attention given to improvements in the performance of packed beds. A survey of the literature dealing with practical applications and recent meetings shows that preparative chromatography is becoming a well established separation and purification method in the pharmaceutical industry. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 146 TC 196 Z9 204 U1 12 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 2 PY 2002 VL 965 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 161 AR PII S0021-9673(01)01471-6 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01471-6 PG 33 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 588KY UT WOS:000177701700012 PM 12236522 ER PT J AU Perlow, RA Kolbanovskii, A Hingerty, BE Geacintov, NE Broyde, S Scicchitano, DA AF Perlow, RA Kolbanovskii, A Hingerty, BE Geacintov, NE Broyde, S Scicchitano, DA TI DNA adducts from a tumorigenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene block human RNA polymerase II elongation in a sequence- and stereochemistry-dependent manner SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transcription; RNA polymerase II; benzo[a]pyrene; DNA adduct stereochemistry; transcription junction structure ID CYCLOBUTANE PYRIMIDINE DIMER; NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; (+)-ANTI-BENZOPYRENE DIOL EPOXIDE; TRANSCRIPTION ELONGATION; IN-VITRO; SOLUTION CONFORMATION; PREFERENTIAL REPAIR; COCKAYNE-SYNDROME; MODIFIED DEOXYGUANOSINE; TRANSLESIONAL SYNTHESIS AB Many carcinogens exert their cancer-causing effects by reacting with DNA either directly or following metabolic activation, resulting in covalently linked combination molecules known as carcinogen-DNA adducts. The presence of such lesions in the genome increases the error frequency of the replication machinery, causing mutations that contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. Cellular DNA repair pathways remove carcinogen adducts from DNA, thus averting the mutagenic potential of many DNA lesions by reducing their presence in the genome. Bulky DNA adducts, like those derived from a number of activated,, environmental carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, (PAHs), are primarily repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER) preferentially removes lesions from the transcribed strand of actively expressed genes, and RNA polymerase 11 stalled at the lesion quite possibly initiates the pathway. Among the bulky DNA adducts that are subject to TC-NER are those resulting from the reaction of the metabolically activated PAH benzo[a]-pyrene (BP) with DNA. The P450 mixed-function oxygenases convert BP into a number of reactive intermediates, including tumorigenic (+)- and non-tumorigenic (-)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) that react with DNA via trans epoxide opening to form (+)-trans-anti-[BP]-N-2-dG ((+)-ta[BP]G) and (-)-trans-anti-[BP]-N-2-dG ((-)-ta[BP]G), respectively. To test the effect of these lesions on RNA synthesis, in vitro transcription assays using human nuclear extracts were performed with DNA templates containing an RNAPII promoter and a stereochemically pure (+)- or (-)-ta[BP]G adduct on the transcribed or non-transcribed strand. Transcription past (+)- or (-)-ta[BP]G adducts was investigated in the same sequence context to examine stereochemical effects. The (+)ta[BP]G adduct was investigated in two different local sequence contexts to determine if the surrounding bases influence the adduct's ability to block transcription. These experiments revealed that (+)- and (-)ta[BP]G adducts on the transcribed strand of the DNA template block RNAPII in a sequence and stereochemistry-dependent manner; however, adducts on the non-transcribed strand do not block elongation significantly but may increase pausing at innate pause sites. In order to elucidate biologically influential differences between the (+)- and (-)-ta[BP]G structures, the DUPLEX program was used to carry out potential energy minimization searches at model transcription junctions. The lowest-energy minimum for the (+)-ta[BP]G adduct gives a structure in which the benzo[a]pyrenyl ring system resides in the minor groove of the heteroduplex region. In contrast, the lowest-energy minimum for a (-)-ta[BP]G adduct shows an orientation in which the benzo[a]pyrenyl group adopts a carcinogen /base-stacked conformation. These conformational preferences may contribute to the differential treatment of (+)and (-)-ta[BP]G adducts by human RNAPII. In addition, while previous experiments showed that BPDE adducts cause T7RNAP to produce a ladder of truncated transcripts, RNAPII is blocked entirely at only one or two positions by the (+)- and (-)-ta[BP]G adducts, depending on sequence context. It is likely that these differences between the behaviors of T7RNAP and human RNAPII are a result of the structural characteristics of the enzymes' active sites, a hypothesis that is explored in light of their known crystal structures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Scicchitano, DA (reprint author), NYU, Dept Biol, 100 Washington Sq E,Mail Code 5181, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI kolbanovskiy, aleksandr/I-7278-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA28038, CA76660]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10581] NR 76 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD AUG 2 PY 2002 VL 321 IS 1 BP 29 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00593-4 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 584GU UT WOS:000177459500004 PM 12139931 ER PT J AU Chambers, SA Droubay, T Jennison, DR Mattsson, TR AF Chambers, SA Droubay, T Jennison, DR Mattsson, TR TI Laminar growth of ultrathin metal films on metal oxides: Co on hydroxylated alpha-Al2O3(0001) SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; 0001 SURFACE; ADSORPTION; DYNAMICS; ENERGY; ADHESION; CU(111); ALUMINA; RHODIUM; AL2O3 AB Metals deposited in vacuum on metal oxides such as alumina normally grow as three-dimensional clusters because of weak adatom-substrate interactions. This tendency hinders our ability to form interfaces of ultrathin, laminar metal films on oxides for use in microelectronics and other technologies where nanostructural control is desired. We present experimental and theoretical results showing that room temperature Co deposition on fully hydroxylated clean sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) produces a surface chemical reaction that leads to laminar growth, despite a large mismatch in lattice constants. This process should be applicable to a wide range of metals and metal oxides. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSK8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sa.chambers@pnl.gov RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009; Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 NR 35 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 2 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5582 BP 827 EP 831 DI 10.1126/science.1073404 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 579RZ UT WOS:000177192800048 PM 12161651 ER PT J AU Shiflet, GJ Hackenberg, RE AF Shiflet, GJ Hackenberg, RE TI Partitioning and the growth of bainite SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID FERRITE ALLOTRIOMORPHS; MORPHOLOGY; ALLOY; TRANSFORMATION; KINETICS; STEEL; MN C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shiflet, GJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD AUG 2 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 163 EP 167 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00123-9 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00123-9 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 587ZB UT WOS:000177673300006 ER PT J AU Langan, P Mason, SA Myles, D Schoenborn, BP AF Langan, P Mason, SA Myles, D Schoenborn, BP TI Structural characterization of crystals of alpha-glycine during anomalous electrical behaviour SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; GAMMA-GLYCINE; TEMPERATURE AB The crystal structure of alpha-glycine has been investigated in the temperature range 288-427 K using neutron diffraction. The molecular structure does not change significantly and the putative crystallographic phase transition associated with anomalous electrical behaviour in this temperature range is not observed. The unit cell expands anisotropically with increasing temperature, with the unique monoclinic b axis, corresponding to the stacking direction of molecular layers, changing the most. The increasing separation of antiferroelectric molecular layers with increasing temperature is driven by an increase in molecular libration about an axis that lies perpendicular to the b axis. There is also a weakening of the interlayer hydrogen bonds with temperature. These structural and dynamic changes will affect the response of molecular dipoles to an applied electric field and provide a possible mechanism for the anomalous electrical behaviour. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. European Mol Biol Lab, Outstn, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Langan, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI mason, sax /E-6738-2011; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; myles, dean/D-5860-2016 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964 NR 19 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7681 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR B JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B-Struct. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 BP 728 EP 733 DI 10.1107/S0108768102004263 PN 4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 578NK UT WOS:000177124200020 PM 12149564 ER PT J AU Sevcik, J Lamzin, VS Dauter, Z Wilson, KS AF Sevcik, J Lamzin, VS Dauter, Z Wilson, KS TI Atomic resolution data reveal flexibility in the structure of RNase Sa SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RIBONUCLEASE SA; STREPTOMYCES-AUREOFACIENS; REFINEMENT; COMPLEX; MOLSCRIPT; PROTEINS AB Ribonuclease from Streptomyces aureofaciens, the bacterial source for the industrial production of chlorotetracycline, is a guanylate endoribonuclease (RNase Sa; EC 3.1.27.3) which hydrolyses the phosphodiester bonds of single-stranded RNA at the 3'-side of guanosine nucleotides with high specificity. The structure of the enzyme was previously refined at atomic resolution (1.2 Angstrom) using room-temperature data. Here, the RNase Sa structure refined against 1.0 Angstrom data collected at cryogenic temperature is reported. There are two surface loops in molecule A and one in molecule B for which two main-chain conformations are modelled: these loops contain active-site residues. The separation for most of the corresponding main-chain atoms in the two conformations is about 0.8 Angstrom, with a maximum of 2.5 Angstrom. The two regions of dual conformation represent the most important differences in comparison with the structure determined at room temperature, where the corresponding loops have one conformation only but the largest degree of anisotropy. The flexibility of the loops observed in the structure of RNase Sa is directly linked to the need for the active site to interact productively with substrates and/or inhibitors. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mol Biol, Bratislava 84251, Slovakia. European Mol Biol Lab, Hamburg Outstn, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ York, Struct Biol Lab, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Sevcik, J (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mol Biol, Dubravska Cesta 21, Bratislava 84251, Slovakia. OI Lamzin, Victor/0000-0002-6058-7793 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 BP 1307 EP 1313 DI 10.1107/S0907444902010090 PN 8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 583QG UT WOS:000177418800008 PM 12136142 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Kim, Y Park, KW Webster, DA Howard, AJ AF Kim, KJ Kim, Y Park, KW Webster, DA Howard, AJ TI Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the soluble domain of the Na+-pumping cytochrome bo quinol oxidase from Vitreoscilla SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UBIQUINOL OXIDASE; COMPLEX; BINDING AB The 24 kDa CyoA soluble domain of Vitreoscilla cytochrome bo quinol oxidase, which pumps out Na+ during respiration, has been crystallized from a solution of 2 M ammonium sulfate and 5% 2-propanol. The crystal belongs to cubic space group P4(3)32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = c = 122.2 Angstrom, alpha = beta = gamma = 90degrees and one subunit in the asymmetric unit. A 99.8% complete data set to 3.3 Angstrom has been collected at the 17-ID beamline of the Advanced Photon Source. The structure was determined by molecular replacement and refinement is in progress. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, IMCA CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Howard, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, IMCA CAT, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, IMCACAT/D-5867-2014 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 BP 1329 EP 1331 DI 10.1107/S0907444902006170 PN 8 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 583QG UT WOS:000177418800011 PM 12136145 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Howard, AJ AF Kim, KJ Howard, AJ TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the trigonal crystal form of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase I: evidence for the existence of Zn ions in the crystal SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION AB Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase I crystallized as trigonal plates using 20% 2-propanol and 20% PEG 4000 in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer pH 5.6 in the presence of 1 mM NAD(+). The crystals diffract to 3.0 Angstrom resolution and belong to the trigonal space group P3(1)21 or P3(2)21, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 146.3, c = 68.1 Angstrom, alpha = beta = 90, gamma = 120degrees. X-ray data were collected from frozen crystals at the 17-ID beamline of the Advanced Photon Source. A Zn fluorescence scan of the crystal produced a peak at 9671.6 eV, suggesting the existence of Zn ions in the crystal. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, IMCA CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, CSRRI, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Howard, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, IMCA CAT, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, IMCACAT/D-5867-2014 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 BP 1332 EP 1334 DI 10.1107/S0907444902007953 PN 8 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 583QG UT WOS:000177418800012 PM 12136146 ER PT J AU Moldovan, D Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Haslam, AJ AF Moldovan, D Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Haslam, AJ TI Role of grain rotation during grain growth in a columnar microstructure by mesoscale simulation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain growths; grain rotation; grain coalescence ID DIMENSIONAL SOAP FROTH; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; BOUNDARY ENERGIES; 2 DIMENSIONS; MODEL; FILMS; CREEP AB We use a mesoscopic simulation approach to study the coupling and competition between grain-boundary-curvature driven and grain-rotation-coalescence induced grain growth in a <001> textured columnar microstructure. The well-known variational formulation for the total dissipated power, due to Needleman and Rice, provides the formal basis for our two-dimensional simulations. A stochastic velocity Monte-Carlo algorithm is used to minimize the functional in each time step. The competition between grain-boundary migration and grain rotation introduces a physical length scale, R-c, into the system, enabling the growth process to be characterized by two regimes. If the average grain size is smaller than R-c, as is the case in nanocrystalline materials, grain growth is dominated by the grain-rotation-coalescence mechanism. By contrast. if the average grain size is greater than R-c, then growth is dominated by curvature-driven grain-boundary migration. The growth exponents characterizing the power-law time dependence of the average grain size are different for the two growth regimes. An extended von Neumann-Mullins relation, based on averaged grain-boundary properties, is further extended to include the effect of grain rotations. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Moldovan, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Bldg 212, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 46 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 13 BP 3397 EP 3414 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00153-2 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00153-2 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 586AH UT WOS:000177559400009 ER PT J AU Voytovych, R MacLaren, I Gulgun, MA Cannon, RM Ruhle, M AF Voytovych, R MacLaren, I Gulgun, MA Cannon, RM Ruhle, M TI The effect of yttrium on densification and grain growth in alpha-alumina SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE sintering; grain growth; kinetics; ceramics; alumina ID TEMPERATURE CREEP RESISTANCE; SELF-DIFFUSION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; DOPED ALUMINA; ALPHA-AL2O3; AL2O3; SEGREGATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; BOUNDARIES AB The grain growth and densification have been investigated in very high-purity alpha-alumina doped with varying amounts of yttrium (0 to 3000 wt ppm of yttria) and sintered in air at 1450, 1550 and 1650 degreesC. Yttrium doping inhibited densification and coarsening at 1450 degreesC but had very little effect at 1550 degreesC and no effect at 1650 degreesC. The change in densification behaviour is suggested to be related to the transition with increasing temperature from grain boundary diffusion to lattice diffusion controlled densification. The coarsening rate increases faster with temperature than the densification rate. This was correlated with a higher measured activation energy for grain growth than for the diffusion processes, which control the densification. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Metallforsch, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. Sabanci Univ, TR-81474 Istanbul, Turkey. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP MacLaren, I (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Metallforsch, Seestr 92, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany. RI MacLaren, Ian/C-1773-2010 OI MacLaren, Ian/0000-0002-5334-3010 NR 32 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 13 BP 3453 EP 3463 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00159-3 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00159-3 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 586AH UT WOS:000177559400013 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Mora, F Goretta, KC Majumdar, S Routbort, JL Grimdisch, M Dominguez-Rodriguez, A AF Gutierrez-Mora, F Goretta, KC Majumdar, S Routbort, JL Grimdisch, M Dominguez-Rodriguez, A TI Influence of internal stresses in superplastic joining of zirconia toughened alumina SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE residual stresses; finite-element analysis; plasticity; joining ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; INDENTATION; COMPOSITES; CERAMICS; MECHANISMS AB Joints between various compositions of 3 mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2/Al2O3 composites have been produced by superplastic flow at 1350 degreesC and strain rates of 1x10(-5) s(-1). The joints are pore free and Vickers indentation induced cracks indicate that the joints are strong. The cracks have been used to measure residual stresses, which can be modified by using an interlayer between the materials to be joined. The results agree well with those obtained by finite-element analysis. Ruby fluorescence has been used to measure the hydrostatic stress. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sevilla, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Seville 41080, Spain. RP Routbort, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015; OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163; Dominguez-Rodriguez, Arturo/0000-0003-1598-5669 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 13 BP 3475 EP 3486 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00161-1 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00161-1 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 586AH UT WOS:000177559400015 ER PT J AU Lu, ZP Liu, CT AF Lu, ZP Liu, CT TI A new glass-forming ability criterion for bulk metallic glasses SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE casting; metallic glasses; differential thermal analysis; glass-forming ability; order-disorder phenomena ID CRITICAL COOLING RATE; DIE-CASTING METHOD; TI-BE-SYSTEM; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; BRIDGMAN SOLIDIFICATION; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-STABILITY; ZR; DIAMETER AB A new indicator of glass-forming ability (GFA) for bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is proposed based on crystallization processes during cooling and reheating of the supercooled liquid. The interrelationship between this new parameter and the critical cooling rate or critical section thickness is elaborated and discussed in comparison with two other representatives, i.e. reduced glass transition temperature T-rg (= T-g/T-l, where T-g and T-l are the glass transition temperature and liquidus temperature, respectively) and supercooled liquid range DeltaT(xg) (= T-x-T-g, where T-x is the onset crystallization temperature and T-g the glass transition temperature). Our results have shown that DeltaT(xg) alone cannot infer relative GFA for BMGs while the new parameter gamma, defined as T-x/(T-g + T-l), has a much better interrelationship with GFA than T-rg. An approximation of the critical cooling rate and critical section thickness for glass formation in bulk metallic glasses is also formulated and evaluated. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liuct@ornl.gov RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009; OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 56 TC 767 Z9 821 U1 27 U2 213 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 13 BP 3501 EP 3512 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00166-0 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00166-0 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 586AH UT WOS:000177559400017 ER PT J AU Jones-Oliveira, JB Fischer, HR AF Jones-Oliveira, JB Fischer, HR TI Absolute and uniform convergence of alternate forms of the prolate spheroidal radial wave functions SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB A new orthonormal basis set representation of the prolate spheroidal radial and angular wave functions is presented. The embedded series solutions to a fully-coupled fluid-solid interaction continuum physics problem is defined by product sets of Legendre polynomials and modified spherical Bessel functions of the first and third kinds. We prove that the embedded series solutions analytically converge absolutely and uniformly to the exact solutions of the system of coupled continuum equations. The satisfaction of the bilinear concomitant and its utility in establishing the convergence proofs is demonstrated, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Theory Modeling & Simulat Grp, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Jones-Oliveira, JB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Theory Modeling & Simulat Grp, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0196-8858 J9 ADV APPL MATH JI Adv. Appl. Math. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2 BP 311 EP 327 AR PII S0196-8858(02)00015-5 DI 10.1016/S0196-8858(02)00015-5 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 598WJ UT WOS:000178299200009 ER PT J AU Ginn, TR Wood, BD Nelson, KE Scheibe, TD Murphy, EM Clement, TP AF Ginn, TR Wood, BD Nelson, KE Scheibe, TD Murphy, EM Clement, TP TI Processes in microbial transport in the natural subsurface SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE microbial transport; bioremediation; groundwater; microbe-surface interactions; upscaling ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BIOLOGICALLY REACTING SOLUTES; GENERALIZED EXPOSURE TIME; ALLUVIAL GRAVEL AQUIFER; CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER; SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; BACTERIAL ADHESION; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; IN-SITU; MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURES AB This is a review of physical, chemical, and biological processes governing microbial transport in the saturated subsurface. We begin with the conceptual models of the biophase that underlie mathematical descriptions of these processes and the physical processes that provide the framework for recent focus on less understood processes. Novel conceptual models of the interactions between cell surface structures and other surfaces are introduced, that are more realistic than the oft-relied upon DLVO theory of colloid stability. Biological processes reviewed include active adhesion/detachment (cell partitioning between aqueous and solid phase initiated by cell metabolism) and chemotaxis (motility in response to chemical gradients). We also discuss mathematical-issues involved in upscaling results from the cell scale to the Darcy and field scales. Finally, recent studies at the Oyster, Virginia field site are discussed in terms of relating laboratory results to field scale problems of bioremediation and pathogen transport in the natural subsurface. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oregon State Univ, Div Civil Construct & Enivornm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Western Australia, Dept Environm Engn, Water Res Ctr, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP Ginn, TR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008; Nelson, Kirk/A-8809-2009; Wood, Brian/K-4025-2012; Wood, Brian/J-8362-2013 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772; Wood, Brian/0000-0003-3152-7852; Wood, Brian/0000-0003-3152-7852 NR 191 TC 164 Z9 167 U1 8 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD AUG-DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8-12 BP 1017 EP 1042 AR PII S0309-1708(02)00046-5 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00046-5 PG 26 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 629VW UT WOS:000180073300007 ER PT J AU Lo, WC Sposito, G Majer, E AF Lo, WC Sposito, G Majer, E TI Immiscible two-phase fluid flows in deformable porous media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC-WAVE PROPAGATION; 2-PHASE FLOW; CONSTITUTIVE THEORY; DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; EQUATIONS; POROELASTICITY; THERMODYNAMICS; STIMULATION; SATURATION; INTERFACES AB Macroscopic differential equations of mass and momentum balance for two immiscible fluids in a deformable porous medium are derived in an Eulerian framework using the continuum theory of mixtures. After inclusion of constitutive relationships, the resulting momentum balance equations feature terms characterizing the coupling among the fluid phases and the solid matrix caused by their relative accelerations. These terms, which imply a number of interesting phenomena, do not appear in current hydrologic models of subsurface multiphase flow. Our equations of momentum balance are shown to reduce to the Berryman-Thigpen-Chen model of bulk elastic wave propagation through unsaturated porous media after simplification (e.g., isothermal conditions, neglect of gravity, etc.) and under the assumption of constant volume fractions and material densities. When specialized to the case of a porous medium containing a single fluid and an elastic solid, our momentum balance equations reduce to the well-known Biot model of poroelasticity. We also show that mass balance alone is sufficient to derive the Biot model stress-strain relations, provided that a closure condition for porosity change suggested by de la Cruz and Spanos is invoked. Finally, a relation between elastic parameters and inertial coupling coefficients is derived that permits the partial differential equations of the Biot model to be decoupled into a telegraph equation and a wave equation whose respective dependent variables are two different linear combinations of the dilatations of the solid and the fluid. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Geophys & Geomech, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Geophys & Geomech, Hilgard Hall 3110, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gsposito@nature.berkeley.edu NR 49 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD AUG-DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8-12 BP 1105 EP 1117 AR PII S0309-1708(02)00050-7 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00050-7 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 629VW UT WOS:000180073300011 ER PT J AU Martinez-Alonso, S Rustad, JR Goetz, AFH AF Martinez-Alonso, S Rustad, JR Goetz, AFH TI Ab initio quantum mechanical modeling of infrared vibrational frequencies of the OH group in dioctahedral phyllosilicates. Part I: Methods, results and comparison to experimental data SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; BASIS-SETS; OCTAHEDRAL SHEET; ROW ATOMS; SPECTRA; SUBSTITUTION; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM; STATE AB The infrared (IR) spectra of small clusters of atoms ([MM'(OH)(2)] and [MM'(OH)(2)(H2O)(6)], where M, M' = Al3+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+) mimicking the environment of the OH group in dioctahedral phyllosilicates have been modeled using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. These modeling results are relevant to establishing the connections between IR spectra of phyllositicates and their composition, and to investigate the utility of quantum mechanical models for calculating IR frequencies of minerals. This study focused on the OH stretch and in-plane bend fundamentals, because they give rise to a combination band near 4545 cm(-1) (2.2 mum) that can be observed in imaging spectrometer or hyperspectral remote sensing data. A comparison among results obtained using both ab initio [Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT)], and semi-empirical [PM3(tm)] methods, showed that the DFT model approaches IR frequency experimental values most closely. IR spectra of phyllosilicates were modeled using the DFT method. The modeled frequencies were scaled using a mode-dependent linear transformation, and experimental frequencies were reproduced satisfactorily. The modeling results show that most of the variability observed in the OH in-plane bend fundamental of dioctahedral phyllosilicates can be explained by the effects of neighboring octahedral cations alone. Discrepancies between modeling and experimental results in the case of the OH stretch point to the existence of factors other than the nature of the neighboring octahedral cations, such as tetrahedral substitution, affecting this fundamental mode. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ctr Study Earth Space, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Martinez-Alonso, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM martinas@lasp.colorado.edu RI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/D-8594-2011 OI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/0000-0001-5185-8670 NR 70 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X EI 1945-3027 J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 87 IS 8-9 BP 1215 EP 1223 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 583UX UT WOS:000177429600021 ER PT J AU Martinez-Alonso, S Rustad, JR Goetz, AFH AF Martinez-Alonso, S Rustad, JR Goetz, AFH TI Ab initio quantum mechanical modeling of infrared vibrational frequencies of the OH group in dioctahedral phyllosilicates. Part II: Main physical factors governing the OH vibrations SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; REFINED RELATIONSHIPS; STRETCHING REGION; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALS; SMECTITES; MICAS; IR AB The physical factors responsible for the variability observed in OH infrared (IR) fundamentals in dioctahedral phyllosilicates, due to octahedral substitution of Al3+ by Mg2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+, are discussed here. The data analyzed consist of experimental frequencies as well as frequencies modeled using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The charge of the octahedral cations surrounding the OH is one of the main factors affecting both the OH stretch and the in-plane bend; cationic electronegativity and ionic radius play important roles in the stretch and bend modes, respectively. The mass of the octahedral cations does not affect the OH fundamental vibrations. The nature of the octahedral cations alone can explain most of the variability observed in the OH in-plane bend, making this fundamental vibration the most suitable for assessing octahedral composition. Discrepancies between modeled and experimental OH stretch frequencies indicate the existence of other factors governing this fundamental vibration. Further DFT calculations indicate that apical O atoms of the tetrahedral sheet with unsatisfied charges due to octahedral and/or tetrahedral substitutions can explain these discrepancies. The modeling results are utilized to predict the frequency of the OH stretch and in-plane-bend combination band that occurs near 4545 cm(-1) (2.2 mum) in phyllosilicates. This band can be observed in imaging spectrometer data, allowing for the detection and analysis of phyllosilicates and other minerals in large natural systems. The modeling results confirm that the variability observed in the combination band of dioctahedral phyllosilicates reflects octahedral and, to a certain degree, tetrahedral composition, but not interlayer composition. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Ctr Study Earth Space, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Martinez-Alonso, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/D-8594-2011 OI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/0000-0001-5185-8670 NR 45 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 87 IS 8-9 BP 1224 EP 1234 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 583UX UT WOS:000177429600022 ER PT J AU Peng, RD Hengartner, NW AF Peng, RD Hengartner, NW TI Quantitative analysis of literary styles SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE authorship; canonical discriminant analysis; data visualization; function words; high-dimensional data; principal component analysis AB Writers are often viewed as having an inherent style that can serve as a literary fingerprint. By quantifying relevant features related to literary style, one may hope to classify written works and even attribute authorship to newly discovered texts. Beyond its intrinsic interest, the study of literary styles presents the opportunity to introduce and motivate many standard multivariate statistical techniques. Today the statistical analysis of literary styles is made much simpler by the wealth of real data readily available from the Internet. This article presents an overview and brief history of the analysis of literary styles. In addition we use canonical discriminant analyis and principal component analysis to identify structure in the data and distinguish authorship. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Peng, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 56 IS 3 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1198/000313002100 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 577JP UT WOS:000177058000003 ER PT J AU Xu, XH Thundat, TG Brown, GM Ji, HF AF Xu, XH Thundat, TG Brown, GM Ji, HF TI Detection of Hg2+ using microcantilever sensors SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; INDUCED SURFACE STRESS; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; GOLD; CANTILEVERS; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODES; MERCURY AB Trace amounts of Hg2+ are detected by using a microcantilever coated with gold. The microcantilever undergoes bending due to accumulation of Hg2+ on the gold surface. It is found that a concentration of 10(-11) M Hg2+ can be detected using this technology. Other cations, such as K+, Na+ Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Ca2+ have little or no effect on the deflection of the cantilever. The selectivity of the Hg2+ sensor could be improved by coating the gold surface of microcantilever with a self-assembled monolayer of a long-chain thiol compound. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Chem Program, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Thundat, TG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 15 BP 3611 EP 3615 AR UNSP AC0255781 DI 10.1021/ac0255781 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 580MW UT WOS:000177239200014 PM 12175144 ER PT J AU Wei, W Yeung, ES AF Wei, W Yeung, ES TI On-line concentration of proteins and peptides in capillary zone electrophoresis with an etched porous joint SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; ISOTACHOPHORETIC PRECONCENTRATION; ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; ONLINE PRECONCENTRATION; SAMPLE CONCENTRATION; COLUMN TRANSIENT; STACKING; ANALYTES AB A novel approach for on-fine concentration of proteins and peptides in capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. A short section (similar to0.5-1 cm) along the capillary was etched with HF. The etched section became a porous membrane that allowed electrical conductivity but prevented passage of the analyte ions. The capillary was isolated into two:parts, by the etched section. Thus, we were able to use, three buffer vials to perform CE experiments in the capillary by applying high voltages independently. Concentration, and separation were performed at the two respective regions. When high voltage was applied to the concentration capillary (between the inlet end and the etched section), proteins and peptides were concentrated at the etched portion, because the porous capillary wall allowed only small buffer ions to pass through and there was no electric field gradient beyond that point. After focusing, the narrow sample zone was introduced into the separation capillary (between the etched section and the outlet end) by hydrodynamic flow or by electroosmotic flow. Finally, conventional CE was carried out for separation of the analytes. Several different concentration schemes for proteins and peptides were successfully demonstrated by using this new approach. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 15 BP 3899 EP 3905 DI 10.1021/ac025612b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 580MW UT WOS:000177239200052 PM 12175182 ER PT J AU Klaenhammer, T Altermann, E Arigoni, F Bolotin, A Breidt, F Broadbent, J Cano, R Chaillou, S Deutscher, J Gasson, M van de Guchte, M Guzzo, J Hartke, A Hawkins, T Hols, P Hutkins, R Kleerebezem, M Kok, J Kuipers, O Lubbers, M Maguin, E McKay, L Mills, D Nauta, A Overbeek, R Pel, H Pridmore, D Saier, M van Sinderen, D Sorokin, A Steele, J O'Sullivan, D de Vos, W Weimer, B Zagorec, M Siezen, R AF Klaenhammer, T Altermann, E Arigoni, F Bolotin, A Breidt, F Broadbent, J Cano, R Chaillou, S Deutscher, J Gasson, M van de Guchte, M Guzzo, J Hartke, A Hawkins, T Hols, P Hutkins, R Kleerebezem, M Kok, J Kuipers, O Lubbers, M Maguin, E McKay, L Mills, D Nauta, A Overbeek, R Pel, H Pridmore, D Saier, M van Sinderen, D Sorokin, A Steele, J O'Sullivan, D de Vos, W Weimer, B Zagorec, M Siezen, R TI Discovering lactic acid bacteria by genomics SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Lactic Acid Bacteria: Genetics Metabolism and Applications CY SEP 01-05, 2002 CL EGMOND ANN ZEE, NETHERLANDS DE lactic acid bacteria; genomics; Gram-positive bacteria; food; health; Lactococcus; Lactobacillus; Streptococcus; Pediococcus; Leuconostoc; Oenococcus; Propionibacterium; Bifidobacterium; Brevibacterium ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; LACTOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS GROUP; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; OENI TEMPERATE BACTERIOPHAGE-PHI-10MC; EFFICIENT INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; LEUCONOSTOC-OENOS; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; BREVIBACTERIUM-LINENS; OENOCOCCUS-OENI AB This review summarizes a collection of lactic acid bacteria that are now undergoing genomic sequencing and analysis. Summaries are presented on twenty different species, with each overview discussing the organisms fundamental and practical significance, environmental habitat, and its role in fermentation, bioprocessing, or probiotics. For those projects where genome sequence data were available by March 2002, summaries include a listing of key statistics and interesting genomic features. These efforts will revolutionize our molecular view of Gram-positive bacteria, as up to 15 genomes from the low GC content lactic acid bacteria are expected to be available in the public domain by the end of 2003. Our collective view of the lactic acid bacteria will be fundamentally changed as we rediscover the relationships and capabilities of these organisms through genomics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Wageningen Ctr Food Sci, NL-6700 AN Wageningen, Netherlands. Nestle Res Ctr, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland. CRJ INRA, Genet Microbienne, F-78352 Jouy En Josas, France. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Environm Biotechnol Inst, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. INRA, Lab Genet Microorganismes, CNRS, URA 1925, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. Univ Bourgogne, UMR INRA, Microbiol Lab, Equipe PG2MA ENSBANA, F-21000 Dijon, France. Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. Joint Genome Inst Prod Genom Facil, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, Genet Unit, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Groningen, Dept Mol Genet, NL-6751 NN Haren, Netherlands. Fonterra Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Corp Res FCDF, NL-7400 AB Deventer, Netherlands. Interegated Genom Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. DSM Food Specialties, NL-2600 MA Delft, Netherlands. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Coll Cork, Dept Microbiol, Cork, Ireland. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. INRA, CRJ, Flore Lact & Environm Carne, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France. IRBA Univ Caen, INRA, USC,EA 956, Lab Microbiol Environm, F-14032 Caen, France. Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Mol & Biomol Informat, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Klaenhammer, T (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, SE Dairy Foods Res Ctr, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM klaenhammer@ncsu.edu; siezen@cmbi.kun.nl RI Broadbent, Jeff/A-9626-2010; Mills, David/G-2282-2011; Kuipers, Oscar/B-6752-2009; Van Sinderen, Douwe/A-6778-2015; Chaillou, Stephane/C-5755-2016; Weimer, Bart/G-6928-2012; OI Broadbent, Jeff/0000-0002-0751-0877; Mills, David/0000-0003-1913-9865; Kuipers, Oscar/0000-0001-5596-7735; Chaillou, Stephane/0000-0003-2229-0697; Weimer, Bart/0000-0002-7471-1978; Altermann, Eric/0000-0003-1376-1549 NR 218 TC 148 Z9 159 U1 3 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 58 PG 30 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 596XP UT WOS:000178192000003 PM 12369195 ER PT J AU Thomas-Keprta, KL Clemett, SJ Bazylinski, DA Kirschvink, JL McKay, DS Wentworth, SJ Vali, H Gibson, EK Romanek, CS AF Thomas-Keprta, KL Clemett, SJ Bazylinski, DA Kirschvink, JL McKay, DS Wentworth, SJ Vali, H Gibson, EK Romanek, CS TI Magnetofossils from ancient Mars: a robust biosignature in the Martian meteorite ALH84001 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MAGNETITE CRYSTALS; MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA; SNC METEORITES; ALLAN-HILLS-84001; TEMPERATURE; CARBONATES; MINERALS; AGE; MARINE; ORIGIN C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Lockheed Martin, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Thomas-Keprta, KL (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code C23, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RI Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012 OI Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943 NR 64 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 8 BP 3663 EP 3672 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.8.3663-3672.2002 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 580WV UT WOS:000177260500001 PM 12147458 ER PT J AU Reed, DW Fujita, Y Delwiche, ME Blackwelder, DB Sheridan, PP Uchida, T Colwell, FS AF Reed, DW Fujita, Y Delwiche, ME Blackwelder, DB Sheridan, PP Uchida, T Colwell, FS TI Microbial communities from methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments in a forearc basin SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; GAS-HYDRATE; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; CASCADIA MARGIN; NANKAI TROUGH; ARCHAEAL DIVERSITY; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; SUBSURFACE; BIOMASS; CARBON AB Microbial communities in cores obtained from methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments (down to more than 300 in below the seafloor) in the forearc basin of the Nankai Trough near Japan were characterized with cultivation-dependent and -independent techniques. Acridine orange direct count data indicated that cell numbers generally decreased with sediment depth. Lipid biomarker analyses indicated the presence of viable biomass at concentrations greater than previously reported for terrestrial subsurface environments at similar depths. Archaeal lipids were more abundant than bacterial lipids. Methane was produced from both acetate and hydrogen in enrichments inoculated with sediment from all depths evaluated, at both 10 and 35degreesC. Characterization of 16S rRNA genes amplified from the sediments indicated that archaeal clones could be discretely grouped within the Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota domains. The bacterial clones exhibited greater overall diversity than the archaeal clones, with sequences related to the Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and green nonsulfur groups. The majority of the bacterial clones were either members of a novel lineage or most closely related to uncultured clones. The results of these analyses suggest that the microbial community in this environment is distinct from those in previously characterized methane hydrate-bearing sediments. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Japan Natl Oil Corp, Chiba, Japan. RP Reed, DW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Reed, David/0000-0003-4877-776X NR 58 TC 168 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 8 BP 3759 EP 3770 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.8.3759-3770.2002 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 580WV UT WOS:000177260500013 PM 12147470 ER PT J AU Cliff, JB Gaspar, DJ Bottomley, PJ Myrold, DD AF Cliff, JB Gaspar, DJ Bottomley, PJ Myrold, DD TI Exploration of inorganic C and N assimilation by soil microbes with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENITRIFICATION; MICROSCOPY; NITRATE AB Stable C and N isotopes have long been used to examine properties of various C and N cycling processes in soils. Unfortunately, relatively large sample sizes are needed for accurate gas phase isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis. This limitation has prevented researchers from addressing C and N cycling issues on microbially meaningful scales. Here we explored the use of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to detect C-13 and N-15 assimilation by individual bacterial cells and to quantify N isotope ratios in bacterial samples and individual fungal hyphae. This was accomplished by measuring the relative abundances of mass 26 ((CN-)-C-12-N-14) and mass 27 ((CN-)-C-13-N-14 and (CN-)-C-12-N-15) ions sputtered with a Ga+ probe from cells adhered to an Si contact slide. TOF-SIMS was successfully used to locate and quantify the relative 15N contents of individual hyphae that grew onto Si contact slides in intimate contact with a model organomineral porous matrix composed of kaolin, straw fragments, and freshly deposited manure that was supplemented with (NO3-)-N-15. We observed that the N-15 content of fungal hyphae grown on the slides was significantly lower in regions where the hyphae were influenced by N-rich manure than in regions influenced by N-deficient straw. This effect occurred over distances of tens to hundreds of microns. Our data illustrate that TOF-SIMS has the potential to locate N-assimilating microorganisms in soil and to quantify the N-15 content of cells that have assimilated N-15-labeled mineral N and shows promise as a tool with which to explore the factors controlling microsite heterogeneities in soil. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cliff, JB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 3017 Agr & Life Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Cliff, John/C-7696-2011; Myrold, David/E-1813-2011; Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011 OI Cliff, John/0000-0002-7395-5604; Myrold, David/0000-0001-6418-226X; NR 32 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 8 BP 4067 EP 4073 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.8.4067-4073.2002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 580WV UT WOS:000177260500051 PM 12147508 ER PT J AU Mayer, JJ Martin, FD Brisbin, IL AF Mayer, JJ Martin, FD Brisbin, IL TI Characteristics of wild pig farrowing nests and beds in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wild pig; swine; Sus scrofa; farrowing nest; resting/loafing bed ID RANGING DOMESTIC PIGS; BEHAVIOR; SOWS; STIMULI AB Thirteen farrowing nests and nine resting/loafing beds built by wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from an introduced population in South Carolina, USA, were studied with respect to physical description, size parameters, the animals involved, and adjacent surroundings. The nests, built by pre-parturition sows, were generally round to oval shaped, with the length and width being positively correlated. Larger sows built significantly longer and higher nests than their smaller counterparts. All nests were located in excavated depressions. Six of the nests were built next to trees, uprooted stumps, or logs, and all but one were lined with vegetation as a nesting material. Nesting materials varied, but consisted of plant species that were readily available and gathered from within 20 m of the nests. Larger, older sows traveled significantly further to collect these materials for their nests than did smaller, younger sows. All nests were located under protective overhead cover, and most were located in forested areas with a generally open understory. The nests with the highest amounts of nesting materials were built in the youngest forests. This study was the first to show variation in nest parameters in relation to the age/ size of the sow, and in relation to the surrounding environment. Based on the characteristics of the farrowing nests analyzed in this study, it would appear that their function is probably more one of protection from inclement weather rather than from visual predators. The 13 farrowing nests were then compared to the nine resting/loafing beds. Beds built and used by solitary animals were similar to the farrowing nests, but were comparatively smaller in relation to the size of the animals involved. In addition, some of the solitary beds were neither excavated nor lined with material. However, common characteristics shared between nests and solitary beds make it difficult to distinguish between these two types of structures built by wild pigs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Environm Protect Dept, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Mayer, JJ (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Environm Protect Dept, PO Box 616, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 AR PII S0168-1591(02)00114-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00114-4 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 590KV UT WOS:000177822800001 ER PT J AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Bokor, J AF Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Bokor, J TI Fourier transform interferometer alignment method SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POINT-DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETER; OPTICAL-SYSTEM; ACCURACY AB A rapid and convenient method has been developed to facilitate the alignment of the image-plane components of point-diffraction interferometers, including the phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer. In real time, the Fourier transform of the detected image is used to calculate a pseudoimage of the electric field in the image plane of the test optic where the critical alignment of various optical components is performed. Reconstruction of the pseudoimage is similar to off-axis, Fourier transform holography. Intermediate steps in the alignment procedure are described. Fine alignment is aided by the introduction and optimization of a global-contrast parameter that is easily calculated from the Fourier transform. Additional applications include the alignment of image-plane apertures in general optical systems, the rapid identification of patterned image-plane alignment marks, and the probing of important image-plane field properties. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, MS 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kagoldberg@lbl.gov RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 22 BP 4477 EP 4483 DI 10.1364/AO.41.004477 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 579NY UT WOS:000177185800006 PM 12153074 ER PT J AU Austin, RH Darnton, N Huang, R Sturm, J Bakajin, O Duke, T AF Austin, RH Darnton, N Huang, R Sturm, J Bakajin, O Duke, T TI Ratchets: the problems with boundary conditions in insulating fluids SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULES; SEPARATION; ARRAYS AB We have constructed microfabricated devices, designed to have asymmetry in their physical structures, in order to fractionate objects under continuous-flow conditions. The fractionation of particles with the inclusion of diffusion and asymmetric structures requires a knowledge of not only statistical mechanics but also the external forces acting on the particles, since thermal Brownian fluctuations alone cannot serve to separate particles. We explicitly examine this problem in a device designed to fractionate biomolecules dissolved in water, and show that boundary conditions that influence the direction of the applied force are quite important in determining the efficiency of the device. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Phys, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Austin, RH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Bakajin, Olgica/A-9745-2008 NR 9 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s003390201336 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 557PR UT WOS:000175917400016 ER PT J AU Hess, H Clemmens, J Matzke, CM Bachand, GD Bunker, BC Vogel, V AF Hess, H Clemmens, J Matzke, CM Bachand, GD Bunker, BC Vogel, V TI Ratchet patterns sort molecular shuttles SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID MICROTUBULE MOVEMENT; MOTOR PROTEIN; KINESIN; ACTIN; TRACKS; DIRECTION; MOTION; DRIVEN; FORCE; ASSAY AB Molecular shuttles based on microtubules propelled by motor proteins can be guided on surfaces by adsorbing motors in chemical patterns or by using open guiding channels. While chemical patterns can guide microtubules based on a Brownian ratchet mechanism, the rigidity of the microtubules limits guiding to features with dimensions on the order of their persistence length (5 mm). To achieve guiding on micron-scale dimensions, physical barriers are required which can exploit the forces exerted by multiple motors to bend tubules into tight radii of curvature. Microtubule guiding is illustrated for the case of a special ratchet pattern that is capable of sorting microtubules on the basis of the direction of their motion. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hess, H (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Hess, Henry/A-5224-2008; Vogel, Viola/O-8025-2015 OI Hess, Henry/0000-0002-5617-606X; Vogel, Viola/0000-0003-2898-7671 NR 18 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 BP 309 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s003390201339 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 557PR UT WOS:000175917400020 ER PT J AU Semkow, TM Parekh, PP Schwenker, CD Khan, AJ Bari, A Colaresi, JF Tench, OK David, G Guryn, W AF Semkow, TM Parekh, PP Schwenker, CD Khan, AJ Bari, A Colaresi, JF Tench, OK David, G Guryn, W TI Low-background gamma spectrometry for environmental radioactivity SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE gamma spectroscopy; low-background; radium-228 ID GERMANIUM-SPECTROMETER; RAY SPECTROMETRY; GE; RA-228; DETECTORS; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIUM; LEAD AB Development and performance of a low-background x-ray spectrometer are described. The spectrometer consists of a 131% efficient Ge detector in U-type configuration. The passive shielding consists of ultrapure lead of 6" thickness. A top muon guard is used as an active shielding. The spectrometer and shielding are positioned inside a steel room made of V-thick pre-World War II iron. The steel room is located underground with 33 m of water-equivalent overburden. The total integrated background rate in the energy range 50-2700 keV was measured at 0.068 counts per second per 100 cm(3) Ge volume. The spectrometer serves as a reference instrument for low-level and highly accurate environmental radioactivity measurements. One specific application of Ra-228 determination in drinking water is described. With a 11 water sample, 1-step chemical procedure, and 1000 min counting time, a detection limit L-d = 20 mBq/l (0.55 pCi/l) was reached, which meets the EPA mandated limit of 1 pCi/l. Methods of upgrading the spectrometer as well as the predicted improvements in Ra-228 detection, including direct counting of water without chemical processing, are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Canberra Ind Inc, Meriden, CT 06450 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Semkow, TM (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201 USA. NR 45 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 57 IS 2 BP 213 EP 223 AR PII S09690-8043(02)00085-4 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(02)00085-4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 566JH UT WOS:000176423600012 PM 12150281 ER PT J AU O'Brien, SE McLean, JA Acon, BW Eshelman, BJ Bauer, WF Montaser, A AF O'Brien, SE McLean, JA Acon, BW Eshelman, BJ Bauer, WF Montaser, A TI Determination of memory-prone elements using direct injection high efficiency nebulizer inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; direct injection high efficiency nebulizer; mercury; iodine; boron; boron neutron capture therapy ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; TOTAL MERCURY; TOTAL IODINE; ICP-MS; BORON; SAMPLES; WATER AB A direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN) and a large-bore DIHEN (LB-DIHEN) are investigated for the determination of difficult-to-analyze and memory-prone elements (mercury, iodine, and boron). The determination of such elements is problematic using conventional sample introduction systems incorporating spray chambers and/or desolvation devices owing to their large surface area and hence long wash-out characteristics. With the DIHEN or LB-DIHEN, the spray chamber is eliminated and the dead volume is reduced to <10 muL, thus reducing memory effects. In comparison with the crossflow-spray chamber combination, wash-in and washout times are reduced to less than 10 s when a DIHEN or LB-DIHEN is used for mercury, iodine, and boron at a concentration of 100 ng/mL. The accuracy of the DIHEN-ICPMS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) technique is evaluated in the analysis of the National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference material (NIST SRM) 2670 (Toxic Metals in Freeze-Dried Urine) and NIST SRM 8414 (Bovine Muscle Powder). Further, the effectiveness of the DIHEN-ICPMS technique is examined in the determination of mercury and iodine in an alternative remedy medicine (seahorse genital tonic pills) and boron in rodent liver samples as part of a pharmacokinetic screening study for boron neutron capture therapy. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Montaser, A (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Bauer, William/B-8357-2016 OI Bauer, William/0000-0002-7190-9700 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1006 EP 1012 DI 10.1366/000370202760249738 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 588JP UT WOS:000177698600008 ER PT J AU Su, H Yeung, ES AF Su, H Yeung, ES TI Combinatorial study of zeolites in catalyzing the acylation of benzene via laser-induced fluorescence imaging SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser; fluorescence; imaging; catalysts ID HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS; LIBRARIES; DISCOVERY AB Laser-induced fluorescence imaging (LIFI) has been developed into a high-throughput screening (HTS) technique for heterogeneous catalysis. A laser beam is focused into a sheet parallel to the surface of the solid catalyst. Fluorescence from selected gaseous products formed immediately above the surface is imaged by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Here, in situ LIFI was used to simultaneously screen the catalytic properties of a 15-member library consisting of mordenites (MOR), ferrierites (FER), ZSM-5 (MITI), zeolite gamma-(gamma) (FAU), and beta zeolites (BEA) with various Si/Al ratios in the acylation of benzene with phthalic anhydride. Only beta zeolites were found to be active in this reaction over the temperature range of 190 to 340 degreesC. Substantial deactivation of beta zeolites was observed within less than one minute at higher temperature and the degree of deactivation varied with reaction temperature and the composition of the reactant mixture, as well as the Si/Al ratio of the beta zeolites. The deactivated beta zeolites can be regenerated partially by heating in a flow of oxygen. Up to 80% recovery of the catalytic activity was obtained. Similar recovery was observed after several deactivation-regeneration cycles. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1044 EP 1047 DI 10.1366/000370202321274944 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 588JP UT WOS:000177698600014 ER PT J AU Yarabe, HH Agbaria, RA Rugutt, JK McCarroll, ME Gooden, RA Werner, TC Warner, IM AF Yarabe, HH Agbaria, RA Rugutt, JK McCarroll, ME Gooden, RA Werner, TC Warner, IM TI Spectroscopic studies of cyclodextrin complexes with 2,5-bis-(4-methylphenyl)oxazole SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE cyclodextrins; linear aggregates; 2,5-bis-(4-methylphenyl)oxazole; 2,5-diphenyloxazole; nuclear magnetic resonance; fluorescence ID GAMMA-CYCLODEXTRIN; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; NMR; FLUORESCENCE AB The complexation of gamma-cyclodextrins (gamma-CDs) with the guest molecule 2,5-bis-(4-methylphenyl)oxazole (MPPO) has been studied by use of fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The changes in the H-1 NMR aromatic signals of MPPO in aqueous gamma-CD provide evidence of complexation and inclusion. DLS was used to confirm the existence of a distribution of the aggregates in the nanometer range. Excimer fluorescence was pronounced in the presence of gamma-CD. The evidence of the existence of two species was shown through fluorescence lifetime data. The emission intensities of the steady state fluorescence and the fluorescence anisotropies of the linear aggregates revealed a phase transition temperature of 60 degreesC. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. So Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. Union Coll, Dept Chem, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. RP Warner, IM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI kistner, kharol/E-6849-2010 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1048 EP 1054 DI 10.1366/000370202321274953 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 588JP UT WOS:000177698600015 ER PT J AU Weale, J Rumsey, PH Sartor, D Lock, LE AF Weale, J Rumsey, PH Sartor, D Lock, LE TI Laboratory low-pressure drop design SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A laboratory ventilation system isolates and protects occupants from hazardous fumes and provides the minimum outside air at a comfortable temperature. A significantly greater volume of conditioned makeup air is needed for fume removal than is required for conditioning the space. A once-through system usually is used due to the high exhaust quantity and the desire to isolate laboratories from adjacent spaces. The high costs of high airflow systems are magnified by the constant operation found in laboratories. Unfortunately, the common design approach often does not recognize these unique aspects of laboratories. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Elect Eye Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore. RP Weale, J (reprint author), Rumsey Engineers, Oakland, CA USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 8 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 582MF UT WOS:000177354500016 ER PT J AU Seppanen, O Fisk, WJ Mendell, MJ AF Seppanen, O Fisk, WJ Mendell, MJ TI Ventilation rates and health SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB While ventilation rates do not directly affect occupant health or perception outcomes, they affect indoor environmental conak tions including air pollutant concentrations that may modify the occupants' health or perceptions. This article summarizes the review by Seppanen, et al. of current literature on the relationship of ventilation rates and carbon dioxide concentrations in non-residential and nonindustrial buildings (primarily offices) with the health of the building's occupants and with the occupants' perceptions of indoor air quality (IAQ). The review aims to provide a better scientific basis for setting health-related ventilation standards. This summary focuses primarily on the ventilation rate studies. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seppanen, O (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 8 BP 56 EP 58 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 582MF UT WOS:000177354500019 ER PT J AU Blasi, P Dick, R Kolb, EW AF Blasi, P Dick, R Kolb, EW TI Ultra-high energy cosmic rays from annihilation of superheavy dark matter SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; ultra-high energy cosmic rays ID DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE; POTENT DENSITY; INFLATION; PARTICLES; UNIVERSE; LIMITS; FIELDS; OMEGA; BARYOGENESIS; CREATION AB We consider the possibility that ultra-high energy cosmic rays originate from the annihilation of relic superheavy dark matter. We find that across-section of similar to 10(-2)6 cm(2) (M-X/10(12) GeV)(3/2) is required to account for the observed rate of super-GZK events if the superheavy dark matter follows a Navarro-Frenk-White density profile. This would require extremely large-l contributions to the annihilation cross-section. We also calculate the possible signature from annihilation in sub-galactic clumps of dark matter and find that the signal from sub-clumps dominates and may explain the observed flux with a much smaller cross-section than if the superheavy dark matter is smoothly distributed. Finally, we discuss the expected anisotropy in the arrival directions of the cosmic rays, which is a characteristic signature of this scenario. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM blasi@arcetri.astro.it; rainer@sask.usask.ca; rocky.kolb@cern.ch RI Dick, Rainer/H-5182-2011; Blasi, Pasquale/O-9345-2015 OI Blasi, Pasquale/0000-0003-2480-599X NR 57 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 AR PII S0927-6505(02)00113-5 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 601KJ UT WOS:000178444600004 ER PT J AU Lloyd-Ronning, NM Fryer, CL Ramirez-Ruiz, E AF Lloyd-Ronning, NM Fryer, CL Ramirez-Ruiz, E TI Cosmological aspects of gamma-ray bursts: Luminosity evolution and an estimate of the star formation rate at high redshifts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; gamma rays : bursts ID MASSIVE STARS; PEAK LUMINOSITY; TRUNCATED DATA; HOST GALAXIES; BLACK-HOLES; ENERGY; AFTERGLOWS; UNIVERSE; PROGENITORS; CONNECTION AB Using 220 gamma-ray burst (GRB) redshifts and luminosities derived from the luminosity-variability relationship of Fenimore & Ramirez-Ruiz, we show that there exists a significant correlation between the GRB luminosity and redshift. In particular, we find that the evolution of the average luminosity can be parameterized as L proportional to (1 + z)(1.4+/-similar to0.5), where z is the burst redshift. We discuss the possible reasons behind this evolution and compare it with that of other known sources that exhibit similar behavior. In addition, we use nonparametric statistical techniques to independently estimate the distributions of the luminosity and redshift of bursts, accounting for the evolution ( in contrast to previous studies, which have assumed that the luminosity function is independent of redshift). We present these distributions and discuss their implications. Most significantly, we find a comoving rate density of GRBs that continues to increase to (1 + z)greater than or similar to10. From this estimate of the GRB rate density, we then use the population synthesis codes of Fryer et al. to estimate the star formation rate at high redshifts, for different progenitor models of GRBs. We find that no matter what the progenitor or population synthesis model, the star formation rate increases or remains constant to very high redshifts (zgreater than or similar to10). C1 Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Lloyd-Ronning, NM (reprint author), Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. EM lloyd@cita.utoronto.ca NR 59 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 574 IS 2 BP 554 EP 565 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581BC UT WOS:000177270400003 ER PT J AU Moon, YJ Chae, J Choe, GS Wang, HM Park, YD Yun, HS Yurchyshyn, V Goode, PR AF Moon, YJ Chae, J Choe, GS Wang, HM Park, YD Yun, HS Yurchyshyn, V Goode, PR TI Flare activity and magnetic helicity injection by photospheric horizontal motions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere ID SOLAR-FLARES; FIELD; REGION AB We present observational evidence that the occurrence of homologous flares in an active region is physically related to the injection of magnetic helicity by horizontal photospheric motions. We have analyzed a set of 1 minute cadence magnetograms of NOAA AR 8100 taken over a period of 6.5 hr by the Michelson Doppler Imager on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. During this observing time span, seven homologous flares took place in the active region. We have computed the magnetic helicity injection rate into the solar atmosphere by photospheric shearing motions and found that a significant amount of magnetic helicity was injected during the observing period. In a strong M4.1 flare, the magnetic helicity injection rate impulsively increased and peaked at the same time as the X-ray flux. The flare X-ray flux integrated over the X-ray emission time strongly correlates with the magnetic helicity injected during the flaring interval. The integrated X-ray flux is found to be a logarithmically increasing function of the injected magnetic helicity. Our results suggest that injection of helicity and abrupt increase of helicity magnitude play a significant role in flare triggering. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. Korea Astron Observ, Yooseong Ku 305348, Daejeon, South Korea. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, SEES, Astron Program, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Moon, YJ (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Big Bear Solar Observ, 40386 N Shore Lane, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013; Choe, Gwangson/E-2366-2013 NR 29 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 574 IS 2 BP 1066 EP 1073 DI 10.1086/340975 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581BC UT WOS:000177270400045 ER PT J AU Choe, GS Cheng, CZ AF Choe, GS Cheng, CZ TI Energy of force-free magnetic fields in relation to coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; MHD; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID SOLAR-ACTIVITY; EVOLUTION; ARCADES; SHEAR AB In typical observations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), a magnetic structure of a helmet-shaped closed configuration bulges out and eventually opens up. However, a spontaneous transition between these field configurations has been regarded to be energetically impossible in force-free fields according to the Aly-Sturrock theorem. The theorem states that the maximum energy state of force-free fields with a given boundary normal field distribution is the open field. The theorem implicitly assumes the existence of the maximum energy state, which may not be taken for granted. In this study, we have constructed force-free fields containing tangential discontinuities in multiple flux systems. These force-free fields can be generated from a potential field by footpoint motions that do not conserve the boundary normal field distribution. Some of these force-free fields are found to have more magnetic energy than the corresponding open fields. The constructed force-free configurations are compared with observational features of CME-bearing active regions. Possible mechanisms of CMEs are also discussed. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Choe, GS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Choe, Gwangson/E-2366-2013; Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 574 IS 2 BP L179 EP L182 DI 10.1086/342478 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581BF UT WOS:000177270700018 ER PT J AU Theuns, T Bernardi, M Frieman, J Hewett, P Schaye, J Sheth, RK Subbarao, M AF Theuns, T Bernardi, M Frieman, J Hewett, P Schaye, J Sheth, RK Subbarao, M TI Detection of He II reionization in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar sample SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; galaxies : formation; intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines ID LY-ALPHA FOREST; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; METAL ENRICHMENT; ABSORPTION; MODEL; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; MATTER; SIMULATIONS AB The expansion of the universe leads to a rapid drop in the hydrogen Lyalpha effective optical depth of the intergalactic medium (IGM)(τ) over bar (eff) proportional to (1+z)(3.8), between redshifts 4 and 3. Measurements of the temperature evolution of the IGM and of the He II opacity both suggest that He II reionizes in this redshift range. We use hydrodynamical simulations to show that the observed temperature increase associated with He II reionization leads to a relatively sudden decrease in (τ) over bar (eff) around the reionization epoch of approximate to10%. We find clear evidence for such a feature in the evolution of (τ) over bar (eff) determined from a sample of similar to1100 quasars obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. He II reionization starts at redshift approximate to3.4 and lasts for Deltazapproximate to0.4. The increase in the IGM temperature also explains the widths of hydrogen absorption lines as measured in high-resolution spectra. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Instelling Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15620 USA. RP Theuns, T (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. OI Schaye, Joop/0000-0002-0668-5560 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 574 IS 2 BP L111 EP L114 DI 10.1086/342531 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 581BF UT WOS:000177270700002 ER PT J AU Hall, PB Anderson, SF Strauss, MA York, DG Richards, GT Fan, XH Knapp, GR Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Geballe, TR Bauer, AE Becker, RH Davis, M Rix, HW Nichol, RC Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Haiman, Z Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Inada, N Ivezic, Z Johnston, D Kleinman, S Krolik, JH Krzesinski, J Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Long, DC Lupton, RH Miknaitis, G Munn, JA Narayanan, VK Neilsen, E Newman, PR Nitta, A Okamura, S Pentericci, L Pier, JR Schlegel, DJ Snedden, S Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tsvetanov, Z White, RL Zheng, W AF Hall, PB Anderson, SF Strauss, MA York, DG Richards, GT Fan, XH Knapp, GR Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Geballe, TR Bauer, AE Becker, RH Davis, M Rix, HW Nichol, RC Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, R Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Haiman, Z Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Inada, N Ivezic, Z Johnston, D Kleinman, S Krolik, JH Krzesinski, J Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Long, DC Lupton, RH Miknaitis, G Munn, JA Narayanan, VK Neilsen, E Newman, PR Nitta, A Okamura, S Pentericci, L Pier, JR Schlegel, DJ Snedden, S Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Tsvetanov, Z White, RL Zheng, W TI Unusual broad absorption line quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE atomic processes; line : identification; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : emission lines; quasars : general; radiative transfer ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; FE-II-EMISSION; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; KECK HIRES OBSERVATIONS; EARLY DATA RELEASE; C-IV ABSORPTION; STELLAR OBJECTS; DISK WINDS AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has confirmed the existence of populations of broad absorption line (BAL) quasars with various unusual properties. We present and discuss 23 such objects and consider the implications of their wide range of properties for models of BAL outflows and quasars in general. We have discovered one BAL quasar with a record number of absorption lines. Two other similarly complex objects with many narrow troughs show broad Mg II absorption extending longward of their systemic host galaxy redshifts. This can be explained as absorption of an extended continuum source by the rotation-dominated base of a disk wind. Five other objects have absorption that removes an unprecedented 90% of all flux shortward of Mg II The absorption in one of them has varied across the ultraviolet with an amplitude and rate of change as great as ever seen. This same object may also show broad H absorption. Numerous reddened BAL quasars have been found, including at least one reddened mini-BAL quasar with very strong Fe II emission. The five reddest objects have continuum reddenings of E(B-V) similar or equal to0.5, and in two of them we find strong evidence that the reddening curve is even steeper than that of the SMC. We have found at least one object with absorption from Fe III but not Fe II This may be due to a high column density of moderately high ionization gas, but the Fe III level populations must also be affected by some sort of resonance. Finally, we have found two luminous, probably reddened high-redshift objects that may be BAL quasars whose troughs partially cover different regions of the continuum source as a function of velocity. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys & Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hall, PB (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 152 TC 205 Z9 205 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 141 IS 2 BP 267 EP 309 DI 10.1086/340546 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 575ZN UT WOS:000176978500001 ER PT J AU Tsibakhashvili, NY Asatiani, NV Abuladze, MK Birkaya, BG Sapojnikova, NA Mosulishvili, LM Holman, HYN AF Tsibakhashvili, NY Asatiani, NV Abuladze, MK Birkaya, BG Sapojnikova, NA Mosulishvili, LM Holman, HYN TI Capillary electrophoresis of Cr(VI) reducer Arthrobacter oxydans SO BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN RHINOVIRUS SEROTYPE-2; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; BACTERIA; SEPARATION; IDENTIFICATION; SURFACES AB Rapid and effective separation of bacteria Arthrobacter oxydans was performed using capillary electrophoresis. For optimal separation of bacteria the influence of buffer concentration, pH and applied voltage were studied. It was found that the most appropriate conditions for electrophoretic mobility measurements are as follows: applied voltage 6-14 kV; buffer concentration 5-10 mm pH 6-8. At the stationary phase of growth there are always two main heterogeneous peaks. They are connected with the morphology of bacteria as well as with cell aggregation. The heterogeneity of samples may be explained by surface modifications of bacterial cells. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Georgian Acad Sci, Andronikashvili Inst Phys, GE-380077 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Tsibakhashvili, NY (reprint author), Georgian Acad Sci, Andronikashvili Inst Phys, Tamarashvili Str 6, GE-380077 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0269-3879 J9 BIOMED CHROMATOGR JI Biomed. Chromatogr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1002/bmc.157 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 590VE UT WOS:000177844000004 PM 12210506 ER PT J AU Anderson, DN Taylor, SR AF Anderson, DN Taylor, SR TI Application of regularized discrimination analysis to regional seismic event identification SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RIDGE CLASSIFICATION RULES; WESTERN CHINA; INFORMATION; THRESHOLDS; EXPLOSIONS AB We present multivariate seismic event identification methods that can be applied to a large number of highly correlated regional discriminants. The methods employ the ridge discrimination techniques first proposed by Smidt and McDonald (1976). Ridge discrimination was developed to address the problems associated with discrimination in high-dimension, colinear settings and is readily adaptable to linear, quadratic, and outlier identification rules. Ridge discrimination is a special case of regularized discrimination analysis (RDA) developed by Friedman (1989). RDA includes linear discrimination (LDA), quadratic discrimination (QDA), and Euclidean distance-based nearest mean discrimination in its parameterization. We propose a new approach to the optimal selection of RDA parameters. We show that the techniques presented in this article can be used to transition from an outlier analysis approach to seismic identification to classical discrimination, as quality explosion calibration data are collected. We demonstrate the importance of including the correlation structure between seismic measurements in event identification. Not including this correlation structure in any identification framework can aggravate identification errors and give an erroneous impression of capability. With the techniques presented, a large number of discriminants can be used and no a priori subselection of discriminants is necessary. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, DN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 2391 EP 2399 DI 10.1785/0120010218 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 611NT UT WOS:000179024900024 ER PT J AU Yarbro, SL Long, RL AF Yarbro, SL Long, RL TI Using a new interfacial area transport equation to predict interfacial area in co-current jet mixers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE interfacial area transport equations; co-current jet mixers two-phase flow ID 2-PHASE FLOW; BUBBLE-SIZE; STATIC MIXER; VIRTUAL MASS; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISPERSION AB In multiphase operations, such as liquid-liquid or gas-liquid, systems, the interfacial area affects the interfluid heat, mass and momentum transfer and ultimately, the overall equipment performance. To better understand the mixing process, we developed a multi-fluid model that predicts interfacial area for kerosene-water mixtures in co-current jet mixers. The model has ensemble-averaged conservation equations for each fluid and includes a transport equation, derived from an overall energy balance, for the-interfacial area concentration. In the model, the mechanical energy of, the continuous phase creates interfacial area. Comparing, the final, one-dimensional model to experimental data proved the model is accurate. Over 93% of the, calculated and experimental data obtained from 0.027 inch and 0.0141 inch diameter co-current jet mixers compared within 15%. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Long, RL (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SOC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PI OTTAWA PA 130 SLATER ST, STE 550, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 6E2, CANADA SN 0008-4034 J9 CAN J CHEM ENG JI Can. J. Chem. Eng. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 622 EP 631 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 641AE UT WOS:000180720800010 ER PT J AU Tschischgale, J Klopfel, D Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Forster, E Schulte-Schrepping, H Utter, SB AF Tschischgale, J Klopfel, D Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Forster, E Schulte-Schrepping, H Utter, SB TI Absolute wavelength measurement of the Lyman-alpha transition of hydrogen-like silicon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 1S LAMB SHIFT; BEAM ION-TRAP; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; RESONANCE TRANSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY; ARGON; CRYSTAL AB The wavelengths of the 1s(1/2)-2p(1/2) and 1s(1/2)-2p(3/2) Lyman-alpha transitions have been measured in hydrogenic silicon with an accuracy of 70 ppm. The measurement was carried out with an electron-beam ion trap with a calibrated double-faced monolithic crystal that enabled absolute measurements of the transition wavelengths. The values for the Lyman-alpha wavelengths are lambda(Lyalpha1) = 6.180 49(44) Angstrom and lambda(Lyalpha2) = 6.185 56(66) Angstrom. The wavelengths are in good agreement with calculations and allow a determination of the 1s Lamb shift to within 28% in a region that has received little experimental attention. