FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kim, J Chou, KC Somorjai, GA AF Kim, J Chou, KC Somorjai, GA TI Investigations of the potential-dependent structure of phenylalanine on the glassy carbon electrode by infrared-visible sum frequency generation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID IN-SITU FTIR; AMINO-ACIDS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ORIENTATION ANALYSIS; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; AU(111) ELECTRODE; WATER-MOLECULES; SURFACE; SFG AB We investigated the structure of adsorbed L-phenylalanine (Phe) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as a function of electrode potential using infrared-visible sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. Experiments using partially deuterated Phe confirmed that SFG signal originates from the CH stretch modes of the methylene group (CH2) in Phe. Quantitative analysis of SFG spectra revealed that Phe molecules adopt a conformation in which the dipole contribution of the asymmetric mode of the methylene group becomes greater than the symmetric mode with respect to the surface normal at highly positive electrode potential. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 36 BP 9198 EP 9200 DI 10.1021/jp0208541 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 591JR UT WOS:000177876900003 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA AF Somorjai, GA TI The evolution of surface chemistry. A personal view of building the future on past and present accomplishments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-PRESSURES; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; MOLECULAR-BEAM; TENSOR LEED AB Surface chemistry, like other branches of physical chemistry, historically developed through macrosopic studies. These included measurements of adsorption-desorption equilibria (adsorption isotherms), spreading of monomolecular films, surface dissociation of diatomic molecules, and kinetic studies of desorption, sticking, and catalytic oxidation of CO and H-2. Models of surface structures were proposed by Langmuir and Taylor on the bases of experimental findings. Molecular level studies of surface chemistry were delayed as compared to other fields of physical chemistry until the late 1950s as instrumentation to detect properties of the very small number of surface atoms (10(15) cm(-2)) in the presence of a large number of bulk atoms (10(22) cm(-3)) were not available. At present we have over 65 techniques (photon, electron, molecule, and ion scattering, and scanning probes) that can investigate composition, atomic and electronic structures, and the dynamics of their motion with less than or equal to1% of a monolayer sensitivity. Key results include: quantitative determinations of surface segregation of constituents that minimize surface free energy, discovery of clean surface reconstruction and adsorbate induced restructuring, and the uniquely high chemical activity of rough surfaces and defects (steps and kinks). In situ molecular studies during surface reaction reveal the need for restructuring of metal surface atoms by a highly mobile strongly adsorbed overlayer to maintain catalytic activity: additives that inhibit mobility on the surface poison chemical reactivity. New techniques permitting molecular surface studies at high pressures and at solid-liquid interfaces greatly accelerated the developments of molecular surface chemistry and permitted in situ studies of complex surface chemical phenomena: catalytic reactions, electrode surface chemistry, and polymer surfaces. As always, further developments of techniques control the rate of progress of molecular surface chemistry. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 95 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 36 BP 9201 EP 9213 DI 10.1021/jp0209751 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 591JR UT WOS:000177876900004 ER PT J AU Sui, G Orbulescu, J Mabrouki, M Micic, M Leblanc, RM Liu, SG Cormier, RA Gregg, BA AF Sui, G Orbulescu, J Mabrouki, M Micic, M Leblanc, RM Liu, SG Cormier, RA Gregg, BA TI Self-assembly of liquid crystal semiconductor molecules at the air/water interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PERYLENE BIS(PHENETHYLIMIDE) FILMS; PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES; DENDRIMER; DIIMIDES; LANGMUIR AB Self-assembly property of a new liquid crystalline perylene diimide derivative, N,N'-bis[3-[2-[2-[2-(2-cyanoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-propyl]perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxyldiimide (PPE4CN), was studied at the air/water interface by epifluorescence microscopy and on mica by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The self-assembly process started at surface pressure 5 mN/m. Molecular orientation changes of the PPE4CN molecules accompanied the self-assembly process at the air/water interface. It was found that the molecular orientation changed from face-on to edge-on orientation in the self-assembly process. These orientation changes were strongly supported by the analysis of the surface pressure-area isotherms, and by the topographic measurements at micro and nanoscale levels, including ESEM and AFM microscopies. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Leblanc, RM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RI MABROUKI, Mustapha/B-2421-2012; Orbulescu, Jhony/D-7829-2012 OI MABROUKI, Mustapha/0000-0001-8975-9803; Orbulescu, Jhony/0000-0001-9408-9787 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 36 BP 9335 EP 9340 DI 10.1021/jp025937w PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 591JR UT WOS:000177876900023 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, J Linden, PA Vaswani, HM Hiller, RG Fleming, GR AF Zimmermann, J Linden, PA Vaswani, HM Hiller, RG Fleming, GR TI Two-photon excitation study of peridinin in benzene and in the peridinin chlorophyll a-protein (PCP) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENT SYSTEM; EXCITED SINGLET-STATE; HARVESTING COMPLEX-II; ENERGY-TRANSFER; AMPHIDINIUM-CARTERAE; 2-PHOTON EXCITATION; PURPLE BACTERIA; S-1 STATE; CAROTENOIDS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Peridinin chlorophyll a-protein (PCP) is a unique light harvesting protein found in dinoflagellates, that contains a large amount of the carotenoid peridinin. Carotenoids have unusual spectroscopic properties due to their approximate G2h symmetry, which makes transitions from their ground states to their S-1 (S-2) states one-photon forbidden (allowed). To gain information about one-photon forbidden electronic states in peridinin, fluorescence excitation spectra were measured after two-photon excitation for peridinin in benzene and in the PCP. The samples were excited using 920-1320 nm light. Fluorescence of the isolated peridinin S-1 state was then measured at 750 nm. In PCP, the excited peridinin transfers energy to chlorophyll whose fluorescence was monitored at 670 nm. Surprisingly, two-photon absorption was observed in both the peridinin S-1 and S-2 regions, with the spectrum slightly red-shifted in the protein sample. The peridinin S-1 energy was found to be higher than that of typical light harvesting carotenoids, making its S-1 state very close in energy to its S-2 state. We suggest that peridinin's polar groups, symmetry breaking, and possible mixing of electronic states lead to two-photon character of the normally one-photon allowed S-0-S-2 transition. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zimmermann, Joerg/B-7725-2009 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 36 BP 9418 EP 9423 DI 10.1021/jp020565c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 591JR UT WOS:000177876900034 ER PT J AU Eisen, MB Brown, PO Varmus, HE AF Eisen, MB Brown, PO Varmus, HE TI Public-access group supports PubMed Central SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Eisen, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 419 IS 6903 BP 111 EP 111 DI 10.1038/419111c PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 592HK UT WOS:000177931200016 PM 12226637 ER PT J AU Suzuki, Y Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Banfield, JF AF Suzuki, Y Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Banfield, JF TI Radionuclide contamination - Nanometre-size products of uranium bioreduction SO NATURE LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Suzuki, Y (reprint author), Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237006, Japan. EM jill@seismo.berkeley.edu RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Suzuki, Yohey/G-4980-2014 NR 4 TC 201 Z9 210 U1 10 U2 66 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 419 IS 6903 BP 134 EP 134 DI 10.1038/419134a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 592HK UT WOS:000177931200032 PM 12226656 ER PT J AU Olsen, CL Gardie, GB Yaswen, P Stampfer, MR AF Olsen, CL Gardie, GB Yaswen, P Stampfer, MR TI Raf-1-induced growth arrest in human mammary epithelial cells is p16-independent and is overcome in immortal cells during conversion SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE conversion; senescence; immortalizatiom; Raf-1; p16(INK4a); human mammary epithelial cells ID RAF-1 PROTEIN-KINASE; CYCLE ARREST; ONCOGENIC RAS; CANCER CELLS; SENESCENCE; TRANSFORMATION; FIBROBLASTS; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION AB Using an estrogen-inducible retroviral system, we demonstrate that oncogenie Raf-1 induces growth arrest and morphological changes in finite lifespan human mammary epithelia] cells (HMEC). This arrest does not rely on expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p16(INK4a), nor on changes in expression of the CKIs p21(Cip1), p14(ARF), p27(Kip1) or p57(Kip2). The Raf-induced arrest is independent of viral oncogene mediated inactivation of p53 and pRB, or e-myc overexpression. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrates that cells arrest in both G1 and G2. The Raf-induced arrest is mitigated or eliminated in some immortally transformed HMEC. Immortal HMEC that have both overcome replicative senescence and undergone the recently described conversion process maintain growth in the presence of transduced oncogenic Raf-1; they also gain EGF-independent growth and a low frequency of anchorage-independent growth. However, HMEC that have overcome replicative senescence but have not undergone conversion and HMEC immortalized by transduction with the catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT, remain severely growth arrested. These results indicate that the molecular mechanisms responsible for the Raf-1-induced growth arrest may Nary among different finite lifespan cell types, and that in HMEC, this mechanism is altered during the conversion process, rather than as a direct consequence of overcoming senescence or expressing hTERT. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stampfer, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 70A-1118, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-24822] NR 35 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 41 BP 6328 EP 6339 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1205780 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 590NM UT WOS:000177829000009 PM 12214273 ER PT J AU Zhou, XY Wang, X Wang, HY Chen, DJ Li, GC Iliakis, G Wang, Y AF Zhou, XY Wang, X Wang, HY Chen, DJ Li, GC Iliakis, G Wang, Y TI Ku affects the ATM-dependent S phase checkpoint following ionizing radiation SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE ku; ATM; S phase checkpoint; ionizing radiation ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; DNA END BINDING; PROTEIN-KINASE; V(D)J RECOMBINATION; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; REPAIR; DAMAGE; CELLS; INVOLVEMENT; SENSITIVITY AB Following exposure to genotoxic stress, proliferating cells actively slow down DNA replication through an S phase checkpoint to provide time for repair. The ATM-dependent pathway plays an important role in the S phase checkpoint response following ionizing irradiation. We report that there is a stronger S phase checkpoint response in irradiated Ku80(-/-) cells as compared with their wild-type counterparts, which has no relationship to DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity but correlates with a higher ATM activity and with more ATM bound to chromatin DNA in such cells. Wortmannin, a nonspecific inhibitor of ATM, not only reduces the higher activity of ATM kinase, but also abolishes the stronger S phase checkpoint response in Ku80(-/-) cells. Furthermore, a specific ATM antisense oligonucleotide abolishes the stronger S checkpoint response in Ku80(-/-) cells and renders these cells practically indistinguishable from Ku80(+/+) cells for this endpoint. These results in aggregate indicate that the stronger S checkpoint in irradiated Ku80(-/-) cells is due to the higher ATM kinase activity. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Kimmel Canc Ctr, Jefferson Med Coll, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Sch Med, Inst Med Radiat Biol, D-45122 Essen, Germany. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Kimmel Canc Ctr, Jefferson Med Coll, Thompson Bldg,B1,1020 Sansom St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [T32-CA09137, CA 56909, P30-CA56036, CA76203, CA 50519]; NIA NIH HHS [AG18949] NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 41 BP 6377 EP 6381 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1205782 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 590NM UT WOS:000177829000014 PM 12214278 ER PT J AU Bower, GR Pierzchala, T Was, Z Worek, M AF Bower, GR Pierzchala, T Was, Z Worek, M TI Measuring the Higgs boson's parity using tau -> rho upsilon SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID QED RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; UNIVERSAL MONTE-CARLO; DECAY LIBRARY TAUOLA; CP VIOLATION; MASS; SPIN; COLLIDERS; PROSPECTS; PHOTOS; SECTOR AB We present a very promising method for a measurement of the Higgs boson parity using the H/A --> tau(+)tau(-) --> rho(+)(nu) over bar (tau)rho(-)nu(tau) --> pi(+)pi(0)(nu) over bar (tau)pi(-)pi(0)nu(tau) decay chain. The method is both model independent and independent of the Higgs production mechanism. Angular distributions of the tau decay products which are sensitive to the Higgs boson parity are defined and are found to be measurable using typical properties of a future detector for an e(+)e(-) linear collider. The prospects for the measurement of the parity of a Higgs boson with a mass of 120 GeV are quantified for the case of e(+)e(-) collisions of 500 GeV center of mass energy with an integrated luminosity of 500 fb(-1). The Standard Model Higgsstrahlung production process is used as an example. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-30055 Krakow, Poland. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM zbigniew.was@cern.ch RI Worek, Malgorzata /M-4575-2013 NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 543 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 234 AR PII S0370-2693(02)02445-0 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02445-0 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 602KX UT WOS:000178505400009 ER PT J AU Siino, JS Nazarov, IB Zalenskaya, IA Yau, PM Bradbury, EM Tomilin, NV AF Siino, JS Nazarov, IB Zalenskaya, IA Yau, PM Bradbury, EM Tomilin, NV TI End-joining of reconstituted histone H2AX-containing chromatin in vitro by soluble nuclear proteins from human cells SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE reconstituted chromatin; DNA end-joining; histone H2AX; phosphorylation ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; NUCLEOSOME CORE PARTICLE; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; DNA; REPAIR; H2AX; CONNECTION; STABILITY; ATM AB Non-homologous end-joining is an important pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. This type of DNA break is followed by the rapid phosphorylation of Ser-139 in the histone variant H2AX to form gamma-H2AX. Here we report efficient in vitro end-joining of reconstituted chromatin containing nucleosomes made with either H2A or H2AX. This reaction is catalyzed by nuclear extracts from human cells and this end-joining is not suppressed by the PI-3 kinase inhibitor wortmannin. During the end-joining reaction H2AX is phosphorylated at Ser-139 as detected by immunoblot with specific antibodies and this phosphorylation is inhibited by wortmannin. Therefore, in vitro the DNA end-joining reaction appears to be independent of H2AX phosphorylation. (C) 2002 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol Chem, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. RP Tomilin, NV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol Chem, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 2002 VL 527 IS 1-3 BP 105 EP 108 AR PII S0014-5793(02)03176-9 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03176-9 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 594QD UT WOS:000178061100021 PM 12220643 ER PT J AU Wi, S Heise, H Pines, A AF Wi, S Heise, H Pines, A TI Reintroducing anisotropic interactions in magic-angle-spinning NMR of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei: 3D MQMAS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ROTARY RESONANCE; DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS; SPIN-1/2 NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; SOLIDS; SPINS; REDOR C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Heise, Henrike/A-7703-2010 OI Heise, Henrike/0000-0002-9081-3894 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 11 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 36 BP 10652 EP 10653 DI 10.1021/ja027043v PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 591GW UT WOS:000177872200011 PM 12207509 ER PT J AU Jensen, MP Dzielawa, JA Rickert, P Dietz, ML AF Jensen, MP Dzielawa, JA Rickert, P Dietz, ML TI EXAFS investigations of the mechanism of facilitated ion transfer into a room-temperature ionic liquid SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CATALYSIS; SOLVENTS; EXTRACTION C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 18 TC 147 Z9 154 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 11 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 36 BP 10664 EP 10665 DI 10.1021/ja027476y PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 591GW UT WOS:000177872200017 PM 12207515 ER PT J AU Chen, LX Jennings, G Liu, T Gosztola, DJ Hessler, JP Scaltrito, DV Meyer, GJ AF Chen, LX Jennings, G Liu, T Gosztola, DJ Hessler, JP Scaltrito, DV Meyer, GJ TI Rapid excited-state structural reorganization captured by pulsed X-rays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; GATED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; INORGANIC EXCIPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COPPER(I) SYSTEMS; COMPLEXES; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION AB Visible light excitation of [Cu-I(dmp)(2)](BArF), where dmp is 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and BArF is tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethylphenyl))borate, in toluene produces a photoluminescent, metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state with a lifetime of 98 +/- 5 ns. Probing this state within 14 ns after photoexcitation with pulsed X-rays establishes that a Cu-II center, borne in a Cu-I geometry, binds an additional ligand to form a five-coordinate complex with increased bond lengths and a coordination geometry of distorted trigonal bipyramid. The average Cu-N bond length increases in the excited state by 0.07 Angstrom. The transiently formed five-coordinate MLCT state is photoluminescent under the condition studied, indicating that the absorptive and emissive states have distinct geometries, The data represent the first X-ray characterization of a molecular excited state in fluid solution on a nanosecond time scale. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Chen, LX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379 NR 86 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 11 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 36 BP 10861 EP 10867 DI 10.1021/ja017214g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 591GW UT WOS:000177872200043 PM 12207541 ER PT J AU Kamae, T Fukazawa, Y Isobe, N Kokubun, M Kubota, A Osone, S Takahashi, T Tsuchida, N Ishibashi, H AF Kamae, T Fukazawa, Y Isobe, N Kokubun, M Kubota, A Osone, S Takahashi, T Tsuchida, N Ishibashi, H TI Improvement on the light yield of a high-Z inorganic scintillator GSO(Ce) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE scintillator; inorganic scintillator; gamma-ray detector; GSO ID X-RAY-DETECTOR; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; GSO; FLUX AB Cerium-doped gadolinium silicic dioxide crystal, GSO(Ce), is a high-Z that gives higher light yield than BGO, and can potentially replace NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl) and BGO in many applications, Its production cost, however, has been substantially higher than any of them, while its energy resolution has been worse than that of NaI(Tl) or CsI(Tl). The merit did not overcome these deficiencies except in limited applications. We developed a low background phoswich counter (the well-type phoswich Counter) for the Hard X-ray Detector of the Astro-E project based on GSO scintillator. In the developmental work, we have succeeded in improving the light yield of GSO(Ce) by 40-50%. For energies above 500 keV, a large GSO(Ce) crystal (4.5 cm (.) 4.5phi cm) now gives energy resolution comparable to or better than the best NaI(Tl) when read out with a phototube. With a small GSO(Ce) crystal (5 x 5 x 5 mm(3)) and a photodiode, an energy resolution comparable to or better than the best CsI(Tl) has been obtained. With this improved performance, we find that the much higher photopeak efficiency and the shorter scintillation decay time of GSO(Ce) offsets its higher cost for many applications. We summarize our past developmental work to decrease radioactive contamination and to increase light yield of GSO(Ce) for astronomical hard X-ray detection. Included also are measurements done after the unsuccessful launch of the Astro-E mission. The work is still continuing for the remake version of Astro-E Hard X-ray Detector. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hitachi Chem, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Kamae, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 11 PY 2002 VL 490 IS 3 BP 456 EP 464 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01070-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01070-7 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 599CM UT WOS:000178316600004 ER PT J AU Gorham, P Saltzberg, D Odian, A Williams, D Besson, D Frichter, G Tantawi, S AF Gorham, P Saltzberg, D Odian, A Williams, D Besson, D Frichter, G Tantawi, S TI Measurements of the suitability of large rock salt formations for radio detection of high-energy neutrinos SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE astrophysical neutrinos; Cherenkov radiation; electromagnetic waves (radio) ID RADAR; PROPAGATION; SHOWERS; PULSES; ICE AB We have investigated the possibility that large rock salt formations might be suitable as target masses for detection of neutrinos of energies about 10 PeV and above. In neutrino interactions at these energies, the secondary electromagnetic cascade produces a coherent radio pulse well above ambient thermal noise via the Askaryan effect, We describe measurements of radio-frequency attenuation lengths and ambient thermal noise in two salt formations. Measurements in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, located in an evaporite salt bed in Carlsbad. NM yielded short attenuation lengths, 3-7 m over 150-300 MHz. However, measurements at United Salt's Hockley min, located in a salt dome near Houston, Texas yielded attenuation lengths in excess of 250 in at similar frequencies. We have also analyzed early ground-penetrating radar data at Hockley mine and have found additional evidence for attenuation lengths in excess of several hundred meters at 440 MHz. We conclude that salt domes, which may individually contain several hundred cubic kilometer water-equivalent mass, provide attractive sites for next-generation high-energy neutrino detectors. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Saltzberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, 405 Hilgard Ave,Mailstop 154705, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 42 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 11 PY 2002 VL 490 IS 3 BP 476 EP 491 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01077-X DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01077-X PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 599CM UT WOS:000178316600006 ER PT J AU Baek, I Carpenter, JM Iverson, E AF Baek, I Carpenter, JM Iverson, E TI The upgrade of intense pulsed neutron source (IPNS) through the change of coolant and reflector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE spallation neutron source; Monte Carlo simulation; MCNP; moderator; time-averaged neutron spectrum; reflector AB The current intense Pulsed neutron source (IPNS) depleted uranium target is cooled by, light water, The inner reflector material is graphite and the outer reflector material is beryllium. The presence of H2O in the target moderates neutrons and leads to a higher absorption loss in the target than is necessary, D2O coolant in the small quantities required minimizes this effect. We have studied the possible improvement in IPNS beam fluxes that would result from changing the coolant from H2O to D2O and the inner reflector from graphite to beryllium. Neutron intensities were calculated for directions normal to the viewed surface of each moderator for four different cases of combinations of target coolant and reflector materials. The simulations reported here were performed using the MCNPX (version 2, 1.5) computer program. Our results show that substantial gains in neutron beam intensities can be achieved by appropriate combination of target coolant and reflector materials. The combination of DO coolant and beryllium inner and outer reflectors improves facility performance about 1.3 times. The purpose of this summary is to report Our simulation and to recommend to change target coolant and inner reflector materials based on Our simulation results, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, EAD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baek, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 11 PY 2002 VL 490 IS 3 BP 522 EP 526 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01090-2 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01090-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 599CM UT WOS:000178316600010 ER PT J AU Ethvignot, T Granier, T Giot, L Casoli, P Nelson, RO AF Ethvignot, T Granier, T Giot, L Casoli, P Nelson, RO TI A fission-fragment-sensitive target for X-ray spectroscopy in neutron-induced fission SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE fission-fragment detector; photovoltaic cells; solar cells; neutron-induced fission ID DETECTOR AB A fission-fragment-sensitive detector built for low-energy photon spectroscopy applications at the WNR "white" neutron source at Los Alamos is described. The detector consists of eight layers of thin photovoltaic cells, onto which 1 mg/cm(2) of pure U-238 is deposited. The detector serves as an active target to select fission events from background and other reaction channels, The fairly small thickness of the detector with respect to transmission of 20-50 keV photons permits the measurement of prompt fission-fragment X-rays. Results with the GEANIE photon spectrometer are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA, Serv Phys Nucl, DAM Ile de France, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ethvignot, T (reprint author), CEA, Serv Phys Nucl, DAM Ile de France, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 11 PY 2002 VL 490 IS 3 BP 559 EP 565 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01096-3 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01096-3 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 599CM UT WOS:000178316600014 ER PT J AU Vanden Berk, DE Lee, BC Wilhite, BC Beacom, JF Lamb, DQ Annis, J Abazajian, K McKay, TA Kron, RG Kent, S Hurley, K Kehoe, R Wren, J Henden, AA York, DG Schneider, DP Adelman, J Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Csabai, I Harvanek, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kleinman, AN Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, DC Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Snedden, SA Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B AF Vanden Berk, DE Lee, BC Wilhite, BC Beacom, JF Lamb, DQ Annis, J Abazajian, K McKay, TA Kron, RG Kent, S Hurley, K Kehoe, R Wren, J Henden, AA York, DG Schneider, DP Adelman, J Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Csabai, I Harvanek, M Hennessy, GS Ivezic, Z Kleinman, AN Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Long, DC Neilsen, EH Newman, PR Snedden, SA Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B TI SDSS J124602.54+011318.8: A highly luminous optical transient at z=0.385 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; gamma rays : bursts; stars : variables : other ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; TIDAL DISRUPTION; SOURCE CATALOG; LIGHT CURVES; BLACK-HOLES; AFTERGLOW; GALAXIES; EMISSION AB We report the discovery of a highly luminous optical transient (OT), SDSS J124602.54 + 011318.8, associated with a galaxy at a redshift of 0.385. In this paper, we consider the possibility that the OT may be a gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow. Three sets of images and two sets of spectra were obtained as part of the normal operations of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In the first two image sets, observed two nights apart, the object appears as a point source at r* approximate to 17. The third image set, observed about 410 days later, shows an extended source which is more than 2.5 mags fainter. The spectra were observed about 400 and 670 days after the first two image sets, and both show an apparently normal galaxy at a redshift of 0.385. Associating the OT with the galaxy, the absolute magnitude was M(r*) = 24.8, which is over 4 mag brighter than the most luminous supernova ever measured. The spectral energy distributions of the galaxy-subtracted OT derived from the first two image sets are well-fitted by single power laws with indices of beta(nu) = 0.92 and -1.29, respectively, similar to most GRB afterglows. Based upon the luminosity of the OT, nondetections in contemporaneous ROTSE I images and the change in spectral slope, the OT, if an afterglow, was likely discovered early during a plateau or slowly fading phase. The discovery of a GRB afterglow at this stage of the SDSS is consistent with expectations, but only if the optical emission is much less strongly beamed than the gamma rays. We emphasize that other explanations for the OT cannot be ruled out; a recent follow-up study by Gal-Yam et al. (2002) provides strong evidence that this source is in fact an unusual active galactic nucleus (AGN). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. RP Vanden Berk, DE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 2 BP 673 EP 678 DI 10.1086/341887 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590EF UT WOS:000177804800006 ER PT J AU Rogers, FJ Nayfonov, A AF Rogers, FJ Nayfonov, A TI Updated and expanded OPAL equation-of-state tables: Implications for helioseismology SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; equation of state; Sun : oscillations ID LARKIN PARTITION-FUNCTION; LOW-MASS STARS; SOLAR INTERIOR; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; QUASIBOUND STATES; STELLAR ENVELOPES; REACTING PLASMAS; FLUID HYDROGEN; COULOMB GASES AB We are in the process of updating and extending the OPAL equation-of-state (EOS) and opacity data to include low-mass stars. The EOS part of that effort now is complete, and the results are described herein. The new data cover main-sequence stars having mass greater than or equal to0.1 M(.). As a result of the more extreme matter conditions encountered with low-mass stars, we have added new physics. The electrons are now treated as relativistic, and we have improved our treatment of molecules. We also consider the implications of the new results for helioseismology. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rogers, FJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 66 TC 363 Z9 365 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 2 BP 1064 EP 1074 DI 10.1086/341894 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590EF UT WOS:000177804800040 ER PT J AU Savin, DW Kahn, SM Linkemann, J Saghiri, AA Schmitt, M Grieser, M Repnow, R Schwalm, D Wolf, A Bartsch, T Muller, A Schippers, S Chen, MH Badnell, NR Gorczyca, TW Zatsarinny, O AF Savin, DW Kahn, SM Linkemann, J Saghiri, AA Schmitt, M Grieser, M Repnow, R Schwalm, D Wolf, A Bartsch, T Muller, A Schippers, S Chen, MH Badnell, NR Gorczyca, TW Zatsarinny, O TI Dielectronic recombination of Fe XIX forming Fe XVIII: Laboratory measurements and theoretical calculations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; methods : laboratory ID TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT; VERY-LOW ENERGIES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; CORE EXCITATIONS; PHOTOIONIZED GAS; IONS; IRON AB We have measured resonance strengths and energies for dielectronic recombination (DR) of Fe xix forming Fe xviii via N = 2 --> N' = 2 and N = 2 --> N' = 3 core excitations. All measurements were carried out using the heavy-ion Test Storage Ring at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. We have also calculated these resonance strengths and energies using two independent, state-of-the-art techniques: the perturbative multiconfiguration Breit-Pauli (MCBP) and multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock ( MCDF) methods. Overall, reasonable agreement is found between our experimental results and theoretical calculations. The most notable discrepancies are for the 3l3l' resonances. The calculated MCBP and MCDF resonance strengths for the n = 3 complex lie, respectively, approximate to47% and approximate to31% above the measured values. These discrepancies are larger than the estimated less than or similar to20% total experimental uncertainty in our measurements. We have used our measured 2 --> 2 and 2 --> 3 results to produce a Maxwellian-averaged rate coefficient for DR of Fe xix Our experimentally derived rate coefficient is estimated to be good to better than 20% for k(B) T(e) greater than or equal to 1 eV. Fe xix is predicted to form in photoionized and collisionally ionized cosmic plasmas at k(B) T(e) >>1 eV. Hence, our rate coefficient is suitable for use in ionization balance calculations of these plasmas. Previously published theoretical DR rate coefficients are in poor agreement with our experimental results. None of these published calculations reliably reproduce the magnitude or temperature dependence of the experimentally derived rate coefficient. Our MCBP and MCDF results agree with our experimental rate coefficient to within approximate to20%. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Giessen, Strahlenzentrum, Inst Kernphys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Savin, DW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM savin@astro.columbia.edu RI Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008; Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138; Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 43 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 2 BP 1098 EP 1107 DI 10.1086/341810 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590EF UT WOS:000177804800044 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P Behar, E Boyce, KR Brown, GV Chen, H Gendreau, KC Gu, MF Gygax, J Kahn, SM Kelley, RL Porter, FS Stahle, CK Szymkowiak, AE AF Beiersdorfer, P Behar, E Boyce, KR Brown, GV Chen, H Gendreau, KC Gu, MF Gygax, J Kahn, SM Kelley, RL Porter, FS Stahle, CK Szymkowiak, AE TI Laboratory measurements of the relative intensity of the 3s -> 2p and 3d -> 2p transitions in Fe XVII SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; stars : coronae; stars : individual (Capella, Procyon); Sun : X-rays, gamma rays; X-rays : general ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; BEAM ION-TRAP; CROSS-SECTIONS; LINE EMISSION; SPECTROMETER; RESONANCE; REGION; MICROCALORIMETER; TRANSMISSION AB The intensity ratios of the 3s-->2p and 3d-->2p lines in Fe XVII were measured on the Livermore electron beam ion trap employing a complementary set of spectrometers, including a high-resolution crystal spectrometer and the Goddard 32 pixel calorimeter. The resulting laboratory data are in agreement with satellite measurements of the Sun and astrophysical sources in collisional equilibrium such as Capella, Procyon, and NGC 4636. The results disagree with earlier laboratory measurements and assertions that processes not accounted for in laboratory measurements must play a role in the formation of the Fe XVII spectra in solar and astrophysical plasmas. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 36 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 2 BP L169 EP L172 DI 10.1086/343785 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590EG UT WOS:000177804900017 ER PT J AU Turner, MS AF Turner, MS TI The case for Omega(M)=0.33 +/- 0.035 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; early universe ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; UNIVERSE; MASS; SUPERNOVAE; OMEGA AB For decades, the determination of the mean density of matter (Omega(M)) has been tied to the distribution of light. This has led to a "bias," perhaps as large as a factor of 2, in determining a key cosmological parameter. Recent measurements of the physical properties of clusters, the cosmic microwave background anisotropy, and the power spectrum of mass inhomogeneity now allow a determination of Omega(M) without "visual bias." The early data lead to a consistent picture of the matter and baryon densities, with Omega(B) = 0.339+/-0.0075 and Omega(M) = 0.33+/-0.035, respectively. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Turner, MS (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 36 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 2 BP L101 EP L104 DI 10.1086/343782 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 590EG UT WOS:000177804900001 ER PT J AU Bose, AC Richards, RE Sammells, AF Schwartz, M AF Bose, AC Richards, RE Sammells, AF Schwartz, M TI Beyond state-of-the-art gas separation processes using ion-transport membranes SO DESALINATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Processes (ICOM) CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL TAULOUSE, FRANCE DE air and hydrogen gas separation; ion-transport membranes AB U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Vision 21 program has identified oxygen and hydrogen separation membranes as enabling technology needs for futuristic, virtually non-polluting energy production plants. DOE's advanced gas separation technology RD&D activities focus on the new breed of membrane technologies to dramatically reduce the cost and energy required for gas separations. DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has entered into a three-phase technology RD&D partnership with Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (Air Products) to revolutionize the oxygen manufacturing process using dense ceramic membranes into a new century technology. DOE-NETL is supporting Eltron Research Inc. (Eltron) and ITN Energy Systems, Inc. (ITN) to develop new, low-cost, and commercially manufacturable mixed protonic-electronic conducting membranes for separating hydrogen from synthesis gas. C1 US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. ITN Energy Syst Inc, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. Eltron Res Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. RP Bose, AC (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-9164 J9 DESALINATION JI Desalination PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 144 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 91 EP 92 AR PII S0011-9164(02)00294-1 DI 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00294-1 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 602JD UT WOS:000178501400016 ER PT J AU Bell, JB Day, MS Almgren, AS Lijewski, MJ Rendleman, CA AF Bell, JB Day, MS Almgren, AS Lijewski, MJ Rendleman, CA TI A parallel adaptive projection method for low Mach number flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICFD Conference on Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics CY 2001 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Computat Fluid Dynam AB We describe an adaptive projection method for numerically simulating low Mach number flows. The projection method formulation enforces the velocity divergence constraint resulting from the low Mach number approximation. It is implemented on an adaptive hierarchy of logically rectangular grids, where each finer level is refined in space and in time. The adaptive algorithm has been shown in previous papers to be robust and second-order accurate, and to satisfy the principles of conservation and free-stream preservation as applicable. Here, the parallelization is described in some detail, and the methodology is demonstrated on two examples from premixed, low Mach number combustion. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 50A-1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1002/fld.310 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 595YT UT WOS:000178136400016 ER PT J AU Drikakis, D Margolin, LG Smolarkiewicz, PK AF Drikakis, D Margolin, LG Smolarkiewicz, PK TI On 'spurious' eddies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICFD Conference on Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics CY MAR 26-29, 2001 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Computat Fluid Dynam HO UNIV OXFORD DE unsteady flows; vortices; high-resolution methods ID FLOWS AB Recently, several papers have appeared in the CFD literature, proposing an idealized instability problem as a benchmark for discriminating among numerical algorithms for two-dimensional Navier-Stokes flows. The problem is a double shear layer simulated at coarse resolution and with a prescribed interface perturbation. A variety of second-order accurate schemes have been tested, with all results falling into one of two solution patterns-one pattern with two eddies and the other with three eddies. In the literature, there is no fast-and-firm rule to predict the results of any particular algorithm. However, it is asserted that the two-eddy solution is correct. Our own research has led to two conclusions. First, the appearance of the third eddy is tied up with small details of the truncation error; we illustrate this point by prescribing small changes that lead to reversal of the appearance/disappearance of the third eddy in several schemes. Second, we discuss the realizability of the two solutions and suggest that the three-eddy solution is the more physical. Overall, we conclude that this problem is a poor choice of benchmark to discriminate among numerical algorithms. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Queen Mary Univ London, Dept Engn, London E1 4NS, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Queen Mary Univ London, Dept Engn, London E1 4NS, England. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1002/fld.288 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 595YT UT WOS:000178136400026 ER PT J AU Odyniec, G AF Odyniec, G TI Quark gluon plasma - Recent advances SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energy CY JUL 23-28, 2001 CL ROME, ITALY ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; STRANGE PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; CENTRAL PB+PB COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; CERN SPS; P-BE; GEV/C; FLOW; ENHANCEMENT; ENERGIES AB While heavy ion collisions at the SPS have produced excited strongly interacting matter near the conditions for quark deconfinement, the RHIC may be the first machine capable of creating quark-antiquark plasmas sufficiently long-lived to allow deep penetration into the new phase. A comprehensive experimental program addressing this exciting physics has been put into place. Presented here are preliminary results from Au+Au at rootS = 130 GeV obtained during the first RHIC run and some CERN SPS results from Pb+Pb at rootS = 17 GeV (particularly relevant to QGP search). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Odyniec, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 17 IS 22 BP 3107 EP 3121 DI 10.1142/S0217751X02012636 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 597CQ UT WOS:000178204900015 ER PT J AU Uhrig, D Mays, JW AF Uhrig, D Mays, JW TI Synthesis of combs, centipedes, and barbwires: Poly(isoprene-graft-styrene) regular multigraft copolymers with trifunctional, tetrafunctional, and hexafunctional branch points SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; GRAFT-COPOLYMERS; STAR COPOLYMERS; MODEL; MORPHOLOGY; SINGLE AB The synthesis of poly(isoprene-graft-styrene) copolymers with multiple, regularly spaced branch points is reported. The synthetic strategy employs classical anionic polymerization techniques and utilizes a modular approach in which polystyryllithium and alpha,omega-poly(1,4-)isoprenyldilithium are sequentially incorporated into chlorosilane linking centers. Previous syntheses employing this basic strategy have yielded graft copolymers with trifunctional ("combs") and tetrafunctional ("centipedes") branch points. Here we further develop and extend this methodology to include a novel regular multigraft material with hexafunctional branch points ("barbwires"); these materials possess polystyrene side chains of uniform length attached in clusters of four at regularly spaced points along a narrow molecular weight distribution polyisoprene main chain. In the synthesis of barbwires, PSLi is added first to 1,6-bis(trichlorosilyl)hexane, in an incremental fashion, until 4 equiv has been incorporated into the linking silane; LiPILi is next added in a slight stoichiometric excess, resulting in a condensation between macromolecular dinucleophiles and dielectrophiles. Homogeneous multigraft samples of all three architectures were synthesized, with a polydispersity index of about 1.2, through fractionation of the raw condensation products. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Mays, JW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Chem Sci, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Uhrig, David/A-7458-2016 OI Uhrig, David/0000-0001-8447-6708 NR 20 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 19 BP 7182 EP 7190 DI 10.1021/ma02O4271 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 592FZ UT WOS:000177927200006 ER PT J AU Jang, SY Sotzing, GA Marquez, M AF Jang, SY Sotzing, GA Marquez, M TI Intrinsically conducting polymer networks of poly(thiophene) via solid-state oxidative cross-linking of a poly(norbornylene) containing terthiophene moieties SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THIOPHENE; COMPLEXES; DEVICES AB Herein we describe the preparation of intrinsically conducting poly(thiophene) via two different routes: solution- and solid-state cross-linking of terthiophene moieties. The solution-state crosslinking of terthiophene moieties was performed using conventional electrochemical polymerization in which insoluble cross-linked polymer was precipitated onto the electrode from electrolyte solution of the monomer by oxidative coupling of terthiophene units in the monomer, 5-norbornene-endo-2,3-bis(methylene-3'-[2,2':5',2"]-terthiophene acetate). In the alternative route, a precursor polymer, poly(norbornylene), prepared from the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of 5-norbornene-endo-2,3-bis(methylene-3'-[2,2':5',2"]-terthiophene acetate), was coated on either a conducting or insulating, surface, and then the terthiophene units were cross-linked to form intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP) via electrochemical and chemical oxidation, respectively. More highly.. conjugated ICP was observed by performing oxidative cross-linking of the polymer in the solid state, in contrast to the cross-linked intrinsically conducting polymer prepared via electrochemical polymerization of 5-norbornene-endo-2,3-bis(methylene-3'-[2,2':5',2"]-terthiophene acetate) from solution. Electrical conductivities for the polymers obtained via solid-state chemical oxidative cross-linking were on the order of 1 x 10(-3) S/cm. C1 Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Kraft Foods R&D, Nanotechnol Lab, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sotzing, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 19 BP 7293 EP 7300 DI 10.1021/ma0202484 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 592FZ UT WOS:000177927200020 ER PT J AU Zirkel, A Gruner, SM Urban, V Thiyagarajan, P AF Zirkel, A Gruner, SM Urban, V Thiyagarajan, P TI Small-angle neutron scattering investigation of the Q-dependence of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter in a binary polymer blend SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; CRITICAL FLUCTUATIONS; MOLECULAR LIQUIDS; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; CHI-PARAMETER; RISM THEORY; POLYSTYRENE; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; MODEL AB It is usually assumed that the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter chi in polymer blends can be represented by a structureless, pointlike interaction. On a local scale, however, the Flory-Huggins parameter must show a spatial dependence as it basically reflects the segment-segment interaction potential. We show that SANS can be used to access this spatial dependence and that even in the SANS regime, a pronounced Q dependence of chi is found. The polymer blend used in the experiments was a polystyrene/poly(p-methylstyrene) blend. As we did not want to rely on literature values for the segment lengths of PS and PPMS, respectively, we measured the isotope blends of h-PS/d-PS and h-PPMS/dPPMS separately. A modified random phase formula based on the PRISM theory of Schweizer and Chandler is used to evaluate the data and fit a simple model to chi(Q). We find that the range of a Yukawa-like segment-segment interaction potential is about 9 Angstrom. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Urban, V (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E13, James Franck Str 1, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RI Gruner, Sol/G-2924-2010; Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015 OI Gruner, Sol/0000-0002-1171-4426; Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 19 BP 7375 EP 7386 DI 10.1021/ma010576o PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 592FZ UT WOS:000177927200030 ER PT J AU Shen, ZX Lanzara, A Ishihara, S Nagaosa, N AF Shen, ZX Lanzara, A Ishihara, S Nagaosa, N TI Role of the electron-phonon interaction in the strongly correlated cuprate superconductors SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Review ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PENETRATION-DEPTH MEASUREMENTS; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PEIERLS-HUBBARD MODEL; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE SHIFT; CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES; VALENCE-BOND STATE; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA AB Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission data in conjunction with that from neutron and other probes, we show that electron-phonon coupling is strong in cuprate superconductors and that it plays an important role in pairing. In addition to the strong electron correlation, the inclusion of phonons provides a theoretical framework explaining many important phenomena that cannot be understood by a strongly correlated electronic model alone. In particular, it is indispensable to explain the difference among materials. The phonons with the wavenumber around the (0, q(y)) and (q(x), 0) axes create d-wave pairing while that near (pi, pi) are pair breaking. Therefore the half-breathing mode of the oxygen motions helps d-wave superconductivity. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Agcy Ind Sci & Technol, Correlated Electron Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050046, Japan. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zxshen@stanford.edu RI Nagaosa, Naoto/G-7057-2012 NR 143 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD SEP 10 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 13 BP 1349 EP 1368 DI 10.1080/13642810210142735 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 591VV UT WOS:000177901700001 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZX Cao, G McCall, S Crow, JE Guertin, RP Mielke, CH Rickel, DG AF Zhou, ZX Cao, G McCall, S Crow, JE Guertin, RP Mielke, CH Rickel, DG TI Magnetic interactions in (Pr, La)(3)RuO7 and Pr-3(Ru, Nb)O-7 SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID M = NB; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RARE-EARTH; SB; TA; SM; SC; EU AB The rare-earth ruthenate Pr3RuO7 is a Mott insulator displaying magnetic ordering at two temperatures T-N1=36 K and T-N2=55 K. By substituting diamagnetic La for Pr and diamagnetic Nb for Ru, T-N1 is shown to be associated with ordering among the rare earths and T-N2 among the Ru cations. These results are similar to those of Sm3RuO7, but the ordering temperatures for Pr3RuO7 are large compared with all other known Ln(3)MO(7) systems and there is less divergence between field-cooled and zero-field-cooled magnetic susceptibility for TLambda(c)(+)K(-)pi(+) in data from SELEX, the charm hadroproduction experiment at Fermilab. We observe an excess of 15.9 events over an expected background of 6.1+/-0.5 events, a statistical significance of 6.3sigma. The observed mass of this state is 3519+/-1 MeV/c(2). The Gaussian mass width of this state is 3 MeV/c(2), consistent with resolution; its lifetime is less than 33 fs at 90% confidence. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. Bogazici Univ, TR-80815 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Univ Fed Paraiba, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Michigan, Flint, MI 48502 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. RP Mattson, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Gulmez, Erhan/P-9518-2015; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Maleev, Victor/R-4140-2016; OI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109 NR 17 TC 203 Z9 203 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 9 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 11 AR 112001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.112001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 588AC UT WOS:000177676400004 PM 12225136 ER PT J AU Shvets, G Wurtele, JS AF Shvets, G Wurtele, JS TI Transparency of magnetized plasma at the cyclotron frequency SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; COHERENCE; INDEX AB Electromagnetic radiation is strongly absorbed by a magnetized plasma if the radiation frequency equals the cyclotron frequency of plasma electrons. It is demonstrated that absorption can be completely canceled in the presence of a magnetostatic field of an undulator, or a second radiation beam, resulting in plasma transparency at the cyclotron frequency. This effect is reminiscent of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of three-level atomic systems, except that it occurs in a completely classical plasma. Unlike the atomic systems, where all the excited levels required for EIT exist in each atom, this classical EIT requires the excitation of nonlocal plasma oscillation. A Lagrangian description was used to elucidate the physics of the plasma transparency and control of group and phase velocity. This control leads to applications for electromagnetic pulse compression and electron/ion acceleration. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60302 USA. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 13 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 9 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 11 AR 115003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.115003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 588AC UT WOS:000177676400012 PM 12225144 ER PT J AU Billing, GD Muckerman, JT Yu, HG AF Billing, GD Muckerman, JT Yu, HG TI Vibrational energy transfer and reactivity in HO plus CO collisions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; DRESSED CLASSICAL MECHANICS; NEGATIVE ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; CURVED ARRHENIUS PLOTS; HIGH-PRESSURE RANGE; OH + CO; OH+CO->CO2+H REACTION; H+CO2->CO+OH REACTION; QUANTUM CALCULATIONS AB The rate-constants for vibrational energy transfer and chemical reaction have been calculated using a recently modified potential energy surface. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, HC Orsted Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Billing, GD (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, HC Orsted Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 NR 67 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 8 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 10 BP 4755 EP 4760 DI 10.1063/1.1496474 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 586FR UT WOS:000177574400018 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K Zhu, X AF Balasubramanian, K Zhu, X TI Spectroscopic constants and potential energy curves of electronic states of Mo-2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS; MATRICES; ATOMS AB Potential energy curves and spectroscopic constants for 37 low-lying electronic states of Mo-2 and the ground state of Mo-2(+) have been computed using the complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field followed by the multireference singles+doubles configuration interaction calculations that included up to 19 million configurations. We compute equilibrium distances (r(e)), vibrational frequencies (omega(e)), and energy separations (T-e). We have suggested tentative assignments for the spectra of Mo-2 including the recent work on resonance Raman and fluorescence spectra of Mo-2. Our work supports the ground state with omega(e) near 450-486 cm(-1), and we suggest that the 394.5 cm(-1) line in the resonance Raman spectrum of Lombardi and co-workers is for the a (3)Sigma(u)(+) state of Mo-2. Our computations are consistent with the recently observed near-infrared spectrum of Mo-2 by Bondybey and co-workers. We have computed a number of spectroscopic systems for Mo-2, which are yet to be observed. Our computed adiabatic ionization energy of Mo-2 is in excellent agreement with Simard and co-workers. We have computed the D-e's of Mo-2(+) and Mo-2. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 8 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 10 BP 4861 EP 4870 DI 10.1063/1.1497641 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 586FR UT WOS:000177574400031 ER PT J AU Guerrero, M Stewart, RD Wang, JZ Li, XA AF Guerrero, M Stewart, RD Wang, JZ Li, XA TI Equivalence of the linear-quadratic and two-lesion kinetic models SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-THERAPY; REPAIR KINETICS; DAMAGE; CELLS; RECOVERY; LETHAL; RATES AB Double strand breaks (DSBs) are widely accepted as the main type of DNA damage responsible for cell killing in the range of doses and dose rates relevant to radiation therapy. Although the standard linear-quadratic (LQ) model with one first-order repair term often suffices to explain the results of some radiobiological experiments, converging lines of evidence suggest that DSBs are rejoined at two or more distinct rates. A two-lesion kinetic (TLK) model has been proposed to provide a direct link between biochemical processing of the DSBs and cell killing. A defining feature of the TLK model is that the family of all possible DSBs is subdivided into simple and complex DSBs, and each kind may have its own unique repair characteristics. Break-ends associated with both kinds of DSB are allowed to interact in pairwise fashion to form irreversible lethal and non-lethal chromosome aberrations. This paper examines the theoretical and practical linkages between the TLK and LQ models. The TLK formalism is used to derive an LQ formula with two first-order repair terms (dose protraction factors) and to relate the intrinsic radiosensitivity parameters used in one model to the parameters used in the other. Two extensive radiobiological datasets, one for CHO 10B2 cells and one for C3H 10T1/2 cells, are analysed using the TLK and LQ models. The LQ with two repair terms and the TLK are equally capable of explaining the CHO 10B2 and C3H 10T1/2 cell survival data. For the doses and dose rates most relevant to radiation therapy, tests of model equivalence indicate that an LQ formula with two first-order repair terms is an excellent approximation to the TLK model. We find the LQ and TLK models useful complementary tools for the analysis and prediction of radiobiological effects. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Radiat Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Radiat Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM mguer001@umaryland.edu RI Stewart, Rob/A-2511-2009; Stewart, Robert/A-3609-2013 OI Stewart, Robert/0000-0001-5946-0595 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL62213] NR 24 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 EI 1361-6560 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD SEP 7 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 17 BP 3197 EP 3209 AR PII S0031-9155(02)37834-5 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/47/17/310 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 597QH UT WOS:000178231900010 PM 12361218 ER PT J AU Fornasiero, F Olaya, MM Esprester, B Nguyen, V Prausnitz, JM AF Fornasiero, F Olaya, MM Esprester, B Nguyen, V Prausnitz, JM TI Distribution coefficients and diffusivities in three polymers for nineteen aqueous nonvolatile solutes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diffusion; distribution coefficient; drug delivery systems; nonvolatile solutes; solution properties ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PARENTERAL SOLUTIONS; ACETATE) MEMBRANES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HEAT-CAPACITIES; CONDENSED-PHASE; DRUG-DELIVERY; CONTAINERS; DIFFUSION; ENTROPIES AB Experimental results at 25 C are reported for infinite-dilution distribution coefficients for 19 nonvolatile solutes between aqueous solution and three kinds of polymer films, and for their diffusion coefficients in the polymer matrix. The experiments were performed by coupling UV spectroscopy and gravimetric measurements with mass balances. The solutes are aromatic nonvolatile compounds that are of interest in environmental technology and may serve as model compounds for drug-delivery systems. The polymers are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers with 33 (EVAc33) and 45 (EVAc45) weight percentage vinyl acetate, and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) widely used in drug-delivery devices. For PVAc, a long time is required to reach equilibrium. Because the required time is too long for reasonable experimental studies, equilibrium distribution coefficients were calculated from finite-time data by using a diffusion model. The contribution of surface adsorption is shown to be negligible. Infinite-dilution distribution coefficients K-s, defined as the volume fraction of solute in the polymer divided by that in water, tend to increase with vinyl acetate content; they range from near unity to several hundred. Diffusion coefficients, determined from time-dependent sorption data, are significantly larger in EVAc copolymers (10(-10) to 10(-5) cm(2)/s) than in PVAc (10(-12) cm(2)/s). These data may be useful for design of membrane processes, for controlled delivery of drugs, and for application in packaging and storage of food, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fornasiero, Francesco/I-3802-2012; OLAYA, MARIA DEL MAR/K-4990-2014 OI OLAYA, MARIA DEL MAR/0000-0001-8068-9562 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 6 PY 2002 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2041 EP 2052 DI 10.1002/app.10804 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 564XA UT WOS:000176337800001 ER PT J AU Singh, SK Kurnasov, OV Chen, BZ Robinson, H Grishin, NV Osterman, AL Zhang, H AF Singh, SK Kurnasov, OV Chen, BZ Robinson, H Grishin, NV Osterman, AL Zhang, H TI Crystal structure of Haemophilus influenzae NadR protein - A bifunctional enzyme endowed with NMN adenylyltransferase and ribosylnicotinamide kinase activities SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NICOTINAMIDE MONONUCLEOTIDE ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ADENYLATE KINASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NAD(+) SYNTHESIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; CATALYSIS; BINDING; PARAINFLUENZAE; CONFORMATION AB Haemophilus influenzae NadR protein (hiNadR) has been shown to be a bifunctional enzyme possessing both NMN adenylytransferase (NMNAT; EC 2.7.7.1) and ribosylnicotinamide kinase (RNK; EC 2.7.1.22) activities. Its function is essential for the growth and survival of H. influenzae and thus may present a new highly specific anti-infectious drug target. We have solved the crystal structure of hiNadR complexed with NAD using the selenomethionine MAD phasing method. The structure reveals the presence of two distinct domains. The N-terminal domain that hosts the NMNAT activity is closely related to archaeal NMNAT, whereas the C-terminal domain, which has been experimentally demonstrated to possess ribosylnicotinamide kinase activity, is structurally similar to yeast thymidylate kinase and several other P-loop-containing kinases. There appears to be no cross-talk between the two active sites. The bound NAD at the active site of the NMNAT domain reveals several critical interactions between NAD and the protein. There is also a second non-active-site NAD molecule associated with the C-terminal RNK domain that adopts a highly folded conformation with the nicotinamide ring stacking over the adenine base. Whereas the RNK domain of the hiNadR structure presented here is the first structural characterization of a ribosylnicotinamide kinase from any organism, the NMNAT domain of hiNadR defines yet another member of the pyridine nucleotide adenylyltransferase family. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Integrated Genom Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM65243] NR 47 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 6 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 36 BP 33291 EP 33299 DI 10.1074/jbc.M204368200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 591BC UT WOS:000177859000115 PM 12068016 ER PT J AU Brankovic, SR Marinkovic, NS Wang, JX Adzic, RR AF Brankovic, SR Marinkovic, NS Wang, JX Adzic, RR TI Carbon monoxide oxidation on bare and Pt-modified Ru(1010) and Ru(0001) single crystal electrodes SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ruthenium; spontaneous pt deposition; metal monolayers; in situ infrared spectroscopy; STM ID PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; DEPENDENT CHEMISORPTION; METHANOL OXIDATION; PT(111) ELECTRODE; CO ADSORPTION; FUEL-CELL; SURFACE; RU; SPECTROSCOPY; RUTHENIUM AB Carbon monoxide oxidation on bare and Pt-modified ruthenium surfaces with the (10 (1) over bar0) and (0001) orientations was investigated with cyclic voltammetry, scanning-tunneling microscopy and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Facile oxidation kinetics of CO on Ru(10 (1) over bar0) are observed, in contrast with a slow reaction on Ru(0001). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements confirmed that spontaneous deposition of Pt produces island-like structures on both single crystal Ru surfaces. CO oxidation on a bimetallic Pt/Ru(10 (1) over bar0) surface with a Pt coverage of approximately one monolayer occurs at potentials that are 140 mV more negative than those for bare Pt. This potential is, however, more positive than the potential of the onset of the oxidation on Ru(1010). IR spectroscopy shows one peak for linearly adsorbed CO on bare and Pt-modified Ru(10 (1) over bar0) surfaces, while two peaks are visible for the Pt-modified Ru(0001) structure. A single broad peak for the bimetallic Pt/Ru(10 (1) over bar0) surface may result from addition of the red-shifted peak for Pt and the peak for the Ru(10 (1) over bar0) substrate. A large red shift of CO on the Pt/Ru(10 (1) over bar0) surface requires further work to be explained. A negative shift of CO oxidation on Pt/Ru(10 (1) over bar0) indicates a decrease of the Pt-CO bond strength on that surface compared with the bond with bulk Pt. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Albert Einstein Ctr Synchtrotron Biosci, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016 OI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453 NR 47 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD SEP 6 PY 2002 VL 532 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 57 EP 66 AR PII S0022-0728(02)00890-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(02)00890-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 602HZ UT WOS:000178501000009 ER PT J AU Bonneau, R Strauss, CEM Rohl, CA Chivian, D Bradley, P Malmstrom, L Robertson, T Baker, D AF Bonneau, R Strauss, CEM Rohl, CA Chivian, D Bradley, P Malmstrom, L Robertson, T Baker, D TI De novo prediction of three-dimensional structures for major protein families SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rosetta; structure prediction; gene annotation; structural genomics; Pfam ID 3D COORDINATE TEMPLATES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NK-LYSIN; FOLD; RECOGNITION; ALIGNMENTS; SEQUENCES; DATABASE; DOMAIN AB We use the Rosetta de novo structure prediction method to produce three-dimensional structure models for all Pfam-A sequence families with average length under 150 residues and no link to any protein of known structure. To estimate the reliability of the predictions, the method was calibrated on 131 proteins of known structure. For approximately 60% of the proteins one of the top five models was correctly predicted for 50 or more residues, and for approximately 35%, the correct SCOP superfamily was identified in a structure-based search of the Protein Data Bank using one of the models. This performance is consistent with results from the fourth critical assessment of structure prediction (CASP4). Correct and incorrect predictions could be partially distinguished using a confidence function based on a combination of simulation convergence, protein length and the similarity of a given structure prediction to known protein structures. While the limited accuracy and reliability of the method precludes definitive conclusions, the Pfam models provide the only tertiary structure information available for the 12% of publicly available sequences represented by these large protein families. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Baker, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Box 357350,J-567 Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Rohl, Carol/I-2589-2012; Baker, David/K-8941-2012; OI Rohl, Carol/0000-0002-9229-3917; Baker, David/0000-0001-7896-6217; Malmstrom, Lars/0000-0001-9885-9312 NR 52 TC 163 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 6 PY 2002 VL 322 IS 1 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00698-8 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 597CT UT WOS:000178205100007 PM 12215415 ER PT J AU Sygula, A Sygula, R Fronczek, FR Rabideau, PW AF Sygula, A Sygula, R Fronczek, FR Rabideau, PW TI Addition of organolithium reagents to corannulene and conformational preferences in 1-alkyl-1,2-dihydrocorannulenes SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; DERIVATIVES; BUCKYBOWLS; INVERSION; SURFACES AB Addition of organolithium reagents to corannulene (1) produces 1-R-1,2-dihydrocorannulenes (2), which can be easily converted to 1-R-corannulenes (3). Molecular mechanics (MM) calculations predict a slight pseudoequatorial preference for the small substituents in both exo and endo arrangements of 2, whereas bulky substituents are expected to favor strongly the exo-pseudoaxial location. X-ray diffraction studies show the exo-pseudoaxial conformation in the solid state for both i-Pr and t-Bu-2. In solution, a gradual increase in the contribution of pseudoequatorial conformations with decreasing size of the substituent is demonstrated by analysis of the (3)J H-H coupling constants within the reduced ring. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70103 USA. RP Sygula, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD SEP 6 PY 2002 VL 67 IS 18 BP 6487 EP 6492 DI 10.1021/jo0258498 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 591LE UT WOS:000177880900027 PM 12201771 ER PT J AU Taleyarkhan, RP Block, RC West, CD Lahey, RT AF Taleyarkhan, RP Block, RC West, CD Lahey, RT TI Tabletop fusion revisited - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Taleyarkhan, RP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 6 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5587 BP 1645 EP 1645 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 590JE UT WOS:000177819100021 ER PT J AU Amelin, Y Krot, AN Hutcheon, ID Ulyanov, AA AF Amelin, Y Krot, AN Hutcheon, ID Ulyanov, AA TI Lead isotopic ages of chondrules and calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; PHOSPHATES; METEORITES; DIFFUSION; RENAZZO; ORIGIN; AL-26; TIME; MG AB The lead-lead isochron age of chondrules in the CR chondrite Acfer 059 is 4564.7+/-0.6 million years ago (Ma), whereas the lead isotopic age of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) in the CV chondrite Efremovka is 4567.2+/-0.6 Ma. This gives an interval of 2.5+/-1.2 million years (My) between formation of the CV CAIs and the CR chondrules and indicates that CAI- and chondrule-forming events lasted for at least 1.3 My. This time interval is consistent with a 2- to 3-My age difference between CR CAIs and chondrules inferred from the differences in their initial Al-26/Al-27 ratios and supports the chronological significance of the Al-26-Mg-26 systematics. C1 Royal Ontario Museum, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94451 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 117999, Russia. RP Amelin, Y (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. NR 53 TC 496 Z9 508 U1 8 U2 53 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 6 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5587 BP 1678 EP 1683 DI 10.1126/science.1073950 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 590JE UT WOS:000177819100043 PM 12215641 ER PT J AU Saltmarsh, MJ Shapira, D AF Saltmarsh, MJ Shapira, D TI Questions regarding nuclear emissions in cavitation experiments SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shapirad@ornl.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 6 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5587 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 590JE UT WOS:000177819100001 ER PT J AU Taleyarkhan, RP Block, RC West, CD Lahey, RT AF Taleyarkhan, RP Block, RC West, CD Lahey, RT TI Questions regarding nuclear emissions in cavitation experiments - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 6 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5587 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 590JE UT WOS:000177819100002 ER PT J AU Rosso, KM Rustad, JR Gibbs, GV AF Rosso, KM Rustad, JR Gibbs, GV TI Trivalent ion hydrolysis reactions II: Analysis of electron density distributions in metal-oxygen bonds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CHROMATE REDUCTION; FERROUS IRON; BASIS-SETS; KINETICS; EXCHANGE; POTENTIALS; COMPLEXES; CONSTANTS AB Density functional theory calculations are applied to a series of trivalent hexaquo metal complexes to determine whether systematic properties exist in the electron density distribution of the metal-oxygen (M-O) bonds in relation to the proton binding energy. Bader metal ion charges, radii, and M-O bond critical point properties are computed and correlations are sought that transcend conventionally ascribed factors affecting hydrolysis behavior, such as position in the periodic table and d-orbital filling. Charge-to-radius relationships are found to be unimproved by these methods. At the M-O bond critical points, while no correlation could be established with the electron density, distinct trends in the proton binding energy are unveiled by the Laplacian, owing principally to systematics in the curvature [lambda(3)] along the M-O bond path. The ellipticity of the bonds can reflect a pi interaction between the metal cation and water ligands for metal cations in which the t(2g) d-orbital set is asymmetrically occupied, which is found to be coupled with a symmetry-breaking rotation of the ligands. Although global correlations were not found, the trends establish quantities that can uniquely connect hydrolysis behavior across traditional classification factors. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.rosso@pnl.gov NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 35 BP 8133 EP 8138 DI 10.1021/jp020075k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 589KR UT WOS:000177758000019 ER PT J AU Poluektov, OG Utschig, LM Schlesselman, SL Lakshmi, KV Brudvig, GW Kothe, G Thurnauer, MC AF Poluektov, OG Utschig, LM Schlesselman, SL Lakshmi, KV Brudvig, GW Kothe, G Thurnauer, MC TI Electronic structure of the P-700 special pair from high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID CYANOBACTERIAL PHOTOSYSTEM-I; HIGH-FIELD EPR; PRIMARY DONOR; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TRIPLET-STATES; CHLOROPHYLL-A; P700; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DELOCALIZATION AB Enhanced spectral resolution of high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy allows for detailed g-tensor analysis of the active paramagnetic pigments in photosynthetic reaction centers. This analysis has been made for the cation radical and triplet state of the primary donor in photosystem I (P-700) compared to the same species from chlorophyll a (Chla) in vitro. The data prove that, the electronic structures of the primary,donor cation and triplet state are very different from those of monomeric Chla. The g-value anisotropy of P-700(+.) is smaller, and the g, component considerably deviates from that of Chla(+.). The triplet state Of P-700 is also different from Chla(T). In the present study, this difference is resolved because of the high g-value resolution of the high-frequency EPR and characterized by the switching of the directions of the X and Y g-tensor axes with respect to the zero-field axes. These results can be explained either by a delocalized electronic character Of the P-700(+.) and P-700(T) states or by a heteromeric model of the primary donor in photosystem I. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys Chem, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. RP Poluektov, OG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lakshmi, K. V./A-9787-2017 OI Lakshmi, K. V./0000-0001-5443-9017 NR 36 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 35 BP 8911 EP 8916 DI 10.1021/jp021465+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 589KT UT WOS:000177758100001 ER PT J AU Peskin, M AF Peskin, M TI High-energy physics - The matter with antimatter SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CP-VIOLATION; DECAYS C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theoret Phys Grp, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Peskin, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theoret Phys Grp, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 5 PY 2002 VL 419 IS 6902 BP 24 EP + DI 10.1038/419024a PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 589YF UT WOS:000177788600023 PM 12214217 ER PT J AU Sygula, A Karlen, SD Sygula, R Rabideau, PW AF Sygula, A Karlen, SD Sygula, R Rabideau, PW TI Formation of the corannulene core by nickel-mediated intramolecular coupling of benzyl and benzylidene bromides: A versatile synthesis of dimethyl 1,2-corannulene dicarboxylate SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZEROVALENT NICKEL; SEMIBUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; DERIVATIVES; BUCKYBOWLS; HALIDES; ARYL; CURVATURE; INVERSION; ALNUSONE AB [GRAPHICS] A practical synthesis of dimethyl 1,2-corannulene dicarboxylate (5) is reported, with the final ring-forming step achieved by the double intramolecular nickel powder mediated coupling of benzyl and benzylidene bromide groups with 60% isolated yield. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sygula, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD SEP 5 PY 2002 VL 4 IS 18 BP 3135 EP 3137 DI 10.1021/ol026457q PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 590CP UT WOS:000177800300030 PM 12201735 ER PT J AU Kronfeld, AS Ryan, SM AF Kronfeld, AS Ryan, SM TI Remark on the theoretical uncertainty in B-0-(B)over-bar(0) mixing SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; EXCITED HEAVY MESONS; LIGHT MESONS; BREAKING; MATRIX AB We re-examine the theoretical uncertainty in the Standard Model expression for B-0-(B) over bar (0) mixing. We focus on lattice calculations of the ratio xi, needed to relate the oscillation frequency of B-s(0)-(B) over bar (0)(s) mixing to the poorly known CKM element V-td. We replace the usual linear chiral extrapolation with one that includes the logarithm that appears in chiral perturbation theory. We find a significant shift in the ratio, from the conventional 1.15 +/- 0.05 to xi = 1.32 +/- 0.10. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Math, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Kronfeld, AS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 29 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 5 PY 2002 VL 543 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 65 AR PII S0370-2693(02)02407-3 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02407-3 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 594NX UT WOS:000178058000009 ER PT J AU Hough, PD Meza, JC AF Hough, PD Meza, JC TI A class of trust-region methods for parallel optimization SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE parallel optimization; trust-region methods; direct search methods; nonlinear programming ID UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION; GRADIENT INFORMATION; ALGORITHMS AB We present a new class of optimization methods that incorporates a parallel direct search (PDS) method within a trust-region Newton framework. This approach combines the inherent parallelism of PDS with the rapid and robust convergence properties of Newton methods. Numerical tests have yielded favorable results for both standard test problems and engineering applications. In addition, the new method appears to be more robust in the presence of noisy functions, which are inherent in many engineering simulations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hough, PD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Dept, POB 969,MS 9217, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Meza, Juan/B-5601-2012 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PD SEP 5 PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 264 EP 282 AR PII S1052623498343799 DI 10.1137/S1052623498343799 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 593PF UT WOS:000178000800015 ER PT J AU Timchalk, C Kousba, A Poet, TS AF Timchalk, C Kousba, A Poet, TS TI Monte Carlo analysis of the human chlorpyrifos-oxonase (PON1) polymorphism using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE physiologically based pharmacokinetics; organophosphate insecticide; chlorpyrifos; PON1; polymorphism ID AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES; SERUM PARAOXONASE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; RISK ASSESSMENT; IN-VIVO; TOXICITY; SENSITIVITY; VARIABILITY; METABOLISM; PARATHION AB Susceptibility to organophosphate (OP) insecticides, like chlorpyrifos (CPF). may result from differences in the extent of metabolic detoxification of the active metabolite, CPF-oxon. A genetic polymorphism in the arylesterase (PON1; CPF-oxonase) detoxification of OPs. results in the expression of a range of enzyme activities within humans. This study utilized Monte Carlo analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling to investigate the impact of human CPF-oxonase status on the theoretical concentration of CPF-oxon in the brain. At low doses ( similar to 5 mug/kg) the model is insensitive to changes in CPF-oxonase. However, with increasing dose ( > 0.5 mg/kg) the model suggests a dose-dependent non-linear increase in the brain CPF-oxon concentration, which is associated with CPF-oxonase activity. Following repeated high dose exposure, the model predicted brain CPF-oxon concentration was similar to 8 x higher (5 mg/kg) versus a single exposure, whereas, at low doses (5 mug/kg), the brain concentrations were comparable regardless of exposure duration. This suggests that at low environmentally relevant exposures outer esterase detoxification pathways may compensate for lower CPF-oxonase activity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Chem Dosimetry, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Timchalk, C (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, Chem Dosimetry, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [1 R01 OH03629-01A2] NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP 5 PY 2002 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 59 AR PII S0378-4274(02)00233-3 DI 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00233-3 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 602CM UT WOS:000178488000006 PM 12243863 ER PT J AU Asplund, MC Snee, PT Yeston, JS Wilkens, MJ Payne, CK Yang, H Kotz, KT Frei, H Bergman, RG Harris, CB AF Asplund, MC Snee, PT Yeston, JS Wilkens, MJ Payne, CK Yang, H Kotz, KT Frei, H Bergman, RG Harris, CB TI Ultrafast UV pump/IR probe studies of C-H activation in linear, cyclic, and aryl hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BOND ACTIVATION; TP = HYDRIDOTRIS(PYRAZOLYL)BORATE; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; ALKANE COMPLEXES; REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION; OXIDATIVE-ADDITION; RHODIUM; MECHANISM; FEMTOSECOND AB The photochemical C-H activation reactions of eta(3)-Tp*Rh(CO)(2) (Tp* = HB-Pz(3)*, Pz* = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl) and CpRh(CO)(2) (Cp = C5H5) have been studied in a series of linear, cyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents on a femtosecond to microsecond time scale. These results have revealed that the structure of the hydrocarbon substrate affects the final C-H bond activation step, which is in accordance with the known preference of bond activation toward primary C-H sites. In the case of aromatic C-H activation, the reaction is divided into parallel channels involving sigma- and pi-solvated intermediates. Results for the analogous CpRh(CO)(2) molecule have shown that the coordination of the cyclopentadienyl ligand does not play a direct role in the dynamics of the reaction, in contrast to the C-H activation mechanism observed in eta(3)-Tp*Rh(CO)(2) studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Payne, Christine/E-5954-2010; Wilkens, Matthew/I-3720-2014 OI Wilkens, Matthew/0000-0001-6749-9318 NR 61 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 4 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 35 BP 10605 EP 10612 DI 10.1021/ja020418s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 591LH UT WOS:000177881300058 PM 12197763 ER PT J AU Ernst, T Chang, L Chlebowski, R AF Ernst, T Chang, L Chlebowski, R TI Re: The effects of tamoxifen and estrogen on brain metabolism in elderly women - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Res & Educ Inst, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Ernst, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD SEP 4 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 17 BP 1336 EP 1337 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 588ZJ UT WOS:000177732100016 ER PT J AU Pike, LM Anderson, IM Liu, CT Chang, YA AF Pike, LM Anderson, IM Liu, CT Chang, YA TI Site occupancies, point defect concentrations, and solid solution hardening in B2 (Ni,Fe)Al SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE analytical electron microscopy; compounds, intermetallic; mechanical properties, hardness; lattice defects; solute site occupancy ID SECONDARY FLUORESCENCE CORRECTION; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SUBSTITUTIONAL SOLUTES; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; LATTICE-PARAMETERS; VACANCY PRODUCTION; COOLING RATE; FEAL; ADDITIONS; HARDNESS AB A novel approach was used to characterize the site occupancies and point defect concentrations in the B2-ordered (Ni,Fe)Al single phase field over a wide range of composition and temperature. This approach combined atom location by channeling enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI) determinations of atomic site occupancies and vacancy concentration measurements. The triple defect structure was observed across the entire phase field. Qualitative thermodynamic predictions such as that Fe anti-site are more stable than Ni anti-sites were confirmed. However, in some portions of the phase field it was found that Ni anti-site concentrations were higher than expected from simplistic thermodynamic predictions of site preference. Such predictions are clearly inadequate if a quantitative determination of site occupancies is desired. The importance of this type of characterization in interpreting solid solution hardening (SSH) in ordered compounds was illustrated by considering three portions of the (Ni,Fe)AI phase field. In all three cases the solute atoms did not directly harden, but affected the hardness by altering the concentrations of other point defects. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Haynes Int Inc, Engn & Technol, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Pike, LM (reprint author), Haynes Int Inc, Engn & Technol, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. EM lpike@haynesintl.com OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 3859 EP 3879 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00192-1 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00192-1 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 598BT UT WOS:000178255800009 ER PT J AU Korn, D Elssner, G Cannon, RM Ruhle, M AF Korn, D Elssner, G Cannon, RM Ruhle, M TI Fracture properties of interfacially doped Nb-Al2O3 bicrystals: I, fracture characteristics SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID CRACK-GROWTH; INVASION PERCOLATION; SAPPHIRE INTERFACES; BRITTLE-FRACTURE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; TOUGHNESS; SEGREGATION; ADHESION; ALUMINA; ENERGY AB The influence of orientation and impurities on the fracture behavior of Nb-sapphire interfaces was studied using notched bending tests. Single crystals were diffusion bonded in UHV for different interface orientations. The bicrystals were doped to produce prescribed fractional interfacial coverages of Ag. The interfacial impurity content was measured after fracture with Auger spectroscopy. The tougher bicrystals exhibit significant nonlinearity in loading. A J-integral analysis was used to account for the large plastic zones. For undoped bicrystals bonded at 1400degreesC, the interfacial fracture energy ranged from J(c) of 77 to 2100 J/m(2) depending on the interface planes of the Nb and sapphire. Greater toughnesses were derived from bonding at 1300degreesC, owing to less oxygen contamination of the Nb. Interfacial doping by Ag atoms leads to a strong reduction of J(c) at coverages of only 0.2 to 0.5 of a monolayer. Higher fracture energy is caused by greater plastic deformation in the Nb as observed by slip lines on the metal fracture surface. Evaluation of the loading and fracture characteristics revealed that sharp precursor cracks developed initially in the ceramic. Extensive crack blunting also occurs, especially for the tougher bicrystals, but is often followed by erratic or unstable extension during which far less plasticity occurs, apparently owing to the rate sensitivity for Nb deformation. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ruhle, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 93 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 3881 EP 3901 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00193-3 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00193-3 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 598BT UT WOS:000178255800010 ER PT J AU Cannon, RM Korn, D Elssner, G Ruhle, M AF Cannon, RM Korn, D Elssner, G Ruhle, M TI Fracture properties of interfacially doped Nb-Al2O3 bicrystals: II, relation of interfacial bonding, chemistry and local plasticity SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Review ID BONDED NB/AL2O3 INTERFACES; METAL-CERAMIC INTERFACES; CRACK-GROWTH; SAPPHIRE INTERFACES; BRITTLE-FRACTURE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; DUCTILE LAYER; TOUGHNESS; ADHESION AB As described in part I, Nb and alpha-Al2O3 single crystals were diffusion bonded in UHV for several different orientations of the two constituents. These were doped to give defined levels of interface coverage of Ag, Ti, Y or S. The influence of these dopants on the fracture behaviour of the several metal-ceramic interfaces was studied. Submonolayer doping causes large changes in fracture energy J(c): a strong reduction with Ag, and especially S; possibly, a small decrease with Y; and, in contrast, enhancement with Ti. Auger electron spectroscopy data indicated that the interfaces have excess oxygen and provided information on the bonding states and the local crack path. The influences of plasticity of the metal part and of interface chemistry on the bicrystal bond strength are evaluated. The change in the work of attraction, W-at, is derived by means of interface thermodynamics using measured surface and interface coverages of dopant atoms. An empirical relationship is then developed between the interfacial J(c) and W-at, which directly demonstrates increasing toughness and associated crack-tip plasticity with increasing interface bonding. The toughness spans two orders of magnitude while W-at varies by 2.5 times. At a critical level of a transition causes a virtual jump in interfacial J(c); this is interpreted as an incipient blunting transition that is frustrated by the rate sensitive plasticity in the Nb. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ruhle, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 105 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 15 BP 3903 EP 3925 AR PII S1359-6454(02)00194-5 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00194-5 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 598BT UT WOS:000178255800011 ER PT J AU Wang, HH Stamm, KL Parakka, JP Han, CY AF Wang, HH Stamm, KL Parakka, JP Han, CY TI (BEDT-TTF)(2)PF6 thin films - A new approach to the preparation of films from charge-transfer salts SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; PRESSURE ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; BEDT-TTF; AMBIENT-PRESSURE; DONOR MOLECULE; TETRATHIAFULVALENE DERIVATIVES; METALLIC CONDUCTIVITY; ORGANOMETALLIC ANION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POLYMER-FILMS AB Densely covered (ET)X-2 thin films (ET = bis-ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene, X = counter-anion) can be formed by selective electrodeposition on gold electrodes (see Figure). The insulating (ET)X-2 films are converted to (ET)(2)X conductive thin films through a novel conproportionation reaction. This procedure opens up the possibility to prepare patterned conductive and superconductive charge-transfer salt thin films. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, HH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 17 BP 1193 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-4095(20020903)14:17<1193::AID-ADMA1193>3.0.CO;2-I PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 596RC UT WOS:000178178200004 ER PT J AU Sanghani, PC Robinson, H Bosron, WF Hurley, TD AF Sanghani, PC Robinson, H Bosron, WF Hurley, TD TI Human glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. Structures of Apo, Binary, and inhibitory ternary complexes SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIVER ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; CLASS-III ALCOHOL; FATTY-ACID ACTIVATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CLASS-I; SUBSTRATE; MECHANISM; BINDING; RESOLUTION; MODEL AB The human glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase is unique among the structurally studied members of the alcohol dehydrogenase family in that it follows a random bi bi kinetic mechanism. The structures of an apo form of the enzyme, a binary complex with substrate 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, and a ternary complex with NAD+ and the inhibitor dodecanoic acid were determined at 2.0, 2.3, and 2.3 A resolution by X-ray crystallography using the anomalous diffraction signal of zinc. The structures of the enzyme and its binary complex with the primary alcohol substrate, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, and the previously reported binary complex with the coenzyme show that the binding of the first substrate (alcohol or coenzyme) causes only minor changes to the overall structure of the enzyme. This is consistent with the random mechanism of the enzyme where either of the substrates binds to the free enzyme. The catalytic-domain position in these structures is intermediate to the "closed" and "open" conformations observed in class I alcohol dehydrogenases. More importantly, two different tetrahedral coordination environments of the active site zinc are observed in these structures. In the apoenzyme, the active site zinc is coordinated to Cys44, His66 and Cys173, and a water molecule. In the inhibitor complex, the coordination environment involves Glu67 instead of the solvent water molecule. The coordination environment involving Glu67 as the fourth ligand likely represents an intermediate step during ligand exchange at the active site zinc. These observations provide new insight into metal-assisted catalysis and substrate binding in glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hurley, TD (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [P50 AA07611, F32 AA05568, R29 AA10399, R37-AA07117] NR 31 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 35 BP 10778 EP 10786 DI 10.1021/bi0257639 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 589ET UT WOS:000177746300006 PM 12196016 ER PT J AU Micic, M Orbulescu, J Radotic, K Jeremic, M Sui, G Zheng, Y Leblanc, RM AF Micic, M Orbulescu, J Radotic, K Jeremic, M Sui, G Zheng, Y Leblanc, RM TI ZL-DHP lignin model compound at the air-water interface SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lignin model compound; DHP; polymer; langmuir film; air-water interface; cell wall; plant physiology ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; POLYMER MODELS; LB FILMS; LANGMUIR; BIODEGRADATION; MONOLAYERS; PRESSURE; SURFACE AB In this paper we present our surface chemistry studies of enzymatically polymerized, poly-coniferyl alcohol lignin model compound (dehydrogenate polymer a.k.a. ZL-DHP) at the air-water interface. Using the CHCl3/MeOH (5:1 v/v) spreading solvent, we found an average molecular area of ZL-DHP of approximately 1200 Angstrom(2). The monolayer expresses a high compressibility with a collapsed area of 500 Angstrom(2) and collapsed surface pressure of 28 mN m(-1). In the range of applied surface pressures, ZL-DHP polymer have no phase changes, as shown by the very high linearity (R=0.994) of absorbance vs. surface pressure cure. There was no symmetry transitions observed as shown by absence of shifts of absorption peak maximums. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Ctr Supramol Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Microscopy, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. Univ Belgrade, Ctr Multidisciplinary Studies, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys Chem, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia Monteneg. RP Micic, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MS K8-88,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Miodrag.Micic@pnl.gov RI Zheng, Yujun/H-9122-2012; Orbulescu, Jhony/D-7829-2012 OI Orbulescu, Jhony/0000-0001-9408-9787 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 AR PII S0301-4622(02)00121-7 DI 10.1016/S0301-4622(02)00121-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 597LE UT WOS:000178222400005 PM 12223239 ER PT J AU Kenny, PA Enver, T Ashworth, A AF Kenny, PA Enver, T Ashworth, A TI Retroviral vectors for establishing tetracycline-regulated gene expression in an otherwise recalcitrant cell line SO BMC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TRANSGENIC MICE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; SYSTEM; PROMOTER; REPRESSOR; TRANSFECTION; RESISTANCE; PROTEINS; GAL4 AB Background: Tetracycline-regulated systems have been used to control the expression of heterologous genes in such diverse organisms as yeast, plants, flies and mice. Adaptation of this prokaryotic regulatory system avoids many of the problems inherent in other inducible systems. There have, however, been many reports of difficulties in establishing functioning stable cell lines due to the cytotoxic effects of expressing high levels of the tetracycline transactivator, tTA, from a strong viral promoter. Results: Here we report the successful incorporation of tetracycline-mediated gene expression in a mouse mammary epithelial cell line, HC11, in which conventional approaches failed. We generated retroviruses in which tTA expression was controlled by one of three promoters: a synthetic tetracycline responsive promoter (TRE), the elongation factor 1-alpha promoter (EF1alpha) or the phosphoglycerate kinase-1 promoter (PGK), and compared the resulting cell lines to one generated using a cytomegalovirus immediate early gene promoter (CMV). In contrast to cells produced using the CMV and PGK promoters, those produced using the EF1alpha and TRE promoters expressed high levels of beta-galactosidase in a tetracycline-dependent manner. Conclusions: These novel retroviral vectors performed better than the commercially available system and may have a more general utility in similarly recalcitrant cell lines. C1 Inst Canc Res, Chester Beatty Labs, Breakthrough Breast Canc Res Ctr, London SW3 6JB, England. Inst Canc Res, Chester Beatty Labs, Sect Gene Funct & Regulat, London SW3 6JB, England. RP Kenny, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kenny, Paraic/A-3120-2008 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2199 J9 BMC MOL BIOL JI BMC Mol. Biol. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 3 AR 13 DI 10.1186/1471-2199-3-13 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 631PX UT WOS:000180177100001 PM 12392602 ER PT J AU Cherian, S Mehta, A Thundat, T AF Cherian, S Mehta, A Thundat, T TI Investigating the mechanical effects of adsorption of Ca2+ ions on a silicon nitride microcantilever surface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RESONATING MICROCANTILEVERS; CALMODULIN; STRESS; SENSOR; CANTILEVERS; INTERFACE; GOLD AB Adsorption characteristics of calcium ions on silicon nitride surfaces have been investigated using microcantilevers. Both resonance frequency and cantilever bending undergo variation due to calcium ion adsorption. The adsorption behavior was found to fit a Langmuir isotherm. From the linearized form of the isotherm, the binding constant of adsorption, K, was found to be 116 M-1 and the stress change at maximum coverage, Deltasigma(max), was 0.46 N m(-1). The Gibbs free energy change was estimated to be -11.8 kJ mol(-1). A calcium-binding protein, calmodulin, was used to check for the presence of adsorbed Ca2+ ions on the cantilever surface. Fluorescence measurements with Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated calmodulin gave confirmatory evidence of the presence of Ca2+ ions on the silicon nitride side of the cantilever surface. These results indicate that the presence, of Ca2+ ions and probably other cations in the solution can cause cantilever resonance frequency shifts and bending. It is therefore critical to correct for these contributions even when the reaction of interest is confined to the gold side. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 18 BP 6935 EP 6939 DI 10.1021/la025806m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 589BT UT WOS:000177738700031 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TJ Markovic, NM Stamenkovic, V Ross, PN Attard, GA Watson, DJ AF Schmidt, TJ Markovic, NM Stamenkovic, V Ross, PN Attard, GA Watson, DJ TI Surface characterization and electrochemical behavior of well-defined Pt-Pd{111} single-crystal surfaces: A comparative study using Pt{111} and palladium-modified Pt{111} electrodes SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ALLOY SURFACES; ADSORPTION; ELECTROOXIDATION; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYCRYSTALLINE; DEPOSITION; ABSORPTION; REDUCTION; KINETICS; COPPER AB Two Pd-Pt{111} single-crystal alloy surfaces have been prepared with 6.25% and 25% Pd bulk composition. Their surface structure and composition have been characterized both in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) and electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Comparison has been made with the voltammetric response of Pt{111} and Pt{111} modified with a monolayer of palladium [Pd-Pt{111}] The alloy crystals when clean and thermally annealed in UHV gave rise to sharp (1 X 1) LEED patterns. AES and LEIS revealed that a surface enrichment in palladium took place in agreement with an earlier study using polycrystalline Pd-Pt alloy samples. Gentle ion etching of the thermally equilibrated surface (to remove the selvedge region) followed by AES and LEIS analysis established that the bulk composition was in precise agreement with the nominal bulk composition expected on the basis of the amount of palladium introduced into the melt for the 25% alloy, but a slightly higher value was determined for the 6.25% alloy. Nonetheless, the veracity of the Clavilier method in producing high-quality single-crystal Pt-Pd alloy bead electrodes is confirmed. Electrochemical studies of the alloy surfaces in perchloric acid, perchloric acid containing chloride ions, and aqueous acidic copper chloride revealed a systematic and smooth gradation of voltammetric response when compared with results for Pt{111} and Pd-Pt{111}. For example, CV features associated with "Pt-like" and "Pd-like" regions can be identified readily and a scaling in their intensity can be related rather straightforwardly to the concentration of palladium in the surface. C1 Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Chem, Cardiff CF10 3TB, S Glam, Wales. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schmidt, TJ (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Chem, POB 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, S Glam, Wales. EM attard@cardiff.ac.uk RI Schmidt, Thomas/A-2586-2010 OI Schmidt, Thomas/0000-0002-1636-367X NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 18 BP 6969 EP 6975 DI 10.1021/la025521+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 589BT UT WOS:000177738700036 ER PT J AU Baumann, TF Fox, GA Satcher, JH Yoshizawa, N Fu, RW Dresselhaus, MS AF Baumann, TF Fox, GA Satcher, JH Yoshizawa, N Fu, RW Dresselhaus, MS TI Synthesis and characterization of copper-doped carbon aerogels SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC AEROGELS AB We have prepared carbon aerogels (CAs) doped with copper through sol-gel polymerization of formaldehyde with the potassium salt of 2, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, followed by ion exchange with Cu(NO3)(2), supercritical drying with liquid CO2, and carbonization at 1050 degreesC under a N-2 atmosphere. The materials were characterized by elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Results obtained indicate that this approach is an effective method for controlling both the amount and the distribution of a desired metal species within the carbon framework. We also found that carbonization of the copper-doped organic aerogels results in the formation of spherical copper nanoparticles within the carbon framework of the aerogel. The copper nanoparticles have a cubic crystalline structure and range in size from 10 to 50 nm. The Cu-doped CAs retain the overall open cell structure of metal-free CAs, exhibiting high surface areas and pore diameters in the micro- and mesoporic region. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Baumann, TF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 88 Z9 97 U1 9 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 18 BP 7073 EP 7076 DI 10.1021/la0259003 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 589BT UT WOS:000177738700051 ER PT J AU Gong, B Zeng, HQ Zhu, J Yuan, LH Han, YH Cheng, SZ Furukawa, M Parra, RD Kovalevsky, AY Mills, JL Skrzypczak-Jankun, E Martinovic, S Smith, RD Zheng, C Szyperski, T Zeng, XC AF Gong, B Zeng, HQ Zhu, J Yuan, LH Han, YH Cheng, SZ Furukawa, M Parra, RD Kovalevsky, AY Mills, JL Skrzypczak-Jankun, E Martinovic, S Smith, RD Zheng, C Szyperski, T Zeng, XC TI Creating nanocavities of tunable sizes: Hollow helices SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY STRUCTURES; GAMMA-HEXAPEPTIDE; SIDE-CHAINS; OLIGOMERS; PEPTIDES; PATTERNS; STRAND; TURNS; ACIDS AB A general strategy for creating nanocavities with tunable sizes based on the folding of unnatural oligomers is presented. The backbones of these oligomers are rigidified by localized, three-center intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which lead to well-defined hollow helical conformations. Changing the curvature of the oligomer backbone leads to the adjustment of the interior cavity size. Helices with interior cavities of 10 Angstrom to >30 Angstrom across, the largest thus far formed by the folding of unnatural foldamers, are generated. Cavities of these sizes are usually seen at the tertiary and quaternary structural levels of proteins. The ability to tune molecular dimensions without altering the underlying topology is seen in few natural and unnatural foldamer systems. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Chem, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Gong, B (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Zeng, Huaqiang/0000-0002-8246-2000; Kovalevsky, Andrey/0000-0003-4459-9142; Mills, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5313-7938 NR 22 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 34 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 18 BP 11583 EP 11588 DI 10.1073/pnas.162277099 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 590UW UT WOS:000177843100012 PM 12177422 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Wang, WR Kim, KK AF Kim, SH Wang, WR Kim, KK TI Dynamic and clustering model of bacterial chemotaxis receptors: Structural basis for signaling and high sensitivity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE transmembrane signaling; receptor signaling; receptor clustering; signal gain; signal amplification ID LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; ASPARTATE RECEPTOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; COVALENT MODIFICATION; SENSORY RECEPTOR; ADAPTATION; TRANSDUCTION; CHEMORECEPTOR AB Bacterial chemotaxis receptors can detect a small concentration gradient of attractants; and repellents in the environment over a wide range of background concentration. The clustering of these receptors to form patches observed in vivo and in vitro has been suspected as a reason for the high sensitivity, and such wide dynamic range is thought to be due to the resetting of the receptor sensitivity threshold by methylation/demethylation of the receptors. However, the mechanisms by which such high sensitivity is achieved and how the methylation/demethylation resets the sensitivity are not well understood. A molecular modeling of an intact bacterial chemotaxis receptor based on the crystal structures of a cytoplasmic domain and a periplasmic domain suggests an interesting clustering of three dimeric receptors and a two-dimensional, close-packed lattice formation of the clusters, where each receptor dimer contacts two other receptor dimers at the cytoplasmic domain and two yet different receptor dimers at the periplasmic domain. This interconnection of the receptors to form a patch of receptor clusters suggests a structural basis for the high sensitivity of the bacterial chemotaxis receptors. Furthermore, we present crystallographic data suggesting that, in contrast to most molecular signaling by conformational changes and/or oligomerization of the signaling molecules, the changes in dynamic property of the receptors on ligand binding or methylation may be the language of the signaling by the chemotaxis receptors. Taken together, the changes of the dynamic property of one receptor propagating mechanically to many others in the receptor patch provides a plausible, simple mechanism for the high sensitivity and the dynamic range of the receptors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem & EO, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem & EO, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA78406] NR 41 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 18 BP 11611 EP 11615 DI 10.1073/pnas.132376499 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 590UW UT WOS:000177843100017 PM 12186970 ER PT J AU Lesley, SA Kuhn, P Godzik, A Deacon, AM Mathews, I Kreusch, A Spraggon, G Klock, HE McMullan, D Shin, T Vincent, J Robb, A Brinen, LS Miller, MD McPhillips, TM Miller, MA Scheibe, D Canaves, JM Guda, C Jaroszewski, L Selby, TL Elsliger, MA Wooley, J Taylor, SS Hodgson, KO Wilson, IA Schultz, PG Stevens, RC AF Lesley, SA Kuhn, P Godzik, A Deacon, AM Mathews, I Kreusch, A Spraggon, G Klock, HE McMullan, D Shin, T Vincent, J Robb, A Brinen, LS Miller, MD McPhillips, TM Miller, MA Scheibe, D Canaves, JM Guda, C Jaroszewski, L Selby, TL Elsliger, MA Wooley, J Taylor, SS Hodgson, KO Wilson, IA Schultz, PG Stevens, RC TI Structural genomics of the Thermotoga maritima proteome implemented in a high-throughput structure determination pipeline SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; QUALITY; CRYSTALLIZATION; SEQUENCE; SYSTEM; MODEL; MAD AB Structural genomics is emerging as a principal approach to define protein structure-function relationships. To apply this approach on a genomic scale, novel methods and technologies must be developed to determine large numbers of structures. We describe the design and implementation of a high-throughput structural genomics pipeline and its application to the proteome of the thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. By using this pipeline, we successfully cloned and attempted expression of 1,376 of the predicted 1,877 genes (73%) and have identified crystallization conditions for 432 proteins, comprising 23% of the T. maritima proteome. Representative structures from TM0423 glycerol dehydrogenase and TM0449 thymidylate synthase-complementing protein are presented as examples of final outputs from the pipeline. C1 Novaratis Res Fdn, Joint Ctr Struct Genomics, Genomics Inst, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Stanford Univ, Joint Ctr Struct Genomics, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Joint Ctr Struct Genomics, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Joint Ctr Struct Genomics, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Lesley, SA (reprint author), Novaratis Res Fdn, Joint Ctr Struct Genomics, Genomics Inst, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009; Stevens, Raymond/K-7272-2015 OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X; Stevens, Raymond/0000-0002-4522-8725 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62411, P50 GM062411, U54 GM094586] NR 29 TC 340 Z9 354 U1 1 U2 39 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 3 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 18 BP 11664 EP 11669 DI 10.1073/pnas.142413399 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 590UW UT WOS:000177843100026 PM 12193646 ER PT J AU Rashkeev, SN Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Pantelides, ST AF Rashkeev, SN Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Pantelides, ST TI Dual behavior of H+ at Si-SiO2 interfaces: Mobility versus trapping SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN; SIO2; SILICON; RADIATION; TRANSPORT; DEVICES; OXIDES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PASSIVATION; DYNAMICS AB We report first-principles calculations showing that protons in the vicinity of a Si-SiO2 interface can behave in two different ways. At an abrupt interface without suboxide bonds (Si-Si bonds at the oxide side of the interface) H+ does not become trapped but migrates laterally until it reacts with a point defect (e.g., depassivates a hydrogenated dangling bond). On the other hand, when large concentrations of suboxide bonds are present, H+ can become trapped in a deep energy minimum with a highly asymmetric energy barrier. Thus, large H+ densities first saturate suboxide bonds, and the balance can be cycled back and forth between a pair of interfaces by reversing the electric field. These results account for the experimentally observed dual behavior of protons at Si-SiO2 interfaces. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rashkeev, SN (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1839 EP 1841 DI 10.1063/1.1504879 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588AA UT WOS:000177676200030 ER PT J AU Ye, Y Biswas, R Bastawros, A Chandra, A AF Ye, Y Biswas, R Bastawros, A Chandra, A TI Simulation of chemical mechanical planarization of copper with molecular dynamics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; METALS; SCALE AB With an aim to understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of copper, we simulate the nanoscale polishing of a copper surface with molecular dynamics utilizing the embedded atom method. Mechanical abrasion produces rough planarized surfaces with a large chip in front of the abrasive particle, and dislocations in the bulk of the crystal. The addition of chemical dissolution leads to very smooth planarized copper surfaces and considerably smaller frictional forces that prevent the formation of bulk dislocations. This is a first step towards understanding the interplay between mechanistic material abrasion and chemical dissolution in chemical mechanical planarization of copper interconnects. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Wuhan Univ, Ctr Anal & Testing, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ye, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Bastawros, Ashraf/L-8057-2013; OI Bastawros, Ashraf/0000-0003-4547-8588; Chandra, Abhijit/0000-0002-4844-4466 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1875 EP 1877 DI 10.1063/1.1505113 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588AA UT WOS:000177676200042 ER PT J AU Pierce, JP Plummer, EW Shen, J AF Pierce, JP Plummer, EW Shen, J TI Ferromagnetism in cobalt-iron alloy nanowire arrays on W(110) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; FE; FE(110); FILMS AB We have prepared arrays of parallel Fe1-xCox alloy nanowires along the atomic step edges of a miscut W(110) surface. Their magnetic properties have been studied with the surface magneto-optical Kerr effect as a function of the relative concentration of the two materials. At low (<35%) cobalt concentrations, the wire arrays exhibit a ferromagnetic easy axis along the substrate [1 -1 0] direction, which is in the surface plane, but perpendicular to the wires. Unlike the bulk alloy, this system shows a decrease in its Curie temperature as cobalt is added to pure Fe. The Curie temperature drops sharply near x=0.35, indicating that cobalt frustrates magnetic ordering in the system. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Pierce, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 10 BP 1890 EP 1892 DI 10.1063/1.1506185 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588AA UT WOS:000177676200047 ER PT J AU Ren, Y Ruscher, CH Haas, C Wiegers, GA AF Ren, Y Ruscher, CH Haas, C Wiegers, GA TI Electrical transport and optical properties of the incommensurate intergrowth compounds (SbS)(1.15)(TiS2)(n) with n=1 and 2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MISFIT LAYER COMPOUNDS; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; TIS2; METAL; RESISTIVITY; REFLECTIVITY; SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE; LEVEL AB The in-plane electrical transport and optical properties of the incommensurate intergrowth compounds (SbS)(1.15)(TiS2)(n) with n = 1, 2 have been investigated by means of measurements of the electrical resistivity, Hall coefficient and thermopower in the temperature range from 4.2 to 350 K, and by optical spectroscopy in the frequency range 1000-20000 cm(-1) at room temperature. Both the Hall effect and the thermopower indicate transport by electrons. The Hall coefficients show electron donation of about 0.57 and 0.34 of an electron per Ti atom for (SbS)(1.15)(TiS2)(n) with n = 1 and 2, respectively. The in-plane resistivity rho(ab)(T) exhibits a non-linear dependence on temperature, which can be described with the formula rho(ab)(T) = rho(0) + A(ee) (T/TF)(2) ln(T-F/T) as for a two-dimensional Fermi liquid. Fits according to the Drude model to the room temperature optical reflectivity show that the relaxation rate has a quadratic variation with frequency 1/tau(omega) similar to omega(2), also indicating Fermi-liquid behaviour with interelectronic collisions of quasiparticles, Only a small anisotropy in the ab-plane is observed in the optical spectra for the electrical field polarized parallel and perpendicular to the incommensurate direction. C1 Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Hannover, Inst Mineral, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Ren, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 34 BP 8011 EP 8023 AR PII S0953-8984(02)35010-0 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/34/320 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 594LN UT WOS:000178051800023 ER PT J AU Zhang, SB AF Zhang, SB TI The microscopic origin of the doping limits in semiconductors and wide-gap materials and recent developments in overcoming these limits: a review SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; QUASI-PARTICLE ENERGIES; NATIVE-DEFECT COMPLEXES; III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; P-TYPE ZNSE; DX-CENTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION AB This paper reviews the recent developments in first-principles total energy studies of the phenomenological equilibrium 'doping limit ruled that governs the maximum electrical conductivity of semiconductors via extrinsic or intrinsic doping. The rule relates the maximum equilibrium carrier concentrations (electrons or holes) of a wide range of materials to their respective band alignments. The microscopic origin of the mysterious 'doping limit rule' is the spontaneous formation of intrinsic defects: e.g., in n-type semiconductors, the formation of cation vacancies. Recent development-, in overcoming the equilibrium doping limits are also discussed: it appears that a common route to significantly increase carrier concentrations is to expand the physically accessible range of the dopant atomic chemical potential by non-equilibrium doping processes. which not only suppresses the formation of the intrinsic defects but also lowers the formation energy of the impurities, thereby significantly increasing their solubility. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; Allouche, Alain/L-3562-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; NR 106 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 4 U2 41 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 34 BP R881 EP R903 AR PII S0953-8984(02)23469-4 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/34/201 PG 23 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 594LN UT WOS:000178051800002 ER PT J AU Giesbrecht, GR Cui, CM Shafir, A Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J AF Giesbrecht, GR Cui, CM Shafir, A Schmidt, JAR Arnold, J TI Divalent lanthanide metal complexes of a triazacyclononane-functionalized tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligand: X-ray crystal structures of [C5Me4SiMe2(Pr-i(2)-tacn)]LnI (Ln = Sm, Yb; tacn = 1,4-diisopropyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION; CYCLOPENTADIENYL COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; SAMARIUM; YTTRIUM; POLYMERIZATION; YTTERBIUM(II); METALLOCENES; DERIVATIVES AB The synthesis and characterization of divalent lanthanide complexes of a triazacyclononane-functionalized tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligand are described. Addition of LnI(2)(THF)(2) (Ln = Sm, Yb; THF = tetrahydrofuran) to [C5Me4SiMe2(Pr-i(2)-tacn)]K (tacn = 1,4-diisopropyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) in THF yields the monomeric organolanthanides [C5Me4SiMe2(Pr-i(2)-tacn)]SmI (1) and [C5Me4SiMe2(Pr-i(2)-tacn)]YbI (2). The crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been determined. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Shafir, Alexandr/D-1676-2009; Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Shafir, Alexandr/0000-0002-8127-2299; Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 18 BP 3841 EP 3844 DI 10.1021/om020372b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 588RG UT WOS:000177714000025 ER PT J AU Bennett, GW Bousquet, B Brown, HN Bunce, G Carey, RM Cushman, P Danby, GT Debevec, PT Deile, M Deng, H Deninger, W Dhawan, SK Druzhinin, VP Duong, L Efstathiadis, E Farley, FJM Fedotovich, GV Giron, S Gray, FE Grigoriev, D Grosse-Perdekamp, M Grossmann, A Hare, MF Hertzog, DW Huang, X Hughes, VW Iwasaki, M Jungmann, K Kawall, D Khazin, BI Kindem, J Krienen, F Kronkvist, I Lam, A Larsen, R Lee, YY Logashenko, I McNabb, R Meng, W Mi, J Miller, JP Morse, WM Nikas, D Onderwater, CJG Orlov, Y Ozben, CS Paley, JM Peng, Q Polly, CC Pretz, J Prigl, R Putlitz, GZ Qian, T Redin, SI Rind, O Roberts, BL Ryskulov, N Shagin, P Semertzidis, YK Shatunov, YM Sichtermann, EP Solodov, E Sossong, M Steinmetz, A Sulak, LR Trofimov, A Urner, D von Walter, P Warburton, D Yamamoto, A AF Bennett, GW Bousquet, B Brown, HN Bunce, G Carey, RM Cushman, P Danby, GT Debevec, PT Deile, M Deng, H Deninger, W Dhawan, SK Druzhinin, VP Duong, L Efstathiadis, E Farley, FJM Fedotovich, GV Giron, S Gray, FE Grigoriev, D Grosse-Perdekamp, M Grossmann, A Hare, MF Hertzog, DW Huang, X Hughes, VW Iwasaki, M Jungmann, K Kawall, D Khazin, BI Kindem, J Krienen, F Kronkvist, I Lam, A Larsen, R Lee, YY Logashenko, I McNabb, R Meng, W Mi, J Miller, JP Morse, WM Nikas, D Onderwater, CJG Orlov, Y Ozben, CS Paley, JM Peng, Q Polly, CC Pretz, J Prigl, R Putlitz, GZ Qian, T Redin, SI Rind, O Roberts, BL Ryskulov, N Shagin, P Semertzidis, YK Shatunov, YM Sichtermann, EP Solodov, E Sossong, M Steinmetz, A Sulak, LR Trofimov, A Urner, D von Walter, P Warburton, D Yamamoto, A CA Muon G-2 Collaboration TI Measurement of the positive muon anomalous magnetic moment to 0.7 ppm SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC CONTRIBUTIONS; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; ALPHA(M-Z(2)); PHYSICS; VALUES; G-2; NMR AB A higher precision measurement of the anomalous g value, a(mu)=(g-2)/2, for the positive muon has been made at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, based on data collected in the year 2000. The result a(mu)(+)=11 659 204(7)(5)x10(-10) (0.7 ppm) is in good agreement with previous measurements and has an error about one-half that of the combined previous data. The present world average experimental value is a(mu)(expt)=11 659 203(8)x10(-10) (0.7 ppm). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Bennett, GW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Jungmann, Klaus/A-7142-2010; jungmann, klaus/H-1581-2013; Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013; Logashenko, Ivan/A-3872-2014; Iwasaki, Masahiko/M-8433-2014 OI jungmann, klaus/0000-0003-0571-4072; Iwasaki, Masahiko/0000-0002-3460-9469 NR 30 TC 373 Z9 373 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 101804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.101804 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600011 PM 12225185 ER PT J AU Choi, SK Olsen, SL Abe, K Abe, K Abe, R Abe, T Adachi, I Ahn, BS Aihara, H Akatsu, M Asano, Y Aso, T Aulchenko, V Aushev, T Bakich, AM Ban, Y Banas, E Bay, A Behera, PK Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Brodzicka, J Browder, TE Casey, BCK Chang, P Chao, Y Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, Y Danilov, M Dong, LY Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Eiges, V Enari, Y Fang, F Fujii, H Fukunaga, C Gabyshev, N Garmash, A Gershon, T Gordon, A Guo, R Handa, F Hara, T Harada, Y Hayashii, H Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, I Higuchi, T Hojo, T Hokuue, T Hoshi, Y Hou, SR Hou, WS Huang, HC Igaki, T Igarashi, Y Iijima, T Inami, K Ishikawa, A Itoh, R Iwamoto, M Iwasaki, H Iwasaki, Y Kaneko, J Kang, JH Kang, JS Kapusta, P Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawakami, Y Kawamura, N Kawasaki, T Kichimi, H Kim, DW Kim, H Kim, HJ Kim, HO Kim, H Kim, TH Kinoshita, K Krizan, P Krokovny, P Kulasiri, R Kumar, S Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lange, JS Leder, G Lee, SH Li, J Liventsev, D Lu, RS MacNaughton, J Majumder, G Mandl, F Matsumoto, S Matsumoto, T Miyake, H Miyata, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nagamine, T Nagasaka, Y Nakano, E Nakao, M Nam, JW Natkaniec, Z Neichi, K Nishida, S Nitoh, O Nozaki, T Ogawa, S Ohno, F Ohshima, T Okabe, T Okuno, S Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Palka, H Park, CW Park, H Peak, LS Perroud, JP Peters, M Piilonen, LE Ronga, FJ Root, N Rozanska, M Rybicki, K Sagawa, H Saitoh, S Sakai, Y Satapathy, M Satpathy, A Schneider, O Schrenk, S Semenov, S Senyo, K Sevior, ME Shibuya, H Shwartz, B Sidorov, V Singh, JB Stanic, S Staric, M Sugi, A Sugiyama, A Sumisawa, K Sumiyoshi, T Suzuki, S Suzuki, SY Takahashi, T Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tamura, N Tanaka, J Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Teramoto, Y Tokuda, S Tomura, T Tovey, SN Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Ueno, K Uno, S Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, SE Varner, G Varvell, KE Wang, CC Wang, CH Wang, JG Wang, MZ Watanabe, Y Won, E Yabsley, BD Yamada, Y Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yashima, J Yokoyama, M Yuan, Y Yusa, Y Zhang, ZP Zhilich, V Zontar, D AF Choi, SK Olsen, SL Abe, K Abe, K Abe, R Abe, T Adachi, I Ahn, BS Aihara, H Akatsu, M Asano, Y Aso, T Aulchenko, V Aushev, T Bakich, AM Ban, Y Banas, E Bay, A Behera, PK Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Brodzicka, J Browder, TE Casey, BCK Chang, P Chao, Y Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, Y Danilov, M Dong, LY Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Eiges, V Enari, Y Fang, F Fujii, H Fukunaga, C Gabyshev, N Garmash, A Gershon, T Gordon, A Guo, R Handa, F Hara, T Harada, Y Hayashii, H Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, I Higuchi, T Hojo, T Hokuue, T Hoshi, Y Hou, SR Hou, WS Huang, HC Igaki, T Igarashi, Y Iijima, T Inami, K Ishikawa, A Itoh, R Iwamoto, M Iwasaki, H Iwasaki, Y Kaneko, J Kang, JH Kang, JS Kapusta, P Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawakami, Y Kawamura, N Kawasaki, T Kichimi, H Kim, DW Kim, H Kim, HJ Kim, HO Kim, H Kim, TH Kinoshita, K Krizan, P Krokovny, P Kulasiri, R Kumar, S Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lange, JS Leder, G Lee, SH Li, J Liventsev, D Lu, RS MacNaughton, J Majumder, G Mandl, F Matsumoto, S Matsumoto, T Miyake, H Miyata, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nagamine, T Nagasaka, Y Nakano, E Nakao, M Nam, JW Natkaniec, Z Neichi, K Nishida, S Nitoh, O Nozaki, T Ogawa, S Ohno, F Ohshima, T Okabe, T Okuno, S Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Palka, H Park, CW Park, H Peak, LS Perroud, JP Peters, M Piilonen, LE Ronga, FJ Root, N Rozanska, M Rybicki, K Sagawa, H Saitoh, S Sakai, Y Satapathy, M Satpathy, A Schneider, O Schrenk, S Semenov, S Senyo, K Sevior, ME Shibuya, H Shwartz, B Sidorov, V Singh, JB Stanic, S Staric, M Sugi, A Sugiyama, A Sumisawa, K Sumiyoshi, T Suzuki, S Suzuki, SY Takahashi, T Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tamura, N Tanaka, J Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Teramoto, Y Tokuda, S Tomura, T Tovey, SN Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Ueno, K Uno, S Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, SE Varner, G Varvell, KE Wang, CC Wang, CH Wang, JG Wang, MZ Watanabe, Y Won, E Yabsley, BD Yamada, Y Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yashima, J Yokoyama, M Yuan, Y Yusa, Y Zhang, ZP Zhilich, V Zontar, D CA Belle Collaboration TI Observation of the eta(c)(2S) in exclusive B -> KKSK-pi(+) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEARCH; MASS; LEP AB We report the observation of a narrow peak in the K(S)K(-)pi(+) invariant mass distribution in a sample of exclusive B-->KK(S)K(-)pi(+) decays collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric e(+)e(-) collider. The measured mass of the peak is M=3654+/-6(stat)+/-8(syst) MeV/c(2), and we place a 90% confidence level upper limit on the width of Gamma<55 MeV/c(2). The properties agree with heavy-quark potential model expectations for the eta(c)(2S) meson, the n=2 singlet S charmonium state. C1 Aomori Univ, Aomori, Japan. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Chiba Univ, Chiba, Japan. Chuo Univ, Tokyo 112, Japan. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima, Japan. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Inst High Energy Phys, Vienna, Austria. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Lausanne, Inst Phys Hautes Energies, Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Natl Lien Ho Inst Technol, Miaoli, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Nihon Dent Coll, Niigata, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Toho Univ, Funabashi, Chiba 274, Japan. Tohoku Gakuin Univ, Tagajo, Miyagi 985, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. Toyama Natl Coll Maritime Technol, Toyama, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Utkal Univ, Bhubaneswar 751004, Orissa, India. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yokkaichi Univ, Yokaichi, Japan. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Chinju, South Korea. RP Choi, SK (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Chinju, South Korea. RI Ishikawa, Akimasa/G-6916-2012; Abe, Kazuo/F-6576-2010; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Yokoyama, Masashi/A-4458-2011; Pakhlov, Pavel/K-2158-2013; Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014; Krokovny, Pavel/G-4421-2016; Chistov, Ruslan/B-4893-2014; Drutskoy, Alexey/C-8833-2016; Huang, Hsuan-Cheng/C-7266-2011; Nitoh, Osamu/C-3522-2013 OI Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Yokoyama, Masashi/0000-0003-2742-0251; Pakhlov, Pavel/0000-0001-7426-4824; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164; Krokovny, Pavel/0000-0002-1236-4667; Chistov, Ruslan/0000-0003-1439-8390; Drutskoy, Alexey/0000-0003-4524-0422; Huang, Hsuan-Cheng/0000-0002-3386-0934; NR 24 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 102001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.102001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600012 PM 12225186 ER PT J AU Gelmini, G Kusenko, A Nussinov, S AF Gelmini, G Kusenko, A Nussinov, S TI Experimental identification of nonpointlike dark-matter candidates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID Q-BALLS; MIRROR UNIVERSE; BARYOGENESIS; SIGNATURES; PHYSICS; HIGGS; MSSM AB We show that direct dark-matter detection experiments can distinguish between pointlike and nonpointlike dark-matter candidates. The shape of the nuclear recoil-energy spectrum from pointlike dark-matter particles, e.g., neutralinos, is determined by the velocity distribution of dark matter in the galactic halo and by nuclear form factors. Typical cross sections of nonpointlike dark matter, for example, Q-balls, have a new form factor, which decreases rapidly with the recoil energy. A signal from nonpointlike dark matter is expected to peak near the experimental threshold and to fall off rapidly at higher energies. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Gelmini, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 101302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.101302 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600007 PM 12225181 ER PT J AU Granado, E Martinho, H Sercheli, MS Pagliuso, PG Jackson, DD Torelli, M Lynn, JW Rettori, C Fisk, Z Oseroff, SB AF Granado, E Martinho, H Sercheli, MS Pagliuso, PG Jackson, DD Torelli, M Lynn, JW Rettori, C Fisk, Z Oseroff, SB TI Unconventional metallic magnetism in LaCrSb3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LN=LA-ND; ANTIMONIDES; FERROMAGNET; SM AB Neutron-diffraction measurements in LaCrSb3 show a coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic sublattices below T-C=126 K, with ordered moments of 1.65(4) and 0.49(4)mu(B)/formula unit, respectively (T=10 K), and a spin-reorientation transition at approximate to95 K. No clear peak or step was observed in the specific heat at T-C. Coexisting localized and itinerant spins are suggested. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Granado, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Granado, Eduardo/F-5389-2012; Martinho, Herculano/F-4684-2015; Optica e Eletronica, Laboratorio/A-8669-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 107204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.107204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600047 PM 12225221 ER PT J AU Morr, DK AF Morr, DK TI Resonant impurity states in the d-density-wave phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERMI-SURFACE; BOUND-STATES; PSEUDOGAP; SUPERCONDUCTORS; MODEL; DISPERSION; EVOLUTION; SYMMETRY AB We study the electronic structure near impurities in the d-density-wave (DDW) state, a possible candidate phase for the pseudogap region of the high-temperature superconductors. We show that the density of states near a nonmagnetic impurity in the DDW state is qualitatively different from that in a superconductor with d(x)(2)-y(2) symmetry. Thus, the electronic structure near impurities can provide insight into the nature of the two phases recently observed by scanning tunneling microscopy experiments in the superconducting state of underdoped Bi-2212 compounds. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morr, DK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. OI Morr, Dirk/0000-0003-3692-2835 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 106401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.106401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600034 PM 12225208 ER PT J AU Nakatsuji, S Yeo, S Balicas, L Fisk, Z Schlottmann, P Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD AF Nakatsuji, S Yeo, S Balicas, L Fisk, Z Schlottmann, P Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD TI Intersite coupling effects in a Kondo lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; CECOIN5; SPIN; NMR AB The La dilution of the Kondo lattice CeCoIn5 is studied. The scaling laws found for the magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat reveal two well-separated energy scales, corresponding to the single-impurity Kondo temperature T-K and an intersite spin-liquid temperature T-*. The Ce-dilute alloy has the expected Fermi liquid ground state, while the specific heat and resistivity in the dense Kondo regime exhibit non-Fermi-liquid behavior, which scales with T-*. These observations indicate that the screening of the magnetic moments in the lattice involves antiferromagnetic intersite correlations with a larger energy scale in comparison with the Kondo impurity case. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nakatsuji, S (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Schlottmann, Pedro/G-1579-2013 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; NR 27 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 106402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.106402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600035 PM 12225209 ER PT J AU Onofrio, R Presilla, C AF Onofrio, R Presilla, C TI Reaching Fermi degeneracy in two-species optical dipole traps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; ATOMIC GAS; SUPERFLUIDITY; PRESSURE AB We propose the use of a combined optical dipole trap to achieve Fermi degeneracy by sympathetic cooling with a different bosonic species. Two far-detuned pairs of laser beams focused on the atomic clouds are used to confine the two atomic species with different trapping strengths. We show that a deep Fermi degeneracy regime can be potentially achieved earlier than Bose-Einstein condensation, as discussed in the favorable situation of a Li-6-Na-23 mixture. This opens up the possibility of experimentally investigating a mixture of superfluid Fermi and normal Bose gases. C1 Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. INFM, Unita Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ctr Stat Mech & Complex, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 100401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.100401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600001 PM 12225175 ER PT J AU Sarid, E Gilson, EP Fajans, J AF Sarid, E Gilson, EP Fajans, J TI Decay of the diocotron rotation and transport in a new low-density asymmetry-dominated regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; ELECTRON-PLASMA; MODE AB The decay of the diocotron rotation was studied in a new regime in which trap asymmetries dominate. Decay within a few diocotron periods was observed, sometimes orders of magnitude faster than predicted by the traditional "rotational pumping" theory. The decay does not conserve angular momentum, and is strongest for small, low-density columns. The new regime appears when "magnetron-like" rotation from the end confinement fields becomes dominant, and appears to be associated with errors in these fields. Transition to decay dominated by rotational pumping was observed for larger and denser columns. The asymmetry-dominated transport was also studied, and found to depend linearly on the line density (and not the density) over nearly 4 orders of magnitude. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sarid, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 105002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.105002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600029 ER PT J AU Shapira, D Saltmarsh, M AF Shapira, D Saltmarsh, M TI Nuclear fusion in collapsing bubbles - Is it there? An attempt to repeat the observation of nuclear emissions from sonoluminescence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have repeated the experiment of Taleyarkhan et al. [Science 295, 1868 (2002)] in an attempt to detect the emission of neutrons from d-d fusion during bubble collapse in deuterated acetone. Using the same cavitation apparatus, a more sophisticated data acquisition system, and a larger scintillator detector, we find no evidence for 2.5-MeV neutron emission correlated with sonoluminescence form collapsing bubbles. Any neutron emission that might occur is at least 4 orders of magnitude too small to explain the tritium production reported in Taleyarkhan et al. as being due to d-d fusion. We show that proper allowance for random coincidence rates in such experiments requires the simultaneous measurement of the count rates in the individual detectors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 10 AR 104302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.104302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 586KF UT WOS:000177582600022 PM 12225196 ER PT J AU Swadener, JG Misra, A Hoagland, RG Nastasi, A AF Swadener, JG Misra, A Hoagland, RG Nastasi, A TI A mechanistic description of combined hardening and size effects SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE hardness testing; dislocations theory; lattice defects; yield phenomena ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HARDNESS; COPPER AB Mechanistic models based on geometrically necessary dislocations are re-examined in light of recent experiments exhibiting the indentation size effect. A simple method is developed to combine work hardening, solid solution hardening, radiation hardening and size effects. The model is verified by experiments in ionic salt crystals. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swadener, JG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; OI Swadener, John G/0000-0001-5493-3461 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP 2 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 5 BP 343 EP 348 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00156-2 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00156-2 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 591QT UT WOS:000177892300010 ER PT J AU Candy, JV AF Candy, JV TI Sequential model-based detection in a shallow ocean acoustic environment SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics (ECUA 2002) CY JUN 24-27, 2002 CL GDANSK, POLAND AB A model-based detection scheme is developed to passively monitor an ocean acoustic environment along with its associated variations. The technique employs an embedded model-based processor and a reference model in a sequential likelihood detection scheme. The monitor is therefore called a sequential reference detector. The underlying theory for the design is developed and discussed in detail. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Candy, JV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-156, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1436-7947 J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC JI Acta Acust. United Acust. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 88 IS 5 BP 663 EP 665 PG 3 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 610LT UT WOS:000178962100015 ER PT J AU Hedgepeth, JB Johnson, GE Skalski, JR Burczynski, J AF Hedgepeth, JB Johnson, GE Skalski, JR Burczynski, J TI Active fish tracking sonar (AFTS) for assessing fish behaviour SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics (ECUA 2002) CY JUN 24-27, 2002 CL GDANSK, POLAND AB Active fish tracking sonars (AFTS) were used in 2001 to study fish movement in response to intake occlusion plates at The Dalles Dam on the Columbia River. AFTS provides three-dimensional fish tracks by aligning the axis of a split-beam transducer with a fish target. High-speed stepper motors move the transducer so that a tracked target remains on-axis. Occlusion plates with lateral extensions covered the top half of the turbine intakes to produce a fish friendly near-dam environment. Two AFTS were positioned at the center of Main Unit 1, one each for monitoring installed and removed plate conditions. A regression analysis showed that occlusion plates had pronounced effects on fish movement along the dam. The plates appeared to inhibit movement toward the spillway, movement toward the dam (especially in front of the turbine intake), and movement downward toward the turbines. Fish fate (as opposed to movement directions from regression slopes) into particular areas was determined using Markov-chain analysis. The sluiceway (a safer passage route above the turbine intake) zone of influence was larger with the occlusion plates installed, contrary to the regression results. In addition, the probability of passage out the near turbine and bottom sides of the sample volume was about 50% lower with occlusion plates installed. C1 TENERA Environm, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Div, Battle Ground, WA 98604 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. BioSon Inc, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. RP Hedgepeth, JB (reprint author), TENERA Environm, 225 Prado Rd Suite D, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1436-7947 J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC JI Acta Acust. United Acust. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 88 IS 5 BP 739 EP 742 PG 4 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 610LT UT WOS:000178962100034 ER PT J AU Zhong, Z Kao, CC Siddons, DP Hastings, JB AF Zhong, Z Kao, CC Siddons, DP Hastings, JB TI Rocking-curve width of sagittally bent Laue crystals SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAYS; PERFECT CRYSTALS; FOCUSING OPTICS; MONOCHROMATORS; RADIATION; REFLECTIVITY; DIFFRACTION AB The use of bent asymmetric Laue crystals to sagittally focus high-energy synchrotron X-rays calls for an understanding of the mechanisms affecting X-ray diffraction by such crystals. The rocking-curve width, a measurable quantity directly related to the distortion of the lattice planes, is the necessary first step towards such an understanding. A model is formulated for assessing the rocking-curve widths of sagittally bent Laue crystals, considering the elastic anisotropy. A method for depth-resolved measurement of the rocking curves was also developed to verify the model. The model successfully explains the wide range of rocking-curve widths of a large number of reflections from silicon crystals with two different orientations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhong, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD SEP PY 2002 VL 58 BP 487 EP 493 DI 10.1107/S0108767302011261 PN 5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 587DB UT WOS:000177624300011 PM 12192122 ER PT J AU Baniecki, ML McGrath, WJ Dauter, Z Mangel, WF AF Baniecki, ML McGrath, WJ Dauter, Z Mangel, WF TI Adenovirus proteinase: crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies to atomic resolution SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID 11-AMINO-ACID COFACTOR; SEROTYPE-2 PROTEINASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEASE; PEPTIDE; SUBSTRATE; BINDING; PAPAIN; DNA AB Adenovirus proteinase (AVP) is required for the synthesis of infectious virus and is a target for antiviral therapy. The enzyme requires two viral cofactors for activation: pVIc, an 11-amino acid peptide, and the viral DNA. The structure of the enzyme in the absence of cofactors has not been observed. Single crystals of AVP were obtained via microseeding using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method with sodium acetate and sodium citrate as precipitants. At the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, the native crystal diffracted to a resolution of 0.98 Angstrom and an isomorphous heavy-atom derivative diffracted to 1.9 Angstrom. Comparison of the structure of AVP with that of the AVP-pVIc complex should reveal the structural basis of activation of the enzyme by pVIc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mangel, WF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI41599] NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 58 BP 1462 EP 1464 DI 10.1107/S0907444902008429 PN 9 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 587DE UT WOS:000177624600010 PM 12198302 ER PT J AU Fuss, J Pierre, VC Tupper, KA AF Fuss, J Pierre, VC Tupper, KA TI Carbonyl(eta(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)-(triflato-O)(triisopropylph osphine-P)ruthenium(II) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES; ACTIVATION; REACTIVITY AB The title complex, [RuCp*(OSO2CF3){P(Pr-i)(3)}(CO)] or [Ru(CF3O3S)(C10H15)(C9H21P)(CO)], consists of an Ru atom coordinated by an inner sphere trifluoromethanesulfonate, a carbonyl, and a triisopropylphosphine in a 'three-legged stool' fashion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pierre, VC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD SEP PY 2002 VL 58 BP M482 EP M483 DI 10.1107/S1600536802013399 PN 9 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 589AW UT WOS:000177736200012 ER PT J AU Carena, M Tait, TTM Wagner, CEM AF Carena, M Tait, TTM Wagner, CEM TI Branes and orbifolds are opaque SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article ID LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; STANDARD MODEL; GRAVITY; UNIFICATION; COUPLINGS; COLLIDERS; FERMIONS; BREAKING; SYMMETRY; SPACE AB We examine localized kinetic terms for gauge fields which can propagate into compact extra dimensions. We find that such terms are generated by radiative corrections in both theories with matter fields confined to branes and in theories imposing orbifold boundary conditions on bulk matter. In both cases, the radiative corrections are logarithmically divergent, indicating that from an effective field theory point of view they cannot be predicted in terms of other parameters, and should be treated as independent leading order parameters of the theory. Specializing to the five dimensional case, we show that these terms may result in gross distortions of the Kaluza-Klein gauge field masses, wave functions, and couplings to brane and bulk matter. The resulting phenomenological implications axe discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 45 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS PI KRAKOW PA UL MICHALOWSKIEGO 9-2, KRAKOW, 31126, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD SEP PY 2002 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2355 EP 2384 PG 30 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 601DM UT WOS:000178431300002 ER PT J AU West, TO Marland, G AF West, TO Marland, G TI A synthesis of carbon sequestration, carbon emissions, and net carbon flux in agriculture: comparing tillage practices in the United States SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture emissions; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; conservation tillage; corn; no-till; soil organic carbon; soybean; wheat ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS; CROP PRODUCTION; SYSTEMS; IMPACTS; MANAGEMENT; CORN; CO2 AB The atmospheric CO2 concentration is increasing, due primarily to fossil-fuel combustion and deforestation. Sequestering atmospheric C in agricultural soils is being advocated as a possibility to partially offset fossil-fuel emissions. Sequestering C in agriculture requires a change in management practices, i.e. efficient use of pesticides, irrigation, and farm machinery. The C emissions associated with a change in practices have not traditionally been incorporated comprehensively into C sequestration analyses. A full C cycle analysis has been completed for agricultural inputs, resulting in estimates of net C flux for three crop types across three tillage intensities. The full C cycle analysis includes estimates of energy use and C emissions for primary fuels, electricity, fertilizers, lime, pesticides, irrigation, seed production, and farm machinery. Total C emissions values were used in conjunction with C sequestration estimates to model net C flux to the atmosphere over time. Based on US average crop inputs, no-till emitted less CO2 from agricultural operations than did conventional tillage, with 137 and 168 kg C ha(-1) per year, respectively. Changing from conventional tillage to no-till is therefore estimated to both enhance C sequestration and decrease CO2 emissions. While the enhanced C sequestration will continue for a finite time, the reduction in net CO2 flux to the atmosphere, caused by the reduced fossil-fuel use, can continue indefinitely, as long as the alternative practice is continued. Estimates of net C flux, which are based on US average inputs, will vary across crop type and different climate regimes. The C coefficients calculated for agricultural inputs can be used to estimate C emissions and net C flux on a site-specific basis. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP West, TO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 1509,MS 6335, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI West, Tristram/C-5699-2013 OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125 NR 55 TC 421 Z9 538 U1 30 U2 230 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 91 IS 1-3 BP 217 EP 232 AR PII S0167-8809(01)00233-X DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00233-X PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 595ME UT WOS:000178112700018 ER PT J AU Rosner, A Miyoshi, K Landesman-Bollag, E Xu, X Seldin, DC Moser, AR MacLeod, CL Shyamala, G Gillgrass, AE Cardiff, RD AF Rosner, A Miyoshi, K Landesman-Bollag, E Xu, X Seldin, DC Moser, AR MacLeod, CL Shyamala, G Gillgrass, AE Cardiff, RD TI Histological differences between ErbB/Ras and wnt pathway transgenic mammary tumors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAIR FOLLICLE MORPHOGENESIS; PROTEIN-KINASE CK2; I CLINICAL-TRIAL; BREAST-CANCER; GROWTH-FACTOR; BETA-CATENIN; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MOUSE MODEL; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; ACTIVATING MUTATIONS AB To study phenotype-genotype correlations, ErbB/Ras pathway tumors (transgenic for ErbB2, c-Neu, mutants of c-Neu, polyomavirus middle T antigene (PyV-mT), Ras, and bi-transgenic for ErbB2/Neu with ErbB3 and with progesterone receptor) from four different institutions were histopathologically compared with Wnt pathway tumors [transgenes Wnt1, Wnt10b, dominant-negative glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, beta-Catenin, and spontaneous mutants of adenomatous polyposis coli gene (Apc)]. ErbB/Ras pathway tumors tend to form solid nodules consisting of poorly differentiated cells with abundant cytoplasm. ErbB/Ras pathway tumors also have scanty stroma and lack myoepithelial or squamous differentiation. In contrast, Wnt pathway tumors exhibit myoepithelial, acinar, or glandular differentiation, and, frequently, combinations of these. Squamous metaplasia is frequent and may include transdifferentiation to epidermal and pilar structures. Most Wnt pathway tumors form caricatures of elongated, branched ductules, and have well-developed stroma, inflammatory infiltrates, and pushing margins. Tumors transgenic for interacting genes such as protein kinase CK2alpha (casein kinase II), and the fibroblast growth factors (Fgf) Int2/Fgf3 or keratinocyte growth factor (Kgf/Fgf7) also have the Wnt pathway phenotype. Because the tumors from the ErbB/Ras and the Wnt pathway are so distinct and can be readily identified using routine hematoxylin and eosin sections, we suggest that pathway pathology is applicable in both basic and clinical cancer research. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NIDDKD, Lab Genet & Physiol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Tokushima, Sch Dent, Dept Biochem, Tokushima 770, Japan. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Human Oncol, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Ctr Canc, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Med Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. RP Cardiff, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Comparat Med, Cty Rd 98 & Hutchinson Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA095616, CA64843, CA665401, CA81376]; NCRR NIH HHS [U42 RR014905, U42 RR14905]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11624, P01 ES011624] NR 71 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 161 IS 3 BP 1087 EP 1097 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64269-1 PG 11 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 591BJ UT WOS:000177859600038 PM 12213737 ER PT J AU Jackson, JD AF Jackson, JD TI From Lorenz to Coulomb and other explicit gauge transformations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODYNAMICS AB The main purposes of this paper are (i) to illustrate explicitly by a number of examples the gauge functions chi(x,t) whose spatial and temporal derivatives transform one set of electromagnetic potentials into another equivalent set; and (ii) to show that, whatever propagation or nonpropagation characteristics are exhibited by the potentials in a particular gauge, the electric and magnetic fields are always the same and display the experimentally verified properties of causality and propagation. at the speed of light. The example of the transformation from the Lorenz gauge (retarded solutions for both scalar and vector potential) to the Coulomb gauge (instantaneous, action-at-a-distance, scalar potential) is treated in detail. A transparent expression is obtained for the vector potential in the Coulomb gauge, with a finite nonlocality in time replacing the expected spatial nonlocality of the transverse current. A class of gauges (v-gauge) is described in which the scalar potential propagates at an arbitrary speed v relative to the speed of light. The Lorenz and Coulomb. gauges are special cases of the v-gauge. The last examples of gauges and explicit gauge transformation functions are the Hamiltonian or temporal gauge, the nonrelativistic Poincare or multipolar gauge, and the relativistic Fock-Schwinger gauge. (C) 2002 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jackson, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 70 IS 9 BP 917 EP 928 DI 10.1119/1.1491265 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 587TQ UT WOS:000177659500007 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Kreiss, K Levin, H Alexander, D Cain, WS Girman, JR Hines, CJ Jensen, PA Milton, DK Rexroat, LP Wallingford, KM AF Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Kreiss, K Levin, H Alexander, D Cain, WS Girman, JR Hines, CJ Jensen, PA Milton, DK Rexroat, LP Wallingford, KM TI Improving the health of workers in indoor environments: Priority research needs for a national occupational research agenda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SICK-BUILDING-SYNDROME; AIR EXCHANGE-RATE; OFFICE BUILDINGS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASES; RHINOVIRUS COLDS; VENTILATION; RISK; TRANSMISSION; ASTHMA; INFECTIONS AB Indoor nonindustrial work environments were designated a priority research area through the nationwide stakeholder process that created the National Occupational Research Agenda. A multidisciplinary research team used member consensus and quantitative estimates, with extensive external review, to develop a specific research agenda. The team outlined the following priority research topics: building-influenced communicable respiratory infections, building-related asthma/allergic diseases, and nonspecific building-related symptoms; indoor environmental science; and methods for increasing implementation of healthful building practices. Available data suggest that improving building environments may result in health benefits for more than 15 million of the 89 million US indoor workers, with estimated economic benefits of $5 to $75 billion annually. Research on these topics, requiring new collaborations and resources, offers enormous potential health and economic returns. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. Bldg Ecol Res Grp, San Diego, CA USA. Amer Federat Teachers, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Surg, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Indoor Environm Div, Washington, DC USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. US Gen Serv Adm, Publ Bldg Serv, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Milton, Donald/G-3286-2010 OI Milton, Donald/0000-0002-0550-7834 NR 73 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2002 VL 92 IS 9 BP 1430 EP 1440 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.9.1430 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 587UM UT WOS:000177661900016 PM 12197969 ER PT J AU Dahlgran, J AF Dahlgran, J TI Dilution of volatile organic compounds with light oils for solvent encapsulation to create VOCs in soil performance evaluation standards SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Radiol & Environm Sci Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Dahlgran, J (reprint author), US DOE, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Radiol & Environm Sci Lab, 850 Energy Dr,MS 4149, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 34 IS 19 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 597BV UT WOS:000178203000004 ER PT J AU Jackson, BP Allen, PLS Hopkins, WA Bertsch, PM AF Jackson, BP Allen, PLS Hopkins, WA Bertsch, PM TI Trace element speciation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from a fly ash settling basin by liquid chromatography-ICP-MS SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SEC-ICP-MS; metallothionein; selenium; fish tissue ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLUBLE SELENIUM-COMPOUNDS; METALLOTHIONEIN-LIKE; COMBUSTION RESIDUES; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SELENOPROTEIN-P; OYSTER TISSUE; FISH AB Analytical techniques used to examine the chemical speciation of multiple trace elements are important for the investigation of biological systems. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to ICP-MS was used to investigate the speciation of Se, As, Cu, Cd and Zn in tissue extracts from a largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) collected from a coal fly ash basin and results were compared to a largemouth bass collected at a reference site. Using a Biosil SEC column, with an effective separation range of 100-7 KDa, Cu, Zn and Cd were shown to be bound to metallothionein (MT) in the liver, gill and, to a lesser extent, gonad tissue extract. In liver, muscle and gill of the ash basin bass, Se was predominantly present as low molecular weight species. Only in the gonad extract was the major fraction of Se associated with high molecular weight species. For the liver and gill extracts, further SEC-ICP-MS on a column with an effective separation range of 7000-500 Da was performed, but Se species still eluted near the total volume of the column suggesting a low molecular weight organic or inorganic species. Ion chromatography (IC)-ICP-MS using an AS7 column and HNO3 gradient elution indicated that the Se and As species in the liver and gill extracts had similar retention times but these retention times did not correspond to retention times for As(III), As(V), dimethylarsenate, arsenobetaine, Se(IV), Se(VI), seleno-methionine, or selenocystine. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Jackson, BP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 374 IS 2 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s00216-002-1337-4 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 600YD UT WOS:000178418600005 PM 12324838 ER PT J AU Schaaff, TG McMahon, JM Todd, PJ AF Schaaff, TG McMahon, JM Todd, PJ TI Semiautomated analytical image correlation SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROBE AB Machine vision refers to computer programs consisting of a collection of pattern recognition and digital image processing algorithms (Fabel, G. Motion Control 2000, 53-54). Aversion of machine vision has been applied to correlating digital images generated by optical microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). By suitable application of image processing algorithms, semiautomated correlation between optical and secondary ion images is possible. For correlation of minor constituents evident in secondary ion images but invisible in optical images, correlation is performed by reference to the relative position of minor to major constituents. Precise coordinates of features apparent in one analytical image can be translated into the corresponding coordinates of an analytical image obtained by a different method. In principle, this capability yields a semiautomated system to combine complementary features of disparate imaging methods, such as secondary ion and optical microscopy. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Todd, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Bldg 5510-MS-6365, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 17 BP 4361 EP 4369 DI 10.1021/ac025693b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 591CU UT WOS:000177862800012 PM 12236343 ER PT J AU Zheng, JJ Yeung, ES AF Zheng, JJ Yeung, ES TI Anomalous radial migration of single DNA molecules in capillary electrophoresis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LINEAR SHEAR FLOWS; ELONGATIONAL FLOW; SMALL SPHERE; DYNAMICS; FIELD; LIFT; DEFORMATION; FLUID AB We report the unexpected radial migration of DNA molecules in capillary electrophoresis (CE) with applied Poiseuille flow. Such movement can contribute to anomalous migration times, peak dispersion, and size and shape selectivity in CE. When Poiseuille flow is applied from the cathode to the anode, DNA molecules move toward the center of the capillary, forming a narrow, highly concentrated zone. Conversely, when the flow is applied from the anode to the cathode, DNA molecules move toward the walls, leaving a DNA-depleted zone around the axis. We showed that the deformation and orientation of DNA molecules under Poiseuille flow was responsible for the radial migration. By analyzing the forces acting on the deformed and oriented DNA molecules, we derived an expression for the radial lift force, which explained our results very well under different conditions with Poiseuille flow only, electrophoresis only, and the combination of Poiseuille flow and electrophoresis. Factors governing the direction and velocity of radial migration were elucidated. Potential applications of this phenomenon include an alternative to sheath flow in flow cytometry, improving precision and reliability of single-molecule detection, reduction of wall adsorption, and size separation with a mechanism akin to field-flow fractionation. On the negative side, nonuniform electroosmotic flow along the capillary or microfluidic channel is common in CE, and radial migration of certain analytes cannot be neglected. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 38 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 17 BP 4536 EP 4547 DI 10.1021/ac0257344 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 591CU UT WOS:000177862800035 PM 12236367 ER PT J AU Eriksson, M Cahalan, JE AF Eriksson, M Cahalan, JE TI Inherent shutdown capabilities in accelerator-driven systems SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB The applicability for inherent shutdown mechanisms in accelerator-driven systems (ADS) has been investigated. We study the role of reactivity feedbacks. The benefits, in terms of dynamics performance, for enhancing the Doppler effect are examined. Given the performance characteristics of source-driven systems, it is necessary to manage the neutron source in order to achieve inherent shutdown. The shutdown system must be capable of halting the external source before excessive temperatures are obtained. We evaluate methods, based on the analysis of unprotected accidents, to accomplish such means. Pre-concepted designs for self-actuated shutdown of the external source suggested. We investigate time responses and evaluate methods to improve the performance of the safety system. It is shown that maximum beam output must be limited by fundamental means in order to protect against accident initiators that appear to be achievable in source driven systems. Utilizing an appropriate burnup control strategy plays a key role in that effort. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm Ctr Phys Astron & Biotechnol, Dept Nucl & Reactor Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Eriksson, M (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm Ctr Phys Astron & Biotechnol, Dept Nucl & Reactor Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD SEP PY 2002 VL 29 IS 14 BP 1689 EP 1706 AR PII S0306-4549(01)00129-3 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(01)00129-3 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 558RZ UT WOS:000175981500005 ER PT J AU Korenevsky, AA Vinogradov, E Gorby, Y Beveridge, TJ AF Korenevsky, AA Vinogradov, E Gorby, Y Beveridge, TJ TI Characterization of the lipopolysaccharides and capsules of Shewanella spp. SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; OUTER-MEMBRANE; FREEZE-SUBSTITUTION; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; CELL-WALLS; SURFACE; ADHESION AB Electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with silver staining and H-1, C-13, and P-31-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to detect and characterize the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of several Shewanella species. Many expressed only rough LPS; however, approximately one-half produced smooth LPS (and/or capsular polysaccharides). Some LPSs were affected by growth temperature with increased chain length observed below 25degreesC. Maximum LPS heterogeneity was found at 15 to 20degreesC. Thin sections of freeze-substituted cells revealed that Shewanella oneidensis, S. algae, S. frigidimarina, and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4 possessed either O-side chains or capsular fringes ranging from 20 to 130 nm in thickness depending on the species. NMR detected unusual sugars in S. putrefaciens CN32 and S. algae BrYDL. It is possible that the ability of Shewanella to adhere to solid mineral phases (such as iron oxides) could be affected by the composition and length of surface polysaccharide polymers. These same polymers in S. algae may also contribute to this opportunistic pathogen's ability to promote infection. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Microbiol, CBS, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Biol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Beveridge, TJ (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Microbiol, CBS, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 49 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 68 IS 9 BP 4653 EP 4657 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.9.4653-4657.2002 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 588TX UT WOS:000177718000066 PM 12200327 ER PT J AU Sokhansanj, S Turhollow, AR AF Sokhansanj, S Turhollow, AR TI Baseline cost for corn stover collection SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE economics; harvest; transport; round bale; rectangular bale; biomass; feedstock; custom rates AB From consultations with three experienced farmer-custom operators, two systems were selected for the development of baseline costs for collecting corn stover residue as bales. One system consisted of a combination of shredding-windrowing operations followed by round baling. The other system consisted of separate shredding and windrowing (raking) operations followed by large rectangular baling. Round bales were collected using a pull-type round bale transporter equipped with a loading arm and stacked in storage using a telescopic loader Rectangular bales were collected using a self-propelled stacker wagon that stacked the bales automatically. An average distance between the farm and storage of 8 km (5 miles) was assumed The calculated cost for all operations up to and including stacking in a covered storage was $21.60/dry Mg ($19.70/ dry ton) and $23.60/dry Mg ($21.40/dry ton) for the round baling system and for the rectangular baling system, respectively. The cost included wages but did not include any additional payment to the farmer The cost difference between the two systems was due, to the additional raking operation and higher capital cost of equipment for rectangular baling and transport and smaller load for the rectangular bale transport. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Programs, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokhansanj, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Programs, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 525 EP 530 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 631DK UT WOS:000180152000002 ER PT J AU Regnier, P O'Kane, JP Steefel, CI Vanderborght, P AF Regnier, P O'Kane, JP Steefel, CI Vanderborght, P TI Modeling complex multi-component reactive-transport systems: towards a simulation environment based on the concept of a Knowledge Base SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; reactions (chemistry); mass transport; numerical models; Knowledge Base; automated differentiation ID ESTUARIES; FLUXES AB A modelling framework within which transport processes in the hydrosphere can be described and interfaced with relevant biogeochemical reactions is presented. Three key elements of this simulation environment are discussed: (1) a numerical engine for solving sets of coupled non-linear process equations; (2) an automated procedure for model code generation ('Automatic Code Generator'); (3) a Web-distributed Knowledge Base (KB) of processes. The Automatic Code Generator translates the information selected in the KB into computer algorithms using the principles defined in the numerical engine. The code CONTRASTE is a first attempt at developing such a modelling framework. It allows one to easily select, adapt and combine a specific set of biogeochemical processes relevant to a user-defined application. The workings of CONTRASTE are described by means of examples which demonstrate how the various components of the simulation environment are coupled and automated. Prospects for future developments towards a fully automated model generation procedure are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utrecht, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cork, Ireland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Lab Chem Oceanog & Water Geochem, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Regnier, P (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, POB 80021, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 26 IS 9 BP 913 EP 927 AR PII S0307-904X(02)00047-1 DI 10.1016/S0307-904X(02)00047-1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 597BA UT WOS:000178201100004 ER PT J AU Kulp, TJ Bisson, SE Bambha, RP Reichardt, TA Goers, UB Aniolek, KW Kliner, DAV Richman, BA Armstrong, KM Sommers, R Schmitt, R Powers, PE Levi, O Pinguet, T Fejer, M Koplow, JP Goldberg, L Mcrae, TG AF Kulp, TJ Bisson, SE Bambha, RP Reichardt, TA Goers, UB Aniolek, KW Kliner, DAV Richman, BA Armstrong, KM Sommers, R Schmitt, R Powers, PE Levi, O Pinguet, T Fejer, M Koplow, JP Goldberg, L Mcrae, TG TI The application of quasi-phase-matched parametric light sources to practical infrared chemical sensing systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; DIODE-LASER; SINGLE-FREQUENCY; REPETITION-RATE; OSCILLATOR; AMPLIFIER AB Quasi-phase-matched (QPM) materials allow the generation of spectroscopically useful infrared radiation in an efficient and broadly tunable format. Here, we describe several applications of. QPM-based light sources to remote and local chemical sensing. The remote systems are gas imagers that employ a fiber-pumped continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator or a microlaser-pumped, diode-seeded optical parametric amplifier as the illumination source. Technology described for local sensing includes a cavity ring down spectrometer. that employs a novel optical parametric generator-amplifier to achieve greater than or equal to 350 cm(-1) of contiguous tuning and a long-wave infrared light source based on QPM GaAs. In each case the use of QPM materials in conjunction with effective pump sources instills simplicity and ruggedness into the sensing systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Stanford Univ, El Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Laser Imaging Syst, Punta Gorda, FL 33983 USA. RP Kulp, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2-3 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s00340-002-0978-5 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 609PJ UT WOS:000178913900021 ER PT J AU Van Herpen, MMJW Li, S Bisson, SE Hekkert, ST Harren, FJM AF Van Herpen, MMJW Li, S Bisson, SE Hekkert, ST Harren, FJM TI Tuning and stability of a continuous-wave mid-infrared high-power single resonant optical parametric oscillator SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; TRACE-GAS-DETECTION; DIODE-LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; ACETALDEHYDE; ABSORPTION; ETHYLENE AB A 2.2-W continuous-wave, continuously tunable, single-frequency OPO has been developed in the 3.0-3.8 mum wavelength range for the detection of molecular trace gasses The oscillation threshold, output power and stability of the single resonant OPO were improved by optimizing pump beam waist and OPO cavity length. Both air-spaced and solid etalons were tested to frequency stabilize and tune the OPO, from which the solid etalon gave a better performance. Temperature oscillations in the PPLN crystal caused oscillations in the idler wavelength of less than 200 MHz over 300 s; the short-term stability was less than 3 MHz over I s. The high laser power, in combination with photoacoustic spectroscopy, achieved a detection limit of 10 parts-per-trillion for ethane in nitrogen. C1 Univ Nijmegen, Dept Mol & Laser Phys, Life Sci Trace Gas Facil, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. Dalian Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Dalian, Peoples R China. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Van Herpen, MMJW (reprint author), Univ Nijmegen, Dept Mol & Laser Phys, Life Sci Trace Gas Facil, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. RI Harren, Frans/A-1729-2010 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2-3 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s00340-002-0989-2 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 609PJ UT WOS:000178913900022 ER PT J AU Disselkamp, RS Kelly, JF Sams, RL Anderson, GA AF Disselkamp, RS Kelly, JF Sams, RL Anderson, GA TI Signal-to-noise enhancement techniques for quantum cascade absorption spectrometers employing optimal filtering and other approaches SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS; SPECTROSCOPY; MODULATION AB Optical feedback to the laser source in tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) is known to create intensity modulation noise due to elatoning and optical feedback (i.e. multiplicative technical noise) that usually limits spectral signal-to-noise (S/N). The large technical noise often limits absorption spectroscopy to noise floors 100-fold greater than the Poisson shot noise limit due to fluctuations in the laser intensity. The high output powers generated from quantum cascade (QC) lasers, along with their high gain, makes these injection laser systems especially susceptible to technical noise. In this article we discuss a method of using optimal filtering to reduce technical noise. We have observed S/N enhancements ranging from similar to20% to a factor of similar to50. The degree to which optimal filtering enhances S/N depends on the similarity between the Fourier components of the technical noise and those of the signal, with lower S/N enhancements observed for more similar Fourier decompositions of the signal and technical noise. We also examine the linearity of optimal filtered spectra in both time and intensity. This was accomplished by creating a synthetic spectrum for the species being studied (CH4, N2O, CO2 and H2O in ambient air) utilizing line positions and linewidths with an assumed Voigt profile from a commercial database (HlTRAN). Agreement better than 0.036% in wavenumber and 1.64% in intensity (up to a 260-fold intensity ratio employed) was observed. Our results suggest that rapid ex post facto digital optimal filtering can be used to enhance S/N for routine trace gas detection. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Disselkamp, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.disselkamp@pnl.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2-3 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s00340-002-0944-2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 609PJ UT WOS:000178913900026 ER PT J AU Margon, B Anderson, SF Harris, HC Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Fan, XH Schneider, DP Berk, DEV Schlegel, DJ Deutsch, EW Ivezic, Z Hall, PB Williams, BF Davidsen, AF Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hayes, JJE Hennessy, G Kinney, EK Kleinman, SJ Lamb, DQ Long, D Neilsen, EH Nichol, R Nitta, A Snedden, SA York, DG AF Margon, B Anderson, SF Harris, HC Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Fan, XH Schneider, DP Berk, DEV Schlegel, DJ Deutsch, EW Ivezic, Z Hall, PB Williams, BF Davidsen, AF Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Hayes, JJE Hennessy, G Kinney, EK Kleinman, SJ Lamb, DQ Long, D Neilsen, EH Nichol, R Nitta, A Snedden, SA York, DG TI Faint high-latitude carbon stars discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Methods and initial results SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; stars : carbon; stars : statistics; surveys ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; HIGH GALACTIC LATITUDE; EARLY DATA RELEASE; APM SURVEY; MILKY-WAY; DRACO; HALO; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM; SEARCH AB We report the discovery of 39 faint high-latitude carbon stars (FHLCs) from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) commissioning data. The objects, each selected photometrically and verified spectroscopically, range over 16.6 < r* < 20.0 and show a diversity of temperatures as judged by both colors and NaD line strengths. Although a handful of these stars were previously known, these objects are, in general, too faint and too warm to be effectively identified in other modern surveys such as the Two Micron All Sky Survey, nor are their red/near-IR colors particularly distinctive. The implied surface density of FHLCs in this magnitude range is uncertain at this preliminary stage of the survey because of completeness corrections but is clearly greater than 0.05 deg(-2). At the completion of the Sloan survey, there will be many hundred homogeneously selected and observed FHLCs in this sample. We present proper-motion measures for each object, indicating that the sample is a mixture of extremely distant (greater than 100 kpc) halo giant stars, useful for constraining halo dynamics, and members of the recently recognized exotic class of very nearby dwarf carbon (dC) stars. The broadband colors of the two populations are indistinguishable. Motions, and thus dC classification, are inferred for 40%-50% of the sample, depending on the level of statistical significance invoked. The new list of dC stars presented here, although selected from only a small fraction of the final SDSS, doubles the number of such objects found by all previous methods. The observed kinematics suggest that the dwarfs occupy distinct halo and disk populations. The coolest FHLCs with detectable proper motions in our sample also display multiple CaH bands in their spectra. It may be that CaH is another long-sought, low-resolution, spectroscopic luminosity discriminant between dC's and distant faint giants, at least for the cooler stars. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RP Margon, B (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 76 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1651 EP 1669 DI 10.1086/342284 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586ND UT WOS:000177589300027 ER PT J AU Ransom, SM Eikenberry, SS Middleditch, J AF Ransom, SM Eikenberry, SS Middleditch, J TI Fourier techniques for very long astrophysical time-series analysis SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; pulsars : general ID X-RAY BINARIES; POWER SPECTRA; MILLISECOND PULSATIONS; PULSARS; SEARCHES AB We present an assortment of both standard and advanced Fourier techniques that are useful in the analysis of astrophysical time series of very long duration-where the observation time is much greater than the time resolution of the individual data points. We begin by reviewing the operational characteristics of Fourier transforms of time-series data, including power-spectral statistics, discussing some of the differences between analyses of binned data, sampled data, and event data, and we briefly discuss algorithms for calculating discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) of very long time series. We then discuss the response of DFTs to periodic signals and present techniques to recover Fourier amplitude "lost" during simple traditional analyses if the periodicities change frequency during the observation. These techniques include Fourier interpolation, which allows us to correct the response for signals that occur between Fourier frequency bins. We then present techniques for estimating additional signal properties such as the signal's centroid and duration in time, the first and second derivatives of the frequency, the pulsed fraction, and an overall estimate of the significance of a detection. Finally, we present a recipe for a basic but thorough Fourier analysis of a time series for well-behaved pulsations. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ransom, SM (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. OI Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714 NR 29 TC 124 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1788 EP 1809 DI 10.1086/342285 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586ND UT WOS:000177589300036 ER PT J AU Strauss, MA Weinberg, DH Lupton, RH Narayanan, VK Annis, J Bernardi, M Blanton, M Burles, S Connolly, AJ Dalcanton, J Doi, M Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Kron, RG Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Okamura, S Quinn, TR Richmond, MW Schlegel, DJ Shimasaku, K SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Yanny, B Yasuda, N York, DG Zehavi, I AF Strauss, MA Weinberg, DH Lupton, RH Narayanan, VK Annis, J Bernardi, M Blanton, M Burles, S Connolly, AJ Dalcanton, J Doi, M Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Ivezic, Z Kent, S Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Kron, RG Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Okamura, S Quinn, TR Richmond, MW Schlegel, DJ Shimasaku, K SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Yanny, B Yasuda, N York, DG Zehavi, I TI Spectroscopic target selection in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The main galaxy sample SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : photometry; surveys ID SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; NUMBER; 2DF AB We describe the algorithm that selects the main sample of galaxies for spectroscopy in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) from the photometric data obtained by the imaging survey. Galaxy photometric properties are measured using the Petrosian magnitude system, which measures flux in apertures determined by the shape of the surface brightness profile. The metric aperture used is essentially independent of cosmological surface brightness dimming, foreground extinction, sky brightness, and the galaxy central surface brightness. The main galaxy sample consists of galaxies with r-band Petrosian magnitudes r less than or equal to 17.77 and r-band Petrosian half-light surface brightnesses mu(50) less than or equal to 24.5 mag arcsec(-2). These cuts select about 90 galaxy targets per square degree, with a median redshift of 0.104. We carry out a number of tests to show that (1) our star-galaxy separation criterion is effective at eliminating nearly all stellar contamination while removing almost no genuine galaxies, (2) the fraction of galaxies eliminated by our surface brightness cut is very small (similar to0.1%), (3) the completeness of the sample is high, exceeding 99%, and (4) the reproducibility of target selection based on repeated imaging scans is consistent with the expected random photometric errors. The main cause of incompleteness is blending with saturated stars, which becomes more significant for brighter, larger galaxies. The SDSS spectra are of high enough signal-to-noise ratio (S/N > 4 per pixel) that essentially all targeted galaxies (99.9%) yield a reliable redshift (i.e., with statistical error less than 30 km s(-1)). About 6% of galaxies that satisfy the selection criteria are not observed because they have a companion closer than the 55" minimum separation of spectroscopic fibers, but these galaxies can be accounted for in statistical analyses of clustering or galaxy properties. The uniformity and completeness of the galaxy sample make it ideal for studies of large-scale structure and the characteristics of the galaxy population in the local universe. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Astron Inst, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810033, Japan. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1810033, Japan. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Strauss, MA (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011 NR 42 TC 1168 Z9 1177 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1810 EP 1824 DI 10.1086/342343 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586ND UT WOS:000177589300037 ER PT J AU Sakelliou, I Peterson, JR Tamura, T Paerels, FBS Kaastra, JS Belsole, E Bohringer, H Branduardi-Raymont, G Ferrigno, C den Herder, JW Kennea, J Mushotzky, RF Vestrand, WT Worrall, DM AF Sakelliou, I Peterson, JR Tamura, T Paerels, FBS Kaastra, JS Belsole, E Bohringer, H Branduardi-Raymont, G Ferrigno, C den Herder, JW Kennea, J Mushotzky, RF Vestrand, WT Worrall, DM TI High resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy of M 87 with the reflection grating spectrometers on XMM-Newton SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : clusters : individual : virgo; galaxies : individual : M 87; galaxies : cooling flows; galaxies : abundances; X-rays : galaxies ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; COOLING FLOWS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; VIRGO CLUSTER; HOT GAS; M87; HALO; ABUNDANCES; METALLICITY; MULTIPHASE AB We present high-resolution X-ray spectroscopic observations of M 87 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometers on XMM-Newton. We detect strong K-shell line emission from N, O, Ne, Mg, some emission from He-like Si, a fully resolved set of Fe L-shell emission spectra, and some emission from C. The angular intensity distributions of the strong emission lines are detectably resolved on scales (15-160)". The gas in the inner arcmin of M 87 has a multi-phase structure, as indicated by the similarity of the emission line profiles of Fe L shell ions with widely separated ionization potentials. The global Fe L spectrum is approximately consistent with an isothermal plasma at kT(e) similar to 1.8 keV, in addition to a component with a temperature distribution appropriate to an isobaric cooling flow, but with a minimum temperature cutoff of kT(min) approximate to 600 eV. The behaviour of this cooling-flow component is qualitatively similar to what is seen in other cooling flow clusters. Finally, we do not find any strong evidence for a spatial variation in abundances due to resonance scattering redistribution in the inner arcminute of the core. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM irini@star.sr.bham.ac.uk RI Ferrigno, Carlo/H-4139-2012; Tamura, Takayuki/K-8236-2012 NR 41 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 391 IS 3 BP 903 EP 909 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020900 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586NR UT WOS:000177590500010 ER PT J AU Rauscher, T Heger, A Hoffman, RD Woosley, SE AF Rauscher, T Heger, A Hoffman, RD Woosley, SE TI Nucleosynthesis in massive stars with improved nuclear and stellar physics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances stars : evolution; supernovae : general ID THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; WEAK-INTERACTION RATES; C-12(ALPHA,GAMMA)O-16 REACTION-RATE; STATISTICAL-MODEL CALCULATIONS; ASTROPHYSICAL REACTION-RATES; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; M-CIRCLE-DOT; CROSS-SECTIONS; P-PROCESS; R-PROCESS AB We present the first calculations to follow the evolution of all stable nuclei and their radioactive progenitors in stellar models computed from the onset of central hydrogen burning through explosion as Type II supernovae. Calculations are performed for Population I stars of 15, 19, 20, 21, and 25 M-circle dot using the most recently available experimental and theoretical nuclear data, revised opacity tables, neutrino losses, and weak interaction rates and taking into account mass loss due to stellar winds. A novel "adaptive" reaction network is employed with a variable number of nuclei ( adjusted each time step) ranging from similar to700 on the main sequence to greater than or similar to2200 during the explosion. The network includes, at any given time, all relevant isotopes from hydrogen through polonium (Z = 84). Even the limited grid of stellar masses studied suggests that overall good agreement can be achieved with the solar abundances of nuclei between O-16 and Zr-90. Interesting discrepancies are seen in the 20 M-circle dot model and ( so far, only in that model) are a consequence of the merging of the oxygen, neon, and carbon shells about a day prior to core collapse. We find that, in some stars, most of the "p-process" nuclei can be produced in the convective oxygen-burning shell moments prior to collapse; in others, they are made only in the explosion. Serious deficiencies still exist in all cases for the p-process isotopes of Ru and Mo. C1 Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nucl Theory & Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rauscher, T (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RI Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009 OI Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642 NR 93 TC 567 Z9 569 U1 3 U2 36 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 576 IS 1 BP 323 EP 348 DI 10.1086/341728 PN 1 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 586NB UT WOS:000177589100029 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ AF Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ TI Role of dopamine in drug reinforcement and addiction in humans: results from imaging studies SO BEHAVIOURAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PET; orbitofrontal cortex; cingulate gyrus; dopamine transporters; dopamine D-2 receptors; reward; predisposition; FDG; human ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; HUMAN BRAIN; METHAMPHETAMINE ABUSERS; INTRAVENOUS METHYLPHENIDATE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RECEPTOR-BINDING; CAUDATE-PUTAMEN; COCAINE ABUSERS; D2 RECEPTORS AB The involvement of dopamine (DA) in drug reinforcement is well established, but much less in known about its contribution to addiction. We have used positron emission tomography to investigate in humans the role of DA in drug reinforcement, addiction and drug vulnerability. We have shown that during drug intoxication increases in striatal DA are associated with the drug's reinforcing effects only if the DA changes occur rapidly. These results corroborate the relevance of drug-induced DA increases and of pharmacokinetics in the rewarding effects of drugs in humans. During withdrawal, we have shown significant reductions in DA D-2 receptors and in DA release in drug abusers, which is likely to result in decreased sensitivity to non-drugrelated reinforcing stimuli. The DA D-2 reductions were associated with decreased activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, which we postulate is one of the mechanisms underlying compulsive drug administration in the addict. In fact, during craving the orbitofrontal cortex becomes hyperactive in proportion to the desire for the drug. In non-drug-abusing subjects striatal DA D-2 receptors levels predicted the reinforcing responses to stimulant drugs, providing evidence that striatal DA D-2 receptors modulate reinforcing responses to stimulants in humans and may contribute to the predisposition for drug self-administration (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA 09481]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA 09490, DA 06278, DA 06891] NR 60 TC 197 Z9 203 U1 10 U2 18 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0955-8810 J9 BEHAV PHARMACOL JI Behav. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 355 EP 366 PG 12 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 608CU UT WOS:000178828200006 PM 12394411 ER PT J AU Matthews, DB Hamre, KM Mittleman, G Wilkinson, S Rinchik, G Goldowitz, D AF Matthews, DB Hamre, KM Mittleman, G Wilkinson, S Rinchik, G Goldowitz, D TI High-throughput screen to identify aberrant phenotypes to ethanol or cocaine exposure from ENU-mutagenized mice SO BEHAVIOURAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0955-8810 J9 BEHAV PHARMACOL JI Behav. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 493 EP 493 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 608CU UT WOS:000178828200060 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ AF Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ TI Drug reinforcement and addiction in humans: Results from imaging studies SO BEHAVIOURAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0955-8810 J9 BEHAV PHARMACOL JI Behav. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 508 EP 508 PG 1 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 608CU UT WOS:000178828200094 ER PT J AU Teplova, M Wilds, CJ Wawrzak, Z Tereshko, V Du, Q Carrasco, N Huang, Z Egli, M AF Teplova, M Wilds, CJ Wawrzak, Z Tereshko, V Du, Q Carrasco, N Huang, Z Egli, M TI Covalent incorporation of selenium into oligonucleotides for X-ray crystal structure determination via MAD: proof of principle SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE anomalous dispersion; DNA; MAD phasing; nucleic acids; RNA; selenium labeling; X-ray crystallography ID DNA-RNA DUPLEXES; ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; MINOR-GROOVE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PROTEINS; ANALOGS AB Selenium was incorporated into an oligodeoxynucleotide in the form of 2'-methylseleno-uridine (U-Se). The X-ray crystal structure of the duplex [d(GCGTA)U(Se)d(ACGC)](2) was determined by the multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) technique and refined to a resolution of 1.3 Angstrom, demonstrating that selenium can selectively substitute oxygen in DNA and that the resulting compounds are chemically stable. Since derivatization at the 2'-alpha-position with selenium does not affect the preference of the sugar for the C3'-endo conformation, this strategy is suitable for incorporating selenium into RNA. The availability of selenium-containing nucleic acids for crystallographic phasing offers an attractive alternative to the commonly used halogenated pyrimidines. (C) 2002 Societe francaise de biochimie et biologic moleculaire/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, DND CAT Synchrotron Res Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Chem, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, Program Biochem & Chem, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. RP Egli, M (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Wilds, Christopher/K-4012-2013 OI Wilds, Christopher/0000-0002-0336-4753 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-55237] NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD SEP PY 2002 VL 84 IS 9 BP 849 EP 858 AR PII S0300-9084(02)01440-2 DI 10.1016/S0300-9084(02)01440-2 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 626WZ UT WOS:000179898000002 PM 12458077 ER PT J AU Zamora, PO Tsang, R Pena, LA Osaki, S Som, P AF Zamora, PO Tsang, R Pena, LA Osaki, S Som, P TI Local delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) using adsorbed silyl-heparin, benzyl-bis(dimethylsilylmethyl)oxycarbamoyl-heparin SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; FIBRIN GLUE; ASSAY; PROLIFERATION; ANGIOGENESIS; BINDING; MATRIX AB A growth factor delivery system was developed that is based on the use of silyl-heparin, a chemically modified analogue of heparin, The silyl-heparin was adsorbed onto surfaces by hydrophobic interaction via the prosthetic unit and can then be used as a solid-phase adsorbent for bFGF. All the coating steps were performed by adsorption, a process that allowed preparation of surfaces by immersion or "dip-coating". In this study a series of silyl-heparins were synthesized and each of the analogues found to function similar to unmodified heparin relative to their binding of antithrombin III and also the binding of bFGF. The silyl-heparins were found to be adsorbed onto a wide variety of substrates including polystyrene and lactide:glycolide copolymer. Enzyme-linked immumosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to establish that bFGF was readily bound to surface adsorbed silyl-heparin, and that the amount bound was directly related to amount offered for binding. Once adsorbed the silyl-heparin/FGF was able to induce capillary tube formation of endothelial cells and to increase the growth of endothelial cells. When coated onto suture material and implanted in muscle, the FGF/silyl-heparin coating caused an increased density of mesenchymal cells in the area of the implant. This coating method could prove to be useful in a number of tissue engineering applications for the local delivery of FGF and other growth factors. C1 Biosurface Engn Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zamora, PO (reprint author), Biosurface Engn Technol Inc, 387 Technol Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [K01CA76483] NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 920 EP 926 DI 10.1021/bc0155216 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 595NF UT WOS:000178115100002 PM 12236772 ER PT J AU Keles, S van der Laan, M Eisen, MB AF Keles, S van der Laan, M Eisen, MB TI Identification of regulatory elements using a feature selection method SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID EXPECTATION MAXIMIZATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; CELL-CYCLE; SITES; VALIDATION; SEQUENCES; GENES; DNA AB Motivation: Many methods have been described to identify regulatory motifs in the transcription control regions of genes that exhibit similar patterns of gene expression across a variety of experimental conditions. Here we focus on a single experimental condition, and utilize gene expression data to identify sequence motifs associated with genes that are activated under this experimental condition. We use a linear model with two-way interactions to model gene expression as a function of sequence features (words) present in presumptive transcription control regions. The most relevant features are selected by a feature selection method called stepwise selection with monte carlo cross validation. We apply this method to a publicly available dataset of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, focussing on the 800 basepairs immediately upstream of each gene's translation start site (the upstream control region (UCR)). Results: We successfully identify regulatory motifs that are known to be active under the experimental conditions analyzed, and find additional significant sequences that may represent novel regulatory motifs. We also discuss a complementary method that utilizes gene expression data from a single microarray experiment and allows averaging over variety of experimental conditions as an alternative to motif finding methods that act on clusters of co-expressed genes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keles, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R01 AI46182-01] NR 30 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1167 EP 1175 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.9.1167 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 593PM UT WOS:000178001400003 PM 12217908 ER PT J AU Saiz, E Goldman, M Gomez-Vega, JM Tomsia, AP Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ AF Saiz, E Goldman, M Gomez-Vega, JM Tomsia, AP Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ TI In vitro behavior of silicate glass coatings on Ti6Al4V SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE coatings; glass; Ti6Al4V; hydroxyapatite; in vitro ID PHOSPHATE LAYER FORMATION; METAL-ION RELEASE; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; COMPOSITIONAL DEPENDENCE; HYDROXYAPATITE THICKNESS; STAINLESS-STEEL; BIOACTIVITY; BIOCERAMICS; BIOGLASSES AB The in vitro response in simulated body fluid (SBF) of silicate glass coatings on Ti6Al4V was evaluated. Glasses belonging to the SiO2-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O-P2O5 system were used to prepare 50-70 mum thick coatings on Ti6Al4V, employing a simple enameling technique. Glasses with silica content higher than 55 wt% can be used to prepare coatings that do not crack or delaminate and exhibit good adhesion to the alloy. It has been found that coatings with silica content lower than 60 wt% are more susceptible to corrosion and precipitate carbonated hydroxyapatite on their surface during in vitro tests. However, these coatings have a higher thermal expansion than the metal and are under tension. After 2 months in SBF cracks grow in the coating that reach the glass/ metal interface and initiate delamination. Glasses with silica content higher than 60 wt% are more resistant to corrosion and have lower thermal expansion. These coatings do not crack but they do not precipitate apatite even after 2 months in SBF. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Restorat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, MS 62-203 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [1R01DE11289] NR 24 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 17 BP 3749 EP 3756 AR PII S0142-9612(02)00109-6 DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00109-6 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 568BM UT WOS:000176522600024 PM 12109700 ER PT J AU Srivastava, SC AF Srivastava, SC TI Bone-seeking therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals SO BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Advances in Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmacy CY SEP 26-28, 2002 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL DE therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals; bone seekers; pain palliation; bio-pharmacokinetics; radiosynovectomy ID METASTATIC PROSTATE-CANCER; PAINFUL OSSEOUS METASTASES; SKELETAL METASTASES; RADIATION SYNOVECTOMY; RE-186(SN) HEDP; INVIVO BEHAVIOR; SR-89 THERAPY; SM-153; SAMARIUM-153-EDTMP; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Bone-seeking therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals are utilized on the basis of the radionuclide's particulate emissions (primarily low to intermediate beta emission). The requirements therefore are different from those of bone imagining agents that consist mainly of short-lived single photon emitters. Lately, the therapeutic bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals have attained increasing importance due to their potential role in alleviating pain from osseous metastases in cancer patients, for the treatment of joint pain resulting from inflamed synovium (radiosynoviorthesis, or radiosynovectomy), or from various other forms of arthritic disease. There is, however, a paucity of published data on the bio-pharmacokinetics of these agents when used following intravenous administration for bone pain palliation. This paper will briefly review and summarize the presently available chemical and biopharmacokinetic information on the various clinically approved as well as experimental bone-localizing therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, and make projections on their clinical application for the treatment of primary/metastatic cancer in bone. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Srivastava, SC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, POB 5000,Bldg 801, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST TECNOLOGIA PARANA PI CURITIBA-PARANA PA RUA PROF ALGACYR MUNHOZ MADER 3775-CIC, 81350-010 CURITIBA-PARANA, BRAZIL SN 1516-8913 J9 BRAZ ARCH BIOL TECHN JI Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 45 SI SI BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1590/S1516-89132002000500007 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 710BV UT WOS:000184661700007 ER PT J AU Hlavacek, WS Redondo, A Wofsy, C Goldstein, B AF Hlavacek, WS Redondo, A Wofsy, C Goldstein, B TI Kinetic proofreading in receptor-mediated transduction of cellular signals: Receptor aggregation, partially activated receptors, and cytosolic messengers SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE ASSUMPTION; FC-EPSILON-RI; MULTIVALENT ANTIGEN; LIGAND; TCR; DISCRIMINATION; BINDING; COMPLEX; MODEL; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Signaling by the T cell receptor (TCR), and the related immunoreceptor FcepsilonRI, is sensitive to ligand-receptor binding kinetics. Differences in the rate at which a ligand dissociates from a receptor cause disproportionate differences in signaling events and cellular responses to ligand-receptor engagement. Analysis of a simple mathematical model, developed by McKeithan (1995, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 5042-5046), has indicated that such sensitivity to binding kinetics is expected if a bound receptor must complete a cascade of modifications before generating a productive signal. However, recent experiments show that some cellular responses mediated by immunoreceptors escape from the control of kinetic proofreading, in the sense that these responses do not exhibit the expected sensitivity to the lifetime of a ligand-receptor bond. Here, we use an extended form of the McKeithan model to investigate possible explanations for such exceptions to the kinetic proofreading rule. We examine cellular responses triggered by cytosolic messengers, which are activated by modified receptors, and responses triggered by receptors in intermediate states of modification, i.e., receptors that have not progressed through the full series of potential modifications. Receptor aggregation is also considered. We find that the expected relationship between ligand-receptor binding kinetics and cellular responses can change significantly when signal transduction depends on a messenger or a partially modified receptor. In particular, cellular responses triggered by a messenger, such as a transcription factor that translocates from the membrane to the nucleus after receptor-mediated activation, can be sensitive or insensitive to a change in the lifetime of a ligand-receptor bond, depending on the parameters that govern the activation and decay of a messenger. (C) 2002 Society for Mathematical Biology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Chem & Mol Phys Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hlavacek, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Theoret Div, Mail Stop K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM35556] NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 64 IS 5 BP 887 EP 911 DI 10.1006/bulm.2002.0306 PG 25 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 601MD UT WOS:000178449400003 PM 12391861 ER PT J AU Gustafson, AM O'Connell, KP Thomashow, MF AF Gustafson, AM O'Connell, KP Thomashow, MF TI Regulation of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 rrnA-reporter gene fusions in response to cold shock SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rhizobium; gene expression; luciferase ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; RNA; CSPA; TRANSPOSON; TRANSCRIPTION; PROTEIN; REGION; IDENTIFICATION; MUTAGENESIS AB We previously reported that mutants of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 carrying luxAB insertions in each of the three 16S rRNA genes exhibited a dramatic (greater than or equal to28-fold) increase in luminescence following a temperature downshift from 30 to 15degreesC. These results raised the possibility that the rRNA operons (rrn) of S. meliloti were cold shock loci. In testing this possibility, we found that fusion of the S. meliloti 1021 rrnA promoter to two different reporter genes. luxAB and resulted in hybrid genes that were transiently upregulated (as measured by transcript accumulation) about four- to sixfold in response to a temperature downshift. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the,p rrn promoters are transiently upregulated in response to cold shock. However. much of the apparent cold shock regulation of the initial luxAB insertion,, was due to an unexpected mechanism: an apparent temperature-dependent inhibition of translation. Specifically, the rrnA sequences from +1 to +172 (relative to the start of transcription) were found to greatly decrease the ability of S. meliloti to translate hybrid rrn-luxAB transcripts into active protein at 30degreesC. This effect, however, was largely eliminated at 15degreesC. Possible mechanism,, for the apparent transient increase in rrnA promoter activity and temperature-dependent inhibition of translation are discussed. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, NSF Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, NSF Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Thomashow, MF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, NSF Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 48 IS 9 BP 821 EP 830 DI 10.1139/W02-078 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 614ZL UT WOS:000179221300007 PM 12455614 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, HP TI The basis problem in many-worlds theories SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB It is emphasized that a many-worlds interpretation of quantum theory exists only to the extent that the associated basis problem is solved. The core basis problem is that the robust enduring states specified by environmental decoherence effects are essentially Gaussian wave packets that form continua of non-orthogonal states. Hence they are not a discrete set of orthogonal basis states to which finite probabilities can be assigned by the usual rules. The natural way to get an orthogonal basis without going outside the Schrodinger dynamics is to use the eigenstates of the reduced density matrix, and this idea is the basis of some recent attempts by many-worlds proponents to solve the basis problem. But these eigenstates do not enjoy the locality and quasi-classicality properties of the states defined by environmental decoherence effects, and hence are not satisfactory preferred basis states. This core problem is obscured by approaches that treat the universe as a quantum computer, but it needs to be addressed and resolved before a many-worlds-type interpretation can be said to exist. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1043 EP 1052 DI 10.1139/P02-068 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 591GG UT WOS:000177870900012 ER PT J AU Tomberli, B Benmore, CJ Neuefeind, J Egelstaff, PA AF Tomberli, B Benmore, CJ Neuefeind, J Egelstaff, PA TI Isotopic quantum effects in the structure of liquid ethanol SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; WATER AB High-energy electromagnetic-radiation-scattering techniques have been used to measure the structural differences between five isotopic samples of ethanol (CH3CH2OH, CD3CD2OD, CD3CH2OH, CH3CH2OD, and CH3CD2OH) at room temperature and ambient pressure. The differences in the X-ray structure factors between several pairs of isotopes, DeltaS(X)(Q), are shown to have maximum amplitudes that are on the order of a few percent compared to the total structure factor for CH3CH2OH. Our uncertainties are an order of magnitude smaller than those of early gamma-ray measurements on methanol (C.J. Benmore and P.A. Egelstaff. J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 8, 9429 (1996)). These studies have shown that isotopic structural differences in room-temperature ethanol vary as a function of substitution site and are in qualitative agreement with similar differences found in liquid methanol. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CLRC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 OQX, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. DESY, HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP Tomberli, B (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RI Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015; OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1059 EP 1068 DI 10.1139/P02-076 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 591GG UT WOS:000177870900014 ER PT J AU Weaver, VM Lelievre, S Lakins, JN Chrenek, MA Jones, JCR Giancotti, F Werb, Z Bissell, MJ AF Weaver, VM Lelievre, S Lakins, JN Chrenek, MA Jones, JCR Giancotti, F Werb, Z Bissell, MJ TI beta 4 integrin-dependent formation of polarized three-dimensional architecture confers resistance to apoptosis in normal and malignant mammary epithelium SO CANCER CELL LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; BREAST-CANCER; TUMOR-CELLS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; SOLID TUMORS; MULTICELLULAR RESISTANCE; ALPHA-6-BETA-4 INTEGRIN; RECIPROCAL INTERACTIONS AB Tumor cells can evade chemotherapy by acquiring resistance to apoptosis. We investigated the molecular mechanism whereby malignant and nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells become insensitive to apoptosis. We show that regardless of growth status, formation of polarized, three-dimensional structures driven by basement membrane confers protection to apoptosis in both nonmalignant and malignant mammary epithelial cells. By contrast, irrespective of their malignant status, nonpolarized structures are sensitive to induction of apoptosis. Resistance to apoptosis requires ligation of beta4 integrins, which regulates tissue polarity, hemidesmosome formation, and NFkappaB activation. Expression of beta4 integrin that lacks the hemidesmosome targeting domain interferes with tissue polarity and NFkappaB activation and permits apoptosis. These results indicate that integrin-induced polarity may drive tumor cell resistance to apoptosis-inducing agents via effects on NFkappaB. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Inst Med & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Purdue Univ, Basic Med Sci Dept, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cellular Biochem & Biophys Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weaver, VM (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 64786, CA 57621, CA 78731, R01 CA057621, R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-05, R01 CA078731, R01 CA078731-02, R37 CA064786] NR 69 TC 458 Z9 466 U1 2 U2 19 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1535-6108 J9 CANCER CELL JI Cancer Cell PD SEP PY 2002 VL 2 IS 3 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S1535-6108(02)00125-3 PG 12 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 599UF UT WOS:000178353000009 PM 12242153 ER PT J AU Jia, JF Sun, Q Wen, B Chen, LX Sachtler, WMH AF Jia, JF Sun, Q Wen, B Chen, LX Sachtler, WMH TI Identification of highly active iron sites in N2O-activated Fe/MFI SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE oxidation state > 3 of Fe; Fe in MFI; alpha-sites; N2O dissociation; in situ; XANES; XAFS ID NOX REDUCTION; FE/ZSM-5; DECOMPOSITION; OXIDATION; CATALYSTS; COMPLEXES; ZEOLITES; OXYGEN AB Reduction in an H-2 flow at 600degreesC of Fe/MFI prepared by chemical vapor deposition, followed by its exposure to N2O at 250degreesC, produces a highly active state characterized by an unusual TPR spike at 200degreesC. In situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure, X-ray absorption fine structure data and literature data on DFT calculations suggest that in this state some Fe will be present in the oxidation state of Fe4+. C1 Northwestern Univ, Inst Environm Catalysis, Ctr Catalysis & Surface Sci, VN Ipatieff Lab, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sachtler, WMH (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Inst Environm Catalysis, Ctr Catalysis & Surface Sci, VN Ipatieff Lab, 2137 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 21 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1023/A:1020527721682 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 601EH UT WOS:000178433200002 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Kim, HY Hanson, JC Brito, JL AF Rodriguez, JA Kim, HY Hanson, JC Brito, JL TI Reduction of CoMoO4 and NiMoO4: in situ time-resolved XRD studies SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE catalyst activation; oxides; molybdates; hydrogen; X-ray diffraction; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED REDUCTION; MIXED-METAL OXIDES; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CATALYSTS; DIFFRACTION; MOLYBDATES; PRECURSOR; HYDROGEN AB One method frequently employed for the preparation of active oxide catalysts consists of partial reduction under hydrogen at elevated temperatures. In this process, it is important to identify well-defined suboxides that can have high catalytic activity and are stable at the elevated temperatures typical of many catalytic reactions. Our results for the reaction of H-2 with alpha-NiMoO4 and beta-CoMoO4 show that in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction is a powerful technique to study the reduction/activation of mixed-metal oxides. It is clearly shown that the mechanism for the reduction of a mixed-metal oxide catalyst can exhibit drastic changes with respect to that observed for simple metal oxide catalysts. The generation of stable suboxides is difficult to predict. Thus, the reaction of H-2 with alpha-NiMoO4 does not lead to formation of a well-ordered NiMoOx intermediate. On the other hand, during the reduction of beta-CoMoO4, Co2Mo3O8 and/or CoMoO3 are formed. These chemical transformations are accompanied by changes in the line shape and position of the MoLII-edge in XANES and affect the behavior of reduced NiMoO4 and CoMoO4 catalysts. Induction times were detected in the reduction process of CoMoO4. From the present results and data previously reported for NiO, it is clear that this phenomenon should be taken into consideration when aiming at the activation of oxide catalysts via reduction in H-2. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Brito, Joaquin/F-4974-2010; Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1023/A:1020556528042 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 601EH UT WOS:000178433200016 ER PT J AU Zak, M AF Zak, M TI Entanglement-based self-organization SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article AB Based upon quantum entanglement, several paradigms of self-organization (such as inverse diffusion, transmissions of conditional information, decentralized coordination, cooperative computing, competitive games, topological evolution in active systems) are introduced and discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ultracomp Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zak, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ultracomp Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 126-347, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD SEP PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 745 EP 758 AR PII S0960-0779(02)00021-8 DI 10.1016/S0960-0779(02)00021-8 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 561WR UT WOS:000176166500009 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M AF Massoudi, M TI On the importance of material frame-indifference and lift forces in multiphase flows SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE lift forces; material frame-indifference; particulate multiphase flows; continuum mechanics ID 2-EQUATION TURBULENCE MODEL; VALUED ISOTROPIC FUNCTIONS; DENSE PARTICULATE MIXTURE; LAMINAR BOUNDARY-LAYER; LINEAR SHEAR-FLOW; LATERAL MIGRATION; 2-PHASE FLOWS; SPHERICAL-PARTICLE; AVERAGED EQUATIONS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER AB in this paper, we discuss the importance of the Principle of Material Frame-Indifference, sometimes referred to as Objectivity, in multiphase flows. We first give a brief account of the formulation of a two-phase mixture and then indicate where and how this principle should be utilized. We will then give a brief review of the meaning of this principle in continuum mechanics and how it has been used in various fields of physics. We also give examples of frame-indifferent and frame-dependent constitutive relations which have been used in multiphase flow studies. The importance of lift forces is also discussed. Finally, we derive a general constitutive relation which is frame-invariant and general enough to be used in many applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 180 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 EI 1873-4405 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 57 IS 17 BP 3687 EP 3701 AR PII S0009-2509(02)00237-3 DI 10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00237-3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 602VE UT WOS:000178524500018 ER PT J AU Ams, DA Maurice, PA Hersman, LE Forsythe, JH AF Ams, DA Maurice, PA Hersman, LE Forsythe, JH TI Siderophore production by an aerobic Pseudomonas mendocina bacterium in the presence of kaolinite SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE siderophore; Pseudomonas mendocina; kaolinite ID HYDROXAMATE SIDEROPHORES; DISSIMILATORY FE(III); PROMOTED DISSOLUTION; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; IRON; OXIDES; MECHANISM; KINETICS AB The purpose of this study was to quantify siderophore production by the aerobic bacterium, Pseudomonas mendocina, under Fe-limited conditions as a function of Fe source: supplied in dissolved form (as 30 muM Fe-EDTA), as natural Fe-containing kaolinite, and a no-Fe-added control. Siderophores are Fe(Ill)-specific organic ligands produced by microorganisms under conditions of Fe stress. Siderophore production was compared with previous experiments wherein Fe was supplied as hematite [Geomicrobiol. J. 17 (2000) 1]. Microbial growth increased in the order: no-added-Fe controlkaolinite>hematitegreater than or equal toFe-EDTA. Thus, the bacterium was less Fe stressed in the presence of kaolinite than in the no-added-Fe control, confirming that kaolinite serves as a source of Fe to the bacterium. Although more siderophore per cell was produced in the most stressed system (no-Fe-added), more total siderophore was produced in the least stressed system (Fe-EDTA). This is due to the presence of a larger total population size in the least stressed system. Hence, the ability of a microbial population to produce siderophores as a means to access mineral-bound Fe is a complex function of both Fe stress and population size. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maurice, PA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 62 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 188 IS 3-4 BP 161 EP 170 AR PII S0009-2541(02)00077-3 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00077-3 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 592GL UT WOS:000177928500002 ER PT J AU Tretiak, S Mukamel, S AF Tretiak, S Mukamel, S TI Density matrix analysis and simulation of electronic excitations in conjugated and aggregated molecules SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DEPENDENT HARTREE-FOCK; RANDOM PHASE APPROXIMATION; DONOR-ACCEPTOR POLYENES; RETRACTED ARTICLE. SEE; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; BOND-LENGTH ALTERNATION; PUSH-PULL POLYENES; DIFFERENTIAL-OVERLAP TECHNIQUE; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM serg@lanl.gov; mukamel@chem.rochester.edu RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647 NR 497 TC 342 Z9 343 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 102 IS 9 BP 3171 EP 3212 DI 10.1021/cr0101252 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 593TF UT WOS:000178008800007 PM 12222985 ER PT J AU Ashbaugh, HS Boon, K Prud'homme, RK AF Ashbaugh, HS Boon, K Prud'homme, RK TI Gelation of "catanionic" vesicles by hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes SO COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE vesicles; hydrophobically modified polymers; gels ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; DENSELY PACKED MONODISPERSE; GENERAL PHASE-BEHAVIOR; CROSS-LINKING POLYMER; SDS-DDAB-WATER; GEL POINT; UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; RICH SIDE; SURFACTANTS; MIXTURES AB The gelation of mixed cationic/anionic surfactant vesicles of sodium dodecyl sulfate/didodecyldimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate/cetyltrimethylammonium tosylate by hydrophobically modified sodium polyacrylate is studied rheologically. When the vesicles are cationically charged, mixtures with this anionic polyelectrolyte form precipitates. When the vesicles are anionically charged, however. these mixtures display a progression from a Maxwell fluid to a critical gel to a solid-like gel with increasing vesicle and/or polyelectrolyte concentration. Consideration of the viscous behavior with increasing vesicle and polymer volume fraction indicates that the gel network is formed by the bridging of the hydrophobically modified polymer between vesicles. The similarity between the gelation results for the two anionic systems suggests the results can be generalized to other similarly charged mixtures. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ashbaugh, HS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Mail Stop B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ashbaugh, Henry/C-9767-2011 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0303-402X J9 COLLOID POLYM SCI JI Colloid Polym. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 280 IS 9 BP 783 EP 788 DI 10.1007/s00396-002-0702-3 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 596PD UT WOS:000178172500001 ER PT J AU Vicente, LN Wright, SJ AF Vicente, LN Wright, SJ TI Local convergence of a primal-dual method for degenerate nonlinear programming SO COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear programming; degeneracy; interior-point methods ID INTERIOR-POINT ALGORITHM; SUPERLINEAR CONVERGENCE; QUADRATIC CONVERGENCE; OPTIMIZATION AB In recent work, the local convergence behavior of path-following interior-point methods and sequential quadratic programming methods for nonlinear programming has been investigated for the case in which the assumption of linear independence of the active constraint gradients at the solution is replaced by the weaker Mangasarian-Fromovitz constraint qualification. In this paper, we describe a stabilization of the primal-dual interior-point approach that ensures rapid local convergence under these conditions without enforcing the usual centrality condition associated with path-following methods. The stabilization takes the form of perturbations to the coefficient matrix in the step equations that vanish as the iterates converge to the solution. C1 Univ Coimbra, Dept Matemat, P-3001454 Coimbra, Portugal. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vicente, LN (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Dept Matemat, P-3001454 Coimbra, Portugal. OI Vicente, Luis Nunes/0000-0003-1097-6384 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6003 J9 COMPUT OPTIM APPL JI Comput. Optim. Appl. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 311 EP 328 DI 10.1023/A:1019798502851 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 583VQ UT WOS:000177431600001 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DK Kouri, DJ Pollak, E AF Hoffman, DK Kouri, DJ Pollak, E TI Reducing Gaussian noise using distributed approximating functionals SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The denoising characteristics for the representation of experimental data in terms of the Hermite Distributed Approximating Functionals (HDAF's) are analyzed with respect to signals corrupted with Gaussian noise. The HDAF performance is compared to both the ideal window and running averages representations of the same data. We find that the HDAF filter combines the best features of both. That is, the HDAF filter provides approximately the same noise reduction and bandwidth as the ideal filter while at the same time remaining limited in range in both the physical and Fourier spaces. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Hoffman, DK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 147 IS 3 BP 759 EP 769 AR PII S0010-4655(02)00457-5 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00457-5 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 591FR UT WOS:000177869500001 ER PT J AU Spotz, WF Swarztrauber, PN AF Spotz, WF Swarztrauber, PN TI Climate modeling SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Spotz, WF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 24 EP 25 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2002.1032425 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 586VZ UT WOS:000177608000007 ER PT J AU Randall, DA Ringler, TD Heikes, RP Jones, P Baumgardner, J AF Randall, DA Ringler, TD Heikes, RP Jones, P Baumgardner, J TI Climate modeling with spherical geodesic grids SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Randall, DA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Randall, David/E-6113-2011 OI Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112 NR 13 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2002.1032427 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 586VZ UT WOS:000177608000009 ER PT J AU Silbar, RR AF Silbar, RR TI Web delivery of interactive laboratories: Comparing three authoring tools SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 WhistleSoft, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silbar, RR (reprint author), WhistleSoft, 168 Dos Brazos, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2002.1032433 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 586VZ UT WOS:000177608000015 ER PT J AU Dubois, PF AF Dubois, PF TI Designing scientific components SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Adv Software Technol Grp, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. RP Dubois, PF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Adv Software Technol Grp, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 84 EP 90 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2002.1032434 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 586VZ UT WOS:000177608000016 ER PT J AU Ju, YL Wang, L AF Ju, YL Wang, L TI On the numerical design of a new type of 4 K GM/PT hybrid refrigerators SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE GM/PT hybrid refrigerator; numerical study; liquid helium temperature ID PULSE-TUBE REFRIGERATOR; OSCILLATING FLOW; SIMULATION; COOLERS; 4-K AB In this paper we developed and designed, based on theoretical considerations, a new type of 4 K GM/PT hybrid refrigerators. The upper warm stage of the hybrid refrigerator is a typical GM refrigeration cycle, and the cold stage is a pulse tube refrigerator (PTR), on which is thermodynamically coupled the upper warm stage. Four different types of phase shifting assembly: (1) a cold auxiliary piston that is connected to the displacer of the upper GM refrigerator stage, (2) an orifice with reservoir encircled the cold head of the upper stage, (3) an orifice with double-inlet, and (4) in combination with the cold auxiliary piston, orifice and double-inlet, has been proposed and analyzed for the adjustment of the phase shift between the gas mass flow and pressure in the pulse tube. Numerical simulation is performed to understand the unique thereto-physical features, to reveal the time-dependent dynamic parameters and to quantify the overall cooling performance of the hybrid refrigerator. We rely on a one-dimensional, unsteady compressible flow numerical model that is based on a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian method developed by the present author. The model will be first applied to analyze the cooling performance of the hybrid refrigerator with different types of phase shifting assembly. In what following, it is used to simulate the dynamic parameters in the cold stage of the pulse tube cycle. Next, optimization of the structure parameters and geometrical configuration of the new refrigerator will be presented. Finally, the influences of different hybrid regenerative materials on the cooling capacity of the new hybrid GM/PTR will be also discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Cryogen Lab, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ju, YL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Cryogen Lab, Tech Inst Phys & Chem, POB 2711, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 9 BP 533 EP 542 AR PII S0011-2275(02)00072-3 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(02)00072-3 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 611HE UT WOS:000179009900003 ER PT J AU Betts, MR Yusim, K Koup, RA AF Betts, MR Yusim, K Koup, RA TI Optimal antigens for HIV vaccines based on CD8+T response, protein length, and sequence variability SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INFECTION; VIREMIA; PROGRESSORS; CD4(+); CELLS; LOAD; CTL AB The identification of optimal antigens to include in an HIV vaccine designed to elicit a cellular immune response requires careful consideration of protein length, variability, and immunogenicity. Here, we have examined the relationship of these parameters in a cohort of HIV-infected subjects. We find that HIV Gag and Nef represent optimal antigens for the CD8+ T cell response, based on size, variability, and immunogenicity. Although the Env and Pol proteins have a poorer response to length (Pol) or variability (Env) ratio than Gag or Nef, they are still strong candidates for inclusion into an HIV vaccine, based on overall response frequency in the cohort. The accessory proteins Tat, Rev, Vif, Vpr, and Vpu in general all elicit very low CD8+ T cell responses, and this, in combination with their high variability, makes them less attractive as vaccine antigens. C1 NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Koup, RA (reprint author), NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, 40 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 21 IS 9 BP 665 EP 670 DI 10.1089/104454902760330200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 598JA UT WOS:000178271500009 PM 12396609 ER PT J AU Sun, YK Lee, YS Yoshio, M Amine, K AF Sun, YK Lee, YS Yoshio, M Amine, K TI Synthesis and electrochemical properties of ZnO-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel as 5 V cathode material for lithium secondary batteries (vol 5, pg A99 2002) SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Saga Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Saga 840, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, YK (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 5 IS 9 BP L1 EP L1 DI 10.1149/1.1500515 PG 1 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 586EZ UT WOS:000177572800019 ER PT J AU Zhong, WW Yeung, ES AF Zhong, WW Yeung, ES TI Combinatorial enantiomeric separation of diverse compounds using capillary array electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary arrays; capillary electrophoresis; chiral separation ID CHIRAL RESOLVING AGENTS; NEUTRAL CYCLODEXTRINS; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; ELECTROMIGRATION TECHNIQUES; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; SELECTORS; SELECTIVITY; ENANTIOSEPARATION; DERIVATIVES; MIXTURES AB Combinatorial chiral separations were performed on a 96-capillary array electrophoresis system. A comprehensive enantioseparation protocol employing neutral and sulfated cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for common basic, neutral and acidic compounds was developed. By using only four judiciously chosen separation buffers, successful enantioseparations were achieved for 49 out of 54 test compounds spanning a large variety of pK and structures. Therefore, unknown compounds can be screened in this manner to identify the optimal enantioselective conditions in just one run. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 17 BP 2996 EP 3005 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200209)23:17<2996::AID-ELPS2996>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 596FT UT WOS:000178154100022 PM 12207308 ER PT J AU Shen, YF Smith, RD AF Shen, YF Smith, RD TI Proteomics based on high-efficiency capillary separations SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Review DE capillary electrophoresis; capillary liquid chromatography; proteomics; review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; COMPLEXES; INTERFACE; PRESSURE AB Identifying and quantifying in a high throughput manner the proteins expressed by cells, tissues or an organism provides the basis for understanding the functions of its constituents at a "systems" level. As a result, proteome analysis has increasingly become the focus of significant interest and research over the past decade. This is especially true following the recent stunning achievements in genomics analyses. However, unlike the static genome, the complexities and dynamism of the proteome present significant analytical challenges and demand highly efficient separations and detection technologies. A number of recent technological advancements have been in direct response to these challenges. Currently, strategically mated combinations of sophisticated separations techniques and advanced mass spectrometric detection represent the best approach to addressing the intricacies of the proteome. Liquid-phase separations, often within capillaries, are increasingly recognized as the best separations technique for this approach. In combination on-line with mass spectrometry, liquid-phase separations provide the improved analytical sensitivity, sample throughput, and quantitation capabilities necessitated by the multifaceted problems within proteomics analyses. This review focuses primarily on current high-efficiency capillary separations techniques, including both capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, applied to the analysis of complex proteomic samples. We emphasize developments at our laboratory and illustrate technical advances that attempt to review the role of separations within the broader context of a state-of-the-art integrated proteomics effort. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 86340] NR 106 TC 138 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 18 BP 3106 EP 3124 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200209)23:18<3106::AID-ELPS3106>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 602FT UT WOS:000178495700003 PM 12298083 ER PT J AU Chen, JZ Lee, CS Shen, YF Smith, RD Baehrecke, EH AF Chen, JZ Lee, CS Shen, YF Smith, RD Baehrecke, EH TI Integration of capillary isoelectric focusing with capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography for two-dimensional proteomics separation SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary isoelectric focusing; capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography; proteomics separation ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEPTIDES; INTERFACE; CZE AB On-line combination of capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) with capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography (CRPLC) is developed using a microinjector as the interface for performing two-dimensional (2-D) protein/peptide separations of complex protein mixtures. The focusing effect of CIEF not only contributes to a high-resolution protein/peptide separation, but also may permit the analysis of low-abundance proteins with a typical concentration factor of 50-100 times. The preparative capabilities of CIEF are much larger than most of capillary-based electrokinetic separation techniques since the entire capillary is initially filled with a solution containing proteins/peptides and carrier ampholytes for the creation of a pH gradient inside the capillary. The focused peptides which have a similar pl are coinjected into the second separation dimension and further resolved by their differences in hydrophobicity. The resolving power of combined CIEF-CRPLC system is demonstrated using the soluble fraction of Drosophila salivary glands taken from a period beginning before steroid-triggered programmed cell death and extending to its completion. The separation mechanisms of CIEF and CRPLC are completely orthogonal and the overall peak capacity is estimated to be around similar to1800 over a run time of less than 8 h. Significant enhancement in the separation peak capacity can be realized by further increasing the number of CIEF fractions and/or slowing the solvent gradient in CRPLC, however, at the expense of overall analysis time. The results of our preliminary studies display significant differences in the separation profiles of peptide samples obtained from salivary glands of animals staged at the 6 and 12 h following puparium formation. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Agr Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 81654] NR 23 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 18 BP 3143 EP 3148 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200209)23:18<3143::AID-ELPS3143>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 602FT UT WOS:000178495700006 PM 12298086 ER PT J AU Mohan, D Lee, CS AF Mohan, D Lee, CS TI On-line coupling of capillary isoelectric focusing with transient isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis: A two-dimensional separation system for proteomics SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary isoelectric focusing; transient isotachophoresis; zone electrophoresis ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; MICRODIALYSIS; PEPTIDES; PRECONCENTRATION; INTERFACE; CZE; MS AB A microdialysis junction is employed as the interface for on-line coupling of capillary isoelectric focusing with transient isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis in a two-dimensional separation system. Capillary isoelectric focusing not only provides high-resolution separation of tryptic peptides based on their differences in isoelectric point, but also potentially allows the analysis of low-abundance proteins with a typical concentration factor of 50-100 times. Carrier ampholytes, employed for the creation of a pH gradient during focusing, are further utilized as the leading electrolyte in the second separation dimension, transient isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis. Many peptides which have the same isoelectric point would most likely have different charge-to-mass ratios, and thus different electrophoretic mobilities in zone electrophoresis. Two-dimensional separation of proteolytic peptides is demonstrated using standard proteins, including cytochrome c, ribonuclease A, and carbonic anhydrase II. The maximum peak capacity is estimated to be around similar to1600 and can be significantly increased by simply increasing the capillary column length and manipulating the range of pH gradient in isoelectric focusing. In addition to enhanced separation efficiency and resolution, this two-dimensional electrokinetic separation system permits sensitive and comprehensive analysis of peptide fragments, especially when integrated with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for peptide/protein identification. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 81654] NR 34 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 18 BP 3160 EP 3167 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200209)23:18<3160::AID-ELPS3160>3.0.CO;2-L PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 602FT UT WOS:000178495700008 PM 12298088 ER PT J AU Hixson, KK Rodriguez, N Camp, DG Strittmatter, EF Lipton, MS Smith, RD AF Hixson, KK Rodriguez, N Camp, DG Strittmatter, EF Lipton, MS Smith, RD TI Evaluation of enzymatic digestion and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry peptide mapping of the integral membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE detergent; electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry; high-pressure liquid chromatography; membrane protein; trypsin ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; OUTER-MEMBRANE; IDENTIFICATION; SOLUBILIZATION; RHODOPSIN; LEVEL AB A method for the complete peptide mapping of the model integral membrane protein bacteri-orhodopsin is demonstrated. Utilizing more effective enzymatic digestion, procedures with capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), all predicted tryptic digestion products were detected, as well as peptides from all previously reported post-translational modifications of bacteriorhodopsin. A significant contribution of chymotryptic-like digestion products was also observed. A characterization of the behavior of hydrophobic integral membrane peptides in a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation is also provided. The method reported here offers improved compatibility of the solubilizing reagents with both the chromatography and mass spectrometry, rendering it suitable for high-throughput proteomic applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. West Pharmaceut, Lionville, PA USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 93306] NR 29 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 18 BP 3224 EP 3232 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200209)23:18<3224::AID-ELPS3224>3.0.CO;2-# PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 602FT UT WOS:000178495700014 PM 12298094 ER PT J AU Li, HL Yeung, ES AF Li, HL Yeung, ES TI Selective genotyping of individual cells by capillary polymerase chain reaction SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary polymerase chain reaction; genotyping; single cells ID WHOLE GENOME AMPLIFICATION; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; SINGLE-CELL; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; DNA AMPLIFICATION; FLOW PCR; T-CELLS; REARRANGEMENTS; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE AB On-line capillary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection was successfully demonstrated for individual human cells. A single 50 mum inner diameter (ID) fused-silica capillary served both as the reaction vessel and for isolating single cells. SYBR Green I dye was added into the reaction mixture for dynamic fluorescence labeling. Because of the small ID of the capillary, PCR-amplified DNA fragments from single cells were localized in the capillary, providing discrete product zones with concentrations at readily detectable levels. With selective primer design, only cells containing the DNA of interest were amplified. By counting the number of peaks in the capillary via electromigration past a detection window, the number of targeted cell templates could be determined. Identification of the 295 by fragment beta-actin gene from individual human lymphoblast cell was demonstrated. Independent on-column cell counting provided positive correlation between the starting cell templates and the final PCR products. This opens up the possibility of highly selective and sensitive disease diagnosis at an early stage, when only a few cells in the population are defective. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 19 BP 3372 EP 3380 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200210)23:19<3372::AID-ELPS3372>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 606RJ UT WOS:000178746700016 PM 12373765 ER PT J AU Ross, JP Meier, A AF Ross, JP Meier, A TI Measurements of whole-house standby power consumption in California homes SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB We investigated the variation in standby power consumption in 10 California homes. Total standby power in the homes ranged from 14 to 169 W, with an average of 67 W. This corresponded to 5-26% of the homes' annual electricity use. The appliances with the largest standby losses were televisions, set-top boxes and printers. A short-term measurement of a home's utility meter can provide surprisingly good estimates of total standby power if certain precautions are taken. The large variation in the standby power of appliances providing the same service demonstrates that manufacturers are able to reduce standby losses without degrading performance. Replacing existing units with appliances using 1 W or less of standby power would reduce standby power use by 68%, achieving a 7% reduction in annual electricity consumption. At least 70% of new appliance purchases in these homes will have standby power consumption. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meier, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Bldg 90,Room 2000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD SEP PY 2002 VL 27 IS 9 BP 861 EP 868 AR PII S0360-5442(02)00023-3 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00023-3 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 593CT UT WOS:000177974400005 ER PT J AU Volinsky, AA Kottke, ML Moody, NR Gerberich, WW AF Volinsky, AA Kottke, ML Moody, NR Gerberich, WW TI Fiducial marks as measures of thin film crack arrest toughness SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fiducial marks; adhesion; fracture; delamination; crack arrest; crack tip opening angle; thin films ID QUANTITATIVE ADHESION MEASURES; TANTALUM NITRIDE; MULTILAYER FILMS; FRACTURE; INDENTATION AB Carbon fiducial marks are formed during thin film local delamination processes induced either by indentation, forming circular blisters, or by residual stress relief through telephone cord blister formations. Hydrocarbons are sucked into the crack tip during the delamination processes, outlining the crack tip opening angle. which can be used to back calculate thin film adhesion using elastic or plastic analyses presented in the paper. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Motorola Digital DNA Labs, Proc & Mat Characterizat Lab, Mesa, AZ 85202 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Volinsky, AA (reprint author), Motorola Digital DNA Labs, Proc & Mat Characterizat Lab, 2200 W Broadway Rd M-360, Mesa, AZ 85202 USA. EM alex.volinsky@motorola.com RI Volinsky, Alex/A-7974-2009; OI Volinsky, Alex/0000-0002-8520-6248 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 69 IS 13 BP 1511 EP 1515 AR PII S0013-7944(02)00003-6 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00003-6 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 576RC UT WOS:000177018000006 ER PT J AU Becker, TL Cannon, RM Ritchie, RO AF Becker, TL Cannon, RM Ritchie, RO TI Statistical fracture modeling: crack path and fracture criteria with application to homogeneous and functionally graded materials SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE functionally graded materials; fracture toughness; crack kinking; mixed-mode fracture; Weibull statistics ID ELASTIC-PLASTIC MATERIALS; NONHOMOGENEOUS MATERIALS; CLEAVAGE FRACTURE; STRESS SOLUTIONS; DEFLECTION; MECHANICS; TOUGHNESS; CERAMICS; STEEL AB Analysis has been performed on fracture initiation near a crack in a brittle material with strength described by Weibull statistics. This nonlocal fracture model allows for a direct correlation between near crack-tip stresses and failure. Predictions are made for both the toughness and average fracture initiation angle of a crack under mixed-mode loading. This is pertinent for composites and is especially interesting for functionally graded materials (FGMs), where the stress and strength fields vary from the homogeneous form away from the crack tip. Both analytic and finite element analyses of FGMs reveal that gradients in Weibull scaling stress sigma(0)(x,y) usually lead to a dramatic decrease of initiation fracture toughness; moreover, gradients normal to the crack result in a crack growing toward the weaker material. When comparing FGMs with gradients in Young's modulus in the direction of the crack path, E(x), and the same stress-intensity factor K, the crack growing into the steeper negative gradient will be tougher, if m, the Weibull modulus, is low; with growth in the stiff direction, the effect is opposite. These effects offset the higher-stress intensity for cracks growing into more compliant material, and the crack-tip shielding when growing into a stiffer material based upon expectations for the applied load. Perpendicular gradients in modulus can cause a far-field mode I loading to produce mixed-mode loading of the crack tip and other asymmetric adjustments in the stress field; the gradient induces non-coplanar cracking that depends strongly on m. The distribution of damage near a crack tip will vary strongly with m. For high m materials, failure is dominated by the very near-tip parameters, and effects of gradients are minimized. With low m, distributed damage leading to toughening can be exaggerated in FGMs. Finally, consideration is given to the role of several higher-order terms in the stress field. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 69 IS 14-16 BP 1521 EP 1555 AR PII S0013-7944(02)00047-4 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00047-4 PG 35 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 588PT UT WOS:000177710400002 ER PT J AU Dilustro, JJ Day, FP Drake, BG Hinkle, CR AF Dilustro, JJ Day, FP Drake, BG Hinkle, CR TI Abundance, production and mortality of fine roots under elevated atmospheric CO2 in an oak-scrub ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE CO2; minirhizotrons; root growth; root length density; root mortality; root turnover ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MINERAL-NUTRITION; SOIL-NITROGEN; RESPONSES; ENRICHMENT; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; RHIZOSPHERE; PONDEROSA; INCREASES AB Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are increasing and are predicted to double this century. The implications of this rise on vegetation structure and function are not well understood. Measurement of root growth response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide is critical to understanding plant responses and soil carbon input. We investigated the effects of elevated carbon dioxide on fine root growth using open top chambers with both ambient and elevated (700 ppm) CO2 treatments in an oak-palmetto scrub ecosystem at Kennedy Space Center, FL. Minirhizotron tubes installed in each elevated and control chamber were sampled for root length density (mm cm(-2)) every 3 months. Carbon dioxide enrichment of the chambers began May 15, 1996. By December 1997, root length density (RLD) increased to 7.53 mm cm(-2) for the control chambers and 21.36 mm cm(-2) for the enriched chambers in the top 101-cm of soil. Vertical distribution of fine roots was unchanged under elevated carbon dioxide. Fine root production increased with elevated carbon dioxide, and mortality and turnover were higher in the elevated chambers by the last sample date in 1997. The increased rates of fine root growth coupled with no change in decomposition rate suggest a potential increased rate of carbon input into the soil. However, these results only represent the first 21 months post-fire and recovery to root closure could just be faster in the elevated CO2 atmosphere. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Dynam Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Day, FP (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 AR PII S0098-8472(02)00020-5 DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(02)00020-5 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 584CD UT WOS:000177448900006 ER PT J AU Bogen, KT Cullen, J AF Bogen, KT Cullen, J TI Residential radon in US counties v lung cancer in women who predominantly never smoked SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE alpha; cancer; ecological; epidemiology; lung; mortality; radon; residential; smoking; US counties; women ID NONSMOKING URANIUM MINERS; UNITED-STATES HOMES; INDOOR RADON; ECOLOGIC REGRESSION; EXPOSURE; RISK; MORTALITY; PREDICTIONS; SELENIUM; SWEDEN AB Previous studies have found that mean-residential-radon (Rn) levels for U.S. counties are negatively associated with age-adjusted county rates of lung-cancer mortality (LCM), after adjustments for potentially confounding factors. Those results may be due to (a) confounding unaddressable by any county-level ('ecological') study design, or (b) county-level factors such as Rn/smoking or age/radon correlations or exposure misclassifications from the use of disparate data sources. Possibilities (b) were addressed by comparing age-specific LCM rates for white women in 2821 U.S. counties who died in 1950-54 at age 40+ (similar to11% of whom ever smoked), or at age 60+ (similar to% of whom ever smoked), to county Rn levels newly estimated from U.S. Rn, climatic and geological-survey data. Significant negative LCM v Rn trends were found for both age groups, after adjusting for age and subsets of 21 county-level socioeconomic, climatic and other factors. Negative trends were largest for counties with less than or equal to 100 Bq m(-3) Rn (p less than or equal to 0.00087; 420 analyses). Adjusted relative risk (RR(a)dj) for LCM was significantly elevated (1 < [95% conf. limits on RRadj] &LE; 1.46) in 43 of 210 analyses comparing LCM rates in counties with > 150 Bq m(-3) v 65-100 Bq m(-3) Rn, most involving adjustment for climate- and education-related factors likely to have influenced exposure to indoor air contaminants such as Rn and cigarette smoke. Though inconclusive due to potential ecological-fallacy-related confounding that could not be controlled, results from this ecological study are most consistent with a U-shaped dose-response relationship between 1950-54 LCM risk and U.S. residential radon in white women who predominantly never smoked. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div L396, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bogen, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div L396, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD SEP PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 229 EP 247 DI 10.1023/A:1016051322603 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 567AL UT WOS:000176460400005 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZP Aagaard, P Breedveld, GD AF Zheng, ZP Aagaard, P Breedveld, GD TI Intrinsic biodegradation of toluene coupled to the microbial reduction of ferric iron: laboratory column experiments SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; toluene; column; aquifer; Gardermoen ID HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION; MINERALIZATION; GROUNDWATER; OXIDES; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; MINERALS; FE(III); CARBON AB Intrinsic biodegradation of toluene-coupled with the microbial reduction of ferric iron (Fe(III)) as the terminal electron acceptor was studied by using laboratory column experiments under continuous flow conditions. Columns were packed with contaminated aquifer sediment and N-2-purged groundwater taken from the western part of the Gardermoen aquifer:. The columns were operated anaerobically at 8 degreesC (in-situ temperature). Chloride was initially used to characterize flow properties of the columns. Intrinsic biodegradation of toluene, including abiotic loss and biological loss, was estimated by comparing breakthrough curves of toluene for live columns-and sterilized control columns based on mass balance in steady-state conditions. The column experiments were run at two different flow. velocities. The estimated average intrinsic rate was -0.73 and -0.53 mM day 1 for pore-water velocities of 1.75 and 2.68 cm h(-1), respectively, corresponding to -0.27 and -0-.22 mM day in biological loss rate. The results indicate that intrinsic biodegradation of toluene could be used.;as an efficient remediation approach for contaminated groundwater at the Gardermoen fire-fighting training, site. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Zheng, ZP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Cyclotron Rd,MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Breedveld, Gijs D./0000-0003-2944-840X NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 649 EP 656 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0569-0 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 602HR UT WOS:000178500300011 ER PT J AU Suzukawa, K Weber, TJ Colburn, NH AF Suzukawa, K Weber, TJ Colburn, NH TI AP-1, NF kappa B, and ERK activation thresholds for promotion of neoplastic transformation in the mouse epidermal JB6 model SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE activator protein-1; epidermal growth factor; nuclear factor kappa B; serum-response element; 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; transformation; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH; INDUCED CELL-TRANSFORMATION; MAP KINASE PATHWAYS; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; PROTEIN-1 ACTIVATION; C-JUN; INDUCED EXPRESSION; RESPONSE ELEMENT; TUMOR PROMOTION AB The promotion-sensitive mouse epidermal JB6 cells (done 41) have been used to identify the tumor-promoting activity of various compounds. Because treatment by tumor promoters [12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), epidermal growth factor (EGF), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)] transforms done 41 cells to anchorage-independent and tumorigenic phenotypes, they are considered to be undergoing late-stage tumor promotion. Here we address the question of how much activation of transformation-relevant transcription factors [activator protein-1 (AP-1), ternary complex factors (TCFs), or nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)] is required for transformation response and how much tumor promoter produces significant risk of transformation. Stable transfectants harboring a reporter construct with an AP-1 response element, serum-response element (SRE), or NFkappaB response element were established. We examined the relationship between concentration of tumor promoters, key signaling events, and activation of the transcription factors. A concentration of >0.2 nM TPA or 0.12 ng/mL (0.02 nM) EGF produced a significant increase in transformation response as well as in extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), SRE, or AP-1 activation. Treatment with >0.4 U/mL (2.35 pM) TNFalpha increased NFkappaB activity and transformation response in a dose-dependent manner. However, transformation response decreased at >33 U/mL TNFalpha due to a cytotoxic response. These findings suggest that the signaling pathway leading to the activation of ERK, TCF, and AP-1 proteins constitutes a major factor determining the risk of tumor promotion by TPA or EGF. Cell toxicity in addition to NFkappaB activation should be considered in predicting TNFalpha-induced transformation response. C1 NCI, Gene Regulat Sect, Basic Res Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Colburn, NH (reprint author), NCI, Gene Regulat Sect, Basic Res Lab, Bldg 560,Room 21-89, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 110 IS 9 BP 865 EP 870 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 591RJ UT WOS:000177893800026 PM 12204819 ER PT J AU Burian, SJ McPherson, TN Brown, MJ Streit, GE Turin, HJ AF Burian, SJ McPherson, TN Brown, MJ Streit, GE Turin, HJ TI Modeling the effects of air quality policy changes on water quality in urban areas SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE water quality; air quality; stormwater; airshed; watershed management; modeling ID DRY DEPOSITION; NITROGEN; CALIFORNIA; POLLUTION; FUGACITY AB This paper describes the development and application of an integrated modeling framework composed of an urban air chemistry model, an urban runoff model, and a water-quality model. The models were linked to simulate the fate and transport of air emissions of nitrogen compounds in the air, urban watershed, surface water runoff, and in a coastal receiving-water body. The model linkage is demonstrated by evaluating the potential water quality implications of reducing NOx emissions by 32%, volatile organic compound emissions by 51%, and ammonia emissions by 30%, representing changes from 1987 levels to proposed 2000 target levels in Los Angeles, California, USA. Simulations of the Los Angeles dry season during the summer of 1987 (June 1 to August 31) indicated that by reducing emissions from 1987 to proposed year 2000 levels, the dry deposition nitrogen loads to Santa Monica Bay and the Ballona Creek watershed were reduced 21.4% and 15.0%, respectively. Water quality modeling results indicated that dry season atmospheric load reductions to the Ballona Creek Estuary did not reduce chlorophyll-a levels or significantly raise nighttime dissolved oxygen levels because the magnitude of the reductions was negligible compared to non-atmospheric inputs of nitrogen compounds. Simulations of the time period from November 18, 1987 to December 4, 1987 during the Los Angeles wet season indicated that air emissions reductions produced an 18.6% reduction in the dry deposition nitrogen load to Santa Monica Bay, a 15.5% reduction in the dry deposition nitrogen load to the Ballona Creek watershed, a 16.8% reduction in the wet deposition nitrogen load to the Ballona Creek watershed, and a 16.1% reduction in the stormwater discharge load from the Ballona Creek watershed. Although the wet season load reductions are significant, modeling results of the ultimate effect on the Ballona Creek Estuary water quality were inconclusive. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp TSA4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp EET, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burian, SJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, 4190 Bell Engn Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. OI Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835; Burian, Steven/0000-0003-0523-4968 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1023/A:1016328822334 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574MN UT WOS:000176894300003 ER PT J AU Morris, SC Goldstein, GA Fthenakis, VM AF Morris, SC Goldstein, GA Fthenakis, VM TI NEMS and MARKAL-MACRO models for energy-environmental-economic analysis: A comparison of the electricity and carbon reduction projections SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB The Annual Energy Outlook forecasts published by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the Department of Energy are based on results from the National Energy Modeling system (NEMS). This paper compares NEMS, which is used only in the U.S., with the U.S. version of MARKAL-MACRO (USMM) model, which is used in more than thirty-five countries. The two models predict similar results for the base 1999 US Annual Energy Outlook (AEO), but their results with carbon constraints are quite different. The differences of the models and those of their predictions are explained. USMM can be used to provide an alternative and complementary approach to projections of renewable technologies penetration and their potential in reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the USA. C1 Int Resources Grp Washington, Washington, DC USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1023/A:1016332907313 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574MN UT WOS:000176894300005 ER PT J AU Boyd, GA Tolley, G Pang, J AF Boyd, GA Tolley, G Pang, J TI Plant level productivity, efficiency, and environmental performance of the container glass industry SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE malmquist index; marginal abatement costs; productivity ID DISTANCE FUNCTION-APPROACH; UNDESIRABLE OUTPUTS AB This paper presents a methodology and empirical results based on the Malmquist productivity index. We measure productivity while treating pollution as an undesirable output. Our estimates show that technical change has contributed to productivity and environmental performance growth in the container glass industry, an energy and pollution intensive sector. Changes in inter-plant efficiency over time have made this productivity growth more rapid than otherwise would have occurred with the underlying technical change. The efficiency estimates show that there are both opportunities to improve productivity and reduce pollution in this industry, as well as productivity losses associated with the emissions control. The shadow prices for NOx, the undesirable output we analyze, is quite high compared to other regulated sectors. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Boyd, GA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1023/A:1020236517937 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 593FU UT WOS:000177981000002 ER PT J AU Dai, M Kelley, JM Buesseler, KO AF Dai, M Kelley, JM Buesseler, KO TI Sources and migration of plutonium in groundwater at the Savannah River Site SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION-STATE; ORGANIC-CARBON; COLLOIDS; MOBILIZATION; ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; SEA AB The isotopic composition size distribution and redox speciation of plutonium (Pu) in the groundwater in the vicinity of the F area seepage basins at the U S Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS) were examined A low Pu-240/Pu-239 ratio in the upstream control well signifies a Pu source other than global fallout and indicates reactor produced Pu Elevated Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratios downstream from the seepage basins are due to the decay of transplutonium isotopes mainly Cm-244 to Pu-240 which were generated at the SRS Evidence suggests that the migration of basin released Pu isotopes is minor Rather it is the transplutonium isotopes that migrate preferentially downstream and in the process decay to yield progeny Pu isotopes Size fractionation studies with cross flow ultrafiltration show that <4% of the Pu-239 or Pu-240 IS found in the colloidal fraction a finding that is consistent with the higher Pu oxidation states observed in the SRS groundwater The observation of a low abundance of colloid associated Pu in SRS groundwater cannot be extrapolated to all sites but is in contrast to the conclusions of prior groundwater Pu studies at the SRS and elsewhere This work is unique in its application of a novel combination of sampling and processing protocols as well as its use of thermal ionization mass spectrometry for the detection of Pu isotopes This allows quantification of the Pu source terms and better determination of the ambient Pu size and redox speciation representative of in situ conditions. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Xiamen Univ, Marine Environm Lab, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Buesseler, KO (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM kbuesseler@whoi.edu RI Dai, Minhan/G-3343-2010 OI Dai, Minhan/0000-0003-0550-0701 NR 47 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 17 BP 3690 EP 3699 DI 10.1021/es020025t PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 591PH UT WOS:000177889100019 PM 12322739 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Navarro, AB Romanek, CS AF Rodriguez-Navarro, AB Romanek, CS TI Mineral fabrics analysis using a low-cost universal stage for X-ray diffractometry SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article DE microstructure; fabric analysis; texture; biomineralization ID MODEL AB A low-cost universal stage with an angular resolution of 1.8degrees is described below that can be mounted onto an ordinary powder X-ray diffractometer. The attachment is used to characterize the microstructure (orientation of mineral grains). Microstructures of polycrystalline materials of diverse origin (eggshell, tufa and mollusk shell) were characterized by registering the intensity of diagnostic lattice reflections for a particular mineral in three dimensional space using a polar coordinate plot (hemispherical projection). Pole figure distributions were used to decipher the potential growth mechanisms that produced the microstructures observed in these mineral aggregates. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Rodriguez-Navarro, AB (reprint author), Univ Granada, CSIC, Inst Andaluz Ciencias Tierra, Granada 18002, Spain. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 987 EP 992 DI 10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-0987 PG 6 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 599GW UT WOS:000178326600013 ER PT J AU Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W Stoitsov, MV AF Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W Stoitsov, MV TI Nuclear ground-state properties from mean-field calculations SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID DRIP-LINE NUCLEI; PARAMETRIZATION; DENSITIES; MATTER AB The volume and surface effects in the nuclear local energy density and the volume and surface components of the pairing interaction are discussed in the context of the mean-field, Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov description of atomic nuclei. Predictions of properties of exotic nuclei close to the particle drip lines are presented. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria. RP Dobaczewski, J (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 28 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10218-8 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500007 ER PT J AU Davids, B Austin, SM Bazin, D Esbensen, H Sherrill, BM Thompson, IJ Tostevin, JA AF Davids, B Austin, SM Bazin, D Esbensen, H Sherrill, BM Thompson, IJ Tostevin, JA TI Coulomb breakup of B-8 and the flux of B-8 neutrinos from the Sun SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID BE-7(P,GAMMA)B-8 CROSS-SECTION; ASTROPHYSICAL S-FACTOR; ART. NO. 055803; E2 TRANSITIONS; LOW ENERGIES; DISSOCIATION; GAMMA)B-8; BE-7(P; MEV/NUCLEON AB A kinematically complete measurement was made of the Coulomb dissociation of 813 nuclei on a Pb target at 83 MeV/nucleon. The cross-section was measured at low relative energies in order to infer the astrophysical S-factor for the Be-7(p,gamma)B-8 reaction. A first-order perturbation theory analysis of the reaction dynamics including E1, E2, and M1 transitions was employed to extract the El strength relevant to neutrino-producing reactions in the solar interior. By fitting the measured cross-section from E-rel = 130 keV to 400 keV, we find S-17(0) = 17.8(-1.2)(+1.4) eV b. Semiclassical 1st-order perturbation theory and fully quantum-mechanical continuum-discretized coupled- channels analyses yield nearly identical results for the E1 strength relevant to solar-neutrino flux calculations, suggesting that theoretical reaction mechanism uncertainties need not limit the precision of Coulomb-breakup determinations of the Be-7(p,gamma)B-8 S-factor. A recommended value of S-17(0) based on a weighted average of this and other measurements is presented. This recommendation implies a revised value for the theoretical flux of 8B solar neutrinos, which is also given. C1 Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Surrey, Sch Phys & Chem, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. RP Davids, B (reprint author), Kernfys Versneller Inst, Zernikelaan 25, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. RI Sherrill, Bradley/B-4098-2009; Sherrill, Bradley/B-3378-2011 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10227-7 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500015 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, KP AF Rykaczewski, KP TI New experimental results in proton radioactivity SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID DRIP-LINE; NPNN SCHEME; EMITTER; DECAY; NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; ISOMER; LU-151; STATES AB A review of experimental data obtained recently on proton-radioactive nuclei is presented. The highlights include the observation of fine structure in proton emission, for the decays of Eu-131, Tm-145 and Tm-146, and the studies of the excited states in proton-emitting nuclei. The observation limits are extended to few nanobarns cross-sections (Ho-140, Ir-164 and Eu-130) and few microsecond half-lives (e.g., Tm-145). Measured decay properties for thirty-nine proton-emitting ground and isomeric states contributed to the understanding of nuclear masses and evolution of single-particle states at and beyond the proton drip line. Experimental results have stimulated new theoretical approaches to proton emission and the structure of unbound narrow resonance states. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Rykaczewski, KP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10230-0 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500018 ER PT J AU Mahmud, H Davids, CN Woods, PJ Davinson, T Heinz, A Ressler, JJ Schmidt, K Seweryniak, D Shergur, J Sonzogni, AA Walters, WB AF Mahmud, H Davids, CN Woods, PJ Davinson, T Heinz, A Ressler, JJ Schmidt, K Seweryniak, D Shergur, J Sonzogni, AA Walters, WB TI New results on proton emission from odd-odd nuclei SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID FINE-STRUCTURE; RADIOACTIVITY; EMITTERS; EU-131; DECAY AB Kr-78 beams were used to bombard Ni-58, Mo-92 and Ru-96, producing three new, odd-odd, protonemitting isotopes, Eu-130, Ir-164m and Au-170. Preliminary experimental and theoretical results will be presented in this paper. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM mahmud@ph.ed.ac.uk RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10231-y PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500019 ER PT J AU Radford, DC Baktash, C Galindo-Uribarri, A Gross, CJ Lewis, TA Mueller, PE Hausladen, PA Shapira, D Stracener, DW Yu, CH Fuentes, B Padilla, E Hartley, DJ Barton, CJ Caprio, M Zamfir, NV AF Radford, DC Baktash, C Galindo-Uribarri, A Gross, CJ Lewis, TA Mueller, PE Hausladen, PA Shapira, D Stracener, DW Yu, CH Fuentes, B Padilla, E Hartley, DJ Barton, CJ Caprio, M Zamfir, NV TI Physics with heavy neutron-rich RIBs at the HRIBF SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB The Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has recently produced the world's first post-accelerated beams of heavy neutron-rich nuclei. The first experiments with these beam are described, and the results discussed. B(E2; 0(+) --> 2(+)) values for neutron-rich (121,128)Sn and (132,134,136)Te isotopes have been measured by Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. The results for (132)Te and (134)Te (N = 80, 82) show excellent agreement with systematics of lighter Te isotopes, but the B(E2) value for (136)Te (N = 84) is unexpectedly small. Single-neutron transfer reactions with a (134)Te beam on (nat)Be and (13)C targets at energies just above the Coulomb barrier have also been studied. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Radford, DC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM radford@mail.phy.ornl.gov RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011; radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 173 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10248-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500036 ER PT J AU Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Luo, XY Rasmussen, JO Jones, EF Zhang, XQ Zhu, SJ Gore, PM Ginter, TN Lee, IY Janssens, RVF Ahmed, I Cole, JD Greiner, W Ter-Akopian, G Oganessian, Y AF Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Luo, XY Rasmussen, JO Jones, EF Zhang, XQ Zhu, SJ Gore, PM Ginter, TN Lee, IY Janssens, RVF Ahmed, I Cole, JD Greiner, W Ter-Akopian, G Oganessian, Y TI New insights into neutron-rich nuclei at high spin SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID FISSION; EXCITATIONS; ISOTONES AB With new high statistic data, new isotopes and new high-spin structures axe observed in neutron-rich nuclei populated in the spontaneous fission of Cf-252. The Te-135 levels are extended, and many new levels in Ba-139,Ba-141 observed. The coexistence of collective and single particle-hole states is found in Te-135. The N = 83 Te-135 and Ba-139 show marked differences associated with differences in their particle and hole states. New levels in Ba-141 complete evidence for two opposite-parity doublets characteristic of stable octupole deformation. In Pd-114,Pd-116 a second backbend is observed for the first time in this mass region and the backbend in Pd-118 occurs earlier than in Pd112-116 because of a reduction in pairing. Gamma-type vibrational bands are seen up to 13(+) to 15(+) in Mo-104,Mo-106, Ru108-112, and Pd112-116. Their behavior reflects prolate to triaxial shapes in these nuclei. The levels of Gd-162,Gd-164 are observed for the first time. As N increases toward mid-shell at 104, the moments of inertia in N = 100 Gd-164 show an unexpected decrease compared to N = 98 Gd-162. The levels in Gd-162,Gd-164 form remarkable shifted identical bands with nuclei separated by 2n, 2p, alpha, and 2alpha. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37835 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. RP Hamilton, JH (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10249-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500037 ER PT J AU Korgul, A Mach, H Fogelberg, B Urban, W Kurcewiez, W Rzaca-Urban, T Hoff, P Gausemel, H Galy, J Durell, JL Phillips, WR Smith, AG Varley, BJ Schulz, N Ahmad, I Morss, LR Gorska, M Isakov, VI Erokhina, KI Blomqvist, J Andreozzi, F Coraggio, L Covello, A Gargano, A AF Korgul, A Mach, H Fogelberg, B Urban, W Kurcewiez, W Rzaca-Urban, T Hoff, P Gausemel, H Galy, J Durell, JL Phillips, WR Smith, AG Varley, BJ Schulz, N Ahmad, I Morss, LR Gorska, M Isakov, VI Erokhina, KI Blomqvist, J Andreozzi, F Coraggio, L Covello, A Gargano, A TI The neutron and proton two-particle nucleus Sb-134: New low-spin states observed in the decay of Sn-134 and an estimate of the energy of the 7(-) isomer SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID SPONTANEOUS FISSION; REGION AB Excited states in the Sb-134 nucleus, populated in the beta(-)-decay of Sn-134, have been studied at the mass separator OSIRIS. The Sn-134 activity was produced via fast neutron-induced fission of U-238 target. A main result was the discovery of a very low-lying first-excited state of Sb-134, at 13 keV, which has led to a strong revision of the level scheme. The new results are compared with different theoretical calculations and with the known data for the analogous neutron and proton two-particle nucleus in the Pb-208 region. On the basis of this comparison, the energy of the (pig(7/2)vf(7/2))(7-) isomer is estimated to be about 250 keV, some 100 keV lower than previously reported. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Uppsala Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, S-61182 Nykoping, Sweden. Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-00135 Oslo, Norway. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. CNRS, UMR7500, IN2P3, Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Russian Acad Sci, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys Frescati, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. RP Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Ul Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. EM anovak@fuw.edu.pl NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 184 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10250-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500038 ER PT J AU Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Iliev, S Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Ivanov, OV Buklanov, GV Subotic, K Voinov, AA Itkis, MG Moody, KJ Wild, JF Stoyer, NJ Stayer, MA Lougheed, RW Laue, CA AF Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Iliev, S Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Ivanov, OV Buklanov, GV Subotic, K Voinov, AA Itkis, MG Moody, KJ Wild, JF Stoyer, NJ Stayer, MA Lougheed, RW Laue, CA TI Synthesis of superheavy nuclei in the reactions of Pu-244 and Cm-248 with Ca-48 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID CA-48+PU-244 REACTION; ALPHA-DECAY; ELEMENTS; MODEL AB This paper presents results of the experiments aimed at producing long-lived superheavy elements located near the spherical-shell closures with Z greater than or equal to 114 and N greater than or equal to 172 in the Pu-244 + Ca-48 and (CM)-C-248 + Ca-48 reactions. The large measured a-particle energies of the newly observed nuclei, together with the long decay times and spontaneous fission terminating the chains, offer evidence of the decay of nuclei with high atomic numbers. The decay properties of the synthesized nuclei are consistent with the consecutive a-decays originating from the parent nuclides (288,289)114 and (292)116, produced in the 3n and 4n evaporation channels with cross-sections of about a picobarn. The present observations can be considered as experimental evidence of the existence of the "island of stability" of superheavy elements. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Utyonkov, VK (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. NR 19 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10254-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500042 ER PT J AU Herzberg, RD Amzal, N Bastin, JE Becker, F Brew, PMT Butler, PA Chewter, AJC Cocks, JFC Dorvaux, O Eskola, K Gerl, J Greenlees, PT Hammond, NJ Hauschild, K Helariutta, K Hessberger, F Houry, M Hurstel, A Humphreys, RD Jones, GD Jones, PM Julin, R Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Khoo, TL Korten, W Kuusiniemi, P Le Coz, Y Leino, M Leppanen, AP Lister, CJ Lucas, R Muikku, M Nieminen, P Page, RD Page, T Rahkila, P Reiter, P Schlegel, C Scholey, C Sletten, G Stezowski, O Theisen, C Trzaska, WH Uusitalo, J Wollersheim, HJ AF Herzberg, RD Amzal, N Bastin, JE Becker, F Brew, PMT Butler, PA Chewter, AJC Cocks, JFC Dorvaux, O Eskola, K Gerl, J Greenlees, PT Hammond, NJ Hauschild, K Helariutta, K Hessberger, F Houry, M Hurstel, A Humphreys, RD Jones, GD Jones, PM Julin, R Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Khoo, TL Korten, W Kuusiniemi, P Le Coz, Y Leino, M Leppanen, AP Lister, CJ Lucas, R Muikku, M Nieminen, P Page, RD Page, T Rahkila, P Reiter, P Schlegel, C Scholey, C Sletten, G Stezowski, O Theisen, C Trzaska, WH Uusitalo, J Wollersheim, HJ TI In-beam spectroscopy of No-253,No-254 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; SHELL STRUCTURE; ELEMENTS; FISSION; NO-254 AB In-beam conversion electron spectroscopy experiments have been performed on the transfermium nuclei No-253,No-254 using the conversion electron spectrometer SACRED in nearly collinear geometry in conjunction with the gas-filled separator RITU at the University of Jyvaskyla. The experimental setup is discussed and the spectra are compared to Monte Carlo simulations. The implications for the ground-state configuration of No-253 axe discussed. C1 Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPHN, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. GSI Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. CNRS, IN2P3, IRES Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Lyon, F-69037 Lyon, France. RP Herzberg, RD (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RI Gerl, Juergen/A-3255-2011; Hauschild, Karl/A-6726-2009; Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar/E-1558-2011; Houry, Michael/G-8021-2011; KORTEN, Wolfram/H-3043-2013; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015; OI Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022; KORTEN, Wolfram/0000-0002-3940-0816; Hammond, Neil/0000-0001-6390-8874; Butler, Peter/0000-0001-6080-9205 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10255-3 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500043 ER PT J AU Zganjar, EF Piechaczek, A Ball, GC Bricault, P D'Auria, JM Hardy, JC Hodgson, DF Iacob, V Klages, P Kulp, WD Leslie, JR Lipoglavsek, M Macdonald, JA Mak, HB Moltz, DM Savard, G von Schwarzenberg, J Svensson, CE Towner, LS Wood, JL AF Zganjar, EF Piechaczek, A Ball, GC Bricault, P D'Auria, JM Hardy, JC Hodgson, DF Iacob, V Klages, P Kulp, WD Leslie, JR Lipoglavsek, M Macdonald, JA Mak, HB Moltz, DM Savard, G von Schwarzenberg, J Svensson, CE Towner, LS Wood, JL TI Tests of the standard model from superallowed Fermi beta-decay studies: The (74)Rb beta-decay SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID GROUND-STATES; NUCLEI; KR-74 AB Precise measurements of the intensities of superallowed Fermi 0(+) --> 0(+)beta-decays have provided a powerful test of the CVC hypothesis at the level of 3 x 10(-4) and also led to a result in disagreement with unitarity for the CKM matrix at the 98% confidence level. It is essential to address possible trivial explanations for the apparent non-unitarity such as uncertainties in the isospin symmetry-breaking corrections. We have carefully studied the (74)Rb --> (74)Kr beta-decay in order to measure the non-analog beta-decay branching to the 0(+) state at 508 keV in (74)Kr. We have determined that this branching is < 3 X 10(-4), far smaller than any published theoretical estimate. We also show that high-precision, complete spectroscopy, measuring the major beta-branches to excited 0(+) and 1(+) states, must be performed if one is to obtain a meaningful branching ratio to the excited 0(+) state and concomitantly deal, in a substantial way, with the possibility of 0(+) feeding to an array of 1(+) states. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Queens Univ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Zganjar, EF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM zganjar@rouge.phys.lsu.edu NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10259-y PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500048 ER PT J AU Vetter, K AF Vetter, K TI Gamma-ray tracking: Utilizing new concepts in the detection of gamma-radiation SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID GRETA AB Gamma-ray tracking in a closed array of highly segmented HPGe detectors is a new concept for the detection of gamma-radiation. Each of the interacting gamma-rays is identified and separated by measuring the energies and positions of individual interactions and by applying tracking algorithms to reconstruct the scattering sequences, even if many gamma-rays hit the array at the same time. The three-dimensional position and the energy of interactions are determined by using two-dimensionally segmented Ge detectors along with pulse-shape analysis of the signals. Such a detector will have new and much improved capabilities compared to current gamma-ray spectrometer. One implementation of this concept, called GRETA (Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking Array), is currently being under development at LBNL. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vetter, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1140/epja/i2001-10265-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500054 ER PT J AU Davids, CN AF Davids, CN TI Refereed and selected contributions from the 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses - ENAM2001 - July 2-7, 2001 - Hameenlinna, Finland - Concluding remarks SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses CY JUL 02-07, 2001 CL HAMEENLINNA, FINLAND SP Univ Jyvaskyla, Acad Finland, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Davids, CN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1-2 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 623DR UT WOS:000179688500057 ER PT J AU Dandoloff, R Saxena, A AF Dandoloff, R Saxena, A TI Skyrmions on an elastic cylinder SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGICAL SOLITONS AB For a spin-polarized electron-gas on an elastic cylinder in an external axial magnetic field and an axial electric field we find that the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation is the double sine-Gordon (DSG) equation with an exact 2pi-skyrmion solution. The DSC skyrmion is stabilized, without Coulomb repulsion, by the curvature of the cylinder. It adopts a characteristic length xi which is smaller than the radius of the cylinder. For an elastic cylinder this mismatch of length scales causes a deformation of the cylinder in the region of the skyrmion. C1 Univ Cergy Pontoise, Lab Phys Theor & Modelisat, F-95031 Cergy Pontoise, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dandoloff, R (reprint author), Univ Cergy Pontoise, Lab Phys Theor & Modelisat, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, F-95031 Cergy Pontoise, France. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD SEP PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2 BP 265 EP 267 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2002-00298-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 611UR UT WOS:000179036600023 ER PT J AU Allanach, BC Battaglia, M Blair, GA Carena, M De Roeck, A Dedes, A Djouadi, A Gerdes, D Ghodbane, N Gunion, J Haber, HE Han, T Heinemeyer, S Hewett, JL Hinchliffe, I Kalinowski, J Logan, HE Martin, SP Martyn, HU Matchev, KT Moretti, S Moortgat, F Moortgat-Pick, G Mrenna, S Nauenberg, U Okada, Y Olive, KA Porod, W Schmitt, M Su, S Wagner, CEM Weiglein, G Wells, J Wilson, GW Zerwas, P AF Allanach, BC Battaglia, M Blair, GA Carena, M De Roeck, A Dedes, A Djouadi, A Gerdes, D Ghodbane, N Gunion, J Haber, HE Han, T Heinemeyer, S Hewett, JL Hinchliffe, I Kalinowski, J Logan, HE Martin, SP Martyn, HU Matchev, KT Moretti, S Moortgat, F Moortgat-Pick, G Mrenna, S Nauenberg, U Okada, Y Olive, KA Porod, W Schmitt, M Su, S Wagner, CEM Weiglein, G Wells, J Wilson, GW Zerwas, P TI The Snowmass Points and Slopes: benchmarks for SUSY searches SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; HIGGS BOSONS; MSSM; SUPERGRAVITY; BREAKING; MASS; PROGRAM; TEV AB The "Snowmass Points and Slopes" (SPS) are a set of benchmark points and parameter lines in the MSSM parameter space corresponding to different scenarios in the search for Supersymmetry at present and future experiments. This set of benchmarks was agreed upon at the 2001 "Snowmass Workshop on the Future of Particle Physics" as a consensus based oil different existing proposals. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Montpellier 2, LPMT, F-34000 Montpellier, France. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, HET Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Oster Akad Wissensch, Inst Hochenergiephys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. Univ Zurich, Inst Theor Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM Georg.Weiglein@durham.ac.uk RI Kalinowski, Jan/D-8627-2013; OI Mrenna, Stephen/0000-0001-8731-160X; Olive, Keith/0000-0001-7201-5998; Han, Tao/0000-0002-5543-0716; Allanach, Benjamin/0000-0003-4635-6830 NR 62 TC 525 Z9 525 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD SEP PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1007/s10052-002-0949-3 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 598NX UT WOS:000178283800009 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Anzivino, G Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Chiarini, M Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Nemoz, C Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Crittenden, J Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Ayad, R Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Paganis, S Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Bednarek, B Grabowska-Bold, I Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Mindur, B Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Derrick, M Drews, G Fourletova, J Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gussche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Martinez, M Moritz, M Notz, D Pellmann, IA Petrucci, MC Polini, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Surrow, B Wessoleck, H Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A McGance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wicks, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Bashkirov, V Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Schagen, S Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tunin, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Adamczyk, L Heaphy, EA Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Barberis, E Heusch, C Lockman, W Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Williams, DC Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kohno, T Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Lamberti, L Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhr, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lane, JB Lightwood, MS Loizides, JH West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Anzivino, G Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Chiarini, M Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Nemoz, C Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Crittenden, J Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Ayad, R Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Paganis, S Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Bednarek, B Grabowska-Bold, I Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Mindur, B Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Derrick, M Drews, G Fourletova, J Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gussche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Martinez, M Moritz, M Notz, D Pellmann, IA Petrucci, MC Polini, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Surrow, B Wessoleck, H Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A McGance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wicks, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Bashkirov, V Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Schagen, S Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tunin, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Adamczyk, L Heaphy, EA Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Barberis, E Heusch, C Lockman, W Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Williams, DC Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kohno, T Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Lamberti, L Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhr, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lane, JB Lightwood, MS Loizides, JH West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of the Q(2) and energy dependence of diffractive interactions at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; REAR CALORIMETER; CROSS-SECTION; LOW X; PHOTOPRODUCTION; DISSOCIATION; CONSTRUCTION; DESIGN AB Diffractive dissociation of virtual photons, gamma*p --> Xp, has beer, studied ill ep interactions with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The data cover photon virtualities 0.17 < Q(2) < 0.70 GeV and 3 < Q(2) < 80 GeV2 with 3 < M-X < 38 GeV, where M-X is the mass of the hadronic final state. Diffractive events were selected by two methods: the first required the detection of the scattered proton in the ZEUS leading proton spectrometer (LPS); the second was based on the distribution of M-X. The integrated luminosities of the low- and high-Q(2) samples used in the LPS-based analysis are similar or equal to 0.9 pb(-1) and similar or equal to 3.3 pb(-1), respectively. The sample used for the M-X-based analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of similar or equal to 6.2 pb(-1). The dependence of the diffractive cross section on W, the virtual photon-proton centre-of-mass energy. and on Q(2) is studied. In the low-Q(2) range, the energy dependence is compatible with Regge theory and is used to determine the intercept of the Pomeron trajectory. The W dependence of the diffractive cross section exhibits no significant change from the low-Q(2) to the high-Q(2) region. In the low-Q range, little Q(2) dependence is found, a significantly different behaviour from the rapidly falling cross section measured for Q(2) > 3 GeV2. The ratio of the diffractive to the virtual photon-proton total cross sect ion is studied as a function of W and Q(2). Comparisons are made with a model based oil perturbative QCD. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Inst Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013 OI Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418 NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD SEP PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 169 EP 187 DI 10.1007//s10052-002-1003-1 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 598NY UT WOS:000178283900001 ER PT J AU Gutowski, M Dabkowska, I Rak, J Xu, S Nilles, JM Radisic, D Bowen, KH AF Gutowski, M Dabkowska, I Rak, J Xu, S Nilles, JM Radisic, D Bowen, KH TI Barrier-free intermolecular proton transfer in the uracil-glycine complex induced by excess electron attachment SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID THEORETICAL AB-INITIO; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL METHODS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GAS-PHASE; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; RADICAL CATIONS; WATER CLUSTERS; BASIS-SETS AB The photoelectron spectra (PES) of anions of uracil-glycine and uracil-phenylalanine complexes reveal broad features with maxima at 1.8 and 2.0 eV. The results of ab initio density functional B3LYP and second order Moller-Plesset theory calculations indicate that the excess electron occupies a pi* orbital localized on uracil. The excess electron attachment to the complex can induce a barrier-free proton transfer (BFPT) from the carboxylic group of glycine to the O8 atom of uracil. As a result, the four most stable structures of the anion of uracil-glycine complex can be characterized as the neutral radical of hydrogenated uracil solvated by the anion of deprotonated glycine. The similarity between the PES spectra for the uracil complexes with glycine and phenylalanine suggests that the BFPT is also operative in the case of the latter anionic species. The BFPT to the O8 atom of uracil may be related to the damage of nucleic acid bases by low energy electrons because the O8 atom is involved in a hydrogen bond with adenine in the standard Watson-Crick pairing scheme. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 63 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD SEP PY 2002 VL 20 IS 3 BP 431 EP 439 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2002-00168-1 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 606FM UT WOS:000178723700014 ER PT J AU Bruck, HA Casem, D Williamson, RL Epstein, JS AF Bruck, HA Casem, D Williamson, RL Epstein, JS TI Characterization of short duration stress pulses generated by impacting laminated carbon-fiber/epoxy composites with magnetic flyer plates SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE short duration stress pulses; magnetic flyer plates; laminated carbon-fiber/epoxy composites ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; FRACTURE; DAMAGE; MOIRE AB Short duration stress pulses are of particular interest in determining the interfacial crack tip instability criteria for the dynamic fracture behavior of laminated carbon-fiber/epoxy composites. However, the heterogeneous architectures of laminated composites can alter the characteristics of a stress pulse as it propagates toward a crack tip. This makes it difficult to use standard dynamic testing techniques for characterizing these materials, since these techniques assume the characteristics of the stress pulse do not change as a result of propagation and can therefore be unambiguously determined from impact conditions. This paper presents a novel experimental technique that has been developed for characterizing short duration stress pulse propagation in laminated composite materials. In this technique, a dynamic moire interferometer is used to capture fringe patterns corresponding to displacement fields associated with short duration stress pulses that were generated by impacting 0 and 90degrees/0degrees/90degrees carbon-fiber/epoxy composites with a magnetic flyer plate. Appropriate dynamic testing conditions for capturing high fidelity fringe patterns were determined using the recently developed dynamic moire fringe contrast factor. The effects of the composite architecture on the propagation of short duration stress pulses observed with the dynamic moire interferometer were confirmed by transient dynamic finite element analysis. From comparisons of experimental and numerical data, it was determined that the impact conditions for the magnetic flyer plate and laminated composite will not necessarily be planar, which has a significant effect on the intensity and duration of the propagating stress pulse. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Bruck, HA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Williamson, Richard/0000-0001-7734-3632 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 279 EP 287 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 599JQ UT WOS:000178331300007 ER PT J AU Huesemann, MH AF Huesemann, MH TI The inherent biases in environmental research and their effects on public policy SO FUTURES LA English DT Article ID CONTEMPORARY WORLDVIEWS; RISK AB Three types of bias: personal, institutional, and socio-cultural, will be examined together with their effects on public policy. Personal bias exists whenever a scientist, instead of being solely motivated by the search for empirical truth, tries to gain a personal benefit or advantage from research results or is unduly influenced by ideological commitments. Institutional bias occurs because "every institution directs its activities to the perpetuation of its own power and to a narrow range of objectives and missions" (Barbour IG, Technology, environment, and human values. New York: Praeger, 1980). Socio-cultural bias in Western industrialized society is reflected by the fact that most research is narrowly focused only on the mechanistic understanding of natural phenomena, a bias which arose from the discovery that mechanistic knowledge enhances the 'control' and exploitation of nature. Based on a detailed analysis of each kind of bias, it will be shown that self-interest, whether that of an individual scientist, a funding institution, or an entire society, is the primary cause of bias in environmental research. In general, the greater the stakes, the greater the distortion of objectivity, and the greater the likelihood that environmental policies are biased in favor of the entity that is afflicted by the excessive self-interest. Finally, a number of recommendations are given on how to minimize each type of bias and thereby maximize the effectiveness of environmental policies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Huesemann, MH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-3287 J9 FUTURES JI Futures PD SEP PY 2002 VL 34 IS 7 BP 621 EP 633 AR PII S0016-3287(02)00004-6 DI 10.1016/S0016-3287(02)00004-6 PG 13 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 587BW UT WOS:000177621500003 ER PT J AU Rajaraman, S Davis, WS Mahakali-Zama, A Evans, HK Russell, LB Bedell, MA AF Rajaraman, S Davis, WS Mahakali-Zama, A Evans, HK Russell, LB Bedell, MA TI An allelic series of mutations in the Kit ligand gene of mice. I. Identification of point mutations in seven ethylnitrosourea-induced Kitl(Steel) alleles SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID STEM-CELL FACTOR; ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; GROWTH-FACTOR; C-KIT; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; MOUSE; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; FORMS AB An allelic series of mutations is an extremely valuable genetic resource for understanding gene function. Here we describe eight mutant alleles at the Steel (Sl) locus of mice that were induced with N-ethyl-N-nitro-sourea (ENU). The product of the Sl locus is Kit ligand (or Kid; also known as mast cell growth factor, stem cell factor, and Steel factor), which is a member of the helical cytokine superfamily and is the ligand for the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase. Seven of the eight ENU-induced Kitl(Sl) alleles, of which five cause missense mutations, one causes a nonsense mutation and exon skipping, and one affects a splice site, were found to contain point mutations in Kitl Interestingly, each of the five missense mutations affects residues that are within, or very near, conserved a-helical domains of Kitl. These ENU-induced mutants should provide important information on structural requirements for function of Kid and other helical cytokines. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bedell, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, B416 Life Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM bedell@arches.uga.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1ES8048/0524-I119A1] NR 53 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2002 VL 162 IS 1 BP 331 EP 340 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 599YT UT WOS:000178363400027 PM 12242244 ER PT J AU Rajaraman, S Davis, WS Mahakali-Zama, A Evans, HK Russell, LB Bedell, MA AF Rajaraman, S Davis, WS Mahakali-Zama, A Evans, HK Russell, LB Bedell, MA TI An allelic series of mutations in the Kit ligand gene of mice. II. Effects of ethylnitrosourea-induced Kitl point mutations on survival and peripheral blood cells of Kitl(Steel) mice SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID STEEL MUTANT MICE; C-KIT; MALE-FERTILITY; TRANSMEMBRANE; ACTIVATION; DEFICIENCY; DELETION; LOCUS; MOUSE AB The ligand for the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase is Kit ligand (Kitl; also known as mast cell growth factor, stem cell factor, and Steel factor), which is encoded at the Steel So locus of mice. Previous studies revealed that Kitts' mutations have semidominant effects; mild pigmentation defects and macrocytic, hypoplastic anemia occur in heterozygous mice, and more severe pigmentation defects and anemia occur in homozygotes. Lethality also occurs in mice homozygous for severe Kitl(Sl) mutations. We describe the effects of seven new N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced Kitl(Sl) mutations and two previously characterized severe Kitl(Sl) mutations on pigmentation, peripheral blood cells, and mouse survival. Mice heterozygous for each of the nine mutations had reduced coat pigmentation and macrocytosis of peripheral blood. In the case of some of these mutations, however, red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and hematocrits were normal in heterozygotes, even though homozygotes exhibited severely reduced RBC counts and lethality. In homozygous mice, the extent of anemia generally correlates with effects on viability for most Kitl(Sl) mutations; i.e., most mutations that cause lethality also cause a more severe anemia than that of mutations that allow viability. Interestingly, lethality and anemia were not directly correlated in the case of one Kitl(Sl) mutation. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bedell, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, B416 Life Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1ES8048/0524-I119A1] NR 25 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD SEP PY 2002 VL 162 IS 1 BP 341 EP 353 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 599YT UT WOS:000178363400028 PM 12242245 ER PT J AU Powell, JA Gardner, AE Bais, AJ Hinze, SJ Baker, E Whitmore, S Crawford, J Kochetkova, M Spendlove, HE Doggett, NA Sutherland, GR Callen, DF Kremmidiotis, G AF Powell, JA Gardner, AE Bais, AJ Hinze, SJ Baker, E Whitmore, S Crawford, J Kochetkova, M Spendlove, HE Doggett, NA Sutherland, GR Callen, DF Kremmidiotis, G TI Sequencing, transcript identification, and quantitative gene expression profiling in the breast cancer loss of heterozygosity region 16q24.3 reveal three potential tumor-suppressor genes SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; 16q24.3; LOH; tumor suppressor ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHROMOSOME ARM 16Q; HUMAN GENOME; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MUTATION ANALYSIS; MESSENGER-RNA; ALLELIC LOSS; CELL-LINES; GROWTH AB Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 16q24.3 is a common genetic alteration observed in invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas. We constructed a physical map and generated genomic DNA sequence data spanning 2.4 Mb in this region. Detailed in silico and in vitro analyses of the genomic sequence data enabled the identification of 104 genes. It was hypothesized that tumor-suppressor genes would exhibit marked mRNA expression variability in a panel of breast cancer cell lines as a result of downregulation due to mutation or hypermethylation. We examined the mRNA expression profiles of the genes identified at 16q24.3 in normal breast, a normal breast epithelial cell line, and several breast cancer cell lines exhibiting 16q24.3 LOH. Three of the genes, CYBA, Hs.7970, and CBFA2T3, exhibited variability ten times higher than the baseline. The possible role of these genes as tumor suppressors is discussed. C1 Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Cytogenet & Mol Genet, Ctr Med Genet, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Genet, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Paediat, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Bionom Ltd, Thebarton, SA 5031, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kremmidiotis, G (reprint author), Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Cytogenet & Mol Genet, Ctr Med Genet, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. EM gkremmid@bionomics.com.au RI Sutherland, Grant/D-2606-2012; Callen, David/G-1975-2012; Crawford, Joanna /F-9135-2013; OI Crawford, Joanna /0000-0003-0786-6889; Callen, David/0000-0002-6189-9991 NR 48 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD SEP PY 2002 VL 80 IS 3 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1006/geno.2002.6828 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 589RM UT WOS:000177774200009 PM 12213200 ER PT J AU Schlegel, ML Nagy, KL Fenter, P Sturchio, NC AF Schlegel, ML Nagy, KL Fenter, P Sturchio, NC TI Structures of quartz (10(1)over-bar-0)- and (10(1)over-bar-1)-water interfaces determined by X-ray reflectivity and atomic force microscopy of natural growth surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; ALPHA-QUARTZ; AB-INITIO; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; METAL (HYDR)OXIDES; LOW-TEMPERATURES; WATER INTERFACE; BASIC SOLUTION AB The structures of prismatic (10 (1) over bar0) and pyramidal (10 (1) over bar1) growth faces of natural quartz crystals, and their modification upon annealing at T less than or equal to 400degreesC were investigated ex situ by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and in water by high-resolution X-ray reflectivity. AFM images revealed the presence of similar to 0.1 to 1 mum-wide flat terraces delimited by steps of one to several unit cells in height. These steps follow approximately directions given by the intersection of growth faces. Modeling of X-ray reflectivity data indicates that surface silica groups on flat terraces have only one free Si-O bond each (presumably hydroxylated), except for some having two free Si-O bonds observed on a single (10 (1) over bar0) surface. Vertical relaxation of atomic positions (< 0.4 Angstrom for terminal oxygens and < 0.2 Angstrom for silicon and oxygen atoms fully coordinated to structural tetrahedra) is limited to a depth of 14 Angstrom. Electron density profiles for all measured interfaces are consistent with a single layer of adsorbed water, with no evidence for additional organization of water molecules into distinct layers extending into the bulk solution. Similar interfacial structures were observed for natural and annealed surfaces of identical crystallographic orientation, indicating that extensive reconstruction of the silica network at the quartz surface did not occur under the annealing conditions. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Nagy, KL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, 399 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kathryn.nagy@colorado.edu NR 73 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 17 BP 3037 EP 3054 AR PII S0016-7037(02)00912-2 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00912-2 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 592WV UT WOS:000177960600004 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM Kennedy, DW Liu, CX Duff, MC Hunter, DB Dohnalkova, A AF Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM Kennedy, DW Liu, CX Duff, MC Hunter, DB Dohnalkova, A TI Influence of Mn oxides on the reduction of uranium(VI) by the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; MANGANESE REDUCTION; ELECTRON-ACCEPTORS; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; OUTER-MEMBRANE; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; CHROMIUM(III) OXIDATION; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION AB The potential for Mn oxides to modify the biogeochemical behavior of U during reduction by the subsurface bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32 was investigated using synthetic Mn(III/IV) oxides (pyrolusite [beta-MnO2], bixbyite [Mn2O3] and K+-birnessite [K4Mn14O27 . 8H(2)O]). In the absence of bacteria, pyrolusite and bixbyite oxidized biogenic uraninite (UO2[s]) to soluble U(VI) species, with bixbyite being the most rapid oxidant. The Mn(III/IV) oxides lowered the bioreduction rate of U(VI) relative to rates in their absence or in the presence of gibbsite (AI[OH](3)) added as a non-redox-reactive surface. Evolved Mn(II) increased with increasing initial U(VI) concentration in the biotic experiments, indicating that valence cycling of U facilitated the reduction of Mn(III/IV). Despite an excess of the Mn oxide, 43 to 100% of the initial U was bioreduced after extended incubation. Analysis of thin sections of bacterial Mn oxide suspensions revealed that the reduced U resided in the periplasmic space of the bacterial cells. However, in the absence of Mn(III/IV) oxides, UO2(s) accumulated as copious fine-grained particles external to the cell. These results indicate that the presence of Mn(III/IV) oxides may impede the biological reduction of U(VI) in sub-soils and sediments. However, the accumulation of U(IV) in the cell periplasm may physically protect reduced U from oxidation, promoting at least a temporal state of redox disequilibria. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN P7-50,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; OI Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X NR 72 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 10 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2002 VL 66 IS 18 BP 3247 EP 3262 AR PII S0016-7037(02)00928-6 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00928-6 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 594BW UT WOS:000178029700007 ER PT J AU Edenborn, HM Brickett, LA Chaiken, RF AF Edenborn, HM Brickett, LA Chaiken, RF TI Determination of trace element stability in sediments using redox gel probes: Probe construction and theoretical performance SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE coal mine drainage; early diagenesis; manganese oxide; redox gel probes; sediments; wetlands ID MANGANESE OXIDES; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PORE-WATERS; RESOLUTION; IRON; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; BACTERIA; DIALYSIS AB A simple and inexpensive technique is described that can be used to assess the stability of redox-sensitive compounds in the sediments of wetlands and other shallow water environments. In this method, solid redox-sensitive compounds, such as manganese dioxide (MnO2), are incorporated into agar gels held in rigid plastic holders. One surface of the gel remains exposed along the length of the resulting probe. The probes are pushed vertically into sediments and are left in situ for a period of time (days to weeks), after which they are visually inspected and chemically analyzed. The diffusion of nonreactive solutes (e.g., sulfate) in 2% (wt/vol) agar was unaffected by the presence of immobilized MnO2 particles. The rate of dissolution of particulate MnO2 in agar gels in the presence of an external diffusing reductant (L-ascorbic acid) could be quantified by digital analysis of pixel density on gel images. Redox gel probes incubated in the sediment of a wetland built to remove manganese from circumneutral pH coal mine drainage demonstrated different patterns of depth-dependent MnO2 stability along a 15-m transect. MnO2 gel probe results were consistent with data obtained using sediment cores and porewater diffusion samplers. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NIOSH, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Edenborn, HM (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Mail Stop 83-226,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 465 EP 483 DI 10.1080/01490450290098441 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 602PB UT WOS:000178512700001 ER PT J AU Edenborn, HM Brickett, LA AF Edenborn, HM Brickett, LA TI Determination of manganese stability in a constructed wetland sediment using redox gel probes SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alabandite; coal mine drainage; early diagenesis; iron monosulfide; manganese; manganese oxide; redox gel probes; rhodochrosite; sediments; wetlands ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; MINE DRAINAGE WETLAND; PORE-WATER; IRON; LAKE; RESOLUTION; REDUCTION; RETENTION; FE; MN AB Redox gel probes containing immobilized particulate manganese compounds (MnO2, MnCO3, and MnS) were placed on a surveyed grid in the sediment of a wetland receiving coal mine drainage in western Pennsylvania (USA). The stability of these compounds in the wetland was shown to be highly variable both temporally and spatially, indicating that apparent manganese removal based on water quality data did not result in long-term manganese retention in sediments. Contour maps of the gel probe data revealed the importance of local environmental conditions, such as surface water velocity, on geochemical conditions influencing manganese compound stability in sediments, as well as seasonal changes in the ability of the wetland to retain MnO2 in sediments. Estimates of in situ MnO2 reduction rates using gel probe data agree with earlier published estimates based on laboratory studies. Although the factors influencing particulate metal stability in sediments are extremely complex and difficult to study, the redox gel probe method is demonstrated to be a cost-effective means of obtaining an areal and depth-related picture of that stability during a particular period of time. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Edenborn, HM (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Mail Stop 83-226,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 485 EP 504 DI 10.1080/01490450290098450 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 602PB UT WOS:000178512700002 ER PT J AU Das, K Becker, A Lee, KH AF Das, K Becker, A Lee, KH TI Experimental validation of the wavefield transform of electromagnetic fields SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION AB The wavefield transform is a mathematical technique for transforming low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) signals to a non-diffusive wave domain. The ray approximation is valid in the transform space and this makes traveltime tomography for 3D mapping of the electrical conductivity distribution in the subsurface possible. The transform, however, imposes stringent frequency bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio requirements on the data. Here we discuss a laboratory scale experiment designed to collect transform quality EM data, and to demonstrate the practical feasibility of transforming these data to the wavefield domain. We have used the scalable nature of EM fields to design a time-domain experiment using graphite blocks to simulate realistic field conditions while leaving the time scale undisturbed. The spatial dimensions have been scaled down by a factor of a thousand by scaling conductivity up by a factor of a million. The graphite blocks have two holes drilled into them to carry out cross-well and borehole-to-surface experiments. Steel sheets have been inserted between the blocks to simulate a conductive layer. Our experiments show that accurate EM data can be recorded on a laboratory scale model even when the scaling of some features, such as drill-hole diameters, is not maintained. More importantly, the time-domain EM data recorded in cross-well and surface-to-borehole modes can be usefully and accurately transformed to the wavefield domain. The observed wavefield propagation delay is proportional to the direct distance between the transmitter and receiver in a homogeneous medium. In a layered medium, data accuracy is reduced and, hence, our results are not so conclusive. On the basis of the experimental results we conclude that the wavefield transform could constitute a valid approach to the interpretation of accurate, undistorted time-domain data if further improvement in the transform can be realized. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khlee@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0016-8025 EI 1365-2478 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 441 EP 451 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2478.2002.00333.x PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 588GV UT WOS:000177694500002 ER PT J AU Kasper, JC Lazarus, AJ Gary, SP AF Kasper, JC Lazarus, AJ Gary, SP TI Wind/SWE observations of firehose constraint on solar wind proton temperature anisotropy SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSHEATH; INSTABILITY AB [1] The proton resonant firehose instability may arise in collisionless plasmas in which the proton velocity distribution is approximately bi-Maxwellian with T-parallel top/T-perpendicular top > 1, where perpendicular to and parallel to denote directions relative to the background magnetic field B-o. Linear theory and one-dimensional simulations predict that enhanced field fluctuations from the proton resonant firehose instability impose a constraint on proton temperature anisotropies of the form 1 - T-perpendicular top/T-parallel top = Sp/beta(parallel top)(alphap) where beta(parallel top) = 8 pin(p)k(B)Tparallel to(p) /B-o(2), and the fitting parameters S-p similar to 1 and alpha(p) similar or equal to 0.7. Observations from the Wind spacecraft are reported here. These measurements show for the first time with a comprehensive plasma and magnetic field data set that this constraint is statistically satisfied in the solar wind near 1 AU, with best-fit values of S-p = 1.21 +/- 0.26 and alpha(p) = 0.76 +/- 0.14. C1 MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kasper, JC (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010 OI Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X NR 13 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 17 AR 1839 DI 10.1029/2002GL015128 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 635KF UT WOS:000180397500020 ER PT J AU von Savigny, C Davis, AB Funk, O Pfeilsticker, K AF von Savigny, C Davis, AB Funk, O Pfeilsticker, K TI Time-series of zenith radiance and surface flux under cloudy skies: Radiative smoothing, optical thickness retrievals and large-scale stationarity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRATOCUMULUS AB [1] Cloudy sky zenith radiance time-series covering spatial scales a few meters up to 200-400 km measured by a ground-based photometer at 753 nm are investigated with 2nd-order structure functions, and compared to broad-band short-wave column transmittance. A previously reported scale break occurs at scales on the order of the vertical cloud extension due to radiative smoothing (i.e., lateral photon transport by diffusion in optically thick clouds). We use simulated radiance and flux fields for 3D clouds to explain why optical depths can be extracted with reasonable accuracy from surface fluxes by using 1D radiative transfer theory at large-enough scales. We also show clear evidence of a transition from nonstationary to stationary behavior, i.e., a scale break, occurring at spatial scales of a few tens of kilometers. We argue that this qualitative change in the correlations of remotely observed radiation fields is likely to carry over to the most highly variable inherent cloud property, namely optical depth. C1 York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Umweltphys, INF 36, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. RP von Savigny, C (reprint author), York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, 4700 Keele St, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RI von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 17 AR 1825 DI 10.1029/2001GL014153 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 635KF UT WOS:000180397500006 ER PT J AU Wolinski, C Gokhale, M McCabe, K AF Wolinski, C Gokhale, M McCabe, K TI A polymorphous computing fabric SO IEEE MICRO LA English DT Article AB A new computing fabric is well suited to digital signal processing and image processing applications. The authors describe its implementation on a system on a programmable chip. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Rennes, Rennes, France. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wolinski@lanl.gov RI McCabe, Kevin/H-3381-2013 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1732 EI 1937-4143 J9 IEEE MICRO JI IEEE Micro PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 BP 56 EP 68 DI 10.1109/MM.2002.1044300 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 603RR UT WOS:000178574100016 ER PT J AU Lo, CCH Lee, SJ Li, L Kerdus, LC Jiles, DC AF Lo, CCH Lee, SJ Li, L Kerdus, LC Jiles, DC TI Modeling stress effects on magnetic hysteresis and Barkhausen emission using a hysteretic-stochastic model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE Barkhausen effect modeling; hysteresis modeling; magnetoelastic coupling; stress effect ID FERROMAGNETIC HYSTERESIS; DYNAMICS AB A magnetic model has been developed which provides a self-consistent description of the effects of stress on hysteresis loop and Barkhausen effect (BE) signals. The BE signal was calculated based on the hysteretic-stochastic process model of domain wall dynamics, which has been extended to include the magnetomechanical effect. For comparison, hysteresis loops and BE signals were measured in materials subjected to various tensile and compressive stresses within the elastic limit. The stress dependence of the modeled BE signals and hysteresis loop properties such as coercivity and remanence was found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lo, CCH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2418 EP 2420 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.803612 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200179 ER PT J AU Fischer, P Denbeaux, G Eimuller, T Goll, D Schutz, G AF Fischer, P Denbeaux, G Eimuller, T Goll, D Schutz, G TI Magnetic imaging with soft X-ray microscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE magnetic domains; magnetic multilayered films; magnetization reversal; X-ray imaging ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; 25 NM; DOMAINS AB Recent achievements in magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy are reviewed. The magnetic contrast is given by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, i.e., the dependence of the absorption coefficient of circularly polarized X-rays on the projection of the magnetization in a ferromagnetic system onto the photon propagation direction. A lateral resolution down at 25 nm is provided by Fresnel zone plates used as optical elements. Recording the images in varying external magnetic fields, inherent chemical specificity, a high sensitivity to thin magnetic layers due to the large contrast, and the possibility to distinguish between in-plane and out-of plane contributions allows detailed studies of magnetization reversal processes in magnetic patterned elements and thin films. Micromagnetic simulations support the experimental findings. The potential to study spin dynamics will be briefly outlined. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. LBNL, CXRO, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fischer, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2427 EP 2431 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.803608 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200182 ER PT J AU Leib, JS Lo, CCH Snyder, JE Jiles, DC Pecharsky, VK Schlagel, DS Lograsso, TA AF Leib, JS Lo, CCH Snyder, JE Jiles, DC Pecharsky, VK Schlagel, DS Lograsso, TA TI Magnetic force microscopy characterization of unusual magnetic coupling in an extraordinarily responsive magnetic material SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE magnetic force microscopy (MFM); magnetic materials; magnetic measurements; rare earths AB Gd-5(Si2Ge2) and related compounds with similar (nearly equal Si-to-Ge ratio) composition exhibit large magnetoresponsive properties including a giant magnetocaloric effect, colossal magnetostriction, and giant magnetoresistance near a structural-magnetic phase transition that occurs close to ambient temperature [I]. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements on single-crystal samples of these materials indicate that the easy magnetization axis is the b-axis of the orthorhombic magnetic phase-perpendicular to the slabs. In fact, the MFM image of a surface perpendicular to the b-axis is quite similar to domain patterns perpendicular to the easy axis of Co and other highly anisotropic magnetic materials. Therefore, it appears that Gd-5(SxGe1-x)(4) may require modeling similar to other multilayers and superlattices of rare-earth metals with one or more nonmagnetic constituents that exhibit long-range magnetic order across nonmagnetic layers. Many of the important phenomena of these Gd compounds could be explained by the interaction of localized Gd magnetic moments across the covalent bonding between atomic slabs, adapting models already suggested for other similar materials [2]. C1 Iowa State Univ, Met & Ceram Sci Div, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Leib, JS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Met & Ceram Sci Div, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2447 EP 2449 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.503587 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200188 ER PT J AU Barmak, K Kim, J Ristau, RA Lewis, LH AF Barmak, K Kim, J Ristau, RA Lewis, LH TI Ferrornagnetic exchange-spring nanocomposites of Al+L1(0) CoPt SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE A1+L1(0) CoPt; exchange spring; nanocomposites; permanent magnets; thin films ID THIN-FILMS; COERCIVITY AB "Natural" ferromagnetic exchange-spring nanocomposite thin films have been synthesized from sputter-deposited CoPt. Depending upon the details of the annealing treatment, e films consist of two phases in varying proportions: the chemically disordered A1 phase with low coercivity and the chemically ordered L1(0) phase with high coercivity. Transmission electron microscopy studies reveal (111) fiber texture formation accompanying grain growth in the annealed films and further show that each grain is comprised, on average, of six chemically ordered domains. Magnetic studies show single-phase magnetic character, signaling robust interphase exchange coupling, and indicate that the coercivity development becomes more pinning controlled as the volume fraction of high-coercivity L1(0) phase increases. The increase of domain wall pinning with increased L1(0) content is attributed to the microstructure of the L1(0)-ordered phase, which contains nanoscale defects such as antiphase, c-axis variant, and grain boundaries that are a source of effective pinning sites for the narrow (similar to5 nm) domain walls found in L1(0) CoPt. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Accurel Syst Int, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Barmak, K (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Barmak, Katayun/A-9804-2008 OI Barmak, Katayun/0000-0003-0070-158X NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2799 EP 2801 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.803107 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200299 ER PT J AU Diaz, J Hamdan, N Jalil, P Hussain, Z Valvidares, SM Alameda, JM AF Diaz, J Hamdan, N Jalil, P Hussain, Z Valvidares, SM Alameda, JM TI Understanding the magnetic anisotropy in Fe-Si amorphous alloys SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE amorphous materials; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic films; X-ray spectroscopies ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FERROMAGNETS; FILMS AB The origin of the magnetic anisotropy in a very disordered Fe-Si alloy has been investigated. The alloy containing 40% at. Si was prepared in the form of a thin film in a dc magnetron sputtering chamber. Structural disorder was obtained from extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The uniformity and lack of inhomogeneities at a microscopic level was checked by measuring their transverse magnetic susceptibility and hysteresis loops. The orbital component of the magnetic moment was measured by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. The orbital moment was extraordinary high, 0.4mu(B). Such a high value contrasted with the relatively small uniaxial anisotropy energy of the thin film (2 kJ/m(3)). This suggests that the cause of the magnetic anisotropy in this alloy was a small degree of correlation in the orientation of the local orbital moments along a preferential direction. C1 Univ Oviedo, Dept Fis, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Synchrotron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Diaz, J (reprint author), Univ Oviedo, Dept Fis, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain. RI Diaz, Javier/F-2381-2016; Valvidares, Secundino /M-4979-2016 OI Valvidares, Secundino /0000-0003-4895-8114 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2811 EP 2813 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.803566 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200303 ER PT J AU Pasquale, M Sasso, CP Besseghini, S Villa, E Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL AF Pasquale, M Sasso, CP Besseghini, S Villa, E Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL TI Magnetic and mechanical properties of Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE magnetic shape memory alloys; magneto-elastic; materials and magnetostriction; martensite twins; Ni-Mn-Ga ID FERROMAGNETIC SHAPE-MEMORY; FIELD-INDUCED STRAIN; NI2MNGA; SYSTEM AB A method is presented to obtain large field-induced strain in NiMnGa-oriented single crystals. The magneto-mechanical results here presented are measured on an oriented single crystal of composition Ni50Mn29.5Ga20.5 with {100} and {110} faces. The method relies on the stress-strain characterization of the sample. Once a repeatable pseudoplastic behavior is obtained by a sequence of mechanical cycles and thermal treatments, a combination of stress and magnetic field is applied, achieving a 1.2% irreversible strain by applying a 450 kA/m magnetic field along the (100) direction and maintaining a (100) stress value to about 12.5 MPa. C1 Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, I-10135 Turin, Italy. CNR, TeMPE Sez Lecco, I-23900 Lecco, Italy. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pasquale, M (reprint author), Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RI Pasquale, Massimo/I-8390-2012; Besseghini, Stefano/J-3451-2013; Sasso, Carlo/G-4591-2015 OI Pasquale, Massimo/0000-0002-8336-1391; Besseghini, Stefano/0000-0002-2818-9402; Sasso, Carlo/0000-0002-5715-7688 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2847 EP 2849 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802477 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200315 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Kenkel, JM Jiles, DC AF Lee, SJ Kenkel, JM Jiles, DC TI Design of permanent-magnet field source for rotary-magnetic refrigeration systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE finite-element modeling; magnetic fields; magnetic refrigeration; permanent magnets ID FLUX SOURCES AB Magnetic refrigeration based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is a prime candidate for the next generation of cooling systems because it is energy-efficient and environmentally safe. The essential components of magnetic refrigeration are the magnetic field generator and the magnetocaloric material. The cooling power of these devices generally increases as the strength of magnetic field and the MCE of magnetic refrigerant material increase. In order to generate sufficient magnetic field strength, a permanent-magnet array (PMA) can be used. This can be made in a compact form and does not require an external power supply. A PMA based on the Halbach rotation theorem has been designed and constructed for a rotary-magnetic refrigeration system. The magnetic field for a side-opening PMA was over 3 tesla with an air gap of 5.8 mm. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 9 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2991 EP 2993 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.803193 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200362 ER PT J AU Hsiao, A McHenry, ME Laughlin, DE Kramer, MJ Ashe, C Ohkubo, T AF Hsiao, A McHenry, ME Laughlin, DE Kramer, MJ Ashe, C Ohkubo, T TI The thermal, magnetic, and structural characterization of the crystallization kinetics of Fe88Zr7B4Cu1, an amorphous soft magnetic ribbon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE activation energy; crystallization kinetics; differential scanning calorimetry; NANOPERM; vibrating sample magnetometry; X-ray diffractometry ID NANOCRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; ALLOYS AB The characterization of the crystallization kinetics of an amorphous soft magnetic alloy, Fe88Zr7B4Cu1, called NANOPERM, is presented. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray diffractometry, and differential scanning calorimetry have been used to observe crystallization kinetics. The VSM observations take advantage of the Curie temperature of the amorphous phase T-e,T-amorphous of the NANOPERM alloy being below its primary crystallization temperature T-x1. This allows for the volume of nanocrystals transformed in the crystallization process to be inferred magnetically, as well as thermally and structurally. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model for isothermal crystallization kinetics is compared with the Kissinger model for nonisothermal crystallization kinetics using data gathered from the three characterization methods. Linear regression and nonlinear regression analysis of crystallization data for NANOPERM ribbon and the significance of the values that describe them, namely, the activation energy Q and the morphology index n are investigated for isothermal and constant-heating crystallization. The activation energy for NANOPERM ribbon is presented here to be in the range of Q = 2.8-3.4 eV, with the crystallization kinetics proceeding by three-dimensional diffusion and immediate nucleation, where the morphology index is n = 1.5. A time constant to account for initial nonisothermal conditions during isothermal heating is introduced and determined to be tau = 120-200 s. C1 Ecole Normale Super, UMR CNRS, SATIE, F-94235 Cachan, France. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Hsiao, A (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, UMR CNRS, SATIE, F-94235 Cachan, France. RI McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 NR 9 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 3039 EP 3044 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802434 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200377 ER PT J AU Han, M Paulsen, JA Snyder, JE Jiles, DC Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL AF Han, M Paulsen, JA Snyder, JE Jiles, DC Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL TI Thermal expansion of single-crystal Gd-5(Si1.95Ge2.05) showing unusual first-order transformation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag Europe 2002) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 2002 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE first-order transformation; hysteresis; phase transitions; single crystal; thermal expansion AB Measurements of thermal expansion of single-crystal Gd-5(Si1.95Ge2.05) during cooling and heating were conducted for the first time. A very steep change in strain with temperature was observed when the material underwent a phase transformation. This was an unusual simultaneous magnetic and structural phase transformation from a ferromagnet with an orthorhombic crystal structure below the transition temperature T-c to a paramagnet with a monoclinic crystal structure above T-c. This transition temperature T-c was found to depend on whether the material was being cooled or heated. In the absence of a magnetic field, T-c was 267 K on cooling and 269 K on heating. However, when the material was subjected to a magnetic induction B in the range 0-2.5 tesla (T), the transition temperatures, on both cooling and heating were found to increase linearly with temperature by about 4.8 K/T. This rate of change of transition temperature with magnetic field was in good agreement with calculations based on the assumption that the additional energy due to the magnetic field can suppress the thermal vibration of Gd atoms and that the additional thermal energy per Gd atom needed to cause the phase transition to occur is equal to the additional magnetic energy of each Gd atom caused by the magnetic field. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mghan@iastate.edu; japaulsen@iastate.edu NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 3252 EP 3254 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802508 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VE UT WOS:000178867200442 ER PT J AU White, DA Koning, JM AF White, DA Koning, JM TI Computing solenoidal eigenmodes of the vector Helmholtz equation: A novel approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE eigenvalues; electromagnetic fields; finite-element methods; numerical analysis; resonant cavities ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD COMPUTATION; FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; EDGE-ELEMENTS AB This paper presents a novel method for computing solenoidal eigenmodes and the corresponding eigenvalues of the vector Helmholtz equation. The method employs both vector and scalar finite-element basis functions to yield a discrete generalized eigenvalue problem that can be solved by standard iterative techniques. The technique is applicable for analysis of three-dimensional inhomogeneous resonant cavities. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Engn Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP White, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dwhite@llnl.gov; koning@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 3420 EP 3425 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2002.802734 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 608VF UT WOS:000178867300004 ER PT J AU DiAntonio, CB Williams, FA Pilgrim, SM Schulze, WA AF DiAntonio, CB Williams, FA Pilgrim, SM Schulze, WA TI An investigation into the spectral analysis of dielectric aging in ferroelectrics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-PBTIO3-(BA,SR)TIO3 CERAMICS; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-BASED CERAMICS; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; HARMONIC-ANALYSIS; NIOBATE AB Aging and degradation indicate the time-dependent change of physical and electrical properties. Most studies neglect to, report the effects of aging on the electromechanical properties of an electroactive material and subsequent deterioration of performance. Recent work has shown that the strain and polarization response of an electroactive device can be transformed into its harmonic spectrum (transformation from the time domain to the frequency domain) through the implementation of Fourier analysis. The ability to create this harmonic spectrum provides a new way to characterize the effects of aging by revealing subtle changes in the fundamental components that comprise the response. This study shows how Fourier analysis can be applied to an aged PMN-PT-BT composition to characterize and quantify the effects of aging. The average weak-field permittivity is measured as a function of time, temperature, and frequency. A typical "saddle" in the permittivity and dielectric loss is apparent, and the magnitude decays logarithmically with time. Harmonic analysis of the strain response reveals a slight time-dependent amplitude variation and logarithmic dependence of the phase of the 6th order harmonic. Similar analysis of the polarization response, as a function of time, fully characterizes the development of constriction or wasting seen in a typical aged electrostrictive material. Variations in the amplitudes of the 5th and higher order harmonics of polarization, logarithmic in nature, and the phase of the 5th order harmonic combine to define aging on the harmonic level. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Alfred Univ, New York State Coll Ceram, Lab Elect Ceram, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. RP DiAntonio, CB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, Adv Mat Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD SEP PY 2002 VL 49 IS 9 BP 1330 EP 1339 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1041550 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 594VG UT WOS:000178071600016 PM 12243584 ER PT J AU Zhao, D Little, JC Hodgson, AT AF Zhao, D Little, JC Hodgson, AT TI Modeling the reversible, diffusive sink effect in response to transient contaminant sources SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE indoor air; diffusion; emission; sorption; volatile organic compounds ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AIR-POLLUTANTS; EMISSIONS; CHAMBERS; CARPETS AB A physically based diffusion model is used to evaluate the sink effect of diffusion-controlled indoor materials and to predict the transient contaminant concentration in indoor air in response to several time-varying contaminant sources. For simplicity, it is assumed the predominant indoor material is a homogeneous slab, initially free of contaminant, and the air within the room is well mixed. The model enables transient volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations to be predicted based on the material/air partition coefficient (K ) and the material-phase diffusion coefficient (D ) of the sink. Model predictions are made for three scenarios, each mimicking a realistic situation in a building. Styrene, phenol, and naphthalene are used as representative VOCs. A styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) backed carpet, vinyl flooring (VF), and a polyurethane foam (PUF) carpet cushion are considered as typical indoor sinks. In scenarios involving a sinusoidal VOC input and a double exponential decaying input, the model predicts the sink has a modest impact for SBR/styrene, but the effect increases for VF/phenol and PUF/naphthalene. In contrast, for an episodic chemical spill, SBR is predicted to reduce the peak styrene concentration considerably. A parametric study reveals for systems involving a large equilibrium constant (K ), the kinetic constant (D ) will govern the shape of the resulting gas-phase concentration profile. On the other hand, for systems with a relaxed mass transfer resistance, K will dominate the profile. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Little, JC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Little, John/B-4154-2009; Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD SEP PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 184 EP 190 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.01116.x PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 590ML UT WOS:000177826600005 PM 12244748 ER PT J AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV TI Netlets for end-to-end delay minimization in distributed computing over the Internet using two-paths SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHMS AB In a number of distributed computing applications, messages must be transmitted on demand between processes running at different locations on the Internet. The end-to-end delays experienced by the messages have a significant "random" component due to the complicated nature of network traffic. We propose a method based on delay-regression estimation to achieve low end-to-end delays for message transmissions in distributed computing applications. Two-paths are realized between various communicating processes in a transparent manner. Our scheme is implemented over the Internet by a network of NetLets, which communicate with one another to maintain an accurate "state" of delay-regressions in the network. NetLets handle all network traffic between the processes and also perform routing at a certain level depending on the underlying network. We present experimental results to illustrate that NetLets provide a viable and practical means for achieving low end-to-end delays for distributed computing applications over the Internet. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 627LH UT WOS:000179934300008 ER PT J AU Rivard, JDK Blue, CA Orinher, EK Harper, DC Jayaraman, N AF Rivard, JDK Blue, CA Orinher, EK Harper, DC Jayaraman, N TI A novel method for nickel sheet fabrication SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article ID POWDER AB Nickel sheet was produced by liquid phase sintering using a high-density infrared source. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using this technique for producing sheet materials. In this study, nickel sheet was used for process demonstration and development. Nickel sheet was produced from a roll compacted precursor by densification using a plasma arc tamp. Alternating cold roll and lamp scans were performed to obtain a final sheet thickness of 0.25mm. As-rolled sheet was annealed at three different lamp power settings to demonstrate control of grain size and mechanical properties. The mechanical properties and microstructures of annealed sheets were compared to commercially available sheet in the annealed condition. Analysis showed that sheet produced by the high-density infrared source had a similar grain size and mechanical properties as commercially produced sheet. The processing times were a fraction of those required for conventional roll/sinter operations. Processing times could be reduced further by full densification of a green sheet compacted in a single pass. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Infrared Proc Ctr, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rivard, JDK (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, POB 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER POWDER METALLURGY INST PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0888-7462 J9 INT J POWDER METALL JI Int. J. Powder Metall. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 38 IS 6 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 598PL UT WOS:000178285300010 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, GR Sayer, AM Littlefield, LG AF Hoffmann, GR Sayer, AM Littlefield, LG TI Higher frequency of chromosome aberrations in late-arising first-division metaphases than in early-arising metaphases after exposure of human lymphocytes to X-rays in G(0) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION; FATE; FISH AB Purpose: To determine whether metaphases arising at different times after mitogen stimulation of G, lymphocytes differ in frequencies of X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations. Materials and methods: Human G(0) lymphocytes from peripheral blood exposed to 0, 1.5 or 3.0 Gy X-rays were stimulated to divide with the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). First-division metaphases were distinguished from second and third divisions by chromatid labelling with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and staining with Giemsa or DAPI. Cultures harvested 48, 70 and 94 h after mitogen stimulation were analysed for unstable aberrations on Giemsa-stained slides and for stable and unstable aberrations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with painting probes for chromosomes 1, 2 and 4. Results: Frequencies of aberrations declined at the later culture periods, as expected oil the basis of unstable aberrations being lost in mitotic division. When scoring was restricted to first-division metaphases, however, aberration frequencies were higher in 94-h cultures than in 48-h cultures. Conclusions: Frequencies of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in first-division metaphases increase with culture time after mitogen stimulation Possible explanations for this finding are a delay of damaged cells in mitogenic response or progression through divisions and heterogeneity among lymphocytes in culture kinetics and radiosensitivity. The data argue against the common assumption that all first-division cells are equivalent as indicators of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. C1 Coll Holy Cross, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Div Med Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hoffmann, GR (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CP3-0573] NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 78 IS 9 BP 765 EP 772 DI 10.1080/09553000210152962 PG 8 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 596JN UT WOS:000178161700003 PM 12428917 ER PT J AU Lennox, AJ Shafer, JP Hatcher, M Beil, J Funder, SJ AF Lennox, AJ Shafer, JP Hatcher, M Beil, J Funder, SJ TI Pilot study of impedance-controlled microcurrent therapy for managing radiation-induced fibrosis in head-and-neck cancer patients SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE microcurrent therapy; neutrons; radiation; side effects; head-and-neck cancer AB Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of impedance-controlled microcurrent therapy for managing treatment sequelae in head-and-neck cancer patients. Methods and Materials: Between January 1998 and June 1999, 26 patients who were experiencing late effects of radiotherapy were treated b.i.d. with impedance-controlled microcurrent therapy for I week. Objective range-of-motion measurements were made for cervical rotation, extension/flexion, and lateral flexion before therapy, at the end of each treatment day, and monthly for 3 months. In addition, each patient's subjective complaints were tabulated before treatment and reevaluated at the last follow-up visit. No additional physical therapy or electrical stimulation was permitted during the follow-up period. Results: At the end of the course of microcurrent therapy, 92% of the 26 patients exhibited improved cervical rotation, 85% had improved cervical extension/flexion, and 81% had improved cervical lateral flexion. Twenty-two patients returned for the 3-month follow-up visit. Of these, 91% had maintained a cervical rotation range of motion greater than their pretherapy measurements. Eighty-two percent maintained improved cervical extension/flexion and 77% maintained improved lateral flexion. When the range-of-motion measurements were stratified by pretreatment severity (severe, moderate, mild, or asymptomatic), the degree of improvement directly correlated with the severity. Thus, patients who had more severe initial symptoms experienced a higher percentage of improvement than did those with milder symptoms. For these patients, the cervical rotation range of motion changed from a baseline of 59degrees +/- 12degrees to 83degrees +/- 14degrees at 3 months; flexion/extension improved from 47degrees +/- 10degrees to 73degrees +/- 13degrees; and lateral flexion went from 31degrees +/- 7degrees to 48degrees +/- 9degrees. Some patients also reported symptom improvement for tongue mobility, facial asymmetry, xerostomia, cervical/facial muscle spasms, trismus, and soft tissue tenderness. No adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Impedance-controlled microcurrent therapy shows promise for remediation of range-of-motion limitations arising as late effects of radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer. Additional studies are needed to validate these preliminary results and to optimize the microcurrent treatment protocol, particularly with respect to treatment schedules and combining microcurrent therapy with physical and/or drug therapy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Provena Midwest Inst Neutron Therapy, Batavia, IL USA. SJ Funder & Associates, Crown Point, IN USA. RP Lennox, AJ (reprint author), Fermilab Neutron Therapy Facil, POB 500,Mail Stop 301, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 AR PII S0360-3016(02)02898-5 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(02)02898-5 PG 12 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 589VH UT WOS:000177780900004 PM 12182971 ER PT J AU Starzec, P Tsang, CF AF Starzec, P Tsang, CF TI Use of fracture-intersection density for predicting the volume of unstable blocks in underground openings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 Swedish Geotech Inst, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Geol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Starzec, P (reprint author), Swedish Geotech Inst, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 39 IS 6 BP 807 EP 813 AR PII S1365-1609(02)00046-1 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00046-1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 603UT UT WOS:000178579500009 ER PT J AU Obst, AW Alrick, KR Boboridis, K Buttler, WT Marshall, BR Payton, JR Wilke, MD AF Obst, AW Alrick, KR Boboridis, K Buttler, WT Marshall, BR Payton, JR Wilke, MD TI Ellipsometry in the study of dynamic material properties SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics CY SEP 26-28, 2001 CL AUSTRIAN FOUNDRY RES INST, LEOBEN, AUSTRIA SP Tech Univ Graz, Univ Leoben HO AUSTRIAN FOUNDRY RES INST DE ellipsometry; emissivity; infrared; pyrometry AB Measurements of the time-dependent absolute temperature of surfaces shocked using high explosives (HE) provide valuable constraints on the equations-of-state (EOS) of materials and on the state of ejecta from those surfaces. In support of these dynamic surface temperature measurements, techniques for measuring the dynamic surface emissivity of shocked metals in the near infrared (IR) are being developed. These consist of time-dependent laser ellipsometric measurements, using several approaches. A discussion of these ellipsometric techniques is included here. Ellipsometry permits an accurate determination of the dynamic emissivity at a given wavelength, and may also provide a signature of melt in shocked metals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. RP Obst, AW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1259 EP 1266 AR UNSP 0195-928X/02/0900-1259/0 DI 10.1023/A:1019800522340 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 585LK UT WOS:000177526100013 ER PT J AU Richter, B AF Richter, B TI Dealing with terror SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94305 USA. RP Richter, B (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 605JT UT WOS:000178675300001 ER PT J AU Bienenstock, A AF Bienenstock, A TI A fair deal for federal research at universities SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. White House Off, Washington, DC 20500 USA. RP Bienenstock, A (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 605JT UT WOS:000178675300020 ER PT J AU Villagrasa, C Boudard, A David, JC Donadille, L Ducret, JE Fernandez, B Legrain, R Leray, S Volant, C Wlazlo, W Armbruster, P Enqvist, T Hammache, F Jurado, B Helariutta, K Schmidt, KH Summerer, K Ricciardi, MV Vives, F Bacri, CO Bernas, M Berthier, B Ferran, L Audouin, L Mustapha, B Rejmund, F Stephan, C Taieb, J Tassan-Got, L Benlliure, J Casarejos, E Fernandez, M Pereira, J Czajkowski, S Karamanis, D Pravikoff, M George, J Mewaldt, RA Yanasak, N Wiedenbecks, M Connel, J Faestermann, T Heinz, A Junghans, A AF Villagrasa, C Boudard, A David, JC Donadille, L Ducret, JE Fernandez, B Legrain, R Leray, S Volant, C Wlazlo, W Armbruster, P Enqvist, T Hammache, F Jurado, B Helariutta, K Schmidt, KH Summerer, K Ricciardi, MV Vives, F Bacri, CO Bernas, M Berthier, B Ferran, L Audouin, L Mustapha, B Rejmund, F Stephan, C Taieb, J Tassan-Got, L Benlliure, J Casarejos, E Fernandez, M Pereira, J Czajkowski, S Karamanis, D Pravikoff, M George, J Mewaldt, RA Yanasak, N Wiedenbecks, M Connel, J Faestermann, T Heinz, A Junghans, A TI Residual nuclei produced by spallation reactions SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Structural Materials for Hybrid Systems CY OCT 29-31, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS; LIQUID-HYDROGEN TARGET; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEI; CARBON TARGETS; FE-56; FRAGMENTATION; COLLISIONS; YIELDS; HELIUM; BEAMS AB A precise knowledge of all the isotopes produced in spallation reactions is necessary to predict induced radioactivity and chemical modifications in spallation targets. Experimental data recently obtained using the reverse kinematics technique are presented. New, more complete, preliminary experimental results on the Fe+p system are shown. These measurements of residual nuclei production in iron can be used directly to assess changes and damage created by spallation in an ADS metallic window. C1 CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. IPN, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela 15706, Spain. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Villagrasa, C (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, Batiment 703,Orme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Leray, Sylvie/A-3924-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Junghans, Arnd/D-4596-2012; Beatriz, Fernandez-Dominguez/I-2631-2015; Casarejos, Enrique/A-5865-2015; Hammache, Fairouz/K-6132-2016; Benlliure, Jose/K-8407-2014 OI Leray, Sylvie/0000-0002-1942-2911; Beatriz, Fernandez-Dominguez/0000-0001-7859-2438; Casarejos, Enrique/0000-0001-5066-3644; Benlliure, Jose/0000-0002-5114-1298 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD SEP PY 2002 VL 12 IS PR8 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1051/jp4:20020323 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 607QA UT WOS:000178801200006 ER PT J AU Schreck, SJ Faller, WE Robinson, MC AF Schreck, SJ Faller, WE Robinson, MC TI Unsteady separation processes and leading edge vortex precursors: Pitch rate and Reynolds number influences SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Fluids 2000 Conference CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID LAMINAR SEPARATION; AIRFOIL; FLOW AB A NACA 0015 airfoil was pitched at constant rate through static stall to elevated angles of attack. Time-dependent shear stress measurements were performed near the airfoil leading edge. Using these data, unsteady boundary layer processes preceding leading edge vortex emergence were characterized for a broad range of nondimensional pitch rate and Reynolds number. In addition, steady data were acquired and examined to furnish a baseline for analysis and comparison. Overall, the analyses revealed a progression of events culminating in leading edge vortex emergence. Analyses allowed the independent influences of nondimensional pitch rate and Reynolds number upon this progression to be ascertained and inferences to be drawn regarding the structure of the resulting local flowfield. C1 Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Appl Simulat Techno, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 USA. Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schreck, SJ (reprint author), Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 868 EP 875 DI 10.2514/2.3007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 603NK UT WOS:000178565800017 ER PT J AU Hestekin, JA Lin, YP Frank, JR Snyder, SW St Martin, EJ AF Hestekin, JA Lin, YP Frank, JR Snyder, SW St Martin, EJ TI Electrochemical enhancement of glucose oxidase kinetics: Gluconic acid production with anion exchange membrane reactor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electrically assisted; gluconic acid; immobilized enzymes; product removal ID ENZYME C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hestekin, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Snyder, Seth/0000-0001-6232-1668 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1049 EP 1052 DI 10.1023/A:1020973318261 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 610FH UT WOS:000178949700015 ER PT J AU Hochbauer, T Misra, A Nastasi, M Mayer, JW AF Hochbauer, T Misra, A Nastasi, M Mayer, JW TI Physical mechanisms behind the ion-cut in hydrogen implanted silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-LAYER EXFOLIATION; RECOIL DETECTION ANALYSIS; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; POINT-DEFECTS; SUBSTRATE; GAAS; DEPENDENCE; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; SI AB Hydrogen implanted silicon has been shown to cleave upon annealing, thus facilitating the transfer of thin silicon slices to other substrates, a process known as "ion-cut." In our experiments <100> silicon wafers were implanted with 40 keV protons to a variety of ion doses ranging from 1x10(16) to 1x10(17) cm(-2) and subsequently annealed at 600 degreesC. The samples were studied before and after annealing by a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy in channeling mode, elastic recoil detection analysis, atomic force microscopy, and electron microscopy. Mechanical stresses in the material, caused by proton irradiation, were determined by measuring changes in curvature of the silicon samples utilizing a laser scanning setup. For H doses of greater than or equal to5x10(16) cm(-2) ion cutting in the form of "popping off" discrete blisters was obtained. Our analyses of the cleavage mechanisms had shown that the ion-cut location in silicon is largely controlled by the lattice damage that is generated by the H implantation process. At lower H doses, the location of the cut correlates well with the damage peak and can be explained by damage induced in-plane stress and the corresponding elastic out-of-plane strain. However, at higher implantation doses the ion-cut location shifts toward a deeper region, which contains lower damage and a sufficient concentration of H. This effect can be explained by a rapid decrease of the elastic out-of-plane strain coinciding with changing fracture mechanics at high H concentrations in heavily damaged silicon. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Hochbauer, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 39 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2335 EP 2342 DI 10.1063/1.1494844 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585WX UT WOS:000177548500018 ER PT J AU Ogi, H Kawasaki, Y Hirao, M Ledbetter, H AF Ogi, H Kawasaki, Y Hirao, M Ledbetter, H TI Acoustic spectroscopy of lithium niobate: Elastic and piezoelectric coefficients SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RESONANCE METHOD; CONSTANTS; ULTRASOUND; TANTALATE; COMPOSITE AB We report simultaneous measurement of the complete set of elastic and piezoelectric coefficients of lithium niobate (LiNbO3), which has trigonal crystal symmetry (3m point group) and thus six independent elastic-stiffness coefficients C-ij, four piezoelectric coefficients e(ij), and two dielectric coefficients kappa(ij). We used a single specimen: an oriented rectangular parallelepiped about 5 mm in size. Our measurement method, acoustic spectroscopy, focuses on the crystal's macroscopic resonance frequencies and is sensitive to any property that affects those frequencies. We overcame the principal obstacle to precise measurements-mode misidentification-by using laser-Doppler interferometry to detect the displacement distribution on a vibrating surface. This approach yields unambiguous mode identification. We used 56 resonances ranging in frequency from 0.3 to 1.2 MHz and determined the C-ij and e(ij) with known kappa(ij). The ten unknowns always converged to the same values even with unreasonable initial guesses. The C-ij uncertainty averages 0.09% for the diagonal C-ij. The e(ij) uncertainty averages 5%. All our coefficients fall within the (surprisingly wide) error limits of previous (conventional) measurements. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. EM ogi@me.es.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2451 EP 2456 DI 10.1063/1.1497702 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585WX UT WOS:000177548500036 ER PT J AU Cui, Y Groza, M Hillman, D Burger, A James, RB AF Cui, Y Groza, M Hillman, D Burger, A James, RB TI Study of surface recombination velocity of Cd1-xZnxTe radiation detectors by direct current photoconductivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD DISTRIBUTION; CRYSTALS AB The surface recombination velocity of a Cd1-xZnxTe (CZT) radiation detector treated by mechanical polishing and by a standard 5% bromine in methanol chemical etch is reported. The light power dependence of the surface recombination velocity was measured using dc photoconductivity. The results reveal that the surface recombination velocity is a function of the electron generation rate, which can be described by a Shockley-Read one-center model. It was observed that the surface recombination velocity of the CZT detector treated by polishing only is much larger than that treated with polishing followed by chemical etching. The correlation of dc photoconductivity and low-temperature photoluminescence measurements of the CZT detector is also discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cui, Y (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2556 EP 2560 DI 10.1063/1.1497696 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585WX UT WOS:000177548500054 ER PT J AU Wright, AF AF Wright, AF TI Substitutional and interstitial carbon in wurtzite GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; DOPED GAN; GALLIUM VACANCIES; NATIVE DEFECTS; ACCEPTOR; HYDROGEN; FILMS AB First-principles theoretical results are presented for substitutional and interstitial carbon in wurtzite GaN. Carbon is found to be a shallow acceptor when substituted for nitrogen (C-N) and a shallow donor when substituted for gallium (C-Ga). Interstitial carbon (C-I) is found to assume different configurations depending on the Fermi level: A site at the center of the c-axis channel is favored when the Fermi level is below 0.9 eV (relative to the valence band maximum) and a split-interstitial configuration is favored otherwise. Both configurations produce partly filled energy levels near the middle of the gap, and C-I should therefore exhibit deep donor behavior in p-type GaN and deep acceptor behavior in n-type GaN. Formation energies for C-N, C-Ga, and C-I are similar, making it likely that C-N acceptors will be compensated by other carbon species. C-Ga is predicted to be the primary compensating species when growth occurs under N-rich conditions while channel C-I is predicted to be the primary compensating species under Ga-rich growth conditions. Self-compensation is predicted to be more significant under Ga-rich growth conditions than under N-rich conditions. Experimental evidence for self-compensation is discussed. Four carbon complexes are discussed. C-N-V-Ga is found to be unstable when the Fermi level is above the middle of the gap due to the high stability of gallium vacancies (V-Ga). The C-N-V-Ga complex was previously suggested as a source of the broad 2.2 eV luminescence peak often observed in n-type GaN. The present results indicate that this is unlikely. The C-I-C-N complex is capable of forming in carbon doped GaN grown under Ga-rich conditions if the mobility of the constituents is high enough. Experimental evidence for its existence is discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM afwrigh@sandia.gov NR 40 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 6 U2 41 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2575 EP 2585 DI 10.1063/1.1498879 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585WX UT WOS:000177548500056 ER PT J AU Batalin, VA Bugaev, AS Gushenets, VI Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Kolomiets, AA Kuibeda, RP Kulevoy, TV Oks, EM Pershin, VI Petrenko, SV Seleznev, DN Yushkov, GY AF Batalin, VA Bugaev, AS Gushenets, VI Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Kolomiets, AA Kuibeda, RP Kulevoy, TV Oks, EM Pershin, VI Petrenko, SV Seleznev, DN Yushkov, GY TI Electron-beam enhancement of the metal vapor vacuum arc ion source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMAS AB We report detailed investigations of the electron-beam metal vapor vacuum arc (E-MEVVA) ion source. The experiments were performed in Moscow and Tomsk with nearly the same design of ion sources. We recently reported the first conclusive demonstration of electron-beam enhancement of MEVVA performance using lead and bismuth cathodes, which yielded maximum ion charge states of Pb7+ and Bi8+ for E-MEVVA, as compared to Pb2+ and Bi2+ for conventional MEVVA operation. In this article we report extensive results for additional cathode materials, further details of the Moscow and Tomsk ion sources, and a discussion of electron beam effects on E-MEVVA performance. These results can be considered as a proof of the E-MEVVA principle. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Batalin, VA (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RI Oks, Efim/A-9409-2014; Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Oks, Efim/0000-0002-9323-0686; Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2884 EP 2889 DI 10.1063/1.1498956 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 585WX UT WOS:000177548500104 ER PT J AU Cross, M Xiao, ZG Maes, EM Czernuszewicz, RS Drew, SC Pilbrow, JR George, GN Wedd, AG AF Cross, M Xiao, ZG Maes, EM Czernuszewicz, RS Drew, SC Pilbrow, JR George, GN Wedd, AG TI Removal of a cysteine ligand from rubredoxin: assembly of Fe2S2 and Fe(S-Cys)(3)(OH) centres SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE rubredoxin; mutant proteins; Clostridium pasteurianum ID IRON-SULFUR CLUSTER; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM RUBREDOXIN; RESONANCE RAMAN; ISCU PROTEIN; NIFU PROTEIN; FERREDOXIN; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MUTATION; COMPLEX AB The electron transfer protein rubredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum contains an Fe(S-Cys)(4) active site. Mutant proteins C9G, C9A, C42G and C42A, in which cysteine ligands are replaced by non-ligating Gly or Ala residues, have been expressed in Escherichia coli. The C42A protein expresses with a (Fe2S2)-S-III cluster in place. In contrast, the other proteins are isolated in colourless forms, although a (Fe2S2)-S-III cluster may be assembled in the C42G protein via incubation with Fe-III and sulfide. The four mutant proteins were isolated as stable mononuclear Hg-II forms which were converted to unstable mononuclear Fe-III preparations that contain both holo and apo protein. The Fe-III systems were characterized by metal analysis and mass spectrometry and by electronic, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies. The dominant Fe-III form in the C9A preparation is a Fe(S-Cys)(3)(OH) centre, similar to that observed previously in the C6S mutant protein. Related centres are present in the proteins NifU and IscU responsible for assembly and repair of iron-sulfur clusters in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In addition to Fe(S-Cys)(3)(OH) centres, the C9G, C42G and C42A preparations contain a second four-coordinate Fe-III form in which a ligand appears to be supplied by the protein chain. Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer Link server located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00775-0020355-1. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Monash Univ, Sch Phys & Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Wedd, AG (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013; OI Xiao, Zhiguang/0000-0001-6908-8897 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 7 IS 7-8 BP 781 EP 790 DI 10.1007/s00775-002-0355-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 597ZV UT WOS:000178251400010 PM 12203014 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, MH Regunathan, A Glesne, D AF Bhattacharyya, MH Regunathan, A Glesne, D TI Microarray, differential display, and northern analysis of mouse bone cell gene expression early after Cd gavage. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 24th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP American-Soc-Bone-Mineral-Res C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 MA M253 BP S452 EP S452 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 592TK UT WOS:000177952801427 ER PT J AU Davis, AV Wester, R Bragg, AE Neumark, DM AF Davis, AV Wester, R Bragg, AE Neumark, DM TI Vibrational relaxation in clusters: Energy transfer in I-2(-)(CO2)(4) excited by femtosecond stimulated emission pumping SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONADIABATIC MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GEMINATE RECOMBINATION DYNAMICS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GROUND-STATE; CHARGE FLOW; ULTRAFAST PHOTODISSOCIATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; WAVEPACKET DYNAMICS; SOLVENT DYNAMICS; IONS AB Vibrational relaxation dynamics in I-2(-)(CO2)(4) clusters are monitored by femtosecond stimulated emission pumping in conjunction with femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy. Femtosecond pump and tunable dump pulses coherently excite the I-2(-) within the cluster with vibrational energies ranging from 0.57 to 0.86 eV; the subsequent dynamics are monitored via the time-dependent photoelectron spectrum, and are compared to those resulting from excitation of bare I-2(-). Two observables are used to follow the vibrational relaxation from the vibrationally excited I-2(-) to the surrounding solvent molecules. From 0 to 4 ps, relaxation is apparent through a time-dependent increase in the oscillation which is monitored at its inner turning point. At longer times, out to similar to100 ps, shifts in the photoelectron spectra are used to determine the vibrational energy content of the I-2(-). Indirect evidence is presented for early rapid energy loss during the first half-oscillation of the wave packet across the potential. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davis, AV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Wester, Roland/J-6293-2012 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Wester, Roland/0000-0001-7935-6066 NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 9 BP 4282 EP 4292 DI 10.1063/1.1497160 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 583YL UT WOS:000177439300019 ER PT J AU Nimlos, MR Davico, G Geise, CM Wenthold, PG Lineberger, WC Blanksby, SJ Hadad, CM Petersson, GA Ellison, GB AF Nimlos, MR Davico, G Geise, CM Wenthold, PG Lineberger, WC Blanksby, SJ Hadad, CM Petersson, GA Ellison, GB TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of HCCN- and HCNC- reveals the quasilinear triplet carbenes, HCCN and HCNC SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE ION; LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; CARBANION SPECTROSCOPY; EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRY; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; BENDING VIBRATION; BOND-ENERGIES; ATOMIC OXYGEN; THERMOCHEMISTRY AB Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the HCCN- and HCNC- ions. The electron affinities (EA) of cyanocarbene have been measured to be EA(HCCN (X) over tilde (3)Sigma(-)=2.003+/-0.014 eV and EA(DCCN (X) over tilde (3)Sigma(-))=2.009+/-0.020 eV. Photodetachment of HCCN- to HCCN (X) over tilde (3)Sigma(-) shows a 0.4 eV long vibrational progression in nu(5), the H-CCN bending mode; the HCCN- photoelectron spectra reveal excitations up to 10 quanta in nu(5). The term energies for the excited singlet state are found to be T-0(HCCN (a) over tilde (1)A('))=0.515+/-0.016 eV and T-0(DCCN (a) over tilde (1)A('))=0.518+/-0.027 eV. For the isocyanocarbene, the two lowest states switch and HCNC has a singlet ground state and an excited triplet state. The electron affinities are EA(HCNC (X) over tilde (1)A('))=1.883+/-0.013 eV and EA((X) over tilde (1)A(') DCNC)=1.877+/-0.010 eV. The term energy for the excited triplet state is T-0(HCNC (a) over tilde (3)A("))=0.050+/-0.028 eV and T-0(DCNC (a) over tilde (3)A("))=0.063+/-0.030 eV. Proton transfer kinetics in a flowing afterglow apparatus were used to re-measure the enthalpy of deprotonation of CH3NC to be Delta(acid)H(298)(CH3NC)=383.6+/-0.6 kcal mol(-1). The acidity/EA thermodynamic cycle was used to deduce D-0(H-CHCN)=104+/-2 kcal mol(-1) [Delta(f)H(0)(HCCN)=110+/-4 kcal mol(-1)] and D-0(H-CHNC)=106+/-4 kcal mol(-1) [Delta(f)H(0)(HCNC)=133+/-5 kcal mol(-1)]. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Weleyan Univ, Dept Chem, Hall Atwater Labs, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Nimlos, MR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Blanksby, Stephen/C-8388-2013 OI Blanksby, Stephen/0000-0002-8560-756X NR 68 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 9 BP 4323 EP 4339 DI 10.1063/1.1496473 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 583YL UT WOS:000177439300024 ER PT J AU Carlin, B Fu, Q Lohmann, U Mace, GG Sassen, K Comstock, JM AF Carlin, B Fu, Q Lohmann, U Mace, GG Sassen, K Comstock, JM TI High-cloud horizontal inhomogeneity and solar albedo bias SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE MODELS; OPTICAL DEPTH; VARIABILITY; FLUXES; LIDAR AB High ice cloud horizontal inhomogeneity is examined using optical depth retrievals from four midlatitude datasets. Three datasets include ice cloud microphysical profiles derived from millimeter cloud radar at the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site in Oklahoma. A fourth dataset combines lidar and midinfrared radiometry (LIRAD), and is from the Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. Plane-parallel homogeneous (PPH) calculations of domain-averaged solar albedo for these four datasets are compared to independent column approximation (ICA) results. A solar albedo bias up to 25% is found over a low reflective surface at a high solar zenith angle. A spherical solar albedo bias as high as 11% is shown. The gamma-weighted radiative transfer (GWRT) scheme is shown to be an effective correction for the solar albedo bias suitable for GCM applications. The GWRT result was, in all cases, within 1-2 W m(-2) of the ICA outgoing solar flux. The GWRT requires a parameterization of the standard deviation of cloud optical depth. It is suggested that the domain-averaged cloud optical depth and ice water path together can be used in a parameterization to account for 80% of the standard deviation in optical depth. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Carlin, B (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. RI Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009 OI Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785 NR 44 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 15 IS 17 BP 2321 EP 2339 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2321:HCHIAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 586FC UT WOS:000177573100004 ER PT J AU Wigley, TML Smith, SJ Prather, MJ AF Wigley, TML Smith, SJ Prather, MJ TI Radiative forcing due to reactive gas emissions SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NOX; CLIMATE AB Reactive gas emissions (CO, NOx, VOC) have indirect radiative forcing effects through their influences on tropospheric ozone and on the lifetimes of methane and hydrogenated halocarbons. These effects are quantified here for the full set of emissions scenarios developed in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. In most of these no-climate-policy scenarios, anthropogenic reactive gas emissions increase substantially over the twenty-first century. For the implied increases in tropospheric ozone, the maximum forcing exceeds 1 W m 22 by 2100 (range -0.14 to +1.03 W m 22). The changes are moderated somewhat through compensating influences from NOx versus CO and VOC. Reactive gas forcing influences through methane and halocarbons are much smaller; 2100 ranges are -0.20 to +0.23 W m(-2) for methane and -0.04 to +0.07 W m(-2) for the halocarbons. Future climate change might be reduced through policies limiting reactive gas emissions, but the potential for explicitly climate-motivated reductions depends critically on the extent of reductions that are likely to arise through air quality considerations and on the assumed baseline scenario. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. RP Wigley, TML (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Wigley, Tom/B-4705-2008 NR 14 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 15 IS 18 BP 2690 EP 2696 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2690:RFDTRG>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 586FD UT WOS:000177573200008 ER PT J AU Le Maitre, OP Reagan, MT Najm, HN Ghanem, RG Knio, OM AF Le Maitre, OP Reagan, MT Najm, HN Ghanem, RG Knio, OM TI Stochastic projection method for fluid flow - II. Random process SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stochastic; natural convection; Navier-Stokes; polynomial chaos; Karhunen-Loeve; uncertainty ID NATURAL-CONVECTION; COMPUTATION; POLYNOMIALS; CAVITY; MEDIA AB An uncertainty quantification scheme is developed for the simulation of stochastic thermofluid processes. The scheme relies on spectral representation of uncertainty using the polynomial chaos (PC) system. The solver combines a Galerkin procedure for the determination of PC coefficients with a projection method for efficiently simulating the resulting system of coupled transport equations. Implementation of the numerical scheme is illustrated through simulations of natural convection in a 2D square cavity with stochastic temperature distribution at the cold wall. The properties of the uncertainty representation scheme are analyzed, and the predictions are contrasted with results obtained using a Monte Carlo approach. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Evry Val Essone, Ctr Etud Mecan Ille France, F-91020 Evry, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Le Maitre, OP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Knio, Omar/A-3318-2010; Ghanem, Roger/B-8570-2008; Le Maitre, Olivier/D-8570-2011; Reagan, Matthew/D-1129-2015 OI Ghanem, Roger/0000-0002-1890-920X; Le Maitre, Olivier/0000-0002-3811-7787; Reagan, Matthew/0000-0001-6225-4928 NR 39 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 181 IS 1 BP 9 EP 44 DI 10.1006/jcph.2002.7104 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 593GN UT WOS:000177982800002 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G AF Lapenta, G TI Particle rezoning for multidimensional kinetic particle-in-cell simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DUST PARTICLES; PLASMAS; NUMBER AB The adaptation of PIC methods requires the ability to change the number of particles during the calculation. For PIC methods it is not sufficient to adapt the computational grid. It also necessary to control the local number of particles per cell (particle rezoning) by increasing or decreasing its value to control the local accuracy. In the present paper, we describe some general theoretical considerations regarding the accuracy of various particle rezoning methods. Four algorithms are derived and applied to 1D and 2D PIC simulations. The merits and drawbacks of the algorithms are discussed. Particle rezoning is then applied to 1D studies of collisionless shocks and the 2D simulations of charging of dust immersed in a plasma. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lapenta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 14 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 181 IS 1 BP 317 EP 337 DI 10.1006/jcph.2002.7126 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 593GN UT WOS:000177982800012 ER PT J AU Conrad, SH Glass, RJ Peplinski, WJ AF Conrad, SH Glass, RJ Peplinski, WJ TI Bench-scale visualization of DNAPL remediation processes in analog heterogeneous aquifers: surfactant floods and in situ oxidation using permanganate SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE remediation; surfactants; potassium permanganate; DNAPL; trichloroethylene; porous media; laboratory measurement ID NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUIDS; MACROHETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; ENHANCED SOLUBILIZATION; MICELLAR SOLUTIONS; SOIL COLUMNS; RESIDUAL TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; POTASSIUM-PERMANGANATE; POOLED DNAPL; REMOVAL; SATURATION AB We have conducted well-controlled DNAPL remediation experiments within a 2-D, glass-walled, sand-filled chamber using surfactants (Aerosol MA and Tween 80) to increase solubility and an oxidant (permanganate) to chemically degrade the DNAPL. Initial conditions for each remediation experiment were created by injecting DNAPL as a point source at the top of the chamber and allowing the DNAPL to migrate downward through a water-filled, heterogeneous, sand-pack designed to be evocative of a fluvial depositional environment. This migration process resulted in the DNAPL residing as a series of descending pools. Lateral advection across the chamber was used to introduce the remedial fluids. Photographs and digital image analysis illustrate interactions between the introduced fluids and the DNAPL. In the surfactant experiments, we found that DNAPL configured in a series of pools was easily mobilized. Extreme reductions in DNAPL/water interfacial tension occurred when using the Aerosol MA surfactant, resulting in mobilization into low permeability regions and thus confounding the remediation process. More modest reductions in interfacial tension occurred when using the Tween 80 surfactant resulting in modest mobilization. In this experiment, capillary forces remained sufficient to exclude DNAPL migration into low permeability regions allowing the excellent solubilizing properties of the surfactant to recover almost 90% of the DNAPL within 8.6 pore volumes. Injection of a potassium pennanganate solution resulted in precipitation of MnO2, a reaction product, creating a low-permeability rind surrounding the DNAPL pools. Formation of this rind hindered contact between the permanganate and the DNAPL, limiting the effectiveness of the remediation. From these experiments, we see the value of performing visualization experiments to evaluate the performance of proposed techniques for DNAPL remediation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Conrad, SH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 68 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 49 AR PII S0169-7722(03)00024-4 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00024-4 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 590CX UT WOS:000177801200002 PM 12236553 ER PT J AU Stringfellow, WT Oh, KC AF Stringfellow, WT Oh, KC TI Initiation of MTBE biotreatment in fluidized-bed bioreactors SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; ground water; biological treatment; activated carbon; gasoline; hydrocarbons ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; AMYL METHYL-ETHER; COMETABOLIC BIODEGRADATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DEGRADING BACTERIA; UNITED-STATES; DEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; GASOLINE; CULTURE AB Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is one of the most common ground water pollutants in the United States. Although MTBE has been characterized as a recalcitrant pollutant, it is now established that MTBE is biodegradable. A few bacteria that can grow on MTBE as a carbon and energy source have been identified and a host of bacteria that can cometabolize MTBE are known. There is very little information available concerning the biological treatment of MTBE contaminated ground water, despite the strong interest in applying biological treatment to the decontamination of MTBE laden water. In this paper we examine the treatment of contaminated ground water using a fluidized-bed bioreactor. Field studies demonstrated that the initiation of MTBE biotreatment was unpredictable, with one reactor starting to degrade MTBE immediately and a second reactor never degrading any MTBE. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine if a cosubstrate could be used to reliably enrich MTBE metabolizing microorganisms from a variety of environmental samples. It was determined that a number of compounds could enrich MTBE degrading populations, but that iso-pentane was the most reliable cometabolite of the compounds tested. Iso-pentane was used to initiate MTBE biotreatment in a laboratory fluidized-bed bioreactor. It was found that MTBE biotreatment continues even after iso-pentane addition was halted, suggesting that bacteria can gain maintenance energy from MTBE degradation. The reactor started with iso-pentane was as efficient as MTBE biotreatment as a reactor that started MTBE degradation without cosubstrate addition. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stringfellow, WT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stringfellow, William/O-4389-2015 OI Stringfellow, William/0000-0003-3189-5604 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 852 EP 861 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(852) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400013 ER PT J AU An, YJ Kampbell, DH Cook, ML AF An, YJ Kampbell, DH Cook, ML TI Co-occurrence of MTBE and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds at marinas in large reservoir SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE benzene; gasoline; Oklahoma; Texas; water pollution; lakes ID UNITED-STATES; GROUNDWATER AB Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is released into the environment as one of some gasoline components, not as a pure compound. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds are major volatile constituents found in gasoline and are water soluble and mobile. This study focused on the occurrence of MTBE with BTEX compounds in several marinas in Lake Texoma, which is a large reservoir located on the Oklahoma and Texas border. During a monitoring period from June 1999 to July 2001, MTBE and BTEX were detected in 28 and 5% of samples analyzed, respectively. Methyl tert-butyl ether co-occurred with BTEX compounds in 15% of lake water samples when detectable MTBE was present. The relatively low co-occurrence (15%) of MTBE with BTEX compounds is primarily due to the volume percentage in gasoline mixtures and physicochemical properties such as water solubility and Henry's law constant. Toluene was the most commonly co-occurring BTEX with MTBE. Values of the ratios of the BTEX concentration to the MTBE concentration generally increase with depth of water. C1 Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea. US Environm Protect Agcy, ORISE Res Associate Program, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. RP An, YJ (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Seoul 120750, South Korea. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2002 VL 128 IS 9 BP 902 EP 906 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:9(902) PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 585HM UT WOS:000177519400019 ER PT J AU Koester, CJ Andresen, BD Grant, PM AF Koester, CJ Andresen, BD Grant, PM TI Optimum methamphetamine profiling with sample preparation by solid-phase microextraction SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; methamphetamine; chemical profiling; signatures analysis; material "fingerprint"; solid-phase inicroextraction (SPME); GC/MS ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; OPTIMIZATION; AMPHETAMINES; EXPLOSIVES; RECOVERY; URINE; SPME AB Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a relatively new technique in which a small, polymer-coated fiber is employed to extract volatile and semivolatile organic compounds from the sealed headspace above a questioned sample. SPME, coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), was used to characterize impurities in illicit methamphetamine samples Trace impurities present in a specimen were tentatively identified using mass-spectral databases and included 1,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-aziridine (indicating synthesis via a halogenated ephedrine intermediate), ethyl vanillin (a flavoring compound), and caffeine (a stimulant used as cutting agent). The types and numbers of organic compounds sampled by SPME were compared with those collected by various solvent extraction protocols. In addition to unambiguously confirming the presence of methamphetamine. SPME-GC/MS analyses detected approximately 30 more organic analytes than were found by GC/MS following the ethyl acetate extraction method adopted by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme. SPME-GC/MS is a superior method for generating material "fingerprint" profiles in methamphetamine samples The detection and characterization of increased points of comparison in drug samples provide more detailed chemical signatures for both intelligence and operational information. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grant, PM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1002 EP 1007 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 596UY UT WOS:000178185800013 PM 12353536 ER PT J AU Barnard, JC Powell, DM AF Barnard, JC Powell, DM TI A comparison between modeled and measured clear-sky radiative shortwave fluxes in Arctic environments, with special emphasis on diffuse radiation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE radiation transfer; diffuse shortwave radiation; diffuse discrepancy ID SOLAR IRRADIANCE; THERMAL OFFSET; OPTICAL DEPTH; SURFACE; AEROSOL; PYRANOMETER; ATMOSPHERE; ALGORITHM; SKIES AB [1] The ability of the Santa Barbara Disort Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model to predict clear-sky diffuse and direct normal broadband shortwave irradiances is investigated. Model calculations of these quantities are compared with data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) and North Slope of Alaska (NSA) sites. The model tends to consistently underestimate the direct normal irradiances at both sites by about 1%. In regard to clear-sky diffuse irradiance, the model overestimates this quantity at the SGP site in a manner similar to what has been observed in other studies [Halthore and Schwartz, 2000]. The difference between the diffuse SBDART calculations and Halthore and Schwartz's MODTRAN calculations is very small, thus demonstrating that SBDART performs similarly to MODTRAN. SBDART is then applied to the NSA site, and here it is found that the discrepancy between the model calculations and corrected diffuse measurements (corrected for daytime offsets) [Dutton et al., 2001] is 0.4 W/m(2) when averaged over the 12 cases considered here. Two cases of diffuse measurements from a shaded "black and white'' pyranometer are also compared with the calculations and the discrepancy is again minimal. Thus, it appears as if the "diffuse discrepancy'' that exists at the SGP site does not exist at the NSA sites. We cannot yet explain why the model predicts diffuse radiation well at one site but not at the other. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Barnard, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.barnard@pnl.gov NR 24 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D19 AR 4383 DI 10.1029/2001JD001442 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635YT UT WOS:000180428300050 ER PT J AU de Leeuw, G Kunz, GJ Buzorius, G O'Dowd, C AF de Leeuw, G Kunz, GJ Buzorius, G O'Dowd, C TI Meteorological influences on coastal new particle formation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; nucleation; micrometeorological fluxes; coastal ID MACE HEAD; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; IRELAND AB [1] The meteorological situation at the midlatitude coastal station of Mace Head, Ireland, is described based on observations during the New Particle Formation and Fate in the Coastal Environment (PARFORCE) experiments in September 1998 and June 1999. Micrometeorological sensors were mounted near the shore line on a small mast with a height of 3 m and on a 22 m high tower at about 100 m away from the sea. Turbulent fields of wind speed, air temperature, and water vapor were measured. Parameters such as the friction velocity, drag coefficient, kinematic fluxes of heat and water vapor, and various variances were derived. The influence of meteorological parameters on coastal nucleation events is examined, and it is found that the occurrence of nucleation is, more or less, independent of air mass origin and is primarily driven by the occurrence of exposed shore areas during low tide and solar radiation. Micrometeorological influences were also examined in terms of promoting particle production events in this environment. A positive correlation was found between kinematic heat flux and particle production probability. In contrast, a strong negative correlation was found between production probability and both kinematic water vapor fluxes and relative humidity. These results indicate that the occurrence of new particle production events in the coastal zone are most probable during conditions when the shore area containing coastal biota has dried out and the biota are exposed directly to the solar radiation flux and increased shore, or surface, temperatures. These conditions correspond to drying and stressing of the biota, which is known to increase the emissions of biogenic vapors. C1 Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res, Phys & Elect Lab, The Hague, Netherlands. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Res Grp, Galway, Ireland. RP de Leeuw, G (reprint author), TNO, Phys & Elect Lab, NL-2509 JG The Hague, Netherlands. RI O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012 OI O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D19 AR 8102 DI 10.1029/2001JD001478 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635YT UT WOS:000180428300010 ER PT J AU Dickerson, RR Andreae, MO Campos, T Mayol-Bracero, OL Neusuess, C Streets, DG AF Dickerson, RR Andreae, MO Campos, T Mayol-Bracero, OL Neusuess, C Streets, DG TI Analysis of black carbon and carbon monoxide observed over the Indian Ocean: Implications for emissions and photochemistry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE soot; black carbon; CO; emissions; India ID SURFACE OZONE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; AIR-POLLUTION; MACE HEAD; AEROSOL; MODEL; URBAN; ATMOSPHERE; DELHI; ASIA AB [1] Air from South Asia carries heavy loadings of organic and light-absorbing aerosol but low concentrations of ozone. We investigate ambient pollutant concentrations measured during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), and we estimate emissions to determine the origin, magnitude, and impacts of air pollution from South Asia and to understand better the uncertainty in emission inventories. In India, the preponderance of motorcycles with small, two-stroke engines and the practice of adulterating gasoline with kerosene lead to high CO emission factors; for 1999, we estimate release of 15 Tg yr(-1) from fossil fuel use and 40 Tg yr(-1) from biomass burning. With the addition of isoprene oxidation, the total CO emissions were 67 Tg yr(-1) from India and 87 Tg( CO) yr(-1) from all of South Asia. These values indicate a somewhat larger contribution from fossil fuels but slightly lower overall emissions when compared to prior emission inventories. Two-stroke engines also exhibit high emission factors for volatile organic compounds (VOC) and particulate organic matter but produce only modest amounts of NOx. Near sources in India, VOC to NOx ratios appear too high for efficient O-3 formation, although other factors probably contribute to observed low O-3 mixing ratios. An inventory based on source characteristics and known emission factors for black carbon (BC) from South Asia yields 0.7 Tg yr(-1) (upper limit of about 1.0 Tg yr(-1)) with biomass burning as the dominant source. We can test this inventory with measurements of ambient CO and BC-ship, island, and aircraft observations of air from South Asia all show a positive correlation between CO and BC (r(2) = 0.71-0.81). Such strong correlations have also been observed over North America and Europe, but with a lower BC/CO slope. Ambient concentrations indicate high BC emission from South Asia: 2-3 Tg(BC) yr(-1). This disagreement with emission inventories demonstrates the need for direct measurements from sources in India. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Clouds Chem & Climate, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dickerson, RR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM russ@atmos.umd.edu RI Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; OI Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 93 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D19 AR 8017 DI 10.1029/2001JD000501 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635YT UT WOS:000180428300005 ER PT J AU Giorgi, F Bi, XQ Qian, Y AF Giorgi, F Bi, XQ Qian, Y TI Direct radiative forcing and regional climatic effects of anthropogenic aerosols over East Asia: A regional coupled climate-chemistry/aerosol model study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; sulfate; aerosol direct effects; radiative forcing; regional climatic effects ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SULFATE AEROSOL; OZONE POLLUTION; CROP YIELDS; CHINA; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; RESOLUTION AB We present a series of simulations aimed at assessing the radiative forcing and surface climatic effects of anthropogenic sulfate and fossil fuel soot over east Asia. The simulations are carried out with a coupled regional climate-chemistry/aerosol model for the 5-year period of 1993-1997 using published estimates of sulfur emissions. Anthropogenic sulfate induces a negative top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiative forcing which varies spatially from -1 to -8 W m(-2) in the winter to -1 to -15 W m(-2) in the summer. The aerosol radiative forcing is maximum over the Sichuan Basin of southwest China and over some areas of east and northeast China. This forcing induces a surface cooling in the range of -0.1 to -0.7 K that is also maximum over the Sichuan Basin. Fossil fuel soot exerts a positive TOA radiative forcing of 0.5 to 2 W m(-2) and enhances the surface cooling by a few tenths of Kelvins due to increased surface shielding from solar radiation. Doubling of the sulfur emission induces a substantial increase in negative radiative forcing (up to -7 to -8 W m(-2)) and associated surface cooling. With doubled sulfur emission, the surface cooling exceeds -1 K and is statistically significant at the 90% confidence level over various areas of China. The aerosol-induced radiative forcing and surface cooling tend to inhibit precipitation over the region, although this effect is relatively small in the simulations. Some features of the simulated aerosol-induced surface cooling are consistent with temperature trends observed in recent decades over different regions of China. C1 Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Giorgi, F (reprint author), Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, POB 586,Strada Costiera 11, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. RI qian, yun/A-5056-2010; qian, yun/E-1845-2011; Giorgi, Filippo/C-3169-2013 NR 50 TC 96 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 4439 DI 10.1029/2001JD001066 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200102 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Sato, M Nazarenko, L Ruedy, R Lacis, A Koch, D Tegen, I Hall, T Shindell, D Santer, B Stone, P Novakov, T Thomason, L Wang, R Wang, Y Jacob, D Hollandsworth, S Bishop, L Logan, J Thompson, A Stolarski, R Lean, J Willson, R Levitus, S Antonov, J Rayner, N Parker, D Christy, J AF Hansen, J Sato, M Nazarenko, L Ruedy, R Lacis, A Koch, D Tegen, I Hall, T Shindell, D Santer, B Stone, P Novakov, T Thomason, L Wang, R Wang, Y Jacob, D Hollandsworth, S Bishop, L Logan, J Thompson, A Stolarski, R Lean, J Willson, R Levitus, S Antonov, J Rayner, N Parker, D Christy, J TI Climate forcings in Goddard Institute for Space Studies SI2000 simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE climate forcings; climate models; greenhouse gases; aerosols; solar irradiance; ozone ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EXTINCTION OPTICAL-THICKNESS; TEMPERATURE TIME-SERIES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; PINATUBO ERUPTION; SULFATE AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE IMPACT; MAUNDER MINIMUM; EARTHS CLIMATE AB [1] We define the radiative forcings used in climate simulations with the SI2000 version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) global climate model. These include temporal variations of well-mixed greenhouse gases, stratospheric aerosols, solar irradiance, ozone, stratospheric water vapor, and tropospheric aerosols. Our illustrations focus on the period 1951-2050, but we make the full data sets available for those forcings for which we have earlier data. We illustrate the global response to these forcings for the SI2000 model with specified sea surface temperature and with a simple Q-flux ocean, thus helping to characterize the efficacy of each forcing. The model yields good agreement with observed global temperature change and heat storage in the ocean. This agreement does not yield an improved assessment of climate sensitivity or a confirmation of the net climate forcing because of possible compensations with opposite changes of these quantities. Nevertheless, the results imply that observed global temperature change during the past 50 years is primarily a response to radiative forcings. It is also inferred that the planet is now out of radiation balance by 0.5 to 1 W/m(2) and that additional global warming of about 0.5 C is already "in the pipeline.'' C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. SGT Inc, New York, NY USA. Yale Univ, Dept Geol, New Haven, CT USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Ctr Meteorol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Honeywell Int, Buffalo, NY 14210 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Meteorol Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Bracknell RG12 2SY, Berks, England. Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM jhansen@giss.nasa.gov; lnazarenko@giss.nasa.gov; alacis@giss.nasa.gov; itegen@bgc-jena.mpg.de; thall@scrapple.giss.nasa.gov; dshindell@giss.nasa.gov; santer1@llnl.gov; phstone@mit.edu; tnovakov@lbl.gov; l.w.thomason@larc.nasa.gov; raywang@eas.gatech.edu; yhw@envsci.rutgers.edu; djj@io.harvard.edu; lane.bishop@alliedsignal.co; lean@demeter.nrl.navy.mil; slevitus@nodc.noaa.gov; John.Antonov@noaa.gov; nrayner@meto.gov.uk; deparker@meto.gov.uk; christy@atmos.uah.edu RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014 OI Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; NR 145 TC 229 Z9 235 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 107 IS D18 AR 4347 DI 10.1029/2001JD001143 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635YH UT WOS:000180427400014 ER PT J AU Mayol-Bracero, OL Gabriel, R Andreae, MO Kirchstetter, TW Novakov, T Ogren, J Sheridan, P Streets, DG AF Mayol-Bracero, OL Gabriel, R Andreae, MO Kirchstetter, TW Novakov, T Ogren, J Sheridan, P Streets, DG TI Carbonaceous aerosols over the Indian Ocean during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX): Chemical characterization, optical properties, and probable sources SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE carbonaceous aerosols; INDOEX; chemical characterization; optical properties; sources; aerosols ID CLOUD-CONDENSATION-NUCLEI; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; UNITED-STATES; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SULFATE AEROSOL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; LOS-ANGELES; EMISSIONS AB [1] We measured carbonaceous material and water-soluble ionic species in the fine fraction (D-p < 1.3 μm) of aerosol samples collected on NCAR's C-130 aircraft during the intensive field phase (February-March 1999) of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). Polluted layers were present over most of the study region north of the equator at altitudes up to 3.2 km. The estimated aerosol mass (sum of carbonaceous and soluble ionic aerosol components) of fine-mode particles in these layers was 15.3 +/- 7.9 μg m(-3). The major components were particulate organic matter (POM, 35%), SO42- (34%), black carbon (BC, 14%), and NH4+ (11%). The main difference between the composition of the marine boundary layer (MBL, 0 to similar to1.2 km), and the overlying residual continental boundary layer (1.2 to similar to3.2 km) was a higher abundance of SO42- relative to POM in the MBL, probably due to a faster conversion of SO2 into SO42- in the MBL. Our results show that carbon is a major, and sometimes dominant, contributor to the aerosol mass and that its contribution increases with altitude. Low variability was observed in the optical properties of the aerosol in the two layers. Regression analysis of the absorption coefficient at 565 nm on BC mass (BC < 4.0 μg C m(-3)) yielded a specific absorption cross section of 8.1 +/- 0.7 m(2) g(-1) for the whole period. The unusually high fraction of BC and the good correlation between the absorption coefficient and BC suggest that BC was responsible for the strong light absorption observed for the polluted layers during INDOEX. High correlation between BC and total carbon (TC) (r(2) = 0.86) suggest that TC is predominantly of primary origin. Good correlations were also found between the scattering coefficient at 550 nm and the estimated aerosol mass for the fine fraction. These yielded a specific scattering cross section of 4.9 +/- 0.4 m(2) g(-1). The observed BC/TC, BC/OC, SO42-/BC, and K+/BC ratios were fairly constant throughout the period. These ratios suggest that between 60 and 80% of the aerosol in the polluted layers during INDOEX originated from fossil fuel and between 20 and 40% from biofuel combustion. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mayol-Bracero, OL (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 93 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D19 AR 8030 DI 10.1029/2000JD000039 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635YT UT WOS:000180428300064 ER PT J AU Quinn, PK Coffman, DJ Bates, TS Miller, TL Johnson, JE Welton, EJ Neususs, C Miller, M Sheridan, PJ AF Quinn, PK Coffman, DJ Bates, TS Miller, TL Johnson, JE Welton, EJ Neususs, C Miller, M Sheridan, PJ TI Aerosol optical properties during INDOEX 1999: Means, variability, and controlling factors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol chemical composition; aerosol mass extinction efficiencies; aerosol mass fractions; aerosol optical depth ID INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; MASS CONCENTRATIONS; STRONG ELECTROLYTES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX AB [1] As part of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) 1999 Intensive Field Phase, measurements of aerosol properties were made on board the R/V Ronald H. Brown in the Indian Ocean north and south of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the Arabian Sea and in the Bay of Bengal. On the basis of air mass trajectories, eight air mass source regions were identified including the southern hemisphere Atlantic; southern hemisphere Indian Ocean; northern hemisphere Indian Ocean; east Indian subcontinent where trajectories came from near Calcutta, through the southern portion of India, and then to the ship; Indian subcontinent where trajectories came from across central India to the ship; Arabia; Arabia/Indian subcontinent, a mixed region where lower-level trajectories came from Arabia and upper-level trajectories came from India; and Arabian Sea/coastal India where trajectories came from along the coast of India to the ship. Properties of the aerosol measured in the marine boundary layer included chemical composition, number size distribution, and scattering and absorption coefficients. In addition, vertical profiles of aerosol backscatter and optical depth were measured. Presented here as a function of air mass source region are the concentrations and mass fractions of the dominant aerosol chemical components, the fraction of the extinction measured at the surface due to each component, mass extinction efficiencies of the individual components, aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients, single scattering albedo, Angstrom exponent, and optical depth. All results except aerosol optical depth are reported at the measurement relative humidity of 55 +/- 5%. For air masses that originated from the two southern hemisphere marine regions (southern hemisphere Atlantic and Indian Ocean), sea salt dominated the extinction by sub-1 mum and sub-10 mum aerosol particles. The ratios of sub-1 mum to sub-10 mum extinction were the lowest measured of all air mass source regions (mean values of 28 and 40%) due to the dominance of the aerosol mass by supermicron sea salt. In addition, aerosol optical depths were the lowest measured averaging 0.06 +/- 0.03. Non-sea-salt (nss) sulfate aerosol concentrations in air masses from the northern hemisphere Indian Ocean were a factor of 6 higher than those in southern hemisphere air masses, while submicron sea-salt concentrations were comparable. Sulfate aerosol made up 40% of the sub-1 mum extinction, while sea salt dominated the sub-10 mum extinction. Aerosol optical depths for this source region averaged 0.10 +/- 0.03. A mean single scattering albedo near 0.89 and detectable black carbon (BC) concentrations (0.14 +/- 0.05 mug m(-3)) indicated the transport of continentally derived aerosol to the ITCZ. The two regions influenced by low-level (500 m) airflow from Arabia had higher concentrations of submicron nss sulfate, particulate organic matter (POM), and inorganic oxidized material (IOM) than were observed in the marine regions. Concentrations of supermicron IOM were comparable to supermicron sea-salt concentrations. Nss sulfate aerosol dominated the sub-1 mum extinction and made significant contributions to the sub-10 mum extinction. Sea salt dominated the supermicron extinction. Mean BC contributions to submicron extinction were 8 and 12%. Single scattering albedo values averaged 0.93 +/- 0.02 and 0.89 +/- 0.02 for these two source regions. Aerosol optical depths averaged 0.19 +/- 0.12 and 0.38 +/- 0.07 with the higher value due to upper-level (2500 m) flow from India. Regions influenced by low-level airflow from the Indian subcontinent had the Supermicron sea-salt concentrations were lower than or comparable to supermicron nitrate concentrations. Sub-1 mum and sub-10 mum extinction were dominated by nss sulfate aerosol although a burning component consisting of BC, KNO3, and K2SO4 made a nearly equivalent contribution. These regions had a mean single scattering albedo of 0.85 +/- 0.01, the lowest measured for any region. Mean aerosol optical depths were highest (0.3 to 0.4) for regions with low-level or upperlevel airflow from the Indian subcontinent. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 73 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D19 AR 8020 DI 10.1029/2000JD000037 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 635YT UT WOS:000180428300014 ER PT J AU Shao, XM Jacobson, AR AF Shao, XM Jacobson, AR TI Polarization observations of lightning-produced VHF emissions by the FORTE satellite SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE lightning; lightning electromagnetic radiation; polarization; ionospheric propagation ID TRANSIONOSPHERIC PULSE PAIRS; PHENOMENOLOGY; PROPAGATION; CHANNELS; STROKES; FLASHES AB Following an earlier polarization study for a well-defined man-made very high frequency (VHF) signal by using the two orthogonally oriented, linear polarization antennas aboard the FORTE satellite, we report in this paper similar polarization observations for lightning-produced radiation. A selected group of 313 transionospheric pulse pairs (TIPPs) that were geolocated by the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) has been analyzed. The TIPPs have been examined with high time resolution so that the magnetoionic modes can be resolved. Most of the TIPPs have been found highly polarized, with 40% of them far above the background polarization level. The polarization ellipticity and the orientation of the ellipse of the split modes have been examined as a function of the nadir and the azimuthal angles as referenced to satellite coordinates, and they are found in agreement with the predictions based on the antenna beam pattern. The original and the reflected pulses in a TIPP show nearly the same properties of polarization, except the latter appears less polarized. However, no recognizable polarization has been observed for the VHF signals accompanying more common discharge processes of initial ground strokes, dart leaders, and K streamers that usually produce continuous VHF radiation. Observations of a sequence of impulsive radiation bursts that is apparently associated with a normal negative cloud-to-ground flash indicate they are somewhat polarized, though not as much as the TIPPs. On the basis of the polarization observations, the possible breakdown mechanisms that are responsible for the VHF radiation have been discussed. For the highly polarized TIPP events, if they follow a cone-shaped discharge geometry, the half-angle of the cone is estimated to be less than 22degrees. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shao, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, NIS-1,MS D477, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D20 AR 4430 DI 10.1029/2001JD001018 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 636PY UT WOS:000180466200087 ER PT J AU Spirig, C Neftel, A Kleinman, LI Hjorth, J AF Spirig, C Neftel, A Kleinman, LI Hjorth, J TI NOx versus VOC limitation of O-3 production in the Po valley: Local and integrated view based on observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE tropospheric ozone; photooxidants; NOx-VOC sensitivity; ozone precursors; urban pollution; photochemical modeling ID PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANT FORMATION; OZONE PRODUCTION; PEROXY-RADICALS; SOUTHERN SWITZERLAND; CHEMICAL AMPLIFIER; SENSITIVITY; CHEMISTRY; ISOPRENE; SUMMER; BUDGET AB [1] We characterize the local O-3 production at an urban and a rural site in the northern part of the Po valley (Italy) during the Pianura Padana Produzione di Ozono experiment (PIPAPO). A steady state calculation based on observations is performed to determine the local O-3 production rate, P(O-3), and its sensitivity to precursor concentrations. The urban site exhibited a strongly VOC sensitive O-3 production rate, while both VOC and NOx sensitive conditions were observed at the rural site. In addition to the local steady state analysis, we performed one-dimensional Lagrangian model calculations that simulate conditions in the Po valley. These calculations show that the P(O-3) at the surface tends to be more VOC sensitive than the average in the mixed layer. The Lagrangian calculations are also used to determine the response of O-3 concentration to an emissions change. We compare emission control information with information on sensitivities from the local analysis. It is concluded that a local analysis of P(O-3) within the mixing layer offers useful qualitative information but tends to overestimate VOC sensitivity as judged by a comparison with an emissions-based Lagrangian model. C1 Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Spirig, C (reprint author), Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. EM chspirig@ucar.edu; albrecht.neftel@fal.admin.ch; kleinman@bnl.gov; jens.hjorth@jrc.it RI Spirig, Christoph/D-2471-2014 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS D22 AR 8191 DI 10.1029/2001JD000561 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 637AG UT WOS:000180489000001 ER PT J AU Burch, JL Lewis, WS Immel, TJ Anderson, PC Frey, HU Fuselier, SA Gerard, JC Mende, SB Mitchell, DG Thomsen, MF AF Burch, JL Lewis, WS Immel, TJ Anderson, PC Frey, HU Fuselier, SA Gerard, JC Mende, SB Mitchell, DG Thomsen, MF TI Interplanetary magnetic field control of afternoon-sector detached proton auroral arcs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE auroral phenomena; magnetosphere/ionosphere interactions; auroral ionosphere; particle precipitation ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; MAGNETOSPHERE; PRECIPITATION; DYNAMICS; ELECTRON; MISSION; EQUATORWARD; EVOLUTION; SUBSTORM AB [1] Data from the Far Ultraviolet Imager (FUV) on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) satellite show that subauroral proton arcs appear in the afternoon sector during geomagnetically disturbed periods when the interplanetary magnetic field rotates either from south to north or from west to east and when the magnetosphere is moderately compressed. Time series of proton aurora images show that the proton emissions are generally aligned along the equatorward part of the auroral oval. However, when interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B-z changes from negative to positive the auroral oval contracts toward higher latitudes while the ring current proton precipitation remains stationary, resulting in a separation of several degrees between the latitude of the new oval position and a subauroral proton arc in the afternoon sector. A similar effect occurs when IMF B-y rotates from negative to positive, in which case the oval in the afternoon sector retreats toward higher latitudes, again leaving a separation between the oval and the subauroral proton arc of several degrees. Comparisons with low-altitude and geosynchronous satellite data show that the subauroral proton arc is caused by the precipitation of protons with energies from several keV to 30 keV and is likely associated with the existence of a plasmaspheric "drainage plume." In contrast, the proton emissions along the main oval are caused by protons with energies generally less than 10 keV. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burch, JL (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 107 IS A9 AR 1251 DI 10.1029/2001JA007554 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634MN UT WOS:000180343700027 ER PT J AU Fuselier, SA Berchem, J Trattner, KJ Friedel, R AF Fuselier, SA Berchem, J Trattner, KJ Friedel, R TI Tracing ions in the cusp and low-latitude boundary layer using multispacecraft observations and a global MHD simulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic reconnection; particle precipitation; charged particle motion ID PARTICLE-PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS; DAYSIDE IONOSPHERE; ENERGETIC IONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOPAUSE; IMF; RECONNECTION; SIGNATURES; TOPOLOGY AB [1] High-latitude observations from the Polar spacecraft on 21 January 1998 show a region of closed magnetic field lines containing several distinct solar wind ion populations in the energy range from <10 eV to >200 keV e(-1). Precipitating ion fluxes in this region are consistent with the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL). A global MHD simulation of this event (using input from the Wind spacecraft upstream from the Earth's bow shock) reproduces Geotail and Interball/Tail spacecraft observations in the outer magnetosphere and magnetosheath. These results demonstrate that the simulation faithfully reproduces the global magnetic field configuration of the magnetosheath and magnetosphere and provides confidence for the interpretation of the LLBL observations from Polar. Results from the simulation show that a single evolutionary process of plasma entry into the cusp and evolution to the LLBL can account for the development of a multi-energy ion population of solar wind origin on closed magnetic field lines in the magnetosphere. Sources with direct access to the ultimately closed LLBL field lines observed by Polar are the dayside magnetosheath (low-energy ions below 3 keV e(-1)), the quasi-parallel bow shock (higher-energy ions between 3 and 100 keVe(-1)), and possibly the duskside magnetopause (highest-energy ions above 100 keV e(-1)). C1 Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fuselier, SA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 107 IS A9 AR 1226 DI 10.1029/2001JA000130 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634MN UT WOS:000180343700002 ER PT J AU Korth, H Thomsen, MF Glassmeier, KH Phillips, S AF Korth, H Thomsen, MF Glassmeier, KH Phillips, S TI Particle tomography of the inner magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma convection; charge exchange; particle tomography; geocorona ID LATITUDE ELECTRIC POTENTIALS; RING CURRENT; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; HYDROGEN; EXOSPHERE; MODELS; COLLISIONS; PROTON; FIELDS; SHEET AB [1] In a previous study we performed a statistical analysis of the geosynchronous plasma environment from measurements of the magnetospheric plasma analyzer instruments aboard the Los Alamos geosynchronous spacecraft. In that study the mean spin-averaged particle fluxes were determined as a function of local time and Kp index, averaged over an entire year of observations. Particles on open drift trajectories should cross geosynchronous orbit twice during their drift from the nightside plasma sheet, through the inner magnetosphere, and out to the dayside magnetopause. The ratio of incoming plasma sheet phase space density and outgoing dayside phase space density of every drift path thus contains information about particle losses during the drift through the near-Earth region. For ions the losses are largely caused by charge exchange reactions with hydrogen atoms. Applying tomographic inversion techniques, we use the observed statistical losses inside the geosynchronous orbit region to infer the spatial distribution of exospheric neutral hydrogen. The particle drift paths from the nightside of geosynchronous orbit to the dayside are calculated from electric and magnetic field models. To test the sensitivity of the tomography to the convection model, we invert the geosynchronous particle observations using various field model combinations and compare the results. We find that the neutral hydrogen densities obtained from the inversion disagree with existing models of the exosphere, mainly in the near-Earth region. These differences are due to lower-than expected losses of lower-energy particles that nominally drift through the inner region and/or particle sources not considered in the study. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Korth, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, MS 4-134,11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 107 IS A9 AR 1229 DI 10.1029/2001JA000147 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634MN UT WOS:000180343700005 ER PT J AU Hewett, JL Petriello, FJ Rizzo, TG AF Hewett, JL Petriello, FJ Rizzo, TG TI Precision measurements and fermion geography in the Randall-Sundrum model revisited SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extra large dimensions; beyond standard model ID SMALL EXTRA DIMENSION; STABILIZED MODULUS; NEUTRAL CURRENTS; BULK FIELDS; PHENOMENOLOGY; CONSTRAINT; HIERARCHY; GRAVITY; MIXINGS; MASSES AB We re-examine the implications of allowing fermion fields to propagate in the five-dimensional bulk of the Randall-Sundrum (RS) localized gravity model. We find that mixing between the Standard Model top quark and its Kaluza Klein excitations generates large contributions to the rho parameter and consequently restricts the fundamental RS scale to lie above 100 TeV. To circumvent this bound we propose a 'mixed' scenario which localizes the third generation fermions on the TeV brane and allows the lighter generations to propagate in the full five-dimensional bulk. We show that this construction naturally reproduces the observed m(c)/m(t) and m(s)/m(b) hierarchies. We explore the signatures of this scenario in precision measurements and future high energy collider experiments. We find that the region of parameter space that addresses the hierarchies of fermion Yukawa couplings permits a Higgs boson with a mass of 500 GeV and remains otherwise invisible at the LHC. However, the entire parameter region consistent with electroweak precision data is testable at future linear colliders. We briefly discuss possible constraints on this scenario arising from flavor changing neutral currents. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM hewett@slac.stanford.edu; frankjp@SLAC.Stanford.EDU; rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 39 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 IS 9 AR 030 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2002/09/030 PG 32 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 612TW UT WOS:000179092400030 ER PT J AU Ito, Y Bustin, M AF Ito, Y Bustin, M TI Immunohistochemical localization of the nucleosome-binding protein HMGN3 in mouse brain SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE immunohistochemical expression; HMG proteins; chromatin; mouse brain; GFAP ID GROUP CHROMOSOMAL-PROTEINS; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; THYROID-HORMONE; TRANSCRIPTION; GFAP AB HMGN3 (Trip7) is a member of the high-mobility group N (HMGN) nucleosome-binding protein family, which binds specifically to nucleosomes, reduces the compactness of the chromatin fiber, and enhances transcription from chromatin templates. By Western blotting and Northern blotting analysis, we showed that HMGN3 is expressed in a tissue-specific manner, with the strongest expression in mouse brain. Here we analyzed the expression of HMGN3 in various regions of the mouse brain by histological techniques. Enhanced expression of HMGN3 was observed in the lateral olfactory tract, anterior commissure, corpus callosum, internal capsule, fornix, stria medullans, optic tract, and axon bundles. The expression patterns of HMGN3 in the mouse brain was significantly different from that of the related protein HMGN2 and was very similar to that of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We suggest that HMGN3 might play a role in astrocyte function. C1 NCI, Prot Sect, Lab Metab, Div Basic Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ito, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, MS 74-157, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bustin, Michael/G-6155-2015 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1273 EP 1275 PG 3 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 592ZV UT WOS:000177967500014 PM 12185205 ER PT J AU Gooray, A Roller, G Galambos, P Zavadil, K Givler, R Peter, F Crowley, J AF Gooray, A Roller, G Galambos, P Zavadil, K Givler, R Peter, F Crowley, J TI Design of a MEMS ejector for printing applications SO JOURNAL OF IMAGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Applications for drop ejectors range from ink jet printing to drug delivery systems. MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) fabrication techniques, particularly surface micromachining, allow production of small monolithic structures that can be adapted to many applications. We report on the design, fabrication, and testing of a surface micromachined MEMS liquid ejection system for printing applications. The ejectors were fabricated using the SUMMiT(TM) process,(1) a surface micromachining technique. The only assembly required is electrical connection and attachment of a fluid reservoir. The process features three, four or five layers of structural polysilicon, separated by layers of sacrificial silicon dioxide. The final step of the fabrication process is the removal of the oxide to release the "machined" structure. The ejector produces small volume (2 - 4 picoliters), satellite-free drops traveling at 5 - 10 m/s. To eject a drop a piston is drawn rapidly towards a plate containing a nozzle through which the drop is ejected. The piston is electrostatically actuated. Since the electric field acts across the liquid bath, device operation is sensitive to the dielectric strength, breakdown voltage and conductivity of the fluid. C1 Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY 14650 USA. Xerox Corp, Webster, NY USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Electrostat Applicat, Morgan Hill, CA USA. RP Gooray, A (reprint author), Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY 14650 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 8750-9237 J9 J IMAGING SCI TECHN JI J. Imaging Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 415 EP + PG 11 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 602EA UT WOS:000178491700004 ER PT J AU Markowitz, M Jin, X Hurley, A Simon, V Ramratnam, B Louie, M Deschenes, GR Ramanathan, M Barsoum, S Vanderhoeven, J He, T Chung, C Murray, J Perelson, AS Zhang, LQ Ho, DD AF Markowitz, M Jin, X Hurley, A Simon, V Ramratnam, B Louie, M Deschenes, GR Ramanathan, M Barsoum, S Vanderhoeven, J He, T Chung, C Murray, J Perelson, AS Zhang, LQ Ho, DD TI Discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy commenced early during the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, with or without adjunctive vaccination SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY FEB 04-08, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID CD4(+) T-CELLS; HIV-1 INFECTION; COMBINATION THERAPY; VIRAL SUPPRESSION; LATENT RESERVOIR; INDIVIDUALS; REPLICATION; LIPODYSTROPHY; PERSISTENCE; RESISTANCE AB Sixteen subjects were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy within 120 days of the onset of symptoms of newly acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Eleven of the 16 participated in an adjunctive therapeutic vaccine trial. After a mean of 3.2 years of treatment, they elected to discontinue therapy. Virus rebound occurred in all subjects and was followed by a spontaneous, transient although significant reduction in log plasma HIV-1 RNA level, ranging from 0.3 to 3.1 log(10) copies/mL. Despite evidence of the induction of HIV-1-specific cell-mediated immune responses, plasma viremia was not persistently suppressed to < 500 copies/mL in any subject. The magnitude and dynamics of virus rebound were similar in both vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects. Nevertheless, given the transient suppression of viremia observed in nearly all subjects after treatment has been discontinued, further investigations of adjunctive vaccination with optimized antiretroviral therapy in treating HIV-1 infection are warranted. C1 Univ Rochester, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Markowitz, M (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, 455 1st Ave,7th Fl, New York, NY 10016 USA. RI Murray, John/B-5481-2009 OI Murray, John/0000-0001-9314-2283 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-06555, RR-00102]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-41534, AI-42848, AI-47033] NR 39 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 5 BP 634 EP 643 DI 10.1086/342559 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 582LR UT WOS:000177352900007 PM 12195350 ER PT J AU Sohn, H Worden, K Farrar, CR AF Sohn, H Worden, K Farrar, CR TI Statistical damage classification under changing environmental and operational conditions SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE damage detection; time series analysis; neural network; hypothesis testing; environmental and operational variations ID SURVEILLANCE; NETWORKS AB Stated in its most basic form, the objective of damage diagnosis is to ascertain simply if damage is present or not based on measured dynamic characteristics of a system to be monitored. In reality, structures are subject to changing environmental and operational conditions that affect measured signals, and environmental and operational variations of the system can often mask subtle changes in the system's vibration signal caused by damage. In this paper, a unique combination of time series analysis, neural networks, and statistical inference techniques is developed for damage classification explicitly taking into account these ambient variations of the system. First, a time prediction model called an autoregressive and autoregressive with exogenous inputs (AR-ARX) model is developed to extract damage-sensitive features. Then, an autoassociative neural network is employed for data normalization, which separates the effect of damage on the extracted features from those caused by the environmental and vibration variations of the system. Finally, a hypothesis testing technique called a sequential probability ratio test is performed on the normalized features to automatically infer the damage state of the system. The usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a numerical example of a computer hard disk and an experimental study of an eight degree-of-freedom spring-mass system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T006, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 30 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 9 BP 561 EP 574 DI 10.1106/104538902030904 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 668XF UT WOS:000182319900002 ER PT J AU Kwok, KS Driessen, BJ Phillips, CA Tovey, CA AF Kwok, KS Driessen, BJ Phillips, CA Tovey, CA TI Analyzing the multiple-target-multiple-agent scenario using optimal assignment algorithms SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cooperation; multiple agent; network optimization; multiple target; matching; graphs; mobile robotics ID COOPERATION; ROBOTS AB This work considers the problem of maximum utilization of a set of mobile robots with limited sensor-range capabilities and limited travel distances. The robots are initially in random positions. A set of robots properly guards or covers a region if every point within the region is within the effective sensor range of at least one vehicle. We wish to move the vehicles into surveillance positions so as to guard or cover a region, while minimizing the maximum distance traveled by any vehicle. This problem can be formulated as an assignment problem, in which we must optimally decide which robot to assign to which slot of a desired matrix of grid points. The cost function is the maximum distance traveled by any robot. Assignment problems can be solved very efficiently. Solution times for one hundred robots took only seconds on a Silicon Graphics Crimson workstation. The initial positions of all the robots can be sampled by a central base station and their newly assigned positions communicated back to the robots. Alternatively, the robots can establish their own coordinate system with the origin fixed at one of the robots and orientation determined by the compass bearing of another robot relative to this robot. This paper presents example solutions to the multiple-target-multiple-agent scenario using a matching algorithm. Two separate cases with one hundred agents in each were analyzed using this method. We have found these mobile robot problems to be a very interesting application of optimal assignment algorithms, and we expect this to be a fruitful area for future research. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Kwok, KS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0296 J9 J INTELL ROBOT SYST JI J. Intell. Robot. Syst. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1023/A:1020238115592 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 594PK UT WOS:000178059300006 ER PT J AU Dolle, F Bramoulle, Y Hinnen, F Fowler, JS AF Dolle, F Bramoulle, Y Hinnen, F Fowler, JS TI Efficient synthesis and formulation of (R)-(-)-[C-11]Deprenyl, a selective radioligand for the quantification of MAO-B activity using PET SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE deprenyl; carbon-11; positron emission tomography; PET; MAO; monoamine oxidase ID BRAIN MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CLORGYLINE; DEPRENYL; INVIVO; FORMS AB Carbon-11 labeled (R)-(-)-Deprenyl is the tracer of reference for the quantification of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B activity with PET. In this paper, its radiosynthesis is re-investigated and oriented towards the preparation of multi-milliCuries of radiotracer. Typically, using no-carrier-added [C-11]methyl triflate as the alkylating agent, 140-190 mCi (5.1-7.0 GBq) of (R)-(-)-[C-11]Deprenyl was obtained within 30 min of radiosynthesis (including HPLC purification and formulation) with specific radioactivities ranging from 0.8 to 1.2Ci/mumol (29.6-44.4 GBq/mumol). The high efficiency of these radiosyntheses allows for multi-injection protocols and kinetic approaches for absolute quantification of the tracer. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, Dept Rech Med, CEA, F-91401 Orsay, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dolle, F (reprint author), Serv Hosp Frederic Joliot, Dept Rech Med, CEA, 4 Pl Gen Leclerc, F-91401 Orsay, France. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 45 IS 10 BP 803 EP 811 DI 10.1002/jlcr.604 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 597WJ UT WOS:000178243500001 ER PT J AU Berneis, KK Krauss, RM AF Berneis, KK Krauss, RM TI Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE atherosclerosis; low density lipoprotein; lipoprotein subclasses; insulin resistance; intermediate density lipoprotein; very low density lipoprotein ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; VERY-LOW-DENSITY; CHOLESTERYL ESTER TRANSFER; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-C-III; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; HEPATIC LIPASE DEFICIENCY AB LDLs in humans comprise multiple distinct subspecies that differ in their metabolic behavior and pathologic roles. Metabolic turnover studies suggest that this heterogeneity results from multiple pathways, including catabolism of different VLDL and IDL precursors, metabolic remodeling, and direct production. A common lipoprotein profile designated atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype is characterized by a predominance of small dense LDL particles. Multiple features of this phenotype, including increased levels of triglyceride rich lipoprotein remnants and IDLs, reduced levels of HDL and an association with insulin resistance, contribute to increased risk for coronary heart disease compared with individuals with a predominance of larger LDL. Increased atherogenic potential of small dense LDL is suggested by greater propensity for transport into the subendothelial space, increased binding to arterial proteoglycans, and susceptibility to oxidative modification. Large LDL particles also can be associated with increased coronary disease risk, particularly in the setting of normal or low triglyceride levels. Like small LDL, large LDL exhibits reduced LDL receptor affinity compared with intermediate sized LDL. Future delineation of the determinants of heterogeneity of LDL and other apoB-containing lipoproteins may contribute to improved identification and management of patients at high risk for atherosclerotic disease. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krauss, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 18574] NR 211 TC 425 Z9 438 U1 2 U2 22 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 43 IS 9 BP 1363 EP 1379 DI 10.1194/jlr.R200004-JLR200 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 598AL UT WOS:000178252900003 PM 12235168 ER PT J AU Marjanska, M Castiglione, F Walls, JD Pines, A AF Marjanska, M Castiglione, F Walls, JD Pines, A TI Measurement of dipolar couplings in partially oriented molecules by local field NMR spectroscopy with low-power decoupling SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE liquid crystalline solvents; NMR; proton-detected local field; PDLF; phase-modulated Lee-Goldburg; PMLG; heteronuclear spin-spin couplings; multiple pulse sequence ID SOLID-STATE NMR; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE SOLVENT; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; C-13 NMR; RESOLUTION AB Low-power phase-modulated Lee-Goldburg homonuclear decoupling was used to record PDLF spectra of fluorine-substituted benzene derivatives dissolved in nematic thermotropic liquid crystalline solvents. The low-power decoupling minimizes sample heating during RE irradiation while still achieving highly resolved PDLF spectra. The method is illustrated by recording spectra for 1,3-dichloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzene, 1,3-dichloro-4-fluorobenzene, and 1, 2-difluoro benzene dissolved in different nematic solvents. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 158 IS 1-2 BP 52 EP 59 AR PII S1090-7807(02)00059-9 DI 10.1016/S1090-7807(02)00059-9 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 619VE UT WOS:000179497500006 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Levin, EM Gschneidner, KA AF Zhang, W Levin, EM Gschneidner, KA TI The magnetic properties of Tb(Mn1-xFex)(2) solid solutions with 0.35 <= x <= 0.65 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE terbium-manganese-iron Laves phases; lattice parameters; DC magnetization; AC magnetic susceptibility ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TBMN2; INSTABILITY; TRANSITION; COMPOUND; MOMENT; FIELD; RMN2 AB The temperature (4.5-700 K) and magnetic field (0-50 kOe) dependencies of the DC magnetization, and AC magnetic susceptibility (5 Oe, 125 Hz AC field) of the polycrystalline CI 5 Laves phase Tb(Mn1-xFex)(2) alloys with x = 0.35, 0.5, and 0.65 have been measured. The substitution of Fe for Mn decreases the lattice parameter. At 5 K, the Tb(Mn1-xFex)(2) alloys exhibit a ferrimagnetic state because of the antiparallel alignment of the magnetic moments of Tb and the Fe + Mn atoms. The Curie temperature increases with increasing x, while remanence and coercivity decrease with x at low temperatures, and increase in the high temperature region. A slope change of the inverse DC magnetic susceptibility, chi(DC)(-1), was observed for all alloys and the corresponding temperature increases with increasing x. The temperature dependencies of the inverse AC magnetic susceptibility, (chi(AC)('))(-1), exhibit a peak at temperature close to the Curie temperature of each alloy and follow the Curie-Weiss law above this temperature. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 255 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 250 IS 1-3 BP 170 EP 178 AR PII S0304-8853(02)00377-3 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00377-3 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 608KB UT WOS:000178844100021 ER PT J AU Grumet, NS Guilderson, TP Dunbar, RB AF Grumet, NS Guilderson, TP Dunbar, RB TI Meridional transport in the Indian Ocean traced by coral radiocarbon SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOMB RADIOCARBON; SOMALI CURRENT; BANDED CORALS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; MONSOON; RECORD; C-14; VENTILATION AB Ocean circulation in the Indian Ocean is predominantly driven by the monsoon and is responsible for convergence along the equator. As a result, upwelling is primarily restricted to the western boundary where surface waters are anomalously depleted in C-14. Here, we describe aspects of western boundary upwelling based on insights derived from the first coral radiocarbon time-series in the Indian Ocean. The absence of a distinct subannual pre-bomb Delta(14)C signal suggests that open and coastal upwelling are negligible off the coast of Kenya. Instead, our results suggest that upwelling from the coast of Somalia and possibly Oman are the sources of the depleted seasonal Delta(14)C signal. In contrast, the southern hemisphere subtropical gyre provides water enriched in C-14. We demonstrate that the coral Delta(14)C time-series is a tracer for meridional transport in the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean exhibits a shallow cross-equatorial overturning circulation cell. Our results demonstrate that the Kenyan coral radiocarbon record is responding to a western boundary limb of this cell, similar to that observed in other subtropical oceans. Therefore, while the majority of cross-equatorial transport is in the interior and eastern basin of the Indian Ocean, our results argue that the Somali Current is a distinct pathway for inter-hemi spheric water mass exchange. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Grumet, NS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 60 IS 5 BP 725 EP 742 DI 10.1357/002224002762688713 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 649LH UT WOS:000181209600004 ER PT J AU Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, M Zhai, HY Christen, HM Martin, PM Goyal, A AF Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, M Zhai, HY Christen, HM Martin, PM Goyal, A TI Lanthanum zirconate: A single buffer layer processed by solution deposition for coated conductor fabrication SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YBCO FILMS; THIN-FILMS; ORIENTATION AB A single layer of La2Zr2O7 (LZO), deposited on textured Ni and Ni-1.7% Fe-3% W (Ni-W) tapes by a low-cost sol-gel process, is used as buffer layer for the growth of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coated conductors. It is shown for the first time that such single buffer layers can be used for the deposition of YBCO yielding critical current densities (J(c)) that are comparable to those typically obtained using CeO2/YSZ/Y2O3 trilayers on identical substrates, i.e., in excess of 1 MA/cm(2) at 77 K and self-field. The properties of the YBCO films and the dependence of Jc on thickness of the LZO layer are investigated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sathyamurthy, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 12 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2181 EP 2184 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0319 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 592ZY UT WOS:000177967800001 ER PT J AU Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Zhai, HY Christen, HM Sathyamurthy, S Christen, DK Ericson, RE AF Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Zhai, HY Christen, HM Sathyamurthy, S Christen, DK Ericson, RE TI Single buffer layers of LaMnO3 or La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 for the development of YBa2Cu3O7-delta-coated conductors: A comparative study SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM EVAPORATION; TEXTURED NI TAPES; COATED CONDUCTORS; GROWTH AB Single, epitaxial buffer layers of insulating LaMnO3 (LMO) or conductive La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) have been grown by sputter deposition on biaxially textured Ni and Ni-alloy substrates. We report baseline investigations of their compatibility with the YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coatings and demonstrate biaxially textured YBCO films grown by pulsed-laser deposition on these single-buffered tapes. Superconducting property characterizations revealed better properties for YBCO films on LMO-buffered tapes relative to those grown on LSMO layers. Self-field critical current densities (J(c)) exceeding 1 x 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K have been obtained for the YBCO (200 nm) films on LMO-buffer layers. These results offer prospects for the use of single, LMO-buffered metal tapes in the development of practical YBCO-coated conductors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. RP Aytug, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2193 EP 2196 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0322 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 592ZY UT WOS:000177967800004 ER PT J AU Pradhan, BK Harutyunyan, AR Stojkovic, D Grossman, JC Zhang, P Cole, MW Crespi, V Goto, H Fujiwara, J Eklund, PC AF Pradhan, BK Harutyunyan, AR Stojkovic, D Grossman, JC Zhang, P Cole, MW Crespi, V Goto, H Fujiwara, J Eklund, PC TI Large cryogenic storage of hydrogen in carbon nanotubes at low pressures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE NANOFIBERS; ADSORPTION; DENSITY AB We report up to 6 wt% storage of H-2 at 2 atm and T = 77 K in processed bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The hydrogen storage isotherms are completely reversible; D-2 isotherms confirmed this anomalous low-pressure adsorption and also revealed the effects of quantum mechanical zero point motion. We propose that our postsynthesis treatment of the sample improves access for hydrogen to the central pores within individual nanotubes and may also create a roughened tube surface with an increased binding energy for hydrogen. Such an enhancement may be needed to understand the strong adsorption at low pressure. We obtained an experimental isosteric heat q(st) = 125 5 meV. Calculations are also presented that indicate disorder in the tube wall enhances the binding energy of H-2. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Honda Res & Dev Co Ltd, Wako Res Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510193, Japan. RP Eklund, PC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Zhang, Peihong/D-2787-2012; OI Crespi, Vincent/0000-0003-3846-3193 NR 35 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 12 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2209 EP 2216 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0326 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 592ZY UT WOS:000177967800008 ER PT J AU Bell, NB DiAntonio, CB Dimos, DB AF Bell, NB DiAntonio, CB Dimos, DB TI Development of conductivity in low conversion temperature silver pastes via addition of nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SINTERING BEHAVIOR; GRAIN-GROWTH; POWDERS; SIZE; SIMULATIONS; SURFACE; SYSTEMS AB Silver nanoparticles were incorporated in a dispersion of micron-sized silver spheres for testing as a low-temperature reactive component to form conductive particle networks. The development of conductivity depended on the arrangement of the micron-sized particle network, the amount of material reacted to form necks at the points of contact of micron-sized particles, and sintering of the particle network. Nanoparticles reacted to bond the micron-sized particles, but the stress issues involved in nanoparticle sintering can cause macroscopic cracking. Critical processing variables include the state of particle dispersion, the heating rate, and the fraction of nano-sized material. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bell, NB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 2423 EP 2432 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0354 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 592ZY UT WOS:000177967800036 ER PT J AU McDeavitt, SM Billings, GW Indacochea, JE AF McDeavitt, SM Billings, GW Indacochea, JE TI Interfacial reactions of zirconium and zirconium-alloy liquid metals with beryllia at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; WETTABILITY; ALUMINA; SURFACE AB Argonne National Laboratory and Integrated Thermal Sciences, Inc. are developing crucible materials for melting reactive metals. A major part of this effort involves identifying reusable materials because they would have little or no interaction with the molten metals at elevated temperatures. Sessile drop-type experiments have been performed using pure zirconium and stainless steel-zirconium alloys (e.g., HT9-15Zr) on beryllia (BeO) substrates. The system was heated in high-purity argon to about 2000degreesC, held for 5 minutes, and cooled to room temperature. An external video camera monitored the interfacial interaction and wetting behavior. The zirconium melted and wetted the BeO at 1600degreesC, far below its melting point (1855degreesC). Post-test examinations show beryllium and oxygen dissolving in the zirconium metal. In addition, zirconium infiltrated the BeO substrate. No third phase reaction product was present at the zirconium-beryllia interface either at the top of the substrate or in the infiltrated region. HT9-15Zr also reacted with BeO; the alloy infiltrated partially into the BeO and formed a reaction-like layer attached to the ceramic substrate at the interface with the solidified metal. The rest of the liquid metal alloy did not wet the reaction product band. The results indicate that BeO is a poor crucible for the present application, but the observed wetting and infiltration phenomena are relevant to understanding the behavior of the liquid metal-ceramic interfaces. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. W CERAC Inc, McCarran, NV 89434 USA. Univ Illinois, CME Dept, Chicago, IL USA. RP McDeavitt, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 17 BP 3765 EP 3776 DI 10.1023/A:1016581829824 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 577EP UT WOS:000177048800026 ER PT J AU Swadener, JG Nastasi, M AF Swadener, JG Nastasi, M TI Effect of dopants on the fracture toughness of silicon SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE SILICON; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; HYDROGEN; STRENGTH C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swadener, JG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM swadener@lanl.gov OI Swadener, John G/0000-0001-5493-3461 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 17 BP 1363 EP 1365 DI 10.1023/A:1019772717743 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 584GE UT WOS:000177458200015 ER PT J AU Chen, D McNaney, JM Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Ritchie, RO AF Chen, D McNaney, JM Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Ritchie, RO TI Stress corrosion crack growth behavior of titanium alloy/bioactive glasses sandwiches in simulated SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stress corrosion; titanium alloy; bioactive glass; crack growth ID BIOACTIVE GLASS; COATINGS; ENVIRONMENTS; MECHANISMS; CERAMICS; IMPLANTS; SILICA; ALLOYS AB Based on a series of newly developed bioactive glasses having suitable thermo-mechanical properties to allow application as fixation agents between bone and titanium alloy biomedical implants, the stress corrosion crack growth (SCCG) behavior of their interfaces with Ti6Al4V was investigated in simulated body fluid (SBF) with the objective of discerning the salient mechanisms of crack advance and to assess the reliability of the bonds. Results indicated that crack growth rates in Ti6Al4V/glass/Ti6Al4V sandwich specimens were nearly the same as or slightly lower than those in the bulk glasses at comparable stress intensities; indeed, cracks would prefer to propagate off the interface, suggesting that the Ti6Al4V/glass interface has relatively good crack-growth resistance. Mechanistically, interfacial crack growth appears to be controlled by the classic stress corrosion mechanisms for silicate glasses, with no discernible effect of bioactivity on the SCCG behavior being observed. C1 Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, D (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; McNaney, James/F-5258-2013 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL MATER SCI TECHNOL PI SHENYANG PA 72 WENHUA RD, SHENYANG 110015, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1005-0302 J9 J MATER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Mater. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 387 EP 391 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 601JZ UT WOS:000178443700002 ER PT J AU Hanson, BL Bunick, GJ Harp, JM Edmundson, AB AF Hanson, BL Bunick, GJ Harp, JM Edmundson, AB TI Mcg in 2030: new techniques for atomic position determination of immune complexes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Review DE light chain dimer; cryocrystallography; helium; neutrons ID FLOW HELIUM CRYOSTAT; RADIATION-DAMAGE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; DATA-COLLECTION; LIGHT-CHAINS; CRYOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; BINDING AB The A-type light chain dimer from a patient (Mcg) with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis was a pioneer protein for determining the three-dimensional structures of immunoglobulins, understanding the effects of ligand binding, and exploring the use of combinatorial methods to identify novel peptides complementary to protein active sites. Despite 30 years of intense study, there are still unanswered questions about the structure of the Mcg dimer, especially with respect to positions of hydrogen atoms and solvent molecules. In the present report, we describe two techniques that will help define the roles of solvent in ligand interactions and complex formation with this immunoglobulin fragment: (1) introduction of helium as a cryogenic agent during X-ray data collection; and (2) addition of neutron diffraction analyses. These techniques should provide improved resolution, and a more accurate structure of the Mcg dimer. Resolution enhancements of 0.5 Angstrom have been achieved in preliminary experiments with cryogenic helium, as compared with the best X-ray diffraction data obtained previously. In the near future, neutron diffraction studies should produce the first hydrogen structure for the Mcg dimer and help elucidate the ligand preferences and amyloidogenic properties of this eminently useful protein. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Syst, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Oklahoma Med Res Fdn, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP Hanson, BL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hanson, Bryant Leif/F-8007-2010 OI Hanson, Bryant Leif/0000-0003-0345-3702 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1002/jmr.591 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 619JK UT WOS:000179472700010 PM 12447907 ER PT J AU Triolo, A Lo Celso, F Triolo, F Amenitsch, H Steinhart, M Thiyagarajan, P Wells, S DeSimone, JM Triolo, R AF Triolo, A Lo Celso, F Triolo, F Amenitsch, H Steinhart, M Thiyagarajan, P Wells, S DeSimone, JM Triolo, R TI Kinetics of block-copolymer aggregation in super critical CO2 SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Discussion Meeting on Relaxations in Complex Systems (IDMRCS) CY JUN 17-23, 2001 CL IRAKLION, GREECE ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE; MICELLES; SURFACTANTS; PRESSURE; DENSITY AB Small angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS) are used to obtain structural information on the aggregation behavior of block-copolymers dissolved in supercritical CO2. The SANS technique is used to provide a detailed structural model for the micellar aggregates, which form below the critical micellization density (CMD), that we defined in our previous work. The SAXS technique (with a synchrotron source) is used to provide the first experimental information concerning the kinetic features of both formation and decomposition of such aggregates as soon as pressure jumps are applied to the solutions across the CMD. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, BENSC, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Chim Fis, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Austrian Acad Sci, IBSR, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, CR-16206 Prague, Czech Republic. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Triolo, A (reprint author), CNR, Ist Processi Chimicofis, Sez Messina, Via La Farina 237, I-98123 Messina, Italy. RI Triolo, Alessandro/B-7760-2008; Lo Celso, Fabrizio/B-7554-2012; Triolo, Alessandro/A-4431-2012; Steinhart, Milos/H-6968-2014; OI Triolo, Alessandro/0000-0003-4074-0743; Amenitsch, Heinz/0000-0002-0788-1336 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD SEP PY 2002 VL 307 BP 725 EP 730 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01553-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01553-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 594FJ UT WOS:000178038100096 ER PT J AU Ebert, WL Lewis, MA Johnson, SG AF Ebert, WL Lewis, MA Johnson, SG TI The precision of product consistency tests conducted with a glass-bonded ceramic waste form SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB The product consistency test (PCT) that is used for qualification of borosilicate high-level radioactive waste (HLW) glasses for disposal can be used for the same purpose in the qualification of the glass-bonded sodalite ceramic waste form (CWF). The CWF was developed to immobilize radioactive salt wastes generated during the electrometallurgical treatment of spent sodium-bonded nuclear fuels. An interlaboratory study was conducted to measure the precision of PCTs conducted with the CWF for comparison with the precision of PCTs conducted with HLW glasses. The six independent sets of triplicate PCT results generated in the study were used to calculate the intralaboratory and interlaboratory consistency based on the concentrations of At, B, Na, and Si in the test solutions. The results indicate that PCTs can be conducted as precisely with the CWF as with HLW glasses. For example, the values of the reproducibility standard deviation for At, B, Na, and Si were 1.36, 0.347, 3.40, and 2.97 mg/l for PCT with CWF. These values are within the range of values measured for borosilicate glasses, including reference HLW glasses. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab W, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Ebert, WL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 305 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00913-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00913-3 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 595LM UT WOS:000178110900006 ER PT J AU Rose, SL Pietri, CE AF Rose, SL Pietri, CE TI Workers as research subjects: A vulnerable population SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Workers should be considered as a vulnerable human subjects research population since they require special protections. The Code of Federal Regulations "Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects in Research" does not offer adequate definition of this issue. Currently there is no formal ethical framework that addresses the unique vulnerability of workers (or former workers) who participate in research studies. This article addresses this concern and is based on a larger report Published by the U.S. Department of Energy Further, even though workers may be study subjects for legitimate political, social, and scientific reasons, meritorious science and adherence to the Common Rule must be the and adherence to the Common Rule must be the expectation. C1 Human Subjects Res Program, US Dept Energy, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Rose, SL (reprint author), Human Subjects Res Program, US Dept Energy, SC-72,19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 44 IS 9 BP 801 EP 805 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000030986.78799.55 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 591KX UT WOS:000177880000001 PM 12227671 ER PT J AU McClean, JL Poulain, PM Pelton, JW Maltrud, ME AF McClean, JL Poulain, PM Pelton, JW Maltrud, ME TI Eulerian and lagrangian statistics from surface drifters and a high-resolution POP simulation in the North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OCEAN CIRCULATION; EDDY KINETIC-ENERGY; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MODEL AB Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics were calculated from the North Atlantic surface drifter dataset for the years 1993-97 and a high-resolution eddy-resolving configuration of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model. The main purpose of the study was to statistically quantify the state of the surface circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean for this period and compare it with the equivalent modeled state. Diffusivities and time and length scales are anisotropic over most of the ocean basin, except in most of the subpolar regions. Typical time and length scales are 2-4 days and 20-50 km. Longest timescales are found in the energetically quiescent regions in the south and southeast sectors of the basin. The longest length scales are found in the energetic western boundary current system, the most dispersive region of the domain. In many respects the eddy-resolving model reproduced a surface circulation in good statistical agreement with that depicted by the drifters. Model time and length scales were also anisotropic, with typical timescales of 2-4 days and length scales of 20-50 km in the zonal direction, and 30-50 km in the meridional direction. An eddy-permitting POP simulation produced unrealistic time and length scales that were too long and too short relative to the drifter scales; these were attributed to the model being too stable hydrodynamically. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP McClean, JL (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Code OC-Mn, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. OI Poulain, Pierre-Marie/0000-0003-1342-8463 NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 32 IS 9 BP 2472 EP 2491 DI 10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2472 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 588GX UT WOS:000177694700004 ER PT J AU Wong, CY AF Wong, CY TI Dissociation of heavy quarkonia in the quark-gluon plasma SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC MATTER; CROSS-SECTIONS; J/PSI ABSORPTION; MESONS; MODEL; SUPPRESSION; SCATTERING; PI AB Using a temperature-dependent potential obtained from lattice gauge calculations of Karsch et al, we study the stability of heavy quarkonia in the quark-gluon plasma. We find that only the Y(1S) and eta(b)(1S) are bound in the quark-gluon plasma, and have a small binding energy. The quark-gluon plasma may be revealed by an Y(1S) dilepton peak with an invariant mass close to twice the current b quark mass, which is lower than the T (1S) mass in free space. The quarkonia Y(1S) and eta(b) (1S) can dissociate by collision with quarks and gluons in the quark-gluon plasma. The T (1S) and the eta(b) (1S) can also dissociate spontaneously at temperatures above the dissociation temperature 1.11 T-c where T-c is the quark-gluon plasma phase transition temperature. At temperatures slightly above the dissociation temperature these states appear as resonances, which provides another signature for the quark-gluon plasma. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wong, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 28 IS 9 BP 2349 EP 2364 AR PII S0954-3899(02)37697-7 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/28/9/302 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 600QU UT WOS:000178403200003 ER PT J AU Azuelos, G Benchekroun, D Cakir, O Elfgren, E Gianotti, F Hansen, JB Hinchliffe, I Hohlfeld, M Jakobs, K Leroy, C Mehdiyev, R Paige, FE Polesello, G Stenzel, H Tapprogge, S Usubov, Z Vacavant, L AF Azuelos, G Benchekroun, D Cakir, O Elfgren, E Gianotti, F Hansen, JB Hinchliffe, I Hohlfeld, M Jakobs, K Leroy, C Mehdiyev, R Paige, FE Polesello, G Stenzel, H Tapprogge, S Usubov, Z Vacavant, L TI Impact of energy and luminosity upgrades at LHC on the physics programme of ATLAS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; CERN LHC; GRAND UNIFICATION; SUPERSYMMETRY; SUPERGRAVITY; MUON; SCALARS AB The impact of possible LHC upgrades on the physics capabilities of the ATLAS detector is discussed. As a benchmark, an increase in the luminosity by a factor of 10 is considered. For comparison, the doubling of the LHC energy is also explored. Both upgrades significantly enhance the physics capabilities of ATLAS. Measured in terms of the mass reach for new particles, the energy upgrade is more powerful. However, in cases where the effect of an upgrade is to increase the precision of measurements as a result of larger data samples, the luminosity upgrade can be at least as powerful. The pile-up of minimum bias events at higher luminosity could limit the physics performance of ATLAS in areas where tagging of forward jets is needed. C1 Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco. Ankara Univ, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Mainz, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, Pavia, Italy. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. HIP, Helsinki, Finland. Azerbaijan Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Baku 370143, Azerbaijan. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RP Azuelos, G (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RI Mehdiyev, Rashid/H-6299-2013 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 28 IS 9 BP 2453 EP 2474 AR PII S0954-3899(02)38437-8 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/28/9/309 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 600QU UT WOS:000178403200010 ER PT J AU Hassan, NM King, WD McCabe, DJ Hamm, LL Johnson, ME AF Hassan, NM King, WD McCabe, DJ Hamm, LL Johnson, ME TI SuperLig (R) 644 equilibrium sorption data for cesium from Hanford tank waste supernates SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SILICA-GEL; SEPARATION AB SuperLig(R) 644 ion exchange resin is currently being evaluated for cesium (Cs-137) removal from radioactive Hanford tank wastes. To assess the performance of the resin in column configuration, a multiple batch contact method was used to determine the equilibrium distribution coefficients (K-d) and percent removal for Cs-137 from highly alkaline waste solutions obtained from the Hanford Site. The equilibrium loading data were interpreted in terms of Freundlich and Dublin-Radushkevics (D-R) isotherms. The equations fit the experimental data remarkably well considering the complexity of the Hanford tank waste compositions. The mean energy of adsorption and total resin capacity were calculated. The mean free energy for adsorption of cesium from Hanford tanks was similar to9 kJ/mol. The total exchange capacity of the SuperLig(R) 644 resin ranged from 0.72 to 3.46 mmole/g resin, depending on the Hanford tank composition. The K-d results reveal that SuperLig(R) 644 resin in highly selective for cesium in the presence of relatively high concentrations of sodium and potassium salts. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. CH2MILL Hanford Grp Inc, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hassan, NM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, POB 616, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 253 IS 3 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1023/A:1020401032061 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 594KJ UT WOS:000178048500005 ER PT J AU Carlson, BC AF Carlson, BC TI Three improvements in reduction and computation of elliptic integrals SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computational algorithm; elementary symmetric function; elliptic integral; hyperelliptic integral; hypergeometric R-function; recurrence relations; series expansion AB Three improvements in reduction and computation of elliptic integrals are made. 1. Reduction formulas, used to express many elliptic integrals in terms of a few standard integrals, are simplified by modifying the definition of intermediate "basic integrals." 2. A faster than quadratically convergent series is given for numerical computation of the complete symmetric elliptic integral of the third kind. 3. A series expansion of an elliptic or hyperelliptic integral in elementary symmetric functions is given, illustrated with numerical coefficients for terms through degree seven for the symmetric elliptic integral of the first kind. Its usefulness for elliptic integrals, in particular, is important. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS 5 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.6028/jres.107.034 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 611TL UT WOS:000179033800003 PM 27446741 ER PT J AU Phillips, MLF Nenoff, TM Thompson, CT Harrison, WTA AF Phillips, MLF Nenoff, TM Thompson, CT Harrison, WTA TI Variations on the (3,4)-net motif in organo-zincophosphite chemistry: Syntheses and structures of (CN3H6)(2)center dot Zn-3(HPO3)(4)center dot H2O and H3N(CH2)(3)NH3 center dot Zn-3(HPO3)(4)center dot H2O SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HPO3 PSEUDO PYRAMIDS; ZINC PHOSPHATE; BUILT-UP; ZNO4 TETRAHEDRA; DENSITY AB The solution-mediated syntheses and single-crystal structures of (CN3H6)(2) . Zn-3(HPO3)(4) . H2O (I) an H3N(CH2)(3)NH3 . Zn-3(HPO3)(4) . H2O (II) are reported. These phases contain networks of vertex-sharing ZnO4 tetrahedra and HPO3 pseudopyramids accompanied by organic cations and water molecules. Despite their similar formulae, these phases adopt different crystal structures, in terms of three-dimensional and two-dimensional ZnO4\HPO3 networks, for I and II, respectively. Their similarities and differences to other zinc phosphites and phosphates are briefly discussed. Crystal data: (CN3H6)(2) . Zn-3(HPO3)(4) . H2O, M-r = 654.23, triclinic, P (1) over bar (No. 2), a = 7.5121 (3) Angstrom, b = 8.9927 (4) Angstrom, c = 15.1530 (6) Angstrom, alpha = 90.256 (1)degrees, beta = 93.391 (1)degrees, gamma = 111.091 (1)degrees, V = 953.04 (7) Angstrom(3) Z = 2, R(F) = 0.048, wR(F-2) = 0.121. H3N(CH2)(3)NH3 . Zn-3(HPO3)(4) . H2O, M-r = 610.22, monoclinic, C2/c (No. 15), a = 8.9310 (4) Angstrom b = 14.4308 (6) Angstrom, c = 14.3669 (6) Angstrom, beta = 104.624 (1)degrees, V = 1791.64 (13) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, R(F) = 0.033, wR(F-2) = 0.087. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Chem, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Harrison, WTA (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Chem, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1006/jssc.2002.9539 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 595KR UT WOS:000178108700011 ER PT J AU Karen, P Woodward, PM Santhosh, PN Vogt, T Stephens, PW Pagola, S AF Karen, P Woodward, PM Santhosh, PN Vogt, T Stephens, PW Pagola, S TI Verwey transition under oxygen loading in RBaFe2O5+w (R = Nd and Sm) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mixed valence; charge ordering ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MAGNETITE FE3O4; STATE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; DIFFRACTION; MODEL AB Double-cell perovskites RBaFe2O5+W, (R = Nd and Sm) are synthesized in the -0.03 < w < 0.47 portion of the nonstoichiometry range. The ideal composition with w = 0 has di- and trivalent iron in equal proportions and exhibits a charge-ordering Verwey transition upon cooling, preceded by a weaker premonitory transition. Both transitions are detectable by differential scanning calorimetry. The changes in entropy, volume, orthorhombic distortion and electrical conductivity at the main transition are larger for the variant with the smaller Sm atom than for R = Nd. The discontinuity of the SmBaFe2O5+W,, transition also persists into much higher levels of the oxygen nonstoichiometry w than for the R = Nd variant. Whereas 3D-charge-ordered SmBaFe2O5.00 is isostructural with TbBaFe2O5.00 adopting space group Pmma, NdBaFe2O5.00 undergoes a more profound structural change upon entering the charge-ordered state, the structure of which is refined in the P2(1)ma symmetry from high-resolution X-ray synchrotron diffraction data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Karen, P (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, POB 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RI Karen, Pavel/A-9062-2008; Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; OI Karen, Pavel/0000-0003-2937-6477; Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; PAGOLA, SILVINA/0000-0003-2083-7599 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 480 EP 493 DI 10.1006/jssc.2002.9665 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 595KR UT WOS:000178108700030 ER PT J AU Richter, KW Flandorfer, H Franzen, HF AF Richter, KW Flandorfer, H Franzen, HF TI New ternary compounds MxTa11-xGe8 (M=Ti, Zr, Hf): Structure and stabilization SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ternary germanides; crystal structure; bonding; disorder; differential fractional site occupation ID TA-NB-S; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SITE OCCUPANCY; METAL; SULFIDES; SYSTEM; TANTALUM AB The title compounds MxTa11 Ge-x(8) (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) were prepared from the pure elements by arc-melting and subsequent induction heating at temperatures between 1200degreesC and 1400degreesC. X-ray powder diffraction studies of the samples were performed using the Guinier technique and the respective powder patterns were refined with a structure model based on the orthorhombic Cr11Ge8-structure type (oP76, Pnma). The homogeneity ranges of the compounds were determined to be 0.9 < x < 1.3 (M = Ti), 0.7 < x < 1.3 (M = Zr) and 0.7 < x < 2.4 (M = Hf) by means of electron probe microanalysis. Chemical bonding, electronic structure and site preferences are discussed based on extended Huckel calculations performed on hypothetical binary Ta11Ge8. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Anorgan Chem, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Richter, KW (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Anorgan Chem, Wahringerstr 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RI Richter, Klaus/D-9869-2013; OI Richter, Klaus/0000-0001-7128-6956 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 167 IS 2 BP 517 EP 524 DI 10.1006/jssc.2002.9674 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 595KR UT WOS:000178108700033 ER PT J AU Farrell, WM Tribble, AC Steinberg, JT AF Farrell, WM Tribble, AC Steinberg, JT TI Similarities in the plasma wake of the moon and space shuttle SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE ENHANCEMENT; LUNAR WAKE; EXPANSION; ORBITER; SATELLITE; VACUUM AB As a result of the Wind spacecraft encounters with the moon, a new view of the lunar wake in the high-density solar wind plasma has emerged. Specifically, the lunar wake was considered to be magnetosonic in nature but is now demonstrated to be a kinetically driven structure filling in via ion sonic disturbances. The structure appears to be determined via kinetic plasma microinstabilities, rather than a bulk magnetohydrodynamic shock. Examining the specific structure, it becomes apparent that the lunar wake and that of the space shuttle have many similarities, suggesting that the shuttle wake is also driven via kinetic instabilities. Comparisons of the two wakes are presented in detail, illustrating the dominance of the kinetic phenomena in the replenishment of both plasma voids. The general concepts presented in this study have applications to other structures immersed in a plasma How, including the space station. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Rockwell Collins, Ctr Adv Technol, Cedar Rapids, IA 52498 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrell, WM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Farrell, William/I-4865-2013 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 749 EP 754 DI 10.2514/2.3874 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 605LL UT WOS:000178679300017 ER PT J AU Zhang, RG Grembecka, J Vinokour, E Collart, F Dementieva, I Minor, W Joachimiak, A AF Zhang, RG Grembecka, J Vinokour, E Collart, F Dementieva, I Minor, W Joachimiak, A TI Structure of Bacillus subtilis YXKO - A member of the UPF0031 family and a putative kinase SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus subtilis YXKO; UPF0031 family; kinase; structural genomics ID 1.5 ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; PROTEIN; DATABASE; CLASSIFICATION; PROGRAMS; GENOMICS; COMPLEX; NMR AB We determined the 1.6-Angstrom resolution crystal structure of a conserved hypothetical 29.9-kDa protein from the SIGY-CYDD intergenic region encoded by a Bacillus subtilis open reading frame in the YXKO locus. YXKO homologues are broadly distributed and are by and large described as proteins with unknown function. The YXKO protein has an alpha/beta fold and shows high structural homology to the members of a ribokinase-like superfamily. However, YXKO is the only member of this superfamily known to form tetramers. Putative binding sites for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a substrate, and Mg2+-binding sites were revealed in the structure of the protein, based on high structural similarity to ATP-dependent members of the superfamily. Two adjacent monomers contribute residues to the active site. The crystal structure provides valuable information about the YXKO protein's tertiary and quaternary structure, the biochemical function of YXKO and its homologues, and the evolution of its ribokinase-like superfamily. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Biol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Minor, Wladek/F-3096-2014; OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483; Minor, Wladek/0000-0001-7075-7090 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414, P50 GM062414, P50 GM062414-02] NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 139 IS 3 BP 161 EP 170 AR PII S1047-8477(02)00532-4 DI 10.1016/S1047-8477(02)00532-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 623BF UT WOS:000179682700004 PM 12457846 ER PT J AU Kornberg, MA Godunov, AL Ortiz, SI Ederer, DL McGuire, JH Young, L AF Kornberg, MA Godunov, AL Ortiz, SI Ederer, DL McGuire, JH Young, L TI Interaction of atomic systems with X-ray free-electron lasers SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE free-electron lasers; photoionization; strong-field effects; hollow atoms; multiple ionization ID HOLLOW ATOMS; CUKH-ALPHA(1,2) HYPERSATELLITES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; DOUBLE-IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; CHARGED IONS; PHOTOIONIZATION; HELIUM; EMISSION; LITHIUM AB The planned construction of an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) will provide new opportunities for research in various areas of physics, chemistry and biology. The proposed design of the XFELs at DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) and SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) is built on the concept of a fourth-generation synchrotron source and will provide an intense pulse (I-0 similar or equal to 10(16) W cm(-2), tau(gamma) similar or equal to 100 fs) for photon wavelengths down to 1 Angstrom. Some guidelines for applications of these sources pertaining to atomic physics are presented here. Issues such as the onset of strong photon-field effects, multiple ionization and hollow-atom formation are analyzed. Attention is especially given to studying the interaction with rare-gas atoms, for which some numerical estimates are provided. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kornberg, MA (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RI Godunov, Alexander/G-4266-2011 NR 52 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 9 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1107/S0909049502010567 PN 5 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 588HC UT WOS:000177695200005 PM 12200573 ER PT J AU Shastri, SD Fezzaa, K Mashayekhi, A Lee, WK Fernandez, PB Lee, PL AF Shastri, SD Fezzaa, K Mashayekhi, A Lee, WK Fernandez, PB Lee, PL TI Cryogenically cooled bent double-Laue monochromator for high-energy undulator X-rays (50-200 keV) SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray optics; high-energy X-rays; high-energy monochromators ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CRYSTALS; APS AB A liquid-nitrogen-cooled monochromator for high-energy X-rays consisting of two bent Si(111) Laue crystals adjusted to sequential Rowland conditions has been in operation for over two years at the SRI-CAT sector 1 undulator beamline of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). It delivers over ten times more flux than a flat-crystal monochromator does at high energies, without any increase in energy width (DeltaE/E similar or equal to 10(-3)). Cryogenic cooling permits optimal flux, avoiding a sacrifice from the often employed alternative technique of filtration - a technique less effective at sources like the 7 GeVAPS, where considerable heat loads can be deposited by high-energy photons, especially at closed undulator gaps. The fixed-offset geometry provides a fully tunable in-line monochromatic beam. In addition to presenting the optics performance, unique crystal design and stable bending mechanism for a cryogenically cooled crystal under high heat load, the bending radii adjustment procedures are described. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shastri, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 9 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1107/S0909049502009986 PN 5 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 588HC UT WOS:000177695200009 PM 12200577 ER PT J AU Hennessy, A Graham, G Hastings, J Siddons, DP Zhong, Z AF Hennessy, A Graham, G Hastings, J Siddons, DP Zhong, Z TI New pressure flow cell to monitor BaSO4 precipitation using synchrotron in situ angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE high pressure; synchrotron in situ X-ray diffraction; scale; BaSO4 ID ASYMMETRIC LAUE CRYSTALS AB A flow cell has been commissioned to monitor in situ precipitation reactions under non-ambient conditions. The majority of high-pressure systems use anvils and presses to obtain high pressures around a small reaction area; however, this prototype is unique in that solutions may be examined as they flow through the cell under pressure. The cell is made of single-crystal silicon, which is capable of withstanding the high pressures created by liquid flow within the cell. With the capability of reaching pressures of up to 4 x 10(7) Pa, the cell is ideal for work on geological and oilfield systems. Here it is used to examine the formation of barium sulfate scale in situ under nonambient conditions using angle-dispersive XRD on beamline X17b1 at the NSLS. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hennessy, A (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 9 BP 323 EP 324 DI 10.1107/S0909049502011597 PN 5 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 588HC UT WOS:000177695200010 PM 12200578 ER PT J AU Kolman, DG Chavarria, R AF Kolman, DG Chavarria, R TI Liquid-metal embrittlement of 7075 aluminum and 4340 steel compact tension specimens by gallium SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE liquid-metal embrittlement; aluminum 7075; 4340 steel; gallium; fracture toughness ID SITU TEM OBSERVATIONS; ALLOY; PENETRATION; AL AB Liquid-metal embrittlement of aluminum alloy 7075-T6 and AISI 4340 steel by gallium has been observed previously. Unfortunately, quantitative data regarding the level of embrittlement are limited due to the difficulty of testing fracture mechanics specimens. This study uses L-T compact tension specimens to determine the threshold stress intensity for crack initiation during exposure to gallium. Sample surfaces were wet with gallium prior to exposure at 35degreesC by removing the crack tip and side groove oxide film with a scalpel in the presence of gallium. Both 4340 steel and 7075 Al were embrittled by Ga as measured by threshold stress intensity. K-thi, the stress intensity at crack initiation as detected by direct current potential drop (DCPD), for 4340 and 7075 was 33% and 5% of K-Ici (the fracture toughness as detected by DCPD), respectively. In contrast to air-exposed samples, extremely rapid crack propagation to failure of Ga-exposed samples was observed. Fractography revealed intergranular fracture of Al 7075 and 4340 steel following Ga exposure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kolman, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Mail Stop E530, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 452 EP 456 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 603NT UT WOS:000178566500010 ER PT J AU Garcia, VJ Schilling, CH AF Garcia, VJ Schilling, CH TI Advances in the modeling and measurement of drained compressibility SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONSOLIDATION; SUSPENSIONS; SEDIMENTATION; CENTRIFUGE; FILTRATION AB We have re-examined the analysis of centrifugal consolidation experiments for the determination of drained compressibility. Existing models for centrifugation of ceramic powder suspensions are prone to error, because they do not fully account for spatial variations of both the centrifugal acceleration and packing density. We present a new model that accounts for these two effects. We also derive dimensionless parameters that separately describe the error contributions that result from the heterogeneities of both the centrifugal acceleration and packing density. These dimensionless parameters make it no longer necessary to determine drained compressibility by the complicated method of nondestructively measuring the density profiles of centrifuge cakes and then substituting these profiles into a complex mathematical equation that is difficult to solve. Instead, one can evaluate drained compressibility by applying a correction factor to a simple experimental method of measuring the cake height during multispeed centrifugation. In turn, this procedure provides a valuable, new tool to characterize the effects of ceramic processing variables on their tendency to produce density gradients during powder consolidation. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Garcia, VJ (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Merida 5101, Venezuela. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2200 EP 2208 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00435.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 592VN UT WOS:000177957700011 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Mora, F Routbort, JL AF Gutierrez-Mora, F Routbort, JL TI Electrical characterization of a joined electroceramic, La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; Y-TZP; CREEP AB Pieces of saw-cut La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 were joined at 1150degrees and 1250degreesC under a compressive stress. The strains to form the joints were similar to0.1. Joints formed by plastic deformation were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and they were indistinguishable from the bulk. The room-temperature direct-current resistivity of the joined pieces was identical to that measured in the bulk material. This indicated that a sound, electrically conducting joint could be formed using plastic deformation (grain-boundary sliding) with little surface preparation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gutierrez-Mora, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 85 IS 9 BP 2370 EP 2372 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00463.x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 592VN UT WOS:000177957700039 ER PT J AU Todd, PJ Schaaff, TG AF Todd, PJ Schaaff, TG TI A secondary ion microprobe ion trap mass spectrometer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; TISSUE; SIMS; SAMPLES AB An ion trap mass analyzer has been attached to an organic secondary ion microprobe. A pressure differential >100 can be maintained between the ion trap and microprobe. The well-focused secondary ion beam can transit a small (2 mm) diameter tube, but gas flow from ion trap to microprobe is impeded. This pressure differential allows the microprobe to retain imaging capability. Ion trap and microprobe data systems are integrated by taking advantage of the highly reproducible periodicity of the ion trap operating in resonant ejection mode and asynchronous signal and data acquisition afforded by commercially available interface cards. Secondary ion mass spectra and images obtained indicate an approximately 10-fold improvement in sensitivity, although preliminary evidence indicates low (<1%) trapping efficiency. Image data acquisition using the ion trap for mass analysis requires at least 10 times as much time compared to using a quadrupole mass filter because the mass-selected instability mode is used for mass analysis, i.e., mass resolution in the ion trap is not continuous as it is in the quadrupole. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2002, 13, 1099-1107) (C) 2002 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM toddpj@ornl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 41617] NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 IS 9 BP 1099 EP 1107 AR PII S1044-0305(02)00434-8 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(02)00434-8 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 594ZW UT WOS:000178083200009 PM 12322957 ER PT J AU Blot-Chabaud, M Cluzeaud, F Ramez, M Mohandas, N Gascard, PD AF Blot-Chabaud, M Cluzeaud, F Ramez, M Mohandas, N Gascard, PD TI Heterogeneous tissue and cellular distribution of 4.1 proteins in mouse kidney SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Paris 07, INSERM, U478, Paris, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Blot-Chabaud, Marcel/D-4064-2017 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 13 SU S BP 484A EP 485A PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 589KL UT WOS:000177757502373 ER PT J AU Monti, P Fernando, HJS Princevac, M Chan, WC Kowalewski, TA Pardyjak, ER AF Monti, P Fernando, HJS Princevac, M Chan, WC Kowalewski, TA Pardyjak, ER TI Observations of flow and turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer over a slope SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRATIFIED SHEAR-LAYER; SEA-BREEZE; KATABATIC WINDS; COMPLEX TERRAIN; DRAINAGE FLOW; MIXED LAYER; MODEL; FLUID; ENTRAINMENT; DIFFUSION AB Measurements were conducted on an eastern slope of the Salt Lake Basin (SLB) as a part of the Vertical Transport and Mixing Experiment (VTMX) conducted in October 2000. Of interest was the nocturnal boundary layer on a slope (in particular, katabatic flows) in the absence of significant synoptic influence. Extensive measurements of mean flow, turbulence, temperature, and solar radiation were made, from which circulation patterns on the slope and the nature of stratified turbulence in katabatic winds were inferred. The results show that near the surface (<25-50 m) the nocturnal flow is highly stratified and directed downslope, but at higher levels winds strongly vary in magnitude and direction with height and time, implying the domination of upper levels by air intrusions. These intrusions may peel off from different slopes surrounding the SLB, have different densities, and flow at their equilibrium density levels. The turbulence was generally weak and continuous, but sudden increases of turbulence levels were detected as the mean gradient Richardson number <(Ri(g))over bar> dropped to about unity. With a short timescale (Ri(g)) over bar fluctuated on the order of a few tens of seconds while modulating with a longer (along-slope internal waves sloshing) timescale of about half an hour. The mixing efficiency (or the flux Richardson number) of the flow was found to be a strong function of (Ri(g)) over bar similar to that found in laboratory experiments with inhomogeneous stratified shear flows. The eddy diffusivities of momentum and heat were evaluated, and they showed a systematic variation with (Ri(g)) over bar when scaled with the shear length scale and the rms vertical velocity of turbulence. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Environm Fluid Dynam Program, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Idraul Trasporti & Strade, Rome, Italy. Polish Acad Sci, IPPT PAN, Warsaw, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Environm Fluid Dynam Program, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM j.fernando@asu.edu RI monti, paolo/C-7886-2009; Kowalewski, Tomasz /F-2055-2011 OI monti, paolo/0000-0001-5194-1351; Kowalewski, Tomasz /0000-0002-3664-9659 NR 71 TC 129 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 59 IS 17 BP 2513 EP 2534 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2513:OOFATI>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 578KC UT WOS:000177115500001 ER PT J AU Idemoto, Y Sato, Y Koura, N Richardson, JW Loong, CK Takeuchi, K AF Idemoto, Y Sato, Y Koura, N Richardson, JW Loong, CK Takeuchi, K TI Effect of heat treatment for crystal structure and ferroelectric properties of Sr1-xBi2+xTa2O9-delta (x=0, 0.2) SO JOURNAL OF THE CERAMIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA Japanese DT Article DE ferroelectric material; crystal structure; neutron diffraction analysis; heat treatment; physical property; bilayer compound; ferroelectric property ID SRBI2TA2O9 THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; TANTALATE; SR AB Ferroelectric material of SrBi2Ta2O9 consists of (Bi2O2)(2+) layer and peseudoperovskite block, (SrTa2O7)(2-.) The crystal structure, defect, oxygen nonstoichiometory, and ferroelectric properties change by heat treatment. In this study, we investigated the relation between crystal structure, physical properties and ferroelectric properties by various heat treatment of Sr1-xBi2+xTa2O9-delta (x=0, 0.2). From the results, the remanent polarization (P-r) and coercive field (E-c) increase by heat treatment at x = 0. On the other hand, P-r is almost constant and E, decreased with heat treatment of oxidation direction at x = 0.2. The dielectric constant (E-c) increase with heat treatment of oxidation direction and Curie temperature (T-C) decrease by heat treatment at x = 0. On the other hand, epsilon(s) decreased with heat treatment of oxidation direction and T-C decrease by heat treatment at x = 0.2. From the results of structural analysis by the Rietveld method using the neutron powder diffraction data, we concluded that the distortion of (Bi2O2)(2+) layer and TaO4 plane, and tilting angle of TaO6 octahedra on a-c plane affect E-c. The tilting angle of TaO6 octahedra on b-c plane affects T-C. C1 Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Ind Sci & Technol, Oshamambe, Hokkaido 0493514, Japan. RP Idemoto, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CERAMIC SOC JAPAN-NIPPON SERAMIKKUSU KYOKAI PI TOKYO PA 22-17, HYAKUNIN-CHO 2-CHOME, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 169-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0743 EI 1348-6535 J9 J CERAM SOC JPN JI J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 110 IS 9 BP 859 EP 866 DI 10.2109/jcersj.110.859 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 604WZ UT WOS:000178645200015 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J Pandya, K Amine, K AF Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J Pandya, K Amine, K TI Local structure of dilute gallium ions in LiNi0.908Co0.085Ga0.003O2 cathode material - In situ X-ray absorption study SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BATTERIES; OXIDE; ENVIRONMENTS; SPECTRA AB We have utilized "in situ'' X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study the local atomic structure of dilute Ga dopants in LiNi0.908Co0.085Ga0.003O2 cathode material. We find that in the as-prepared material Ga3+ ions occupy Ni-type sites in the host lattice, as expected. On delithiation (charging), Ga migrates from octahedral Ni-type sites to interstitial tetrahedral sites. The high site preference of Ga3+ ions for tetrahedral sites leads to the stabilization of the Ga ions in these sites. We speculate that this migration of the Ga3+ ions suppresses the transfer of Ni to Li-type sites and also helps to maintain a single hexagonal phase by acting as pillaring ions during high states of charge. We suggest that the high stability of Ga in tetrahedral sites is at the origin of the significant improvement of the cycling and structural properties of Ga-doped cathode materials reported earlier by others. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balasubramanian, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 149 IS 9 BP A1246 EP A1249 DI 10.1149/1.1501096 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 583JK UT WOS:000177404600023 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, M Giacomini, MT Lee, HS McBreen, J Sukamto, JH AF Balasubramanian, M Giacomini, MT Lee, HS McBreen, J Sukamto, JH TI X-ray absorption studies of poly(vinylferrocene) polymers for anion separation SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EDGE STRUCTURE; FERROCENE; INTERCALATION; GRAPHITE; SPECTRA; EXAFS; XANES; XPS AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to study the electrochemical incorporation of perrhenate anion, from a 0.1 M NH4ReO4 solution, into poly(vinylferrocene) (PVFc) and a modified PVFc (a copolymer of 30% t-butyl acetylferrocene and 70% t-butyl divinyl ferrocene). The polymers were deposited on a carbon cloth current collector from a solution of the polymers in CH2Cl2. In situ XAS measurements were done at the Fe K edge on the reduced polymers and at 0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Ex situ XAS was done at the Re L-3 edge after oxidation of the polymers at 0.9 V. The oxidized electrodes were washed in water to remove dissolved NH4ReO4 in the electrode pores. XAS was done both on wet-washed electrodes and on electrodes that were dried. XAS showed that at 0.9 V the Fe was oxidized from a ferrocene to a ferrocenium moiety and the Fe-C bond distance increased from 2.05 to 2.08 Angstrom. Both the X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results are consistent with having >75% of the ferrocene moieties in the polymer oxidized at 0.9 V. The Fe K-edge EXAFS showed no direct indication of interaction of Fe with ReO4-. At the Re L-3 edge the only indication of interaction of ReO4- with the polymers was a slight change in the XANES features. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Balasubramanian, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 149 IS 9 BP D137 EP D142 DI 10.1149/1.1496486 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 583JK UT WOS:000177404600043 ER PT J AU Salo, R Henik, A Nordahl, TE Robertson, LC AF Salo, R Henik, A Nordahl, TE Robertson, LC TI Immediate versus sustained processing in schizophrenia SO JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE schizophrenia; selective attention; Stroop; priming ID REDUCED COGNITIVE INHIBITION; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; LATENT INHIBITION; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; WORD PRONUNCIATION; ANXIETY DISORDERS; FACILITATION; INFORMATION; DEFINITION; ACTIVATION AB A Stroop negative priming (NP) task was used to assess immediate selective attention and priming in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Subject groups were comprised of 12 state hospital inpatients (41.8 +/- 7.5 years of age), 11 outpatient, (39.8 +/- 7.5 years of age), and 16 controls (36.4 +/- 11.7 years of age). Compared with the control group and the outpatients, inpatients failed to exhibit NP [F(2,36) = 6.09, 1) <.01], despite exhibiting equivalent Stroop RT interference (p >.05). Error rates did not differ significantly between the 3 groups. Although medication types and dosages were similar between the 2 patient groups, length of illness was significantly longer in the inpatients (19.8 years) than in the outpatients (12.4 years; p <.05). Positive symptom ratings were also significantly higher in the inpatients. The finding of reduced NP in the state hospital patients appears to be related to severity of symptomatology and chronicity of illness. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Behav Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Zlotowski Ctr Neurosci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vet Adm, Martinez, CA USA. RP Salo, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Nordahl, Thomas/J-7643-2013; HENIK, AVISHAI/F-1176-2012 OI Nordahl, Thomas/0000-0002-8627-0356; FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH11706] NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 1355-6177 J9 J INT NEUROPSYCH SOC JI J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 8 IS 6 BP 794 EP 803 DI 10.1017/S1355617702860076 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 592CZ UT WOS:000177920300007 PM 12240743 ER PT J AU Kafesaki, M Agio, M Soukoulis, CM AF Kafesaki, M Agio, M Soukoulis, CM TI Waveguides in finite-height two-dimensional photonic crystals SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; BANDGAP MATERIALS; BENDS; TRANSMISSION; PROPAGATION; MODES; LIGHT; SLABS AB We present a three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis of the transmission and the waveguiding properties of dielectric structures of finite height. A two-dimensional (2-D) photonic-crystal geometry is used for lateral confinement, and traditional waveguiding by dielectric mismatch is used for vertical confinement. We investigate different types of waveguide in photonic crystals with a finite height. We examine the dependence of the guiding properties on the lengths of the holes that constitute the photonic crystal and the widths of the layers of the waveguide. The role of the filling ratio of the holes and the dielectric constants of the upper and the lower layers for the guiding properties is presented. Also, a comparison between the 3-D and