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. DESY, HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantum Elect, Xray Opt Grp, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 80 IS 8 BP 867 EP 874 DI 10.1139/P02-011 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 578XB UT WOS:000177145400006 ER PT J AU Stabin, MG Eckerman, KF Bolch, WE Bouchet, LG Patton, PW AF Stabin, MG Eckerman, KF Bolch, WE Bouchet, LG Patton, PW TI Evolution and status of bone and marrow dose models SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article ID TRABECULAR BONE; RADIONUCLIDES; MICROSCOPY; DOSIMETRY AB Investigations at the University of Leeds under the direction of F.W. Spiers in the early 1960s through the late 1970s established the first comprehensive assessment of marrow dose conversion factors (DCFs) for beta-emitting radionuclides within the volume or on the surface of trabecular bone. These DCFs were subsequently used in deriving radionuclide S values for skeletal tissues published in MIRD Pamphlet No. 11. Eckerman re-evaluated this work and extended the methods of Spiers to radionuclides within the marrow to provide DCFs for fifteen skeletal regions in computational models representing individuals of six different ages. These results were used in the MIRDOSE3 software. Bouchet et al. used updated information on regional bone and marrow masses, as well as 3D electron transport techniques, to derive radionuclide S values in skeletal regions of the adult. Although these two efforts are similar in most regards,the models differ in three respects in: (1) the definition of the red marrow region, (2) the definition of a surface source of activity, and (3) the assumption applied in transporting electrons through the trabecular endosteum. In this study, a review of chord-based skeletal models is given, followed by a description of the differences in the Eckerman and Bouchet et al. transport models. Finally, new data from NMR microscopy and radiation transport in trabecular bone is applied to address item (1) above. Dose conversion factors from MIRD 11, the Eckerman model, the Bouchet et al. model, and a revised model are compared for several radionuclides important to internal emitter therapy. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Neurol Surg, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Hlth Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Stabin, MG (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1089/108497802760363213 PG 7 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 599EA UT WOS:000178320100007 PM 12396706 ER PT J AU Nagar, B Bornmann, WG Pellicena, P Schindler, T Veach, DR Miller, WT Clarkson, B Kuriyan, J AF Nagar, B Bornmann, WG Pellicena, P Schindler, T Veach, DR Miller, WT Clarkson, B Kuriyan, J TI Crystal structures of the kinase domain of c-Abl in complex with the small molecule inhibitors PD173955 and imatinib (STI-571) SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; TYROSINE KINASE; BCR-ABL; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; GROWTH; AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION; MECHANISM; RECEPTOR; CELLS; HCK AB The inadvertent fusion of the bcr gene with the abl gene results in a constitutively active tyrosine kinase (Bcr-Abl) that transforms cells and causes chronic myelogenous leukemia. Small molecule inhibitors of Bcr-Abl that bind to the kinase domain can be used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia. We report crystal structures of the kinase domain of Abl in complex with two such inhibitors, imatinib (also known as STI-571 and Gleevec) and PD173955 (Parke-Davis). Both compounds bind to the canonical ATP-binding site of the kinase domain, but they do so in different ways. As shown previously in a crystal structure of Abl bound to a smaller variant of STI-571, STI-571 captures a specific inactive conformation of the activation loop of Abl in which the loop mimics bound peptide substrate. In contrast, PD173955 binds to a conformation of AN in which the activation loop resembles that of an active kinase. The structure suggests that PD173955 would be insensitive to whether the conformation of the activation loop corresponds to active kinases or to that seen in the STI-571 complex. lit vitro kinase assays confirm that this is the case and indicate that PD173955 is at least 10-fold more inhibitory than STI-571. The structures suggest that PD173955 achieves its greater potency over STI-571 by being able to target multiple forms of Abl (active or inactive), whereas STI-571 requires a specific inactive conformation of Abl. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Mol Biophys, New York, NY 10021 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, 401 Barker MC 3202, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nagar, Bhushan/C-1297-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA008748, CA64593, P01 CA064593] NR 25 TC 684 Z9 703 U1 1 U2 70 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 62 IS 15 BP 4236 EP 4243 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 578EZ UT WOS:000177105600014 PM 12154025 ER PT J AU Pratt, LR AF Pratt, LR TI Introduction: Water SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pratt, LR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451 NR 1 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 102 IS 8 BP 2625 EP 2626 DI 10.1021/cr000705j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 585WZ UT WOS:000177548700001 ER PT J AU Head-Gordon, T Hura, G AF Head-Gordon, T Hura, G TI Water structure from scattering experiments and simulation SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PAIR-CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; LIQUID PHASE-TRANSITION; POINT-CHARGE WATER; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POLARIZABLE WATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 187 TC 314 Z9 320 U1 5 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 102 IS 8 BP 2651 EP 2669 AR UNSP CR0006831 DI 10.1021/cr0006831 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 585WZ UT WOS:000177548700003 PM 12175263 ER PT J AU Pratt, LR Pohorille, A AF Pratt, LR Pohorille, A TI Hydrophobic effects and modeling of biophysical aqueous solution interfaces SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LIQUID-VAPOR INTERFACE; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; LIPID BILAYER-MEMBRANES; WATER-HEXANE INTERFACE; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LATERAL PRESSURE PROFILE; LENNARD-JONES WALLS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Pratt, LR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451 NR 280 TC 266 Z9 269 U1 6 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 102 IS 8 BP 2671 EP 2691 AR UNSP CR000692+ DI 10.1021/cr000692+ PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 585WZ UT WOS:000177548700004 PM 12175264 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Vogt, T Hriljac, JA Parise, JB AF Lee, Y Vogt, T Hriljac, JA Parise, JB TI Discovery of a rhombohedral form of the Li-exchanged aluminogermanate zeolite RHO and its pressure-, temperature-, and composition-induced phase transitions SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POWDER STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; X-RAY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; DIFFRACTION; FLEXIBILITY; FRAMEWORK; TOPOLOGY AB The influence of pressure, temperature, and composition on the crystal structure of Li-exchanged zeolite RHO with an aluminogermanate framework was investigated using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. At ambient conditions, aluminogermanate RHO adopts either a rhombohedral (R3) or cubic (I23) symmetry depending on the Li-exchange level. Under hydrostatic conditions mediated by an alcohol and water mixture in a diamond-anvil cell, the rhombohedral 68% Li-AlGe-RHO transforms to a cubic structure near 3 GPa, whereas the cubic 57% Li-AlGe-RHO first transforms to a rhombohedral phase near 0.4 GPa and then back to a cubic structure near 3 GPa. The rhombohedral distortion angle, an order parameter of the low-symmetry structure, increases continuously with pressure while approaching the transition to the cubic form, where it decreases abruptly to the equivalent cubic angle. All of these materials show progressive volume contraction under increasing pressure and the calculated bulk moduli suggests that the rhombohedral phase at intermediate pressures is more compressible than its cubic form at higher pressures. Dehydrated samples of both compositions adopt cubic symmetry at ambient conditions and exhibit normal expansion upon heating. During in situ dehydration of hydrated 68% Li-AlGe-RHO, the rhombohedral angle decreases steadily toward the cubic equivalent value until there is an abrupt volume contraction that starts at 300 K and an, accompanying transition to a cubic form near 400 K. The hydrated 57% Li-AlGe-RHO maintains its cubic symmetry during in situ dehydration but displays a similar abrupt volume contraction above 350 K. The inverse pressure-temperature relationship is established as shown by the evolution of the rhombohedral angle and the corresponding cell length under pressure and temperature. The rhombohedral-to-cubic phase transitions including the re-entrant behavior observed in the 57% Li-AlGe-RHO are predicted from a distance least-squares approach to framework minimization. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Vogt, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 14 IS 8 BP 3501 EP 3508 DI 10.1021/cm020257r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 588MH UT WOS:000177704900040 ER PT J AU Horch, RA Golden, TD D'Souza, NA Riester, L AF Horch, RA Golden, TD D'Souza, NA Riester, L TI Electrodeposition of nickel/montmorillonite layered silicate nanocomposite thin films SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MONTMORILLONITE; NANOPARTICLES; ASSEMBLIES AB In this study, the electrochemical deposition of nickel/montmorillonite nanocomposite films was investigated on stainless steel and copper substrates. Deposition variables that were investigated included electrochemical cell orientation, degree of agitation during deposition, and montmorillonite concentration in the electroplating solution. The resulting films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence techniques. By a novel electrochemical cell construction, an orderly deposition of nickel/ montmorillonite nanocomposite films was ultimately achieved. Scanning electron microscopy images characterized these films with an ordered surface topography of horizontal montmorillonite platelets held in a nickel media. Profile scanning electron microscopy images further showed a heavily striated stack of aligned montmorillonite layered. silicate platelets throughout the profile of the nickel/montmorillonite nanocomposite film. Also, X-ray fluorescence verified the presence of montmorillonite clay within the films, and nanoindentation results showed that the nanocomposite films had higher modulus values than nickel films. The green (unsintered) deposited films showed a 60% increase in hardness over that of pure nickel films. Thus, a successful electrochemical deposition of ordered nickel/ montmorillonite nanocomposites has been achieved, and the montmorillonite content of these nanocomposites has been shown to strengthen the films when incorporated in a layered fashion. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, HTML, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Golden, TD (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 14 IS 8 BP 3531 EP 3538 DI 10.1021/cm010812+ PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 588MH UT WOS:000177704900045 ER PT J AU Lyman, JL Liau, YC Brand, HV AF Lyman, JL Liau, YC Brand, HV TI Thermochemical functions for gas-phase, 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX), its condensed phases, and its larger reaction products SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VAPOR-PRESSURE; EXPLOSIVES; DECOMPOSITION; SUBLIMATION AB 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) is a major component of many explosives and propellants. Chemical kinetic simulations of the reactions of HMX require knowledge of its enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity in the gas-phase and condensed phases. While some experimental measurements are available, most available thermochemical information has been obtained by analogy with the smaller species, RDX, and its reaction products. Using the Hartree-Fock method with the 6-31G* basis set we have calculated structures, vibrational frequencies, and bond strengths for the isolated HMX molecule and its two major reaction products. This, with some available experimental data, allows us to calculate the relevant thermochemical parameters for these species. With this information and some published experimental measurements of sublimation pressure, phase change enthalpies, and heat capacities, we have also calculated some thermochemical data for three condensed phases of HMX: beta-HMX, delta-HMX and liquid HMX. We present the thermochemical parameters in both the JANAF and CHEMKIN format. We also compare the current calculations with previous estimates. (C) 2002 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lyman, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lyman@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2002 VL 130 IS 3 BP 185 EP 203 AR PII S0010-2180(02)00364-4 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00364-4 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 586UL UT WOS:000177603900004 ER PT J AU Chin, G Myers, J Hoyt, D AF Chin, G Myers, J Hoyt, D TI Social networks in the virtual science laboratory SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chin, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hoyt, David/H-6295-2013; OI Myers, James/0000-0001-8462-650X NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 8 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1145/545151.545156 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 577XC UT WOS:000177087200021 ER PT J AU Sewards, TV Sewards, MA AF Sewards, TV Sewards, MA TI Innate visual object recognition in vertebrates: some proposed pathways and mechanisms SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE innate recognition; optic tectum; superior colliculus; pretectal nuclei; cuneiform nucleus; amphibians; rats; primates ID MESENCEPHALIC RETICULAR-FORMATION; RECEPTIVE-FIELD PROPERTIES; FROG RANA-PIPIENS; CROSSED TECTORETICULOSPINAL PROJECTION; AUDITORY LOCALIZATION RESPONSE; SEPARATE OUTPUT CHANNELS; CAT SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; PREY ORIENTING BEHAVIOR; MONKEY MACACA-MULATTA; BRAIN-STEM AFFERENTS AB Almost all vertebrates are capable of recognizing biologically relevant stimuli at or shortly after birth, and in some phylogenetically ancient species visual object recognition is exclusively innate. Extensive and detailed studies of the anuran visual system have resulted in the determination of the neural structures and pathways involved in innate prey and predator recognition in these species [Behav. Brain Sci. 10 (1987) 337; Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 128 (2001) 417]. The structures involved include the optic tectum, pretectal nuclei and an area within the mesencephalic tegmentum. Here we investigate the structures and pathways involved in innate stimulus recognition in avian, rodent and primate species. We discuss innate stimulus preferences in maternal imprinting in chicks and argue that these preferences are due to innate visual recognition of conspecifics, entirely mediated by subtelencephalic structures. In rodent species, brainstem structures largely homologous to the components of the anuran subcortical visual system mediate innate visual object recognition. The primary components of the mammalian subcortical visual system are the superior colliculus, nucleus of the optic tract, anterior and posterior pretectal nuclei, nucleus of the posterior commissure, and an area within the mesopontine reticular formation that includes parts of the cuneiform, subcuneiform and pedunculopontine nuclei. We argue that in rodent species the innate sensory recognition systems function throughout ontogeny, acting in parallel with cortical sensory and recognition systems. In primates the structures involved in innate stimulus recognition are essentially the same as those in rodents, but overt innate recognition is only present in very early ontogeny, and after a transition period gives way to learned object recognition mediated by cortical structures. After the transition period, primate subcortical sensory systems still function to provide implicit innate stimulus recognition, and this recognition can still generate orienting, neuroendocrine and emotional responses to biologically relevant stimuli. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Res Ctr, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. RP Sewards, TV (reprint author), Sandia Res Ctr, 21 Perdiz Canyon Rd, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. NR 231 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 132 IS 4 BP 861 EP 891 AR PII S1095-6433(02)00119-8 DI 10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00119-8 PG 31 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 580LG UT WOS:000177235600015 PM 12095868 ER PT J AU McCurdy, CW Simon, HD Kramer, WTC Lucas, RF Johnston, WE Bailey, DH AF McCurdy, CW Simon, HD Kramer, WTC Lucas, RF Johnston, WE Bailey, DH TI Future directions in scientific supercomputing for computational physics SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on Computational Physics (CCP 2001) CY SEP 05-08, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY DE high performance computing; supercomputer center; scientific challenge teams; computational and data grids AB NERSC, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, is a leading scientific computing facility for unclassified research, and has had a significant impact on computational physics in the U.S. Here we will summarize the recent experience at NERSC, and present the four key elements of our strategic plan for the next five years. Significant changes are expected to happen in computational science during this period. Supercomputer centers worldwide must continue to enhance their successful role as centers that bridge the gap between advanced development in computer science and mathematics on one hand, and scientific research in the physical, chemical, biological, and earth sciences on the other. Implementing such a strategy will position NERSC and other centers in the U.S. to continue to enhance the scientific productivity of the computational physics community, and to be an indispensable tool for scientific discovery. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Simon, HD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 50B-4230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 34 EP 39 AR PII S0010-4655(02)00200-X DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00200-X PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 590LP UT WOS:000177824600007 ER PT J AU Kadau, K Entel, P Lomdahl, PS AF Kadau, K Entel, P Lomdahl, PS TI Molecular-dynamics study of martensitic transformations in sintered Fe-Ni nanoparticles SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on Computational Physics (CCP 2001) CY SEP 05-08, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY DE nanoparticles; sintering process; polycrystalline sample; martensitic transformation; Fe-Ni; molecular-dynamics simulations; EAM ID SIMULATIONS; IRON; CONSOLIDATION; METALS; COPPER AB Nanocrystalline metals with grain sizes in the nanometer range often have interesting properties which differ from usual polycrystalline samples or single crystals. Here we report on the first molecular-dynamics simulations of martensitic transformations-i.e. structural transformations from fee to bcc-in sintered Fe-Ni nanoparticles. The atomic interactions were described by an embedded-atom method (EAM) potential specially designed to model the Fe-Ni system. Simulations were carried out by applying a constant pressure and temperature ensemble (NPT ensemble) to 32 nanoparticles each containing slightly more than 1000 atoms. The nano-particles initially were placed with random crystallographic orientation on an fcc lattice such that the particles attract each other. After relaxation for 0.58 ns at a temperature of 800 K and a pressure of 0 GPa a polycrystalline sample with a density just about two percent larger than that of a perfect single crystal was achieved. Subsequent cooling towards low temperatures allows the study of the temperature-induced martensitic transformation at pre-existing defects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. RP Kadau, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 126 EP 129 AR PII S0010-4655(02)00230-8 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00230-8 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 590LP UT WOS:000177824600024 ER PT J AU Hatano, N Gubernatis, JE AF Hatano, N Gubernatis, JE TI Double degeneracy in the ground state of the 3D +/- J spin glass SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on Computational Physics (CCP 2001) CY SEP 05-08, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY DE spin glass; +/- J model; multicanonical Monte Carlo method; droplet picture ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD; NUMERICAL EVIDENCE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; REPLICA SYMMETRY; ORDERED PHASE; ENSEMBLE; LANDSCAPES; BEHAVIOR AB We review our bivariate multicanonical Monte Carlo simulation of the +/-J spin glass in three dimensions as well as recent developments on the controversy between the droplet picture and the mean-field picture of the spin-glass phase. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hatano, N (reprint author), Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Chitosedai, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. EM hatano@phys.aoyama.ac.jp RI Hatano, Naomichi/K-8176-2012 OI Hatano, Naomichi/0000-0003-0277-1856 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 414 EP 418 AR PII S0010-4655(02)00316-8 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00316-8 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 590LP UT WOS:000177824600089 ER PT J AU Reifman, J Feldman, EE AF Reifman, J Feldman, EE TI Multilayer perceptron for nonlinear programming SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nonlinear constrained optimization; artificial neural network; multilayer perceptron; penalty function method ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION AB A new method for solving nonlinear programming problems within the framework of a multilayer neural network perceptron is proposed. The method employs the Penalty Function method to transform a constrained optimization problem into a sequence of unconstrained optimization problems and then solves the sequence of unconstrained optimizations of the transformed problem by training a series of multilayer perceptrons. The neural network formulation is represented in such a way that the multilayer perceptron prediction error to be minimized mimics the objective function of the unconstrained problem, and therefore, the minimization of the objective function for each unconstrained optimization is attained by training a single perceptron. The multilayer perceptron allows for the transformation of problems with two-sided bounding constraints on the decision variables x. e.g., a less than or equal to x(n) less than or equal to b, into equivalent optimization problems in which these constraints do not explicitly appear. Hence, when these are the only constraints in the problem, the transformed problem is constraint free (i.e., the transformed objective function contains no penalty terms) and is solved by training a multilayer perceptron only once. In addition, we present a new Penalty Function method for solving nonlinear programming problems that is parameter free and guarantees that feasible solutions are obtained when the optimal solution is on the boundary of the feasible region. Simulation results, including an example from operations research, illustrate the proposed methods. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reifman, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM reifman@tatrc.org NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1237 EP 1250 AR PII S0305-0548(01)00027-2 DI 10.1016/S0305-0548(01)00027-2 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 563CP UT WOS:000176237300009 ER PT J AU Kaneko, M Isaacs, HS AF Kaneko, M Isaacs, HS TI Effects of molybdenum on the pitting of ferritic- and austenitic-stainless steels in bromide and chloride solutions SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stainless steel; polarization; potentiostatic; pitting corrosion; bromide ID CR-MO ALLOYS; FE-CR; CREVICE CORROSION; SALT FILMS; DISSOLUTION; POTENTIALS; KINETICS; TEMPERATURES; INITIATION; BREAKDOWN AB The effect of Mo on the pitting potential, dissolution kinetics, and repassivation behavior of high purity ferritic stainless steels, Fe-18%Cr-x%Mo, and austenitic stainless steels, Fe18%Cr-12-15%Ni-x%Mo, was studied in solutions of bromide and of chloride. Large increases in the pitting potential of Fe-18%Cr x%Mo in chloride solution were found with increasing Mo content, compared with the distinctly smaller increases in bromide solution. There was an excellent correlation between the increase in pitting potentials of ferritic alloys between Fe-18%Cr-2% and 5%Mo in the chloride and bromide solutions with the increased dissolution overvoltages in the saturated solution of dissolved products within artificial pits. Austenitic stainless steels also showed larger increases in pitting potential in chloride solution than in bromide solution. Higher pitting potentials were recorded for the austenitic than the ferrite steels with the same Mo content. For austenitic steels, the pitting potentials in bromide and chloride solutions were not attributable solely to the difference in dissolution rates or repassivation characteristics in saturated solution of the dissolved products. It was concluded that initiation processes play an important role in the pitting of austenitic stainless steels. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nippon Steel Corp Ltd, Steel Res Lab, Chiba 2938511, Japan. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Street, Steven/A-5398-2015 OI Street, Steven/0000-0002-8999-3701 NR 34 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1825 EP 1834 AR PII S0010-938X(01)00003-3 DI 10.1016/S0010-938X(02)00003-3 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 553QF UT WOS:000175686400012 ER PT J AU Wysokinski, TW Barclay, JA Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK Pecharsky, AO AF Wysokinski, TW Barclay, JA Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK Pecharsky, AO TI Comparative evaluation of erbium and lead regenerator materials for low temperature cryocoolers SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic properties and materials; erbium; regenerator; GM-cryocooler AB A new erbium-based alloy has been tested as an environmentally benign replacement for lead in the second stage regenerator of low temperature (8-16 K) cryocoolers. This work focuses on obtaining improved performance of a Gifford-McMahon cooler by material modification in the second stage regenerator. Properties and experimental results for an improved second stage regenerator using erbium-based alloys are presented. A slight improvement in performance was observed using the erbium regenerator material over lead. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Victoria, Dept Engn Mech, Cryofuel Syst Gro, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wysokinski, TW (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Engn Mech, Cryofuel Syst Gro, POB 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. RI Wysokinski, Tomasz/I-3175-2014 OI Wysokinski, Tomasz/0000-0003-2732-952X NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 42 IS 8 BP 463 EP 467 AR PII S0011-2275(02)00049-8 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(02)00049-8 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 602LC UT WOS:000178505900005 ER PT J AU Nelson, J Paradis, S Christensen, J Gabites, J AF Nelson, J Paradis, S Christensen, J Gabites, J TI Canadian Cordilleran Mississippi Valley-type deposits: A case for Devonian-Mississippian back-arc hydrothermal origin SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MEADOWBROOK REEF TREND; WEST-CENTRAL ALBERTA; PB-ZN DEPOSITS; LEAD-ZINC DEPOSITS; SEDIMENTARY BASIN; FLUID-FLOW; PINE-POINT; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; RB-SR AB A linear series of Mississippi Valley-type Zn-Pb deposits occurs within deformed and thrust-faulted Silurian-Devonian carbonates adjacent to the shelf front in the northern Canadian Rocky Mountains, east of a belt of Late Devonian shale-hosted, sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits. Farther east, minor sulfide minerals accompanies secondary coarse dolomite in petroleum reservoirs of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The age and tectonic setting of the Cordilleran Mississippi Valley-type deposits are poorly known; two competing models ascribe them alternatively to Devonian-Mississippian or to Cretaceous Laramide orogenic processes. This paper addresses the regional metallogeny of the Mississippi Valley-type deposits of the northern Canadian Rocky Mountains in terms of three issues: timing of mineralization, isotopic characterization, and tectonic setting. Rb-Sr data on sphalerite from the most significant deposit in the northern Rocky Mountains Mississippi Valley-type belt, the Robb Lake Zn-Pb deposit, although showing considerable scatter owing to heterogeneous geneous Sr-87/Sr-86 values in primary fluids, suggest that it is Paleozoic. These data are consistent with the published Pine Point Rb-Sr isochron, which indicates a Late Devonian age (362 +/- 9 Ma) for Zn-Pb mineralization, and they favor Devonian-Mississippian rather than Cretaceous orogenic models. Isotopic data were collected to fill gaps in the data set from occurrences of Zn-Pb sulfides throughout the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. New analyses of stable (C, O) and radiogenic (Sr) isotopes in carbonates from the Robb Lake deposit are compared with the extensive existing data set from the subsurface Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. New galena and sphalerite lead-isotope data from drill cored intervals of subsurface Devonian carbonates of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin are compared with published data on outcrops of Mississippi Valley-type deposits. Values of delta(13)O for Robb Lake hydrothermal dolomite range from -13.8 to -15.6 per mil Pee Dee belemnite (PDB), and delta(13)C ranges from -1.7 to -0.8 per mil (PDB), similar to the lowest values for secondary dolomites in the Presqu'ile barrier and Manetoe facies of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin to the northeast, Sr-87/Sr-86 values in Robb Lake hydrothermal dolomite range from 0.7118 to 0.7178, higher than the values of the host limestone and dolostone (0.7092 to 0.7097), but similar to the range of values (0.7108-0.7173) of the sphalerite-hosted fluid inclusions. All the Sr-87/Sr-86 values are radiogenic relative to average secondary dolomites within the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The radiogenic strontium, along with low delta(18)O and delta(13)C values, can be ascribed to relatively high temperature fluids, and also to the influence of siliciclastic sources. Although such fluids are commonly linked to deep burial during Cordilleran deformation, they could also have originated as hydrothermal solutions channeled along intrabasinal faults. The characteristic linear, highly radiogenic lead isotope signature of the exposed northern Rock 7 Mountains Mississippi Valley-type belt is also found in galena from Devonian carbonates in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, along the Presqu'ile barrier and as far east as western Alberta. By contrast, several subsurface samples, including one from directly above the McDonald-Hay River fault, gave uniform, unradiogenic values, identical to the Pine Point cluster. These two strongly contrasting lead populations suggest that two separate fluid sources or pathways existed in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Rb-Sr geochronologic data suggest that the carbonate-hosted Mississippi Valley-type Zn-Pb deposits were coeval with Late Devonian SEDEX Zn-Pb sulfides, while the other isotopic data seats support continuity among the northern Rocky Mountains Mississippi Valley-type ore, SEDEX ore to the west, and hydrothermal dolomite in Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Devonian-Mississippian tectonics on the western margin of North America were dominated by long-lived regional extension caused by slab rollback, which generated back-are and intra-are spreading and exhalative activity. Given this tectonic framework, we propose that carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposits and hydrothermal dolomite in the Canadian Cordillera and the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin were far-field effects of subduction, and that fluids were driven along both reactivated back-arc structures and permeable stratified units. C1 British Columbia Geol Survey Branch, Victoria, BC V8W 9N3, Canada. Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Nalt Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ British Columbia, Geochronol Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Nelson, J (reprint author), British Columbia Geol Survey Branch, Box 9320 Stn Prov Govt, Victoria, BC V8W 9N3, Canada. RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015 NR 97 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 20 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 97 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1036 DI 10.2113/97.5.1013 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 594LC UT WOS:000178050500005 ER PT J AU Ciobanu, M Wilburn, JR Buss, NL Ditavong, P Lowy, DA AF Ciobanu, M Wilburn, JR Buss, NL Ditavong, P Lowy, DA TI Miniaturized reference electrodes based on Ag/AgiX internal reference elements. I. Manufacturing and performance SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE miniaturized reference electrodes; solid-state electrodes; acrylic hydrogels; swelling/dissolution of copolymers; open-circuit potential measurement; selectivity coefficient; temperature coefficient ID STATE REFERENCE ELECTRODE; LIQUID-JUNCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS; CHLORIDE; SENSOR; MICROELECTRODES; FABRICATION; BIOSENSOR; WATERS AB We report the manufacturing and performance of miniaturized reference electrodes (MREs) of wide applicability, with highly stable potential in both aqueous and organic media, and minimal low sensitivity to Cl- ions (- 3.4 mV/log a(Cl-)) and pH (0.082 mV/pH). These MREs are based on an Ag/AgiX internal reference element (IRE), where AgiX is a low solubility silver salt (X = Cl-, SCN-, or PO43-). IREs are imbedded in a photopolymerized acrylic hydrogel, with no solid salt supply present in the system. Polymer matrices were tested for swelling/dissolution, and for loss of both electrolyte and silver ions. MREs have a potential stability of +/-0.5 mV over 30 h, and a low temperature coefficient of 0.15 mV K-1 (in the range of 281.8-298.6 K). C1 Novo Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Analyt Spect Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lowy, DA (reprint author), Novo Res Inc, 1900 Elkin St, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. OI Lowy, Daniel/0000-0003-2210-6757 NR 59 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD AUG PY 2002 VL 14 IS 14 BP 989 EP 997 DI 10.1002/1521-4109(200208)14:14<989::AID-ELAN989>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 590DD UT WOS:000177801800004 ER PT J AU Kertesz, V Deng, HT Asano, KG Hettich, RL Van Berkel, GJ AF Kertesz, V Deng, HT Asano, KG Hettich, RL Van Berkel, GJ TI N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and benzidine oxidation products identified using on-line electrochemistry/electrospray Fourier transform mass spectrometry SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine; benzidine; electrochemistry; oxidation; electrospray; Fourier transform mass spectrometry AB Electrochemical oxidation products of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine and benzidine formed in aqueous methanol solution at pH 4 were identified on the basis of exact molecular mass using electrochemistry coupled on-line with electrospray Fourier transform mass spectrometry. The main N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine oxidation product observed was N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediimine formed by a nominal two-electron, two-proton oxidation process. A less abundant product was identified as the quinone formed by hydrolysis of this oxidized species. In the case of benzidine, the main oxidation product was identified as the cation radical formed by a nominal one-electron oxidation process. No hydrolysis product was observed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spect Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Mora Ferenc Ter 14,I-3, H-9028 Gyor, Hungary. RI Asano, Keiji/L-3164-2016; Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Asano, Keiji/0000-0003-2254-3586; Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797; Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD AUG PY 2002 VL 14 IS 14 BP 1027 EP 1030 DI 10.1002/1521-4109(200208)14:14<1027::AID-ELAN1027>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 590DD UT WOS:000177801800009 ER PT J AU Sasaki, K Levy, PW Isaacs, HS AF Sasaki, K Levy, PW Isaacs, HS TI Electrochemical noise during pitting corrosion of aluminum in chloride environments SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED CORROSION; STAINLESS-STEEL; TRANSITION AB Aluminum shows vigorous fluctuations in current and potential in chloride containing media close to its pitting potential. To determine the source of this noise, we used aqueous solutions, gels with a pH indicator, and currents between interconnected electrodes, to locate pits and study currents generated at freely corroding potentials. We demonstrated that there is a transition in the characteristics of the noise. Transitions occur when pits continue to remain active, and also when more than one active pit is present because of the electrochemical communication that takes place between them. The major source of current and potential transients with aluminum is due to the growth process in active pits, rather than metastable pitting at the passive surface. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Ohio State Univ, Fontana Corros Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sasaki, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Fontana Corros Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 5 IS 8 BP B25 EP B27 DI 10.1149/1.1486822 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 568UG UT WOS:000176562400003 ER PT J AU Abraham, DP Twesten, RD Balasubramanian, M Petrov, I McBreen, J Amine, K AF Abraham, DP Twesten, RD Balasubramanian, M Petrov, I McBreen, J Amine, K TI Surface changes on LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 particles during testing of high-power lithium-ion cells SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium-ion; electron microscopy; LiNi0.8Co0.2O2; surface; bulk ID BATTERIES AB LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 particles from high-power lithium-ion cells were examined to determine material changes that result from accelerated aging tests. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) data indicated a LixNi1-xO-type layer on the particle surfaces. The greater thickness on particles from high-power fade cells indicate that these surface layers are a significant contributor to cathode impedance rise observed during cell tests. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Microanal Mat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Abraham, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; Petrov, Ivan/D-4910-2011 OI Petrov, Ivan/0000-0002-2955-4897 NR 16 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 8 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 4 IS 8 BP 620 EP 625 AR PII S1388-2481(02)00388-0 DI 10.1016/S1388-2481(02)00388-0 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 592LG UT WOS:000177938700004 ER PT J AU Yang, XQ McBreen, J Yoon, WS Grey, CP AF Yang, XQ McBreen, J Yoon, WS Grey, CP TI Crystal structure changes of LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 cathode materials during charge and discharge studied by synchrotron based in situ XRD SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; layered cathodes; lithium manganese nickel oxide; in situ XRD ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LIMNO2 AB The structural changes of LiMn0.5M0.5O2, used as a cathode material in a lithium half-cell, have been studied during charge-discharge using synchrotron based in situ X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. A phase transition from a hexagonal structure (H1) to another hexagonal structure (H2) was observed during a C/17 charge to 4.7 V. The new H2 unit cell has a shorter "a" axis and a longer "c" axis, as was observed in the LiNiO2 cathode material during charge. However, the second phase transition that occurs in LixNiO2 at voltages higher than 4.3 V, to a third hexagonal structure, H3, with much shorter "c" axis, was not observed. During discharge, the LixMn0.5M0.5O2 structure reversibly changed back from H2 to H1. After that, another hexagonal structure H0 with a slightly larger "a" parameter was formed following further discharging. Extended discharge at a voltage near 1 V resulted in an amorphous structure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Yang, XQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 14 TC 65 Z9 74 U1 10 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 4 IS 8 BP 649 EP 654 AR PII S1388-2481(02)00406-X DI 10.1016/S1388-2481(02)00406-X PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 592LG UT WOS:000177938700011 ER PT J AU Klampfl, CW Leitner, T Hilder, EF AF Klampfl, CW Leitner, T Hilder, EF TI Development and optimization of an analytical method for the determination of UV filters in suntan lotions based on microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography suntan lotion; UV filters ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; COSMETIC PRODUCTS; SUNSCREEN AGENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WIDE-RANGE; MICELLAR AB Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) has been applied to the separation of some UV filters (Eusolex 4360, Eusolex 6300, Eusolex OCR, Eusolex 2292, Eusolex 6007, Eusolex 9020, Eusolex HMS, Eusolex OS, and Eusolex 232) commonly found in suntan lotions. The composition of the microemulsion employed was optimized with respect to the best possible separation of the selected analytes using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Two parameters namely the composition of the mixed surfactant system comprising the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and neutral Brij 35 and the amount of organic modifier (2-propanol) present in the aqueous phase of the microemulsion were modeled. Using an optimized MEEKC buffer consisting of 2.25 g SDS, 0.75 g Brij 35, 6.6 g 1-butanol, 0.8 g n-octane, 17.5 g 2-propanol, and 72.1 g of 10 mm borate buffer (pH 9.2), eight target analytes could be separated in under 25 min employing a diode-array detector to segregate the overlapping signals obtained for Eusolex 9020 and Eusolex HMS. Detection limits from 0.8 to 6.0 mug/mL were obtained and the calibration plots were linear over at least one order of magnitude. The optimized method could be applied to the determination of Eusolex 6300 and Eusolex 9020 in a commercial suntan lotion. C1 Johannes Kepler Univ, Dept Analyt Chem, A-4040 Linz, Austria. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Klampfl, CW (reprint author), Johannes Kepler Univ, Dept Analyt Chem, Altenbergerstr 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria. RI Hilder, Emily/A-1001-2009 OI Klampfl, Christian/0000-0001-9139-4022; Hilder, Emily/0000-0002-4444-7870 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 15 BP 2424 EP 2429 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200208)23:15<2424::AID-ELPS2424>3.0.CO;2-U PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 585LN UT WOS:000177526400011 PM 12210198 ER PT J AU Modera, MP Brzozowski, O Carrie, FR Dickerhoff, DJ Delp, WW Fisk, WJ Levinson, R Wang, D AF Modera, MP Brzozowski, O Carrie, FR Dickerhoff, DJ Delp, WW Fisk, WJ Levinson, R Wang, D TI Sealing ducts in large commercial buildings with aerosolized sealant particles SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE ducts; leakage; SMACNA ID SYSTEMS; LEAKAGE AB Electricity energy savings potential by eliminating air leakage from ducts in large commercial buildings is on the order of 10 kWh/m(2) per year (1 kWh/ft(2)). We have tested, in two large commercial buildings, a new technology that simultaneously seals duct leaks and measures effective leak-age area of ducts. The technology is based upon injecting a fog of aerosolized sealant particles into a pressurized duct system. In brief, this process involves blocking all of the intentional openings in a duct system (e.g. diffusers). Therefore, when the system is pressurized, the only place for the air carrying the aerosol particles to exit the system is through the leaks. The key to the technology is to keep the particles suspended within the airstream until they reach the leaks, and then to have them leave the airstream and deposit on the leak sites. The principal finding from this field study was that the aerosol technology is capable of seating the leaks in a large commercial building duct system within a reasonable time frame. In the first building, 66% of the leakage area was sealed within 2.5 h of injection, and in the second building 86% of the leakage area was sealed within 5 h. We also found that the aerosol could be blown through the VAV boxes in the second building without impacting their calibrations or performance, Some remaining questions are: (1) how to achieve sealing rates comparable to those experienced in smaller residential systems; and (2) what tightness level these ducts systems can be brought to by means of aerosol sealing. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Modera, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Carrie, Francois Remi/0000-0002-5021-7166 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 34 IS 7 BP 705 EP 714 AR PII S0378-7788(01)00120-7 DI 10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00120-7 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 564QF UT WOS:000176324500003 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Worrell, E AF Kim, Y Worrell, E TI International comparison of CO2 emission trends in the iron and steel industry SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE decomposition analysis; CO2 emissions; iron and steel industry ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; DECOMPOSITION; INTENSITY; INDICATORS; CHINA AB In this paper, we present an in-depth decomposition analysis of trends in CO2 emissions in the iron and steel industry using physical indicators. Physical indicators allow a detailed analysis of intra-sectoral trends, in contrast to the mostly used monetary indicators. Detailed decomposition analysis makes it possible to link developments in energy intensity to technology change and (indirectly) to policy. We present an analysis for the iron and steel industry in seven countries, i.e. Brazil, China, India (developing countries), Mexico and South Korea (newly industrialized countries) and the United States (industrialized country). We found substantial differences in energy efficiency among these countries. In most countries the increased (or decreased) production was the main contributor to changes in CO2 emissions, while energy-efficiency was the main factor reducing emission intensities of steel production in almost all countries. Changes in power generation contributed to a reduction of specific emissions in the case of South Korea only. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Technol Econ Res Team, Yusong Gu, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Nalt Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Technol Econ Res Team, Yusong Gu, 161 Kajong Dong, Taejon 305350, South Korea. RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 25 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 10 BP 827 EP 838 AR PII S0301-4215(01)00130-6 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00130-6 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 586VD UT WOS:000177605800002 ER PT J AU Aschheim, MA Black, EF Cuesta, I AF Aschheim, MA Black, EF Cuesta, I TI Theory of principal components analysis and applications to multistory frame buildings responding to seismic excitation SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE dynamic response; mode shapes; nonlinear static procedures; principal components analysis; equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems; seismic design AB Described herein is a technique of multivariate statistical analysis applied to the post-processing of dynamic response data. The data may represent the linear or nonlinear response of structures, and may be obtained from computed simulations or from the measured response of instrumented structures. When applied to displacement response data, an ordered set of orthonormal mode shapes is obtained. The principal components analysis (PCA) mode shapes coincide with or are related to the elastic mode shapes for linear elastic systems, and depart from these shapes as nonlinear response becomes more prominent. The PCA modes provide an unambiguous and simple description of the 'predominant' mode of structures responding to earthquake ground motions, and thus improve the theoretical basis of nonlinear static procedures that use 'equivalent' single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems for representing the response of structures subjected to damaging earthquake ground motions (e.g. the capacity spectrum and displacement coefficient methods). Where greater fidelity is desired, the most efficient representations are obtained by including as few PCA modes as are needed for the degree of precision desired. This paper presents the theory of PCA and illustrates its application to a 12-story frame building responding linearly and nonlinearly to earthquake ground motions. 'Equivalent' SDOF models of the structure are developed based on the PCA mode shapes, and these are applied to estimate the computed displacement histories. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mid Amer Earthquake Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA WR, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aschheim, MA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mid Amer Earthquake Ctr, 205 N Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1091 EP 1103 AR PII S0141-0296(02)00036-6 DI 10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00036-6 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 574XF UT WOS:000176914700009 ER PT J AU Saghir, SA Schultz, IR AF Saghir, SA Schultz, IR TI Low-dose pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of dichloroacetate in naive and GST zeta-depleted rats SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE animal study; dichloroacetic acid; drinking water disinfection by-products; halogenated acetic acids; human risk assessment; human in vitro metabolism; low-dose pharmacokinetics; oral bioavailability; rat in vitro metabolism; toxicology ID GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE-ZETA; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; SODIUM DICHLOROACETATE; LACTIC-ACIDOSIS; DRINKING-WATER; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; BLOOD-FLOW; HUMANS; METABOLISM; ACIDS AB We studied the pharmacokinetics of dichloroacetate (DCA) in naive rats and rats depleted of glutathione S-transferase-zeta (GSTzeta), at doses approaching human daily exposure levels. We also compared in vitro metabolism of DCA by rat and human liver cytosol. Jugular vein-cannulated male Fischer-344 rats received graded doses of DCA ranging from 0.05 to 20 mg/kg (intravenously or by gavage), and we collected time-course blood samples from the cannulas. GSTzeta activity was depleted by exposing rats to 0.2 g/L DCA in drinking water for 7 days before initiation of pharmacokinetic studies. Elimination of DCA by naive rats was so rapid that only 1-20 mg/kg intravenous and 5 and 20 mg/kg gavage doses provided plasma concentrations above the method detection limit of 6 ng/mL. GSTzeta depletion slowed DCA elimination from plasma, allowing kinetic analysis of doses as low as 0.05 mg/kg. DCA elimination was strongly dose dependent in the naive rats, with total body clearance declining with increasing dose. In the GSTzeta-depleted rats, the pharmacokinetics became linear at doses less than or equal to 1 mg/kg. Virtually all of the dose was eliminated through metabolic clearance; the rate of urinary elimination was < 1 mL/hr/kg. At higher oral doses (&GE; 5 mg/kg in GSTζ-depleted and 20 mg/kg in naive rats), secondary peaks in the plasma concentration appeared long after the completion of the initial absorption phase. Oral bioavailability of DCA was 0-13% in naive and 14-75% in GSTζ-depleted rats. Oral bioavailability of DCA in humans through consumption of drinking water was predicted to be very low and < 1%. The use of the GSTzeta-depleted rat as a model for assessing the kinetics of DCA in humans is supported by the similarity in pharmacokinetic parameter estimates and rate of in vitro metabolism of DCA by human and GSTzeta-depleted rat liver cytosol. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Schultz, IR (reprint author), Battelle MSL, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 110 IS 8 BP 757 EP 763 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 583FK UT WOS:000177395900028 PM 12153755 ER PT J AU Gu, BH Watson, DB Wu, LY Phillips, DH White, DC Zhou, JZ AF Gu, BH Watson, DB Wu, LY Phillips, DH White, DC Zhou, JZ TI Microbiological characteristics in a zero-valent iron reactive barrier SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE diversity; DNA; iron barriers; microbial activity; microorganisms ID LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; REMEDIATION; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTASE; CHLOROFORM; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; HYDROGEN; GENES AB Zero-valent iron (Fe-0)-based permeable reactive barrier treatment has been generating great interest for passive groundwater remediation, yet few studies have paid particular attention to the microbial activity and characteristics within and in the vicinity of the Fe-0-barrier matrix. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the microbial population and community composition in the reducing zone of influence by Fe-0 corrosion in the barrier at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant site. Both phospholipid fatty acids and DNA analyses were used to determine the total microbial population and microbial functional groups, including sulfate-reducing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and methanogens, in groundwater and soil/iron core samples. A diverse microbial community was identified in the strongly reducing Fe-0 environment despite a relatively high pH condition within the Fe-0 barrier (up to pH similar to 10). In comparison with those found in the background soil/groundwater samples, the enhanced microbial population ranged from similar to 1 to 3 orders of magnitude and appeared to increase from upgradient of the barrier to downgradient soil. In addition, microbial community composition appeared to change over time, and the bacterial types of microorganisms increased consistently as the barrier aged. DNA analysis indicated the presence of sulfate-reducing and denitrifying bacteria in the barrier and its surrounding soil. However, the activity of methanogens was found to be relatively low, presumably as a result of the competition by sulfate/metal-reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria because of the unlimited availability of sulfate and nitrate in the site groundwater. Results of this study provide evidence of a diverse microbial population within and in the vicinity of the iron barrier, although the important roles of microbial activity, either beneficially or detrimentally, on the longevity and enduring efficiency of the Fe-0 barriers are yet to be evaluated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gu, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Phillips, Debra/F-1828-2010; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Phillips, Debra/0000-0001-8548-7409; Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 30 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 77 IS 3 BP 293 EP 309 DI 10.1023/A:1016092808563 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566EH UT WOS:000176413700005 PM 12194417 ER PT J AU Wolfrum, EJ Huang, J Blake, DM Maness, PC Huang, Z Fiest, J Jacoby, WA AF Wolfrum, EJ Huang, J Blake, DM Maness, PC Huang, Z Fiest, J Jacoby, WA TI Photocatalytic oxidation of bacteria, bacterial and fungal spores, and model biofilm components to carbon dioxide on titanium dioxide-coated surfaces SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TIO2; DEGRADATION; AIR; XYLENE AB We report carbon mass balance and kinetic data for the total oxidation of cells, spores, and biomolecules deposited on illuminated titanium dioxide surfaces in contact with air. Carbon dioxide formation by photocatalytic oxidation of methanol, glucose, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis(cells and spores), Aspergillus niger spores, phosphatidylethanolamine, bovine serum albumin, and gum xanthan was determined as a function of time. The quantitative data provide mass balance and rate information for removal of these materials from a photocatalytic surface, This kind of information is important for applications of photocatalytic chemistry in air and water purification and disinfection, self-cleaning surfaces, and the development of self-cleaning air filters. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Blake, DM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 30 TC 160 Z9 167 U1 6 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 15 BP 3412 EP 3419 DI 10.1021/es011423j PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 580PH UT WOS:000177242600051 PM 12188373 ER PT J AU Brandt, CA Becker, JM Porta, A AF Brandt, CA Becker, JM Porta, A TI Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and terrestrial biota after a spill of crude oil in Trecate, Italy SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biomagnification; biota-soil accumulation factors; crude oil; quantitative structure-activity relationships ID ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; CONTAMINATED SOILS; SEDIMENT; MODEL; BIOACCUMULATION; PETROLEUM; BIOCONCENTRATION; ACCUMULATION; WATER; RAT AB Ecological and human health exposures from soil-based petroleum-derived contaminants commonly are estimated by using soil-to-biota transfer factors that usually are based on octanol-water partitioning, Few studies of biota have been conducted in relation to spills of crude oils in terrestrial environments. After a large blowout of crude oil in northern Italy in 1994 the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was examined over time and space in soils, uncultivated wild vegetation. insects, mice. and frogs in the area. Within two years of the blowout. PAH concentrations declined to background levels over much of the area where initial concentrations were within an order of magnitude above background, but had not declined to background in areas where starting concentrations exceeded background by two orders of magnitude, Octanol water partitioning and extent of alkylation explained much of the variance in uptake of PAHs by plants and animals, The PAHs with lower octanol-water partition coefficients (K(OW)s) and higher-alkylated PAHs had higher biota-soil accumulation factors (BSAFs) than did high-K-OW and unalkylated forms. The BSAFs for PAHs with higher K(OW)s were very low for plants, but much higher for animals, with frogs accumulating more of these compounds than other species. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Europe, CH-1227 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Brandt, CA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, POB 888,K6-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 41 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1638 EP 1643 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1638:DOPAHI>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 573GM UT WOS:000176821000014 PM 12152763 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Stewart, AJ Alarcon, C McMillen, SJ AF Callaham, MA Stewart, AJ Alarcon, C McMillen, SJ TI Effects of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw additions on selected properties of petroleum-contaminated soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE petroleum; bioremediation; earthworms; soil respiration ID PLANT-GROWTH; BIOREMEDIATION; DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN AB Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as, possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. To test a postbioremediation technique. we added earthworms (Eisenia fetida) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biological quality of the soil as responses in plant growth. oil respiration, and oil and grease (O&G) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Results indicated that plant growth was greater tit earthworm-treated land-farm soil. Furthermore. addition of wheat straw resulted in greater total respiration in all soils tested (land-farm soil, noncontaminated reference soil. and a 1:1 mixture of land-farm and reference soils), We observed a 30% increase in soil respiration in straw-amended oily soil, whereas respiration increased by 246% in straw-amended reference Oil. Much Of the difference between oily and reference Soils vas attributable to higher basal respiration rates of nonamended oils soil compared to nonamended reference soil. Addition of earthworms resulted in greater total respiration of all soil and straw treatments except two (the land-farm and the 1:1 mixture soil treatments without straw). Straw and earthworm treatment, did not affect O&G or TPH concentrations, Nevertheless,our findings that earthworm additions improved plant growth and that straw additions enhanced microbial activity in land-farm soil suggest that these treatments may be compatible with plant-based remediation techniques currently under evaluation in field trials. and could reduce the time required to restore soil ecosystem function. C1 Intevep SA, PDVSA, Ecol & Environm Dept, Caracas 1070A, Venezuela. Chevron Corp, Chevron Res & Technol, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Callaham, MA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 14 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1658 EP 1663 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 573GM UT WOS:000176821000017 PM 12152766 ER PT J AU Whitney, P Chen, G AF Whitney, P Chen, G TI Screening the Hanford tanks for trapped gas SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Environmetrics and Chemometrics CY SEP 08-20, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE nuclear waste; flammable gas; Hanford AB The Hanford Site is home to 177 large, underground nuclear waste storage tanks. This article describes a screening study carried out in the mid 1990s that used the tank waste level measurements to assess the tanks for potential flammable gas hazards. At the time of the study, 25 of the 177 tanks were on the flammable gas watch list. The use of this monitoring data provided additional insight, resulting in operational changes on the Hanford site. The waste level measurements used in this study were made primarily to monitor the tanks for leaks and intrusions. Four measurement devices are widely used in these tanks. Three of these measure the level of the waste surface. The remaining device measures from within a well embedded in the waste, thereby monitoring the liquid level even if the liquid level is below a dry waste crust. The data from each of the four measurement devices were utilized in this investigation. The analytic method used for this screening was to look for an inverse correlation between waste level measurements and ambient atmospheric pressure. If the waste level in a tank decreases with an increase in ambient atmospheric pressure, then the compressibility may be attributed to gas trapped within the waste. In this article, this methodology is not used to estimate the volume of gas trapped in the waste. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99252 USA. RP Whitney, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99252 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG-SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 411 EP 427 DI 10.1002/env.533 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 600BP UT WOS:000178371000002 ER PT J AU Pietrobelli, A Nunez, C Zingaretti, G Battistini, N Morini, P Wang, ZM Yasumura, S Heymsfield, SB AF Pietrobelli, A Nunez, C Zingaretti, G Battistini, N Morini, P Wang, ZM Yasumura, S Heymsfield, SB TI Assessment by bioimpedance of forearm cell mass: a new approach to calibration SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition; skeletal muscle; cell mass; (40)K counting ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BODY-COMPOSITION; PREDICTION; TOMOGRAPHY; VALIDATION AB Objective: Changes in skeletal muscle mass are involved in several important clinical disorders including sarcopenia and obesity. Unlike body fat, skeletal muscle is difficult to quantify in vivo, particularly without highly specialized equipment. The present study had a two-fold aim: to develop a regional 4 K counter for non-invasively estimating cell mass in the arm, mainly skeletal muscle cell mass, without radiation exposure; and to test the hypothesis that cell mass in the arm is highly correlated with electrical impedance after adjusting for the arm's length. Methods: Forearm cell mass was estimated using a rectangular lead-shielded 4 K counter with 4-Nal crystals; impedance of the arm was measured at multiple frequencies using a segmental bioimpedance analysis (BIA) system. The system's within- and between-day coefficient of variation (CV) for (40)K-derived elemental potassium averaged 1.8 +/- 1.3 and 5.8 +/- 1.2%, respectively. The corresponding BIA system's CVs were 1.0 +/- 0.4 and 2.1 +/- 1.0%, respectively. Subjects and results: Participants in the study were 15 healthy adults (eight females, seven males; age 39 +/- 2.8y, BMI 22.9 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2)). The right arm's K (5.2 +/- 1.7g) was highly correlated with length-adjusted impedance (r(2) = 0.81, 0.82, and 0.83 for 5, 50 and 300 kHz, respectively; all P < 0.001); multiple regression analysis showed no additional improvement by adding age or sex to the prediction models. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the feasibility of calibrating BIA-measured electrical properties of the arm against estimates of arm cell mass, mainly of skeletal muscle, obtained by regional 4 K counting. This simple and practical approach should facilitate the development of BIA-based regional cell mass prediction formulas. Sponsorship: National Institutes of Health grants RR00645 and NIDDK 42618. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Verona, Pediat Unit, I-37100 Verona, Italy. Univ Modena, Dept Human Nutr, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Heymsfield, SB (reprint author), Obes Res Ctr, 1090 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM SBH2@Columbia.Edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00645]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 42618] NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 56 IS 8 BP 723 EP 728 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601384 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 583QL UT WOS:000177419300004 PM 12122547 ER PT J AU Hickenbottom, SJ Lemke, SL Dueker, SR Lin, YM Follett, JR Carkeet, C Buchholz, BA Vogel, JS Clifford, AJ AF Hickenbottom, SJ Lemke, SL Dueker, SR Lin, YM Follett, JR Carkeet, C Buchholz, BA Vogel, JS Clifford, AJ TI Dual isotope test for assessing beta-carotene cleavage to vitamin A in humans SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin A; beta-carotene; AMS; stable isotope; carbon-14; human ID INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOUBLE-TRACER; METABOLISM; CONVERSION; PLASMA; MEN; VARIABILITY; INDONESIA; CHILDREN AB Background The ability of beta-carotene to deliver bioactive retinoids to tissues is highly variable. A clearer understanding of the environmental and genetic factors that modulate the vitamin A potential of beta-carotene is needed. Aim of study Assess the vitamin A value of orally administered beta-carotene relative to a co-administered reference dose of preformed vitamin A. Methods Equimolar doses (30 mumol) of hexadeuterated D(6) beta-carotene and D(6) retinyl acetate were orally co-administered in an emulsified formulation to a male subject. The plasma concentration time courses of D(6) retinol (derived from D(6) retinyl acetate) and bioderived D(3) retinol (from D(6) beta-carotene) were determined for 554 h postdosing using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Intact D(6) beta-carotene plasma concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The ratio of the two forms of vitamin A, D(6) retinol/D(3) retinol, at any single time point is postulated to reflect the quantity of vitamin A derived from beta-carotene relative to preformed vitamin A. Additionally, a minute amount of (14)C beta-carotene (50 nCi; 0.27 mug) was included in the oral dose and cumulative 24-h stool and urine samples were collected for two weeks to follow absorption and excretion of the beta-carotene. The 14C nuclide was detected using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Results During the absorption/distribution phase (3-11 h) the D(6)/D(3) ratio of the two retinols was not stable and ranged between a value of 3 and 16. Between 11 and 98 h postdosing the ratio was relatively stable with a mean value of 8.5 (95% CI: 7.5, 8.7). These data suggest that in this subject and under these conditions, 8.5 moles of beta-carotene would provide a vitamin A quantity equivalent to 1 mole of preformed vitamin A. On a mass basis, 15.9 mug of beta-carotene was equivalent to 1 mug of retinol. The total administered beta-carotene was found to be 55% absorbed by AMS analysis of cumulative stool. Conclusion The co-administration of D(6) beta-carotene and D6 retinyl acetate provides a technique for assessing individual ability to process beta-carotene to vitamin A. The results indicate that a single time point taken between 11-98 h after dose administration may provide a reliable value for the relative ratio of the two forms of vitamin A. However, results from more subjects are needed to assess the general utility of this method. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dueker, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, 3217A Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM srdueker@ucdavis.edu RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR13461]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK48307] NR 36 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1436-6207 J9 EUR J NUTR JI Eur. J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 41 IS 4 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1007/s00394-002-0368-0 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 597XJ UT WOS:000178245800001 PM 12242581 ER PT J AU Calmet, X Fritzsch, H AF Calmet, X Fritzsch, H TI The cosmological evolution of the nucleon mass and the electroweak coupling constants SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; UNIFIED GAUGE-THEORIES AB Starting from astrophysical indications that the fine structure constant might undergo a small cosmological time shift, we discuss the implications of such an effect from the point of view of particle physics. Grand unification implies small time shifts for the nucleon mass, the magnetic moment of the nucleon and the weak coupling constant as well. The relative change of the nucleon mass is about 40 times larger than the relative change of a. Laboratory measurements using very advanced methods in quantum optics might soon reveal small time shifts of the nucleon mass, the magnetic moment of the nucleon and the fine structure constant. C1 Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Calmet, X (reprint author), Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. NR 22 TC 156 Z9 156 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD AUG PY 2002 VL 24 IS 4 BP 639 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s10052-002-0976-0 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 588BC UT WOS:000177679700014 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL AF Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL TI Impurity in a Maxwellian unforced granular fluid SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE SEGREGATION; HEAVY-PARTICLE; BRAZIL NUTS; MODEL; COLLISIONS; EQUATIONS; SHAKING; FLOWS AB We investigate velocity statistics of an impurity immersed in a uniform granular fluid. We consider the cooling phase, and obtain scaling solutions of the inelastic Maxwell model analytically. First, we analyze identical fluid-fluid and fluid-impurity collision rates. We show that light impurities have similar velocity statistics as the fluid background, although their temperature is generally different. Asymptotically, the temperature ratio increases with the impurity mass, and it diverges at some critical mass. Impurities heavier than this critical mass essentially scatter off a static fluid background. We then analyze an improved inelastic Maxwell model with collision rates that are proportional to the average fluid-fluid and fluid-impurity relative velocities. Here, the temperature ratio remains finite, and the system is always in the light-impurity phase. Nevertheless, ratios of sufficiently high-order moments / may diverge, a consequence of the multiscaling asymptotic behavior. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 507 EP 515 DI 10.1140/epje/i2002-10034-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 621EF UT WOS:000179575000007 PM 15015123 ER PT J AU Ramshaw, JD AF Ramshaw, JD TI Remarks on non-Hamiltonian statistical mechanics SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONEQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STEADY-STATES; FLUID-FLOWS; THERMODYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB A previous brief summary of some basic relations in non-Hamiltonian statistical mechanics (Ramshaw J. D., Phys. Lett. A, 116 (1986) 110) is generalized to allow for an arbitrary time-dependent metric in phase space, thereby permitting a comparison with the formulation of Tuckerman et al. (TEA) (Europhys. Lett., 45 ( 1999) 149). It is shown that a) the generalized Liouville equation (GLE) in the earlier work is rigorously valid in general, and moreover is completely equivalent to the GLE of TEA; and b) the time-dependent metric factor g in the volume form used by TEA is itself a solution of the GLE, and consequently becomes singular and unacceptable for systems with attractors in steady state. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ramshaw, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00196-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 581QP UT WOS:000177304600001 ER PT J AU Duignan, MR Nash, CA Townson, PS AF Duignan, MR Nash, CA Townson, PS TI Cross-flow filtration with a shear-thinning organic-based slurry SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Multiphase Flow CY MAY 27-JUN 01, 2001 CL TULANE UNIV, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA HO TULANE UNIV DE filtration; cross-flow; radioactive; Hanford; pretreatment ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; MICROFILTRATION; FLUX; ULTRAFILTRATION; MODEL AB The Department of Energy is sponsoring the River Protection Project, which includes the design of a facility to stabilize liquid radioactive waste that is stored at the Hanford Site. The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) of the Westinghouse Savannah River Company was contracted to develop and test parts of the waste treatment process. One part of the process is the separation of highly radioactive solids from the liquid wastes by precipitation and cross-flow filtration. A cross-flow filter was tested with simulated wastes made to represent typical waste chemical and physical characteristics. This paper discusses the results of a cross-flow filter operation in a pilot-scale facility that was designed, built, and run by the Experimental Thermal Fluids Laboratory of SRTC. The waste simulant had an insoluble solids loading from 2 to 22 wt.%, with particle sizes from I to 2 mum and 5 to 10 mum in diameter. The filter contained seven 316L stainless steel sintered-metal tubes in parallel. Each tube was identical, being 1.01 m long, 9.5 mm inside diameter, and membrane thickness of 1.6 mm. The porous tubes were made to capture 95% of particles greater than or equal to 0.1 mum. The flow conditions for the test varied: Axial slurry velocities from 3 to 5 m/s and transmembrane pressures (TMP) from 200 to 500 kPa, at a temperature of 298 K. The results showed good separation for the Newtonian slurry with solids loadings of 2 wt.%. Under the flow conditions of a slurry velocity of 3.5 m/s and a TMP of 400 kPa, the observed filtrate flux was 17 cm/h (Volumetric flow rate per filter surface area (cm(3)/h/cm(2)) was reduced to cm/h for convenience. Other commonly used units for filter flux include: I cm/h = 10 l/m(2)/h = 0.0041 gpm/ft(2).): meeting the plant design need of 16 cm/h. As the insoluble solids loading was increased to 22 wt.% the slurry became a shear thinning, thixotropic fluid, with a yield stress of 5.5 Pa and a consistency of 23 mPa s. Despite the changing rheology the filtrate flux continued, but dropped to 2.4 cm/h. (C) 2002 M. R. Duignan. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. BNFL Inc, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Duignan, MR (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0894-1777 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 6-7 BP 683 EP 691 AR PII S0894-1777(02)00191-7 DI 10.1016/S0894-1777(02)00191-7 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA 598PF UT WOS:000178284700012 ER PT J AU Powers, LG Mills, HJ Palumbo, AV Zhang, CL Delaney, K Sobecky, PA AF Powers, LG Mills, HJ Palumbo, AV Zhang, CL Delaney, K Sobecky, PA TI Introduction of a plasmid-encoded phoA gene for constitutive overproduction of alkaline phosphatase in three subsurface Pseudomonas isolates SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterium; metal; uranium; phosphate ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; CITROBACTER SP; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; STABLE MAINTENANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AQUEOUS FLOWS; PARCBA OPERON; HEAVY-METALS; BIOREMEDIATION; URANIUM AB Three bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas fluorescens F1, Pseudomonas rhodesiae R1 and Pseudomonas veronii V1 were genetically modified by introduction of a plasmid, pJH123, with a phoA hybrid gene that directed constitutive overproduction of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. The presence of the plasmid in the bacterial hosts elevated extracytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase production from 100- to 820-fold. The growth and survival of the plasmid-bearing hosts in sterilized soil slurries was comparable to parental control strains. In the absence of antibiotic selection, pJH123 was maintained in two of the three hosts (P. fluorescens F1 and P. veronii V1) during incubation in minimal medium. The effects of the genetically enhanced pseudomonads on the liberation of inorganic phosphate (PO43-) were determined in sterilized soil slurries following the addition of an organophosphorus compound, glycerol-3-phosphate. A significant accumulation of PO43- was measured in soil slurries amended with 10 mM glycerol-3-phosphate and any of the three phosphatase-enhanced pseudomonad isolates. In contrast, soil slurries containing unmodified parental strains did not exhibit significant PO43- accumulation. Two of the three enhanced phosphate-liberating strains released sufficient PO43- that cell-free supernatants from sterilized soil slurry incubations removed significant amounts of uranium (as much as 69%) from solution. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sobecky, PA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, 310 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 115 EP 123 AR PII S0168-6496(02)00263-5 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00972.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 586LG UT WOS:000177585000004 PM 19709245 ER PT J AU You, Y Chen, JS Voth, TE AF You, Y Chen, JS Voth, TE TI Characteristics of semi- and full discretization of stabilized Galerkin meshfree method SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Melosh Competition CY MAR 30, 2001 CL DUKE UNIV, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV DE stabilized conforming nodal integration; meshfree methods; reproducing kernel particle method; discretization error ID PARTICLE METHODS; INTEGRATION AB Stabilized conforming nodal integration (SCNI) has been developed to enhance computational efficiency of Galerkin meshfree methods. This paper employs von Neumann analyses to study the spatial semi-discretization of Galerkin meshfree methods using SCNI. Two model problems were presented with respect to the normalized phase speed and group speed for the wave equation, and normalized diffusivity for the heat equation. Both consistent and lumped mass (capacity) discretizations are considered in the study. The transient properties in the full discretization of the two model problems were also analyzed. The results show superior dispersion behavior in meshfree methods integrated by SCNI compared to the Gauss integration when consistent mass (capacity) matrix is employed in the discretization. For the lumped mass case, SCNI performance is comparable to that of the Gauss integration, but exhibits considerable reduction of computational time. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5731G Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 BP 999 EP 1012 AR PII S0168-874X(02)00090-2 DI 10.1016/S0168-874X(02)00090-2 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 561QM UT WOS:000176153100009 ER PT J AU Phuoc, TX White, FP AF Phuoc, TX White, FP TI Laser-induced spark for measurements of the fuel-to-air ratio of a combustible mixture SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE laser-induced spark; fuel-to-air ratio; CH4-air mixtures ID SPECTROSCOPY AB This work investigates the use of the laser-induced gas breakdown for fuel-to-air ratio measurements. In essence, we examine the late time behavior of the line radiation at the wavelength of the Halpha-lines and the 0 1 triplet emitted from the laser-induced spark in CH4-air mixtures. Sparks were produced using a single-mode, Q-switched Nd-YAG laser. The laser produced a beam of 6 mm in diameter at the wavelength of 1064 nm and a pulse duration of 5.5 ns. For the equivalence ratio from 0.1 to 5.0, the radiation intensity ratio of the Halpha-lines to the O 1 triplet increased linearly with the equivalence ratio. For the laser energy from 10 to 50 mJ it was independent of the laser energy when the laser energy was higher than 20 mJ. The technique, therefore, has a potential for measuring the fuel-to-air ratio of a combustible flow environment. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Phuoc, TX (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940,MS 84-340, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 9 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD AUG PY 2002 VL 81 IS 13 BP 1761 EP 1765 AR PII S0016-2361(02)00105-9 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00105-9 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 580DF UT WOS:000177218900015 ER PT J AU Johnson, T Gerrish, PJ AF Johnson, T Gerrish, PJ TI The fixation probability of a beneficial allele in a population dividing by binary fission SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE binary fission; branching process; fixation probability ID NATURAL-SELECTION; MUTATIONS AB We derive formulae for the fixation probability, P, of a rare benefical allele segregating in a population of fixed size which reproduces by binary fission, in terms of the selection coefficient for the beneficial allele, s. We find that an earlier result P similar or equal to 4 does not depend on the assumption of binary fission, but depends on an assumption about the ordering of events in the life cycle. We find that P similar or equal to 2 for mutations occurring during chromosome replication and P similar or equal to 2.8 for mutations occurring at random times between replication events. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, T (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. OI Gerrish, Philip/0000-0001-6393-0553; Johnson, Toby/0000-0002-5998-3270 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD AUG PY 2002 VL 115 IS 3 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1023/A:1020687416478 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 603CL UT WOS:000178541200006 PM 12440568 ER PT J AU Stapleton, M Liao, GC Brokstein, P Hong, L Carninci, P Shiraki, T Hayashizaki, Y Champe, M Pacleb, J Wan, K Yu, C Carlson, J George, R Celniker, S Rubin, GM AF Stapleton, M Liao, GC Brokstein, P Hong, L Carninci, P Shiraki, T Hayashizaki, Y Champe, M Pacleb, J Wan, K Yu, C Carlson, J George, R Celniker, S Rubin, GM TI The Drosophila gene collection: Identification of putative full-length cDNAs for 70% of D-melanogaster genes SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENOME ANNOTATION ASSESSMENT; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; TRAPPER-SELECTED CDNAS; CAP-TRAPPER; DISCOVERY; NORMALIZATION; SUBTRACTION; GENERATION; LIBRARIES; PROJECT AB Collections of full-length nonredundant cDNA clones are critical reagents for functional genomics. The first step toward these resources is the generation and single-pass sequencing of cDNA libraries that contain a high proportion of full-length clones. The first release of the Drosophila Gene Collection Release 1 (DGCr1) was produced from six libraries representing various tissues, developmental stages, and the Cultured S2 cell line. Nearly 80,000 random 5' expressed sequence tags (5' expressed sequence tags [ESTs]from these libraries were collapsed into a nonredundant set of 5849 cDNAs, corresponding to similar to40% of the 13,474 predicted genes in Drosophila. To obtain cDNA clones representing the remaining genes, we have generated an additional 157,835 S' ESTs from two previously existing and three new libraries. One new library is derived from adult testis, a tissue we previously did not exploit for gene discovery; two new cap-trapped normalized libraries are derived from 0-22-h embryos and adult heads. Taking advantage of the annotated D. melanogaster genome sequence, we clustered the ESTs by aligning them to the genome. Clusters that overlap genes not already represented by cDNA clones in the DGCr1 were analyzed further, and putative full-length clones were selected for inclusion in the new DGC. This second release of the DGC (DGCr2) contains 5061 additional clones, extending the collection to 10,910 cDNAs representing >70% of the predicted genes in Drosophila. C1 Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Berkeley Drosophila Genom Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RIKEN, Yokohama Inst, Genom Sci Ctr, Genome Explorat Res Grp,Tsurumi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapleton, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Berkeley Drosophila Genom Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Carninci, Piero/K-1568-2014; OI Carninci, Piero/0000-0001-7202-7243; Rubin, Gerald/0000-0001-8762-8703 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [P50 HG00750] NR 20 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 4 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1294 EP 1300 DI 10.1101/gr.269102 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 583WQ UT WOS:000177434300017 PM 12176937 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BM Torgersen, T van Soest, MC AF Kennedy, BM Torgersen, T van Soest, MC TI Multiple atmospheric noble gas components in hydrocarbon reservoirs: A study of the Northwest Shelf, Delaware Basin, SE New Mexico SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HELIUM ACCUMULATION; DEGASSING FLUX; CRUSTAL HE-4; WEST TEXAS; OIL-FIELD; RARE-GAS; WATER; ADSORPTION; NEON; PALEOTEMPERATURE AB The Northwest Shelf of the Delaware Basin, SE New Mexico is the site of several large and productive oil and gas fields. The most productive reservoirs are located in the late Pennsylvanian Morrow and early Permian Abo formations. Production from the latter more important play is predominately from fluvial Abo red beds of the Pecos Slope Field. The oxidizing conditions implied by the reddish color of the formation require an external hydrocarbon source. To test the existing migration model for the region and constrain the location of potential hydrocarbon sources, we measured the elemental and isotopic composition of noble gases produced along with the hydrocarbons. We found the hydrocarbons to be highly enriched in radiogeniC He-4, Ar-40* and nucleogeniC Ne-21* [F(He-4) = 44,000-250,000; Ar-40/Ar-36 = 400-3145; Ne-21/Ne-22 = 0.044-0.071]. The greatest enrichments occur in the Pecos Slope gas fields. The hydrocarbons also contain three independent nonradiogenic noble gas components each with an atmospheric isotopic composition. One component is most likely air-saturated water (ASW). The second component is enriched in the heavy noble gases [F(Xe-130) > 8.5] and is derived from the hydrocarbon sources. The third component is enriched in Ne [F(Ne-20) > 0.8] that we believe is degassed from sources within the reservoirs. This component is correlated with but decoupled from the dominant source of radiogenie He-4 and Ar-40*. Very high concentrations of He-4 (up to similar to1% by volume) in the Pecos slope reservoirs require a source external to the reservoirs, such as the underlying Precambrian basement granites and sedimentary equivalents. Structural buckles cutting through the Pecos field may act as high flux vertical pathways for the radiogeniC 4 He. If the hydrocarbons in the Pecos slope fields have migrated northward from the deeper Delaware Basin, as suggested by compositional trends, then perhaps the buckles also play an important role in the distribution and filling of the Pecos slope reservoirs. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Kennedy, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 16 BP 2807 EP 2822 AR PII S0016-7037(02)00883-9 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00883-9 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 582XJ UT WOS:000177376200001 ER PT J AU Baron, D Palmer, CD AF Baron, D Palmer, CD TI Solid-solution aqueous-solution reactions between jarosite (KFe3(SO4)(2)(OH)(6)) and its chromate analog SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOLUBILITY; EQUILIBRIA; ALUNITE; METAL AB The sulfate mineral jarosite (KFe3(SO4)(2)(OH)(6)), its chromate analog (KFe3(CrO4)(2)(OH)(6)), and seven precipitates with intermediate compositions (KFe3(CrXS(1-X)O4)(2)(OH)(6)) were synthesized.. The unit cell volume of the precipitates is closely represented by a linear function of composition, suggesting a continuous solid solution. This solid solution dissolves stoichiometrically according to KFe3(CrXS(1-X)O4)(2)(OH)(6) + 6H(+) <----> K+ + 3Fe(3+) + 2X CrO42- + (2-2X)SO42- + 6H(2)O and reaches stoichiometric saturation after approximately 40 d. Log K-SS values calculated from samples taken after 1090 d are consistently lower than what would be expected for an ideal solid solution, indicating that the excess free energy of mixing, G(E), is negative. G(E) calculated from the log K,, values can be closely modeled by the one-parameter Guggenheim expansion G(E) = X-CrJar X-Jar RT a(0) where a, is -4.9+/-0.8, X-CrJar and X-Jar are the mole fractions of KFe3(CrO4)(2)(OH)(6) and KFe3(SO4)(2)(OH)(6) in the solids, R is the gas constant, and T the absolute temperature. Based on the calculated excess free energy, a Lippmann diagram with a modified abscissa was constructed. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Calif State Univ Bakersfield, Dept Phys & Geol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Baron, D (reprint author), Calif State Univ Bakersfield, Dept Phys & Geol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 16 BP 2841 EP 2853 AR PII S0016-7037(02)00880-3 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00880-3 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 582XJ UT WOS:000177376200003 ER PT J AU Sharp, ZD Durakiewicz, T Migaszewski, ZM Atudorei, VN AF Sharp, ZD Durakiewicz, T Migaszewski, ZM Atudorei, VN TI Antiphase hydrogen and oxygen isotope periodicity in chert nodules SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FLOOD BASALTS; RATIOS; QUARTZ; GEOCHEMISTRY; CARBONATES; ORIGIN; WATER AB Oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses were made of Jurassic-age chert nodules from the Holy Cross Mountains, SE Poland, along radial transects at high spatial resolution. There is a radial "sigmoidal" periodicity for both isotope ratios, but the two are out of phase, with high deltaD values corresponding to low delta(18)O values. Periodicity for a 100- to 120-mm diameter nodule is approximately 16 mm, increasing slightly toward the rim, with amplitudes approaching 20 and 3.0%o for hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. The combined hydrogen-oxygen isotope data for one nodule fall on a published curve for chert forming in equilibrium with seawater (Knauth and Epstein, 1976); the range of delta values corresponds to temperature variations of similar to10degreesC. Data for a second chert fall on a subparallel deltaD-delta(18)O line with deltaD values that are almost 50%o lower. The deltaD-delta(18)O patterns for the nodules cannot be explained by periodic mixing of meteoric and ocean water because the hydrogen and oxygen isotope data are out of phase. Two possible explanations for the antiphase periodicity are (a) cyclical temperature variations, perhaps related to an unstable convection system (e.g., Bolton et al., 1999), and (b) self-organizing catalytic precipitation (e.g., Wang and Merino, 1990). The systematic isotopic variations are difficult to explain by diagenesis and strongly suggest that primary isotopic compositions are preserved. The isotopic data provide important information on the thermal history of the sedimentary basin, if temperature variations are the cause of the isotopic periodicity. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Polish Geol Inst, Dept Environm Geol, PL-00975 Warsaw, Poland. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Gepchem & Environm Div, PL-25020 Kielce, Poland. RP Migaszewski, ZM (reprint author), Polish Geol Inst, Dept Environm Geol, PL-00975 Warsaw, Poland. EM zsharp@unm.edu RI Migaszewski, Zdzislaw/D-5687-2011; OI Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 16 BP 2865 EP 2873 AR PII S0016-7037(02)00873-6 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00873-6 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 582XJ UT WOS:000177376200005 ER PT J AU Elzinga, EJ Reeder, RJ Withers, SH Peale, RE Mason, RA Beck, KM Hess, WP AF Elzinga, EJ Reeder, RJ Withers, SH Peale, RE Mason, RA Beck, KM Hess, WP TI EXAFS study of rare-earth element coordination in calcite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; INORGANIC COMPLEXES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SOLID-SOLUTION; SURFACE; XAFS; 25-DEGREES-C; PARAMETERS; CARBONATE AB Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy is. used to characterize the local coordination of selected rare-earth elements (Nd3+, Sm3+, Dy3+, Yb3+) coprecipitated with calcite in minor concentrations from room-temperature aqueous solutions. Fitting results confirm substitution in the Ca site, but first-shell Nd-O and Sm-O distances are longer than the Ca-O distance in calcite and longer than what is consistent with ionic radii sums for sixfold coordination in the octahedral Ca site. In contrast, first-shell Dy-O and Yb-O distances are shorter than the Ca-O distance and are consistent with ionic radii sums for sixfold coordination. Comparison of Nd-O and Sm-O bond lengths with those in lanthanide sesquioxides and with ionic radii trends across the lanthanide series suggests that Nd3+ and Sm3+ have sevenfold coordination in a modified Ca site in calcite. This would require some disruption of the local structure, with an expected decrease in stability, and possibly a different charge compensation mechanism between Nd and Sm vs. Yb and Dy. A possible explanation for the increased coordination for the larger rare-earth elements involves bidentate ligation from a CO3 group. Because trivalent actinides such as Am3+ and Cm3+ have ionic radii similar to Nd3+, their incorporation in calcite may result in a similar defect structure. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St Johns, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Reeder, RJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 34 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 16 BP 2875 EP 2885 AR PII S0016-7037(02)00888-8 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00888-8 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 582XJ UT WOS:000177376200006 ER PT J AU Aagaard, P Zheng, Z Breedveld, G AF Aagaard, P Zheng, Z Breedveld, G TI Modeling natural attenuation of petroleum contaminants in aquifers: conceptional model and simulations SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Geol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Norwegian Geotech Inst, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A5 EP A5 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400007 ER PT J AU Arrhenius, G Lepland, A Asaro, F AF Arrhenius, G Lepland, A Asaro, F TI Search for an extraterrestrial impact record in Isua sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UCSD, SIO, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NGU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A32 EP A32 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400061 ER PT J AU Bacon, CR Weber, PK Larsen, KA Reisenbichler, R Hutcheon, ID Ingram, BL Wooden, J AF Bacon, CR Weber, PK Larsen, KA Reisenbichler, R Hutcheon, ID Ingram, BL Wooden, J TI Ion microprobe analysis of Sr-87/Sr-86 in CaCO3 and application to otoliths SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USGS, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A42 EP A42 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400079 ER PT J AU Blencoe, JG AF Blencoe, JG TI Empirical equations for representing vapor-liquid equilibria in the CO2-H2O system at 110-350 degrees C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A82 EP A82 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400158 ER PT J AU Bostick, BC Doyle, C Fendorf, S Kendelewicz, T Bargar, J Brown, GE AF Bostick, BC Doyle, C Fendorf, S Kendelewicz, T Bargar, J Brown, GE TI Role of arsenic in pyrite oxidation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID SURFACE C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A95 EP A95 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400184 ER PT J AU Bradley, JP AF Bradley, JP TI Interplanetary dust particles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A99 EP A99 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400193 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Parks, GA AF Brown, GE Parks, GA TI Metal ion sorption processes in the marine environment - An old subject revisited SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A106 EP A106 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400206 ER PT J AU Buseck, PR Schwartz, SE AF Buseck, PR Schwartz, SE TI Aerosols - the colloids of the atmosphere SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A111 EP A111 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400217 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Fenter, P Bedzyk, MJ Sturchio, NC AF Cheng, L Fenter, P Bedzyk, MJ Sturchio, NC TI Direct profiling of atom distributions in mica with X-ray standing waves SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Cheng, Likwan/C-1436-2013; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400264 ER PT J AU Cooper, C Neal, A Picardal, F AF Cooper, C Neal, A Picardal, F TI Effect of sediment mineralogy on microbiologically induced (DMRB) changes in divalent metal speciation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Montana St Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN USA. RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A151 EP A151 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400294 ER PT J AU Cummings, PT Predota, M Chialvo, AA AF Cummings, PT Predota, M Chialvo, AA TI Molecular-based study of the electric double layer in hydrothermal systems SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID RUTILE-WATER INTERFACE C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A160 EP A160 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400312 ER PT J AU Davis, AM Pellin, MJ Tripa, CE Savina, MR Lewis, RS Clayton, RN Amari, S AF Davis, AM Pellin, MJ Tripa, CE Savina, MR Lewis, RS Clayton, RN Amari, S TI Multielement analyses of single presolar SiC grains from supernovae SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A171 EP A171 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400332 ER PT J AU Davis, S Fourel, F Stott, A Torn, M Bilodeau, G Hillaire-Marcel, C Helie, JF Varfalvy, L AF Davis, S Fourel, F Stott, A Torn, M Bilodeau, G Hillaire-Marcel, C Helie, JF Varfalvy, L TI Monitoring sources and fluxes of CO2 with high precision atmospheric stable isotopic measurements SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Micromass UK Ltd, Manchester M23 9LZ, Lancs, England. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Grange Over Sands, Cumbria, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Micromass Canada, Pointe Claire, PQ, Canada. RI Hillaire-Marcel, Claude/H-1441-2012; STOTT, ANDREW /I-7920-2012; Hillaire-Marcel, Claude/C-9153-2013 OI Hillaire-Marcel, Claude/0000-0002-3733-4632 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A171 EP A171 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400333 ER PT J AU Eggleston, CM Stack, AG Rosso, KM Higgins, SR AF Eggleston, CM Stack, AG Rosso, KM Higgins, SR TI The structure of hematite (0001) surfaces in water: STM and resonant tunneling calculations of coexisting O and Fe terminations SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Stack, Andrew/D-2580-2013 OI Stack, Andrew/0000-0003-4355-3679 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A207 EP A207 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400402 ER PT J AU Eilrich, B Leuenberger, M Burns, SJ Weyhenmeyer, CE Steinmann, P AF Eilrich, B Leuenberger, M Burns, SJ Weyhenmeyer, CE Steinmann, P TI Concentration and carbon stable isotope patterns of methane and DIC in deep peatlands - Implications for the microbial methanogenic pathways and gas transport SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Neuchatel, Inst Geol, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RI Burns, Stephen/H-9419-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A211 EP A211 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400409 ER PT J AU Esat, TM Yokoyama, Y AF Esat, TM Yokoyama, Y TI Rapid sea-level, ice-volume and radiocarbon excursions during a Heinrich event at Huon Peninsula SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Yokoyama, Yusuke/N-9623-2013 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A216 EP A216 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400420 ER PT J AU Fayek, M Riciputi, LR Kyser, TK AF Fayek, M Riciputi, LR Kyser, TK TI A new method for U-Pb analyses of uranium oxide minerals by SIMS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A226 EP A226 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400439 ER PT J AU Feineman, MD DePaolo, DJ Ryerson, FJ AF Feineman, MD DePaolo, DJ Ryerson, FJ TI Steady-state Ra-226/(230) Th disequilibrium in hydrous mantle minerals SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A228 EP A228 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400442 ER PT J AU Fialips, CI Righi, D Potter, KN AF Fialips, CI Righi, D Potter, KN TI Effect of agricultural activities on the mineralogy of soil clays SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Poitiers, CNRS, UMR 6532, HydrASA, F-86034 Poitiers, France. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A232 EP A232 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400451 ER PT J AU Giambalvo, ER Steefel, CI Fisher, AT Rosenberg, ND Wheat, CG AF Giambalvo, ER Steefel, CI Fisher, AT Rosenberg, ND Wheat, CG TI Effect of fluid-sediment reaction on seafloor hydrothermal fluxes of solutes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Fisher, Andrew/A-1113-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A272 EP A272 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400528 ER PT J AU Glassley, WE Nitao, JJ Grant, CW AF Glassley, WE Nitao, JJ Grant, CW TI Using reactive transport modeling to characterize the record of climate change in deep vadose zones SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A277 EP A277 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400537 ER PT J AU Goldstein, SJ Cooper, KM Reid, MR Murrell, MT Sims, KW AF Goldstein, SJ Cooper, KM Reid, MR Murrell, MT Sims, KW TI Effects of rapid crystallization on Ra-226-Th-230 ages SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID CRYSTAL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, ESS Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Cooper, Kari/G-8261-2012 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A284 EP A284 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400551 ER PT J AU Gorby, YA McLean, J Pinchuk, G Hill, EA Dohnalkova, A AF Gorby, YA McLean, J Pinchuk, G Hill, EA Dohnalkova, A TI Regulation and assembly of extracellular polymeric substances by the facultative metal reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A286 EP A286 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400556 ER PT J AU Gwo, JP Mayes, MA Jardine, PM AF Gwo, JP Mayes, MA Jardine, PM TI Reactive transport in fractured saprolite: Determining diffusive mass transfer and surface reaction kinetics parameters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A300 EP A300 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400584 ER PT J AU Haderlein, SB Elsner, M Erbs, M Hofstetter, T Pecher, K Schwarzenbach, RP AF Haderlein, SB Elsner, M Erbs, M Hofstetter, T Pecher, K Schwarzenbach, RP TI Abiotic dehalogenation of aliphatic contaminants in heterogeneous Fe(H)/Fe(III) systems SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci ZAG, Tubingen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, ETH, Dubendorf, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A301 EP A301 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400586 ER PT J AU Harrison, TM Mojzsis, SJ Pidgeon, RT Ireland, TR Bennett, V Honda, M Bourdon, BP Ryerson, FJ Amelin, Y Kirschvink, JL AF Harrison, TM Mojzsis, SJ Pidgeon, RT Ireland, TR Bennett, V Honda, M Bourdon, BP Ryerson, FJ Amelin, Y Kirschvink, JL TI A mission to really early Earth: When did the earth become suitable for habitation? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Australian Natl Univ, RSES, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Geol, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. Inst Phys Globe, Paris, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Harrison, Timothy/E-7443-2012; Ireland, Trevor/A-4993-2008 OI Ireland, Trevor/0000-0001-7617-3889 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A312 EP A312 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400607 ER PT J AU Icenhower, JP McGrail, BP Luttge, A AF Icenhower, JP McGrail, BP Luttge, A TI Origins of deviations from transition-state theory: Affects of ion-exchange kinetics in glass SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RI Icenhower, Jonathan/E-8523-2011; Luttge, Andreas/A-2560-2011 OI Luttge, Andreas/0000-0002-5878-4026 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A351 EP A351 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400682 ER PT J AU Kreutz, KJ Kang, S Mayewski, PA Introne, DS Qin, D Wake, C Aizen, VB Cecil, LD AF Kreutz, KJ Kang, S Mayewski, PA Introne, DS Qin, D Wake, C Aizen, VB Cecil, LD TI Spatial deuterium excess patterns in high-elevation Asian precipitation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maine, Inst Quaternary & Climate Studies, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Geol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Ice Core & Cold Regions Environm, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Mines & Earth Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RI Wake, Cameron/G-8114-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A418 EP A418 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400814 ER PT J AU Labotka, T Cole, DR Fayek, M Riciputi, LR AF Labotka, T Cole, DR Fayek, M Riciputi, LR TI Coupled cation and oxygen exchange between alkali feldspar and aqueous chloride solution SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A427 EP A427 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400831 ER PT J AU Leif, RN AF Leif, RN TI Experimental investigation into the role of water during the thermal alteration of aliphatic hydrocarbons SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A446 EP A446 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400869 ER PT J AU Li, YL Yang, J Zhang, CLL Deng, BL Phelps, TJ AF Li, YL Yang, J Zhang, CLL Deng, BL Phelps, TJ TI Dissolution of iron-rich clay and sulfur sequestration by a sulfate-reducing bacterium SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Environ Eng, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ORNL, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A453 EP A453 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400884 ER PT J AU Lippmann, J Stute, M Torgersen, T Moser, DP Hall, J Lihung, L Borcsik, M Bellamy, RES Onstott, TC AF Lippmann, J Stute, M Torgersen, T Moser, DP Hall, J Lihung, L Borcsik, M Bellamy, RES Onstott, TC TI Dating ultra-deep mine waters with noble gases and Cl-36, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Columbia Univ, L DEO, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340 USA. PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Geol Dpt Beatrix Mine, ZA-9460 Welkom, South Africa. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A458 EP A458 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400893 ER PT J AU Machesky, ML Ridley, MK Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA AF Machesky, ML Ridley, MK Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA TI The influence of temperature on ion adsorption phenomena SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A472 EP A472 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400919 ER PT J AU Mader, U Adler, M Steefel, CI Waber, HN Traber, D AF Mader, U Adler, M Steefel, CI Waber, HN Traber, D TI Core infiltration experiment and modelling of reactive transport of high-pH solution in clay stone SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Bern, Switzerland. Holcim Grp Support LTD, Holderbank, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A473 EP A473 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400921 ER PT J AU McBeth, J Giles, B Ye, E Li, YL Zhang, CLL Wall, JD Huang, YS Horita, J Cole, DR AF McBeth, J Giles, B Ye, E Li, YL Zhang, CLL Wall, JD Huang, YS Horita, J Cole, DR TI Fatty acids and stable carbon isotopes of a sulfate-reducing bacterium: implications for carbon cycling in SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI McBeth, Joyce/A-7454-2008 OI McBeth, Joyce/0000-0002-9022-1178 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A498 EP A498 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400970 ER PT J AU McKinley, JP Zachara, JM Heald, SM Fredrickson, JK AF McKinley, JP Zachara, JM Heald, SM Fredrickson, JK TI The reductive immobilization of pertechnetate by bioreduced sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A502 EP A502 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423400979 ER PT J AU Nitsche, H AF Nitsche, H TI Selected microbial interactions with actinide SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A557 EP A557 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401087 ER PT J AU Paul, M Feldstein, C Valenta, A Ahmad, I Ben-Dov, Y Berkovits, D Bordeanu, C Ghelberg, S Hashimoto, Y Jiang, S Nakanishi, T Sakamoto, K Verri, G AF Paul, M Feldstein, C Valenta, A Ahmad, I Ben-Dov, Y Berkovits, D Bordeanu, C Ghelberg, S Hashimoto, Y Jiang, S Nakanishi, T Sakamoto, K Verri, G TI An insight into Pu-244 abundance in interstellar matter SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NRC, Soreq, Israel. Kanazawa Univ, Dept Chem, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920, Japan. RI Bordeanu, Cristina/J-3438-2012 OI Bordeanu, Cristina/0000-0003-4641-0630 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A583 EP A583 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401135 ER PT J AU Pellin, MJ Davis, AM Veryovkin, IV Calaway, WF Savina, MR AF Pellin, MJ Davis, AM Veryovkin, IV Calaway, WF Savina, MR TI Upgrades to CHARISMA: approaching the atom-counting limit SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A588 EP A588 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401145 ER PT J AU Pierce, EM Martin, WJ Serne, RJ Icenhower, JP AF Pierce, EM Martin, WJ Serne, RJ Icenhower, JP TI Dissolution kinetics of UO2 (cr) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tulane Univ, Grad Sch, New Orleans, LA 70127 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Icenhower, Jonathan/E-8523-2011; Pierce, Eric/G-1615-2011 OI Pierce, Eric/0000-0002-4951-1931 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A602 EP A602 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401173 ER PT J AU Riciputi, LR Ingeneri, KB Hedberg, PML AF Riciputi, LR Ingeneri, KB Hedberg, PML TI Development of a micro-cavity ion source for enhanced efficiency in thermal ionisation mass spectrometry SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. IAEA, Safeguards Analyt Lab, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A638 EP A638 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401245 ER PT J AU Rosso, KM Zachara, JM AF Rosso, KM Zachara, JM TI Theoretical evaluation of electron transfer kinetics at Fe(III)-oxide surfaces with implications for microbial respiration SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, W R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A650 EP A650 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401270 ER PT J AU Schlegel, ML Nagy, KL Fenter, P Sturchio, NC AF Schlegel, ML Nagy, KL Fenter, P Sturchio, NC TI Atomic-scale structure of the quartz (10(1)over-bar-0)- and (10(1)over-bar-1)-water interfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A679 EP A679 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401326 ER PT J AU Shaw, S Warner, JA Benning, LG Brown, GE AF Shaw, S Warner, JA Benning, LG Brown, GE TI SAXS/WAXS studies of the precipitation and crystallisation of iron and aluminium (oxy)hydroxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Dept Earth Sci, Oxford, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Shaw, Sam/D-6869-2011 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A704 EP A704 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401376 ER PT J AU Shimaoka, A Kong, P Finkel, RC Caffee, MW Nishiizumi, K AF Shimaoka, A Kong, P Finkel, RC Caffee, MW Nishiizumi, K TI The determination of in situ cosmogenic radionuclides in olivine SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A709 EP A709 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401386 ER PT J AU Steefel, CI Rye, RM Sak, PB Brantley, SL AF Steefel, CI Rye, RM Sak, PB Brantley, SL TI Interpretation of weathering profiles from the Paleo-Proterozoic and present using reactive transport modeling SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A737 EP A737 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401442 ER PT J AU Stone, JO Balco, G Sugden, DE Caffee, MW Siddoway, C Cowdery, S Sass, L AF Stone, JO Balco, G Sugden, DE Caffee, MW Siddoway, C Cowdery, S Sass, L TI 10(3)-10(6) year history of the West Antarctic ice sheet SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Geog, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Colorado Coll, Dept Geol, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A745 EP A745 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401459 ER PT J AU Sturchio, NC Sultan, M Lu, ZT Du, X Lehmann, BE Purtschert, R Lorenzo, R El Alfy, Z El-Kaliouby, B AF Sturchio, NC Sultan, M Lu, ZT Du, X Lehmann, BE Purtschert, R Lorenzo, R El Alfy, Z El-Kaliouby, B TI Residence time of Nubian aquifer water, Western Desert, Egypt SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Egyptian Geol Survey & Mining Author, Cairo, Egypt. Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt. RI Purtschert, Roland/N-7108-2016 OI Purtschert, Roland/0000-0002-4734-7664 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A748 EP A748 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401465 ER PT J AU Wellman, DM Icenhower, JP AF Wellman, DM Icenhower, JP TI Direct synthesis of Na-autunite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Icenhower, Jonathan/E-8523-2011 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A828 EP A828 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401618 ER PT J AU Ye, Q Fields, M Zhou, J Roh, Y Phelps, TJ Zhang, CL AF Ye, Q Fields, M Zhou, J Roh, Y Phelps, TJ Zhang, CL TI Isolation of an alkaliphilic metal-reducing bacterium from a saline pond containing high concentrations of boron SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A861 EP A861 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401682 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, Y Caffee, MW Finkel, RC Ryerson, FJ Southon, JR Nishizumi, K AF Yokoyama, Y Caffee, MW Finkel, RC Ryerson, FJ Southon, JR Nishizumi, K TI Extractions of in-situ produced C-14 in terrestrial quartz and measurements of C-14 production rate using saturated quartz SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A865 EP A865 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401689 ER PT J AU Zachara, JM Flury, M Harsh, J AF Zachara, JM Flury, M Harsh, J TI Colloid facilitated migration of radioelements - Mechanisms, significance, and needed conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Harsh, James/C-7455-2014 OI Harsh, James/0000-0002-0177-3342 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 15A SU 1 BP A867 EP A867 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 583RX UT WOS:000177423401693 ER PT J AU Strawn, D Doner, H Zavarin, M McHugo, S AF Strawn, D Doner, H Zavarin, M McHugo, S TI Microscale investigation into the geochemistry of arsenic, selenium, and iron in soil developed in pyritic shale materials SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE micro-XAFS; arsenic; selenium; iron minerals; acid sulfate soils ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; CONTAMINATED SOILS; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; OXIDATION; GOETHITE; SEDIMENTS; CALIFORNIA AB In this study, we report on the distribution and mineralogy of micron-sized mineral aggregates formed in the top horizon of an acid sulfate soil. The distribution and oxidation state of arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) were also determined. The soil used in this study was formed from pyritic shale parent materials on the east side of the California Coast Range. Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microprobe (mu-XRF) was used to generate elemental distribution maps of soil thin sections. Using the elemental distribution maps and optical micrographs, distinct mineral aggregates of iron oxide and iron sulfate were identified throughout the top horizon of the soil. These aggregates range in size from 10 to 100 gin in diameter and can be found only a few micrometers apart. The As and Se concentrations in the iron oxide aggregates were 5-10 times the concentrations in the iron sulfate aggregates and the weathered shale matrix. This suggests that the As and Se become preferentially associated with iron oxides during the weathering process. Using a focused micronsized beam, Fe, As, and Se X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data were collected from the submillimeter soil aggregates. The micro-extended X-ray absorption fine structure (mu-EXAFS) spectrum collected from the iron oxide aggregate revealed that its mineralogy was a combination of ferrihydrite (> 50%) and goethite. The mu-EXAFS spectra from the iron sulfate region suggest that these aggregates contain jarosite. Using micro-X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (mu-XANES), oxidation states of the As and Se were determined. Arsenic was present in the iron oxide aggregate as As(V). Selenium was present in the soil as both Se(IV) and Se(VI), with a higher percentage of Se(VI) in the jarosite aggregate than the iron oxide aggregate. These results provide direct evidence of the distribution, oxidation states, and speciation of As and Se in the solid phase of an unaltered native soil. Information on the weathering and geochemistry of the pyritic materials, and the associated arsenic and selenium is useful for predicting the pedogenic processes of acid sulfate soils and the long-term fate of newly exposed pyritic materials (e.g., mine tailings and drained wetlands). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Strawn, D (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RI Strawn, Daniel/B-6936-2012 NR 44 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 7 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD AUG PY 2002 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 257 AR PII S0016-7061(02)00133-7 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00133-7 PG 21 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 576UP UT WOS:000177024600006 ER PT J AU Briner, JP Kaufman, DS Werner, A Caffee, M Levy, L Manley, WF Kaplan, MR Finkel, RC AF Briner, JP Kaufman, DS Werner, A Caffee, M Levy, L Manley, WF Kaplan, MR Finkel, RC TI Glacier readvance during the late glacial (Younger Dryas?) in the Ahklun Mountains, southwestern Alaska SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; cosmogenic exposure dating; glaciers; Younger Dryas; late glacial ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VEGETATION; CIRCULATION; GREENLAND; INCREASE; PRESSURE; PACIFIC; HISTORY AB An expansion of alpine glaciers during the latest Pleistocene produced an extraordinarily well defined end moraine system in the Ahklun Mountains, southwestern Alaska. These moraines, deposited during the Mount Waskey advance, are several kilometers beyond modern glacier termini, and similar to80 km upvalley of the late Wisconsin Ahklun Mountains ice cap terminal moraine. Eleven cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 exposure ages on moraine boulders, combined with radiocarbon ages from a lake core upvalley of a moraine deposited during the Mount Waskey advance, suggest that the advance culminated between 12.4 and 11.0 ka, sometime during, or shortly following, the Younger Dryas event (ca. 12.9-11.6 ka). We believe that the Mount Waskey advance was a consequence of cooling during the Younger Dryas. These data further strengthen emerging evidence for Younger Dryas-age cooling of the North Pacific region. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Purdue Univ, Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spect, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Briner, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Kaplan, Michael/D-4720-2011; Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; Levy , Laura/A-3648-2015; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Levy , Laura/0000-0002-4617-8299; Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 36 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 8 BP 679 EP 682 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0679:GRDTLG>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 583EQ UT WOS:000177394000003 ER PT J AU Pruess, K AF Pruess, K TI Numerical simulation of 'multiphase tracer transport in fractured geothermal reservoirs SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE tracer testing; vapor-dominated geothermal reservoirs; volatile organic chemicals; multiphase flow; diffusion; finite differences; numerical simulation; the geysers; USA ID POROUS-MEDIA; GAS; MODEL; DIFFUSION; SOILS; FLOW AB Tracer transport in two-phase (liquid-gas) conditions is a complex process that involves advection, diffusion, and hydrodynamic dispersion. Volatile tracers may be strongly affected by partitioning between gas and liquid phases, and by exchanges between fractures and rock matrix. This paper presents a space-discretized treatment of tracer diffusion under multiphase conditions that is fully coupled with equilibrium phase partitioning. Our method is self-consistent and is applicable to any combination of gas and liquid phases in single and two-phase conditions, including the extreme case of diffusion across a sharp gas-water interface. It is shown that an uncoupled approach, in which diffusive fluxes in gas and liquid phases are evaluated separately and added, can lead to large errors. The coupled treatment of multiphase tracer diffusion has been implemented in the general-purpose geothermal reservoir simulator TOUGH2. Applications to strongly and weakly depleted zones at The Geysers vapor-dominated reservoir produce breakthrough curves (BTCs) whose features (timing, peak, tail) agree well with field observations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of CNR. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pruess, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4 BP 475 EP 499 AR PII S0375-6505(02)00007-X DI 10.1016/S0375-6505(02)00007-X PG 25 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 584RJ UT WOS:000177481700004 ER PT J AU Scurlock, JMO Johnson, K Olson, RJ AF Scurlock, JMO Johnson, K Olson, RJ TI Estimating net primary productivity from grassland biomass dynamics measurements SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aboveground; belowground; carbon cycle; data; grasslands; net primary productivity ID NORTH-AMERICAN GRASSLANDS; INNER-MONGOLIA; PLANT BIOMASS; WATER-USE; STEPPE; ECOSYSTEMS; MODEL; CHINA; NPP AB To address the need for a high quality data set based upon field observations suitable for parameterization, calibration, and validation of terrestrial biosphere models, we have developed a comprehensive global database on net primary productivity (NPP). We have compiled field measurements of biomass and associated environmental data for multiple study sites in major grassland types worldwide. Where sufficient data were available, we compared aboveground and total NPP estimated by six computational methods (algorithms) for 31 grassland sites. As has been found previously, NPP estimates were 2-5 times higher using methods which accounted for the dynamics of dead matter, compared with what is still the most commonly applied estimate of NPP (maximum peak live biomass). It is suggested that assumptions such as the use of peak biomass as an indicator of NPP in grasslands may apply only within certain subbiomes, e.g. temperate steppe grasslands. Additional data on belowground dynamics, or other reliable estimates of belowground productivity, are required if grasslands are to be fully appreciated for their role in the global carbon cycle. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Olson, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Bldg 1507,MS-6407,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 43 TC 187 Z9 267 U1 17 U2 137 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 8 BP 736 EP 753 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00512.x PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 572WR UT WOS:000176798400004 ER PT J AU Lubenau, JO Strom, DJ AF Lubenau, JO Strom, DJ TI Safety and security of radiation sources in the aftermath of 11 September 2001 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE terrorism; emergency planning; contamination; risk analysis ID RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS; RECYCLED METALS AB The attack on the United States on 11 September 2001 resulted in an increased awareness of the need for safety and security measures to protect against terrorism. The potential use of radiation sources in terrorism, in particular radioactive sources, was recognized prior to 11 September 2001, but has taken on new significance since. The planning of security measures for radioactive sources must tale greater account of the potential for deliberate acts to attack or use radioactive sources to expose people and cause contamination. The potential consequences of an act of terrorism using radioactive sources can be gauged from the consequences of serious accidents that have occurred involving radioactive sources. These include fatal and injurious radiation exposures, contamination of the environment, and serious economic and psychosocial costs the total effect of which is mass disruption. Steps are being taken to improve security for radioactive sources but strategic approaches that can minimize the threat of radiological terrorism should be considered. When justifying a practice that uses radioactive sources, the potential for diversion or use in terrorism should be considered to be a detriment. In this regard, the consideration and development of alternatives to radioactive sources, such as radiation producing machines, have been recommended by terrorism experts as measures to reduce the threat of radiological terrorism. If a practice using radioactive sources is determined to be justified, the need for special security measures to protect against terrorism should then become part of the safety assessment. C1 Battelle Northwest, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lubenau, JO (reprint author), 89 S Heck Rd, Lititz, PA 17543 USA. EM lubenau@supernet.com NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1097/00004032-200208000-00001 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 574JR UT WOS:000176886200001 PM 12132704 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, SA Warren, GM Whicker, FW Efurd, DW AF Ibrahim, SA Warren, GM Whicker, FW Efurd, DW TI Plutonium in Colorado residents: Results of autopsy bone samples collected during 1975-1979 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plutonium; dose, population; bones, human; skeleton ID ROCKY-FLATS; UNITED-STATES; EXCRETION; TISSUES; SOIL AB Concentrations of Pu-239,Pu-240 and the Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratios were measured in rib samples from 55 non-occupationally exposed Colorado residents. Samples were collected at autopsy during 19751979 under an earlier study intended to compare plutonium levels in liver and lung of people who lived at various proximities to the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS) near Denver. Overall, median Pu-239,Pu-240 concentrations from rib samples were 100, 80, and 57 Ir,Bq g-' ash weight for area locations A, B, and C, respectively. Area A encompassed subjects who lived within 25 km of RFETS, area B was between 25 and 50 km from RFETS, and area C included ail of Colorado outside 50 km from the site and east of the continental divide. The corresponding median plutonium skeletal burdens estimated for these area locations were 146, 93, and 71 mBq, respectively. A statistically significant difference was noted only between plutonium concentrations in male rib samples and their skeletal burdens from area A compared to area C. However, based on a regression analysis of all study subjects, distance from RFETS was not statistically correlated to plutonium rib concentrations or skeletal burdens in this sample Overall, median Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratios were 0.20, 0.18, and 0.17 for areas A, B, and C, respectively. Although higher Pu-239,Pu-240 concentrations and skeletal burdens were indicated in area A males than area C males, we cannot conclude that RFETS releases may have caused this difference. The decreasing trends in the Pu-240/Pu-239 ratios with distance from RFETS are contrary with such a conclusion and strongly indicate that the material was primarily global fallout rather than weapons-grade plutonium that was processed at RFETS. Furthermore, there are other plausible explanations for the differences observed between area A and C residents. These include a decreasing trend in global fallout from the Rocky Mountain foothills eastward, smoking history differences, sample selection criteria, and possibly other unidentified factors. Nevertheless, estimated levels of total plutonium in this sample of Colorado residents were low and within the range of reported literature values for general, world-wide populations. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ibrahim, SA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sibrahim@colostate.edu NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 165 EP 177 DI 10.1097/00004032-200208000-00002 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 574JR UT WOS:000176886200002 PM 12132705 ER PT J AU Napier, BA AF Napier, BA TI A re-evaluation of the I-131 atmospheric releases from the Hanford site SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE radioactivity, airborne; Monte Carlo; dose assessment; I-131 ID RADIOACTIVITY AB The atmospheric release of I-131 from the Hanford site for the 1950's and 1960's, focused on the period of releases after the year 1950, has been re-evaluated using processing plant stack monitoring data to address a series of questions and concerns that have arisen related to the the source term. Historical stack monitoring data have been used to re-assess the releases by creating either a release factor to use with the calculated plant throughput or using the stack monitoring results as the basic estimate, and the results have been verified using historical atmospheric monitoring data from a location;several kilometers distant. Uncertainties in all of the historical data have been addressed in the re-assessment. Compared to the original estimate between 1950 and 1971 of 2.46 +/- 0.71 PBq, the stack monitoring results show a release of I-131 to the atmosphere of 1.55 +/- 0.23 PBq. The concurrent atmospheric monitoring results imply a release of 1.75 +/- 0.11 PBq over the same period, but this result is inflated by inclusion of global fallout. The total effective dose estimated to a full-time, nearby adult resident from I-131 using the Heeb source term from 1950 through 1972, is 0.73 mSv; using the source term based on stack monitoring data in the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction project models, it is 0.51 mSv. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Napier, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Bruce.Napier@pnl.gov NR 344 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 204 EP 226 DI 10.1097/00004032-200208000-00006 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 574JR UT WOS:000176886200006 PM 12132709 ER PT J AU Steck, DJ Alavanja, MCR Field, RW Parkhurst, MA Bates, DJ Mahaffey, JA AF Steck, DJ Alavanja, MCR Field, RW Parkhurst, MA Bates, DJ Mahaffey, JA TI Po-210 implanted in glass surfaces by long term exposure to indoor radon SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radon progeny; exposure, radiation; epidemiology; monitoring, air ID LUNG-CANCER; RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT; RN-222 EXPOSURE; RISK; DWELLINGS; DETECTORS; MODEL AB Recent epidemiologic investigations of the relationship between residential radon gas exposure and lung cancer relied on contemporary radon gas measurements to estimate past radon gas exposures. Significant uncertainties in these exposure estimates can arise from year-to-year variation of indoor radon concentrations and subject mobility. Surface implanted Po-210 has shown potential for improving retrospective radon gas exposure estimates. However, in previous studies, the ability of implanted Po-210 activity to reconstruct cumulative radon gas exposure was not tested because glass was not available from homes with known radon-gas concentration histories. In this study, we tested the validity of the retrospective radon gas reconstruction using implanted Po-210 surface activity by measuring glass surfaces from homes whose annual-average radon gas concentrations had been measured almost every year during two decades. Regression analysis showed a higher correlation between measured surface activity and cumulative radon gas exposure in these homes (R-2>0.8) than was observed in homes where only contemporary radon gas measurements were available. The regression slope (0.57 ky m(-1)) was consistent with our earlier retrospective results. Surface activity measurements were as reliable for retrospective radon gas exposure reconstruction as yearlong gas measurements. Both methods produced estimates that were within 25% of the long-term average radon gas concentrations in a home. Surface measurements can be used for home screening tests because they can provide rapid, reliable estimates of past radon gas concentrations. Implanted Po-210 measurements are also useful in retrospective epidemiologic studies that include participants who may have been exposed to highly variable radon concentrations in previously occupied or structurally modified homes. C1 St Johns Univ, Dept Phys, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Steck, DJ (reprint author), St Johns Univ, Dept Phys, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. EM dsteck@csbsju.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA859422] NR 35 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1097/00004032-200208000-00011 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 574JR UT WOS:000176886200011 PM 12132714 ER PT J AU Gallegos, G AF Gallegos, G TI Estimating populations for collective dose calculations SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE exposure, population; dose, collective; computer calculations; public information AB The collective dose provides an estimate of the effects of facility operations on the public based on an estimate of the population in the area. Geographic information system software, electronic population data resources, and a personal computer were used to develop estimates of population within 80-km radii of two sites. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gallegos, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-629, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gallegos3@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1097/00004032-200208000-00014 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 574JR UT WOS:000176886200014 PM 12132717 ER PT J AU Bell, RT Hickman, D Yamaguchi, L Jackson, W Hamilton, T AF Bell, RT Hickman, D Yamaguchi, L Jackson, W Hamilton, T TI A whole body counting facility in a remote Enewetak Island setting SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; Marshall Islands; whole body counting; Cs-137 ID EXPOSURE AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has recently implemented a series of strategic initiatives to address long-term radiological surveillance needs at former U.S. test sites in the Marshall Islands. The plan is to engage local atoll communities in developing shared responsibilities for implementing radiation protection programs for resettled and resettling populations. As part of this new initiative, DOE agreed to design and construct a radiological laboratory on Enewetak Island, and help develop the necessary local resources to maintain and operate the facility. This cooperative effort was formalized in August 2000 between the DOE, the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and the Enewetak/Ujelang Local Atoll Government (EULGOV). The laboratory facility was completed in May 2001. The laboratory incorporates both a permanent whole body counting system to assess internal exposures to Cs-137, and clean living space for people providing 24-h void urine samples. DOE continues to provide on-going technical assistance, training, and data quality review while EULGOV provides manpower and infrastructure development to sustain facility operations on a full-time basis. This paper will detail the special construction, transportation and installation issues in establishing a whole body counting facility in an isolated, harsh environmental setting. C1 US DOE, Off Hlth Studies, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Honolulu, HI 96820 USA. RP Bell, RT (reprint author), US DOE, Off Hlth Studies, EH-6-270CC, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. EM tom.bell@eh.doe.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 83 IS 8 SU S BP S22 EP S26 DI 10.1097/00004032-200208001-00008 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 575KG UT WOS:000176945000006 ER PT J AU Zhu, SJ Xu, RQ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Zhang, Z Jiang, Z Gan, CY Zhang, XQ Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Ma, WC AF Zhu, SJ Xu, RQ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Zhang, Z Jiang, Z Gan, CY Zhang, XQ Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Ma, WC TI Collective bands in neutron-rich Ru-107 nucleus SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE nuclear structure; collective band; spontaneous fission ID OCTUPOLE CORRELATIONS AB Through measuring prompt gamma-rays emitted in the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 with higher statistic data, level structures in the neutron-rich, odd-A Ru-107 nucleus have been re-investigated. New level scheme of Ru-107 has been established. The ground state band was extended with spin up to 27/2 h. The nuh(11/2) band structure observed in our previous publication has been confirmed and extended. These results clear up the inconsistence between our earlier work and results from another experiment published recently. A collective band built on (9/2(-)) level has been observed for the first time. Some important features of the level scheme have been discussed. C1 Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RI Jiang, Zhuo/E-3110-2010 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 8 BP 791 EP 796 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 587PM UT WOS:000177650700008 ER PT J AU Zhang, JB Yang, J Huo, L Zhang, WN Liu, YM Xu, N AF Zhang, JB Yang, J Huo, L Zhang, WN Liu, YM Xu, N TI Event anisotropy in Au plus Au non-central collisions at RHIC energy SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article DE heavy-ion collisions; HBT correlation; event anisotropy ID RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE FLOW; INTERFEROMETRY AB Using the dynamical transport model RQMD, the HBT size parameters and event anisotropy are studied for Au + Au non-central collisions at RHIC energy. We find that the HBT size parameters reflect the source geometry at freeze-out for such non-central collisions and the HBT size parameters as a function of m, are insensitive to the pressure developed during the early stage of the collisions. C1 Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Zhang, JB (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 8 BP 851 EP 854 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 587PM UT WOS:000177650700018 ER PT J AU Dixon, WE Dawson, DA Costic, BT de Queiroz, MS AF Dixon, WE Dawson, DA Costic, BT de Queiroz, MS TI AMATLAB-based control systems laboratory experience for undergraduate students: Toward standardization and shared resources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE control systems laboratory; Internet-based control; real-time control; Simulink ID CONTROL EDUCATION AB This paper seeks to begin a discussion with regard to developing computer aided control system design (CACSD) tools to promote undergraduate controls laboratory development. The advocated CACSD design tools are based on the popular, commercially available MATLAB environment, the Simulink toolbox, and the Real-Time Workshop toolbox. This paper describes how these tools can be utilized to address several issues that are confronted by control systems educators including: standardization, budget constraints, and limited resources. Specifically, by confronting the standardization issue, the following advantages will be realized for laboratory development: 1) the required computer hardware will be low cost; 2) commercially available plants from different manufacturers can be supported under the same CACSD environment with no hardware modifications; 3) both the Windows and Linux operating systems can be supported via the MATLAB based Real-Time Windows Target and the Quality Real-Time Systems (QRTS) based Real-Time Linux Target; and 4) the Simulink block diagram approach can be utilized to prototype control strategies, thereby, eliminating the need for low level programming skills. The advantages related to standardization of the CACSD design tools will enable educators to confront the additional budget constraint and limited teaching resources issue by facilitating: 1) the sharing of laboratory resources within each university (i.e., between departments); 2) the development of Internet laboratory experiences for students (i.e., between universities); and 3) the initiation of an Internet-based archive of laboratory tutorials and Simulink files for in-house developed plants and commercially available plants. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Boeing Satellite Syst, El Segundo, CA 90009 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Dixon, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 218 EP 226 AR PII S0018-9359(02)05049-5 DI 10.1109/TE.2002.1024613 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 583YQ UT WOS:000177439900003 ER PT J AU Monier, C Baca, AG Chang, PC Newman, FD Li, NY Sun, SZ Armour, E Hou, HQ AF Monier, C Baca, AG Chang, PC Newman, FD Li, NY Sun, SZ Armour, E Hou, HQ TI Significant operating voltage reduction on high-speed GaAs-based heterojunction bipolar transistors using a low band gap InGaAsN base layer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE GaAs-based devices; heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs); InGaAsN material system; RF performance under low bias conditions; turn-on voltage reduction ID SUBSTRATE; GAINNAS AB We report the fabrication of double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) with the use of a new quaternary InGaAsN material system that takes advantage of a low-energy band gap E-G in the base to reduce operating voltages in GaAs-based electronic devices. InGaP/In0.03Ga0.97As0.99N0.01/GaAs DHBTs with improved band gap engineering at both heterojunctions exhibit a de peak current gain over 16 with small active emitter area. The use of the lattice-matched In0.03Ga0.97As0.99N0.01 (E-G = 1.20 eV) base layer allows a significant reduction of the turn-on voltage by 250 mV over standard InGaP/GaAs HBTs, while attaining good high-frequency characteristics with cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency as high as 40 GHz and 72 GHz, respectively. Despite inherent transport limitations at the present time, which penalize peak frequencies, this novel technology provides comparable RF performance to convention devices with a GaAs control base layer but at much lower operating base-emitter bias conditions. This technical progress should benefit to the next generation of RF circuits using GaAs-based HBTs with lower power consumption and better handling of supply voltages in battery-operated wireless handsets. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Emcore Photovolta, Emocore Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EMCORE Corp, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Monier, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1329 EP 1335 DI 10.1109/TED.2002.801304 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 578JU UT WOS:000177114700001 ER PT J AU Shah, KS Cirignano, L Grazioso, R Klugerman, M Bennett, PR Gupta, TK Moses, WW Weber, MJ Derenzo, SE AF Shah, KS Cirignano, L Grazioso, R Klugerman, M Bennett, PR Gupta, TK Moses, WW Weber, MJ Derenzo, SE TI RbGd2Br7 : Ce scintillators for gamma-ray and thermal neutron detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE AB In this paper, we report on gamma-ray and thermal neutron detection with RbGd2Br7:Ce scintillators. RbGd2Br7:Ce (RGB) is a new scintillator material that shows high light output (56 000 photons/MeV) and has a fast principal decay constant (45 ns) when doped with 10% Ce. These properties make RGB an attractive scintillator for gamma-ray detection. Also, due to the presence of Gd as a constituent, RGB has a high cross-section for thermal neutron absorption and can achieve close to 100 % stopping efficiency with 0.5-mm-thick RGB crystals. Crystals of RGB with three different Ce concentrations (0.1, 5, and 10%) have been grown. Their basic scintillation properties such as light output, decay time, and emission spectrum have been measured. In addition, high-efficiency thermal neutron detection has been confirmed in our studies. C1 Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM kshah@rmdinc.com; lcirignano@rmdinc.com; rgrazioso@rmdinc.com; mklugerman@rmdinc.com; pbennett@rmdinc.com; tgupta@rmdinc.com; wwmoses@lbl.gov; mjweber@lbl.gov; sederenzo@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1655 EP 1660 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801511 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100012 ER PT J AU Fernandes, LMP Simoes, PCPS dos Santos, JMF Morgado, RE AF Fernandes, LMP Simoes, PCPS dos Santos, JMF Morgado, RE TI Digital rise-time discrimination of large-area avalanche photodiode signals in X-ray detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE avalanche photodiode; pulse-discrimination efficiency; rise-time discrimination; X-ray detection ID PROPORTIONAL SCINTILLATION-COUNTERS; NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY; PROCESSING TECHNIQUE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; READOUT AB The response of a large-area avalanche photodiode to X-rays was investigated by applying pulse-shape discrimination techniques based on rise time. The method employed analog preshaping with time constants of 200 ns followed by digital signal processing in a commercial 125-MHz digitizer. Pulse rise-time discrimination was applied to improve detector energy resolution, background level, and peak distortion. Electronic noise pulses can be efficiently removed at the expense of data-acquisition throughput. C1 Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fernandes, LMP (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. RI dos Santos, Joaquim/B-3058-2015; Fernandes, Luis/E-2372-2011; OI Fernandes, Luis/0000-0002-7061-8768; dos Santos, Joaquim Marques Ferreira/0000-0002-8841-6523 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1699 EP 1703 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801518 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100019 ER PT J AU Yarritu, A Spanier, S Va'vra, J AF Yarritu, A Spanier, S Va'vra, J TI Photon background in DIRC fused silica bars SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE Cherenkov detectors; photomultipliers; signal detection; simulation software AB The detection of internally reflected Cherenkov (DIRC) radiation is the ring imaging Cherenkov detector of the BABAR detector at the Pep-II ring of SLAC. The Cherenkov radiators consist of 4.9-m-long rectangular fused silica bars each glued together from four equal pieces. The photon detector is a water tank equipped with an array of 10752 conventional photomultipliers. The current study attempts to identify sources of photonic background generated in the DIRC bars. A conclusion of this work is that there are two major sources: one such component consists of photons created by the delta-ray electrons in the fused silica. The second component comes from the reflections of photons from the EPOTEK-301-2 glue-fused silica interface while they are traveling in the bars. The reflection occurs because of a slight mismatch of the refraction indexes. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Yarritu, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1704 EP 1708 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801670 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100020 ER PT J AU Delpierre, P Berar, JF Blanquart, L Boudet, N Breugnon, P Caillot, B Clemens, JC Mouget, C Potheau, R Valin, I AF Delpierre, P Berar, JF Blanquart, L Boudet, N Breugnon, P Caillot, B Clemens, JC Mouget, C Potheau, R Valin, I TI Large surface X-ray pixel detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE crystallography; detector; instrumentation; pixels; X-rays AB A large surface semiconductor photon counting pixel detector is being built. As a first step, this detector is optimized for X-ray crystallography. The aim is to provide a high dynamic range (>10(9)), high counting rate (10(7) ph/s per pixel), and fast image readout (3 ms). A full custom chip has been produced and tested, and results are presented. Prototypes of 6 cm(2) containing pixels of 330 x 330 mum(2) have been built together with a full fast readout system. These prototypes have been tested in the Main beam line at the ESRF synchrotron (Grenoble, France) for photon energies between 10 and 24 KeV. For photon energies above 10 keV, the signal is separable from the noise. We give results on the efficiency as a function of the photon rate and the effect of the threshold on the efficiency in the region between the pixels. Furthermore, to demonstrate the large dynamic range, we made diffraction images. C1 CNRS, CPPM, IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. CNRS, Cristallog Lab, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Delpierre, P (reprint author), CNRS, CPPM, IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. RI d2am, beamline/I-6445-2015 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1709 EP 1711 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801501 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100021 ER PT J AU Ziock, KR Madden, N Hull, E Craig, W Lavietes, T Cork, C AF Ziock, KR Madden, N Hull, E Craig, W Lavietes, T Cork, C TI A germanium-based coded aperture imager SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE coded aperture; gamma-ray detectors; germanium radiation detectors; nuclear imaging; URA ID ARRAYS AB We describe a coded-aperture-based gamma-ray imager that uses a unique hybrid germanium detector system. A planar, germanium strip detector, 11 mm thick, is followed by a coaxial detector. The 19 x 19 strip detector (2-mm pitch) is used to determine the location and energy of low-energy events. The location of high-energy events is determined from the location of the Compton scatter in the planar detector. The energy is determined from the sum of the coaxial and planar energies. With this geometry, we obtain useful photopeak quantum efficiency in a position-sensitive mode out to 500 keV. The detector is used with a 19 x 17 URA coded aperture to obtain spectrally resolved images in the gamma-ray band. We discuss the performance of the planar detector, the hybrid system, and present images taken of laboratory sources. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ziock, KR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1737 EP 1742 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801520 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100027 ER PT J AU Coluccia, MR Appel, JA Chiodini, G Christian, DC Kwan, S AF Coluccia, MR Appel, JA Chiodini, G Christian, DC Kwan, S TI Characterization of prototype BTeV silicon pixel sensors before and after irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE BTeV; pixel sensors; radiation effects; vertex detectors ID MULTIGUARD STRUCTURES; MICROSTRIP DETECTORS; RADIATION; DESIGN; DAMAGE AB We report on measurements performed on silicon pixel sensor prototypes exposed to a 200-MeV proton beam at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility. The sensors are of n(+)/eta/p(+) type with multiguard-ring structures on the p(+)-side and p-stop electrode isolation on the n(+)-side. Electrical characterization of the devices was performed before and after irradiation up to a proton fluence of 4 x 10(14) p/cm(2). We tested pixel sensors fabricated from normal and oxygen-enriched silicon wafers and with two different p-stop isolation layouts: common p-stop and individual p-stop. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Coluccia, MR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1743 EP 1749 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801710 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100028 ER PT J AU De Geronimo, G Kandasamy, A O'Connor, P AF De Geronimo, G Kandasamy, A O'Connor, P TI Analog peak detector and derandomizer for high-rate spectroscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE CMOS; derandomizer; peak detector ID SILICON STRIP DETECTORS; HOLD CIRCUIT; SYSTEM AB A compact and accurate readout system has been developed for high-rate spectroscopy with multi-element detectors. The fully self-triggered system multiplexes the signals from 32 detectors into a novel peak detector, which also serves as a derandomizer. The captured pulse heights are stored as analog samples before being presented to the ADC along with the corresponding channel addresses. The peak detector incorporates a new two-phase configuration that cancels offsets and other errors found in conventional designs. Offset cancellation gives the peak detector rail-to-rail sensing and driving capability and permits two or more peak detectors to be operated in parallel to serve as a data-driven analog memory. First experimental results on the new peak detector and derandomizer (PDD) circuit, fabricated in 0.35 mum CMOS technology, include a 0.2% absolute accuracy for pulses with 500-ns peaking time, 2.7-V linear-input range, 3.5-mW power dissipation, 250-mV/s droop rate, and negligible dead time. We have tested the system with 32 CZT detectors and Am-241 source. The spectra collected from the 32-channel system show that the noise performance of the preamp/shaper is not degraded by the multiplexing, peak detecting, and derandomizing operations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1769 EP 1773 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801701 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100032 ER PT J AU Mandelli, E Blanquart, L Denes, P Einsweiler, K Marchesini, R Meddeler, G Ackers, M Fischer, P Comes, G Peric, I AF Mandelli, E Blanquart, L Denes, P Einsweiler, K Marchesini, R Meddeler, G Ackers, M Fischer, P Comes, G Peric, I TI Digital column readout architecture for the ATLAS pixel 0.25 mu m front end IC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE DE ATLAS pixel; charge amplifier; column readout; deep submicron; pixel readout; radiation hard AB A fast low noise, limited power, radiation-hard front-end chip was developed for reading out the Atlas Pixel Silicon Detector. As in the past prototypes, every chip is used to digitize and read out charge and time information from hits on each one of its 2880 inputs. The basic column readout architecture idea was adopted and modified to allow a safe transition to quarter micron technology. Each pixel cell, organized in a 160 x 18 matrix, can be independently enabled and configured in order to optimize the analog signal response and to prevent defective pixels from saturating the readout. The digital readout organizes hit data coming from each column, with respect to time, and output them on a low-level serial interface. A considerable effort was made to design state machines free of undefined states, where single-point defects and charge deposited by heavy ions in the silicon could have led to unpredicted forbidden states. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM emandelli@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1774 EP 1777 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801528 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100033 ER PT J AU Blanquart, L Richardson, J Denes, P Einsweiler, K Mandelli, E Meddeler, G Fischer, P Ackers, M Comes, G Peric, I AF Blanquart, L Richardson, J Denes, P Einsweiler, K Mandelli, E Meddeler, G Fischer, P Ackers, M Comes, G Peric, I TI Analog front-end cell designed in a commercial 0.25-mu m process for the ATLAS pixel detector at LHC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE CMOS analog integrated circuit; fixed sensor; leakage current compensation; threshold mismatch; time over threshold ID DEEP-SUBMICRON CMOS; TECHNOLOGIES; CHIP AB A new analog pixel front-end cell has been developed for the ATLAS detector at the future Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN). This analog cell has been submitted in two commercial 0.25-mum CMOS processes (in an analog test chip format), using special layout techniques for radiation hardness purposes. It is composed of two cascaded amplifiers followed by a fast discriminator featuring a detection threshold within the range of 1000 to 10 000 electrons. The first preamplifier has the principal role of providing a large bandwidth, low input impedance, and, fast rise time in order to enhance the time-walk and crosstalk performance, whereas the second fully differential amplifier is aimed at delivering a sufficiently high-voltage gain for optimum comparison. A new dc feedback concept renders the cell tolerant of sensor leakage current up to 300 nA and provides monitoring of this current. Two 5-bit digital-to-analog converters tolerant to single-event upset have been implemented for threshold and recovery-time pixel-to-pixel matching purposes. Special attention has been paid to the power-supply rejection ratio to minimize sensitivity to pickup. The complete cell dissipates 30 muW, occupies an area of 50 x go mum(2) and is operated with a single 1.6-V power supply. Measurements of two test chips are presented. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RP Blanquart, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1778 EP 1782 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801682 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100034 ER PT J AU Sanders, DA Cremaldi, LM Eschenburg, V Lawrence, CN Riley, C Summers, DJ Petravick, DL AF Sanders, DA Cremaldi, LM Eschenburg, V Lawrence, CN Riley, C Summers, DJ Petravick, DL TI Redundant arrays of IDE drives SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE enhanced integrated drive electronics (EIDE); FireWire; redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) ID DATA ACQUISITION-SYSTEM AB The next generation of high-energy physics experiments' is expected to gather prodigious amounts of data. New methods must be developed to handle this data and make analysis at universities possible. We examine some techniques that use recent developments in commodity hardware. We test redundant arrays of integrated drive electronics (IDE) disk drives for use in offline high-energy physics data analysis. IDE redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) arrays prices now equal the cost per terabyte of million dollar tape robots! The arrays can be scaled to sizes affordable to institutions without robots and used when fast random access at low cost is important. We also explore three methods of moving data between sites; internet transfers, hot pluggable IDE disks in FireWire cases, and writable digital video disks (DVD-R) disks. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, University, MS 38677 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, CD Integrated Syst Dev, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sanders, DA (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1834 EP 1840 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801699 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100044 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Dardin, SM Jackson, KH Kadel, RW Kadyk, JA Peskov, V Wenzel, WA AF Kim, JG Dardin, SM Jackson, KH Kadel, RW Kadyk, JA Peskov, V Wenzel, WA TI Studies of electron avalanche behavior in liquid argon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID XENON; CHAMBER AB Electron avalanching in liquid argon is being studied as a function of voltage, pressure, radiation intensity, and the concentrations of certain additives, especially xenon. The avalanches produced in an intense electric field at the tip of a tungsten needle are initiated by ionization from a movable americium (Am-241) gamma-ray source. Photons from xenon excimers are detected as photomultiplier signals in coincidence with the current pulse from the needle. In pure liquid argon, the avalanche behavior is erratic, but the addition of even a small amount of xenon (less than or equal to100 ppm) stabilizes the performance. Similar attempts with neon (30%) as an additive to argon have been unsuccessful. Tests with higher energy gamma-rays (Co-57) yield spectra and other performance characteristics quite similar to those using the Am-241 source. Two types of signal pulses are commonly observed: a set of pulses that are sensitive to ambient pressure and a set of somewhat smaller pulses that are not pressure dependent. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Kim, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1851 EP 1856 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801490 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100047 ER PT J AU Prettyman, TH Feldman, WC Fuller, KR Storms, SA Soldner, SA Szeles, C Ameduri, FP Lawrence, DJ Browne, MC Moss, CE AF Prettyman, TH Feldman, WC Fuller, KR Storms, SA Soldner, SA Szeles, C Ameduri, FP Lawrence, DJ Browne, MC Moss, CE TI CdZnTe gamma-ray spectrometer for orbital etary missions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE DE gamma-ray spectroscopy; neutron spectroscopy; planets; radiation detector circuits; radiation effects; radiation hardening; semiconductor radiation detectors ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; LARGE-VOLUME; DETECTORS; MULTIELEMENT AB We present the design and analysis of a new gamma-ray spectrometer for planetary science that uses an array of CdZnTe detectors to achieve the detection efficiency needed for orbital measurements. The use of CdZnTe will provide significantly improved pulse-height resolution relative to scintillation-based detectors, with commensurate improvement in the accuracy of elemental abundances determined by gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy. The spectrometer can be flown either on the instrument deck of the spacecraft or on a boom. For deck-mounted systems, a BGO anticoincidence shield is included in the design to suppress the response of the CdZnTe detector to gamma-rays that originate in the spacecraft. The BGO shield also serves as a backup spectrometer, providing heritage from earlier planetary science missions and reducing the risk associated with the implementation of new technology. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. eV Prod, Saxonburg, PA 16056 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM thp@lanl.gov; wfeldman@lanl.gov; kfuller@lanl.gov; sstorms@lanl.gov; ssoldner@ii-vi.com; cszeles@ii-vi.com; fameduri@lanl.gov; djlawrence@lanl.gov; mcbrowne@lanl.gov; cmoss@lanl.gov RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1881 EP 1886 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801672 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100052 ER PT J AU Tashiro, M Kamae, T Makishima, K Takahashi, T Murakami, T Fukazawa, Y Kokubun, M Nakazawa, K Nomachi, M Yoshida, A Ezoe, Y Isobe, N Iyomoto, N Kataoka, J Kotoku, J Kouda, M Kubo, S Kubota, A Matsumoto, Y Mizuno, T Madejski, GM Okada, Y Ota, N Ozawa, H Sato, G Sugiho, M Sugizaki, M Takahashi, I Takahashi, H Tamura, T Tanihata, C Terada, Y Uchiyama, Y Watanabe, S Yamaoka, K Yonetoku, D AF Tashiro, M Kamae, T Makishima, K Takahashi, T Murakami, T Fukazawa, Y Kokubun, M Nakazawa, K Nomachi, M Yoshida, A Ezoe, Y Isobe, N Iyomoto, N Kataoka, J Kotoku, J Kouda, M Kubo, S Kubota, A Matsumoto, Y Mizuno, T Madejski, GM Okada, Y Ota, N Ozawa, H Sato, G Sugiho, M Sugizaki, M Takahashi, I Takahashi, H Tamura, T Tanihata, C Terada, Y Uchiyama, Y Watanabe, S Yamaoka, K Yonetoku, D CA HXD Team TI Performance of the ASTRO-E hard X-ray detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE ASTRO-E; background; hard X-ray detector; sensitivity; spectral response ID SYSTEM; THICK; DIODE AB This paper summarizes the design and performance of the hard X-ray detector constructed for the ASTRO-E satellite. The detector utilizes the GSO/BGO well-type phoswich counters in a compound-eye configuration to achieve an extremely low background level of a few x 10(-5) counts s(-1) cm(-2)keV(-1) [1]. The GSO scintillators installed in the BGO active shield wells are sensitive to 30-600 keV photons, while the 2-mm-thick silicon PIN diodes, placed in front of each GSO crystal, cover the 10-60 keV energy band with a spectral resolution of similar to3.5-keV full-width at half-maximum. The design goals, of both low background and high energy resolution, in the hard X-ray bands were verified through the preflight calibration experiments. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. Clear Pulse Co Ltd, Tokyo 143, Japan. Space Res Org Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RI Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012; Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857; Sako, Chiharu/0000-0003-3243-3954 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1893 EP 1897 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801491 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100054 ER PT J AU Thompson, DJ Godfrey, G Williams, SM Grove, JE Mizuno, T Sadrozinski, HFW Kamae, T Ampe, J Briber, S Dann, J Silva, JDEDE Dubois, R Fukazawa, Y Giebels, B Haller, G Handa, T Hartman, RC Hirano, K Hirayama, M Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kavelaars, A Kelly, H Kliewer, S Kotani, T Krizmanic, J Kroeger, W Kuss, M Lauben, D Linder, T Lovellette, M Lumb, N Manildi, J Michelson, P Mizushima, H Moiseev, A Nolan, PL Ogata, S Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paliaga, G Phlips, BF Ritz, S Rochester, LS Roterman, FM Rowe, WA Russell, JJ Schaefer, R Schalk, T Sheppard, D Singh, S Sjogren, M Spandre, G Usher, T Valtersson, P Waite, AP Wallace, J Webster, A Wood, D AF Thompson, DJ Godfrey, G Williams, SM Grove, JE Mizuno, T Sadrozinski, HFW Kamae, T Ampe, J Briber, S Dann, J Silva, JDEDE Dubois, R Fukazawa, Y Giebels, B Haller, G Handa, T Hartman, RC Hirano, K Hirayama, M Johnson, RP Johnson, WN Kavelaars, A Kelly, H Kliewer, S Kotani, T Krizmanic, J Kroeger, W Kuss, M Lauben, D Linder, T Lovellette, M Lumb, N Manildi, J Michelson, P Mizushima, H Moiseev, A Nolan, PL Ogata, S Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paliaga, G Phlips, BF Ritz, S Rochester, LS Roterman, FM Rowe, WA Russell, JJ Schaefer, R Schalk, T Sheppard, D Singh, S Sjogren, M Spandre, G Usher, T Valtersson, P Waite, AP Wallace, J Webster, A Wood, D CA GLAST Large Area Telescope Collabo TI Gamma-ray large-area space telescope (GLAST) balloon flight engineering model: Overview SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE gamma rays; instrumentation; telescopes ID BEAM TEST AB The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT) is a pair-production high-energy (>20 MeV) gamma-ray telescope being built by an international partnership of astrophysicists and particle physicists for a satellite launch in 2006, designed to study a wide variety of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. As part of the development effort, the collaboration has built, a balloon flight engineering model (BFEM) for flight on a high-altitude scientific balloon. The BFEM is approximately the size of one of the 16 GLAST-LAT towers and contains all the components of the full instrument: plastic scintillator anticoincidence system (ACD), high-Z foil/Si strip pair-conversion tracker (TKR), CsI hodoscopic calorimeter (CAL), triggering and data acquisition electronics (DAQ), commanding system, power distribution, telemetry, real-time data display, and ground data processing system. The principal goal of the balloon flight was to demonstrate the performance of this instrument configuration under conditions similar to those expected in orbit. Results from a balloon flight from Palestine, TX, on August 4, 2001, show that the BFEM successfully obtained gamma-ray data in this high-background environment. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. USN, Res Lab & Praxis, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Independence HS, San Jose, CA 95133 USA. St Ignatius HS, San Francisco, CA 94116 USA. Paso Robles HS, Paso Robles, CA 93446 USA. INFN, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Watsonville HS, Watsonville, CA 95076 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Thompson, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Schaefer, Robert/C-2119-2016 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Schaefer, Robert/0000-0003-3692-0223 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1898 EP 1903 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801548 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100055 ER PT J AU Burnett, TH Chekhtman, A Silva, EDE Dubois, R Flath, D Gable, I Grove, JE Hartman, RC Kamae, T Kavelaars, A Kelly, H Kotani, T Kuss, M Lauben, D Lindner, T Lumb, N Mizuno, T Moiseev, A Ozaki, M Rochester, LS Schaefer, R Spandre, G Thompson, DJ Usher, T Young, K AF Burnett, TH Chekhtman, A Silva, EDE Dubois, R Flath, D Gable, I Grove, JE Hartman, RC Kamae, T Kavelaars, A Kelly, H Kotani, T Kuss, M Lauben, D Lindner, T Lumb, N Mizuno, T Moiseev, A Ozaki, M Rochester, LS Schaefer, R Spandre, G Thompson, DJ Usher, T Young, K CA GLAST Large Area Telescope Collabo TI Gamma-ray large-area space telescope (GLAST) balloon flight data handling overview SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE astronomical satellites; balloons; data handling; data processing; gamma-ray astronomy detectors; GLAST; software AB The gamma-ray large-area space telescope (GLAST) balloon flight engineering model (BFEM) represents one of 16 towers that constitute the large area telescope (LAT), a high-energy (> 20 MeV) gamma-ray pair-production telescope being built by an international partnership of astrophysicists and particle physicists for a satellite launch in 2006. The prototype tower consists of a Pb/Si pair-conversion tracker (TKR), a CsI hodoscopic calorimeter (CAL), an anticoincidence detector (ACD), and an autonomous data acquisition (DAQ) system. The self-triggering capabilities and performance of the detector elements have been previously characterized using positron, photon and hadron beams. External target scintillators were placed above the instrument to act as sources of hadronic showers. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the BFEM data-reduction process, from receipt of the flight data from telemetry through event reconstruction and background rejection cuts. The goals of the ground analysis presented here are to verify the functioning of the instrument and to validate the reconstruction software and the background-rejection scheme. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Lyon 1, IPNL, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398511, Japan. Inst Space & Aeronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Burnett, TH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Schaefer, Robert/C-2119-2016 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; Schaefer, Robert/0000-0003-3692-0223 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1904 EP 1908 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801536 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100056 ER PT J AU Aryaeinejad, R Reber, EL Spencer, DF AF Aryaeinejad, R Reber, EL Spencer, DF TI Development of a handheld device for simultaneous monitoring of fast neutrons and gamma rays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE pulse shape discrimination (PSD) ID DISCRIMINATION AB Currently at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, a handheld device is being developed to measure fast neutrons and gamma rays using a single detector. The handheld detection system presented here uses a single 12.7 mm (diameter) by 12.7 mm (length) liquid scintillator detector (BC501). The detection system can be made small and light. A small and light device can be used in several applications such as customs inspection, border security, and environmental radiation monitoring. The use of only one detector requires that the neutrons and gamma rays be distinguished by the shape of their pulses in the detector. Two methods of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) are presented here: charge integration and zero crossing. Figures of merit were calculated for both methods for a threshold energy range of 50-600 keVee. Results show that the zero crossing method gives much better PSD for 100 keVee and lower, whereas the charge integration. method leads to better separation above 100 keVee. However, the neutrons and gamma rays are totally separated for energies of 100 keVee and above in both techniques., We are currently designing a miniaturized electronic system to be incorporated into the handheld device. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Aryaeinejad, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Reber, Edward/B-4742-2017 OI Reber, Edward/0000-0001-8959-5570 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1909 EP 1913 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801508 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100057 ER PT J AU Wang, ZL Kahn, B Valentine, JD AF Wang, ZL Kahn, B Valentine, JD TI Efficiency calculation and coincidence summing correction for germanium detectors by Monte Carlo simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE coincidence summing correction; efficiency calculation; germanium detector; MCNP; Monte Carlo simulation ID INTERACTION MECHANISMS; RAY SPECTROMETRY; GAMMA AB A method is presented for efficiency calculation and coincidence-summing correction of high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector spectra by using Monte Carlo N-particle transport (MCNP) code. This technique will be used in the efficiency calibration of HPGe detectors to reduce the number of standard sources to be prepared. Modeling of the detector geometry is described in detail, and differences between the simulated and measured spectra are discussed. Standard point sources traceable to the National Institute for Science and Technology were used to measure the full-energy peak and total efficiencies. The simulated full-energy peak efficiency for noncoincidence Cs-137 gamma rays agreed with the measured value to within 2%, but the simulated total efficiency is about 8% lower than the measured value for 662 keV. A Co-60 point source was placed in five positions above along the center line of the detector from 0.6 to 14.2 cm. For the 1173- and 1332-keV gamma rays from Co-60, their spectra were simulated using MCNP separately. Subsequently, these spectra were combined according to their coincidence relationship to form the simulated Co-60 spectrum. The calculated coincidence summing factors for 1173 and 1332 keV are about 3% lower than the measured values at the closest geometry a point source due to the underestimation of the total efficiency. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Nucl & Radiol Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Environm Resources Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, ZL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Nucl & Radiol Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1925 EP 1931 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801679 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100060 ER PT J AU Luke, PN Lee, JS Amman, M Yu, KM AF Luke, PN Lee, JS Amman, M Yu, KM TI Noise reduction in CdZnTe coplanar-grid detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE CdZnTe; gamma-ray detector; noise AB Noise measurements on CdZnTe detectors show that the main sources of detector-related noise are shot noise due to bulk leakage current and 1/f noise due to the detector surfaces. The magnitude of surface leakage current appears to have little or no effect on the detector noise.. Measurements on guard-ring devices fabricated using gold-evaporated contacts show that the contacts behave as Schottky barriers and that the bulk current at typical operating voltages is in most cases dependent on the contact properties rather than directly on the material's bulk resistivity. This suggests that the level of shot noise can be controlled by changing the behavior of the contacts. A significant reduction in the noise of CdZnTe coplanar-grid detectors has been obtained using a modified contact fabrication process. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luke, PN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1950 EP 1953 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801515 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100064 ER PT J AU Fabris, L Manfredi, P AF Fabris, L Manfredi, P TI Optimization of front-end design in imaging and spectrometry applications with room temperature semiconductor detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE DE capacitive matching; monolithic processes; noise optimization ID SUBMICRON CMOS TECHNOLOGIES; LHC EXPERIMENTS; PIXEL DETECTOR; PREAMPLIFIERS; ELECTRONICS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CIRCUIT; MOSFETS; SYSTEM; VERTEX AB This paper addresses the optimization of front-end design in position sensing, imaging. and high-resolution energy dispersive analysis with room temperature semiconductor detectors. The focus is on monolithic solutions able to meet the requirements of high functional densities set by multielectrode, finely segmented detectors. Front-end architectures featuring additional functions besides charge measurements, as demanded by the need of acquiring and processing multiparametric information associated with the detector signals will be discussed. Noise will be an issue of dominant importance in all the following analysis. The advent of CMOS processes featuring submicron gate length and gate oxide thicknesses in the few nanometers region is overturning some of the classical criteria in the choice of the front-end device. The achievement of the limits in resolution requires a strict control of the noise contribution from the current amplifier which ordinarily follows the front-end element in the charge-sensitive loop. This aspect becomes more crucial in designing front-end systems with submicron processes. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. INFN, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Lfabris@lbl.gov; PFManfredi@lbl.gov RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1978 EP 1985 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801703 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100070 ER PT J AU McGregor, DS Klann, RT Gersch, HK Ariesanti, E Sanders, JD VanDerElzen, B AF McGregor, DS Klann, RT Gersch, HK Ariesanti, E Sanders, JD VanDerElzen, B TI New surface morphology for low stress thin-film-coated thermal neutron detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE neutron detector; semiconductor detector AB Experimental devices using patterns of holes etched into semiconductor surfaces are under evaluation for use as neutron detectors. The devices have miniature holes equidistantly spaced so as to completely cover the front surface of a planar semiconductor device. The devices have both electrical contacts and neutron-reactive coatings applied over the surface and within the holes. The tiny via holes assist in thin-film adhesion while offering a method to increase the thermal-neutron detection efficiency. C1 Kansas State Univ, SMART Lab, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Labs W, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. Univ Michigan, Solid State Elect Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP McGregor, DS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, SMART Lab, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1999 EP 2004 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801697 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100073 ER PT J AU Rouse, AA Szeles, C Ndap, JO Soldner, SA Parnham, KB Gaspar, DJ Engelhard, MH Lea, AS Shutthanandan, SV Thevuthasan, TS Baer, DR AF Rouse, AA Szeles, C Ndap, JO Soldner, SA Parnham, KB Gaspar, DJ Engelhard, MH Lea, AS Shutthanandan, SV Thevuthasan, TS Baer, DR TI Interfacial chemistry and the performance of bromine-etched CdZnTe radiation detector devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE bromine; CdZnTe; oxides; Pt; TeO2 ID CADMIUM TELLURIDE; CDTE; CONTACTS; CD1-XZNXTE; SURFACES AB The interfacial chemistry and composition of Pt electrodes sputter deposited on bromine-etched CdZnTe surfaces was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The interfacial composition of a functioning and a nonfunctioning CdZnTe detector shows significant differences. The degree of cation out-diffusion into the Pt overlayer and the in-diffusion of Pt into the CdZnTe correlate with the degree of oxidation found at the metal-semiconductor interface. Most of the oxide present at the interface was found to be TeO2. The results suggest that the interdiffusion of the atoms and associated charges contribute to stoichiometric variations at the metal-semiconductor interface and influence the electrical performance of the devices. C1 II IV Inc, Saxonburg, PA 16056 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rouse, AA (reprint author), II IV Inc, Saxonburg, PA 16056 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 2005 EP 2009 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.801705 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 610FY UT WOS:000178951100074 ER PT J AU Moeller, TM Alexander, ML Engelhard, MH Gaspar, DJ Luna, ML Irving, PM AF Moeller, TM Alexander, ML Engelhard, MH Gaspar, DJ Luna, ML Irving, PM TI Surface decontamination of simulated chemical warfare agents using a nonequilibrium plasma with off-gas monitoring SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric air-plasma discharge; chemical warfare agent; decontamination; ion-trap mass spectrometry; nonequilibrium plasma; nonthermal plasma ID GLOW-DISCHARGE PLASMA; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; STERILIZATION AB InnovaTek, Inc., Richland, WA, is developing a surface decontamination technology that utilizes active species generated in a nonequilibrium corona plasma. The plasma technology was tested against dimethyl-methyl phosphonate (DMMP), a simulant for the chemical agent Sarin. Gas chromatograph mass spectrometry analysis showed that a greater than four log,, destruction of the DMMP on an aluminum surface was achieved in a 10-min treatment. An ion-trap mass spectrometer was utilized to collect time-resolved data on the treatment off-gases. These data indicate that only nontoxic fragments of the broken down DMMP molecule were present in the gas phase. The technology is being further refined to develop a product that will not only decontaminate surfaces but that will also sense when decontamination is complete. C1 InnovaTek Inc, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Moeller, TM (reprint author), InnovaTek Inc, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1454 EP 1459 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.804197 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 638RB UT WOS:000180583100011 ER PT J AU Herrmann, HW Selwyn, GS Henins, I Park, J Jeffery, M Williams, JM AF Herrmann, HW Selwyn, GS Henins, I Park, J Jeffery, M Williams, JM TI Chemical warfare agent decontamination studies in the plasma decon chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric-pressure; chemical warfare; decontamination; nonthermal; plasma; sterilization ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PLASMA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DISCHARGE; JET; VX AB A "plasma decon chamber" has been developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Albuquerque, NM, to study the decontamination of chemical and biological warfare agents. This technology is targeted at sensitive electronic equipment for which there is currently no acceptable, nondestructive means of decontamination. Chemical reactivity is provided by a downstream flux of reactive radicals such as atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen, produced in a capacitively coupled plasma. In addition, the decon chamber provides an environment that accelerates the evaporation of chemical agents from contaminated surfaces by vacuum, heat, and forced convection. Once evaporated, agents and agent byproducts are recirculated directly through the plasma, where they undergo further chemical breakdown. Preliminary studies on actual chemical agents were conducted at the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT. Exposures were conducted at a system pressure of 30 torr, exposure temperature of 70 degreesC, plasma-to-sample standoff distance of 10 cm, and 10% addition of oxygen or hydrogen to a helium balance. This exposure condition was based on optimization studies conducted at LANL on agent simulants. The agents studied were VX and soman (GD) nerve agents and sulfur mustard (HD) blister agent, as well as a thickened simulant. All agents were decontaminated off aluminum substrates to below the detection limit of similar to0.1% of the initial contamination level of approximately 1 mg/cm(2). For VX, this level of decontamination was achieved in 8-16 min of exposure, while only 2 min were required for the more volatile HD and GD. Evaporation and subsequent gas-phase chemical breakdown in the plasma appears to be the dominant decontamination mechanism for all of the agents. However, an observed difference in the decontamination process between oxygen and hydrogen indicates that chemical reactivity in the liquid phase also plays an important role. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USA, Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Herrmann, HW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1460 EP 1470 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.804196 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 638RB UT WOS:000180583100012 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Chu, PK Kwok, SCH Brown, IG AF Zhang, T Chu, PK Kwok, SCH Brown, IG TI Optimal duct bias for transport of cathodic-arc Plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cathodic arc; plasma transport ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; VACUUM-ARC; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; DEPOSITION AB Carbon and titanium plasmas are used to investigate the effects of duct bias on the plasma transport through the magnetic duct of a cathodic-arc plasma source as a function of the magnetic-field strength and arc current so as to determine the optimal duct bias, at which the magnetic duct produces the maximum efficiency for plasma transport. The influence of the guiding magnetic field and are current on the optimal duct bias is investigated. The optimal duct bias increases with the plasma density for carbon plasma, while the relationship is the opposite for the titanium plasma. The carbon-plasma behavior can be explained by a plasma-diffusion model presented in this paper, since the electron-ion collision frequency nu(ei) is less than the electron-cyclotron frequency nu(c,e). On the other hand, in a titanium plasma, nu(ei) is larger than nu(c,e), so this model is inaccurate. Our result shows that different kinds of plasmas have different transport behavior through the magnetic duct and thus, the duct parameters must be carefully chosen in order to achieve the optimal transport efficiency. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing Radiat Ctr, Inst Low Energy Nucl Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, T (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RI Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1602 EP 1605 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.804169 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 638RD UT WOS:000180583300007 ER PT J AU Dixon, WE Zergeroglu, E Dawson, DM Costic, BT AF Dixon, WE Zergeroglu, E Dawson, DM Costic, BT TI Repetitive learning control: A Lyapunov-based approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE adaptive control; learning control; repetitive update law; robot manipulator ID NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; ROBOTIC MANIPULATORS; CONSTRAINED MANIPULATORS; CONTROL SCHEME; ROBUSTNESS; TRACKING; MOTION; FORCE AB In this paper, a learning-based feedforward term is developed to solve a general control problem in the presence of unknown nonlinear dynamics with a known period. Since the learning-based feedforward term is generated from a straightforward Lyapunov-like stability analysis, the control designer can utilize other Lyapunov-based design techniques to develop hybrid control schemes that utilize learning-based feedforward terms to compensate for periodic dynamics and other Lyapunov-based approaches (e.g., adaptive-based feedforward terms) to compensate for nonperiodic dynamics. To illustrate this point, a hybrid adaptive/learning control scheme is utilized to achieve global asymptotic link position tracking for a robot manipulator. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Bell Lab Innovat Opt Fiber Solut, Sturbridge, MA 01566 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Dixon, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X NR 33 TC 99 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1083-4419 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 538 EP 545 AR PII S 1083-4419(02)03112-6 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2002.1018772 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 574VA UT WOS:000176909200013 PM 18238149 ER PT J AU Driessen, BJ Sadegh, N AF Driessen, BJ Sadegh, N TI Multi-input square iterative learning control with input rate limits and bounds SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE convergence theory; input bounds/limits; iterative learning control; multi-input ID SYSTEMS; ROBOTS AB We present a simple modification of the iterative learning control algorithm of Arimoto et al. for the case where the inputs are bounded and time-rate-limited. The Jacobian error condition for monotonicity of input-error, rather than output-error, norms, is specified, the,latter being insufficient to assure convergence, as proved herein. To the best of our knowledge, these facts have not been previously pointed out in the iterative learning control literature. We present a new proof that the modified controller produces monotonically decreasing input error norms, with a norm that covers the entire time interval of a learning trial. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Driessen, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1083-4419 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 545 EP 550 AR PII S 1083-4419(02)03111-4 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2002.1018773 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 574VA UT WOS:000176909200014 PM 18238150 ER PT J AU Meyer, AW Candy, JV AF Meyer, AW Candy, JV TI Iterative processing of ultrasonic measurements to characterize flaws in critical optical components SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Real-time nondestructive evaluation is crucial for the safety and maintenance of critical optics in high energy, laser physics experiments. Fluence levels in short pulse, high-energy lasers can produce pits and cracks in the surfaces of the laser's optical components. These flaws in the optical glass can adversely affect the production of the laser light, or even result in a catastrophic failure of the optical component itself. Consequently, the detection, localization, and characterization of these flaws is critical. This raper describes the novel application of several signal and image-processing techniques that detect, localize, and characterize flaws in optical components. These techniques are embedded into an optic scanning system to automatically identify and report on the condition of the vacuum windows used in high fluence laser systems. These techniques exploit measurements made from two orthogonal acoustic arrays mounted on adjacent edges of the optic. After preprocessing the raw channel measurement data from two orthogonal, narrow beamwidth, transducer arrays, a two-dimensional (2-D) power image is created. A physics-based 2-D matched filter is then developed for detecting and localization. An iterative solution to sequentially search the resulting image to extract and characterize the flaws is discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meyer, AW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD AUG PY 2002 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1124 EP 1138 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1026025 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 583NV UT WOS:000177414700012 ER PT J AU Yu, W Choi, SUS France, DM Wambsganss, MW AF Yu, W Choi, SUS France, DM Wambsganss, MW TI Single-sided steam condensing inside a rectangular horizontal channel SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION AB Heat transfer rates for steam condensation were experimentally studied in a horizontal channel with: bottom-sided cooling only, relatively small vertical channel height of 3.137 mm, width of 18.898 mm, and cooled length of 3 m. Experiments were performed at low mass flux (20-50 kg/m(2) s) and at pressures of 170-620 kPa applicable to large drum-type heat exchangers. Results for this rather unique combination of parameters were compared to: (1) trends from other better established condensing systems, and (2) the few available condensing correlations that cover most of the parameter ranges of these experiments. Modifications are presented which better predict the data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Yu, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 335, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 45 IS 18 BP 3715 EP 3724 AR PII S0017-9310(02)00087-X PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 565BL UT WOS:000176348200004 ER PT J AU Laskin, J Denisov, E Futrell, JH AF Laskin, J Denisov, E Futrell, JH TI Fragmentation energetics of small peptides from multiple-collision activation and surface-induced dissociation in FT-ICR MS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE multiple-collision activation; surface-induced dissociation; SORI-CID; protonated peptides; fragmentation energetics ID PROTONATED PEPTIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; AMIDE BOND; IONS AB Multiple-collision activation (MCA-CID) using the sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI) method and surface-induced dissociation (SID) of protonated tri- and tetraalanine (AAA)H+ and (AAAA)H+ were investigated using a 7 T Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer (FT-ICR MS). Energy-resolved fragmentation efficiency curves (FECs) obtained using both activation techniques were modeled using RRKM/QET formalism. Comparison of rates of formation of fragment ions originating from C- and N-terminal dissociation of protonated tetraalanine as a function of collision energy demonstrates that threshold energies for these dissociation channels are identical and that entropic factors are very similar. For tetraalanine modeling of both SID and MCA-CID experimental results provides reliable values for dissociation thresholds for the principal dissociation channels. However, this is not the case for protonated trialanine, where C-terminal. fragmentation is preferred entropically but has higher dissociation energy and a slower rate over the range of collision energies investigated. Dissociation thresholds for the formation of y ions extracted from MCA-CID data for trialanine were substantially higher than thresholds obtained from SID data. Because our modeling approach assumes instantaneous ion activation, this difference is attributed to the slow nature of MCA-CID that becomes apparent for competing reactions with a substantial difference between dissociation thresholds. In this case, fragmentation via a higher-energy channel competes with stepwise ion activation. Consequently, MCA-CID results in effective discrimination against higher activation energy fragmentation pathways. For the series di-, tri-, and tetraalanine the lowest energy dissociation channels have thermochemical thresholds of 2.11, 1.46 and 1.20 eV, respectively based on our SID results. This demonstrates that thermochemical stability decreases with increasing size of the peptide. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999,K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM julia.laskin@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 219 IS 1 BP 189 EP 201 AR PII S1387-3806(01)00582-6 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00582-6 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 591BV UT WOS:000177860600017 ER PT J AU Alam, TM AF Alam, Todd M. TI Ab Initio Calculations of P-31 NMR Chemical Shielding Anisotropy Tensors in Phosphates: Variations Due to Ring Formation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE NMR; ab initio; P-31; GIAO; Chemical shielding anisotropy; CSA; Tensor; Hartree-Fock; Phosphates; Rings; Cyclization AB Ring formation in phosphate systems is expected to influence both the magnitude and orientation of the phosphorus (P-31) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shielding anisotropy (CSA) tensor. Ab initio calculations of the P-31 CSA tensor in both cyclic and acyclic phosphate clusters were performed as a function of the number of phosphate tetrahedral in the system. The calculation of the P-31 CSA tensors employed the GAUSSIAN 98 implementation of the gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) method at the Hartree-Fock (HF) level. It is shown that both the P-31 CSA tensor anisotropy, and the isotropic chemical shielding can be used for the identification of cyclic phosphates. The differences between the P-31 CSA tensor in acyclic and cyclic phosphate systems become less pronounced with increasing number of phosphate groups within the ring. The orientation of the principal components for the P-31 CSA tensor shows some variation due to cyclization, most notably with the smaller, highly strained ring systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, MS-0888, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a mulitprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-0067 J9 INT J MOL SCI JI Int. J. Mol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 3 IS 8 BP 888 EP 906 DI 10.3390/i3080888 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA V33IA UT WOS:000209011300004 ER PT J AU Goldberg, Z Lehnert, BE AF Goldberg, Z Lehnert, BE TI Radiation-induced effects in unirradiated cells: A review and implications in cancer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ionizing radiation; bystander effects; bystander cells; cell signaling; carcinogenesis; cancer risk assessment ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; 2ND MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS; ALPHA-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; BONE-MARROW CELLS; VERY-LOW FLUENCES; IONIZING-RADIATION; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VIVO AB A long-held central dogma of radiation biology has been that the carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation (IR) are induced by the direct and radiolytic actions of IR on nuclear DNA. Numerous investigations, however, have revealed that several cancer relevant effects of IR can occur in cells that have received only cytoplasmic or plasmalemmal membrane exposure to IR. Further, mounting evidence now indicates that many effects that have been attributed to IR-induced damage to nuclear DNA or that occur following irradiation of the cytoplasmic compartment of cells can also occur in cells that have received no direct exposure to IR per se. These so-called 'bystander effects', i.e., radiation-induced effects in unirradiated cells, include cell killing, increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species, the induction of mutations, enhanced cell growth, the induction of apoptosis, the induction of genomic instability and neoplastic transformation. In this report, we summarize the evidence that demonstrates IR can cause this array of effects in non-irradiated cells, and we discuss recent findings concerning the potential mechanisms that may underlie IR-induced effects in unirradiated, or 'bystander' cells. Additionally, we discuss IR-induced bystander effects and their possible relationship to some in vivo observations, how bystander effects may pertain to carcinogenesis the treatment of tumors with radiotherapy, and how effects in bystander cells contribute to uncertainties in assessing cancer risks associated with exposure to IR. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldberg, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA82598] NR 135 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 4 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 337 EP 349 PG 13 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 574WQ UT WOS:000176913000016 PM 12118330 ER PT J AU Berar, JF Blanquart, L Boudet, N Breugnon, P Caillot, B Clemens, JC Delpierre, P Koudobine, I Mouget, C Potheau, R Valin, I AF Berar, JF Blanquart, L Boudet, N Breugnon, P Caillot, B Clemens, JC Delpierre, P Koudobine, I Mouget, C Potheau, R Valin, I TI A pixel detector with large dynamic range for high photon counting rates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; BEAMLINE; D2AM AB In this paper, results obtained from a prototype photon counting detector are presented. The pixel size is 330 mum x 330 mum for a total area of 16 mum x 40 mm. The detector works at room temperature and its dynamic response ranges from 0.01 up to 10(6) photons pixel(-1) s(-1). An energy resolution of about 1.5 keV has been measured. Very encouraging small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and diffraction patterns were obtained, demonstrating the success of the prototype. Plans for future developments based on this study are presented. C1 ESRF, D2AM, CRGF, F-38042 Grenoble, France. IN2P3, CPPM, F-13288 Marseille, France. CNRS, Cristallog Lab, F-38042 Grenoble, France. LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Berar, JF (reprint author), ESRF, D2AM, CRGF, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RI d2am, beamline/I-6445-2015 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 35 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1107/S0021889802008403 PN 4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 574QU UT WOS:000176901700010 ER PT J AU Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Adams, PD AF Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Adams, PD TI On the handling of atomic anisotropic displacement parameters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; REFINEMENT AB A number of conventions for the parameterization of atomic anisotropic displacements are used in the literature and in crystallographic programs. Here we summarize the commonly used conventions, with a special emphasis on their application in macromolecular crystallography. We then describe a new software toolbox for the handling of the various parameterizations of atomic anisotropic displacements and their interconversion. All algorithms are integrated into the freely available Computational Crystallography Toolbox. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grosse-Kunstleve, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 4-230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 35 BP 477 EP 480 DI 10.1107/S0021889802008580 PN 4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 574QU UT WOS:000176901700011 ER PT J AU Shima, H Novosad, V Otani, Y Fukamichi, K Kikuchi, N Kitakamai, O Shimada, Y AF Shima, H Novosad, V Otani, Y Fukamichi, K Kikuchi, N Kitakamai, O Shimada, Y TI Pinning of magnetic vortices in microfabricated permalloy dot arrays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NANODISKS AB Temperature dependent magnetic properties of vortices trapped in a lithographically patterned Permalloy disk were examined. A large residual magnetization at 5 K was observed in hysteresis curves unlike theoretical prediction. The residual magnetization, coercive field, and initial susceptibility were found to be dependent on temperature. Escaping from the pinning potential was facilitated by the increase of temperature, and the pinning temperature T-pin was 9.6 K. The vortex is effectively pinned at the pinning potential when Ttertiary-butylhydrazine>dimethylhydrazine. We propose a simple model based on chemical reactions to account for the differences in incorporation efficiency. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ptak, AJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, MS 3212,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG PY 2002 VL 243 IS 2 BP 231 EP 237 AR PII S0022-0248(02)01412-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01412-4 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 588DD UT WOS:000177684900001 ER PT J AU Carroll, TX Bozek, JD Kukk, E Myrseth, V Saethre, LJ Thomas, TD Wiesner, K AF Carroll, TX Bozek, JD Kukk, E Myrseth, V Saethre, LJ Thomas, TD Wiesner, K TI Xenon N4,5OO Auger spectrum - a useful calibration source SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Auger; photoelectron; spin-orbit; calibration; xenon 4d ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; BRANCHING RATIO; XE-III; ELECTRON; SPECTROSCOPY; KRYPTON AB In the xenon N(4.)5OOAuger spectrum there are 19 prominent lines ranging in kinetic energy from 8 to 36 eV that provide a convenient set of standards for calibrating electron spectrometers. Combining optical data with recent measurements of this spectrum gives energies for these lines that are absolutely accurate to 11 meV. For most lines the relative accuracy is better than 1 meV-, for a few it is about 3 meV. The spin-orbit splitting of the xenon 4d lines is determined to be 1979.0+/-0.5 meV. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Keuka Coll, New York, NY 14478 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland. Univ Bergen, Dept Chem, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Thomas, TD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Wiesner, Karoline/O-3967-2015 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Wiesner, Karoline/0000-0003-2944-1988 NR 13 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 125 IS 2 BP 127 EP 132 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00134-2 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00134-2 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 579WZ UT WOS:000177202700006 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, JG TI Extension of poroelastic analysis to double-porosity materials: New technique in microgeomechanics SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mechanics and Materials CY JUN 26-29, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE porous materials; poroelasticity; micromechanics ID NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRS; POROUS-MEDIA; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; EFFECTIVE STRESS; ROCK; TRANSPORT; FLUID; CONSOLIDATION; DEFORMATION; FLOW AB Double-porosity materials were introduced as models for oil and gas reservoirs having both storage and transport porosities, and were at first usually treated as static mechanical systems in order to study the flow patterns of fluids during reservoir pump down. Because fluid withdrawal normally increases the effective stress acting on the reservoir, it also turns out to be important to study the geomechanics of the reservoir and how changing fluid pressure affects the solid compaction and fluid permeability of these systems. At the microscale, the mechanical properties of the solid constituents and their distribution in space determine the overall macromechanics of the reservoir system. For systems containing two porosities and two types of solid constituents, exact results for all but one (which may be taken as the overall drained bulk modulus of the system) of the mechanical constants can be derived when the constitutents' properties are known using methods developed in this paper. For multiporosity systems, closure of the system of equations remains an open question, although it is clear that the system can always be closed by the addition of further macroscale measurements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berryman1@llnl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 46 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 EI 1943-7889 J9 J ENG MECH JI J. Eng. Mech. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 128 IS 8 BP 840 EP 847 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:8(840) PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 577KA UT WOS:000177059000006 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DI Knox, AS Myers, J AF Kaplan, DI Knox, AS Myers, J TI Mercury geochemistry in wetland and its implications for in situ remediation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE mercury; wetlands; remedial action; sediment ID FLOODPLAIN SOILS; SEDIMENTS; METHYLATION; SPECIATION AB The objective of this study was to characterize the nature of Hg sorption to a wetland sediment with the intent of providing guidance for the selection of an appropriate in situ remediation strategy. Total Hg concentrations in the sediments were as high as 10 mg/kg, whereas associated pore water Hg concentrations were below detection, <0.010 mg/L. Sediment Hg was not in an exchangeable form, and < 8 % of it was associated with organic matter. The remainder of the Hg was strongly associated with Fe oxides and/or with a precipitated phase, presumably a sulfide. Sediment Hg concentrations were significantly correlated (r = 0.94) with Fe oxide concentrations. Thermodynamic calculations based on field Eh/pH measurements and laboratory results suggest that under present field conditions metacinnabar (HgS) would not be stable due to the relatively low pH (similar to4.2) and sulfate concentrations (0.14 mM) and high Eh levels at the study site. However, these calculations indicate that metacinnabar may have formed when the Hg first entered the wetland at elevated concentrations (similar to5 mg/L). Given the ecologically sensitive nature of the wetland and the fact that the Hg is strongly bound to the sediment, it was concluded that a monitored natural attenuation approach for site remediation may be appropriate. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Kaplan, DI (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Bld 733-43A Rm 215, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2002 VL 128 IS 8 BP 723 EP 732 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:8(723) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 577JK UT WOS:000177057600008 ER PT J AU Fawcett, PJ Boslough, MBE AF Fawcett, PJ Boslough, MBE TI Climatic effects of an impact-induced equatorial debris ring SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE impact; planetary ring; paleoclimate; tektitkes; Eocene; snowball Earth ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; EARTH; EOCENE; EXTINCTION; SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9; CONSEQUENCES; HISTORY; SYSTEMS; BOLIDE; FIELD AB [1] Several theoretical and laboratory studies suggest that some large impact events are capable of inserting material into space depending on mechanics of the impact. This material would quickly coalesce to form a temporary debris ring in orbit around the equator, which would cast its shadow on the winter hemisphere. The results of an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) simulation where an orbiting equatorial debris ring is applied as a boundary condition to the model show how the longer-term effects of a major impact could affect the climate system. The primary effect is a severe cooling in the tropics and the subtropics, especially under the seasonally migrating ring shadow. The globe cools and becomes drier, with the exception of monsoonal regions that become wetter. The Hadley cell is weakened resulting in drier tropics and weaker subtropical high-pressure cells in the winter hemisphere. Because the tropics cool more than middle latitude regions, the equator-to-pole temperature gradient becomes shallower resulting in weaker tropospheric winds and less high-latitude storminess. We suggest that the late Eocene impact(s) (35.5 Ma) could have generated a geologically temporary orbiting debris ring based on the global distribution of tektites associated with these events and patterns of climate change immediately above the iridium/microtektite layer. The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event, while larger, did not produce a debris ring. We also suggest that an opaque debris ring could have acted as the trigger to at least one episode of global glaciation during the Neoproterozoic. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fawcett, PJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 220 Northrop Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 107 IS D15 AR 4231 DI 10.1029/2001JD001230 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 610TR UT WOS:000178977400030 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS AF Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS TI Hepatitis B virus viral dynamics: effects of drug dose and baseline alanine aminotransferase SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID IN-VIVO; C VIRUS; INTERFERON-ALPHA; COMBINATION THERAPY; CLEARANCE; KINETICS; RIBAVIRIN; INFECTION; HIV-1; LAMIVUDINE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-K710,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 277 EP 279 AR PII S0168-8278(02)00210-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00210-6 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 586PP UT WOS:000177593500017 PM 12127436 ER PT J AU Gregoire, T Wacker, JG AF Gregoire, T Wacker, JG TI Mooses, topology, and Higgs SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE spontaneous symmetry breaking; beyond Standard Model; Higgs physics; chiral lagrangians ID COMPOSITE HIGGS; BREAKING; SUPERSYMMETRY; SYMMETRY; SU(2) AB New theories of electroweak symmetry breaking have recently been constructed that stabilize the weak scale and do not rely upon supersymmetry. In these theories the Higgs boson is weakly coupled pseudo-Goldstone boson. In this note we study the class of theories that can be described by theory spaces and show that the fundamental group of theory space describes all the relevant classical physics in the low energy theory. The relationship between the low energy physics and the topological properties of theory space allow systematic method for constructing theory spaces that give any desired low energy particle content and potential. This provides us with tools for analyzing and constructing new theories of electroweak symmetry breaking. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Jefferson Phys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gregoire, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gregoirt@socrates.berkeley.edu; jgwacker@physics.berkeley.edu NR 23 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 IS 8 AR 019 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 611CU UT WOS:000178999500019 ER PT J AU Harnik, R Murayama, H Pierce, A AF Harnik, R Murayama, H Pierce, A TI Purely four-dimensional viable anomaly mediation SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry breaking; supersymmetry phenomenology ID SUPERSYMMETRY-BREAKING; GAUGE-THEORIES; DUALITY; TERMS AB Anomaly mediation of supersymmetry breaking solves the supersymmetric flavor problem thanks to its ultraviolet-insensitivity. However, it suers from two problems: sleptons have negative masses-squared, and there are likely bulk moduli that spoil the framework. Here, we present the first fully ultraviolet-insensitive model of anomaly mediation with positive slepton masses-squared in a purely four-dimensional framework. Our model is based on the additional D-term contributions to the sparticle masses, and the conformal sequestering mechanism. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roni@socrates.berkeley.edu; h_murayama@lbl.gov; apierce@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 IS 8 AR 034 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 611CU UT WOS:000178999500034 ER PT J AU Wilson, DG Robinett, RD Parker, GG Starr, GP AF Wilson, DG Robinett, RD Parker, GG Starr, GP TI Augmented sliding mode control for flexible link manipulators SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE flexible link; sliding mode control; manipulator ID VIBRATION; SYSTEMS AB A method of sliding mode control (SMC) is proposed for the control of flexible, nonlinear, and structural systems. The method departs from standard sliding mode control by dispensing with generalized accelerations during the control law design. Global, asymptotic stability of rigid body motion is maintained if knowledge on the bounds of the neglected terms exists. Furthermore, this method provides damping for the measured flexible body modes. This paper investigates an augmented SMC technique for slewing flexible manipulators. A conventional sliding surface uses a first order system including a combination of error and error rate terms. The augmented sliding surface includes an enhanced term that helps to reject flexible degrees-of-freedom. The algorithms are theoretically developed and experimentally tested on a slewing single flexible link robot. The test apparatus is instrumented with a strain gauge at the root and an accelerometer attached at the tip. A DC motor and encoder are used to servo the link from an initial position to a final position. A standard cubic polynomial is employed to generate the reference trajectories. The augmented SMC algorithm showed improved performance by reducing the flexible link tip oscillations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Wilson, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 415 EP 430 AR UNSP 406892.oas DI 10.1023/A:1019635709331 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 581LK UT WOS:000177293700005 ER PT J AU Wong-Foy, A Saxena, S Moule, AJ Bitter, HML Seeley, JA McDermott, R Clarke, J Pines, A AF Wong-Foy, A Saxena, S Moule, AJ Bitter, HML Seeley, JA McDermott, R Clarke, J Pines, A TI Laser-polarized Xe-129 NMR and MRI at ultralow magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE SQUID; imaging; laser polarized; xenon; ultralow field ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; NOBLE-GAS; SPIN EXCHANGE; XENON; FLOW; ATOMS AB Laser-polarized Xe-129 and a high-T-c superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) are used to obtain magnetic resonance images in porous materials at a magnetic field of 2.3 mT, corresponding to a Larmor frequency of 27 kHz. Image resolution of 1 mm is obtained with gradients of only 1 mT/m. The resolution of xenon chemical shifts in different physicochemical environments at ultralow fields is also demonstrated. Details of the circulating flow optical pumping apparatus and the SQUID spectrometer are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wong-Foy, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Moule, Adam/B-9484-2013; OI Moule, Adam/0000-0003-1354-3517; Saxena, Sunil/0000-0001-9098-6114 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 157 IS 2 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1006/jmre.2002.2592 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 600EJ UT WOS:000178377400009 PM 12323142 ER PT J AU McDeavitt, SM Billings, GW Indacochea, JE AF McDeavitt, SM Billings, GW Indacochea, JE TI High temperature interaction behavior at liquid metal-ceramic interfaces SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE liquid metal/ceramic interface; reactive wetting; Yttria substrate; Zirconium and Hafnium Carbide substrates; zirconium metal; zirconium-stainless steel alloys ID STAINLESS-STEEL; ALLOYS AB Liquid metal/ceramic interaction experiments were undertaken at elevated temperatures with the purpose of developing reusable crucibles for melting reactive metals. The metals used in this work included zirconium (Zr), Zr-8 wt.% stainless steel, and stainless steel containing 15 wt.% Zr. The ceramic substrates include yttria, Zr carbide, and hafnium (Hf) carbide. The metal-ceramic samples were placed on top of a tungsten (W) dish. These experiments were conducted with the temperature increasing at a controlled rate until reaching set points above 2000 degreesC; the systems were held at the peak temperature for about five min and then cooled. The atmosphere in the furnace was argon (Ar). An outside video recording system was used to monitor the changes on heating up and cooling down. All samples underwent a post-test metallurgical examination. Pure Zr was found to react with yttria, resulting in oxygen (0) evolution at the liquid metal-ceramic interface. In addition, dissolved 0 was observed in the as-cooled Zr metal. Yttrium (Y) was also present in the Zr metal, but it had segregated to the grain boundaries on cooling. Despite the normal expectations for reactive wetting, no transition interface was developed, but the Zr metal was tightly bound to yttria ceramic. Similar reactions occurred between the yttria and the Zr-stainless steel alloys. Two other ceramic samples were Zr carbide and Hf carbide; both carbide substrates were wetted readily by the molten Zr, which flowed easily to the sides of the substrates. The molten Zr caused a very limited dissolution of the Zr carbide, and it reacted more strongly with the Hf carbide. These reactive wetting results are relevant to the design of interfaces and the development of reactive filter metals for the fabrication of high temperature components through metal-ceramic joining. Parameters that have a marked impact on this interface reaction include the thermodynamic stability of the substrate, the properties of the modified interface, the temperature-dependent solubility limits of the liquids and solid phases, and the high-temperature stoichiometry of the ceramic. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. W CERAC Inc, McCarran, NV 89434 USA. Univ Illinois, CME Dept, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP McDeavitt, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1361/105994902770343917 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 590MT UT WOS:000177827200008 ER PT J AU Dawley, JT Clem, PG Siegal, MP Tallant, DR Overmyer, DL AF Dawley, JT Clem, PG Siegal, MP Tallant, DR Overmyer, DL TI Improving sol-gel YBa2Cu3O7-delta film morphology using high-boiling-point solvents SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BA2YCU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; 001 LAALO3; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; FABRICATION; DIOL AB The effect of high-boiling-point solvent addition on the morphology of low-p(O-2) processed, sol-gel YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films is discussed. Proper selection and addition of a high-boiling-point solvent prevents film roughening during precursor pyrolysis, while permitting at least a tenfold reduction in pyrolysis time compared to standard film processing in air or O-2. Use of such solvents appears to increase film plasticity, avoiding elastic compressive stress related buckling. High-quality YBCO films on <100> LaAlO3 with a critical current density (J(c)) similar to 3-4 MA/cm(2) at 77 K, are routinely crystallized with this new sol-gel process. Diethanolamine-based, sol-gel YBCO films deposited on sol-gel SrTiO3-buffered <100> Ni have J(c)(77 K) > 1 MA/cm(2), demonstrating a route toward all-sol-gel superconducting wires. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dawley, JT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1900 EP 1903 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0282 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 579ZG UT WOS:000177208800007 ER PT J AU Pirzada, M Grimes, RW Maguire, J Sickafus, K AF Pirzada, M Grimes, RW Maguire, J Sickafus, K TI Predictions of strontium accommodation in A(2)B(2)O(7) pyrochlores SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RADIATION; PLUTONIUM; DISORDER; IMMOBILIZATION; MIGRATION; MINERALS; OXIDES; WASTE AB A(2)B(2)O(7) pyrochlore oxides are being considered as potential host materials for the immobilization of fission products. It is therefore important to establish the relative ability of these compounds to accommodate fission product ions. We address this issue by using computer simulations to predict the structures and relative equilibrium energies associated with solution of Sr(2+) over an extensive compositional range. Results indicate that strontium is accommodated via substitution for A host cations with oxygen vacancy compensation. This results in a nonstoichiometric composition. Optimum compositions and defect clusters structures are identified by constructing contour energy maps. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AF Lab, AFRL,MLMR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pirzada, M (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2041 EP 2047 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0302 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 579ZG UT WOS:000177208800027 ER PT J AU Qian, J Voronin, G Zerda, TW He, D Zhao, Y AF Qian, J Voronin, G Zerda, TW He, D Zhao, Y TI High-pressure, high-temperature sintering of diamond-SiC composites by ball-milled diamond-Si mixtures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SILICON; GRAPHITE; SPECTRUM; CRYSTALS; GROWTH; FILMS AB A new method of sintering diamond-silicon carbide composites is proposed. This method is an alternate to the liquid silicon infiltration technique and is based on simultaneous ball milling of diamond and silicon powder mixtures. Composites with fine-grain diamonds embedded in a diamond-SiC nanocrystalline matrix were sintered from these mixtures. Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman scattering were used to characterize the ball-milled precursors and the sintered composites. It was found that the presence of diamond micron-size particles in the initial powder mixture promotes milling of silicone particles and their transformation into the amorphous state. Mechanical properties of the composites, sintered from mixtures of different ball-milling history at different pressure-temperature conditions, (6 GPa/1400 degreesC and 8 GPa/2000 degreesC) were studied. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Qian, J (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2153 EP 2160 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0317 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 579ZG UT WOS:000177208800042 ER PT J AU Sugama, T Brothers, LE Weber, L AF Sugama, T Brothers, LE Weber, L TI Calcium aluminate cements in fly ash/calcium aluminate blend phosphate cement systems: Their role in inhibiting carbonation and acid corrosion at a low hydrothermal temperature of 90 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Study was focused upon formulating sodium polyphosphate-modified fly ash/calcium aluminate blend (SFCB) geothermal well cements with advanced anti-carbonation and anti-acid corrosive properties. At a low hydrothermal temperature of 90 C, to improve these properties, we investigated the effectiveness of various calcium aluminate cement (CAC) reactants in minimizing the rate of carbonation and in abating the attack of H2SO4 (pH similar to 1.6). We found that the most effective CAC had two major phases, monocalcium aluminate (CA) and calcium bialuminate (CA(2)), and a moderate CaO/Al2O3 ratio of 0.4. The reaction between sodium polyphosphate (NaP) and CA or CA(2) at room temperature led to the formation of amorphous dibasic calcium phosphate hydrate and anionic aluminum hydroxide caused by the decalcification of CA and CA(2). When SFCB cement made with this CAC was exposed to 4% NaHCO3-laden water at 90 degreesC, some carbonation of the cement occurred, forming calcite that was susceptible to the reaction with H2SO4. This reaction resulted in the deposition of gypsum gel scales as the acid corrosion product on the cement surfaces. The scale layer clinging to the cement protected it from further corrosion. Under such protection, the amorphous dibasic calcium phosphate hydrate crystal hydroxyapatite and anionic aluminum hydroxide crystal boehmite phase transitions were completed in acid solution. Meanwhile, the further chemical and hydration reactions of NaP with fly ash led to the formation of additional crystalline Na-P type zeolite phases. Thus, we propose that passivation of the surface of the cement by deposition of gypsum, following the formation of these reaction products, which are relatively inert to acid, are the acid corrosion-inhibiting mechanisms of the SFCB cements. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Resources Div, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Halliburton, Duncan, OK 73536 USA. Unocal Corp, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Resources Div, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 15 BP 3163 EP 3173 DI 10.1023/A:1016158328024 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 572EQ UT WOS:000176760800011 ER PT J AU Houston, KS Weinkauf, DH Stewart, FF AF Houston, KS Weinkauf, DH Stewart, FF TI Gas transport characteristics of plasma treated poly (dimethylsiloxane) and polyphosphazene membrane materials SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polypliosphazene; poly(dimethylsiloxane); plasma; surface modification; permeability ID COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; SURFACE FLUORINATION; PERMEATION; FILMS; POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE; PERMEABILITY; SELECTIVITY; SORPTION AB Gas permeability coefficients for poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and a series of polyphosphazene (PPh) materials are measured before and after 30 W argon radio frequency (RF)-plasma surface treatments. The gas transport properties of the entire series of PPh materials are relatively unaffected by the plasma treatments. In contrast with the PPhs, the same plasma treatment conditions lead to 40-80% reductions in PDMS oxygen permeability coefficients. The decreases in PDMS permeability coefficients are accompanied by occasional increases in gas pair selectivity, however, many samples show no such increase. Following plasma treatment, the highest PDMS O-2/N-2 selectivity observed is 3.1 with an 80% decrease in oxygen permeability. In cases where enhanced selectivity is observed, the activation energy of permeation in PDMS is shown to increase significantly. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Weinkauf, DH (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 112 AR PII S0376-7388(02)00068-6 DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00068-6 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 571VY UT WOS:000176740900010 ER PT J AU Le, QTH Ehler, DS McCleskey, TM Dye, RC Pesiri, DR Jarvinen, GD Sauer, NN AF Le, QTH Ehler, DS McCleskey, TM Dye, RC Pesiri, DR Jarvinen, GD Sauer, NN TI Ultra-thin gates for the transport of phenol from supported liquid membranes to permanent surface modified membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composite membranes; facilitated transport; inorganic membranes; liquid membranes; microporous and porous membranes ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; WASTE-WATER; GOLD; THIOLS; SEPARATION; EXTRACTION; RECOVERY; REMOVAL; FILMS AB We report on the development of membranes with an ultra-thin hydrophobic layer that can be used to support a liquid membrane or serve as a selective gate without further modification when the pore size is small enough. We use a thin layer of gold deposited on commercially available alumina supports to generate a layer on the surface that can be readily modified with thiols to control the hydrophobicity. Transport of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) was attained with thiol-modified gold-coated alumina membranes sealed with dodecane. The flux rates through these membranes are five times faster than control experiments through unmodified membranes and show complete selectivity. This provides strong evidence that the flux rates are high enough to be limited by simple diffusion through the alumina support. We have also demonstrated that it is possible to make ultra-thin gates with the alkyl chain itself serving as the hydrophobic barrier. With a 17 carbon chain thiol attached to the membrane in the absence of dodecane, quantitative transport is observed with the same high flux rates observed for the dodecane-treated membranes. Fixing the hydrophobic barrier to the surface should allow for more stable membranes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP McCleskey, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; OI Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 213 EP 222 AR PII S0376-7388(02)00114-X DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00114-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 571VY UT WOS:000176740900019 ER PT J AU Lin, A Kobayashi, K Yu, HG Hall, GE Muckerman, JT Sears, TJ Merer, AJ AF Lin, A Kobayashi, K Yu, HG Hall, GE Muckerman, JT Sears, TJ Merer, AJ TI Axis-switching and coriolis coupling in the (A)over-tilde(010)-(X)over-tilde(000) transitions of DCCl and HCCl SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; BROMOMETHYLENE; FLUORESCENCE AB The rotationally resolved (A) over tilde (010)-(X) over tilde (000) spectrum of DCCl between 12 880 and 12 964 cm(-1) was measured using frequency-modulated laser absorption spectroscopy of jet-cooled and ambient temperature samples. Transitions to levels with K-a(') = 0 and 1 were assigned, and their analysis leads to improved accuracy of both the ground state rotational constants of DCCl and, when combined with existing data for HCCl, the geometry of the radical. In addition to the expected perpendicular band structure, a number of parallel (Delta K-a = 0) subbands were observed. Their intensity derives from a combination of c-type Coriolis coupling and axis-switching (J. T. Hougen and J. K. G. Watson, 1965, Can. J. Pkys. 43, 298) resulting from the change in geometry between the two states. The two contributions have been calculated for the (010)-(000) band of DCCl and previously recorded data for HCCl Satisfactory agreement with experimental measurements was obtained. The Coriolis contributions are small for these transitions, but may add to or subtract from the axis-switching. For higher bending excitation in the upper state, Coriolis coupling is predicted to make larger contributions to the parallel subband intensities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Lin, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013; Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015; Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013 OI Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154; Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 214 IS 2 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1006/jmsp.2002.8594 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 589PD UT WOS:000177768100014 ER PT J AU Xiao, SJ Liu, FR Rosen, AE Hainfeld, JF Seeman, NC Musier-Forsyth, K Kiehl, RA AF Xiao, SJ Liu, FR Rosen, AE Hainfeld, JF Seeman, NC Musier-Forsyth, K Kiehl, RA TI Selfassembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays by DNA scaffolding SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; DNA; nanotechnology; self-assembly; nanoelectronics ID DESIGN AB We report the self-assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays using DNA crystals as a programmable molecular scaffolding. Gold nanoparticles, 1.4 nm in diameter, are assembled in two-dimensional arrays with interparticle spacings of 4 and 64 nm. The nanoparticles form precisely integrated components, which are covalently bonded to the DNA scaffolding. These results show that heterologous chemical systems can be assembled into precise, programmable geometrical arrangements by DNA scaffolding, thereby representing a critical step toward the realization of DNA nanotechnology. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kiehl, RA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Xiao, Shou-Jun /K-7718-2012 NR 8 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 313 EP 317 DI 10.1023/A:1021145208328 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 616PJ UT WOS:000179311900003 ER PT J AU Biegon, A Alvarado, M Budinger, TF Grossman, R Hensley, K West, MS Kotake, Y Ono, M Floyd, RA AF Biegon, A Alvarado, M Budinger, TF Grossman, R Hensley, K West, MS Kotake, Y Ono, M Floyd, RA TI Region-selective effects of neuroinflammation and antioxidant treatment on peripheral benzodiazepine receptors and NMDA receptors in the rat brain SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; endotoxin; glutamate; meningitis; NMDA receptors; peripheral benzodiazepine receptors ID TERT-BUTYL-NITRONE; SPIN-TRAPPING AGENT; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; BINDING-SITES; ACTIVATED MICROGLIA; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; GLUTAMATE RELEASE; DOWN-REGULATION AB Following induction of acute neuroinflammation by intracisternal injection of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) in rats, quantitative autoradiography was used to assess the regional level of microglial activation and glutamate (NMDA) receptor binding. The possible protective action of the antioxidant phenyl-tert -butyl nitrone in this model was tested by administering the drug in the drinking water for 6 days starting 24 hafter endotoxin injection. Animals were killed 7 days post-injection and consecutive cryostat brain sections labeled with [(3) H]PK11195 as a marker of activated microglia and [(125) I]iodoMK801 as a marker of the open-channel, activated state of NMDA receptors. Lipopolysaccharide increased [(3) H]PK11195 binding in the brain, with the largest increases (two- to threefold) in temporal and entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and substantia innominata. A significant (> 50%) decrease in [(125) I]iodoMK801 binding was found in the same brain regions. Phenyl-tert -butyl nitrone treatment resulted in a partial inhibition (approx. 25% decrease) of the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in [(3) H]PK11195 binding but completely reversed the lipopolysaccharide-induced decrease in [(125) I]iodoMK80 binding in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and substantia innominata. Loss of NMDA receptor function in cortical and hippocampal regions may contribute to the cognitive deficits observed in diseases with a neuroinflammatory component, such as meningitis or Alzheimer's disease. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP Biegon, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 55-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 59 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 82 IS 4 BP 924 EP 934 DI 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01050.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 582UJ UT WOS:000177369300021 PM 12358798 ER PT J AU Karabulut, M Marasinghe, GK Ray, CS Day, DE Waddill, GD Booth, CH Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Caulder, DL Shuh, DK AF Karabulut, M Marasinghe, GK Ray, CS Day, DE Waddill, GD Booth, CH Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Caulder, DL Shuh, DK TI An investigation of the local iron environment in iron phosphate glasses having different Fe(II) concentrations SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; PRE-EDGE; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; COORDINATION; SCATTERING; COMPLEXES; VALENCE; WASTE AB The local environment around iron ions in iron phosphate glasses of starting batch composition 40Fe(2)O(3)-60P(2)O(5) (mol%) melted at varying temperatures or under different melting atmospheres has been investigated using Fe-57 Mossbauer and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopies. Mossbauer spectra indicate that all of the glasses contain both Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions. The quadrupole splitting distribution fits of Mossbauer spectra show that Fe(II) ions occupy a single site whereas Fe(III) ions occupy two distinct sites in these glasses. When melted at higher temperatures or in reducing atmospheres, the Fe(II) fraction in the glass increases at the expense of Fe(III) ions at only one of the two sites they occupy. The pre-edge feature in the XAFS data suggests that the overall disorder in the near-neighbor environment of iron ions decreases with increasing Fe(II) fraction. The XAFS results also show that the average iron-oxygen coordination is in the 4-5 range indicating that iron ions have mixed tetrahedral-octahedral coordination. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Kafkas Univ, Dept Phys, Kars, Turkey. Univ Missouri, Grad Ctr Mat Res, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marasinghe, GK (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Box 7129, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM k.marasinghe@und.edu RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 30 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG PY 2002 VL 306 IS 2 BP 182 EP 192 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01053-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01053-0 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 574FG UT WOS:000176877300010 ER PT J AU Klueh, RL Alexander, DJ Sokolov, MA AF Klueh, RL Alexander, DJ Sokolov, MA TI Effect of chromium, tungsten, tantalum, and boron on mechanical properties of 5-9Cr-WVTaB steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION FERRITIC STEELS; MARTENSITIC STEELS; IRRADIATION; FUSION AB The Cr-W-V-Ta reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels use tungsten and tantalum as substitutes for molybdenum and niobium in the Cr-Mo-V-Nb steels that the reduced-activation steels replaced as candidate materials for fusion applications. Studies were made to determine the effect of W, Ta, and Cr composition on the tensile and Charpy properties of the Cr-W-V-Ta; steels with 5%, 7%, and 9% Cr with 2% or 3% W and 0%, 0.05%, or 0.10% Ta were examined. Boron has a long history of use in steels to improve properties, and the effect of boron was also examined. Regardless of the chromium concentration, the steels with 2%W and 0.05-0.1% Ta generally had a better combination of tensile and Charpy properties than steels with 3% W. Boron had a negative effect on properties for the 5% and 7% Cr steels, but had a positive effect on the 9% Cr steel. When the 5, 7, and 9Cr steels containing 2% W and 0.05% Ta were compared, the tensile and Charpy properties of the 5 and 9Cr steels were better than those of the 7Cr steel, and overall, the properties of the 5Cr steel were better than those of the 9Cr steel. Such information will be useful if the properties of the reduced-activation steels are to be optimized. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klueh, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS 6376, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ku2@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 304 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 152 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00885-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00885-1 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 590NP UT WOS:000177829200007 ER PT J AU Kaminski, MD Goldberg, MM AF Kaminski, MD Goldberg, MM TI Aqueous corrosion of aluminum-based nuclear fuel SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID UO2 FUEL; 90-DEGREES-C AB Some aluminum-based nuclear fuels may eventually be disposed in a federally approved repository. As part of the qualification process, experiments are being conducted on uranium-aluminide (UAllambda) fuels to describe corrosion under conditions that could arise during permanent storage. Under the action of intermittent drips of well water at 90 degreesC, a thin silica-substituted hydrous aluminum oxide gel layer forms over the fuel surface. The exposed fuel oxidizes to produce hydrated aluminum and uranyl oxyhydroxide compounds. In accordance with theory and previous observations with UO2 fuels, the sequence of alteration products progressed from uranium oxides to uranyl oxyhydroxides such as dehydrated schoepite and becquerelite phases although at a rate that was much faster than for UO2 fuels. The release or leaching of uranium from the fuel was 0.97 mg U/m(2)/d at a pH of 8.4 +/- 10.8. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 304 IS 2-3 BP 182 EP 188 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00881-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00881-4 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 590NP UT WOS:000177829200011 ER PT J AU Meyer, MK Hofman, GL Hayes, SL Clark, CR Wiencek, TC Snelgrove, JL Strain, RV Kim, KH AF Meyer, MK Hofman, GL Hayes, SL Clark, CR Wiencek, TC Snelgrove, JL Strain, RV Kim, KH TI Low-temperature irradiation behavior of uranium-molybdenum alloy dispersion fuel SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL COMPATIBILITY; ALUMINUM; POWDERS AB Irradiation tests have been conducted to evaluate the performance of a series of high-density uranium-molybdenum (U-Mo) alloy, aluminum matrix dispersion fuels. Fuel plates incorporating alloys with molybdenum content in the range of 4-10 wt% were tested. Two irradiation test vehicles were used to irradiate low-enrichment fuels to approximately 40 and 70 at.% U-235 burnup in the Advanced Test Reactor at fuel temperatures of approximately 65 degreesC. The fuel particles used to fabricate dispersion specimens for most of the test were produced by generating filings from a cast rod. In general, fuels with molybdenum contents of 6 wt% or more showed stable in-reactor fission gas behavior, exhibiting a distribution of small, stable gas bubbles. Fuel particle swelling was moderate and decreased with increasing alloy content. Fuel particles with a molybdenum content of 4 wt% performed poorly, exhibiting extensive fuel-matrix interaction and the growth of relatively large fission gas bubbles. Fuel particles with 4 or 6 wt% molybdenum reacted more rapidly with the aluminum matrix than those with hi.-her-alloy content. Fuel particles produced by an atomization process were also included in the test to determine the effect of fuel particle morphology and microstructure on fuel performance for the U-10Mo composition. Both of the U-10Mo fuel particle types exhibited good irradiation performance, but showed visible differences in fission gas bubble nucleation and growth behavior. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Yusong Ku, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP Meyer, MK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RI Hayes, Steven/D-8373-2017; OI Hayes, Steven/0000-0002-7583-2069; Meyer, Mitchell/0000-0002-1980-7862 NR 43 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 304 IS 2-3 BP 221 EP 236 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00850-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00850-4 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 590NP UT WOS:000177829200015 ER PT J AU Sickafus, KE Yu, N Nastasi, M AF Sickafus, KE Yu, N Nastasi, M TI Amorphization of MgAl2O4 spinel using 1.5 MeV Xe+ ions under cryogenic irradiation conditions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Letter ID MAGNESIUM ALUMINATE SPINEL; INTERSTITIALCY MODEL; MICROSTRUCTURE; CERAMICS; DAMAGE; TEMPERATURE; NEUTRONS; METALS AB Single crystal thin foils of stoichiometric magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) were irradiated with 1.5 MeV Xe+ ions at 30 K. Structural evolution during irradiation was monitored in situ by transmission electron microscopy and using selected area electron diffraction. A transition to a metastable crystalline phase was observed at an ion dose equivalent to 4 displacements per atom (dpa) at a depth in the thin foil specimen of 50 nm. The spinel was ultimately rendered amorphous at an ion dose equivalent to 35 dpa at 50 nm foil depth. These results are compared to previous observations of amorphization in single crystal spinel by Yu et al. [Philos. Mag. Lett. 70 (1994) 235]. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 304 IS 2-3 BP 237 EP 241 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00901-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00901-7 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 590NP UT WOS:000177829200016 ER PT J AU Sparks, RB Crowe, EA Wong, FC Toohey, RE Siegel, JA AF Sparks, RB Crowe, EA Wong, FC Toohey, RE Siegel, JA TI Radiation dose distributions in normal tissue adjacent to tumors containing I-131 or Y-90: The potential for toxicity SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dosimetry; radioimmunotherapy; tumors; absorbeddose profile; tissue toxicity ID RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; DOSIMETRY; CANCER AB Given the relatively large tumor-absorbed doses reported for patients receiving radionuclide therapy, particularly radioimmunotherapy, and the relatively long pathlength of the nonpenetrating emissions of some radionuclides being used for these therapies, there exists the possibility of large absorbed doses to tissues adjacent to, surrounded by, or surrounding these tumors. Because tumors can occur adjacent to critical organs or tissues, such as arteries, nerves, pericardium, and the walls of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, large absorbed doses to these normal tissues can lead to acute complications. Methods: In this study, the Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNP4b was used to simulate the deposition of energy from emissions of 2 radionuclides of interest, I-131 and Y-90, to assess the possible magnitude of the absorbed doses in tissues adjacent to tumors. Mathematic models were constructed to simulate situations that might occur, such as tumor wrapped around a small cylinder (e.g., a nerve or artery), tumor against a tissue (e.g., the pericardium or wall of any gastrointestinal tract organ), and tumor surrounded by any soft tissue. Tumor masses of 10, 20, and 40 g were used in each model. Depth dose distributions were calculated using Monte Carlo simulations of the radiation transport in these geometric models. Results: For tissues close to tumors containing Y-90, the absorbed dose ranged from 24% of the absorbed dose in the tumor, for the case of tissues 1 mm from the tumor, to 103% of the absorbed dose in the tumor, for the case of small structures such as nerves or arteries surrounded by tumor. For tissues close to tumors containing 1311, the absorbed dose ranged from 4% of the absorbed dose in the tumor, for the case of tissues 1 mm from the tumor, to 46% of the absorbed dose in the tumor, for the case of small structures such as nerves or arteries surrounded by tumor. Conclusion: This study showed that when absorbed doses to tumors are large, the absorbed dose to adjacent tissues can also be large, potentially causing unexpected toxicities. C1 CDE Dosimetry Serv Inc, Knoxville, TN 37931 USA. MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Nucl Med, Houston, TX USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Nucl Phys Enterprises, Cherry Hill, NJ USA. RP Sparks, RB (reprint author), CDE Dosimetry Serv Inc, 7108 Wright Rd, Knoxville, TN 37931 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1110 EP 1114 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 582LH UT WOS:000177352100024 PM 12163638 ER PT J AU Brown, S Bierman, P Lini, A Davis, PT Southon, J AF Brown, S Bierman, P Lini, A Davis, PT Southon, J TI Reconstructing lake and drainage basin history using terrestrial sediment layers: analysis of cores from a post-glacial lake in New England, USA SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE event sedimentation; Holocene; radiocarbon-based chronology; storms; watershed erosion ID LATE-QUATERNARY HISTORY; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; PALEOCLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS; ELEVATION VEGETATION; CHARCOAL ANALYSIS; WHITE MOUNTAINS; C-14 DATA; RECORD; EVENTS; CHRONOLOGIES AB Four sediment cores and twenty-five C-14 ages from Ritterbush Pond in northern Vermont provide a detailed and continuous temporal record of Holocene lake and watershed dynamics. Using visual logs, carbon content, magnetic susceptibility, stable isotope signatures, and X-radiography, all measured at 1-cm scale, we identify and date discrete layers of terrestrially-derived sediment in the organic-rich, lacustrine gyttja. These inorganic layers range in thickness from, <1 mm to >10 cm and range in grain size and sorting from homogeneous silt to graded sand. AMS radiocarbon ages both from macrofossils within the thickest layers, and gyttja bracketing these layers, provide the basis for correlation among the cores, the dating of 52 basin-wide sedimentation events, and the development of a detailed sedimentation chronology for the Holocene. Physical, chemical, and isotopic analyses suggest the inorganic layers are terrestrially derived and result from hydrologic events large enough to erode and transport sediment from the watershed into the pond. The temporal and spatial distribution of the inorganic layers suggests changing basin-wide sedimentation and thus erosion dynamics since deglaciation over 12,000 years ago. Specifically, for intervals lasting 400 to 1000 years, during the early (>8600 cal yBP), middle (6400 to 6800 cal yBP) and late Holocene (1800 to 2600 cal yBP), the Ritterbush Pond watershed eroded more rapidly than at other times and terrestrially derived material poured into the pond. Analysis of Ritterbush Pond sediments demonstrates the potential for North American lakes to preserve a record of drainage basin dynamics. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Bentley Coll, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brown, S (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. OI Lini, Andrea/0000-0002-2920-570X NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1023/A:1021623020656 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 621WW UT WOS:000179614800004 ER PT J AU Blishchenko, E Sazonova, O Surovoy, A Khaidukov, S Sheikine, Y Sokolov, D Freidlin, I Philippova, M Vass, A Karelin, A Ivanov, V AF Blishchenko, E Sazonova, O Surovoy, A Khaidukov, S Sheikine, Y Sokolov, D Freidlin, I Philippova, M Vass, A Karelin, A Ivanov, V TI Antiproliferative action of valorphin in cell cultures SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE valorphin; tumour cells; antiproliferative effect; cell cycle arrest; reversibility; resistance ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; TRIPEPTIDE PYROGLU-PHE-GLYNH(2); INHIBITING TRIPEPTIDE; OPIOID PEPTIDE; LINE ECV304; BETA-CHAIN; RAT-BRAIN; IN-VITRO; HEMOGLOBIN; GROWTH AB The antiproliferative effects of the haemoglobin beta chain fragment (33-39) (valorphin or VV haemorphin 5) were studied in a panel of tumour cell lines and normal cells of different origin using various methods of activity determination (trypan blue inclusion test sulphorhodamine B staining MIT staining flow cytometry and clonogenic test) Valorphin suppressed the proliferation of tumour cells by 25%-95% depending on the cell line The maximal valorphin activity was detected in transformed cells of fibroblastic (1,929) and epithelial (MCF 7) origin transformed haematopoietic cells (K5b2 HL 60) being less sensitive In normal cells valorphin activity was several fold lower (10%-15%) A study of the dynamics of cell proliferation in L929 cells using a visual cell count and flow cytometry showed that valorphin induced reversible and relatively short (24 h) S phase arrest of cell proliferation accompanied by irreversible increase of cell size The proliferation delay was followed by a comparatively long period of reversible resistance of the cells to the peptide (96 h) when the cells are dividing at normal rate The same dynamics were demonstrated for A549 MCF 7 and primary murine breast carcinoma cells On the basis of the data obtained a pattern of regulation of cell growth by valorphin is suggested Copyright (C) 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley Sons Ltd. C1 Inst Bioorgan & Chem, Moscow 117997, Russia. Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sazonova, O (reprint author), Inst Bioorgan & Chem, V 437 GSP, Moscow 117997, Russia. RI Sokolov, Dmitriy/E-9050-2014; Freidlin, Irina/J-5957-2014 OI Sokolov, Dmitriy/0000-0002-5749-2531; Freidlin, Irina/0000-0001-6637-3481 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 8 BP 438 EP 452 DI 10.1002/psc.402 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 588LW UT WOS:000177703800006 PM 12212807 ER PT J AU Szczepanski, J Banisaukas, J Vala, M Hirata, S Wiley, WR AF Szczepanski, J Banisaukas, J Vala, M Hirata, S Wiley, WR TI Preresonance Raman spectrum of the C13H9 fluorene-like radical SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS; INFRARED-EMISSION BANDS; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; CATIONS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; MATRIX AB The neutral open-shell species C13H9 formed from fluorene, C13H10, by low-energy electron bombardment and by ultraviolet photolysis in an argon matrix at 12 K has been studied via preresonance Raman, infrared, and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) of the CH bond energies of neutral fluorene showed that the most probable position for the hydrogen loss is the sp(3) carbon in the five-membered ring. Calculations of the C13H9 harmonic vibrational frequencies are shown to match the experimental Raman (and infrared) bands well. A new electronic transition is identified at 283.1 nm (4.38 eV). Its position agrees with earlier time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Oscillator strengths for this transition and three others are estimated. The electronic transitions in the dehydrogenated species, C13H9, are strongly red-shifted compared to fluorene. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Chem Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vala, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 30 BP 6935 EP 6940 DI 10.1021/jp020827a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 578EP UT WOS:000177104700004 ER PT J AU Kettler, M Nezbeda, I Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT AF Kettler, M Nezbeda, I Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT TI Effect of the range of interactions on the properties of fluids. Phase equilibria in pure carbon dioxide, acetone, methanol, and water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; VAPOR-LIQUID; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR-MODEL; HARD-SPHERES; SYSTEMS; FORCES; EQUATION AB The effect of the long-range Coulombic interactions on the vapor-liquid equilibria properties of polar and associating fluids has been investigated, by considering typical representatives of these classes of fluids, namely, carbon dioxide, acetone, methanol, and water, defined by realistic intermolecular pair potential models. Using the same decomposition of realistic potential models into a short-range part and,a residual part as in previous papers [Kolafa, J.; Nezbeda, I. Mol. Phys. 2000, 98, 1505 - 1520. Kolafa, J.; Nezbeda, I.; Lisal, M. Mol. Phys. 2001, 99, 1751-1764], we carried out Gibbs ensemble simulations on both the full and short-range models to determine the thermodynamic properties of the considered compounds along the vapor-liquid coexistence curve. In addition, we also considered methanol in two homogeneous phases, liquid and supercritical, to determine its structure and thermodynamic properties. We have found that the long-range interactions affect all considered properties only marginally and that the short-range system provides a reasonably accurate and reliable zeroth-order approximation. A simple theoretical analysis has also been made to explain and estimate the effect of the long-range interactions on the thermodynamic properties both in the homogeneous phase and at phase equilibrium. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Thermodynam & Thermal Proc Engn, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, High Temp Aqueous Chem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn Chem & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Nezbeda, I (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Nezbeda, Ivo/F-6073-2014; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 35 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 30 BP 7537 EP 7546 DI 10.1021/jp020139r PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 578EQ UT WOS:000177104800020 ER PT J AU Restrepo, JM Leaf, GK AF Restrepo, JM Leaf, GK TI Noise effects on wave-generated transport induced by ideal waves SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MODEL; OCEAN AB The authors consider the transport velocity in boundary layer flows driven by either noisy monochromatic progressive or standing waves. The central issue addressed here is whether such flows are capable of sustaining a transport velocity when noise is present in the wave field and, if so, in what ways the noise affects the transport velocity, the mean wall shear stress, and the total mass flux. Specifically, the effect of noise due to unresolved processes is addressed. The study is motivated by the fact that in the natural setting it is the norm rather than the exception that noise is present in the wave field. The authors find that when noise is added to standing waves, the transport in the boundary layer leads to a nonzero mass flux. On the other hand, noise due to progressive waves reduces the mass flux. Further, the drift velocity will have two components: a deterministic one and a diffusive one. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Program Appl Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL USA. RP Restrepo, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Program Appl Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Restrepo, Juan/0000-0003-2609-2882 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 32 IS 8 BP 2334 EP 2349 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<2334:NEOWGT>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 581ZH UT WOS:000177324900007 ER PT J AU Gorenstein, MI Kostyuk, AP McLerrran, L Stocker, H Greiner, W AF Gorenstein, MI Kostyuk, AP McLerrran, L Stocker, H Greiner, W TI Open and hidden charm production in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLUS PB COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PARTICLE MULTIPLICITIES; STATISTICAL PRODUCTION; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; COLOR DECONFINEMENT; J/PSI PRODUCTION; 158A GEV/C; CONSERVATION AB We consider the production of the open charm and J/psi mesons in heavy-ion collisions at BNL RHIC. We discuss several recently developed pictures for J/psi. production and argue that a measurement at RHIC energies is crucial for disentangling these different descriptions. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11979 USA. RP Gorenstein, MI (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Robert Mayer Str 8, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 28 IS 8 BP 2151 EP 2167 AR PII S0954-3899(02)31361-6 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/28/8/302 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 592AB UT WOS:000177913600005 ER PT J AU Dai, PS Cebe, P Capel, M AF Dai, PS Cebe, P Capel, M TI Thermal analysis and X-ray scattering study of metallocene isotactic polypropylene prepared by partial melting SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma-crystallographic phase; metallocene isotactic polypropylene; partial melting; SAXS; thermal treatment; WAXS ID GAMMA-PHASE; ALPHA-PHASE; SELF-NUCLEATION; MORPHOLOGY; POLY(PROPYLENE); BEHAVIOR; RECRYSTALLIZATION; POLYMERS; CHAINS; FORM AB In this study, we examine the effects of heating, nucleation, cooling, and reheating on the thermal properties and structure of metallocene isotactic polypropylene (m-iPP) that had been prepared initially in a standard state containing nearly equal amounts of the crystallographic alpha and gamma phases. Heat treatment was achieved through partial melting and annealing by the heating of samples to self-nucleation temperatures (T-n's) that spanned and exceeded the entire range of melting of the standard state, from 122 to 160degreesC. The relative amounts of alpha and gamma crystals are determined from the area under the unique wide-angle X-ray reflections. The lower and upper endotherms are caused by the melting of gamma and alpha crystals, respectively. Four distinct regions of T-n were identified on the basis of the thermal and structural parameters of m-iPP. In region I, T-n is below the peak melting temperature of the gamma phase. Here, gamma crystals are annealed and alpha crystals are barely affected by T-n. In region II, T-n is above the peak of the lower endotherm but below the peak of the upper endotherm. gamma crystals melt, and alpha crystals anneal. In both regions I and II, the portion of the sample melted at T-n recrystallizes epitaxially with existing parent alpha lamellae as the substrates, and the amount of alpha always exceeds the amount of gamma. In region III, T-n is above the peak of the upper endotherm, and all gamma crystals and some or all alpha crystals are melted at T-n. The number of alpha-crystal nuclei steadily decreases as T-n increases, causing systematic depression of the crystallization and melting temperatures seen during cooling. Finally, in region IV, T-n exceeds the upper endotherm, and only small self-nuclei or heterogeneous nuclei remain. Recrystallization is now suppressed to lower temperatures. For regions III and IV, a crossover behavior in the relative amounts of alpha and gamma is observed during cooling from T-n. Because of the effective nucleating ability of alpha toward gamma, as the temperature drops, the amount of gamma increases and then exceeds the amount of alpha. With subsequent reheating, the reverse crossover occurs because of the lower melting point of gamma. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cebe, P (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 15 BP 1644 EP 1660 DI 10.1002/polb.10220 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 572KR UT WOS:000176773900009 ER PT J AU Baraniak, L Bernhard, G Nitsche, H AF Baraniak, L Bernhard, G Nitsche, H TI Influence of hydrothermal wood degradation products on the uranium adsorption onto metamorphic rocks and sediments SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The influence of highly functionalized saccharic and phenolic polymers that are formed in the process of hydrothermal wood degradation on the uranium(VI) adsorption onto metamorphic rocks and sediments from the Saxon uranium mining sites Schlema-Alberoda and Konigstein was investigated in a laboratory study. Uranium(VI) adsorption from a simulated mine water takes place on the majority of rocks and sediments such as granite, gneiss, basalt, sandstone and clay marl. Exceptions are phyllite and clay stone that do not bind any uranium from the mine water. Polymeric wood degradation products such as fragments of celluloses and lignin increase the uranium(VI) adsorption whereas the presence of saccharic and phenolic monomers (vanillic acid and gluconic acid) leads to a lower adsorption. C1 Forschungszentrum Rossendorf eV, Inst Radiochem, Rossendorf, Austria. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seabourg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baraniak, L (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Rossendorf eV, Inst Radiochem, Rossendorf, Austria. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 253 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1023/A:1019657503952 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 581MF UT WOS:000177295600001 ER PT J AU Gawlik, KM Kutscher, CF AF Gawlik, KM Kutscher, CF TI Wind heat loss from corrugated, transpired solar collectors SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Heat transfer from a perforated, sinusoidal plate with suction to air flowing over the plate, perpendicular to the corrugations, has been studied numerically and experimentally. This study used a numerical model, validated by wind tunnel tests and hot wire anemometer/resistance thermometer measurements, to determine the heat loss to the air stream over the plate as a function of wind speed, suction velocity, and plate geometry. Both attached and separated flow regimes were observed, and the criterion for flow attachment was determined to be Re(V0,p)greater than or equal to6.93 Re-Uinfinity,A(0.5). Correlations were developedfor heat transfer to the air stream for each flow regime. For attached flow, the heat transfer can be represented as Nu(att) = NUflat{1+0.8](A/P)(0.5)}. For separated flow, the following correlation applies: Nu(sep) = 2.05(A/P)Re-1.40(1.63). C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gawlik, KM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD AUG PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1115/1.1487886 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 586QZ UT WOS:000177597100009 ER PT J AU Oldehoeft, R AF Oldehoeft, R TI Introduction to software for high-performance systems - Papers from the Symposium of the Los Alamos Computer Science Institute SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oldehoeft, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, MS B287, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 DI 10.1023/A:1015760517541 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 558CF UT WOS:000175947100001 ER PT J AU Cummings, J Aivazis, M Samtaney, R Radovitzky, R Mauch, S Meiron, D AF Cummings, J Aivazis, M Samtaney, R Radovitzky, R Mauch, S Meiron, D TI A virtual test facility for the simulation of dynamic response in materials SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium of the Los Alamos-Computer-Science-Institute CY OCT 15-18, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO SP Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst DE parallel computing; shock physics simulation AB The Center for Simulating Dynamic Response of Materials at the California Institute of Technology is constructing a virtual shock physics facility for studying the response of various target materials to very strong shocks. The Virtual Test Facility (VTF) is an end-to-end, fully three-dimensional simulation of the detonation of high explosives (HE), shock wave propagation, solid material response to pressure loading, and compressible turbulence. The VTF largely consists of a parallel fluid solver and a parallel solid mechanics package that are coupled together by the exchange of boundary data. The Eulerian fluid code and Lagrangian solid mechanics model interact via a novel approach based on level sets. The two main computational packages are integrated through the use of Pyre, a problem solving environment written in the Python scripting language. Pyre allows application developers to interchange various computational models and solver packages without recompiling code, and it provides standardized access to several data visualization engines and data input mechanisms. In this paper, we outline the main components of the VTF, discuss their integration via Pyre, and describe some recent accomplishments in large-scale simulation using the VTF. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cummings, J (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Radovitzky, Raul/A-5353-2009 OI Radovitzky, Raul/0000-0001-6339-2708 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1023/A:1015733102520 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 558CF UT WOS:000175947100004 ER PT J AU Feng, AC Kapadia, AC Feng, WC Belford, GG AF Feng, AC Kapadia, AC Feng, WC Belford, GG TI Packet spacing: An enabling mechanism for delivering multimedia content in computational grids SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium of the Los Alamos-Computer-Science-Institute CY OCT 15-18, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO SP Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst DE network protocol; multimedia; packet spacing; streaming; TCP; UDP; rate-adjusting congestion control; computational grid; Access Grid AB Streaming multimedia with UDP has become increasingly popular over distributed systems like the Internet. Scientific applications that stream multimedia include remote computational steering of visualization data and video-on-demand teleconferencing over the Access Grid. However, UDP does not possess a self-regulating, congestion-control mechanism; and most best-effort traffic is served by congestion-controlled TCP. Consequently, UDP steals bandwidth from TCP such that TCP flows starve for network resources. With the volume of Internet traffic continuing to increase, the perpetuation of UDP-based streaming will cause the Internet to collapse as it did in the mid-1980's due to the use of non-congestion-controlled TCP. To address this problem, we introduce the counter-intuitive notion of inter-packet spacing with control feedback to enable UDP-based applications to perform well in the next-generation Internet and computational grids. When compared with traditional UDP-based streaming, we illustrate that our approach can reduce packet loss over 50% without adversely affecting delivered throughput. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Feng, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 51 EP 66 DI 10.1023/A:1015785119358 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 558CF UT WOS:000175947100005 ER PT J AU Feng, WC Gardner, MK Hay, JR AF Feng, WC Gardner, MK Hay, JR TI The MAGNeT toolkit: Design, implementation and evaluation SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium of the Los Alamos-Computer-Science-Institute CY OCT 15-18, 2001 CL SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO SP Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst DE monitor; measurement; network protocol; traffic characterization; TCP; MAGNeT; traces; application-generated traffic; virtual supercomputing; network-aware applications; computational grids; high-performance computing AB The current trend in constructing high-performance computing systems is to connect a large number of machines via a fast interconnect or a large-scale network such as the Internet. This approach relies on the performance of the interconnect (or Internet) to enable fast, large-scale distributed computing. A detailed understanding of the communication traffic is required in order to optimize the operation of the entire system. Network researchers traditionally monitor traffic in the network to gain the insight necessary to optimize network operations. Recent work suggests additional insight can be obtained by also monitoring traffic at the application level. The Monitor for Application-Generated Network Traffic toolkit (MAGNeT) we describe here monitors application traffic patterns in production systems, thus enabling more highly optimized networks and interconnects for the next generation of high-performance computing systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Feng, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1023/A:1015737203428 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 558CF UT WOS:000175947100006 ER PT J AU Chambers, DH AF Chambers, DH TI Analysis of the time-reversal operator for scatterers of finite size SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MIRRORS AB Recently, it was shown that the time-reversal operator for a single, small spherical scatterer could have up to four distinguishable eigenstates [Chambers and Gautesen, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 2616-2624 (2001)]. In this paper, that analysis is generalized for scatterers of arbitrary shape and larger size. It is shown that the time-reversal operator may have an indefinitely large number of distinguishable eigenstates, with the exact number depending on the nature of the scatterer and the geometry of the time-reversal mirror. In addition, the case of a multiple number of well-separated scatterers is investigated, with the result that the total spectrum is the direct combination of the eigenstates associated with each scatterer. As an example, the singular value spectrum of the time-reversal operator for a linear array is calculated explicitly for bubbles and hard rubber spheres of finite size. Both resonance peaks and apparent crossing points can be observed in the spectrum as the size of the scatterer increases. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chambers, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-154, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1121/1.1490362 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 582JK UT WOS:000177346900006 PM 12186021 ER PT J AU Geller, DA Swift, GW AF Geller, DA Swift, GW TI Thermodynamic efficiency of thermoacoustic mixture separation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION AB The acoustic power loss in the thermoacoustic mixture-separation process is derived, including the contributions due to a nonzero gradient in concentration. The significance of the gradient-dependent term is discussed. The limiting thermodynamic efficiency of the separation is calculated. Under reasonable circumstances, the efficiency approaches 10(-2)n(H)n(L)(Deltam/m(avg))(2), where n(H) and n(L) are the mole fractions of the two components of the mixture, and Deltam/m(avg) is the fractional difference between the molar masses of the two components. This efficiency is of the same order of magnitude as that of some other, more conventional separation methods. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Geller, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 112 IS 2 BP 504 EP 510 DI 10.1121/1.1494446 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 582JK UT WOS:000177346900016 PM 12186031 ER PT J AU Bustard, CJ Durham, M Lindsey, C Starns, T Baldrey, K Martin, C Schlager, R Sjostrom, S Slye, R Renninger, S Monroe, L Miller, R Chang, R AF Bustard, CJ Durham, M Lindsey, C Starns, T Baldrey, K Martin, C Schlager, R Sjostrom, S Slye, R Renninger, S Monroe, L Miller, R Chang, R TI Full-scale evaluation of mercury control with sorbent injection and COHPAC at Alabama Power EC Gaston SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Mercury Emissions CY AUG 21-23, 2001 CL ARLINGTON HTS, ILLINOIS SP Air & Waste Management Assoc AB The overall objective of this project was to determine the cost and impacts of leg control using sorbent injection into a Compact Hybrid Particulate Collector (COHPAC) at Alabama Power's Gaston Unit 3. This test is part of a program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to obtain the necessary information to assess the costs of controlling Hg from coal-fired utility plants that do not have scrubbers for SO2 control. The economics will be developed based on various levels of Hg control. Gaston Unit 3 was chosen for testing because COHPAC represents a cost-effective retrofit option for utilities with existing electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). COHPAC is an EPRI-patented concept that places a high air-to-cloth ratio baghouse downstream of an existing ESP to improve overall particulate collection efficiency. Activated carbons were injected upstream of COHPAC and downstream of the ESP to obtain performance and operational data. Results were very encouraging, with up to 90% removal of Hg for short operating periods using powdered activated carbon (PAC). During the long-term tests, an average Hg removal efficiency of 78% was measured. The PAC injection rate for the long-term tests was chosen to maintain COHPAC cleaning frequency at less than 1.5 pulses/bag/hr. C1 LLC, ADA ES, Littleton, CO 80120 USA. Apogee Sci, Pollut Control Technol Dev, Englewood, CO 80110 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Southern Co, Birmingham, AL 35203 USA. Hamon Res Cottrell Inc, Walnutport, PA 18088 USA. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94393 USA. RP Bustard, CJ (reprint author), LLC, ADA ES, 8100 S Pk Way,B-2, Littleton, CO 80120 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 52 IS 8 BP 918 EP 926 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 581VD UT WOS:000177313800005 PM 12184690 ER PT J AU Su, YF Torzilli, MA Meyer, JD Rawn, CJ Lance, MJ Ruppi, S Lee, WY AF Su, YF Torzilli, MA Meyer, JD Rawn, CJ Lance, MJ Ruppi, S Lee, WY TI Effects of an electroplated platinum interlayer on the morphology and phases of chemically-vapor-deposited alumina on single-crystal, nickel-based superalloy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COATINGS; KAPPA-AL2O3; AL2O3; FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALPHA-AL2O3; SUBSTRATE; SURFACE AB The feasibility of preparing a thin layer of alpha-Al2O3 on the surface of a single-crystal, Ni-based superalloy was examined using a chloride-based chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process previously developed for cutting tool applications. A coating directly deposited by this method on the alloy surface consisted of similar to1 mum alpha-Al2O3 crystals in a matrix of amorphous Al2O3. When the alloy surface was predeposited with an electroplated Pt layer, the coating was mostly alpha-Al2O3, but with the presence of fine microcracks on the coating surface. In comparison to the results observed for pure Pt substrate, the role of the Pt interlayer was apparently to promote the rapid formation of kappa-Al2O3 nuclei, which subsequently transformed to alpha-Al2O3 during the CVD growth process. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SECO Tools AB, S-73782 Fagersta, Sweden. RP Su, YF (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RI Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016 OI Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 85 IS 8 BP 2089 EP 2096 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 582RQ UT WOS:000177365300031 ER PT J AU Pasa-Tolic, L Harkewicz, R Anderson, GA Tolic, N Shen, YF Zhao, R Thrall, B Masselon, C Smith, RD AF Pasa-Tolic, L Harkewicz, R Anderson, GA Tolic, N Shen, YF Zhao, R Thrall, B Masselon, C Smith, RD TI Increased proteome coverage for quantitative peptide abundance measurements based upon high performance separations and DREAMS FTICR mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DYNAMIC-RANGE EXPANSION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; AFFINITY TAGS; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ELECTROPHORESIS; QUADRUPOLE; YEAST AB A primary challenge in proteome measurements is to be able to detect, identify, and quantify the extremely complex mixtures of proteins. The relative abundances of interest span at least six orders of magnitude for mammalian proteomes, and this constitutes an intractable challenge for high throughput proteome studies. We have recently described a new approach, Dynamic Range Enhancement Applied to Mass Spectrometry (DREAMS), which is based upon the selective ejection of the most abundant species to expand the dynamic range of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonanace (FTICR) measurements. The basis of our approach is on-the-fly data-dependent selective ejection of highly abundant species, followed by prolonged accumulation of remaining low-abundance species in a quadrupole external to the FTICR ion trap. Here we report the initial implementation of this approach with high efficiency capillary reverse phase LC separations and high magnetic field electrospray ionization FTICR mass spectrometry for obtaining enhanced coverage in quantitative measurements for mammalian proteomes. We describe the analysis of a sample derived from a tryptic digest of proteins from mouse B16 cells cultured in both natural isotopic abundance and N-15-labeled media. The FTICR mass spectrometric analysis allows the assignment of peptide pairs (corresponding to the two distinctive versions of each peptide), and thus provides the basis for quantiative measurements when one of the two proteomes in the mixture is perturbed or altered in some fashion. We show that implementation of the DREAMS approach allows assignment of approximately 80% more peptide pairs, thus providing quantitative information for approximately 18,000 peptide pairs in a single analysis. (C) 2002 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, MSIN,K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Masselon, Christophe/A-2340-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA86340] NR 41 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 8 BP 954 EP 963 AR PII S1044-0305(02)00409-9 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(02)00409-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 588ME UT WOS:000177704600008 PM 12216736 ER PT J AU Schroeder, CB Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Arthur, J Emma, P AF Schroeder, CB Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Arthur, J Emma, P TI Chirped-beam two-stage free-electron laser for high-power femtosecond x-ray pulse generation SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED-SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; SASE-FEL; RADIATION; VUV AB A method for generating femtosecond-duration x-ray pulses with a free-electron laser is presented. This method uses an energy-chirped electron beam propagating through an undulator to produce a frequency-chirped x-ray pulse by self-amplified spontaneous emission. A short temporal pulse is created by use of a monochromator to select a narrow radiation bandwidth. A second undulator is used to amplify the short-duration radiation. The radiation characteristics produced by a chirped-beam two-stage free-electron laser are calculated, and the performance of the chirped-beam two-stage option for the Linac Coherent Light Source is considered. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Schroeder, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1782 EP 1789 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.001782 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 583VB UT WOS:000177430100007 ER PT J AU Smith, AV Armstrong, DJ AF Smith, AV Armstrong, DJ TI Nanosecond optical parametric oscillator with 90 degrees image rotation: design and performance SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR REFRACTION; BEAM; PHASE; CRYSTALS; DISPERSION; DIVERGENCE; BANDWIDTH; FREQUENCY; SOLIDS AB According to numerical models of nanosecond optical parametric oscillators, cavities with 90degrees image rotation can produce high-quality beams even if the Fresnel number of the cavity is large. We review the properties of such image-rotating cavities and present a method for designing them. The laboratory performance of one promising design is characterized, demonstrating its ability to produce high-quality beams with good efficiency. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1801 EP 1814 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.001801 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 583VB UT WOS:000177430100010 ER PT J AU Goff, F Janik, CJ AF Goff, F Janik, CJ TI Gas geochemistry of the Valles caldera region, New Mexico and comparisons with gases at Yellowstone, Long Valley and other geothermal systems SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gas geochemistry; volcanism; geothermal energy; geothermal wells; Valles caldera; Baca geothermal system ID HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; SULFUR-SPRINGS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; JEMEZ MOUNTAINS; HELIUM ISOTOPE; DIXIE-VALLEY; MANTLE PLUME; NOBLE-GASES; NEW-ZEALAND; FLUIDS AB Noncondensible gases from hot springs, fumaroles, and deep wells within the Valles caldera geothermal system (210-300degreesC) consist of roughly 98.5 mol% CO2, 0.5 mol% H2S, and I mol% other components. He-3/He-4 ratios indicate a deep magmatic source (R/R-a up to 6) whereas delta(13)C-CO2 values (-3 to -5parts per thousand) do not discriminate between a mantle/magmatic source and a source from subjacent, hydrothermally altered Paleozoic carbonate rocks. Regional gases from sites within a 50-km radius beyond Valles caldera are relatively enriched in CO2 and He, but depleted in H2S compared to Valles gases. Regional gases have R/R-a values less than or equal to 1.2 due to more interaction with the crust and/or less contribution from the mantle. Carbon sources for regional CO2 are varied. During 1982-1998, repeat analyses of gases from intracaldera sites at Sulphur Springs showed relatively constant CH4, H-2, and H2S contents. The only exception was gas from Footbath Spring (1987-1993), which experienced increases in these three components during drilling and testing of scientific wells VC-2a and VC-2b. Present-day Valles gases contain substantially less N-2 than fluid inclusion gases trapped in deep, early-stage, post-caldera vein minerals. This suggests that the long-lived Valles hydrothermal system (ca. I Myr) has depleted subsurface Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of nitrogen. When compared with gases from many other geothermal systems, Valles caldera gases are relatively enriched in He but depleted in CH4, N-2 and Ar. In this respect, Valles gases resemble end-member hydrothermal and magmatic gases discharged at hot spots (Galapagos, Kilauea, and Yellowstone). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Goff, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 99 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 323 AR PII S0377-0273(02)00222-6 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00222-6 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 581TB UT WOS:000177308000007 ER PT J AU Garrett, WR Haglund, RF Ermer, DR Deng, L Payne, MG AF Garrett, WR Haglund, RF Ermer, DR Deng, L Payne, MG TI Four-wave-mixing phenomena associated with 700-fs-pumped potassium vapor SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; INTERFERENCE; IONIZATION; RESONANCE AB We examine four-wave-mixing effects associated with three-photon pumping of potassium 4S(1/2) ground state to a coherent superposition of 4P(1/2) and 4P(3/2) states by 0.7 ps pulses from a free-electron laser source at 2.3 mum. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, WM Keck Fdn Free Electron Laser Ctr, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Garrett, WR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1155 EP 1160 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 590JU UT WOS:000177820400012 ER PT J AU VerBerkmoes, NC Hettich, RL Bruce, BD Nguyen, R Savage, TL AF VerBerkmoes, NC Hettich, RL Bruce, BD Nguyen, R Savage, TL TI One- and two-dimensional LC/MS/MS analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana proteome SO LC GC NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Proteome analysis requires robust separations and rapid protein identification. Currently, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is the gold standard. Recently there has been much interest in developing non-gel-based separation techniques for proteome analysis. This application note compares a 1-D and a 2-D HPLC separation coupled to MS for proteome analysis and finds that the 2-D method identifies 30% more proteins. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Grace Vydac, Hesperia, CA 92345 USA. RP VerBerkmoes, NC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 1527-5949 J9 LC GC N AM JI LC GC N. AM. PD AUG PY 2002 SU S BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 590GP UT WOS:000177811200002 ER PT J AU Cady, A Pindak, R Caliebe, W Barois, P Weissflog, W Nguyen, HT Huang, CC AF Cady, A Pindak, R Caliebe, W Barois, P Weissflog, W Nguyen, HT Huang, CC TI Resonant X-ray scattering studies of the B2 phase formed by bent-core molecules SO LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID SMECTIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; BANANA-SHAPED COMPOUNDS; ACHIRAL MOLECULES AB We have performed resonant X-ray scattering on two bent-core liquid crystal compounds exhibiting the B2 phase using three sample geometries: free-standing film and two others with free surface arrangements. The results conclusively demonstrate the two-layer orientational periodicity in this phase suggested by optical studies. We have performed the first resonant scattering experiments on liquid crystals at the chlorine K-edge, opening up a new class of compounds for resonant X-ray scattering studies. Furthermore, we have achieved an excellent alignment of the B2 phase with a free surface. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Phys Chem, D-06108 Halle Saale, Germany. RP Cady, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-8292 J9 LIQ CRYST JI Liq. Cryst. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1101 EP 1104 DI 10.1080/02678290210156704 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 585PA UT WOS:000177532400016 ER PT J AU Brandell, D Klintenberg, M Aabloo, A Thomas, JO AF Brandell, D Klintenberg, M Aabloo, A Thomas, JO TI Optical absorption spectra from rare-earth ions in polymers: The effect of the polymer host SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecule Metal Complexes (MMC-9) CY AUG 19-23, 2001 CL UNIV BROOKLYN, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK HO UNIV BROOKLYN ID POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) AB A Molecular Dynamics (MD) based modified Judd/Ofelt approach has been used to simulate UV-VIS absorption spectra for different concentrations of Er(CF3SO3)(3) (erbium triflate) in the amorphous polymer host poly(ethylene oxide), PEO. The simulations have been performed for systems containing both single-chain PEO and PEO with an attached side-chain. Effects on the optical properties of the introduction of side-chains are demonstrated. Qualitative inspection of the calculated spectra would suggest that similarities in the crystal field experienced by individual Er ions in qualitatively different local environments will make structural information difficult to access from this procedure. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Chem Mat, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tartu, Ctr Technol, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia. RP Brandell, D (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Chem Mat, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Aabloo, Alvo/C-5639-2011; Aabloo, Alvo/G-9396-2015 OI Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282; Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 186 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1002/1521-3900(200208)186:1<51::AID-MASY51>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 591NG UT WOS:000177886400009 ER PT J AU Behrouzian, B Hodgson, D Savile, CK Dawson, B Buist, PH Shanklin, J AF Behrouzian, B Hodgson, D Savile, CK Dawson, B Buist, PH Shanklin, J TI Use of F-19 NMR spectroscopy to probe enzymatic oxidation of fluorine-tagged sulfides SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NMR; F-19 NMR; substituent effects; oxidation; desaturase; sulfoxide; sulfone; sulfide ID DELTA(9) DESATURASE; FATTY-ACIDS; PROTEINS AB A novel F-19 NMR-based method for monitoring the enzymatic oxidation of thia fatty acid analogues is presented. Our approach is based on the observation that methyl omega-monofluorinated 9-thia- and 10-thiaoctadecanoates and their S-oxide and S-dioxide derivatives are easily distinguishable via their H-1-decoupled F-19 spectra. These long-range substituent effects were used to probe the regio- and chemoselectivity of stearoyl ACP (acyl carrier protein) Delta(9) desaturase-mediated sulfoxidation. The results clearly demonstrate that mono-oxygenation of a 10-thia analogue ACP Delta(9) desaturase was more efficient than that of a 9-thia substrate. A product previously undetected by TLC was observed for the first time in the product mixture obtained from 18-fluoro-9-thiaoctadecanoyl-ACP. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Hlth Canada, Ctr Biol Res, Biol & Genet Therapies Directorate, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Buist, PH (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM pbuist@ccs.carleton.ca NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 524 EP 528 DI 10.1002/mrc.1052 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 577XZ UT WOS:000177089500003 ER PT J AU Springer, CS AF Springer, CS TI The effects of equilibrium transcytolemmal water exchange on the determination of contrast reagent concentration in vivo (vol 47, pg 422, 2002) SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Correction C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Springer, CS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Springer, Charles/0000-0002-5966-2135 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 BP 410 EP 410 DI 10.1002/mrm.10236 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 577UK UT WOS:000177080300027 ER PT J AU Guarnieri, MH Cacheiro, NL Rudofsky, UH Montgomery, JC Collins, DN Flaherty, LA AF Guarnieri, MH Cacheiro, NL Rudofsky, UH Montgomery, JC Collins, DN Flaherty, LA TI A chromosomal translocation causing multiple abnormalities including open eyelids at birth and glomerulonephritis SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; MICE; GENE; MOUSE; REARRANGEMENTS; CHLORAMBUCIL; IDENTIFICATION; DEFECT; CELLS; EYE AB We have characterized the phenotype of a mouse with a t(2:13) reciprocal translocation induced by chlorambucil. It results in abnormal eyelid formation as well as a series of neurological, physiological, and immunological abnormalities. This mutant has been termed T(2;13)1Fla/+. T(2;13)1Fla/+ mice exhibit open eyelids at birth. a dilute coat color, hyperactivity. and occasional circling and stargazing activity, At 1-6 months, T(2;13)1Fla/+ mice show signs of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and die prematurely. Additionally, double-stranded DNA autoantibodies have been found in sera of T(2;13)1Fla/+ mice. Cytogenetic analysis situated the translocation breakpoint at the proximal end of Chromosome (chr) 2 at band A2, and on Chr 13 at band A4. The mutant phenotype completely correlated with the presence of the translocation. Additional genetic studies have mapped the mutation and translocation breakpoint to Chr 13 between D13Mit16 and D13Mit64, and to Chr 2 proximal to D2Mit5. By fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), the position of this mutation translocation on Chr 13 has been mapped to a region less than 1cM from D13Mit61. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Genom Inst, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Biomed Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Div Mol Med, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Kimmel Canc Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Albany Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Albany, NY 12208 USA. RP Flaherty, LA (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Genom Inst, POB 22002, Albany, NY 12201 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK52822]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM50283]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50CCU213244] NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 8 BP 416 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s00335-002-2161-z PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 577TR UT WOS:000177078400003 PM 12226706 ER PT J AU Esser, BK Volpe, AM AF Esser, BK Volpe, AM TI At-sea high-resolution chemical mapping: extreme barium depletion in North Pacific surface water SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE barium; strontium; biological production; nutrient cycles; plankton; analytical techniques; Mexico/Baja California/Pacific Ocean ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; EXPORT PRODUCTION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SUSPENDED BARITE; MARINE BARITE; PARTICULATE MATTER; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; BAJA CALIFORNIA; BIOGENIC BARIUM; GEOCHEMISTRY AB We have modified an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) for use at sea, which permits mapping of dissolved Ba at high temporal and spatial resolution. While evaluating this system off the Pacific coast of Baja California, we discovered Ba depletion greater than 60% in surface waters over tens of kilometers. Observed Ba abundance is among the lowest reported in any ocean water. No corresponding depletion was seen in Sr, which strongly suggests that acantharians are not the primary source of biogenic Ba in these surface waters. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Esser, BK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, L-231,7000 E Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 67 EP 79 AR PII S0304-4203(02)00037-3 DI 10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00037-3 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 588EL UT WOS:000177688300002 ER PT J AU Lo, CCH Jiles, DC Mina, M Johnson, MJ Koepke, B Kerdus, LC Leib, J AF Lo, CCH Jiles, DC Mina, M Johnson, MJ Koepke, B Kerdus, LC Leib, J TI Evaluation of the effects of pulsed magnetic field treatment as a nondestructive treatment for magnetic materials SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE pulsed magnetic field processing; stress relief; magnetic hysteresis; Barkhausen emission; magnetic force microscopy AB Pulsed magnetic treatment has been suggested as a nondestructive treatment of magnetic materials for reducing microscopic stress and strain in the materials. Systematic studies have been made to test the effect of pulsed magnetic field treatments in a variety of magnetic materials including bulk nickel and magnetic thin film samples. The treatment involves the application of a low frequency, periodic magnetic field superimposed with a high frequency pulse component followed by demagnetization. Equipment for applying the pulsed magnetic field treatment has been designed and constructed, together with computer software which was developed to allow complete control of the waveform, frequency and amplitude of the pulsed magnetic field profile. Various characterization techniques, including magnetic hysteresis, Barkhausen effect measurements and magnetic force microscopy, were used to test the effects of the pulsed magnetic field treatment. Present results indicate that the stress relief effect of the treatment on the samples, if there is any, is much weaker than claimed in previous studies. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, US DOE,Ames Lab,Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Pulse Tek, Plymouth, MN 55447 USA. RP Lo, CCH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, US DOE,Ames Lab,Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 60 IS 8 BP 971 EP 975 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 581KF UT WOS:000177290700012 ER PT J AU Vogel, S Ustundag, E Hanan, JC Yuan, VW Bourke, MAM AF Vogel, S Ustundag, E Hanan, JC Yuan, VW Bourke, MAM TI In-situ investigation of the reduction of NiO by a neutron transmission method SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; kinetics; NiO; reduction; Bragg-edge transmission; thermogravimetry ID NICKEL-OXIDE; KINETICS; HYDROGEN; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; TRANSFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; GRAPHITE; GAS AB A novel neutron Bragg-edge transmission method was used to study the kinetics of a model solid-state reaction: NiO --> Ni + 1/ 20, at 1100 and 1400 degreesC. This method records variations in the wavelength dependence of the neutron beam transmission due to changes in Bragg diffraction in a test specimen. Since the beam transmission depends on diffraction scattering over 4pi radians, the technique is more effective in detecting change in diffraction than a measurement of scattering into a detector subtending a limited solid angle. Therefore, the Bragg-edge transmission method permits kinetic study of chemical reactions and phase transformations with a better time resolution than can be achieved with powder diffraction. The advantages of this method compared with other techniques that yield kinetics information from solid-state reactions or phase transformations (e.g. thermogravimetry, dilatometry and metallography) include sensitivity to phase and crystallographic structure. In this study, we report volume fraction evolution with temporal resolution as low as 30 s. To obtain information about the rate by controlling process during the reaction, the diffraction data were analyzed using the traditional thermogravimetric approach and by employing a number of kinetics models. The analysis suggests that the reaction rate is largely controlled by diffusion at 1100 degreesC, but is influenced more by an interface reaction at 1400 degreesC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Keck Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ustundag, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Keck Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 333 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01823-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01823-8 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 570PF UT WOS:000176666100001 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Elmer, JW DebRoy, T AF Zhang, W Elmer, JW DebRoy, T TI Modeling and real time mapping of phases during GTA welding of 1005 steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE phase transformations; 1005 steel; JMA kinetics; X-ray diffraction; heat transfer and fluid flow; GTA welding ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LOW-ALLOY STEEL; HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; AUSTENITE; KINETICS; TRANSFORMATIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPOSITS; REAUSTENITIZATION; PREDICTION AB Evolution of the microstructure in AISI 1005 steel weldments was studied during gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding experimentally and theoretically. The experimental work involved real-time mapping, of phases in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) using a synchrotron-based spatially resolved X-ray diffraction (SRXRD) technique and post weld microstructural characterization of the fusion zone (FZ). A three-dimensional heat transfer mid fluid flow model was used to calculate the temperature and velocity fields, thermal cycles. and the geometry of the FZ and the HAZ. The experimental SRXRD phase map and the Computed thermal cycles were used to determine the kinetic parameters in the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation for the ferrite to austenite transformation during heating in the HAZ. Apart from providing a quantitative expression for the kinetics of this transformation, the results are consistent with a decreasing nucleation rate of austenite from a ferrite matrix with time. In the FZ. the volume fractions of microconstituents were calculated using an existing phase transformation model and the computed thermal cycles. Good agreement was found between the calculated and experimental volume fractions of allotriomorphic and Widmanstatten ferrites in the FZ. The results indicate significant promise for understanding microstructure evolution during GTA welding of AISI 1005 steel by a combination of real time phase mapping and modeling. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM debroy@psu.edu RI DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010; Zhang, Wei/B-9471-2013 NR 36 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 333 IS 1-2 BP 320 EP 335 AR PII S0921-5093(01)01857-3 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01857-3 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 570PF UT WOS:000176666100041 ER PT J AU Anderson, IE Cook, BA Harringa, J Terpstra, RL Foley, JC Unal, O AF Anderson, IE Cook, BA Harringa, J Terpstra, RL Foley, JC Unal, O TI Effects of alloying in near-eutectic tin-silver-copper solder joints SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE lead-free solder tin (Sn)-silver (Ag)-copper (Cu) solders; joint shear strength; joint microstructure; solder joint solidification ID SN-AG-CU AB This study included a comparison of the baseline Sn-3.5Ag eutectic to one near-eutectic ternary alloy, Sn-3.6Ag-1.0Cu and two quaternary alloys, Sn-16Ag-1.0Cu-0.15Co and Sn-3.6Ag-1.0Cu-0.45Co, to increase understanding of the effects of Co on Sn-Ag-Cu solder joints cooled at 1-3degreesC/s., typical of reflow assembly practice. The results revealed joint microstructure refinement due to Co-enhanced nucleation of the Cu6Sn5 phase in the solder matrix, as suggested by Auger elemental mapping and calorimetric measurements. The Co also reduced inter-metallic interface faceting and improved the ability of the solder joint samples to maintain their shear strength after aging for 72 h at 150degreesC. Some recent additional results with Co and Fe additions are consistent with this catalysis effect, where a reduced total solute level was tested. The baseline Sn-3.5Ag joints exhibited significantly reduced strength retention and coarser microstructures. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1827 EP 1832 DI 10.2320/matertrans.43.1827 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 592HB UT WOS:000177930100009 ER PT J AU Song, HG Morris, JW Hua, F AF Song, HG Morris, JW Hua, F TI Anomalous creep in Sn-rich solder joints SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE creep behavior; tin-rich solder alloy; lead-free solder joints ID DEFORMATION; TIN; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOYS AB This paper discusses the creep behavior of example Sn-rich solders that have become candidates for use in Pb-free solder joints. The specific solders discussed are Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu, Sn-0.7Cu and Sn-10In-3.1Ag, used in thin joints between Cu and Ni/Au metallized pads. The creep behavior of these joints was measured over the range 60-130degreesC. The four solders show the same general behavior. At all temperatures their steady-state creep rates are separated into two regimes with different stress exponents (n). The low-stress exponents range from similar to3-6, while the high-stress exponents are anomalously high (7-12). Strikingly, the high-stress exponent has a strong temperature dependence near room temperature, increasing significantly as the temperature drops from 95 to 60degreesC. The anomalous behavior of the solders appears to be due to the dominant Sn constituent. Joints of pure So have stress exponents, n, that change with stress and temperature almost exactly like those of the Sn-rich solder joints. Surprisingly, however, very similar behavior is found in Sn-10In-3.1Ag, whose primary constituent is gamma-InSn. Research on creep in bulk samples of pure Sn suggests that the anomalous temperature dependence of the stress exponent is due to a change in the dominant mechanism of creep. Whatever its source, it has the consequence that conventional constitutive relations for steady-state creep must be used with caution in treating Sn-rich solder joints, and qualification tests that are intended to verify performance should be carefully designed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Intel Corp, Mat Technol Operat, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Song, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 8 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1847 EP 1853 DI 10.2320/matertrans.43.1847 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 592HB UT WOS:000177930100012 ER PT J AU Awasthi, AM Sampath, S AF Awasthi, AM Sampath, S TI Thermo-kinetic anomalies across rigidity threshold in GexSe1-x SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE rigidity percolation; glasses; differential scanning calorimetry ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; GLASS-TRANSITION; CHALCOGENIDE ALLOYS; RELAXATION; NETWORKS; TOPOLOGY; LIQUIDS AB We have investigated the glass-transition kinetics of nine GexSe1-x glasses by differential scanning calorimetry. Relation between the drive (heating-rate q) and response (heatflow shift DeltaH at T-g) is seen to be strictly linear only for GeSe4, known to signify the bulk-rigidity threshold for this series. From an Arrhenius analysis the activation energies for glassy relaxation are estimated, and point to the existence of different thermokinetic phases below and above the threshold composition. Series behaviour of the kinetic activation is conciled to a concurring one seen in the size of cooperatively diffusing regions. The anomalies are attributed to structural crossovers with Ge doping; first from the parent uniform Se-chains to that of backbones out-branching at corner-shared Ge(Se-1/2)(4) tetrahedral clusters, and subsequently interconnecting by edge-shared configurations to realize a random pearl-necklace 3-D covalent network. C1 Inter Univ Consortium DAE Facil, Indore 452017, India. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Inter Univ Consortium DAE Facil, Univ Campus,Khandwa Rd, Indore 452017, India. EM amawasthi@iucindore.ernet.in; ssampath@anl.gov RI Awasthi, Anand/G-8541-2014 OI Awasthi, Anand/0000-0002-7345-2038 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2046 EP 2049 DI 10.2320/matertrans.43.2046 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 592HB UT WOS:000177930100044 ER PT J AU Berselli, LC Galdi, GP Iliescu, T Layton, WJ AF Berselli, LC Galdi, GP Iliescu, T Layton, WJ TI Mathematical analysis for the Rational Large Eddy simulation model SO MATHEMATICAL MODELS & METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Large Eddy Simulation; strong solutions; existence; uniqueness; blow up ID TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW; EQUATIONS AB In this paper we consider the Rational Large Eddy Simulation model recently introduced by Galdi and Layton. We briefly present this model, which (in principle) is similar to others commonly used, and we prove the existence and uniqueness of a class of strong solutions. Contrary to the gradient model, the main feature of this model is that it allows a better control of the kinetic energy. Consequently, to prove existence of strong solutions, we do not need subgrid-scale regularization operators, as proposed by Smagorinsky. We also introduce some breakdown criteria that are related to the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Matemat Applicata U Dini, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Berselli, LC (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Matemat Applicata U Dini, V Bonanno 25-B, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RI Berselli, Luigi/I-4763-2012 OI Berselli, Luigi/0000-0001-6208-9934 NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2025 J9 MATH MOD METH APPL S JI Math. Models Meth. Appl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1131 EP 1152 DI 10.1142/S0218202502002057 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 592XH UT WOS:000177961800004 ER PT J AU von Wittenau, AES Logan, CM Rikard, RD AF von Wittenau, AES Logan, CM Rikard, RD TI Using a tungsten rollbar to characterize the source spot of a megavoltage bremsstrahlung linac SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-BEAMS; MONTE-CARLO; DOSE CALCULATIONS; PHASE-SPACE; ACCELERATOR; DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIATION; PROFILES; MODEL; EGS4 AB In photon teletherapy, the size and functional form of the photon source spot affect both the sharpness of the penumbra of treatment fields and the sharpness of portal images. Photon source spot parameters are also used in photon teletherapy dose calculation codes. A simple method for characterizing the source spot would complement the existing, more involved methods that have been described in the medical physics literature. Such a method, using a rollbar made of tungsten or other high-Z metal, is used in industrial radiography. We describe the use of a tungsten rollbar for characterizing the source spot edge spread function (and thereby the source spot size and shape) of a megavoltage bremsstrahlung photon source. We use Monte Carlo simulations to quantify anticipated experimental artifacts of the method, assuming typical spot sizes for circ-function, Gaussian, and Bennett line shapes. We illustrate the use of the rollbar method by characterizing the source spot of a typical 9 MV linac used for industrial radiography. The source spot is analyzed using two approaches: (a) fitting the rollbar image with analytic functions and (b) using Abel inversion to obtain the cylindrically symmetric spot profile consistent with the measured rollbar image. Monte Carlo simulations, based on a 6 MV photon teletherapy accelerator, suggest that aspects of the method are applicable to medical bremsstrahlung sources. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP von Wittenau, AES (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1797 EP 1806 DI 10.1118/1.1494834 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 584VR UT WOS:000177489900019 ER PT J AU Wang, P Veeraraghavan, D Kumar, M Vasudevan, VK AF Wang, P Veeraraghavan, D Kumar, M Vasudevan, VK TI Massive-parent interphase boundaries and their implications on the mechanisms of the alpha ->gamma(M) massive transformation in Ti-Al alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanisms of the Massive Transformation held at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 16-19, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP TMS, ASM Phase Transformat Comm ID BETA->ALPHA-M TRANSFORMATION; NUCLEATION KINETICS; ANTIPHASE REGIONS; PHASE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; THERMODYNAMICS; BETA; AG AB The massive-parent interphase boundaries associated with the alpha --> gamma(M) massive transformation in a Ti-46.5 at. pet Al alloy were studied. Special experiments were performed to arrest the transformation at an early stage. Orientation relationships (ORs) between the gamma(M) and parent a (retained as alpha(2)) phases were determined using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) in a scanning electron microscope and by electron diffraction, and the interphase boundaries were characterized by two-beam brightfield/weak-beam dark-field (WBDF) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results reveal that the gamma(m) nucleates at grain boundaries generally with a low-index Burgers orientation relation and a coherent interface with one parent grain, but grows into the adjacent grain with a high-index/irrational orientation relation. The growth interfaces between the two phases are generally free of misfit dislocations or other defects and consist of curved parts as well as planar facets, whose macroscopic habit planes are of generally high-index/irrational orientation and deviate substantially from the close-packed planes. On an atomic scale, the growth interfaces are sometimes found to be faceted along {111} planes, as well as along other planes, with closely spaced steps, but are concluded to be incoherent with respect to the parent grain into which growth occurs. The implications of these results on the nucleation and growth mechanisms associated with the alpha-to-gamma(M) massive transformation are discussed. In particular, the nature of the interphase boundaries and their relation to whether growth occurs by a ledgewise motion of the interfaces or by continuous growth are addressed. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Motorola Inc, Digital DNA Labs, Austin, TX 78251 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM vasudevk@email.uc.edu NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2353 EP 2371 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0359-z PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 586DE UT WOS:000177568700011 ER PT J AU Yanar, C Wiezorek, JMK Radmilovic, V Soffa, WA AF Yanar, C Wiezorek, JMK Radmilovic, V Soffa, WA TI Massive transformation and the formation of the ferromagnetic L1(0) phase in manganese-aluminum-based alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanisms of the Massive Transformation held at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 16-19, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP TMS, ASM Phase Transformat Comm ID MN-AL-C; PERMANENT-MAGNET MATERIALS; TAU-PHASE; KINETICS; THERMODYNAMICS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CARBON; FILMS; GAAS AB Manganese-aluminum alloys in the vicinity of the equiatomic composition exhibit an attractive combination of magnetic properties for technological applications, including bulk permanent magnets and thin-film devices. The technical magnetic properties derive from the formation of a metastable L1(0) intermetallic phase (tau-MnAl) characterized by a high, uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy with an "easy" c-axis. Carbon is generally added to stabilize the tetragonal tau phase with respect to the stable phases in the system. The magnetic hysteresis behavior of the Mn-Al-C genre of permanent magnet alloys is extremely sensitive to the microstructure and defect structure produced during the formation of the tau phase (L1(0)) within the high-temperature epsilon phase (hcp). In this study, modern metallographic techniques, including high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), have been applied to elucidate the nature of the phase transformation and the evolution of the unique microstructure and defect structure characterizing the structural state of the ferromagnetic tau phase. It is concluded that the metastable tau phase is the product of a compositionally invariant, diffusional nucleation and growth process or massive transformation. The massive product nucleates preferentially at the grain boundaries of the parent 8 phase and is propagated by the migration of incoherent interphase interfaces. The interphase interfaces are revealed to be faceted on various length scales. It is concluded that this faceting is not a feature of the bicrysiallography of the parent and product phases. The high density of lattice defects within the tau phase, generated by the phase transformation, is attributed to growth faults produced during atomic attachment at the migrating interfaces. Classical nucleation theory has been applied quantitatively to the grain-boundary nucleation process and was found to be consistent with the observed time-temperature-transformation (TTT) behavior. Analysis of the growth kinetics gives an DeltaH(D) value of 154 kJ mol(-1) for the activation energy of the transboundary diffusional process controlling boundary migration. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Belgrade, Dept Met Phys, Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM wsoffa@pitt.edu NR 43 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2413 EP 2423 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0363-3 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 586DE UT WOS:000177568700015 ER PT J AU Agarwal, H Gokhale, AM Graham, S Horstemeyer, MF AF Agarwal, H Gokhale, AM Graham, S Horstemeyer, MF TI Quantitative characterization of three-dimensional damage evolution in a wrought Al-alloy under tension and compression SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-AREA; PARTICLES; NUMBER; ALUMINUM; STEEL AB Three-dimensional (3-D) microstructural damage due to cracking of Fe-rich intermetallic particles is quantitatively characterized as a function of strain under compression and tension in an Al-Mg-Si base wrought alloy. The 3-D number fraction of damaged (cracked) particles, their average volume, average surface area, and shape factor are estimated at different strain levels for deformation under uniaxial tension and compression. It is, shown that, depending on the type of loading, loading direction, particle shape, and microstructural anisotropy, the two-dimensional (2-D) number fraction of, the damaged particles can be smaller or larger than the corresponding true 3-D number fraction. Under untaxial tension, the average, volume and surface, Area of cracked particles decrease with the strain. However, the average volume and surface area of the cracked particles increase with the increase in the compressive strain, implying that more and more larger elongated particles crack at higher and higher stress levels, which is contrary to the predictions of the existing particle cracking theories. In this alloy, the damage development due to particle cracking is intimately coupled with the particle rotations. The differences in the damage evolution under tension and compression are explained on the basis of the differences in the particle rotation tendencies under these two loading conditions. C1 Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Agarwal, H (reprint author), Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2599 EP 2606 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0381-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 586DE UT WOS:000177568700033 ER PT J AU George, GN Pickering, IJ Yu, EY Prince, RC AF George, GN Pickering, IJ Yu, EY Prince, RC TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy of bacterial sulfur globules SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Letter C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Exxon Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP George, GN (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC MS 69,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM57375] NR 10 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD AUG PY 2002 VL 148 BP 2267 EP 2268 PN 8 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 585NA UT WOS:000177529800001 PM 12177317 ER PT J AU Kotera, N Jones, ED Sakai, T Kawano, T Shibata, K Mishima, Y AF Kotera, N Jones, ED Sakai, T Kawano, T Shibata, K Mishima, Y TI Temperature effect of magneto-photoluminescence in InGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells: application of band theory to nonparabolic conduction subband SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on New Phenomena in Mesoscipic Structures CY NOV 25-30, 2001 CL WAIKOLOA, HAWAII DE multi-quantum well; magneto-photoluminescence; Landau level; magneto-exciton ID NEGATIVELY CHARGED EXCITONS; ENERGY; INP AB Interband magneto-photoluminescence (MPL) spectra in n-type InGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells (QWs) lattice-matched to InP were measured between 1.4 and 275 K. From a fan chart of MPL peak energy vs. magnetic field, assignment of Landau levels (LLs) associated with conduction subband (CS) was made consistently. Two series of LL peak energies with different Landau quantum number was subtracted to cancel the effects of complex valence subband states and bandgap renormalization, etc. The energy difference of two CS LL peak series in the MPL fan chart, between Landau quantum number 0 and 1, did not agree with the measured cyclotron resonance (CR) energy or the related theoretical CS LL energy difference. The difference was 6-10 meV at 1.4 K near 10 T. Temperature dependence of the difference of CS LL peak energies was studied and the difference tended to diminish at 175-275 K. The behavior suggested that the quantity was the difference of magneto-exciton binding energy and that the exciton states were merged into LLs at higher temperature. A band parameter, E-p, in nonparabolic band theory was discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyushu Inst Technol, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, Kokubunji, Tokyo 1858601, Japan. RP Kotera, N (reprint author), Kyushu Inst Technol, Kawazu 68-4, Iizuka, Fukuoka 8208502, Japan. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 63 IS 1-3 BP 301 EP 307 AR PII S0167-9317(02)00644-5 DI 10.1016/S0167-9317(02)00644-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 582QZ UT WOS:000177363800049 ER PT J AU Vu, D Marquez, M Larsen, G AF Vu, D Marquez, M Larsen, G TI A facile method to deposit zeolites Y and L onto cellulose fibers SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE zeolite; fiber; cellulose; filter; zeolite/cellulose composite AB Zeolite (Y and L)/cellulose composites are synthesized from natural cellulose fibers pre-treated with NaOH, KOH or Na2SiO3, and preformed zeolite powders. Several techniques such as diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and BET specific surface area measurements were used to characterize these materials. Successful synthesis depends on extent of water removal from open reactors, fiber pre-treatment and reaction temperature, reaction time, and initial water: zeolite:fiber ratio. One important trait of the materials reported in this study is that their zeolite content becomes stable on washing with water at 373 K for several hours. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Kraft Gen Foods Inc, NanoteK R&D, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Larsen, G (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 AR PII S1387-1811(02)00409-2 DI 10.1016/S1387-1811(02)00409-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 596HB UT WOS:000178157900008 ER PT J AU Dahmen, U Hetherington, CJD Radmilovic, V Johnson, E Xiao, SQ Luo, CP AF Dahmen, U Hetherington, CJD Radmilovic, V Johnson, E Xiao, SQ Luo, CP TI Electron microscopy observations on the role of twinning in the evolution of microstructures SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE multiple twinning; high resolution electron microscopy; precipitation; grain boundary; aluminum alloys; hexagonal silicon ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY DISSOCIATION; AL-GE ALLOY; SI-GE; AL-(SI,GE) ALLOYS; LEAD INCLUSIONS; MORPHOLOGY; SILICON; PRECIPITATION; GERMANIUM; ALUMINUM AB Twinning plays an important role in phase transformations and can have significant effects on microstructural evolution. Different roles of twinning in the development of microstructures during precipitation and phase transformations are reviewed and illustrated with examples from investigations by high-resolution electron microscopy, including the effect of multiple twinning on the development of Ge precipitates in Al-Ge and Ag-Ge alloys, the twin dissociation of grain boundaries in Au, the formation of hexagonal Si at twin intersections and the effect of twin boundaries on the equilibrium shape of Pb inclusions in Al. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Niels Bohr Inst Astron Phys & Geophys, Orsted Lab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. S China Univ Technol, Dept Engn Mech, Guangzhou 510641, Peoples R China. RP Dahmen, U (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1017/S1431927602020184 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 612CF UT WOS:000179056000003 PM 12533222 ER PT J AU Kusinski, GJ Thomas, G AF Kusinski, GJ Thomas, G TI Physical and magnetic modification of Co/Pt multilayers by ion irradiation SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE magnetic patterning; ion irradiation; Co/Pt multilayers; magnetic imaging; magnetic domains; transmission electron microscopy; transmission X-ray microscopy ID LOCAL ATOMIC ARRANGEMENTS; PARTIALLY ORDERED COPT3; FILM LAYERED STRUCTURES; PATTERNED MEDIA; GALLIUM IRRADIATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RECORDING MEDIA; ANISOTROPY; RESOLUTION; FABRICATION AB The microstructure of Co/Pt multilayers with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) was investigated before and after energetic ion irradiation. No pronounced microstructural changes were detected at ion doses sufficient to completely reduce the PMA and cause a spin reorientation transition to in-plane. Ion-induced displacement of Co and Pt atoms near Co/Pt interfaces lead to local "roughening" and Co layer strain relaxation, reducing the PMA. The magnetic domain confinement induced by ion irradiation and magnetic patterning by selective ion irradiation were also investigated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MMFX Technol, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. RP Kusinski, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 319 EP 332 DI 10.1017/S1431927602020275 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 612CF UT WOS:000179056000010 PM 12533229 ER PT J AU Griffiths, SK Nilson, RH AF Griffiths, SK Nilson, RH TI Transport limitations on development times of LIGA PMMA resists SO MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Symposium on Information Storage and Processing Systems CY JUN 28-29, 2001 CL SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA SP ASME ID X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; STRUCTURE QUALITY; MICROSTRUCTURES; CAVITIES; BEHAVIOR; FLOW AB Analytical and numerical methods are employed to investigate the role of PMMA fragment transport in resist development for the LIGA process. We demonstrate that the overall development time can be expressed as the sum of the kinetic-limited development time and a time for fragment transport. The kinetic-limited time depends only on the resist thickness, dose profile and development temperature and is independent of feature size. The transport time grows as the square of the resist thickness and falls inversely with the Sherwood number. A new analytical model describing the Sherwood number for forced convective transport in deep cavities is also developed. This model, applicable to both resist development and electroforming, is compared with numerical simulations and with data previously reported. Based on this model, we find that forced convective transport can significantly reduce development times only for features having an aspect ratio less than about five. Acoustic agitation is also discussed, and sample calculations of the development time are presented for both forced convective transport and acoustic agitation over a wide range of feature sizes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Mat Proc Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Griffiths, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Mat Proc Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-7076 J9 MICROSYST TECHNOL JI Microsyst. Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4-5 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1007/s00542-001-0165-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 594VV UT WOS:000178073000020 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, JA Drewes, RC Tatum, OL AF Wilkinson, JA Drewes, RC Tatum, OL TI A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Rhacophoridae with an emphasis on the Asian and African genera SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Rhacophoridae; molecular phylogeny; taxonomy; mtDNA; 12S, 16S rRNA genes; Aglyptodactylus; Boophis; Buergeria; Chirixalus; Chiromantis; Mantella; Mantidactylus; Nyctixalus; Philautus; Polypedates; Rhacophorus; Theloderma ID FROGS AB Using characters from mitochondrial DNA to construct maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees, we performed a phylogenetic analysis on representative species of 14 genera: 12 that belong to the treefrog family Rhacophoridae and two, Amolops and Rana, that are not rhacophorids. Our results support a phylogenetic hypothesis that depicts a monophyletic family Rhacophoridae. In this family, the Malagasy genera Aglyptodactylus, Boaphis, Mantella, and Mantidactylus form a well-supported sister clade to all other rhacophorid genera, and Mantella is the sister taxon to Mantidactylus. Within the Asian/African genera, the genus Buergeria forms a well-supported clade of four species. The genera, except for Chirixalus, are generally monophyletic. An exception to this is that Polypedates dennysii clusters with species of Rhacophorus, suggesting that the taxonomy of the rhacophorids should be revised to reflect this relationship. Chirixalus is not monophyletic. Unexpectedly, there is strong support for Chirixalus doriae from Southeast Asia forming a clade with species of the African genus Chiromantis, suggesting that Chiromantis dispersed to Africa from Asia. Also, there is strong support for the sister taxon relationship of Chirixalus eiffingeri and Chirixalus idiootocus apart from other congeners. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Calif Acad Sci, Dept Herpetol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. HT Harvey & Associates, San Jose, CA 95118 USA. RP Wilkinson, JA (reprint author), Calif Acad Sci, Dept Herpetol, Golden Gate Pk, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. NR 47 TC 77 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 265 EP 273 AR PII S1055-7903(02)00212-9 DI 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00212-9 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 589BA UT WOS:000177736800008 PM 12144761 ER PT J AU Kalyuzhnyi, YV McCabe, C Cummings, PT Stell, G AF Kalyuzhnyi, YV McCabe, C Cummings, PT Stell, G TI Structural and thermodynamic properties of a multicomponent freely jointed hard sphere multi-Yukawa chain fluid SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORNSTEIN-ZERNIKE EQUATION; DIRECTIONAL ATTRACTIVE FORCES; CHEMICAL ASSOCIATION; PRIMITIVE MODELS; APPROXIMATION; CLOSURE; MSA; POLYMERIZATION; MOLECULES; MIXTURE AB The product-reactant Ornstein-Zernike approach, represented by the polymer mean-spherical approximation (PMSA), is utilized to describe the structure and thermodynamic properties of the fluid of Yukawa hard sphere chain molecules. An analytical solution of the PMSA for the most general case of the multicomponent freely jointed hard sphere multi-Yukawa chain fluid is presented. As in the case of the regular MSA for the hard sphere Yukawa fluid, the problem is reduced to the solution of a set of nonlinear algebraic equations in the general case, and to a single equation in the case of the factorizable Yukawa potential coefficients. Closed form analytical expressions are presented for the contact values of the monomer-monomer radial distribution function, structure factors, internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, chemical potentials and pressure in terms of the quantities, which follows directly from the PMSA solution. By way of illustration, several different versions of the hard sphere Yukawa chain model are considered, represented by one-Yukawa chains of length m, where m = 2, 4, 8, 16, To validate the accuracy of the present theory, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out and the results are compared systematically with the theoretical results for the structure and thermodynamic properties of the system at hand. In general it is found that the theory performs very well, thus providing an analytical route to the equilibrium properties of a well defined model for chain fluids. C1 Inst Condensed Matter Phys, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Kalyuzhnyi, YV (reprint author), Inst Condensed Matter Phys, Svientsitskoho 1, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. RI McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 100 IS 15 BP 2499 EP 2517 DI 10.1080/00268970210130245 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 579HQ UT WOS:000177172900010 ER PT J AU Predota, M Cummings, PT Chialvo, AA AF Predota, M Cummings, PT Chialvo, AA TI Pair approximation for polarization interaction and adiabatic nuclear and electronic sampling method for fluids with dipole polarizability SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; PHASE COEXISTENCE PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FORCE-FIELDS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; GIBBS ENSEMBLE; WATER MODELS; LIQUID; POTENTIALS AB The adiabatic nuclear and electronic sampling method (ANES), originally formulated as an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm for systems with fluctuating charges, is applied to the simulation of a polarizable water model with induced dipole moments. Structural, thermodynamic and dipolar properties obtained by ANES and a newer algorithm, the pair approximation for polarization interaction (PAPI), are compared with full iteration. With the best parameters, the inaccuracy of both approximate methods was found to be comparable with the uncertainty of the full iteration. The PAPI method with iteration radius equal to the second minimum of the oxygen-oxygen correlation function is, depending on the convergence tolerance, 10-15 times faster than the full iteration for 256 molecules, and yields very accurate structure and thermodynamics with deviation about 0.3%. When the iteration radius is increased to the cutoff distance, exact results are recovered at the cost of decreased efficiency. The ANES method with small nuclear displacements proved to inefficiently sample the configurational space. Simulations at low electronic temperatures with large nuclear displacements are inaccurate for up to 100 electronic moves, and increasing this number would make the simulations as slow as the full iteration. The most accurate and efficient adiabatic ANES simulations are those with infinite electronic temperature, large nuclear displacements and 1-10 electronic moves. The extra freedom of induced dipoles in the ANES method at high electronic temperatures modifies the observed dipolar properties; however, the question of whether the dielectric constant is also modified needs further consideration. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, High Temp Aqueous Chem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cummings, PT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Predota, Milan/A-2256-2009; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; OI Predota, Milan/0000-0003-3902-0992; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 100 IS 16 BP 2703 EP 2717 DI 10.1080/00268970210137284 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 580TE UT WOS:000177250400013 ER PT J AU Borzsak, I Cummings, PT Evans, DJ AF Borzsak, I Cummings, PT Evans, DJ TI Shear viscosity of a simple fluid over a wide range of strain rates SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB The shear viscosity of the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) fluid at the Lennard-Jones triple point has been calculated over a wide range of strain rates using the transient time correlation function (TTCF) formalism. It has been demonstrated that these calculations can be carried out at arbitrarily low strain rates with the precision of the Green-Kubo calculations. At high strain rates, the calculated data agree within the error bars with more precise data acquired using the computationally less demanding steady state (SS) non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) method. The linear variation of viscosity with the square root of the strain rate is discussed. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Chem Res Ctr, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Borzsak, I (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Chem Res Ctr, POB 17, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. RI Evans, Denis/C-1653-2009; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 7 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 100 IS 16 BP 2735 EP 2738 DI 10.1080/00268970210137275 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 580TE UT WOS:000177250400016 ER PT J AU Konya, Z Puntes, VF Kiricsi, I Zhu, J Alivisatos, AP Somorjai, GA AF Konya, Z Puntes, VF Kiricsi, I Zhu, J Alivisatos, AP Somorjai, GA TI Nanocrystal templating of silica mesopores with tunable pore sizes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; COPOLYMER; TRIBLOCK AB Metallic nanoparticles (platinum and gold) encapsulated in mesoporous silica (SBA-15) were prepared in the same solution by a novel two-step method. Characterization by X-ray scattering and electron microscopy consistently shows that the metal nanoparticles were homogeneously incorporated in the mesopores (retaining their size and morphology), even when the nanocrystal diameter exceeds the normal mesopore diameter. The nanoparticles nucleated the expansion of the mesopore channels in the 92-116 Angstrom range so they could accommodate the metal particles. This expansion occurs in the concentration range of 1-10(3) nanoparticles per 10(3) mesopore channels. This effect can be used to tune the pore size. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Szeged, Dept Appl & Environm Chem, Szeged, Hungary. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Puntes, Victor/F-8407-2013; Konya, Zoltan/C-2492-2009; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Puntes, Victor/0000-0001-8996-9499; Konya, Zoltan/0000-0002-9406-8596; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 12 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 2 IS 8 BP 907 EP 910 DI 10.1021/nl0256661 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 584TU UT WOS:000177485500025 ER PT J AU Gillies, GT Allison, SW Tissue, BM AF Gillies, GT Allison, SW Tissue, BM TI Positive pressure infusion of fluorescent nanoparticles as a probe of the structure of brain phantom gelatins SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EU2O3 AB Positive pressure infusion of Y2O3:Eu3+ particles 8-12 run in size was carried out in 75 cm(3) samples of 0.6% agarose gels that have internal mass transport properties similar to those of in vivo mammalian brain tissue. The purpose of the study was to investigate the nature of the porous-like structure of the gels at distance scales of the order of approximate to 10 nm. Fluorescence of the particles under UV excitation was used to observe their time-dependent distribution pattern, with the result that the convection-enhanced flow provided by the infusion process caused the particles to permeate the gel's interstitial structure, thus revealing a porosity scale size commensurate with that of the particle size. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Div Neurosurg, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NTRC, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Gillies, GT (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, POB 400746, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Kipke, Daryl/A-2167-2009 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 484 EP 486 AR PII S0957-4484(02)34074-1 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/13/4/308 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 590CK UT WOS:000177799800010 ER PT J AU Hopfner, KP Craig, L Moncalian, G Zinkel, RA Usui, T Owen, BAL Karcher, A Henderson, B Bodmer, JL McMurray, CT Carney, JP Petrini, JHJ Tainer, JA AF Hopfner, KP Craig, L Moncalian, G Zinkel, RA Usui, T Owen, BAL Karcher, A Henderson, B Bodmer, JL McMurray, CT Carney, JP Petrini, JHJ Tainer, JA TI The Rad50 zinc-hook is a structure joining Mre11 complexes in DNA recombination and repair SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STRAND BREAK REPAIR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN COMPLEX; NUCLEASE; MAINTENANCE; YEAST; REQUIREMENT; CELLS AB The Mre11 complex (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1) is central to chromosomal maintenance and functions in homologous recombination, telomere maintenance and sister chromatid association(1-7). These functions all imply that the linked binding of two DNA substrates occurs, although the molecular basis for this process remains unknown. Here we present a 2.2 Angstrom crystal structure of the Rad50 coiled-coil region that reveals an unexpected dimer interface at the apex of the coiled coils in which pairs of conserved Cys-X-X-Cys motifs form interlocking hooks that bind one Zn2+ ion. Biochemical, X-ray and electron microscopy data indicate that these hooks can join oppositely protruding Rad50 coiled-coil domains to forma flexible bridge of up to 1,200 Angstrom. This suggests a function for the long insertion in the Rad50 ABC-ATPase domain(8). The Rad50 hook is functional, because mutations in this motif confer radiation sensitivity in yeast and disrupt binding at the distant Mre11 nuclease interface. These data support an architectural role for the Rad50 coiled coils in forming metal-mediated bridging complexes between two DNA-binding heads. The resulting assemblies have appropriate lengths and conformational properties to link sister chromatids in homologous recombination and DNA ends in non-homologous end-joining. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Munich, Gene Ctr, D-81377 Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, Inst Biochem, D-81377 Munich, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Radiat Oncol Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tainer, JA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Moncalian, Gabriel/K-3493-2014; Hopfner, Karl-Peter/B-6864-2014 OI Moncalian, Gabriel/0000-0002-3007-6490; Hopfner, Karl-Peter/0000-0002-4528-8357 NR 30 TC 320 Z9 330 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 418 IS 6897 BP 562 EP 566 DI 10.1038/nature00922 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 579EE UT WOS:000177162800047 PM 12152085 ER PT J AU Marsteller, DA Gerasimov, MR Schiffer, WK Geiger, JM Barnett, CR Borg, JS Scott, S Ceccarelli, J Volkow, ND Molina, PE Alexoff, DL Dewey, SL AF Marsteller, DA Gerasimov, MR Schiffer, WK Geiger, JM Barnett, CR Borg, JS Scott, S Ceccarelli, J Volkow, ND Molina, PE Alexoff, DL Dewey, SL TI Acute handling stress modulates methylphenidate-induced catecholamine overflow in the medial prefrontal cortex SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE handling stress; methylphenidate; medial prefrontal cortex; norepinephrine; dopamine; microdialysis ID DUAL-PROBE MICRODIALYSIS; VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; NORADRENALINE RELEASE; DOPAMINE RELEASE; INDUCED INCREASE; LOCUS-COERULEUS; RAT-BRAIN; EXTRACELLULAR DOPAMINE; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY AB Although stress is an extensively investigated phenomenon, the effects of specific stressors on the pharmacologic activity of routinely administered drugs are less well characterized. We designed the present study to investigate the effect of handling stress on catecholaminergic responsivity following an acute methylphenidate (MP, Ritalin) challenge in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels were simultaneously measured in 15-min samples of PFC dialysate using HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection. Sprague-Dawley rats were handled for 15 min, which produced an in crease from basal extracellular DA and NE levels. Handling, stress attenuates the DA response when administered 2 h prior to IP MP, whereas handling stress enhances the DA response when administered simultaneously with IG MP. These findings suggest that persistent alterations in mesocorticolimbic DA-ergic activity are induced by a short exposure to restraint stress as evidenced by the altered response to MP challenge. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Physiol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Gerasimov, MR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [5RO-DA06278, DA09490]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH49165]; PHS HHS [R2955155] NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0893-133X J9 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL JI Neuropsychopharmacology PD AUG PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 AR PII S0893-133X(02)00288-9 DI 10.1016/S0893-133X(02)00288-9 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 566AE UT WOS:000176402600004 PM 12093590 ER PT J AU Sewards, TV Sewards, MA AF Sewards, TV Sewards, MA TI Fear and power-dominance drive motivation: neural representations and pathways mediating sensory and mnemonic inputs, and outputs to premotor structures SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE fear; aggression; dominance hierarchies; periaqueductal gray matter; hypothalamus; medial prefrontal cortex ID MIDBRAIN PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS-LEUKOAGGLUTININ; PREFRONTAL CORTICAL PROJECTIONS; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; ANTERIOR PERIRHINAL CORTEX; CENTRAL AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; FOS-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY; FLANK-MARKING BEHAVIOR; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; HYPOTHALAMIC PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS AB Based on the available literature on activation of brain structures by fear- and anger-inducing stimuli, on the effects of electrical and chemical stimulation and lesions of candidate structures, and on connectional data, we propose that both the fear and power-dominance drives are represented in four distinct locations: the medial hypothalamus, lateral/dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, midline thalamic nuclei, and medial prefrontal cortex. The hypothalamic fear representation is located in the dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamic nuclei, the midbrain representation in the caudal part of the lateral/dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, the thalamic representation primarily in parts of the paraventricular and reuniens thalamic nuclei, and the cortical representation in prelimbic cortex. The hypothalamic power-dominance representation is located in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial aspect of the ventromedial nucleus, and in adjacent parts of the medial preoptic area. The corresponding midbrain representation occurs in rostral part of the lateral/dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, and the thalamic representation in parts of the paraventricular, parataenial, and reuniens thalamic nuclei. We discuss sensory/mnemonic inputs to these representations, and outputs to premotor structures in the medulla, caudate-putamen, and cortex, and their differential contributions to involuntary, learned sequential, and voluntary motor acts. We examine potential contributions of neuronal activities in these representations to the subjective awareness of fear and anger. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Res Ctr, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. RP Sewards, TV (reprint author), Sandia Res Ctr, 21 Perdiz Canyon Rd, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. EM sewards@nmia.com NR 307 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7634 EI 1873-7528 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 26 IS 5 BP 553 EP 579 AR PII S0149-7634(02)00020-9 DI 10.1016/S0149-7634(02)00020-9 PG 27 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 606GN UT WOS:000178726400002 PM 12367590 ER PT J AU Edwards, NT Tschaplinski, TJ Norby, RJ AF Edwards, NT Tschaplinski, TJ Norby, RJ TI Stem respiration increases in CO2-enriched sweetgum trees SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE stem respiration; free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); soluble carbohydrate concentrations; CO2 enrichment; sucrose; Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum); growth respiration; maintenance respiration ID MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; CO2 ENRICHMENT; GROWTH; SPRUCE; CONSTRUCTION; TEMPERATURE; POPLAR; SITES; STAND AB Stem respiration in trees results in substantial CO2 release to the atmosphere. Stem respiration is an important component of the carbon budget of forest stands that could be perturbed by CO2 enrichment of the atmosphere. We measured stem respiration in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment in a 15-yr-old sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua plantation. The trees were exposed to ambient or 1.4x ambient [CO2]. Stem respiration of 12 trees in ambient [CO2] and 12 trees in CO2-enriched plots was continuously monitored over a period of 1 year. CO2 enrichment caused a 23% increase in annual growth respiration (R-g) and a 48% increase in maintenance respiration (R-m). During a 4-d period when CO2 fumigation was turned off, both respiration and stem sucrose concentrations declined in the CO2-enriched trees (.) Concentrations of other soluble sugars did not change. We conclude that elevated [CO2] caused stem respiration to increase and that the increase was driven by increased substrate supply from leaves. We suggest that both R-g and R-m rate responses may result from changes in growth rates and live to dead tissue ratios rather than from mechanistic alterations of the respiratory processes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Edwards, NT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Tschaplinski, Timothy/0000-0002-9540-6622 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 155 IS 2 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00458.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 570MV UT WOS:000176662800006 ER PT J AU Youchison, D AF Youchison, D TI Simulating the design for a Tokamak fusion reactor SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Youchison, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Kirtland AFB, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILMINGTON PUBLISHING PI SIDCUP PA WILMINGTON HOUSE, MAIDSTONE RD, FOOTS CRAY, SIDCUP DA14 SHZ, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0029-5507 J9 NUCL ENG INT JI Nucl. Eng. Int. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 47 IS 577 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 586YX UT WOS:000177614700003 ER PT J AU Shinohara, K Takechi, M Ishikawa, M Kusama, Y Morioka, A Oyama, N Tobita, K Ozeki, T Gorelenkov, NN Cheng, CZ Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R AF Shinohara, K Takechi, M Ishikawa, M Kusama, Y Morioka, A Oyama, N Tobita, K Ozeki, T Gorelenkov, NN Cheng, CZ Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R CA JT-60 Team TI Recent progress of Alfven eigenmode experiments using N-NB in JT-60U tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IAEA Technical Commieett Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems CY OCT 09-11, 2001 CL CHALMERS UNIV, GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Int Atom Energy Agcy HO CHALMERS UNIV ID DIII-D; DRIVEN; BEAM; INSTABILITIES; SIMULATION; STABILITY; MODES; SATURATION; PARTICLES AB Bursting modes in the frequency range of the toroidicity induced Alfven eigenmode are observed in the plasma to which the negative-ion-based neutral beam (N-NB) is injected. A bursting mode changes its frequency by 10-20 kHz, in 1-5 ms and is called fast frequency sweeping (fast FS) mode. Another bursting mode evolves explosively in less than or equal to400 mus and is called an abrupt large-amplitude event. The dependence of their saturation level was compared with the experimentally observed growth rate and damping rate. The mode amplitude increases with the observed growth rate for fast FS modes. The modes with large amplitude and a large enhanced transport were observed when a large neutron emission rate was observed. The burst period increases as the drop ratio of the neutron emission increases. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shinohara, K (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014; Kikuchi, Mitsuru/O-1036-2015 OI Kikuchi, Mitsuru/0000-0002-5485-8737 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2002 VL 42 IS 8 BP 942 EP 948 AR PII S0029-5515(02)39107-5 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/8/302 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 591ET UT WOS:000177867300001 ER PT J AU Heidbrink, WW Gorelenkov, NN Murakami, M AF Heidbrink, WW Gorelenkov, NN Murakami, M TI Beam-driven energetic particle modes in advanced tokamak plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IAEA Technical Commieett Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems CY OCT 09-11, 2001 CL CHALMERS UNIV, GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Int Atom Energy Agcy HO CHALMERS UNIV ID INDUCED ALFVEN EIGENMODES; DIII-D AB A major goal of the DIII-D program is to study 'advanced tokamak' plasmas with good confinement, large normalized beta, and a large fraction of self-sustained current. Many of these plasmas have large beam pressures (greater than or similar to1/3 of the total pressure) and weak magnetic shear; Alfven instabilities with laboratory frequencies of 100-250 kHz are often observed. The instabilities correlate with reductions in the neutron rate below the classically expected value, complicating determination of the pressure and current profiles. Quantitative analysis of one case suggests that two types of energetic particle modes are destabilized: the resonant toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmode and the resonant kinetic ballooning mode. The strong dependence on neutral beam injection parameters and the variability in mode frequency are qualitatively consistent with this identification. Further analysis and measurements are planned. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Heidbrink, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2002 VL 42 IS 8 BP 972 EP 976 AR PII S0029-5515(02)39138-5 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/8/305 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 591ET UT WOS:000177867300004 ER PT J AU Gorelenkov, NN Cheng, CZ Fredrickson, E Belova, E Gates, D Kaye, S Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R White, R AF Gorelenkov, NN Cheng, CZ Fredrickson, E Belova, E Gates, D Kaye, S Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R White, R TI Compressional Alfven eigenmode instability in NSTX SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IAEA Technical Commieett Meeting on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems CY OCT 09-11, 2001 CL CHALMERS UNIV, GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Int Atom Energy Agcy HO CHALMERS UNIV ID ION-CYCLOTRON EMISSION; FUSION TEST REACTOR; PRODUCTS; PLASMAS; TOKAMAKS; MODES; WAVES; JET AB Recent observations of instabilities in MHz frequency range in the National Spherical Torus experiments (NSTX) and their analysis are reported. The instability frequency is correlated with the characteristic Alfven velocity of the plasma, upsilon(A). The observed instabilities are explained as compressional Alfven eigenmodes (CAEs) driven by energetic beam ions. Based on a localized CAE solution, mode frequencies are essentially the compressional Alfven frequency at the mode location and are given by psi(CAE) = upsilon(A)m/r, where in is the poloidal mode number, and r is the minor radius. Energetic ions that are in Doppler shifted cyclotron resonance with CAEs provide free energy to destabilize CAEs. Properties of CAE instability driven by different neutral-beam injection ion distributions are presented. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014; White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 2002 VL 42 IS 8 BP 977 EP 985 AR PII S0029-5515(02)39130-0 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/8/306 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 591ET UT WOS:000177867300005 ER PT J AU Bindel, R Baum, R Garcia, E Mignerey, AC Remsberg, LP AF Bindel, R Baum, R Garcia, E Mignerey, AC Remsberg, LP TI Array of Cherenkov radiators for PHOBOS at RHIC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Cherenkov; Cherenkov counters; trigger; vertex AB An array of Cherenkov radiators ("the Cherenkov counters") for the, measurment of the vertex position of heavy-ion gold-gold collisions for the PHOBOS experiment at relativistic heavy ion collider is described. These simple, versatile, and highly efficient detectors provide a low bias and easily understood hardware (on-line) vertex trigger. This trigger is ready for the data-acquisition system in about 650 ns. The position resolution of the vertex distribution found by the Cherenkov counters is approx. 4 cm and is very stable as function of the centrality of the collisions. The general characteristics of the Cherenkov counters. their design parameters. and performance are presented. along with the implementation of the hardware vertex trigger used for PHOBOS during the 2001 run. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys MC 273, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 488 IS 1-2 BP 94 EP 99 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00473-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00473-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 589HD UT WOS:000177752000008 ER PT J AU Atac, M Bartz, E Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Chien, CY Cremaldi, L Doroshenko, J Giolo, K Gobbi, B Gomez, P Grim, G Koeth, T Kozhevnikov, Y Lander, R Malik, S Pellett, D Perera, L Pernicka, M Rott, C Roy, A Sanders, D Schnetzer, S Steininger, H Stone, R Swartz, M Tilden, R Xie, X AF Atac, M Bartz, E Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Chien, CY Cremaldi, L Doroshenko, J Giolo, K Gobbi, B Gomez, P Grim, G Koeth, T Kozhevnikov, Y Lander, R Malik, S Pellett, D Perera, L Pernicka, M Rott, C Roy, A Sanders, D Schnetzer, S Steininger, H Stone, R Swartz, M Tilden, R Xie, X TI Beam test results of the US-CMS forward pixel detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE CMS; forward; pixel; FPIX; beam test; resolution AB CMS will use silicon pixel as its innermost tracking device. Prototypes of these 150 mum square pixels bump bonded to DMILL readout chips were tested at CERN in a pion beam. A silicon telescope consisting of 8 planes of silicon strips was used to interpolate tracks to the position of the pixel detector. Data were taken with the beam at different angles of incidence relative to the pixel sensors. Position resolutions between 10 and 20 mum, depending on the hit position, were observed using charge sharing for the final configuration with unirradiated detectors, The observed resolution was as expected. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Osterr Akad Wissensch, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. RP Atac, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 318-POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 488 IS 1-2 BP 271 EP 281 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00472-2 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00472-2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 589HD UT WOS:000177752000023 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Naberejnev, DG Van Wormer, LA AF Smith, DL Naberejnev, DG Van Wormer, LA TI Large errors and severe conditions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE analysis; errors; uncertainty; probability; variables AB Physical parameters that can assume real-number values over a continuous range are generally represented by inherently positive random variables. However. if the uncertainties in these parameters are significant (large errors), conventional means of representing and manipulating the associated variables can lead to erroneous results. Instead, all analyses involving them must be conducted in a probabilistic framework. Several issues must he considered: First, non-linear functional relations between primary and derived variables may lead to significant "error amplification" (severe conditions). Second, the commonly used normal (Gaussian) probability distribution must he replaced by a more appropriate function that avoids the occurrence of negative sampling results, Third. both primary random variables and those derived through well-defined functions must be dealt with entirely in terms of their probability distributions, Parameter "values" and "errors" should be interpreted as specific moments of these probability distributions. Fourth, there are pragmatic reasons for seeking convenient analytical formulas to approximate the "true" probability distributions of derived parameters generated by Monte Carlo simulation. This paper discusses each of these issues and illustrates the main concepts with realistic examples involving radioactivity, decay and nuclear astrophysics. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hiram Coll, Dept Phys, Hiram, OH 44234 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Mail Stop TD-362-C193,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 488 IS 1-2 BP 342 EP 361 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00467-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00467-9 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 589HD UT WOS:000177752000030 ER PT J AU Wilson, DC Mead, WC Disdier, L Houry, M Bourgade, JL Murphy, TJ AF Wilson, DC Mead, WC Disdier, L Houry, M Bourgade, JL Murphy, TJ TI Scattered and (n,2n) neutrons as a measure of areal density in ICF capsules SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron spectra; ICF capsules; ICF diagnostics ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; DESIGN; TARGETS; PLASMAS AB The fraction of low-energy neutrons created from 14 MeV neutrons by elastic scattering and (n,2n) reactions on D and T has been proposed as a measure of the areal density [pr] (radial integral of density) of ICF targets. In simple situations the fraction of neutrons between 9.4 (the upper energy of T + T neutrons) and 13 MeV (below the Doppler broadened 14.1 MeV peak) is proportional to the [pr] at the time of neutron production, This ratio does not depend upon the temperature of the fuel, as does the number of reaction-in-flight neutrons. The ratio of neutrons elastically scattered at a specific energy (e.g. 13 MeV) to the total number of neutrons Can he Measured along different lines of sight. The ratio of two perpendicular measurements provides a quantitative measure of [pr] asymmetry. A detector can be placed inside the target chamber to measure these low-energy neutrons, If it is close enough to the target that measurements are made before the 14 MeV neutrons reach the chamber wall, rays can be a negligible background. Calculated gamma ray and scattered neutron backgrounds from a cryogenic target support or a typical diagnostic instrument also do not calculate to pose a problem. A GaAs detector 2.5 in from the target in the NIF chamber appears to have enough sensitivity and sufficiently rapid time response to make this measurement. but measurement of a weak signal (similar to 1/1000) after a strong 14 MeV pulse needs to be tested (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ANSR Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. CEA, DAM Ile France, F-94680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-2,MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Houry, Michael/G-8021-2011; Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 488 IS 1-2 BP 400 EP 409 AR PII S0168-9002(02)00474-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)00474-6 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 589HD UT WOS:000177752000034 ER PT J AU Portillo, M Nolen, J Gomes, I Panteleev, VN Fedorov, DV Barzakh, AE Beznosjuk, VI Moroz, FV Orlov, SY Volkov, YM AF Portillo, M Nolen, J Gomes, I Panteleev, VN Fedorov, DV Barzakh, AE Beznosjuk, VI Moroz, FV Orlov, SY Volkov, YM TI Production of neutron-rich isotopes by one- and two-step processes in ISOL targets SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ONLINE; SEPARATION; IONIZATION; SYSTEMS AB The results are presented for an experiment that compares the difference between a one- and two-step reaction setup using 1 GeV protons. The rates of production from an on-line isotope separator target containing UCx are measured for isotopes in the neutron mass region of Rb and Cs. Some details about the measured results and predictions by the Monte Carlo models are discussed. The effects of the delayed release on the extracted efficiency are generalized using analytical models for application to a wide range of nuclear decay lifetimes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, IRIS, Gatchina 188350, Leningrad Distr, Russia. RP Portillo, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 203,Room H138,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Fedorov, Dmitry/C-9508-2014; OI Fedorov, Dmitry/0000-0002-8572-896X; Barzakh, Anatoly/0000-0002-2879-0169 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2002 VL 194 IS 2 BP 193 EP 206 AR PII S0168-583X(02)00672-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00672-9 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 584CT UT WOS:000177450200012 ER PT J AU Wagner, JC Sanders, CE AF Wagner, JC Sanders, CE TI Investigation of the effect of fixed absorbers on the reactivity of PWR spent nuclear fuel for burnup credit SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spent-fuel storage; burnup credit; burnable absorbers AB The effect of fixed absorbers on the reactivity of pressurized water reactor (PWR) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in support of burnup-credit criticality safety analyses is examined. A fuel assembly burned in conjunction with fixed absorbers may have a higher reactivity for a given burnup than an assembly that has not used fixed absorbers. As a result, guidance on burnup credit, issued by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Spent Fuel Project Office, recommends restricting the use of burnup credit to assemblies that have not used burnable absorbers. This recommendation eliminates a large portion of the currently discharged SNF from loading in burnup credit casks and thus severely limits the practical usefulness of burnup credit. Therefore, data are needed to support the extension of burnup credit to additional SNE. This research investigates the effect of various fixed absorbers, including integral burnable absorbers, burnable poison rods, control rods, and axial power shaping rods, on the reactivity of PWR SNE Trends in reactivity with relevant parameters (e.g., initial fuel enrichment, burnup and absorber type, exposure, and design) are established, and anticipated reactivity effects are quantified. Where appropriate, recommendations are offered for addressing the reactivity effects of the fixed absorbers in burnup-credit safely analyses. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NSTD, Nucl Anal Methods & Applicat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wagner, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NSTD, Nucl Anal Methods & Applicat Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wagner, John/K-3644-2015 OI Wagner, John/0000-0003-0257-4502 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 139 IS 2 BP 91 EP 126 PG 36 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 575FU UT WOS:000176936900001 ER PT J AU Loewen, EP Bonazza, R Corradini, ML Johannesen, RE AF Loewen, EP Bonazza, R Corradini, ML Johannesen, RE TI Fuel-coolant interactions: Visualization and mixing measurements SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fuel-coolant interaction; transient multiphase flow; imaging ID RADIOGRAPHY AB Dynamic X-ray imaging of fuel-coolant interactions (FCI), including quantitative measurement of fuel-coolant volume fractions and length scales, has been accomplished with a novel imaging system at the Nuclear Safety Research Center at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. The imaging system consists of visible-light high-speed digital video, low-energy X-ray digital imaging, and high-energy X-ray digital imaging subsystems. The data provide information concerning the melt jet velocity, melt jet configuration, melt volume fractions, void fractions, and spatial and temporal quantification of premixing length scales for a model fuel-coolant system of molten lead poured into a water pool (fuel temperatures 500 to 1000 K; jet diameters 10 to 30 mm; coolant temperatures 20 to 90degreesC). Overall results indicate that the FCI has three general regions of behavior, with the high fuel-coolant temperature region similar to what might be expected under severe accident conditions. It was observed that the melt jet leading edge has the highest void fraction and readily fragments into discrete masses, which then subsequently subdivide into smaller masses of length scales <10 mm. The intact jet penetrates <3 to 5 jet length/jet diameter before this breakup occurs into discrete masses, which continue to subdivide. Hydrodynamic instabilities can be visually identified at the leading edge and along the jet column with an interfacial region that consists of melt, vapor, and water. This interface region was observed to grow in size as the water pool temperature was increased, indicating mixing enhancement by boiling processes. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Loewen, EP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Mail Stop 3860,2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 139 IS 2 BP 127 EP 144 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 575FU UT WOS:000176936900002 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Rao, DV Letellier, B Bartlein, L Marshall, B AF Maji, AK Rao, DV Letellier, B Bartlein, L Marshall, B TI Transport characteristics of selected pressurized water reactor loca-generated debris SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insulation; debris; transport AB In the unlikely event of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in a pressurized water reactor, break jet impingement would dislodge thermal insulation from nearby, piping, as well as other materials within the containment, such as paint chips, concrete dust, and fire barrier materials. Steam/water flows induced by the break and by, the containment sprays would transport debris to the containment floor. Subsequently, debris would likely transport to and accumulate on the suction sump screens of the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) pumps, thereby potentially degrading ECCS performance and possibly even failing the ECCS. A systematic study was conducted on various types of fibrous and metallic foil debris to determine their transport in water. Test results reported include incipient movement, bulk movement, accumulation on a screen, the ability of debris to jump over 5-cm (2-in.) and 15-cm (6-in.) curbs, and the effects of accelerating flow and turbulence. These data are currently being used in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics modeling to determine the potential for each debris type to reach the suction screen. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, TSA 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 139 IS 2 BP 145 EP 155 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 575FU UT WOS:000176936900003 ER PT J AU Bajt, S Alameda, JB Barbee, TW Clift, WM Folta, JA Kaufmann, B Spiller, EA AF Bajt, S Alameda, JB Barbee, TW Clift, WM Folta, JA Kaufmann, B Spiller, EA TI Improved reflectance and stability of Mo-Si multilayers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multilayers; reflectance; interfaces; capping layers; oxidation resistance; extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY MIRRORS; MOLYBDENUM-SILICON MULTILAYERS; ENGINEERING TEST STAND; MO/BE MULTILAYER; MO/SI MULTILAYERS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; COATINGS; RADIATION; OPTICS AB Commercial EUV lithographic systems require multilayers with higher reflectance and better stability than those published to date. This work represents our effort to meet these specifications. Interface-engineered Mo-Si multilayers with 70% reflectance and 0.545-nm bandwidth at 13.5-nm wavelength and 71% reflectance with 0.49-nm bandwidth at 12.7-nm wavelength were developed. These results were achieved with 50 bilayers. These new multilayers consist of alternating Mo and Si layers separated by thin boron carbide layers. Depositing boron carbide on the interfaces leads to reduction in molybdenum silicide formation of the Mo-on-Si interfaces. Bilayer contraction is reduced by 30%, implying that there is less intermixing of Mo and Si to form silicide. As a result, the Mo-on-Si interfaces are sharper in interface-engineered multilayers than in standard Mo-Si multilayers. The optimum boron carbide thicknesses have been determined and appear to be different for the Mo-on-Si and Si-on-Mo interfaces. The best results were obtained With 0.4-nm-thick boron carbide layers for the Mo-on-Si interfaces and 0.25-nm-thick boron carbide layers for the Si-on-Mo interfaces. The increase in reflectance is consistent with multilayers having sharper and smoother interfaces. A significant improvement in oxidation resistance of EUV multilayers has been achieved with ruthenium-terminated Mo-Si multilayers. The best capping-layer design consists of a Ru layer separated from the top Si layer by a boron carbide diffusion barrier. This design achieves high reflectance and the best oxidation resistance during EUV exposure in a water-vapor (oxidizing) environment. Electron-beam exposures of 4.5 h (in an effort to simulate EUV exposure perturbation of the top layers) in the presence of 5 x 10(-7)-Torr water-vapor partial pressure show no measurable reflectance loss and no increase in the oxide thickness of Ru-terminated multilayers. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bajt, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 34 TC 129 Z9 136 U1 7 U2 46 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1797 EP 1804 DI 10.1117/1.1489426 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 587ED UT WOS:000177626800008 ER PT J AU Lopez, R Haynes, TE Boatner, LA Feldman, LC Haglund, RF AF Lopez, R Haynes, TE Boatner, LA Feldman, LC Haglund, RF TI Temperature-controlled surface plasmon resonance in VO2 nanorods SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; THIN-FILMS AB The optical properties Of VO2 nanoparticles formed in an amorphous SiO2 host by stoichiometric ion implantation of vanadium and oxygen and thermal annealing have been determined and correlated with the particle size and morphology. The results show that that the temperature-controlled semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of the VO2 nanophase precipitates turns on the classical surface plasmon resonance, with specific features that depend on the size and aspect ratio of the VO2 particles. This effect improves the optical contrast between the metallic and semiconducting states in the near-IR region of the spectrum as a result of dielectric confinement that is due to the SiO2 host. A fiber-optic application is demonstrated, as is the ability to control the characteristics of the phase transition by using ion implantation to dope the VO2 nanoparticles with tungsten or titanium ions. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Lopez, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lopez, Rene/G-3734-2014; Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Lopez, Rene/0000-0001-6274-066X; Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 17 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 39 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 15 BP 1327 EP 1329 DI 10.1364/OL.27.001327 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 576XX UT WOS:000177033400015 PM 18026439 ER PT J AU Williams, JJ Akinc, M AF Williams, JJ Akinc, M TI Oxidation resistance of Ti5Si3 and Ti(5)Si(3)Z(x) at 1000 degrees C (Z = C, N, or O) SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE oxidation resistance; oxidation kinetics; interstitial chemistry; titanium silicide; carbon additions ID INTERSTITIAL ADDITIONS; TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; TITANIUM SILICIDE AB The oxidation behavior of Ti5Si3+y (y=0 or 0.2) and Ti(5)Si(3)Z(x) (Z=C, N or O, x=0.25 or 0.5) was studied at 1000degreesC in air or argon-oxygen mixtures for up to 500 h. Ti5Si3 has poor oxidation resistance in air because of the formation of an oxide scale rich in rutile and subscale formation of TiN, TiSi, TiSi2 and Si. In contrast, Ti5Si3.2 has excellent oxidation resistance because of the formation of a silica scale. Samples with interstitial oxygen or nitrogen show only slight improvements in the early stages of oxidation, compared to Ti5Si3, which is in stark contrast to previous research. However, samples with interstitial carbon displayed excellent oxidation resistance at 1000degreesC, consistent with previous research. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM makinc@iastate.edu NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X EI 1573-4889 J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 71 AR UNSP 0030-770X/02/0800-0057/0 DI 10.1023/A:1016012507682 PG 15 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 567VT UT WOS:000176506700004 ER PT J AU Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF Wright, IG AF Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF Wright, IG TI Effect of cycle frequency on high-temperature oxidation behavior of alumina-forming alloys SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE alumina formers; cyclic testing; cycle frequency; testing method ID PROTECTIVE SCALE FORMATION; NI-BASE ALLOYS; AL-Y ALLOYS; FE-CR-AL; REACTIVE-ELEMENT; IRON ALUMINIDES; OXIDE SCALES; SULFUR REMOVAL; SPALLATION; SEGREGATION AB Cycle frequency affects both high-temperature oxidation behavior and the method in which the cyclic test is conducted. Several issues are discussed using examples taken from results for Ni-base and Fe-base, alumina-forming alloys. For alloys that form adherent scales, cycle frequency has little effect on results over extended test times ( greater than or equal to500 hr). When an alloy forms a less adherent scale, reducing the cycle time often has the expected effect of increasing the mass loss per unit exposure time; however, the opposite effect is observed in other cases. Low-frequency cycle experiments can be conducted with specimens contained in alumina crucibles. This has the important benefit of collecting the spalled oxide and measuring the "total" mass gain, equivalent to the metal wastage. However, higher-frequency-cyclic tests cannot be performed with crucibles because of the large thermal mass and thermal-shock problems of alumina crucibles. The test method and cycle frequency ultimately have a strong effect on lifetime predictions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Wright, Ian/A-8300-2008; Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; NR 63 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X EI 1573-4889 J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 101 AR UNSP 0030-770X/02/0800-0073/0 DI 10.1023/A:1016064524521 PG 29 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 567VT UT WOS:000176506700005 ER PT J AU Zeng, Z Natesan, K Maroni, VA AF Zeng, Z Natesan, K Maroni, VA TI Investigation of metal-dusting mechanism in Fe-base alloys using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE metal-dusting mechanism; carbon-defect structure; Raman spectra; SEM ID GRAPHITE; SPECTRA; CARBONS; FILMS; IRON; SCATTERING; KINETICS; STEELS AB The metal-dusting phenomenon, which is a metal loss process that occurs in hot reactive gases, was investigated in iron and certain iron-base alloys by Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM). Coke from metal dusting exhibits six Raman bands at 1330(D band), 1580(G band), 1617, 2685, 3920, and 3235 cm(-1). The bandwidths and the relative intensities of the 1330 and 1580 cm(-)1 bands are related to the crystallinity and defect structure of the coke. Both Raman and XRD analyses suggest that the metal-dusting process influences the catalytic crystallization of carbon. A new mechanism of metal dusting is, therefore, proposed, based on the premise that coke cannot crystallize well by deposition from carburizing gases at low temperature without catalytic activation because of its strong C-C bonds and high melting temperature. Cementite or iron participates in the coke-crystallizing process in a manner that tends to improve the crystallinity of the coke. At the same time, fine iron or cementite particles are liberated from the pure metal or alloys. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Natesan, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 39 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 22 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 170 AR UNSP 0030-770X/02/0800-0147/0 DI 10.1023/A:1016068625429 PG 24 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 567VT UT WOS:000176506700007 ER PT J AU Schuh, CA AF Schuh, CA TI Approaches to modelling chemically induced transformation superplasticity SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; INTERNAL-STRESS PLASTICITY; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; MISMATCH PLASTICITY; EUTECTIC COMPOSITES; THERMAL-STRESS; TITANIUM; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; HYDROGEN AB Transformation superplasticity is a Newtonian deformation mechanism observed when polymorphic materials are subjected to small external stresses during their phase transformation. Although mostly studied during thermal excursions, recent investigations have observed this mechanism during excursions in chemical composition in the Ti-H system. In this work, methodologies for modelling this so-called 'chemically induced transformation superplasticity' are discussed, simultaneously considering the kinetic moving-boundary diffusion problem associated with the titanium alpha-beta transformation, as well as the internal strains due to chemical swelling and the transformation. Two existing models, including, firstly, an analytical model for thermal-cycling-induced transformation superplasticity and, secondly, a numerical model for creep under conditions of chemical cycling, are adapted to the case of chemically induced transformation superplastieity. Both modelling approaches predict the main features of transformation superplasticity and are found to agree reasonably with the existing experimental data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schuh, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schuh, Christopher/C-7947-2009 NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 82 IS 12 BP 2441 EP 2459 DI 10.1080/01418610210144430 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 583HB UT WOS:000177400300004 ER PT J AU Sutherland, JC AF Sutherland, JC TI Biological effects of polychromatic light SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; DNA-DAMAGE; PHOTOBIOLOGY; QUANTITATION AB Predicting the effects of polychromatic light on biological systems is a central goal of environmental photobiology. If the dose-response function for a process is a linear function of the light incident on a system at each wavelength within the spectrum, the effect of a polychromatic spectrum is obtained by integrating the product of the cross section for the reaction at each wavelength and the spectral irradiance at that wavelength over both wavelength and time. This procedure cannot be used, however, if the dose-response functions for an effect are not linear functions of photon dose. Although many photochemical reactions are linear within the biologically relevant range of doses, many biological end points are not. I describe procedures for calculating the effects of polychromatic irradiations on systems that exhibit certain classes of dose-response functions, including power law responses typical of mutation induction and exponential dose-responses typical of cell survival. I also present an approach to predict the effects of polychromatic spectra on systems in which the ultraviolet components form pyrimidine dimers, and the longer-wavelength ultraviolet and visible components remove them by photoreactivation, thus generating complex dose-response functions for these coupled light-driven reactions. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutherland, JC (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0164:BEOPL>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 584AB UT WOS:000177443900007 PM 12194212 ER PT J AU Ferer, M Bromhal, GS Smith, DH AF Ferer, M Bromhal, GS Smith, DH TI Spatial distribution of avalanches in invasion percolation: their role in fingering SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE invasion percolation; flow in porous media; depinning transitions; self-organized criticality ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; POROUS-MEDIA; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB For two decades, invasion percolation (IP) has provided a simple model of 'drainage' where a non-wetting fluid is injected into a porous media saturated with a wetting fluid, in the limit where capillary forces dominate and viscous forces are negligible. IP produces a characteristic fingering with a fractal dimension close to that of ordinary critical percolation. Avalanches (also called 'bursts' or 'Haines jumps') have been observed. In this paper, we focus on the practical issues relating to the causes of the fingering and of the low saturations of injected fluid. We show that the saturation and the average position of the injected fluid exhibit standard fractal scaling behavior. However, the fractional flow of the injected fluid does not allow an average analysis because of the noise arising from the avalanches, even for the million site systems investigated in this paper. In studying the spatial distribution of these avalanches, we find a size cutoff depending upon the position of the avalanches; this is characteristic of the finite size of the system and signals that the systems have not achieved self-organized criticality. Furthermore, we show that the average size of these avalanches, (s(a)), increases with their average distance, (x), from the outlet as (s(a)) approximate to (x)(1.1). As a result, larger avalanches will tend to occur at the end of longer fingers causing preferential growth of the long fingers at the expense of the shorter fingers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Ferer, M (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 311 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 22 AR PII S0378-4371(02)00813-0 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(02)00813-0 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 580EV UT WOS:000177222900002 ER PT J AU Ziq, KA Salem, AF Finnemore, DK AF Ziq, KA Salem, AF Finnemore, DK TI Scaling of the flux pinning in La1.45Nd0.40Sr0.15CuO4 stripe phase superconductor SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Regional Conference on Magnetic and Superconducting Materials CY SEP 09-13, 2001 CL IRBID, JORDAN SP Yarmouk Univ DE superconductors; stripe phase; thermodynamic critical field AB Magnetization measurements for La1.45Nd0.40Sr0.15CuO4 single crystal have been performed in order to investigate the effects of spin-charge ordering on pinning and scaling behavior of J(c) and P-f. Despite the large differences in the irreversible fields along the ab-plane and the c-axis, the obtained values of H-c (hence the free energy) are basically similar. The maximum pinning forces obtained from the irreversible magnetization along c and in the ab-plane were found to scale with (H-c)(beta) for both crystallographic directions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Phys, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ziq, KA (reprint author), King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Phys, POB 1674, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. RI Salem, Ahmed/F-1038-2015 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD AUG PY 2002 VL 321 IS 1-4 BP 317 EP 319 AR PII S0921-4526(02)01030-X DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01030-X PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 594UW UT WOS:000178070400058 ER PT J AU Berenov, A Purnell, A Zhukov, A Malde, N Bugoslavsky, Y Cohen, LF MacManus-Driscoll, JL Foltyn, SJ Dowden, P AF Berenov, A Purnell, A Zhukov, A Malde, N Bugoslavsky, Y Cohen, LF MacManus-Driscoll, JL Foltyn, SJ Dowden, P TI Microstructural characterisation of high J(c), YBCO thick films grown at very high rates and high temperatures by PLD SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2001) CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL TECH UNIV DENMARK, LYNGBY, DENMARK SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Hans Christian Oersteds Fdn, Informat Soc Technologies, European Commiss, Nordic Superconductor Technologies, Scandinavian Airline Syst, Siemens Fdn, Danish Tech Res Council HO TECH UNIV DENMARK DE pulsed laser deposition; Raman spectroscopy; cation disorder ID DEPOSITION AB In order to achieve scalability in processing of MAD conductors for commercial applications, rapid YBCO film growth rates are required. In this work, scanning Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and, microwave surface resistance have been used to study high rate grown YBCO films, The films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on (1 0 0) SrTiO3, using a high power industrial laser at growth temperatures from 750 to 870 degreesC and growth rates up to 4 mum/min. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr High Templ Superconduct, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berenov, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr High Templ Superconduct, Dept Mat, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England. RI Berenov, Andrey/A-3020-2011 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 372 BP 683 EP 686 AR PII S0921-4534(02)00831-6 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)00831-6 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 593XB UT WOS:000178018800026 ER PT J AU Norton, DP Kim, K Christen, DK Budai, JD Sales, BC Chisholm, MF Kroeger, DM Goyal, A Cantoni, C AF Norton, DP Kim, K Christen, DK Budai, JD Sales, BC Chisholm, MF Kroeger, DM Goyal, A Cantoni, C TI (La,Sr)TiO3 as a conductive buffer for RABiTS coated conductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2001) CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL TECH UNIV DENMARK, LYNGBY, DENMARK SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Hans Christian Oersteds Fdn, Informat Soc Technologies, European Commiss, Nordic Superconductor Technologies, Scandinavian Airline Syst, Siemens Fdn, Danish Tech Res Council HO TECH UNIV DENMARK DE coated conductors; wires; epitaxial films; buffer layers ID FILMS AB We report on the epitaxial growth of LaTiO3 on biaxially textured (001) Ni, This investigation centers around the potential use of (La,Sr)TiO3, as a conductive buffer layer for subsequent growth of high temperature superconducting films for coated conductors. Epitaxy of LaTiO3 on Ni is achieved using pulsed-laser deposition. Excellent in-plane and out-of-plane alignment is confirmed via X-ray diffraction. For undoped LaTiO3 films, the oxide/metal interface is not stable against substrate oxidation, reflective of the propensity of LaTiO3 to accommodate excess oxygen ill the lattice. Future work will focus on Sr-doped LaTiO3 films as this should alleviate these limitations, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 100 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 372 BP 818 EP 820 AR PII S0921-4534(02)00915-2 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)00915-2 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 593XB UT WOS:000178018800059 ER PT J AU Balachandran, U Li, M Koritala, RE Fisher, BF Ma, B AF Balachandran, U Li, M Koritala, RE Fisher, BF Ma, B TI Development of YBCO-coated conductors for electric power applications SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2001) CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL TECH UNIV DENMARK, LYNGBY, DENMARK SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Hans Christian Oersteds Fdn, Informat Soc Technologies, European Commiss, Nordic Superconductor Technologies, Scandinavian Airline Syst, Siemens Fdn, Danish Tech Res Council HO TECH UNIV DENMARK DE YBCO-coated conductor; superconducting thin film; inclined-substrate deposition; MgO; biaxial texture ID DEPOSITION; MAGNESIUM AB Biaxially textured MgO template films have been fabricated on a Ni-based alloy substrate (Hastelloy C276) by inclined-substrate deposition (ISD). using electron beam evaporation, at the high deposition rate of 120-300 nm/min. Buffer films were subsequently deposited on these template films, and YBCO films were finally deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Crystal textures of the YBCO films were examined by X-ray pole figure, phi- and omega-scans analysis. Good in-plane and out-of-plane textures were observed. with MgO(0 0 2) phi-scan full-width-at-half-maxi mum (FWHM) of 10.0degrees and omega-scan FWHM of 5.5degrees, for a film deposited with an incline angle of 55degrees. YBCO films were epitaxially grown on ISD MgO-buffered Hastelloy C276 substrates by PLD. T, of 90 K with sharp transition and transport J(c) of approximate to1.4 x 10(5) A/cm(2) were obtained on a 0.5-mum-thick YBCO film at 77 K in zero field. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM balu@anl.gov RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 372 BP 869 EP 872 AR PII S0921-4534(02)00881-X DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)00881-X PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 593XB UT WOS:000178018800073 ER PT J AU Yuan, Y Williams, RK Jiang, J Larbalestier, DC Cai, XY Rikel, MO DeMoranville, KL Huang, Y Li, Q Thompson, E Riley, GN Hellstrom, EE AF Yuan, Y Williams, RK Jiang, J Larbalestier, DC Cai, XY Rikel, MO DeMoranville, KL Huang, Y Li, Q Thompson, E Riley, GN Hellstrom, EE TI Overpressure processing of Ag-sheathed (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox tapes SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2001) CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL TECH UNIV DENMARK, LYNGBY, DENMARK SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Hans Christian Oersteds Fdn, Informat Soc Technologies, European Commiss, Nordic Superconductor Technologies, Scandinavian Airline Syst, Siemens Fdn, Danish Tech Res Council HO TECH UNIV DENMARK DE BSCCO-2223; critical current density; overpressure processing ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; BI-2223 TAPES; THIN-FILMS; PERFORMANCE AB Heat treatments of monocore and multifilament Ag-sheathed 2223 tape were carried out using overpressure (OP) processing in a static and a flow OP system between 125 and 180 bar. Mass density measurements and microstructural observations of the oxide core show that OP processing densified the core, achieving up to 95 +/- 1% of the theoretical density. Our first runs in the flow OP system yielded J(c) as high as 41 kA/cm(2) (0 T, 77 K), which is 89%, of J(c) in a fully processed tape with an optimized conventional heat treatment, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Nexans SuperConductors, ChemiePk Knapsack, D-50351 Hurth, Germany. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Hellstrom, EE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008; Jiang, Jianyi/F-2549-2017; OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208; Jiang, Jianyi/0000-0002-1094-2013; Rikel, Mark/0000-0002-4537-0772 NR 8 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 372 BP 883 EP 886 AR PII S0921-4534(02)00927-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)00927-9 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 593XB UT WOS:000178018800077 ER PT J AU Berenov, A Farvacque, C Qi, X MacManus-Driscoll, JL McPhail, DS Foltyn, S AF Berenov, A Farvacque, C Qi, X MacManus-Driscoll, JL McPhail, DS Foltyn, S TI Ca doping of YBCO grain boundaries SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2001) CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL TECH UNIV DENMARK, LYNGBY, DENMARK SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Hans Christian Oersteds Fdn, Informat Soc Technologies, European Commiss, Nordic Superconductor Technologies, Scandinavian Airline Syst, Siemens Fdn, Danish Tech Res Council HO TECH UNIV DENMARK DE doping; SIMS; grain boundaries ID DIFFUSION AB Ca-gels were applied to highly dense YBCO pellets and PLD thin films followed by high temperature post-annealing. Parameters of Ca diffusion in YBCO (diffusion coefficients. activation energy, etc.) as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure were determined by depth profiling SIMS. Fast Ca diffusion along the grain boundaries was observed by FIB and SIMS. The effect of Ca doping on T-c and J(c) was studied by VSM. Ca distribution in the samples, induced by preferential diffusion along the grain boundaries, did not appear to change superconducting properties within the grains but showed increased J(c) across the grain boundaries. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berenov, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England. EM a.berenov@ic.ac.uk RI Berenov, Andrey/A-3020-2011; Qi, Xiaoding/O-9091-2015 OI Qi, Xiaoding/0000-0002-7105-1193 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 372 BP 1059 EP 1062 AR PII S0921-4534(02)00842-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)00842-0 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 593XB UT WOS:000178018800123 ER PT J AU Carrillo, AE Rodriguez, P Puig, T Palau, A Obradors, X Zheng, H Welp, U Chen, L Veal, BW Claus, H Crabtree, GW AF Carrillo, AE Rodriguez, P Puig, T Palau, A Obradors, X Zheng, H Welp, U Chen, L Veal, BW Claus, H Crabtree, GW TI Growth and microstructure of MTG REBa2Cu3O7/RE2 ' BaCuO5 with heavy rare earth elements SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2001) CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL TECH UNIV DENMARK, LYNGBY, DENMARK SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Hans Christian Oersteds Fdn, Informat Soc Technologies, European Commiss, Nordic Superconductor Technologies, Scandinavian Airline Syst, Siemens Fdn, Danish Tech Res Council HO TECH UNIV DENMARK DE YBCO; melt textured; growth; critical currents ID RE AB New melt textured REBa2Cu3O7/RE2'BaCuO5 composites, have been obtained by top seeding melt-texturing growth, Two different starting mixtures of REBa2Cu3O7 superconducting powders and insulating Y2BaCuO5 phase were used. On one hand RE is a natural mixture of heavy rare earth elements (Y, Yb, Lu. Er, Dy, Tm, Ho) extracted from the Brazilian mineral "Xenotime". and on the other hand, RE is thulium. In both cases melt textured REBa2Cu3O7/RE2'BaCuO5 composites have been obtained where RE and RE' are different mixtures of heavy rare earth/yttrium and Tm/yttrium. The composition analysis shows different areas within the RE2'BaCuO5 as a consequence of an inhomogeneous RE distribution, due to the differential solubility of each rare earth in the high temperature semisolid state. During the crystallization process a profound inversion of the rare earth composition between the superconducting matrix and the insulating precipitates occurs. Yttrium is selectively located in the 123 matrix and RE in the 211 particles. Heavy RE ions can substitute yttrium in MTG REBCO without degradation of the superconducting properties. A model for the crystallization process is proposed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Obradors, X (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RI Obradors, Xavier/A-8146-2012; Palau, Anna/C-2947-2014; Puig, Teresa/O-1077-2013 OI Palau, Anna/0000-0002-2217-164X; Puig, Teresa/0000-0002-1873-0488 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 372 BP 1119 EP 1122 AR PII S0921-4534(02)00863-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)00863-8 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 593XB UT WOS:000178018800138 ER PT J AU Andreone, A Cassinese, A Cantoni, C Di Gennaro, E Lamura, G Maglione, MG Paranthaman, M Salluzzo, M Vaglio, R AF Andreone, A Cassinese, A Cantoni, C Di Gennaro, E Lamura, G Maglione, MG Paranthaman, M Salluzzo, M Vaglio, R TI Study of the microwave electrodynamic response of MgB2 thin films SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2001) CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL TECH UNIV DENMARK, LYNGBY, DENMARK SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Hans Christian Oersteds Fdn, Informat Soc Technologies, European Commiss, Nordic Superconductor Technologies, Scandinavian Airline Syst, Siemens Fdn, Danish Tech Res Council HO TECH UNIV DENMARK DE MgB2 superconductor; thin films; microwave surface impedance ID SURFACE-RESISTANCE AB We present a study on the power dependence of the microwave surface impedance in thin films of the novel superconductor MgB2. 500 nm thick samples exhibiting critical temperatures ranging between 26 and 38 K are synthesized by an ex situ post-anneal of e-beam evaporated boron in the presence of an Mg vapor at 900 degreesC. Preliminary results on films grown in situ by a high rate magnetron sputtering technique from stoichiometric MgB2 and Mg targets are also reported. Microwave measurements have been carried out employing a dielectrically loaded niobium superconducting cavity operating at 19.8 GHz and 4 K. The study shows that the electrodynamic response of MgB2 films is presently dominated by extrinsic sources of dissipation, appearing already at low microwave power. likely to be ascribed to the presence of grain boundaries and normal inclusions in the samples. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, INFM, Fac Ingn, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Fac Ingn, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Andreone, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, INFM, Fac Ingn, Piazzale Tecchio 80, I-80125 Naples, Italy. RI salluzzo, marco/C-5919-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; antonio, cassinese/J-7274-2012; Di Gennaro, Emiliano/G-6311-2010; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI salluzzo, marco/0000-0001-8372-6963; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; antonio, cassinese/0000-0002-5866-223X; Di Gennaro, Emiliano/0000-0003-4231-9776; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 372 BP 1287 EP 1290 AR PII S0921-4534(02)00994-2 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)00994-2 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 593XB UT WOS:000178018800181 ER PT J AU Wolsky, AM AF Wolsky, AM TI The status and prospects for flywheels and SMES that incorporate HTS SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2001) CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL TECH UNIV DENMARK, LYNGBY, DENMARK SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Hans Christian Oersteds Fdn, Informat Soc Technologies, European Commiss, Nordic Superconductor Technologies, Scandinavian Airline Syst, Siemens Fdn, Danish Tech Res Council HO TECH UNIV DENMARK DE flywheel; SMES; energy storage; fluctuations; power quality monitoring; real-time prices ID LEVITATION AB With one firm offering to provide SMES with HTS current leads and several other entities developing flywheels with bearings that incorporate bulk ReBaCuO, the progress made toward meeting their technical goals appears promising. Another question needs attention from the research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) community: "Will technical success yield equipment that will sell?" Here, we recall what is being done and review issues touching on the specifications for equipment that customers might want. These specifications pose technical challenges that have received little attention from the community. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wolsky, AM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 372 BP 1495 EP 1499 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01057-2 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01057-2 PN 3 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 593XE UT WOS:000178019100049 ER PT J AU Suenaga, M AF Suenaga, M TI AC losses in stacked Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10/Ag tapes with different stacking arrangements SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2001) CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL TECH UNIV DENMARK, LYNGBY, DENMARK SP European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Hans Christian Oersteds Fdn, Informat Soc Technologies, European Commiss, Nordic Superconductor Technologies, Scandinavian Airline Syst, Siemens Fdn, Danish Tech Res Council HO TECH UNIV DENMARK DE AC losses; Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10/Ag tapes; AC magnetic fields AB AC losses in perpendicular applied magnetic fields were measured for stacks of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10/Ag tapes having two different tape-stacking arrangements, straight and staggered tapes. Although the losses were the same at high fields, (above full penetration fields), they were significantly different at low fields. Also, a comparison of the losses was made in single stacks with and without paper insulation between the tapes in the stacks while the heights of the stacks were kept the same. These results were qualitatively explained by considering the relative ease of the magnetic flux penetration into the tapes in the stacks. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Suenaga, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, POB 5000,Bldg 480,76 Cornell, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 372 BP 1730 EP 1733 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01112-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01112-7 PN 3 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 593XE UT WOS:000178019100102 ER PT J AU del-Castillo-Negrete, D Carreras, BA Lynch, V AF del-Castillo-Negrete, D Carreras, BA Lynch, V TI Front propagation and segregation in a reaction-diffusion model with cross-diffusion SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Latin American Workshop on Nonlinear Phenomena CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL COCOYOC, MEXICO DE reaction-diffusion; fronts; segregation; turbulent diffusion ID TRANSPORT; EQUATIONS; BARRIERS AB A study of front propagation and segregation in a system of reaction-diffusion equations with cross-diffusion is presented. The reaction models predator-prey dynamics involving two fields. The diffusive part is nonlinear in the sense that the diffusion coefficient, instead of being a constant as in the well-studied case, depends on one of the fields. A key element of the model is a cross-diffusion term according to which the flux of one of the fields is driven by gradients of the other field. The original motivation of the model was the study of the turbulence-shear flow interaction in plasmas. The model also bears some similarities with models used in the study of spatial segregation of interacting biological species. The system has three nontrivial fixed points, and a study of traveling fronts solutions joining these states is presented. Depending on the stability properties of the fixed points, the fronts are uniform or have spatial structure. In the latter case, a cross-diffusion-driven pattern-forming (k not equivalent to 0) instability leads to segregation in the wake of the front. The segregated state consists of layered structures. A Ginzburg-Landau amplitude equation is used to describe the dynamics near marginal stability. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP del-Castillo-Negrete, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012; OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636; del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X NR 15 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 168 BP 45 EP 60 AR PII S0167-2789(02)00494-3 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(02)00494-3 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 589GV UT WOS:000177751200006 ER PT J AU Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P Harris, CL Utter, SB AF Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P Harris, CL Utter, SB TI Krypton spectrum in the wavelength range 3450-3900 angstrom SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID BEAM ION-TRAP; ENERGY-LEVEL SCHEME; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; FORBIDDEN LINES; ATOMIC DATA; CONFIGURATION; KR; LIFETIMES; 3P4 AB Using a high-efficiency, high-resolution transmission grating spectrometer, we measured krypton spectra over the wavelength range 3450-3900 Angstrom in the low-energy electron beam ion trap EBIT-II at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In total, we analyzed 78 line features, of which only about 20 lines are listed in standard databases. Their wavelengths were determined with accuracy of 0.2-0.5 Angstrom. Different widths of lines from near-neutral and highly-ionized krypton atoms are attributed to ion motion and to the radial extent of the trapped-ion cloud. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.066a00133 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 585QN UT WOS:000177536200005 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Kamenev, DI Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Kamenev, DI Tsifrinovich, VI TI Stationary cantilever vibrations in oscillating-cantilever-driven adiabatic reversals: Magnetic-resonance-force-microscopy technique SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We consider theoretically the novel technique in magnetic-resonance-force microscopy that is called "oscillating-cantilever-driven adiabatic reversals." We present an analytical and numerical analysis for the stationary cantilever vibrations in this technique. For reasonable values of parameters, we estimate the resonant frequency shift as 6 Hz per the Bohr magneton. We analyze also the regime of small oscillations of the paramagnetic moment near the transversal plane and the frequency shift of the damped cantilever vibrations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 023405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.023405 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 591HA UT WOS:000177872600082 ER PT J AU Lamoreaux, SK AF Lamoreaux, SK TI Solid-state systems for the electron electric dipole moment and other fundamental measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLE MAGNETIC-FIELD; CR2O3 AB In 1968, Shapiro published the suggestion that one could search for an electron dipole moment (EDM) by applying a strong electric field to a substance that has an unpaired electron spin; at low temperature, the EDM interaction would lead to a net sample magnetization that can be detected with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. One experimental EDM search based on this technique was published, and for a number of reasons including high sample conductivity, high operating temperature, and limited SQUID technology, the result was not particularly sensitive compared to other experiments in the late 1970s. Advances in SQUID and conventional magnetometery led us to reconsider this type of experiment, which can be extended to searches and tests other than EDMs (e.g., test of Lorentz invariance). In addition, the complementary measurement of an EDM-induced sample electric polarization due to application of a magnetic field to a paramagnetic sample might be effective using modern ultrasensitive charge measurement techniques. A possible paramagnetic material is Gd-substituted yttrium iron garnet which has very low conductivity and a net enhancement (atomic enhancement times crystal screening) of order unity. Use of a reasonable volume (hundreds of cm(3)) sample of this material at 50 mK and 10 kV/cm might yield an EDM sensitivity of 10(-32) e cm or better, a factor of 10(5) improvement over current experimental limits. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lamoreaux, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 022109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.022109 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 591HA UT WOS:000177872600017 ER PT J AU Liu, J Fu, LB Ou, BY Chen, SG Choi, DI Wu, B Niu, Q AF Liu, J Fu, LB Ou, BY Chen, SG Choi, DI Wu, B Niu, Q TI Theory of nonlinear Landau-Zener tunneling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; BOSE; DYNAMICS; ATOMS AB We present a comprehensive analysis of the nonlinear Landau-Zener tunneling. We find characteristic scaling or power laws for the critical behavior that occurs as the nonlinear parameter equals to the gap of avoided crossing energy levels. For the nonlinear parameter larger than the energy gap, a closed-form solution is derived for the nonlinear tunneling probability, which is shown to be a good approximation to the exact solution for a wide range of the parameters. Finally, we discuss the experimental realization of the nonlinear model and possible observation of the scaling or power laws using a Bose-Einstein condensate in an accelerating optical lattice. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Beijing 100088, Peoples R China. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, POB 8009, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Wu, Biao/B-3329-2008; Niu, Qian/G-9908-2013 OI Wu, Biao/0000-0001-9229-5894; NR 23 TC 181 Z9 186 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 023404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.023404 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 591HA UT WOS:000177872600081 ER PT J AU Papenbrock, T Salgueiro, AN Weidenmuller, HA AF Papenbrock, T Salgueiro, AN Weidenmuller, HA TI Sympathetic cooling and growth of a Bose-Einstein condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM KINETIC-THEORY; MASTER EQUATION; ATOMS; GAS; PRESSURE AB We study two sets of rate equations for sympathetic cooling of harmonically trapped Bose gases. Calculations for mixtures of Na-Rb and Li-Cs show that both sets yield similar results for the cooling times. The equilibration rates are in fair agreement with each other and differ considerably from classical rates. The onset of Bose-Einstein condensation is rather sudden and nonexponential in time, and the growth of the condensate differs for the two different mixtures we studied. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Papenbrock, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 025603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.025603 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 591HA UT WOS:000177872600146 ER PT J AU Safronova, UI Johnson, WR Safronova, MS Albritton, JR AF Safronova, UI Johnson, WR Safronova, MS Albritton, JR TI Relativistic many-body calculations of excitation energies and transition rates in ytterbiumlike ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BE-LIKE IONS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; IR-VIII; OS-VII; HG-XI; AU-X; CONFIGURATIONS; STATES; PROBABILITIES; 5D(2) AB Excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and transition rates are calculated for (5d(2)+5d6s+6s(2))-(5d6p+5d5f+6s6p) electric dipole transitions in Yb-like ions with nuclear charges Z ranging from 72 to 100. Relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT), including the retarded Breit interaction, is used to evaluate retarded E1 matrix elements in length and velocity forms. The calculations start from a [Xe]4f(14) core Dirac-Fock potential. First-order RMBPT is used to obtain intermediate coupling coefficients, and second-order RMBPT is used to determine matrix elements. A detailed discussion of the various contributions to energy levels and dipole matrix elements is given for ytterbiumlike rhenium, Z=75. The resulting transition energies are compared with experimental values and with results from other recent calculations. Trends of excitation energies, line strengths, oscillator strengths, and transition rates as functions of nuclear charge Z are shown graphically for selected states and transitions. These calculations are presented as a theoretical benchmark for comparison with experiment and theory. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Safronova, UI (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, 225 Nieuwland Sci Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 022507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.022507 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 591HA UT WOS:000177872600051 ER PT J AU Snell, G Langer, B Young, AT Berrah, N AF Snell, G Langer, B Young, AT Berrah, N TI Spin-polarization measurements of the krypton M4,5NN and xenon N4,5OO Auger electrons: Orientation and intrinsic parameters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NOBLE-GAS ATOMS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; X-RAYS; POLARIZING UNDULATOR; CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTOIONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; 4D; DECAY; ALIGNMENT AB In the framework of the two-step model of Auger decay the orientation of the krypton 3d(-1) and xenon 4d(-1) primary hole states has been determined as a function of photon energy. This was achieved by carrying out spin-polarization measurements of the Kr M4,5N2,3N2,3 and Xe N4,5O2,3O2,3 Auger electrons after ionization of free atoms by circularly polarized synchrotron radiation of 130-530 eV photon energy. The orientation parameter is found to be strongly influenced by the Cooper minimum in the Xe 4d photoionization cross section as demonstrated by the comparison of the Kr and Xe data. Furthermore, the intrinsic parameters for all lines in the Kr M4,5N2,3N2,3 and Xe N4,5O2,3O2,3 Auger groups and for several lines in the Kr M4,5N1N2,3 Auger group were determined with high accuracy and are compared with previous experiments and calculations. We were also able to measure the spin polarization of most of the low kinetic-energy Kr M4,5NN and Xe N4,5OO lines, showing that the assignment of one of the lines should be revisited. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Born Inst Nichtlineare Opt & Kurzzeitspektros, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Snell, G (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RI Langer, Burkhard/A-6504-2013 NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 022701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.022701 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 591HA UT WOS:000177872600054 ER PT J AU Baier, F Schaefer, HE AF Baier, F Schaefer, HE TI Atomic vacancies in quasicrystals: Positron annihilation spectroscopy and time-differential dilatometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ICOSAHEDRAL QUASI-CRYSTALS; AL-CU-CO; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; FREE VOLUMES; DIFFUSION; TEMPERATURE; PHASE; MN-54; SYMMETRY AB For specific studies of atomic vacancies in quasicrystals the sensitive techniques of positron annihilation spectroscopy and time-differential dilatometry are employed. In the quasicrystals and approximants studied here, structural vacancies can be observed at ambient temperatures with atomic concentrations higher than 10(-4). With in situ measurements of the positron lifetime and of time-differential dilatometry after fast temperature changes at high temperatures on i-Al70.2Pd21.3Mn8.5 the formation and migration of thermal vacancies can be observed. We additionally demonstrate that the chemical environment of structural vacancies in i-Al70.2Pd21.3Mn8.5 at ambient temperatures is dominated by Al atoms. This is shown by the characteristic core electron momentum distribution as monitored by coincident Doppler broadening studies of the positron-electron annihilation photon line. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret & Appl Phys, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Baier, F (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret & Appl Phys, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.064208 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591ZM UT WOS:000177911700042 ER PT J AU Bennebroek, MT van Duijn-Arnold, A Schmidt, J Poluektov, OG Baranov, PG AF Bennebroek, MT van Duijn-Arnold, A Schmidt, J Poluektov, OG Baranov, PG TI Self-trapped hole in silver chloride crystals: A pulsed EPR/ENDOR study at 95 GHz SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AGCL; HALIDES; SPECTROSCOPY AB A high-frequency electron nuclear double-resonance study of the self-trapped hole in silver chloride is presented. The data provide direct information about the spatial distribution of the unpaired electron at the silver and chlorine sites and of the electrical field gradient distribution at the chlorine sites of the self-trapped hole. The wave function of the self-trapped hole is shown to be essentially located in the plane perpendicular to the elongation axis. In general our results show that the hole is distributed on Ag (similar to30%) and Cl (similar to70%) sublattices and confirm the admixture of 4d (Ag+) and 3p (Cl-) wave functions at the valence band maximum. Information about the geometric structure of the self-trapped hole is obtained which confirms that the self-trapping of holes in silver chloride at low temperatures results from a "bare" Jahn-Teller distortion, not accompanied by a vacancy or impurity. C1 Leiden Univ, Ctr Study Excited States Mol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Bennebroek, MT (reprint author), Philips Res Labs, Prof Hostlaan 4, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven, Netherlands. RI Baranov, Pavel/D-6824-2014 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054305 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000064 ER PT J AU Betts, JB Migliori, A Boebinger, GS Ledbetter, H Galli, F Mydosh, JA AF Betts, JB Migliori, A Boebinger, GS Ledbetter, H Galli, F Mydosh, JA TI Complete elastic tensor across the charge-density-wave transition in monocrystal Lu5Ir4Si10 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION AB We report resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) measurements of a monocrystal of Lu5Ir4Si10 from 2 to 300 K. We observe a large, anisotropic hysteretic stiffening of the elastic tensor on cooling below T-CDW at 80 K, consistent with a commensurate charge-density wave (CDW), and inconsistent with a second-order phase transition. Therefore, the transition must be first order, and hence coupled strongly to the lattice. Although the c axis is the CDW propagation direction, from RUS it appears that the CDW must derive most of the c-axis modulation by assembling it from lateral charge transfer in the a-b plane. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Betts, JB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 060106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.060106 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591ZM UT WOS:000177911700006 ER PT J AU Christianson, AD Lacerda, AH Hundley, MF Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL AF Christianson, AD Lacerda, AH Hundley, MF Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL TI Magnetotransport of CeRhIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION COMPOUNDS; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; HAAS-VAN-ALPHEN; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ANISOTROPIC TRANSPORT; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PRESSURE; RESISTIVITY; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB We report measurements of the temperature-dependent anisotropic resistivity and in-plane magnetoresistance on single crystals of the tetragonal heavy-fermion antiferromagnet (T-N=3.8 K) CeRhIn5. The measurements are reported in the temperature range 1.4-300 K and in magnetic fields to 18 T. The resistivity is moderately anisotropic, with a room-temperature c-axis to in-plane resistivity ratio rho(c)/rho(a)(300 K)=1.7. rho(T) measurements on the nonmagnetic analog LaRhIn5 indicate that the anisotropy in the CeRhIn5 resistivity stems predominantly from anisotropy in Kondo-derived magnetic scattering. In the magnetically ordered regime, an applied field H reduces T-N only slightly due to the small ordered moment (0.37mu(B)) and magnetic anisotropy. The magnetoresistance (MR) below T-N is positive and shows little sign of saturating in fields to 18 T. In the paramagnetic state, a positive MR is present below 7.5 K, while a high-field negative contribution is evident at higher temperatures. The positive contribution decreases in magnitude with increasing temperature. Above 40 K the positive contribution is no longer observable, and the MR is negative. The low-T positive MR results from interactions with the Kondo-coherent state, while the high-T negative MR stems from single-impurity effects. In general, these results indicate that CeRhIn5 exhibits a modest degree of transport anisotropy not atypical among heavy-fermion compounds. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Christianson, AD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016 OI christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884 NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054410 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000075 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Baca, JA Dai, PC Kawano-Furukawa, H Yoshizawa, H Plummer, EW Katano, S Tomioka, Y Tokura, Y AF Fernandez-Baca, JA Dai, PC Kawano-Furukawa, H Yoshizawa, H Plummer, EW Katano, S Tomioka, Y Tokura, Y TI Microscopic spin interactions in colossal magnetoresistance manganites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; PHASE SEGREGATION; MAGNETIC INHOMOGENEITY; DOPED MANGANITES; PR0.7CA0.3MNO3; LA1-XCAXMNO3; SEPARATION; COEXISTENCE AB Using inelastic neutron scattering we measured the microscopic magnetic coupling associated with the ferromagnetic clusters of the "colossal magnetoresistance" compound Pr0.70Ca0.30MnO3. When the insulating-to-metal (I-M) transition is induced by an external magnetic field there is a discontinuous change in the spin-wave stiffness constant. This result implies that the I-M transition is not achieved by the simple percolation of micron-sized metallic clusters as currently believed, but involves a first-order transformation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Ochanomizu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1128610, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Scattering Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. JRCAT, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050046, Japan. CERC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Fernandez-Baca, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/M-7695-2016; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/M-7646-2016 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/0000-0003-4713-3727; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/0000-0003-4713-3727 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054434 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000099 ER PT J AU Hatano, N Gubernatis, JE AF Hatano, N Gubernatis, JE TI Evidence for the double degeneracy of the ground state in the three-dimensional +/- J spin glass SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MULTICANONICAL MONTE-CARLO; REPLICA SYMMETRY-BREAKING; DROPLET PICTURE; MEAN-FIELD; NUMERICAL EVIDENCE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; AGING DYNAMICS; ORDERED PHASE; MODEL; ENSEMBLE AB A bivariate version of the multicanonical Monte Carlo method and its application to the simulation of the three-dimensional +/-J Ising spin glass are described. We found that the autocorrelation time associated with this particular multicanonical method was approximately proportional to the system volume, which is a great improvement over previous methods applied to spin-glass simulations. The principal advantage of this version of the multicanonical method, however, was its ability to access information predictive of low-temperature behavior. At low temperatures we found results on the three-dimensional +/-J Ising spin glass consistent with a double degeneracy of the ground state: the order-parameter distribution function P(q) converged to two delta-function peaks and the Binder parameter approached unity as the system size was increased. With the same density of states used to compute these properties at low temperature, we found their behavior changing as the temperature is increased toward the spin-glass transition temperature. Just below this temperature, the behavior is consistent with the standard mean-field picture that has an infinitely degenerate ground state. Using the concept of zero-energy droplets, we also discuss the structure of the ground-state degeneracy. The size distribution of the zero-energy droplets was found to produce the two delta-function peaks of P(q). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. RP Hatano, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hatano@phys.aoyama.ac.jp RI Hatano, Naomichi/K-8176-2012 OI Hatano, Naomichi/0000-0003-0277-1856 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054437 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054437 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000102 ER PT J AU Hiess, A Heffner, RH Sonier, JE Lander, GH Smith, JL Cooley, JC AF Hiess, A Heffner, RH Sonier, JE Lander, GH Smith, JL Cooley, JC TI Neutron elastic and inelastic scattering investigations of U0.965Th0.035Be13 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RESPONSE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; U1-XTHXBE13; UBE13 AB Single crystals of the heavy-fermion superconductor UBe13 doped with 3.5% Th have been studied by neutron scattering techniques. This material undergoes two superconducting transitions at T(c1)congruent to0.55 and T(c2)congruent to0.40 K. Using elastic neutron scattering we found no evidence for either short- or long-range magnetic order down to temperatures of 0.15 K. Similarly, exhaustive scans at reasonably high values of the momentum transfer found no evidence of a recently predicted internal lattice rearrangement of the Be nuclei at low temperatures. However, using neutron inelastic scattering we did find weak signals with a propagation direction q=<0.5 0.5 0>, indicating antiferromagnetic fluctuations that are short range in real space, and are also short lived. These correlations disappear only above about 30 K, similar to effects found in pure UBe13. They also show no variation on passing through T-c. C1 Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. European Commiss, JRC, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Hiess, A (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, BP 156, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064531 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.064531 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591ZM UT WOS:000177911700120 ER PT J AU Jung, MH Harrison, N Lacerda, AH Nakotte, H Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD AF Jung, MH Harrison, N Lacerda, AH Nakotte, H Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD TI Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in a single crystal of CeNiGe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; HEAT-CAPACITY; CE; TEMPERATURE; CEPTSI2; SYSTEM AB We report measurements on single crystals of orthorhombic CeNiGe2, which is found to exhibit highly anisotropic magnetic and transport properties. The magnetization ratio M(Hparallel tob)/M(Hperpendicular tob) at 2 K is observed to be about 18 at 4 T and the electrical resistivity ratio rho(parallel tob)/rho(perpendicular tob) is about 70 at room temperature. It is confirmed that CeNiGe2 undergoes a two-step antiferromagnetic transition at 4 and 3 K, as reported for polycrystalline samples. The application of magnetic field along the b axis (the easy magnetization axis) stabilizes a ferromagnetic correlation between the Ce ions and enhances the hopping of carriers. This results in large negative magnetoresistance along the b axis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab Pulse Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Jung, MH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab Pulse Facil, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054420 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000085 ER PT J AU Kang, HJ Dai, PC Mandrus, D Jin, R Mook, HA Adroja, DT Bennington, SM Lee, SH Lynn, JW AF Kang, HJ Dai, PC Mandrus, D Jin, R Mook, HA Adroja, DT Bennington, SM Lee, SH Lynn, JW TI Doping evolution of the phonon density of states and electron-lattice interaction in Nd2-xCexCuO4+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C; ANOMALOUS-DISPERSION; COPPER-OXIDE; LINE-SHAPE; LO PHONONS; OF-STATES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4; ENERGY AB We use inelastic neutron scattering to study the evolution of the generalized phonon density of states (GDOS) of the n-type high-T-c superconductor Nd2-xCexCuO4+delta, from the half-filled Mott-insulator (x=0) to the T-c=24 K superconductor (x=0.15). Upon doping the CuO2 planes in Nd2CuO4+delta with electrons by Ce substitution, the most significant change in the GDOS is the softening of the highest phonon branches associated with the Cu-O bond stretching and out-of-plane oxygen vibration modes. However, most of the softening occurs within the first few percent of Ce doping, and is not related to the electron-doping-induced nonsuperconducting-superconducting transition at xapproximate to0.12. These results suggest that the electron-lattice coupling in the n-type high-T-c superconductors is weaker than that in the p-type materials. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.064506 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591ZM UT WOS:000177911700095 ER PT J AU Kang, JS Haffner, S Olson, CG Kim, JH Maple, MB Kwon, SK Min, BI AF Kang, JS Haffner, S Olson, CG Kim, JH Maple, MB Kwon, SK Min, BI TI Resonant photoemission spectroscopy of the quenched superconductivity system: Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; UNTWINNED PRBA2CU3O7; CUO2 PLANE; SPECTRA; STATE AB The electronic structures of the quenched superconductivity system Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-delta (YPrBCO; x=0, 0.4, 0.8) have been investigated by resonant photoemission spectroscopy (PES) measurements near the Pr 4d-->4f absorption edge. With increasing x, PES data exhibit a binding-energy shift away from E-F. The fine structures of YPrBCO (x=0.8) are very similar to those of trivalent PrF3, providing evidence that Pr ions in YPrBCO are predominantly in Pr 3+ states. Comparison of the PES spectra of YPrBCO with x=0.8 to the electronic structure for PrBa2Cu3O7 obtained by using the local spin-density functional approximation incorporating the Coulomb correlation shows good agreement in the bandwidths and the peak positions of the Cu d and O p states. C1 Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Kang, JS (reprint author), Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 052503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.052503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000034 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Rhee, JY Harmon, BN AF Lee, Y Rhee, JY Harmon, BN TI Generalized susceptibility of the magnetic shape-memory alloy Ni2MnGa SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FERROMAGNETIC NI2MNGA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; PREMARTENSITIC TRANSITION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; NI2+XMN1-XGA; TEMPERATURE; ENERGIES; FIELD AB We have investigated the generalized susceptibility chi(q) and Fermi-surface-nesting of the ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy Ni2MnGa. As the temperature is lowered below the Curie point, a premartensitic transformation takes place when the magnetization reaches about 84% of its T=0 saturated value. We show that the spin-split band structure near this magnetization gives rise in chi(q) to a prominent peak at q=(1/3, 1/3,0)(2pi/a), corresponding to the experimentally observed wave vector for the premartensitic phase. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hoseo Univ, Dept Phys, Asan 336795, Choongnam, South Korea. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Rhee, Joo/D-2987-2011 NR 33 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054424 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000089 ER PT J AU Luban, M Borsa, F Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC Jun, S Jung, JK Kogerler, P Mentrup, D Muller, A Modler, R Procissi, D Suh, BJ Torikachvili, M AF Luban, M Borsa, F Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC Jun, S Jung, JK Kogerler, P Mentrup, D Muller, A Modler, R Procissi, D Suh, BJ Torikachvili, M TI Heisenberg spin triangles in {V-6}-type magnetic molecules: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; H-1-NMR; RINGS AB We report the results of systematic experimental and theoretical studies of two closely related species of magnetic molecules of the type {V-6}, where each molecule includes a pair of triangles of exchange-coupled vanadyl (VO2+, spin s=1/2) ions. The experimental studies include the temperature dependence of the low-field susceptibility from room temperature down to 2 K, the dependence of the magnetization on magnetic field up to 60 T for several low temperatures, the temperature dependence of the magnetic contribution to the specific heat, and the H-1 and Na-23 nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation rates 1/T-1. This body of experimental data is accurately reproduced for both compounds by a Heisenberg model for two identical uncoupled triangles of spins; in each triangle, the spins interact via isotropic antiferromagnetic exchange, where two of the three V-V interactions have exchange constants that are equal and an order of magnitude larger than the third; the ground-state eigenfunction has total spin quantum number S=1/2 for magnetic fields below a predicted critical field H(c)approximate to74 T and S=3/2 for fields above H-c. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Electromagnet Metrol, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Univ Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Luban, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM luban@ameslab.gov RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Jun, Suckjoon/K-9008-2015; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Jun, Suckjoon/0000-0002-0139-4297; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 20 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054407 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000072 ER PT J AU Minich, RW Schuh, CA Kumar, M AF Minich, RW Schuh, CA Kumar, M TI Role of topological constraints on the statistical properties of grain boundary networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALS AB Grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials form a topological network that evolves under dynamic processing conditions. Recent experimental results for a number of different materials have demonstrated that the statistical distribution of triple junction types (or node types) in polycrystals is highly nonrandom. These observations point to the critical role of local crystallographic constraints on the topology and evolution of grain boundary networks. Here we demonstrate that, within the context of percolation theory, a realistic local constraint applied at each junction can strongly influence the topology of networks in general. In the specific case of grain boundary networks, such constraint can account for the experimentally observed deviations from the random case. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Minich, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schuh, Christopher/C-7947-2009 NR 13 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 052101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.052101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000001 ER PT J AU Noheda, B Wu, L Zhu, Y AF Noheda, B Wu, L Zhu, Y TI Low-temperature superlattice in monoclinic PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; FERROELECTRIC PEROVSKITE; PB(ZR1-XTIX)O-3 ALLOYS; COMPLEX PEROVSKITES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHASE; PBZR1-XTIXO3; STABILITY AB Transmission-electron microscopy has shown that the strongly piezoelectric material PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 separates into two phases at low temperatures. The majority phase is the monoclinic phase previously found by x-ray diffraction. The minority phase, with a nanoscale coherence length, is a slightly distorted variant of the first resulting from the antiphase rotation of the oxygen octahedra about [111]. This work clears up a recent controversy about the origin of superlattice peaks in these materials, and supports recent theoretical results predicting the coexistence of ferroelectric and rotational instabilities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Free Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM noheda@nat.vu.nl NR 25 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 060103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.060103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591ZM UT WOS:000177911700003 ER PT J AU Noheda, B Cox, DE Shirane, G Gao, J Ye, ZG AF Noheda, B Cox, DE Shirane, G Gao, J Ye, ZG TI Phase diagram of the ferroelectric relaxor (1-x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-xPbTiO(3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MONOCLINIC PHASE; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PEROVSKITE; BOUNDARY; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURES; PBZR1-XTIXO3 AB Synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction measurements have been performed on unpoled ceramic samples of (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3) (PMN-xPT) with 30%less than or equal toxless than or equal to39% as a function of temperature around the morphotropic phase boundary, which is the line separating the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in the phase diagram. The experiments have revealed very interesting features previously unknown in this or related systems. The sharp and well-defined diffraction profiles observed at high and intermediate temperatures in the cubic and tetragonal phases, respectively, are in contrast to the broad features encountered at low temperatures. These peculiar characteristics, which are associated with the monoclinic phase of M-C-type previously reported by Kiat [Phys. Rev. B 65, 064106 (2000)] and Singh and Pandey [J. Phys. Condens Matter 13, L931 (2001)], can only be interpreted as multiple coexisting structures with M-C as the major component. An analysis of the diffraction profiles has allowed us to properly characterize the PMN-xPT phase diagram and to determine the stability region of the monoclinic phase, which extends from x=31% to x=37% at 20 K. The complex lansdcape of observed phases points to an energy balance between the different PMN-xPT phases which is intrinsically much more delicate than that of related systems such as PbZr1-xTixO3 or (1-x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb1/3)O-3-xPbTiO(3). These observations are in good accord with an optical study of x=33% by Xu [Phys. Rev. B 64, 020102 (2001)], who observed monoclinic domains with several different polar directions coexisting with rhombohedral domains, in the same single crystal. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Vrije Univ Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM noheda@nat.vu.nl NR 35 TC 540 Z9 551 U1 20 U2 192 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054104 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000049 ER PT J AU Novosad, V Grimsditch, M Guslienko, KY Vavassori, P Otani, Y Bader, SD AF Novosad, V Grimsditch, M Guslienko, KY Vavassori, P Otani, Y Bader, SD TI Spin excitations of magnetic vortices in ferromagnetic nanodots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOT ARRAYS; NANOMAGNETS; MICROSCOPY; NANODISKS AB Spin excitations of the magnetic vortex state in ferromagnetic nanodots are measured using Brillouin light scattering. Arrays of permalloy dots with 800-nm diameter and 60-nm thickness were fabricated by means of electron beam lithography and lift-off procedures. Two excitation modes are observed experimentally in the vortex state. One mode, at similar to12 GHz, decreases slightly in frequency to 11 GHz as an in-plane magnetic field is applied. The lower mode, at similar to8 GHz, is almost independent of applied field strength. Numerical and analytical calculations of the dynamic magnetization based on the Landau-Lifshitz equation of motion allows us to identify the higher and lower frequency modes as corresponding to dipole-dominated spin excitations localized inside the dot and at the dot edges, respectively. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Seagate Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. Univ Ferrara, INFM, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RIKEN, Frontier Res Syst, Wako, Saitama, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, Tokyo, Japan. RP Novosad, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; OTANI, Yoshichika/I-5884-2012; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; Vavassori, Paolo/B-4299-2014 OI OTANI, Yoshichika/0000-0001-8008-1493; Vavassori, Paolo/0000-0002-4735-6640 NR 23 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 052407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.052407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000018 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JL Hamilton, AR Clark, RG Mielke, CH Smith, JL Cooley, JC Rickel, DG Starrett, RP Reilly, DJ Lumpkin, NE Hanrahan, RJ Hults, WL AF O'Brien, JL Hamilton, AR Clark, RG Mielke, CH Smith, JL Cooley, JC Rickel, DG Starrett, RP Reilly, DJ Lumpkin, NE Hanrahan, RJ Hults, WL TI Magnetic susceptibility of the normal-superconducting transition in high-purity single-crystal alpha-uranium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; CANTILEVER MAGNETOMETRY; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; HEAT-CAPACITY; FIELDS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; METAL AB We report complex ac magnetic susceptibility measurements of a superconducting transition in very high-quality single-crystal alpha-uranium using microfabricated coplanar magnetometers. We identify an onset of superconductivity at Tapproximate to0.7 K in both the real and imaginary components of the susceptibility which is confirmed by resistivity data. A superconducting volume fraction argument, based on a comparison with a calibration YBa2Cu3O7-delta sample, indicates that superconductivity in these samples may be filamentary. Our data also demonstrate the sensitivity of the coplanar micro-magnetometers, which are ideally suited to measurements in pulsed magnetic fields exceeding 100 T. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM job@physics.uq.edu.au RI O'Brien, Jeremy/A-6290-2008; Hamilton, Alex/A-5639-2011; Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013; Reilly, David/N-8448-2015; OI Hamilton, Alex/0000-0001-7484-3738; O'Brien, Jeremy/0000-0002-3576-8285 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.064523 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591ZM UT WOS:000177911700112 ER PT J AU Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Curro, NJ Thompson, JD Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Christianson, AD Lacerda, AH Light, BE Cornelius, AL AF Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Curro, NJ Thompson, JD Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Christianson, AD Lacerda, AH Light, BE Cornelius, AL TI Ce-site dilution studies in the antiferromagnetic heavy fermions CemRhnIn3m+2n (m=1, 2;n=0,1) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HAAS-VAN-ALPHEN; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; LIQUID BEHAVIOR; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CERHIN5; CEIN3; ORDER AB We report magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and low-temperature heat capacity data for La-doped CemRhnIn3m+2n (m=1, 2; n=0,1) antiferromagnetic heavy-fermion compounds. Antiferromagnetism is smoothly suppressed by La doping and T-N extrapolates to zero at x(c)approximate to40% for the m=1, 2; n=1 tetragonal variants and at x(c)approximate to65% for cubic CeIn3. Our results are discussed in terms of the quasi-two-dimensional character of CeRhIn5 and Ce2RhIn8 as compared to their cubic relative CeIn3. For CeRhIn5, short-range magnetic order and non-Fermi-liquid behavior are observed for higher La concentration. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Pagliuso, PG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054433 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054433 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000098 ER PT J AU Petrovic, C Bud'ko, SL Kogan, VG Canfield, PC AF Petrovic, C Bud'ko, SL Kogan, VG Canfield, PC TI Effects of La substitution on the superconducting state of CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL FIELDS; UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HIGH-PRESSURE; CECU2SI2; CERHIN5; CEIRIN5; UPT3; NMR AB We report the effects of La substitution on the superconducting state of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5, as seen in transport and magnetization measurements. As opposed to the case of conventional superconductors, pair breaking by nonmagnetic La results in the depression of T-c and indicates a strong gap anisotropy. The upper critical field H-c2 values decrease with increased La concentration, but the critical field anisotropy, gamma=H-c2(a)/H-c2(c), does not change in Ce1-xLaxCoIn5 (x=0-0.15). The electronic system is in the clean limit for all values of x. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Petrovic, C (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; NR 32 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054534 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054534 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000140 ER PT J AU Skripov, AV Soloninin, AV Sibirtsev, DS Buzlukov, AL Stepanov, AP Balbach, JJ Conradi, MS Barnes, RG Hempelmann, R AF Skripov, AV Soloninin, AV Sibirtsev, DS Buzlukov, AL Stepanov, AP Balbach, JJ Conradi, MS Barnes, RG Hempelmann, R TI Sc-45 NMR and high-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering studies of localized H(D) motion in alpha-ScHx(D-x) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; METAL-HYDROGEN SYSTEMS; SCANDIUM; DIFFUSION; DEUTERIUM; PROTON AB Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of the Sc-45 spin-lattice relaxation rates in the solid solutions alpha-ScD0.05, alpha-ScD0.22, and alpha-ScH0.27 have been performed over the temperature range 4.2-299 K and the resonance frequency range 11-86.2 MHz. For all of the samples studied, the Sc-45 relaxation rate shows a peak near 100 K resulting from the electric quadrupole interaction modulated by localized hopping of H(D) atoms. In addition to the strong effect of isotope (H<->D) substitution on the amplitude of this peak, with a larger peak appearing in the deuterides, we have found that in the region of the peak, the frequency dependence of the Sc-45 relaxation rate for alpha-ScH0.27 is much weaker than for alpha-ScDx. These results indicate that the hopping rate distribution for H atoms in scandium is shifted to much higher frequencies from that for D atoms. The results of our high-resolution quasielastic neutron-scattering measurements on alpha-ScH0.27 in the temperature range 12-302 K are consistent with this conclusion. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Saarland, Inst Chem Phys, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. RI Buzlukov, Anton/J-8078-2013; Soloninin, Alexey/J-8580-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Buzlukov, Anton/0000-0002-2728-0503; Soloninin, Alexey/0000-0001-7127-9641; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 054306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.054306 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000065 ER PT J AU Spezzani, C Torelli, P Sacchi, M Delaunay, R Hague, CF Salmassi, F Gullikson, EM AF Spezzani, C Torelli, P Sacchi, M Delaunay, R Hague, CF Salmassi, F Gullikson, EM TI Hysteresis curves of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order in metallic multilayers by resonant x-ray scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC SCATTERING; CO/CU MULTILAYERS; EXCHANGE SCATTERING; 2P EDGES; NI; POLARIZATION; REFLECTIVITY; LAYERS; FILMS AB We have measured field-dependent resonant magnetic scattering of soft x rays from a Co/Cu multilayer exhibiting giant magnetoresistance. We show that, choosing the appropriate experimental geometries, one can draw hysteresis loops of antiferromagnetic as well as ferromagnetic order. C1 Ctr Univ Paris Sud, Utilisat Rayonnement Electromagnet Lab, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Chim Phys & Rayonnement, UMR 7614, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr X Ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spezzani, C (reprint author), Ctr Univ Paris Sud, Utilisat Rayonnement Electromagnet Lab, BP 34, F-91898 Orsay, France. RI Torelli, Piero /F-8940-2010; OI TORELLI, PIERO/0000-0001-9300-9685 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 052408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.052408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000019 ER PT J AU Trinkaus, H Heinisch, HL Barashev, AV Golubov, SI Singh, BN AF Trinkaus, H Heinisch, HL Barashev, AV Golubov, SI Singh, BN TI 1D to 3D diffusion-reaction kinetics of defects in crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; INTERSTITIAL CLUSTERS; DISLOCATION LOOPS; PRODUCTION BIAS; METALS; ACCUMULATION; SIMULATION; TRANSIENT; EVOLUTION; MOBILITY AB Microstructural features evolving in crystalline solids from diffusion-reaction kinetics of mobile components depend crucially on the dimension of the underlying diffusion process which is commonly assumed to be three-dimensional (3D). In metals, irradiation-induced displacement cascades produce clusters of self-interstitials performing 1D diffusion. Changes between equivalent 1D diffusion paths and transversal diffusion result in diffusion-reaction kinetics between one and three dimensions. An analytical approach suggests a single-variable function (master curve) interpolating between the 1D and 3D limiting cases. The analytical result is fully confirmed by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249020, Russia. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 060105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.060105 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591ZM UT WOS:000177911700005 ER PT J AU Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM TI Structures, energetics, and effects of stacking faults in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; AB-INITIO; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TRANSITION; FIELD; WIRES AB We investigate the structure, energetics, and effects of stacking faults in MgB2 by means of first-principles density-functional calculations. Two structurally different stacking faults were determined with displacements of R=[0 1/2 0] and [2/3, 1/3 0], and formation energies calculated to be 956 and 932 erg/nm(2), respectively. Significant expansions were found at both stacking faults. The partial density of states showed that the B atoms in these stacking faults present large reductions in the density of states around the Fermi energy. However, due to their low density, these stacking faults may not cause a significant decrease of the transition temperature of MgB2. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 AR 052502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.052502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591HE UT WOS:000177873000033 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX Ting, CS Balatsky, AV AF Zhu, JX Ting, CS Balatsky, AV TI Single impurity effects in the mixed state of d-wave superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONSISTENT ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPE; QUASI-PARTICLE SPECTRA; T-J MODEL; II SUPERCONDUCTOR; VORTEX LINE; LOCAL-DENSITY; BOUND-STATES; CORE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA AB The effects of a single impurity in the mixed state of a d-wave superconductor is studied by solving the lattice Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations self-consistently. The mechanism for the vortex pinning by the impurity is carefully elucidated. It is shown that the impurity sitting at the core center is not repulsive to the vortex core states and the zero-energy resonant state induced by itself is still visible in the local quasiparticle spectrum. The calculated imaging shows a fourfold "star" shape of the local density of states whose orientation is energy dependent. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.064509 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 591ZM UT WOS:000177911700098 ER PT J AU Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Barnes, PD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, J Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA D'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Messer, M Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S AF Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Barnes, PD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, J Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA D'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Messer, M Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Event-by-event fluctuations in mean p(T) and mean e(T) in root s(NN)=130 GeVAu+Au collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; SCINTILLATOR ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; PHENIX; NUCLEON; SYSTEM AB Distributions of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and mean transverse energy near mid-rapidity have been measured in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. By comparing the distributions to what is expected for statistically independent particle emission, the magnitude of nonstatistical fluctuations in mean transverse momentum is determined to be consistent with zero. Also, no significant nonrandom fluctuations in mean transverse energy are observed. By constructing a fluctuation model with two event classes that preserve the mean and variance of the semi-inclusive p(T) or e(T) spectra, we exclude a region of fluctuations in roots(NN)=130 GeV Au+Au collisions. C1 KFFI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys RMKI, Budapest, Hungary. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, Ecole Mines Nantes, IN2P3,CNRS, F-44307 Nantes 3, France. St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Adcox, K (reprint author), KFFI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys RMKI, Budapest, Hungary. RI Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315 NR 21 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 6 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 024901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.024901 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 592CV UT WOS:000177919900063 ER PT J AU Caurier, E Navratil, P Ormand, WE Vary, JP AF Caurier, E Navratil, P Ormand, WE Vary, JP TI Ab initio shell model for A=10 nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; ISOSPIN-MIXING CORRECTIONS; FERMI MATRIX ELEMENT; LIGHT-NUCLEI; BETA-DECAY; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; STRUCTURE DEPENDENCE; OPERATOR APPROACH; BINDING-ENERGIES; STANDARD-MODEL AB We investigate properties of A=10 nuclei in the ab initio, no-core shell model using realistic Argonne and CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials and basis spaces through 9 (h) over bar Omega (with basis dimensions reaching 5.5x10(8)). Results for binding energies, excitation spectra (including negative parity and 2 (h) over bar Omega-dominated intruder states), electromagnetic properties, and the isospin-mixing correction of the C-10-->B-10 Fermi transition are presented. For B-10, these NN potentials produce a J(pi)T=1(+)0 ground state, contrary to the experimental 3(+)0, a clear indication of the need for true three-body forces. C1 Univ Strasbourg, Inst Rech Subatom, IN2P3, CNRS, F-67037 Strasbourg 2, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Univ Strasbourg, Inst Rech Subatom, IN2P3, CNRS, Batiment 27-1, F-67037 Strasbourg 2, France. NR 71 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 024314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.024314 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 592CV UT WOS:000177919900036 ER PT J AU Chung, P Ajitanand, NN Alexander, JM Ames, J Anderson, M Best, D Brady, FP Case, T Caskey, W Cebra, D Chance, JL Cole, B Crowe, K Das, AC Draper, JE Gilkes, ML Gushue, S Heffner, M Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Holzmann, W Huo, L Issah, M Justice, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Klay, J Krofcheck, D Lacey, RA Lauret, J Lisa, MA Liu, H Liu, YM Milan, J McGrath, R Milosevich, Z Odyniec, G Olson, DL Panitkin, S Porile, NT Rai, G Ritter, HG Romero, JL Scharenberg, R Schroeder, L Srivastava, B Stone, NTB Symons, TJM Whitfield, J Wienold, T Witt, R Wood, L Zhang, WN Danielewicz, P AF Chung, P Ajitanand, NN Alexander, JM Ames, J Anderson, M Best, D Brady, FP Case, T Caskey, W Cebra, D Chance, JL Cole, B Crowe, K Das, AC Draper, JE Gilkes, ML Gushue, S Heffner, M Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Holzmann, W Huo, L Issah, M Justice, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Klay, J Krofcheck, D Lacey, RA Lauret, J Lisa, MA Liu, H Liu, YM Milan, J McGrath, R Milosevich, Z Odyniec, G Olson, DL Panitkin, S Porile, NT Rai, G Ritter, HG Romero, JL Scharenberg, R Schroeder, L Srivastava, B Stone, NTB Symons, TJM Whitfield, J Wienold, T Witt, R Wood, L Zhang, WN Danielewicz, P CA E895 Collaboration TI Centrality and momentum-selected elliptic flow: Tighter constraints for the nuclear equation of state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; COLLECTIVE FLOW; REACTION PLANE; EMISSION; SIGNATURE AB Proton elliptic flow is studied as a function of impact parameter b, for two transverse momentum cuts in 2-6 A GeV Au+Au collisions. The elliptic flow shows an essentially linear dependence on b (for 1.5e+nu(e) decay channel and found to be Gamma(W)=2.23(-0.14)(+0.15)(stat)+/-0.10(syst) GeV, consistent with the expectation from the standard model. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Sci Nucl, Grenoble, France. Univ Mediterranee, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. CEA, Serv Phys Particles, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai, India. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FOM Inst NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; OI Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Baarmand, Marc/0000-0002-9792-8619; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674 NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 032008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.032008 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600012 ER PT J AU Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akimoto, H Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barklow, TL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Berger, R Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Calcaterra, A Cassell, R Chou, A Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cowan, RF Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M de Groot, N de Sangro, R Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Erofeeva, I Eschenburg, V Fahey, S Falciai, D Fernandez, JP Flood, K Frey, R Hart, EL Hasuko, K Hertzbach, SS Huffer, ME Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Kofler, RR Kroeger, RS Langston, M Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, C Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T McKemey, AK Messner, R Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nesom, G Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Panvini, RS Park, CH Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Ratcliff, BN Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Shapiro, G Sinev, NB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, H Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Usher, T Va'vra, J Verdier, R Wagner, DL Waite, AP Walston, S Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Wright, TR Yamamoto, RK Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H AF Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akimoto, H Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barklow, TL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Berger, R Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Calcaterra, A Cassell, R Chou, A Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cowan, RF Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M de Groot, N de Sangro, R Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Erofeeva, I Eschenburg, V Fahey, S Falciai, D Fernandez, JP Flood, K Frey, R Hart, EL Hasuko, K Hertzbach, SS Huffer, ME Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Kofler, RR Kroeger, RS Langston, M Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, C Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T McKemey, AK Messner, R Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nesom, G Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Panvini, RS Park, CH Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Ratcliff, BN Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Shapiro, G Sinev, NB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, H Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Usher, T Va'vra, J Verdier, R Wagner, DL Waite, AP Walston, S Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Wright, TR Yamamoto, RK Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H CA SLD Collaboration TI Search for time-dependent B(s)(0)-(B(s)(0))over-bar oscillations using exclusively reconstructed D(s)(+/-) mesons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS AB A search for B(s)(0)-<(B(s)(o))over bar> oscillations is performed using a sample of 400 000 hadronic Z(0) decays collected by the SLAC Large Detector experiment. The B(s)(0) candidates are reconstructed in the B(s)(0)-->D(s)(-)X channel with D(s)(-)-->phipi(-), K(*0)K(-). The B(s)(0) production flavor is determined using the large forward-backward asymmetry of polarized Z(0)-->b (b) over bar decays and charge information in the hemisphere opposite that of the B(s)(0) candidate. The decay flavor is tagged by the charge of the D(s)(+/-). From a sample of 361 candidates with an average B(s)(0) purity of 40%, we exclude the following values of the oscillation frequency: Deltam(s)<1.4 ps(-1) and 2.4X(S)L(+)L(-); SUPERSYMMETRY; DISTRIBUTIONS; B->S-GAMMA; B->X-S-GAMMA; MSSM AB We update the branching ratios for the inclusive decays B-->X(s)l(+)l(-) and the exclusive decays B-->(K,K-*)l(+)l(-), with l=e, mu, in the standard model by including the explicit O(alpha(s)) and Lambda(QCD)/m(b) corrections. This framework is used in conjunction with the current measurements of the branching ratios for B-->X(s)gamma and B-->Kl(+)l(-) decays and upper limits on the branching ratios for the decays B-->(K-*,X-s)l(+)l(-) to work out bounds on the Wilson coefficients C-7, C-8, C-9 and C-10 appearing in the effective Hamiltonian formalism. The resulting bounds are found to be consistent with the predictions of the standard model and some variants of supersymmetric theories. We illustrate the constraints on supersymmetric parameters that the current data on rare B decays implies in the context of the minimal flavor violating model and in more general scenarios admitting additional flavor changing mechanisms. Precise measurements of the dilepton invariant mass distributions in the decays B-->(X-s,K-*,K)l(+)l(-), in particular in the lower dilepton mass region, and the forward-backward asymmetry in the decays B-->(X-s,K-*)l(+)l(-), will greatly help in discriminating among the SM and various supersymmetric theories. C1 DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Bern, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Ali, A (reprint author), DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. NR 47 TC 218 Z9 218 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 034002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.034002 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600026 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, GP Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Clark, AR Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Oddone, PJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Kunze, M Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Foster, B Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Bukin, DA Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Telnov, VI Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Stoker, DP Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Chun, S MacFarlane, DB Prell, S Rahatlou, S Raven, G Sharma, V Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hart, PA Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Metzler, S Oyang, J Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Weaver, M Yang, S Zhu, RY Devmal, S Geld, TL Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Bloom, P Dima, MO Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Blouw, J Harton, JL Krishnamurthy, M Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Ferrag, S T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Xie, Y Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Pia, MG Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Morii, M Bartoldus, R Hamilton, R Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Fischer, PA Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Rosenberg, EI Grosdidier, G Hast, C Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Trincaz-Duvoid, S Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ Mugge, M van Bibber, K Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gunawardane, NJW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Azzopardi, DE Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McGrath, P McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Boyd, JT Forti, AC Fullwood, J Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Olsen, J Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Nief, JY Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Brau, J Frey, R Grauges, E Iwasaki, M Sinev, NB Strom, D Colecchia, F Dal Corso, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Michelon, G Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Torassa, E Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Le Diberder, F Leruste, P Ocariz, J Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Frank, ED Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Cavoto, G del Re, D Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Lamanna, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Faccini, R Christ, S Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Singh, H Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Aston, D Berger, N Boyarski, AM Calderini, G Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Haas, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Quinn, H Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Meyer, TI Roat, C Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Brown, CM Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Charles, E Dasu, S Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Kordich, TMB Neal, H AF Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, GP Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Clark, AR Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Oddone, PJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Kunze, M Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Foster, B Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Bukin, DA Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Telnov, VI Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Stoker, DP Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Chun, S MacFarlane, DB Prell, S Rahatlou, S Raven, G Sharma, V Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hart, PA Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Metzler, S Oyang, J Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Weaver, M Yang, S Zhu, RY Devmal, S Geld, TL Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Bloom, P Dima, MO Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Blouw, J Harton, JL Krishnamurthy, M Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Ferrag, S T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Xie, Y Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Pia, MG Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Morii, M Bartoldus, R Hamilton, R Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Fischer, PA Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Rosenberg, EI Grosdidier, G Hast, C Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Trincaz-Duvoid, S Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ Mugge, M van Bibber, K Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gunawardane, NJW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Azzopardi, DE Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McGrath, P McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Boyd, JT Forti, AC Fullwood, J Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Olsen, J Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Nief, JY Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Brau, J Frey, R Grauges, E Iwasaki, M Sinev, NB Strom, D Colecchia, F Dal Corso, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Michelon, G Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Torassa, E Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Le Diberder, F Leruste, P Ocariz, J Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Frank, ED Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Cavoto, G del Re, D Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Lamanna, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Faccini, R Christ, S Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Singh, H Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Aston, D Berger, N Boyarski, AM Calderini, G Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Haas, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Quinn, H Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Meyer, TI Roat, C Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Brown, CM Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Charles, E Dasu, S Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Kordich, TMB Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Study of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries and flavor oscillations in neutral B decays at the Upsilon(4S) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX; B-0 DECAYS; CKM MATRIX; SEARCH; SYSTEM AB We present a measurement of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in neutral B meson decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The data sample consists of 29.7 fb-1 recorded at the Y(4S) resonance and 3.9 fb-1 off resonance. One of the neutral B mesons, which are produced in pairs at the Y(4S), is fully reconstructed in the CP decay modes J/psiK(S)(0), psi(2S)K-S(0), chi(c1)K(S)(0), J/psiK(*0) (K-*0-->K(S)(0)pi(0)) and J/psiK(L)(0), or in flavor-eigenstate modes involving D((*))pi/rho/a(1) and J/psiK(*0) (K-*0-->K(+)pi(-)). The flavor of the other neutral B meson is tagged at the time of its decay, mainly with the charge of identified leptons and kaons. A neural network tagging algorithm is used to recover events without a clear lepton or kaon tag. The proper time elapsed between the decays is determined by measuring the distance between the decay vertices. Wrong-tag probabilities, the time-difference resolution function, and the B-0-(B) over bar (0) oscillation frequency Deltam(d) are measured with a sample of about 6350 fully-reconstructed B-0 decays in hadronic flavor-eigenstate modes. A maximum-likelihood fit to this flavor eigenstate sample finds Deltam(d)=0.516+/-0.016(stat)+/-0.010(syst) ps(-1). The value of the asymmetry amplitude sin 2beta is determined from a simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit to the time-difference distribution of the flavor-eigenstate sample and about 642 tagged B-0 decays in the CP-eigenstate modes. We find sin 2beta=0.59+/-0.14(stat)+/-0.05(syst), demonstrating that CP violation exists in the neutral B meson system. We also determine the value of the CP violation parameter \lambda\=0.93+/-0.09(stat)+/-0.03(syst), which is consistent with the expectation of \lambda\=1 for no direct CP violation. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Elon Univ, Elon College, NC 27244 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Telnov, Valery/C-6900-2009; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lamanna, Ernesto/C-7658-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Levy, Stephen/C-3493-2011; Schaffner, Stephen/D-1189-2011; Frank, Edward/A-8865-2012; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Pia, Maria Grazia/C-7034-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Torassa, Ezio/I-1788-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012 OI Telnov, Valery/0000-0002-8312-8119; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lamanna, Ernesto/0000-0002-7844-8230; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Mackay, Catherine/0000-0003-4252-6740; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Pia, Maria Grazia/0000-0002-3579-9639; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455 NR 46 TC 140 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 032003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.032003 PG 54 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600007 ER PT J AU Badalian, AM Bakker, BLG Simonov, YA AF Badalian, AM Bakker, BLG Simonov, YA TI Light meson radial Regge trajectories SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ZWEIG-IIZUKA RULE; FIELD-STRENGTH CORRELATORS; QUARK-MODEL; PARTICLE PHYSICS; ETA-ETA; QCD; VACUUM; APPROXIMATION; ANNIHILATION; PI(0)PI(0) AB A new physical mechanism is suggested to explain the universal depletion of high meson excitations. It takes into account the appearance of holes inside the string world sheet due to q (q) over bar pair creation when the length of the string exceeds the critical value R(1)similar or equal to1.4 fm. It is argued that a delicate balance between large N-c loop suppression and a favorable gain in the action, produced by holes, creates a new metastable (predecay) stage with a renormalized string tension which now depends on the separation r. This results in smaller values of the slope of the radial Regge trajectories, in good agreement with the analysis of experimental data of Anisovich, Anisovich, and Sarantsev. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, State Res Ctr, Moscow 117259, Russia. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, State Res Ctr, Moscow 117259, Russia. NR 43 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 034026 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.034026 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600050 ER PT J AU Beacom, JF Farr, WM Vogel, P AF Beacom, JF Farr, WM Vogel, P TI Detection of supernova neutrinos by neutrino-proton elastic scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CORE-COLLAPSE; POSTBOUNCE EVOLUTION; NU(TAU) NEUTRINOS; CHARGED-PARTICLES; MASS SIGNATURE; NUCLEON; STAR; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; PHYSICS AB We propose that neutrino-proton elastic scattering, nu+p-->nu+p, can be used for the detection of supernova neutrinos in scintillator detectors. Though the proton recoil kinetic energy spectrum is soft, with T(p)similar or equal to2E(nu)(2)/M-p, and the scintillation light output from slow, heavily ionizing protons is quenched, the yield above a realistic threshold is nearly as large as that from (ν) over bar (e)+p-->e(+)+n. In addition, the measured proton spectrum is related to the incident neutrino spectrum, which solves a long-standing problem of how to separately measure the total energy and temperature of nu(mu), nu(tau), (ν) over bar (mu), and (ν) over bar (tau). The ability to detect this signal would give detectors like KamLAND and Borexino a crucial and unique role in the quest to detect supernova neutrinos. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CALTECH, Phys Dept 161 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Beacom, JF (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Beacom, John/0000-0002-0005-2631 NR 52 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 033001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.033001 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600014 ER PT J AU Chung, J Allison, WWM Alner, GJ Ayres, DS Barrett, WL Border, PM Cobb, JH Courant, H Demuth, DM Fields, TH Gallagher, HR Goodman, MC Gran, R Joffe-Minor, T Kafka, T Kasahara, SMS Litchfield, PJ Mann, WA Marshak, ML Milburn, RH Miller, WH Mualem, L Napier, A Oliver, WP Pearce, GF Peterson, EA Petyt, DA Ruddick, K Sanchez, M Schneps, J Sousa, A Speakman, B Thron, JL Wakely, SP West, N AF Chung, J Allison, WWM Alner, GJ Ayres, DS Barrett, WL Border, PM Cobb, JH Courant, H Demuth, DM Fields, TH Gallagher, HR Goodman, MC Gran, R Joffe-Minor, T Kafka, T Kasahara, SMS Litchfield, PJ Mann, WA Marshak, ML Milburn, RH Miller, WH Mualem, L Napier, A Oliver, WP Pearce, GF Peterson, EA Petyt, DA Ruddick, K Sanchez, M Schneps, J Sousa, A Speakman, B Thron, JL Wakely, SP West, N TI Search for neutron-antineutron oscillations using multiprong events in Soudan 2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TRACKING CALORIMETER MODULES; ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS; NUCLEON DECAY; EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT; DETECTOR; FLUX; TRANSITIONS; STATES; STABILITY; MODELS AB We have searched for neutron-antineutron oscillations using the 5.56 fiducial kiloton-year exposure of the Soudan 2 iron tracking calorimeter. We require candidate n (n) over bar occurrences to have greater than or equal to4 prongs (tracks and showers) and to have kinematics compatible with (n) over barN annihilation within a nucleus. We observe five candidate events, with an estimated background from atmospheric neutrino and cosmic ray induced events of 4.5+/-1.2 events. Previous experiments with smaller exposures observed no candidates, with estimated background rates similar to this experiment. We set a lifetime lower limit at 90% C.L. for the n (n) over bar oscillation time in iron: T-A(Fe)>7.2x10(31) yr. The corresponding lower limit for oscillation of free neutrons is tau(n (n) over bar)>1.3x10(8) sec. C1 Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Chung, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 032004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.032004 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600008 ER PT J AU Dolgov, D Brower, R Capitani, S Dreher, P Negele, JW Pochinsky, A Renner, DB Eicker, N Lippert, T Schilling, K Edwards, RG Heller, UM AF Dolgov, D Brower, R Capitani, S Dreher, P Negele, JW Pochinsky, A Renner, DB Eicker, N Lippert, T Schilling, K Edwards, RG Heller, UM CA LHPC Collaboration SESAM Collaboration TI Moments of nucleon light cone quark distributions calculated in full lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; DYNAMICAL WILSON FERMIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PERTURBATIVE RENORMALIZATION; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; SPIN STRUCTURE; 2ND MOMENT; INSTANTONS; OPERATORS; PROTON AB Moments of the quark density, helicity, and transversity distributions are calculated in unquenched lattice QCD. Calculations of proton matrix elements of operators corresponding to these moments through operator product expansion have been performed on 16(3)x32 lattices for Wilson fermions at beta=5.6 using configurations from the SESAM Collaboration and at beta=5.5 using configurations from SCRI. One-loop perturbative renormalization corrections are included. At quark masses accessible in present calculations, there is no statistically significant difference between quenched and full QCD results, indicating that the contributions of quark-antiquark excitations from the Dirac sea are small. The close agreement between calculations with cooled configurations containing essentially only instantons and the full gluon configurations indicates that quark zero modes associated with instantons play a dominant role. A naive linear extrapolation of the full QCD calculation to the physical pion mass yields results inconsistent with experiment. An extrapolation to the chiral limit including the physics of the pion cloud can resolve this discrepancy and the requirements for a definitive chiral extrapolation are described. C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Florida State Univ, CSIT, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Nucl Sci Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Lippert, Thomas/N-2423-2016; OI Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 78 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 034506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.034506 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600062 ER PT J AU Hewett, JL Petriello, FJ Rizzo, TG AF Hewett, JL Petriello, FJ Rizzo, TG TI Noncommutativity and unitarity violation in gauge boson scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LINEAR COLLIDERS; FIELD-THEORY; COLLISIONS; SEARCH; MODELS; SPACES; TIME; TEV AB We examine the unitarity properties of spontaneously broken noncommutative gauge theories. We find that the symmetry breaking mechanism in the noncommutative standard model of Chaichian leads to an unavoidable violation of tree-level unitarity in gauge boson scattering at high energies. We then study a variety of simplified spontaneously broken noncommutative theories and isolate the source of this unitarity violation. Given the group theoretic restrictions endemic to noncommutative model building, we conclude that it is difficult to build a noncommutative standard model under the Weyl-Moyal approach that preserves unitarity. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hewett, JL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 036001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.036001 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600072 ER PT J AU Horvath, I Dong, SJ Draper, T Isgur, N Lee, FX Liu, KF McCune, J Thacker, HB Zhang, JB AF Horvath, I Dong, SJ Draper, T Isgur, N Lee, FX Liu, KF McCune, J Thacker, HB Zhang, JB TI Local chirality of low-lying Dirac eigenmodes and the instanton liquid model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; EXACTLY MASSLESS QUARKS; TOPOLOGICAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; STAGGERED FERMIONS; SYMMETRY BREAKING; SIGMA-MODEL; QCD; VACUUM; ULTRALOCALITY AB The reasons for using low-lying Dirac eigenmodes to probe the local structure of topological charge fluctuations in QCD are discussed, and it is pointed out that the qualitative double-peaked behavior of the local chiral orientation probability distribution in these modes is necessary, but not sufficient, for dominance of instantonlike fluctuations. The results with the overlap Dirac operator in Wilson gauge backgrounds at lattice spacings ranging from aapproximate to0.04 fm to aapproximate to0.12 fm are reported, and it is found that the size and density of local structures responsible for double peaking of the distribution are in disagreement with the assumptions of the instanton liquid model. More generally, our results suggest that vacuum fluctuations of topological charge are not effectively dominated by locally quantized (integer-valued) lumps in QCD. C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. OI Lee, Frank/0000-0001-8169-3440 NR 57 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 034501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.034501 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600057 ER PT J AU Kogut, JB Sinclair, DK AF Kogut, JB Sinclair, DK TI Lattice QCD at finite isospin density at zero and finite temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECONFINING PHASE-TRANSITION; GAUGE-THEORY; 2-COLOR QCD; CONDENSATION AB We simulate lattice QCD with dynamical u and d quarks at finite chemical potential, mu(I), for the third component of isospin (I-3) at both zero and at finite temperature. At zero temperature there is some mu(I), mu(c) say, above which I-3 and parity are spontaneously broken by a charged pion condensate. This is in qualitative agreement with the prediction of effective (chiral) Lagrangians which also predict mu(c)=m(pi). This transition appears to be second order, with scaling properties consistent with the mean-field predictions of such effective Lagrangian models. We have also studied the restoration of I-3 symmetry at high temperature for mu(I)>mu(c). For mu(I) sufficiently large, this finite temperature phase transition is very abrupt, suggesting that it is first order. As mu(I) is decreased it appears to become second order connecting continuously with the zero temperature transition. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kogut, JB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 28 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 034505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.034505 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600061 ER PT J AU Logan, HE Su, S AF Logan, HE Su, S TI Associated production of H-+/- and W--/+ in high-energy e(+)e(-) collisions in the minimal supersymmetric standard model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RENORMALIZED GREENS FUNCTIONS; PHOTON-PHOTON COLLISIONS; BOSON PRODUCTION; DIMENSIONAL REGULARIZATION; 2-HIGGS-DOUBLET MODEL; MASSLESS PARTICLES; MSSM; COLLIDERS; ENHANCEMENT; SCALAR AB We study the associated production of the charged Higgs boson and W+/- gauge boson in high energy e(+)e(-) collisions in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). This associated production, which first arises at the one loop level, offers the possibility of producing the charged Higgs boson at the e(+)e(-) collider with a mass more than half the center-of-mass energy, when the charged Higgs pair production is kinematically forbidden. We present analytic and numerical results for the cross section for e(+)e(-)-->W+H- in the full MSSM, taking into account the previously uncalculated contributions from supersymmetric (SUSY) particles. We find that the contributions of the SUSY particles enhance the cross section over most of SUSY parameter space, especially when the SUSY particles are light, similar to200 GeV. With favorable SUSY parameters, at small tan beta, this process can yield more than ten W+/-H-/+ events for m(H)(+/-)less than or similar to350 GeV in 500 fb(-1) at a 500 GeV e(+)e(-) collider, or m(H)(+/-)less than or similar to600 GeV in 1000 fb(-1) at a 1000 GeV collider. 80% left-handed polarization of the e(-) beam improves these reaches to m(H)(+/-)less than or similar to375 GeV and m(H)(+/-)less than or similar to670 GeV, respectively. C1 Fermi Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Logan, HE (reprint author), Fermi Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 79 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 035001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.035001 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600063 ER PT J AU Maltoni, F Rainwater, D Willenbrock, S AF Maltoni, F Rainwater, D Willenbrock, S TI Measuring the top-quark Yukawa coupling at hadron colliders via t(t)over-bar-h,h -> W+W- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID UPGRADED FERMILAB TEVATRON; LIGHTEST HIGGS BOSON; STANDARD MODEL; CERN LHC; MASS; DECAYS; COLLISIONS AB We study the signal and backgrounds for the process t (t) over barh,h-->W+W- at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and a 100 TeV Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC). Signals are studied in two-, three-, and four-lepton final states. We find a statistical uncertainty in the top-quark Yukawa coupling at the LHC of 16%,8%,12% for m(h)=130,160,190 GeV, respectively. The statistical uncertainty at the VLHC is likely to be negligible in comparison with the systematic uncertainty. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Maltoni, F (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 034022 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.034022 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600046 ER PT J AU Raufeisen, J Peng, JC Nayak, GC AF Raufeisen, J Peng, JC Nayak, GC TI Parton model versus color dipole formulation of the Drell-Yan process SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; MUON PAIRS; COLLISIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; QCD; NUCLEI; DIFFRACTION; SATURATION; BOSON AB In the kinematical region where the center of mass energy is much larger than all other scales, the Drell-Yan process can be formulated in the target rest frame in terms of the same color dipole cross section as low Bjorken-x deep inelastic scattering. Since the mechanisms for heavy dilepton production appear very different in the dipole approach and in the conventional parton model, one may wonder whether these two formulations really represent the same physics. We perform a comparison of numerical calculations in the color dipole approach with calculations in the next-to-leading order parton model. For proton-proton scattering, the results are very similar at low x(2) from fixed target to Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies, confirming the close connection between these two very different approaches. We also compare the transverse momentum distributions of Drell-Yan dileptons predicted in both formulations. The range of applicability of the dipole formulation and the impact of future Drell-Yan data from RHIC for determining the color dipole cross section are discussed. A detailed derivation of the dipole formulation of the Drell-Yan process is also included. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Raufeisen, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 53 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 034024 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.034024 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600048 ER PT J AU Suzuki, M AF Suzuki, M TI Search for P-1(1) charmonium in B decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC TRANSITIONS; HEAVY QUARKONIA; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; SPIN SPLITTINGS; FINE-STRUCTURE; STATES; QCD; PREDICTIONS; ANTIQUARK; FORCES AB There is no doubt that the P-1(1) charmonium h(c) exists in the mass range between J/psi and psi('). While experiment produced a candidate in the past, it still requires a confirmation. Given the recent progress in the exclusive B decay into charmonia, we now have an opportunity to detect h(c) by measuring the final state gammaeta(c) of the cascade decay B-->h(c)K/K-*-->gammaeta(c)K/K-*. Confirmation of h(c) may turn out to be much easier in the B decay than at charm factories, although one may have to work a little harder to attain a high precision in the mass determination. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Suzuki, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 037503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.037503 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600083 ER PT J AU Tandean, J Gardner, S AF Tandean, J Gardner, S TI Nonresonant contributions in B ->rho pi decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; PION FORM-FACTOR; CP-VIOLATION; B-DECAYS; MESONS; SYMMETRY; AMPLITUDES; UNITARITY; DYNAMICS; LIGHT AB We consider nonresonant contributions in the Dalitz-plot analysis of B-->rhopi-->pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) decay and their potential impact on the extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa parameter alpha. In particular, we examine the role of the heavy mesons B-* and B-0, via the process B-->pi(B-*,B-0)-->pi(+)pi(-)pi(0), and their interference with resonant contributions in the rho-mass region. We discuss the inherent uncertainties and suggest that the effects may be substantially smaller than previously indicated. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tandean, J (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 AR 034019 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.034019 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591HL UT WOS:000177873600043 ER PT J AU Andersson, C Lindgren, K Rasmussen, S White, R AF Andersson, C Lindgren, K Rasmussen, S White, R TI Urban growth simulation from "first principles" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; SAN-FRANCISCO; PATTERNS; SETTLEMENTS; CITY; GIS AB General and mathematically transparent models of urban growth have so far suffered from a lack in microscopic realism. Physical models that have been used for this purpose, i.e., diffusion-limited aggregation, dielectric breakdown models, and correlated percolation all have microscopic dynamics for which analogies with urban growth appear stretched. Based on a Markov random field formulation we have developed a model that is capable of reproducing a variety of important characteristic urban morphologies and that has realistic microscopic dynamics. The results presented in this paper are particularly important in relation to "urban sprawl," an important aspect of which is aggressively spreading low-density land uses. This type of growth is increasingly causing environmental, social, and economical problems around the world. The microdynamics of our model, or its "first principles," can be mapped to human decisions and motivations and thus potentially also to policies and regulations. We measure statistical properties of macrostates generated by the urban growth mechanism that we propose, and we compare these to empirical measurements as well as to results from other models. To showcase the open-endedness of the model and to thereby relate our work to applied urban planning we have also included a simulated city consisting of a large number of land use classes in which also topographical data have been used. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geog, St Johns, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. RP Andersson, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-6 MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM andersson@lanl.gov; frtkl@fy.chalmers.se; steen@lanl.gov; roger@plato.ucs.mun.ca RI White, Roger/A-4834-2008 OI White, Roger/0000-0002-6998-3725 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 026204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.026204 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BL UT WOS:000177971300043 PM 12241264 ER PT J AU Bastea, S AF Bastea, S TI Living polymers in a size-asymmetric electrolyte SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PRIMITIVE MODEL ELECTROLYTES; SPHERE IONIC FLUID; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CRITICALITY; ASSOCIATION; SIMULATION; LIQUIDS AB A living polymers transition is found in molecular dynamics simulations of a charge-symmetric size-asymmetric electrolyte with no anisotropic interactions. The fluid has strong polymeric character at low temperatures, where it consists of large, alternating-charge linear chains and rings in chemical equilibrium. A mean-field theory of chain association is consistent with the existence of such a transition. In the polymeric phase, the system is very weakly conducting or electrically insulating. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bastea, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bastea2@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 020801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.020801 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BJ UT WOS:000177971100002 PM 12241140 ER PT J AU Chambers, DM Pinto, PA Hawreliak, J Al'Miev, IR Gouveia, A Sondhauss, P Wolfrum, E Wark, JS Glenzer, SH Lee, RW Young, PE Renner, O Marjoribanks, RS Topping, S AF Chambers, DM Pinto, PA Hawreliak, J Al'Miev, IR Gouveia, A Sondhauss, P Wolfrum, E Wark, JS Glenzer, SH Lee, RW Young, PE Renner, O Marjoribanks, RS Topping, S TI K-shell spectroscopy of an independently diagnosed uniaxially expanding laser-produced aluminum plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; LINE TRANSFER; ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; THOMSON SCATTERING; RESONANCE LINE; PROFILES; DENSITY; SPECTRA; SPECTROMETER; IONIZATION AB We present detailed spectroscopic analysis of the primary K-shell emission lines from a uniaxially expanding laser-produced hydrogenic and heliumlike aluminum plasma. The spectroscopic measurements are found to be consistent with time-dependent hydrodynamic properties of the plasma, measured using Thomson scattering and shadowgraphy. The K-shell population kinetics code FLY with the measured hydrodynamic parameters is used to generate spectra that are compared to the experimental spectra. Excellent agreement is found between the measured and calculated spectra for a variety of experimental target widths employed to produce plasmas with different optical depths. The peak emission from the hydrogenic Lyman series is determined to be from a temporal and spatial region where the hydrodynamic parameters are essentially constant. This allows a single steady-state solution of FLY to be used to deduce the electron temperature and density, from the measured line ratios and linewidths, for comparison with the Thomson and shadowgraphy data. These measurements are found to agree well with time-dependent calculations, and provide further validation for the FLY calculations of the ionization and excitation balance for a K-shell aluminum plasma. We also discuss the possible application of this data as a benchmark for hydrodynamic simulations and ionization/excitation balance calculations. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, McLennan Phys Labs, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Chambers, DM (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RI Renner, Oldrich/C-1591-2010 OI Renner, Oldrich/0000-0003-4942-2637 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 026410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.026410 PN 2 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BL UT WOS:000177971300079 PM 12241300 ER PT J AU Cook, AW Zhou, Y AF Cook, AW Zhou, Y TI Energy transfer in Rayleigh-Taylor instability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITIES; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLOWS; TRANSITION; SCALES AB The spatial structure and energy budget for Rayleigh-Taylor instability are examined using results from a 512x512x2040 point direct numerical simulation. The outer-scale Reynolds number of the flow follows a rough t(3) power law and reaches a final value of about 5500. Taylor microscales and Reynolds numbers are plotted to characterize anisotropy in the flow and document progress towards the mixing transition. A mixing parameter is defined which characterizes the relative rates of entrainment and mixing in the flow. The spectrum of each term in the kinetic energy equation is plotted, at regular time intervals, as a function of the inhomogeneous direction and the two-dimensional wave number for the homogeneous directions. The energy spectrum manifests the beginning of an inertial range by the latter stages of the simulation. The production and dissipation spectra become increasingly opposite and separate in wave space as the flow evolves. The transfer spectrum depends strongly on the inhomogeneous direction, with the net transfer being from large to small scales. Energy transfer at the bubble/spike fronts is strictly positive. Extensive cancellation occurs between the pressure and advection terms. The dilatation term produces negligible energy transfer, but its overall effect is to move energy from high to low density regions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cook, AW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 026312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.026312 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BL UT WOS:000177971300069 PM 12241290 ER PT J AU Desjarlais, MP Kress, JD Collins, LA AF Desjarlais, MP Kress, JD Collins, LA TI Electrical conductivity for warm, dense aluminum plasmas and liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; BASIS-SET; STATE AB The electrical conductivity of warm, dense aluminum plasmas and liquids is calculated using ab initio molecular dynamics and the Kubo-Greenwood formula. The density range extends from near solid to one-hundredth of solid density, and the temperature range extends from 6000 K to 30 000 K. This density and temperature range allows direct comparison with experimental results obtained with the tamped exploding wire technique. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Desjarlais, MP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mpdesja@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 253 Z9 254 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 025401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.025401 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BL UT WOS:000177971300006 PM 12241227 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB Daya, ZA Ben-Naim, E Ecke, RE AF Hastings, MB Daya, ZA Ben-Naim, E Ecke, RE TI Entropic tightening of vibrated chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID KNOTS; EXPONENTS; POLYMERS; STATES AB We investigate experimentally the distribution of configurations of a ring with an elementary topological constraint, a "figure-8" twist. Using a system far from thermal equilibrium, a vibrated granular chain, we show that configurations where one loop is small and the second is large are strongly preferred. Despite the highly non-equilibrium nature of the system, our results are consistent with recent predictions for equilibrium properties of topologically-constrained polymers. The dynamics of the tightening process weakly violates a (coarse-grained) detailed balance, indicating that the unexpected correspondence with an equilibrium entropic approach is not exact. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; Ecke, Robert/0000-0001-7772-5876 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 025102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.025102 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BL UT WOS:000177971300002 PM 12241223 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G AF Lapenta, G TI Nature of the force field in plasma wakes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DUST PARTICLES; SIMULATION; POTENTIALS; GRAIN; FLOW AB Plasma wakes are relevant in a number of applications. Here the attention is focused on complex plasmas formed by dust particles suspended in partially inonized plasmas. Two forces are observed to contribute significantly in a wake created by a suspended particle immersed in a plasma with supersonic flowing ions. First, the well-known electrostatic force caused by the macroscopic electric field produced by charge accumulation in the wake. Second, the ion flow field is distorted in the wake and creates a flow-induced force caused by the momentum transfer from ion particles. The first force (electrostatic) has been proposed to cause the alignment of dust particles observed in experimental conditions in complex plasmas. The present article provides evidence that actually the second force (ion flow), not previously considered, is a more likely candidate that can explain the alignment observed in experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Politecn Torino, INFM, I-10129 Turin, Italy. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lapenta@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 026409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.026409 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BL UT WOS:000177971300078 PM 12241299 ER PT J AU Meucci, R McAllister, R Roy, R AF Meucci, R McAllister, R Roy, R TI Chaotic function generator: Complex dynamics and its control in a loss-modulated Nd : YAG laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID UNSTABLE STEADY-STATES; MACKEY-GLASS SYSTEM; MULTIMODE LASER; STABILIZATION; COMMUNICATION; FEEDBACK AB The complex dynamics resulting from electronic feedback of a laser's intensity are explored and characterized. Distinct stable and chaotic regimes can be elicited from the laser by tuning the bias of the feedback loop. An additional branch of the feedback loop, containing a derivative filter, provides access to new kinds of dynamics, including a more gradual transition to chaos. The whole feedback network together allows the laser dynamics to be selected from among a wide range of chaotic wave forms distinguished by statistical or spectral information. In other words, this laser system can be used as a tunable generator of chaotic functions. C1 Ist Nazl Ott Applicata, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CESAR, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Meucci, R (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ott Applicata, Largo Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RI Meucci, @/Q-9545-2016; OI Roy, Rajarshi/0000-0002-2381-829X NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 026216 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.026216 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BL UT WOS:000177971300055 PM 12241276 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Schilling, O Ghosh, S AF Zhou, Y Schilling, O Ghosh, S TI Subgrid scale and backscatter model for magnetohydrodynamic turbulence based on closure theory: Theoretical formulation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MHD TURBULENCE; SPECTRA AB The spectral eddy and backscatter viscosity and the spectral eddy and backscatter resistivity for incompressible, three-dimensional, isotropic, nonhelical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence are constructed using the eddy-damped quasinormal Markovian statistical closure model developed by Pouquet, Frisch, and Leorat [J. Fluid Mech. 77, 321 (1976)] in terms of primitive variables. The approach used is an extension of the methodology developed by Leslie and Quarini [J. Fluid Mech. 91, 65 (1979)] for fluid turbulence to MHD turbulence. The eddy and backscatter viscosities and the eddy and backscatter resistivities are calculated numerically for assumed kinetic and magnetic energy spectra, E(v)(k) and E(B)(k), with a production subrange and a k(-5/3) inertial subrange for the two cases r(A)=1 and r(A)=1/2, where r(A)=E(v)(k)/E(B)(k) is the Alfven ratio. It is shown that the effects of the unresolved subgrid scales on the resolved-scale velocity and magnetic field consist of an eddy damping and backscatter. The eddy viscosity and resistivity, and the backscatter viscosity and resistivity (the correlation function of the stochastic velocity and magnetic backscatter force) are shown to have a dependence on k/k(c), where k(c) is the cutoff wave number, which is very similar to the dependence calculated in the pure (i.e., nonmagnetic) Navier-Stokes turbulence case. The eddy viscosity and resistivity, and the backscatter viscosity and resistivity numerically calculated here can be used to develop improved subgrid-scale parametrizations for spectral large-eddy simulations of homogenous MHD turbulence. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Emergent Informat Technol, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Zhou, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 AR 026309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.026309 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 593BL UT WOS:000177971300066 PM 12241287 ER PT J AU Bane, KLF Hayano, H Kubo, K Naito, T Okugi, T Urakawa, J AF Bane, KLF Hayano, H Kubo, K Naito, T Okugi, T Urakawa, J TI Intrabeam scattering analysis of measurements at KEK's Accelerator Test Facility damping ring SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We derive a simple relation for estimating the relative emittance growth in x and y due to intrabeam scattering (IBS) in electron storage rings. We show that IBS calculations for the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) damping ring, when using the formalism of Bjorken-Mtingwa, a modified formalism of Piwinski (where eta(2)/beta has been replaced by H), or a simple high-energy approximate formula all give results that agree well. Comparing theory, including the effect of potential well bunch lengthening, with a complete set of ATF steady-state beam size versus current measurements we find reasonably good agreement for energy spread and horizontal emittance. The measured vertical emittance, however, is larger than theory in both offset (zero current emittance) and slope (emittance change with current). Almost all the offset error can be accounted for by considering the expected projected vertical emittance due to machine errors rather than the real emittance. This result is consistent with the assumed Coulomb log factor being close to the correct one. The slope error indicates measurement error and/or additional current-dependent physics at the ATF. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Bane, KLF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI urakawa, junji/F-4763-2014 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD AUG PY 2002 VL 5 IS 8 AR 084403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.084403 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 590WT UT WOS:000177848000008 ER PT J AU Cornacchia, M Emma, P AF Cornacchia, M Emma, P TI Transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB A scheme is proposed to exchange the transverse and longitudinal emittances of an electron bunch. A general analysis is presented and a specific beam line is used as an example where the emittance exchange is achieved by placing a transverse deflecting mode radio-frequency cavity in a magnetic chicane. In addition to reducing the transverse emittance, the bunch length is also simultaneously compressed. The scheme has the potential to introduce an added flexibility to the control of electron beams and to provide some contingency for the achievement of emittance and peak-current goals in free-electron lasers. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Cornacchia, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 15 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD AUG PY 2002 VL 5 IS 8 AR 084001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.084001 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 590WT UT WOS:000177848000005 ER PT J AU Davidson, RC Qin, H Tzenov, SI Startsev, EA AF Davidson, RC Qin, H Tzenov, SI Startsev, EA TI Kinetic description of intense beam propagation through a periodic focusing field for uniform phase-space density SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-PARTICLE BEAMS; VLASOV-MAXWELL EQUATIONS; DELTA-F SIMULATION; STABILITY THEOREM; DOMINATED BEAMS; EQUILIBRIUM AB The Vlasov-Maxwell equations are used to investigate the nonlinear evolution of an intense sheet beam with distribution function f(b) (x, x', s) propagating through a periodic focusing lattice kappa(x) (s + S) = kappa(x)(s), where S = const is the lattice period. The analysis considers the special class of distribution functions with uniform phase-space density f(b)(x, x', s) = A = const inside of the simply connected boundary curves, x'(+)(x, s) and x'(-)(x, s), in the two-dimensional phase space (x, x'). Coupled nonlinear equations are derived describing the self-consistent evolution of the boundary curves, x'(+)(x, s) and x'(-)(x, s), and the self-field potential psi(x, s) = e(b)phi(x, s)/gamma(b)m(b) beta(b)(2)c(2). The resulting model is shown to be exactly equivalent to a (truncated) warm-fluid description with zero heat flow and triple-adiabatic equation of state with scalar pressure P-b(x, s) = const[n(b)(x, s)](3). Such a fluid model is amenable to direct analysis by transforming to Lagrangian variables following the motion of a fluid element. Specific examples of periodically focused beam equilibria are presented, ranging from a finite-emittance beam in which the boundary curves in phase space (x, x') correspond to a pulsating parallelogram, to a cold beam in which the number density of beam particles, n(b)(x, s), exhibits large-amplitude periodic oscillations. For the case of a sheet beam with uniform phase-space density, the present analysis clearly demonstrates the existence of periodically focused beam equilibria without the undesirable feature of an inverted population in phase space that is characteristic of the Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij beam distribution. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Davidson, RC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Tzenov, Stephan/0000-0001-8672-308X NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD AUG PY 2002 VL 5 IS 8 AR 084402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.084402 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 590WT UT WOS:000177848000007 ER PT J AU Molvik, AW Faltens, A AF Molvik, AW Faltens, A TI Induction core alloys for heavy-ion inertial fusion-denergy accelerators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN; SYSTEMS; TARGET; DRIVER AB Induction core alloys are evaluated that are appropriate for heavy-ion induction accelerators to drive heavy-ion inertial fusion (HIF) power plants. Parameters evaluated include the usable flux swing and the energy loss over a range of magnetization rates of similar to 10(5)-10(7) T/s, corresponding to pulse durations of similar to20 to 0.2 mus, respectively. The usable flux swing, for minimum core losses, extends from near the reversed remanent field to about 80% of the saturation field. The usable flux swing is enhanced, with little increase in losses, by annealing the core after winding. Maintaining low energy loss at high magnetization rates requires insulation to block interlaminar eddy currents. To obtain annealed cores with a high ratio of remanent to saturation magnetic field, the insulation must withstand annealing temperatures and apply minimum mechanical stress to the core during cooldown. We find that commercially available insulating coatings for amorphous metals either break down near 10(6) T/s (a factor of 10 below the requirement), or do not achieve the maximum remanent field and hence the usable flux swing after annealing. More satisfactory coatings are available for silicon steel and nanocrystalline alloys, which could have applications in HIF. Amorphous alloys are capable of meeting most HIF needs, especially with improved coatings. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heavy Ion Fus Virtual Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Molvik, AW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD AUG PY 2002 VL 5 IS 8 AR 080401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.080401 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 590WT UT WOS:000177848000001 ER PT J AU Montag, C D'Imperio, N Kewisch, J Lee, R AF Montag, C D'Imperio, N Kewisch, J Lee, R TI Tomographic phase space reconstruction during rebucketing in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Longitudinal phase space tomography has evolved into a powerful diagnostic tool in the particle accelerator domain. A computer code has been developed in order to visualize dynamic effects and measure machine parameters in longitudinal phase space. This code is capable of dealing with turn-by-turn parameter changes, for example, during rf rebucketing when the bunch is rotated in longitudinal phase space to minimize the bunch length. We describe the reconstruction code and show its application as a diagnostic tool for rebucketing in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Montag, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD AUG PY 2002 VL 5 IS 8 AR 082801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.082801 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 590WT UT WOS:000177848000004 ER PT J AU Montag, C Kewisch, J Trbojevic, D Schmidt, F AF Montag, C Kewisch, J Trbojevic, D Schmidt, F TI Overcoming a fast transverse instability by means of octupole-induced tune spread in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB During the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider commissioning in 2001 a fast transverse instability was observed on the ramp. In general this could be counteracted with increased chromaticity, resulting in Landau damping. However this method could not be applied around transition energy where chromaticities have to change sign. So octupoles were used near transition energy to create transverse Landau damping and avoid the transverse instability, emittance blowup, and beam loss. This paper describes the considerations that led to the present scheme, as well as experimental results. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Montag, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD AUG PY 2002 VL 5 IS 8 AR 084401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.084401 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 590WT UT WOS:000177848000006 ER PT J AU Calmet, X Fritzsch, H AF Calmet, X Fritzsch, H TI Symmetry breaking and time variation of gauge couplings SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT AB Astrophysical indications that the fine structure constant has undergone a small time variation during the cosmological evolution are discussed within the framework of the standard model of the electroweak and strong interactions and of grand unification. A variation of the electromagnetic coupling constant could either be generated by a corresponding time variation of the unified coupling constant or by a time variation of the unification scale, of by both. The various possibilities, differing substantially in their implications for the variation of low energy physics parameters like the nuclear mass scale, are discussed. The case in which the variation is caused by a time variation of the unification scale is of special interest. It is supported in addition by recent hints towards a time change of the proton-electron mass ratio. Implications for the analysis of the Oklo remains and for quantum optics tests are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Calmet, X (reprint author), Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. NR 21 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 540 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 178 AR PII S0370-2693(02)02147-0 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02147-0 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 579XE UT WOS:000177203300002 ER PT J AU Becher, T Braig, S Neubert, M Kagan, AL AF Becher, T Braig, S Neubert, M Kagan, AL TI Constraints on light bottom squarks from radiative B-meson decays SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID B->X-S-GAMMA DECAYS; QUARK; MASS; B->S-GAMMA AB The presence of a light (b) over bar squark (m((b) over bar) similar to 4 GeV) and gluino (m((g) over bar) similar to 15 GeV) might explain the observed excess in b-quark production at the Tevatron. Though provocative. this model is not excluded by present data. The tight supersymmetric particles can induce large flavor-changing effects in radiative decays of B mesons. We analyze the decays B --> X(s)y and B --> X-vg in this scenario and derive restrictive bounds on the flavor-changing, quark-squark-gluino couplings. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Nucl Studies, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Becher, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 540 IS 3-4 BP 278 EP 288 AR PII S0370-2693(02)02172-X DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02172-X PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 579XE UT WOS:000177203300016 ER PT J AU Silbert, LE Grest, GS Plimpton, SJ Levine, D AF Silbert, LE Grest, GS Plimpton, SJ Levine, D TI Boundary effects and self-organization in dense granular flows SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ROUGH INCLINED PLANES; CHUTE FLOW; DEBRIS FLOW; SHEAR; ASSEMBLIES; RHEOLOGY; CHANNEL; REGIMES; SPHERES AB Boundary effects in gravity-driven, dense granular flows down inclined planes are studied using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the flow behavior and structure of the flowing pile changes dramatically as we vary the roughness of the supporting base. For a rough, bumpy base, there are three principal flow regimes that depend on the inclination angle theta: at small angles thetatheta(max), where theta(max) is the maximum angle for which stable, steady state flow exists, the flow is unstable; and for theta(r) RF > HF. In accordance with this pattern, when cumulative respiration was considered per gram of substrate, the physical fractions exhibited a predictable response: LF > RF > HF. However, when expressed per gram of initial C, the respiration of the LF was not significantly different from that of the HF. These findings suggest the recalcitrance of HF is similar to that of LF and, consequently, differences in their turnover rates in WS may be due to microbial accessibility or physical protection. Whether expressed per gram of substrate or per gram of initial C, the respiration of the SF was not different from that of the WS. Within the SF, the HF was responsible for 35% of the total respiration. Lower respiration in the RF compared with WS and SF might be explained by an antagonistic interaction between the varied microbial communities that degrade LF and HF; in the heterogeneous WS, these communities may be spatially separated to a greater extent than in the laboratory substrate. Unfortunately, the microbial data were highly variable and provided little evidence to either support or refute this idea. The density separation technique appears to be a viable method for isolating different soil organic matter fractions. However, the function of these fractions should be considered more carefully in the context of accessibility and C content. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm Studies, Dept Environm Sci, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Swanston, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, POB 808,L397, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 50 TC 71 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1121 EP 1130 AR PII S0038-0717(02)00048-2 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00048-2 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 583FG UT WOS:000177395500008 ER PT J AU Perebeinos, V Chan, SW Zhang, F AF Perebeinos, V Chan, SW Zhang, F TI 'Madelung model' prediction for dependence of lattice parameter on nanocrystal size SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nanostructures; surfaces and interface ID X-RAY; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; SURFACES; CEO2; GPA AB The competition between the long-range Coulomb attractive and the short-range repulsive interaction in ionic nanocrystals creates an effective negative pressure, which causes the lattice parameter a to increase with decreasing nanoparticle size d. A simple 'Madelung model' is used to predict the dependence of the lattice parameter for CeO2 and BaTiO3 on d, deltaa/a = alpha/d, for alpha = 0.22 and 0.18 Angstrom, respectively. The model predictions are compared with experimental results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Perebeinos, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 123 IS 6-7 BP 295 EP 297 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00266-1 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00266-1 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 594BD UT WOS:000178028200011 ER PT J AU Johnson, JW Ren, F Baca, AG Briggs, RD Shul, RJ Monier, C Han, J Pearton, SJ AF Johnson, JW Ren, F Baca, AG Briggs, RD Shul, RJ Monier, C Han, J Pearton, SJ TI MOCVD-grown HEMTs on Al2O3 substrates SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PERFORMANCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES AB Al0.2Ga0.8N/GaN HEMTs have been fabricated from MOCVD-grown epilayers on (0 0 0 1) sapphire substrates. DC current densities from 0.5 to similar to1 A/mm were achieved for gate lengths ranging from 0.75 to 0.1 mum. A maximum transconductance of 207 mS/mm was measured for short gate length devices. From s-parameter measurements, f(t) of 59 GHz and f(max) of 90 GHz were extracted. Load pull results from 0.25 x 150 mum(2) gate dimension devices indicated an output power density of 2.75 W/mm at 3 GHz and 1.7 W/mm at 10 GHz. Small signal modeling of the measured s-parameters is also presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, POB 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1193 EP 1204 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00014-X DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00014-X PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 578AC UT WOS:000177094400021 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Mora, F Ralph, JM Routbort, JL AF Gutierrez-Mora, F Ralph, JM Routbort, JL TI High-temperature mechanical properties of anode-supported bilayers SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE mechanical properties; creep; SOFC; anode-supported bilayers ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS AB Mechanical properties of a porous substrate of 40 vol.% Ni-60 vol.%o yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), a Ni-YSZ functional layer, and a YSZ electrolyte layer were measured in compression from 1000 to 1200 C. The anode-supported bilayer is brittle for temperatures <1100 degreesC, but exhibits plasticity for higher temperatures. The plasticity is controlled by the Ni phase. Therefore, steady-state creep may limit the operational stress-temperature range. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Routbort, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 149 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 184 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00292-8 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00292-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 579VT UT WOS:000177199100003 ER PT J AU Speakman, SA Richardson, JW Mitchell, BJ Misture, ST AF Speakman, SA Richardson, JW Mitchell, BJ Misture, ST TI In-situ diffraction study of Ba2In2O5 SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE Ba2In2O5; order-disorder transition; ionic conductivity; crystal structure; in-situ diffraction ID OXYGEN; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM AB In-situ neutron and X-ray diffraction experiments were used to determine the crystal structure of Ba2In2O5 as related to temperature. Ba2In2O5 has a Brownmillerite-type crystal structure from room temperature to 900 degreesC, consisting of an orthorhombic unit cell with lattice parameters 6.0864(3) X 16.7903(7) X 5.9697(3) Angstrom and 1cmm (74) space group symmetry. At 900 degreesC, oxygen vacancies begin to disorder. By 925 degreesC, barium indate crystallizes in a tetragonal, 6.0348(4) X 17.0688(22) Angstrom, unit cell with 14cm (108) space group symmetry. This oxygen vacancy order-disorder transition is associated with an evolution to fast oxide-ion conduction. At 1040 degreesC, Ba2In2O5 becomes a cubic oxygen-deficient perovskite, 4.2743(1) Angstrom, in the Pm3m space group. At 1080 degreesC, Ba2In2O5 begins to decompose. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Alfred Univ, New York State Coll Ceram, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Misture, ST (reprint author), Alfred Univ, New York State Coll Ceram, 2 Pine St, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 149 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 259 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00175-3 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00175-3 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 579VT UT WOS:000177199100011 ER PT J AU Eldridge, JE Wang, HH Kini, AM Schlueter, JA AF Eldridge, JE Wang, HH Kini, AM Schlueter, JA TI Assignment of the Raman spectra of some deuterated-BEDT-TTF superconductors SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE BEDT-TTF; bis(ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene; Raman spectrum, deuterated, phonon assignments, normal modes ID ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)(2)CU(SCN)(2); SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURE; ANIONS; MODES; SALTS; PHASE AB We present the room-temperature Raman spectra of both the protonated and deuterated forms of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br, kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) and beta-(BEDT-TTF)(2)I-3. Along with data for the neutral BEDT-TTF molecule these spectra are used to assign the many features in the spectra of the deuterated compounds. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Eldridge, JE (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 58 IS 10 BP 2237 EP 2243 AR PII S1386-1425(01)00696-5 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(01)00696-5 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 579ME UT WOS:000177181100020 PM 12212749 ER PT J AU Terrones, M Terrones, G Terrones, H AF Terrones, M Terrones, G Terrones, H TI Structure, chirality, and formation of giant icosahedral fullerenes and spherical graphitic onions SO STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fullerenes; spherical onions; nested fullerenes; stability and symmetry ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; FORMATION MECHANISM; CONCENTRIC-SHELL; PARTICLES; SINGLE; C-60; IRRADIATION; DIAMOND; GROWTH; CURVATURE AB We describe the topology, structure, and stability of giant fullerenes exhibiting various symmetries (I, I-h, D-2h, T). Our results demonstrate that it is possible to create two new families of nested "chiral" icosahedral (I) fullerenes namely C-260@C-560@C-980@C-1520@, ...,and C-140@C-380@C-740@C-1220@ ..., which exhibit interlayer separations of ca. 3.4 Angstrom. These chiral fullerenes are thought to possess metalliclike conduction properties. We discuss in detail the transformation of polyhedral graphitic particles into quasispherical nested giant fullerenes by reorganization of carbon atoms, which result in the formation of additional pentagonal and heptagonal carbon rings. These "spherical" structures are metastable and we believe they could be formed under extreme conditions, such as those produced by high-energy electron irradiation. There is circumstantial experimental evidence for the presence of heptagonal rings within these spherical fullerenes. C1 IPICYT Potosi Inst Sci & Technol Res, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Proc Sci & Engn Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Terrones, M (reprint author), IPICYT Potosi Inst Sci & Technol Res, Adv Mat Dept, Venustiao Carranza 2425 A, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico. EM mterrones@ipicyt.edu.mx RI Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014; OI Terrones, Guillermo/0000-0001-8245-5022 NR 57 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-0400 J9 STRUCT CHEM JI Struct. Chem. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 384 AR UNSP 1040-0400/02/0800-0373/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015880427362 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 562GV UT WOS:000176189800019 ER PT J AU Nagem, RAP Colau, D Dumoutier, L Renauld, JC Ogata, C Polikarpov, I AF Nagem, RAP Colau, D Dumoutier, L Renauld, JC Ogata, C Polikarpov, I TI Crystal structure of recombinant human interleukin-22 SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; IL-22; IL-TIF; IL-10; IFN-gamma; interleukin ID HUMAN INTERFERON-GAMMA; INDUCIBLE FACTOR; RECEPTOR COMPLEX; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PHASE REFINEMENT; TRANSGENIC MICE; HEAVY-ATOM; IL-TIF; PROTEIN; CLONING AB Interleukin-22 (IL-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor/IL-TIF/IL-22) is a novel cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family. Recombinant human IL-22 (hIL-22) was found to activate the signal transducers and activators of transcription factors I and 3 as well as acute phase reactants in several hepatoma cell lines, suggesting its involvement in the inflammatory response. The crystallographic structure of recombinant hIL-22 has been solved at 2.0 Angstrom resolution using the SIRAS method. Contrary to IL-10, the hIL-22 dimer does not present an interpenetration of the secondary-structure elements belonging to the two distinct polypeptide chains but results from interface interactions between monomers. Structural differences between these two cytokines, revealed by the crystallographic studies, clearly indicate that, while a homodimer of IL-10 is required for signaling, hIL-22 most probably interacts with its receptor as a monomer. C1 Lab Nacl Luz Sinrotron, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Fis, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Catholique Louvain, Ludwig Inst Canc Res, Brussels Branch, Christian Duve Inst Cellular Pathol, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Catholique Louvain, Expt Med Unit, Christian Duve Inst Cellular Pathol, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Polikarpov, I (reprint author), Lab Nacl Luz Sinrotron, Caixa Postal 6192, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RI Nagem, Ronaldo/K-3995-2012; Polikarpov, Igor/D-2575-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 NR 49 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD AUG PY 2002 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1051 EP 1062 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00797-9 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 583FN UT WOS:000177396200004 PM 12176383 ER PT J AU Morton, SA Waddill, GD Kim, S Schuller, IK Chambers, SA Tobin, JG AF Morton, SA Waddill, GD Kim, S Schuller, IK Chambers, SA Tobin, JG TI Spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of Fe3O4 SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron density, excitation spectra calculations; visible and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy; synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; iron oxide; low index single crystal surfaces; magnetic films; magnetic surfaces ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNET; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; POLARIZED PHOTOEMISSION; FILMS; CRO2; MAGNETITE; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; NIMNSB AB Spin-polarized photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the candidate half metal Fe3O4. By using higher photon energies we can study polarization in "as received" samples, essentially "looking through" the disrupted surface. Our data agree with theoretical calculations for Fe3O4 but exhibit a lowered polarization. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99392 USA. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PO 808,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 NR 34 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 513 IS 3 BP L451 EP L457 AR PII S0039-6028(02)01824-1 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)01824-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 581XH UT WOS:000177319500005 ER PT J AU Lee, HKH Higdon, DM Bi, ZO Ferreira, MAR West, M AF Lee, HKH Higdon, DM Bi, ZO Ferreira, MAR West, M TI Markov random field models for high-dimensional parameters in simulations of fluid flow in porous media SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian statistics; computer model; inverse problem; Markov chain Monte Carlo ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY DATA; INVERSE PROBLEM; PRESSURE DATA; HYDROLOGY AB We give an approach for using flow information from a system of wells to characterize hydrologic properties of an aquifer. In particular. we consider experiments where an impulse of tracer fluid is injected along with the water at the input wells and its concentration is recorded over time at the uptake wells. We focus on characterizing the spatially varying permeability field, which is a key attribute of the aquifer for determining flow paths and rates for a given flow experiment. As is standard for estimation from such flow data, we use complicated subsurface flow code that simulates the fluid flow through the aquifer for a particular well configuration and aquifer specification, in particular the permeability field over a grid. The solution to this ill-posed problem requires that some regularity conditions be imposed on the permeability field. Typically, this regularity is accomplished by specifying a stationary Gaussian process model for the permeability field. Here we use an intrinsically stationary Markov random field, which compares favorably to Gaussian process models and offers some additional flexibility and computational advantages. Our interest in quantifying uncertainty leads us to take a Bayesian approach, using Markov chain Monte Carlo for exploring the high-dimensional posterior distribution. We demonstrate our approach with several examples. We also note that the methodology is general and is not specific to hydrology applications. C1 Duke Univ, Inst Stat & Decis Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Math, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, BR-21945 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Lee, HKH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Inst Stat & Decis Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Ferreira, Marco/P-2079-2016 NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1198/004017002188618419 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 606LD UT WOS:000178734700003 ER PT J AU Curtiss, LA Raghavachari, K AF Curtiss, LA Raghavachari, K TI Gaussian-3 and related methods for accurate thermochemistry SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE computational thermochemistry; ab initio molecular orbital theory; molecular energies ID QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; ZERO-POINT ENERGIES; COEFFICIENT CORRELATION METHOD; 3RD-ROW ATOMS K; MOLLER-PLESSET; PERTURBATION-THEORY; MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; GA-KR; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES AB In this paper, we present an overview of Gaussian-3 (G3) theory, a composite technique that employs a sequence of ab initio molecular orbital calculations to derive a total energy of a given molecular species. This method provides accurate energies of molecular systems for the calculation of enthalpies of formation, ionization potentials, electron affinities, proton affinities, etc. Also covered in this review are several variants of G3 theory including one based on scale factors (G3S) and an extended version (G3X) that uses improved geometries and larger Hartree-Fock basis sets. Finally, the G3/99 test set of accurate experimental data that is used for critical assessment is described. Overall, G3 theory has a mean absolute deviation from experiment of 1.07 kcal mol(-1) for the G3/99 test set and G3 S theory has a, similar accuracy of 1.08 kcal mol(-1.) G3X theory is significantly more accurate with the mean absolute deviation/from experiment decreasing from 1.07 kcal mol(-1) (G3) to 0.95 kcal mol(-1) (G3X). The scaled version of G3X theory shows a similar improvement. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Curtiss, LA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM curtiss@anl.gov NR 60 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 108 IS 2 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s00214-002-0355-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 597UV UT WOS:000178239900001 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZB Hershberger, J Yalisove, SM Bilello, JC AF Zhao, ZB Hershberger, J Yalisove, SM Bilello, JC TI Determination of residual stress in thin films: a comparative study of X-ray topography versus laser curvature method SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE stress; X-ray diffraction; double crystal diffraction topography; laser scanning ID DOUBLE-CRYSTAL TOPOGRAPHY; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; DIFFRACTION; SILICON; MULTILAYERS AB The residual stress in thin films has been determined by X-ray diffraction and laser scanning methods. The usual procedure is to measure the strain via lattice or physical curvature analysis and then to calculate the stress using continuum mechanics models. X-ray and laser techniques measure different physical quantities. In the former case, the curvature of crystal lattice planes is assessed while in the latter situation the curvature of physical surface of the sample is measured. In principle, these two methods should yield the same results. The current experiments use the latest two-dimensional X-ray double crystal diffraction topography (DCDT) and a laser scanning technique (LST) to determine the quantities of interest for a variety of thin films deposited on Si (10 0) wafers. The measurements by the two techniques were performed on the same samples, at the same time, under exactly identical conditions. For specimens where the residual stresses produce large curvatures of both types (lattice curvature and surface curvature), the results for DCDT and LST agree within the experimental error. When small to moderate curvatures are present, the two methods deviate to varying degrees. This deviation is of special significance in determining residual stress in nanometer-thickness films. Nevertheless, DCDT and LST generally yield similar results on differential curvatures, i.e. the stress induced curvature differentials. When proper consideration is taken for the inherent limits of each technique, both DCDT and LST can be used as valid procedures for stress measurement in thin film-substrate systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Delphi Res Labs, Shelby Township, MI 48315 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Nanomat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Zhao, ZB (reprint author), Delphi Res Labs, 51786 Shelby Pkwy, Shelby Township, MI 48315 USA. EM zhibo.zhao@delphiauto.com NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 1 PY 2002 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 31 AR PII S0040-6090(02)00489-3 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00489-3 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 596ZW UT WOS:000178198000005 ER PT J AU Thrall, KD Weitz, KK Woodstock, AD AF Thrall, KD Weitz, KK Woodstock, AD TI Use of real-time breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to evaluate dermal absorption of aqueous toluene in human volunteers SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dermal; toluene; human; aqueous; PBPK; breath analysis ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHLORINATED TAP WATER; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; CHLOROFORM EXPOSURE; CHEMICALS; TEMPERATURE; SOLVENTS AB Toluene is a ubiquitous chemical that is commonly used for its solvent properties in industry and manufacturing, and is a component of many paint products. Although human exposure to toluene is most likely to be through inhalation, toluene is also found in well and surface water. Therefore, an assessment of the dermal contribution to total toluene uptake is useful for understanding human exposures. To evaluate the significance of these exposures, the dermal absorption of toluene was assessed in human volunteers using a combination of real-time exhaled breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Human volunteers wearing swimsuits were submerged in warm tap water to neck level in a stainless steel hydrotherapy tub containing an initial concentration of approximately 500-mug/l toluene. Volunteers were provided purified breathing air to eliminate inhalation exposures, and exhaled breath was continually analyzed before, during, and post exposure to track the absorption and subsequent elimination of the compound in real time. A PBPK model was used to estimate the dermal permeability coefficient (K-p) to describe each set of exhaled breath data from 4-6 human volunteers. An average K-p value of 0.012 +/- 0.007 cm/h was found to provide a good fit to all data sets. Volunteers also participated in a second study phase, in which the subject was allowed to breathe the room air during immersion, thus both dermal and inhalation exposures to toluene occurred. Exhaled breath analyses revealed that concurrent inhalation of volatilized toluene resulted in a transient increase in the peak exhaled-breath level by 100 ppb, or an approximate 50% increase over breath levels observed in dermal-only studies. For perspective, the total intake of toluene associated with oral consumption of 2 liters of water containing toluene at bath water concentrations were estimated to be more than 30 times greater than the dermal contribution due to bathing. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Mol Biosci Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thrall, KD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Mol Biosci Dept, 902 Battelle Blvd,Mail Stop P7-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1-P42-ES10338-01] NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.2.280 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 580GC UT WOS:000177226000005 PM 12151623 ER PT J AU Lingohr, MK Bull, RJ Kato-Weinstein, J Thrall, BD AF Lingohr, MK Bull, RJ Kato-Weinstein, J Thrall, BD TI Dichloroacetate stimulates glycogen accumulation in primary hepatocytes through an insulin-independent mechanism SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dichloroacetate; glycogen; insulin; insulin receptor; PKB; Akt; PI3K; hepatocyte ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE-B; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; B6C3F1 MICE; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE; SYNTHASE KINASE-3; RAT HEPATOCYTES; S6 KINASE; IN-VITRO; ACTIVATION AB Dichloroacetate (DCA), a by-product of water chlorination, causes liver cancer in B6C3F1 mice. A hallmark response observed in mice exposed to carcinogenic doses of DCA is an accumulation of hepatic glycogen content. To distinguish whether the in vivo glycogenic effect of DCA was dependent on insulin and insulin signaling proteins, experiments were conducted in isolated hepatocytes where insulin concentrations could be controlled. In hepatocytes isolated from male B6C3F1 mice, DCA increased glycogen levels in a dose-related manner, independently of insulin. The accumulation of hepatocellular glycogen induced by DCA was not the result of decreased glycogenolysis, since DCA had no effect on the rate of glucagon-stimulated glycogen breakdown. Glycogen accumulation caused by DCA treatment was not hindered by inhibitors of extracellular-regulated protein kinase kinase (Erk1/2 kinase or MEK) or p70 kDa S6 protein kinase (p70(S6K)), but was completely blocked by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin. Similarly, insulin-stimulated glycogen deposition was not influenced by the Erk1/2 kinase inhibitor, PD098509, or the p70(S6K) inhibitor, rapamycin. Unlike DCA-stimulated glycogen deposition, PI3K-inhibition only partially blocked the glycogenic effect of insulin. DCA did not cause phosphorylation of the downstream PI3K target protein, protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). The phosphorylation of PKB/Akt did not correlate to insulin-stimulated glycogenesis either. Similar to insulin, DCA in the medium decreased IR expression in isolated hepatocytes. The results indicate DCA increases hepatocellular glycogen accumulation through a PI3K-dependent mechanism that does not involve PKB/Akt and is, at least in part, different from the classical insulin-stimulated glycogenesis pathway. Somewhat surprisingly, insulin-stimulated glycogenesis also appears not to involve PKB/Akt in isolated murine hepatocytes. C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bull, RJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ Tri Cities, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 508 EP 515 DI 10.1093/toxsci/68.2.508 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 580GC UT WOS:000177226000030 PM 12151648 ER PT J AU Nieh, TG AF Nieh, TG TI Deformation of metallic glasses with special emphasis in supercooled liquid region SO TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ordered Intermetallic Compounds and Advanced Materials CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL ZHANGJIAJIE, PEOPLES R CHINA DE metallic glass; viscous flow; superplasticity; dynamic crystallization; amorphous alloys; Newtonian flow ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; FLOW; SUPERPLASTICITY; PHASE AB Upon deforming a metallic glass at low temperatures, shear tends to localize and this leads to a brittle behavior. However, in the high temperature, and particularly in the supercooled liquid region, homogeneous deformation begins to take place. A bulk amorphous Zr-10Al-5Ti-17. 9Cu-14. 6Ni alloy was observed to exhibit the Newtonian behavior at low strain rates but becomes non-Newtonian at high strain rates in the supercooled liquid region. Structures of the amorphous material, both before and after deformation, were examined using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. Results showed the presence of nanocrystallites in the deformed samples. Thus, the non-Newtonian behavior is attributable to the concurrent crystallization of the amorphous structure during deformation. A mechanistic model is presented to interpret the observed non-Newtonian result. A phenomenological approach is also used to develop the deformation map for bulk metallic glasses in the supercooled liquid region. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLERTON PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 18 WEST 27TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1003-6326 J9 T NONFERR METAL SOC JI Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China PD AUG PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 726 EP 733 AR UNSP 1003-6326(2002)04-0726-08 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 581WL UT WOS:000177317200036 ER PT J AU Jiang, L Wang, H Liaw, PK Brooks, CR Klarstrom, DL AF Jiang, L Wang, H Liaw, PK Brooks, CR Klarstrom, DL TI Effects of cyclic loading on temperature evolution of ULTIMET (R) superalloy: experiment and theoretical modeling SO TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ordered Intermetallic Compounds and Advanced Materials CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL ZHANGJIAJIE, PEOPLES R CHINA DE fatigue; thermography; temperature; constitutive model; NDE; superalloy ID STRESS-ANALYSIS; TOTAL STRAIN; FATIGUE; METALS AB High-speed, high-resolution infrared thermography, as a non-contact, full-field, and nondestructive technique, was used to study the temperature variations of a cobalt-based ULTIMET alloy subjected to cyclic fatigue. During each fatigue cycle, the temperature oscillations, which were due to the thermal-elastic-plastic effects, were observed and related to stress-strain analyses. The change of temperature during fatigue was utilized to reveal the accumulation of fatigue damage. A constitutive model was developed for predicting the thermal and mechanical responses of ULTIMET alloy subjected to cyclic deformation. The model was constructed in light of internal-state variables, which were developed to characterize the inelastic strain of the material during cyclic loading. The predicted stress-strain and temperature responses were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Haynes Int Inc, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1003-6326 EI 2210-3384 J9 T NONFERR METAL SOC JI Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China PD AUG PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 734 EP 747 AR UNSP 1003-6326(2002)04-0734-14 PG 14 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 581WL UT WOS:000177317200037 ER PT J AU Greenwood, MS Bamberger, JA AF Greenwood, MS Bamberger, JA TI Measurement of viscosity and shear wave velocity of a liquid or slurry for on-line process control SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE liquid density measurements; slurry density measurements; shear wave velocity measurement; density sensor; densimeter; ultrasonic sensor; on-line sensor; process control; reflection coefficients; suspension characterization; viscosity measurement; viscometer AB An on-line sensor to measure the density of a liquid or slurry, based on longitudinal wave reflection at the solid-fluid interface, has been developed by the staff at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The objective of this research is to employ shear wave reflection at the solid-fluid interface to provide an on-line measurement of viscosity as well. Both measurements are of great interest for process control in many industries. Shear wave reflection measurements were conducted for a variety of liquids. By analyzing multiple reflections within the solid (only 0.63 cm thick-similar to pipe wall thickness) we increased the sensitivity of the measurement. At the sixth echo, sensitivity was increased sufficiently and this echo was used for fluid interrogation. Shear wave propagation of ultrasound in liquids is dependent upon the viscosity and the shear modulus. The data are analyzed using the theory for light liquids (such as water and sugar water solutions) and also using the theory for highly viscous liquids (such as silicone oils). The results show that, for light liquids, the shear wave reflection measurements interrogate the viscosity. However, for highly viscous liquids, it is the shear wave modulus that dominates the shear wave reflection. Since the density is known, the shear wave velocity in the liquid can be determined from the shear wave modulus. The results show that shear wave velocities in silicone oils are very small and range from 315 to 2389 cm/s. Shear wave reflection measurements are perhaps the only way that shear wave velocity in liquids can be determined, because the shear waves in liquids are highly attenuated. These results show that, depending on the fluid characteristics, either the viscosity or the shear wave velocity can be used for process control. There are several novel features of this sensor: (1) The sensor can be mounted as part of the wall of a pipeline or tank or submerged in a tank. (2) The sensor is very compact and can be located within the process stream. (3) The sensor can interrogate and characterize very attenuative liquids or slurries because the sensor operation depends upon reflection at the interface between the solid and the fluid, rather than on transmission through a liquid. (4) The sensor performance is not affected by fluid flow rate, entrained air, or vibration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greenwood, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD AUG PY 2002 VL 39 IS 9 BP 623 EP 630 AR PII S0041-624X(02)00372-4 DI 10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00372-4 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 584UY UT WOS:000177488200004 PM 12206629 ER PT J AU Glassley, WE Nitao, JJ Grant, CW AF Glassley, William E. Nitao, John J. Grant, Charles W. TI The Impact of Climate Change on the Chemical Composition of Deep Vadose Zone Waters SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB Chloride mass balance, and stable (deuterium and (18)O) and radiogenic (3H, 36Cl) isotope studies of deep vadose zone pore waters have generally concluded that variations in moisture flux can account for the observed variations in abundance of these approximately conservative tracers. It can be inferred, on the basis of these observations and interpretations, that a climate change record is preserved in these vadose zone waters. In arid regions where thick (>100 m) vadose zones persist, it has been concluded that this record may extend back more than 100 000 yr. Consideration of the mechanisms that control reactive transport led to the conclusion that such climate- driven effects will also be evident as chemical reactions involving dissolution and/or precipitation of mineral phases along the flow pathway. As a result, there should also be variations in the concentrations of nonconservative chemical species that correspond to changes in the concentrations of the conservative tracers. Simulations of this reactive transport, in a regime typical of the arid U.S. Southwest, demonstrate that these changes can modify pore water chemistry by factors of up to 200%, but the changes take place slowly, requiring thousands of years to achieve steady-state conditions. This suggests that a very rich archive of climate change history is preserved in this type of setting. However, extracting that history is currently hampered by limitations in data and models (e.g., effective mineral reactive surface areas, fluid flow pathways, and quantified models of wetted fracture surface in unsaturated, fractured systems). This challenge may be overcome if coordinated efforts are undertaken that exploit the power of detailed studies of isotope systematics, microscale rock characterization, and high performance computing. C1 [Glassley, William E.; Nitao, John J.; Grant, Charles W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glassley, WE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM glassley1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-48] FX Comments from Nina Rosenberg and Charles Carrigan on an early version of the manuscript, and thorough reviews by Scott Tyler and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved this paper and are gratefully acknowledged. Editorial handling by Bridget Scanlon refined the manuscript significantly and is gratefully acknowledged. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-Eng-48. NR 85 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UW UT WOS:000207557500002 ER PT J AU Pruess, K Yabusaki, S Steefel, C Lichtner, P AF Pruess, Karsten Yabusaki, Steve Steefel, Carl Lichtner, Peter TI Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, and Solute Transport at Nuclear Waste Storage Tanks in the Hanford Vadose Zone SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB At the Hanford Site, highly radioactive and chemically aggressive waste fluids have leaked from underground storage tanks into the vadose zone. This paper addresses hydrogeological issues at the 241-SX tank farm, especially focusing on Tank SX-108, which is one of the highest heat load, supernate density and ionic strength tanks at Hanford and a known leaker. The behavior of contaminants in the unsaturated zone near SX-108 is determined by an interplay of multiphase fluid flow and heat transfer processes with reactive chemical transport in a complex geological setting. Numerical simulation studies were performed to obtain a better understanding of mass and energy transport in the unique hydrogeologic system created by the SX tank farm. Problem parameters are patterned after conditions at Tank SX-108, and measured data were used whenever possible. Borrowing from techniques developed in geothermal and petroleum reservoir engineering, our simulations feature a comprehensive description of multiphase processes, including boiling and condensation phenomena, and precipitation and dissolution of solids. We find that the thermal perturbation from the tank causes large-scale redistribution of moisture and alters water seepage patterns. During periods of high heat load, fluid and heat flow near the tank are dominated by vapor-liquid counterflow (heat pipe), which provides a much more efficient mechanism than heat conduction for dissipating tank heat. The heat pipe mechanism is also very effective in concentrating dissolved solids near the heat source, where salts may precipitate even if they were only present in small concentrations in ambient fluids. Tank leaks that released aqueous fluids of high ionic strength into the vadose zone were also modeled. The heat load causes formation dry-out beneath the tank, which is accompanied by precipitation of solutes. These may become remobilized at a later time when tank temperatures decline and previously dried out regions are rewetted. Simulated temperature and moisture distributions compare well with borehole measurements performed in 2000. The temperature maximum observed beneath Tank SX-108 can be explained from past thermal history of the tank; it is not necessary to invoke heat generation from leaked radioactive contaminants. A novel composite medium model is used to explore effects of moisture tension-dependent anisotropy, which is shown to have important impacts on fluid flow and solute transport in the Hanford sediments. C1 [Pruess, Karsten] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yabusaki, Steve] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Steefel, Carl] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lichtner, Peter] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pruess, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM K_Pruess@lbl.gov RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX Helpful discussions with Tianfu Xu are appreciated. For a review of the manuscript and the suggestion of improvements we thank Stefan Finsterle, Tianfu Xu, and Andy Ward. Tom Jones and Ron Corbin provided additional data and valuable suggestions for this study. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions for improving the paper. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 through Memorandum Purchase Order 248861-A-B2 between Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 68 EP 88 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UW UT WOS:000207557500005 ER PT J AU Hu, QH Kneafsey, TJ Trautz, RC Wang, JSY AF Hu, Qinhong Kneafsey, Timothy J. Trautz, Robert C. Wang, Joseph S. Y. TI Tracer Penetration into Welded Tuff Matrix from Flowing Fractures SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Field and laboratory tracer experiments were conducted to investigate the extent of tracer imbibition and penetration into unsaturated, fractured rock matrix at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Field experiments were carried out in the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF), an underground tunnel at Yucca Mountain. Water containing dye was released into horizontal boreholes drilled into the wall of the ESF main drift. The region was then mined to observe the flow pathways and to collect dye-stained rock samples for subsequent laboratory quantification. Dye concentration profiles in the rock, measured using a newly developed sampling technique, showed that liquid flowing through the fractures penetrated into the matrix to a depth of several millimeters. Laboratory studies of tracer penetration into the rock matrix were conducted using tracer-free rock samples, collected from the same hydrogeologic unit and machined into cylindrical cores. Tracer-imbibition tests were performed on cores at two different initial water saturations with both sorbing (dyes) and nonsorbing tracers. The travel distance for sorbing dyes was a few millimeters after similar to 16 to 20 h, similar to the extent measured in samples from the field test. The nonsorbing bromide front coincided with the wetting front in the rock core at the initial water saturation of 12%, and the imbibition depth agreed very well with the prediction, using independently measured properties. At the high initial water saturation of 76%, the bromide front lagged significantly behind the wetting front. Sorption coefficients for the dyes in the partially saturated core samples were calculated using two independent approaches, based on tracer travel-distance and mass-distribution calculations, and were found to yield comparable results. Utilization of nonsorbing tracers with different molecular sizes helped to identify the effects of pore-size restriction on tracer transport during imbibition. The results from this work have a direct application to radionuclide transport at Yucca Mountain, and the methods presented are broadly applicable to the investigation of water and solute transport in unsaturated rock. C1 [Hu, Qinhong; Kneafsey, Timothy J.; Trautz, Robert C.; Wang, Joseph S. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, QH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM q_hu@lbl.gov RI Hu, Qinhong/C-3096-2009; Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014 OI Hu, Qinhong/0000-0002-4782-319X; Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587 FU Director, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, U.S. Department of Energy; Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, U.S. Department of Energy, through Memorandum Purchase Order EA9013MC5X between Bechtel SAIC Company, LLC and the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). We thank Jil Geller, Peter Persoff, and Dan Hawkes of LBNL for many helpful comments. We also appreciate constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 102 EP 112 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UW UT WOS:000207557500007 ER PT J AU Lu, ZM Zhang, DX AF Lu, Zhiming Zhang, Dongxiao TI Stochastic Analysis of Transient Flow in Heterogeneous, Variably Saturated Porous Media: The van Genuchten-Mualem Constitutive Model SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In this study, on the basis of the van Genuchten-Mualem constitutive relationship, we develop a general nonstationary stochastic model for transient, variably saturated flow in randomly heterogeneous media with the method of moment equations. We first derive partial differential equations governing the statistical moments of the flow quantities by perturbation expansions and then implement these equations under general conditions with the method of finite differences. The nonstationary stochastic model developed is applicable to the entire domain of bounded, multidimensional vadose zones or integrated unsaturated-saturated systems in the presence of random or deterministic recharge and sink-source and in the presence of multiscale,nonstationary medium features. We demonstrate the model with some two-dimensional examples of unsaturated and integrated unsaturated-saturated flows. The validity of the developed stochastic model is confirmed through high-resolution Monte Carlo simulations. We also investigate the relative contributions of the soil variabilities (K(S), alpha, and n) as well as the variability in recharge Q to the pressure head variance. It is found that the pressure head variance is sensitive to these variabilities, in the order of n, alpha, K(S), and Q. Though the variability of alpha and n is usually smaller than that of K(S) and Q, their effect on the pressure head variance should not be ignored. C1 [Lu, Zhiming; Zhang, Dongxiao] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM donzhang@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Lu, Zhiming/0000-0001-5800-3368 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory, LDRD [99025] FX This work was partially funded by the LDRD project 99025 from Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy. We wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers and Jan W. Hopmans (the associate editor) for their constructive comments. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 137 EP 149 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UW UT WOS:000207557500010 ER PT J AU Gee, GW Ward, AL Zhang, ZF Campbell, GS Mathison, J AF Gee, G. W. Ward, A. L. Zhang, Z. F. Campbell, G. S. Mathison, J. TI The Influence of Hydraulic Nonequilibrium on Pressure Plate Data SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Pressure plates are used routinely to measure water-retention characteristics of soils. Plates of varying porosity are used, depending on the pressure range of interest. For applied pressures up to 1.5 MPa, 15-bar porous ceramic plates with fine porosity are used because of their high bubbling pressure (>1.5 MPa), which limits airflow through the plate. The typical saturated hydraulic conductivity of the 15-bar plate is <3 x 10(-11) ms(-1). Low plate conductance coupled with decreasing soil hydraulic conductivities at high pressures strongly influence equilibrium times, which theoretically may extend to months or years. We measured the soil water pressures (suctions) for three soils, a sand, a silt loam, and a clay, placed on 15-bar pressure plates for 10 d or longer, with and without static loads and with and without using a kaolinite slurry to improve plate contact. Total matric suctions, inferred from peltier psychrometry data, were always <1.0 MPa. When sample height was increased from 1.5 to 3 cm, the water contents increased and total suctions decreased to 0.15 MPa for sand, 0.3 MPa for silt loam, and 0.55 MPa for clay. These data suggest that alternative methods other than pressure plates may be required to measure equilibrium water suctions of soils in reasonable times in the 1.5-MPa (15-bar) pressure range and that loading of the samples and use of kaolinite slurry appear to be ineffective in speeding equilibrium. C1 [Gee, G. W.; Ward, A. L.; Zhang, Z. F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99353 USA. [Campbell, G. S.] Decagon Devices, Pullman, WA USA. [Mathison, J.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Gee, GW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99353 USA. EM glendon.gee@pnl.gov OI Zhang, Fred/0000-0001-8676-6426 NR 23 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 172 EP 178 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UW UT WOS:000207557500014 ER PT J AU Stephens, DB Kowall, SJ Borns, D Ellis, D Everett, LG van Genuchten, MT Graham, M Parker, F Weeks, E Wilson, J AF Stephens, Daniel B. Kowall, Stephen J. Borns, David Ellis, Darwin Everett, Lorne G. van Genuchten, Martinus Th. Graham, Michael Parker, Frank Weeks, Edwin Wilson, John CA Natl Vadose Zone S&T Roadmap TI A National Strategy for Vadose Zone Science and Technology SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 [Borns, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [van Genuchten, Martinus Th.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Parker, Frank] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 197 EP 198 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UW UT WOS:000207557500017 ER PT J AU Elmer, JW Terrill, P Brasher, D Butler, D AF Elmer, JW Terrill, P Brasher, D Butler, D TI Joining depleted uranium to high-strength aluminum using an explosively clad niobium interlayer SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE explosive welding; dissimilar metal welding; aluminum; niobium; uranium; mechanical properties; metal claddings; electron beam welding; power density distribution; electron beam diagnostics AB A uranium alloy was joined to a high-strength aluminum alloy using a commercially pure niobium interlayer. The Nb interlayer was joined initially to the aluminum alloy using an explosive welding process, while the Nb interlayer was subsequently joined to the uranium alloy using an electron beam welding process. Explosive welding was selected to bond Nb to the aluminum alloy and minimize the formation of brittle intermetallic phases. Electron beam welding was selected to join the uranium alloy to the Nb to precisely control melting of the uranium alloy so it would wet the Nb substrate with minimum melting. A modified Faraday Cup (MFC) technique using computer-assisted tomography was employed to determine the power distribution of the electron beam so the welding parameters could be directly transferred to other welding machines. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microhardness, and tensile testing of joints were used to characterize the resulting joints. This paper presents the joining techniques and processing parameters developed to produce joints between these materials. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. High Energy Met Inc, Port Townsend, WA USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD AUG PY 2002 VL 81 IS 8 BP 167S EP 173S PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 746VA UT WOS:000186767300014 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Wong, SS AF Banerjee, S Wong, SS TI Structural characterization, optical properties, and improved solubility of carbon nanotubes functionalized with Wilkinson's catalyst SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SIDEWALL FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DISSOLUTION; PURIFICATION; RHODIUM(I); COMPLEXES; SOLVENTS; ROPES; NMR AB Oxidized carbon nanotubes have been reacted with Wilkinson's complex. It has been found that the Rh metal coordinates to these nanotubes through the increased number of oxygen atoms, forming a hexacoordinate structure around the Rh atom. The reaction process increases oxidized nanotube solubility in DMSO (>150 mg/L) as well as to acertain extent in DMF and THF. The functionalization process results in exfoliation of larger bundles of SWNTs and may select for the presence of distributions of smaller-diameter tubes. Optical data on the derivatized adducts suggest the possibility of interesting charge-transfer behavior across the metal-nanotube interface. An application has been made of this system as supports for homogeneous catalysis. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 47 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 31 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 30 BP 8940 EP 8948 AR UNSP JA026487O DI 10.1021/ja026487o PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 577RA UT WOS:000177074400043 PM 12137549 ER PT J AU Margolin, LG Rider, WJ AF Margolin, LG Rider, WJ TI A rationale for implicit turbulence modelling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE turbulence; large eddy simulation; Burgers' equation ID SIMULATIONS; FLOWS AB We present a rationale for the success of nonoscillatory finite volume (NFV) difference schemes in modelling turbulent flows without need of subgrid scale models. Our exposition focuses on certain truncation terms that appear in the modified equation of one particular NFV scheme, MPDATA. We demonstrate that these truncation terms have physical justification, representing the modifications to the governing equations that arise when one considers the motion of finite volumes of fluid over finite intervals of time. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Margolin, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JUL 30 PY 2002 VL 39 IS 9 BP 821 EP 841 DI 10.1002/fld.331 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 580AU UT WOS:000177212500004 ER PT J AU Sides, SW Curro, J Grest, GS Stevens, MJ Soddemann, T Habenschuss, A Londono, JD AF Sides, SW Curro, J Grest, GS Stevens, MJ Soddemann, T Habenschuss, A Londono, JD TI Structure of poly(dimethylsiloxane) melts: Theory, simulation, and experiment SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; INITIO FORCE-FIELD; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POLYMER MELTS; LIQUIDS; FLUIDS; POLYOLEFINS; SCATTERING; ALKANE AB Molecular dynamics simulations, integral equation theory, and wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments are used to study the structure of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) melt. Two different chain models are employed for the molecular dynamics: a united-atom class I potential and an explicit-atom class II potential. The effects of partial charges and attractions on the intermolecular pair correlation functions are studied for the united atom model. Good qualitative agreement between the polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM theory) and the simulations is found for the united atom model with charges and attractive dispersion interactions turned off. Simulation results for both the united-atom and explicit-atom models for the structure factor are in excellent agreement with the X-ray scattering measurements for high wavevector. However, the explicit-atom model gives significantly better agreement for low wavevector, particularly in the vicinity of the first peak. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EI Dupont, Expt Stn Lab, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Sides, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 30 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 16 BP 6455 EP 6465 DI 10.1021/ma020014k PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 577YJ UT WOS:000177090400053 ER PT J AU Dickerson, JH Son, JK Mendez, EE Allerman, AA AF Dickerson, JH Son, JK Mendez, EE Allerman, AA TI Electric-field tuning of the Rabi splitting in a superlattice-embedded microcavity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITIES; POLARITON PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; QUANTUM MICROCAVITY; WELLS AB We have demonstrated comprehensive electric field tuning of the Rabi splitting between the excitonic and photonic modes of a superlattice-embedded microcavity. Using photocurrent spectroscopy to measure the coupling between the modes, we have tuned the microcavity to the maximum possible splitting. We have observed a marked increase in the splitting from 4.5 to 11.5 meV, due to the electric-field enhancement of the superlattice exciton's oscillator strength and the oscillator strength's subsequent decrease due to the quantum confined Stark effect. As well, we have determined the oscillator strength for the exciton, finding good agreement with theoretical and experimental values. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dickerson, JH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Dickerson, James/F-7950-2013 OI Dickerson, James/0000-0001-9636-6303 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 5 BP 803 EP 805 DI 10.1063/1.1495901 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 576MK UT WOS:000177008900006 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wojtowicz, T Lim, WL Liu, X Sasaki, Y Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wojtowicz, T Lim, WL Liu, X Sasaki, Y Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK TI Determination of free hole concentration in ferromagnetic Ga1-xMnxAs using electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS AB We demonstrate that electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling can be used to determine the free hole concentration in heavily p-type doped low-temperature-grown GaAs films. This provides a simple and reliable method for measuring the hole concentration in ferromagnetic Ga1-xMnxAs semiconductor alloys. The method overcomes the complications that arise from the anomalous Hall effect term which affects standard transport studies of carrier concentration in conducting ferromagnetic materials. Specifically, we find that the maximum Curie temperature of about 111 K found for our Ga0.91Mn0.09As samples corresponds to a hole concentration of 10(21) cm(-3). (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Warsaw, Poland. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; NR 13 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 5 BP 844 EP 846 DI 10.1063/1.1496143 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 576MK UT WOS:000177008900020 ER PT J AU Li, B Corbett, JD AF Li, B Corbett, JD TI KNa3In9: A zintl network phase built of layered indium icosahedra and zigzag chains. Synthesis, structure, bonding, and properties SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC PHASES; TRANSITION-METALS; CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; GALLIUM; CHEMISTRY; COMPOUND; BOUNDARY; HALIDES; LA3IN5; RB AB This phase was discovered following direct fusion of the elements in welded Nb tubes at 550 degreesC and equilibration at 300 degreesC for 1 week. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that KNa3In9 crystallizes in an orthorhombic system (Cmca, Z = 8, a = 9.960(1) Angstrom, b =16.564(2) Angstrom, c = 17.530(2) Angstrom, 23 degreesC). The structure contains a three-dimensional indium network built of layers of empty In-12 icosahedra that are each 12-bonded and interconnected by 4-bonded indium atoms that also form zigzag chains. All cations bridge between cluster faces or edges, and their mixed sizes appear critical to the stability of this particular structure, which does not occur in either binary system. Both empirical electron counting and EHTB band structure calculations on the macroanion indicate that the bonding in this structure is closed-shell, whereas resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measures show that the compound is a moderately poor metal. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jdc@ameslab.gov NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 15 BP 3944 EP 3949 AR UNSP IC020152Q DI 10.1021/ic020152q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 575XH UT WOS:000176973400019 PM 12132919 ER PT J AU Pestovsky, G Bakac, A AF Pestovsky, G Bakac, A TI Generation and reactivity of rhodium(IV) complexes in aqueous solutions SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE; REDOX REACTIONS; HYDROPEROXOCHROMIUM(III) ION; PLATINUM ELEMENTS; RATE CONSTANTS; OXIDATION; KINETICS; REDUCTION; THERMODYNAMICS AB At pH = 1 and 25 degreesC, the Fenton-like reactions of Fe-aq(2+) with hydroperoxorhodium complexes (LRhOOH2+)-O-III (L = (H2O)(NH3)(4), k = 30 M-1 s(-1), and L = L-2 = (H2O)(meso-Me-6-[14]aneN(4)), k = 31 M-1 s(-1)) generate short-lived, reactive intermediates, believed to be the rhodium(IV) species (LRhO2+)-O-IV. In the rapid follow-up steps, these transients oxidize Fe-aq(2+), and the overall reaction has the standard 2:1 [Fe-aq(2+)]/[LRhOOH2+] stoichiometry. Added substrates, such as alcohols, aldehydes, and (NH3)(4)(H2O)RhH2+, compete with Fe-aq(2+) for (LRhO2+)-O-IV, causing the stoichiometry to change to <2:1. Such competition data were used to determine relative reactivities of (NH3)(4)RhO2+ toward CH3OH (1), CD3OH (0.2), C2H5OH (2.7), 2-C3H7OH (3.4), 2-C3D7OH (1.0), CH2O (12.5), C2H5CHO (45), and (NH3)(4)-RhH (2+) (125). The kinetics and products suggest hydrogen atom abstraction for (NH3)(4)RhO2+/alcohol reactions. A short chain reaction observed with C2H5CHO is consistent with both hydrogen atom and hydride transfer. The rate constant for the reaction between Tl-aq(III) and (LRh2+)-Rh-2 is 2.25 x 10(5) M-1 s(-1). C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 15 BP 3975 EP 3982 AR UNSP IC0256415 DI 10.1021/ic0256415 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 575XH UT WOS:000176973400024 ER PT J AU Morton, AC Chow, JC King, JD Boyd, RN Bateman, NPT Buchmann, L D'Auria, JM Davinson, T Dombsky, M Galster, W Gete, E Giesen, U Iliadis, C Jackson, KP Powell, J Roy, G Shotter, A AF Morton, AC Chow, JC King, JD Boyd, RN Bateman, NPT Buchmann, L D'Auria, JM Davinson, T Dombsky, M Galster, W Gete, E Giesen, U Iliadis, C Jackson, KP Powell, J Roy, G Shotter, A TI Beta-delayed particle decay of Ne-17 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Ne-17 beta(+) p; beta(+) α measured E-p,E- E-alpha; p gamma-coincidence, angular correlations; deduced log ft, GT strenght; F-17 deduced levels, J,; pi, particle decay branching ratios ID C-12(ALPHA,GAMMA)O-16 REACTION; ENERGY-LEVELS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; PROTON DECAY; F-17; STATE; N-17 AB The beta-delayed particle decay of Ne-17 has been studied via proton-gamma coincidences, time-of-flight measurements and the "ratio-cut technique", allowing cleanly-separated proton and alpha-particle spectra to be obtained. A complete set of proton and branching ratios for the decay of 14 excited states in F-17 to the ground and excited states of O-16 and N-13 has been determined and branching ratios for the beta decay of Ne-17 to these states have been deduced. From the branching ratios, f(A)t values and reduced Gamow-Teller matrix elements were calculated; no indication of isospin mixing in the isobaric analog state in F-17 was observed. From the measurement of proton-gamma angular correlations, combined with the selection rules for an allowed,6 decay, we obtain J(pi) for states at 8.436 and 9.450 MeV and 3(-)/2 for the state at 10.030 MeV in F-17. Probabilities for the beta-delayed palpha decay to C-12 through the tails of the subthreshold 7.117 and 6.917 MeV states in O-16 have been calculated and the feasibility of using such decays to provide information about the rates for the El and E2 components of the C-12(alpha, gamma)O-16 reaction is discussed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B. V. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Catholique Louvain, Dept Phys, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, South Bend, IN 46656 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP King, JD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RI Morton, Colin/K-1561-2015 OI Morton, Colin/0000-0003-0214-7551 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 706 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 47 AR PII S0375-9474(02)00862-X DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(02)00862-X PG 33 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KD UT WOS:000176944700002 ER PT J AU Al-Yacoub, A Bellaiche, L Wei, SH AF Al-Yacoub, A Bellaiche, L Wei, SH TI Piezoelectric coefficients of complex semiconductor alloys from first-principles: The case of Ga1-xInxN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION; QUANTUM-WELLS; CONSTANTS; FIELD AB A first-principles-derived scheme is developed to compute the piezoelectric coefficients e(i j) of semiconductor alloys. This method is applied to study the effect of atomic arrangement and composition on e(33) in wurtzite Ga In1- x N-x . Results obtained by this method for ordered structures are in good agreement with direct first-principles calculations. We predict that atomic ordering can have a large effect on piezoelectricity and that e(33) of disordered materials is nearly linear with composition. Microscopic origins for these features are revealed. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 5 AR 057601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.057601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 574UG UT WOS:000176907500036 PM 12144463 ER PT J AU Helm, C Bulaevskii, LN Chudnovsky, EM Maley, MP AF Helm, C Bulaevskii, LN Chudnovsky, EM Maley, MP TI Reflectivity and microwave absorption in crystals with alternating intrinsic Josephson junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PLASMA RESONANCE; SMLA0.8SR0.2CUO4-DELTA; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; OSCILLATIONS; MODES; PHASE AB We compute the frequency and magnetic field dependencies of the reflectivity R(omega) in layered superconductors with two alternating intrinsic Josephson junctions with different critical current densities and quasiparticle conductivities for the electric field polarized along the c axis. The parameter alpha describing the electronic compressibility of the layers and the charge coupling of neighboring junctions was extracted for the SmLa1-xSr xCuO (4-delta) superconductor from two independent optical measurements, the fit of the loss function L(omega) at zero magnetic field and the magnetic field dependence of the peak positions in L(omega). The experiments are consistent with a free electron value for alpha. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Phys, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. RP Helm, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 5 AR 057003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.057003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 574UG UT WOS:000176907500033 PM 12144460 ER PT J AU Ishimaru, M Bae, IT Hirotsu, Y Matsumura, S Sickafus, KE AF Ishimaru, M Bae, IT Hirotsu, Y Matsumura, S Sickafus, KE TI Structural relaxation of amorphous silicon carbide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ATOMISTIC STRUCTURES; SIC FILMS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; AMORPHIZATION; ALLOYS; DIFFRACTION AB We have examined amorphous structures of silicon carbide (SiC) using both transmission electron microscopy and a molecular-dynamics approach. Radial distribution functions revealed that amorphous SiC contains not only heteronuclear (Si-C) bonds but also homonuclear (Si-Si and C-C) bonds. The ratio of heteronuclear to homonuclear bonds was found to change upon annealing, suggesting that structural relaxation of the amorphous SiC occurred. Good agreement was obtained between the simulated and experimentally measured radial distribution functions. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Osaka Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Dept Appl Quantum Phys & Nucl Engn, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Dept Energy Sci & Engn, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ishimaru, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 26 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 5 AR 055502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.055502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 574UG UT WOS:000176907500022 PM 12144449 ER EF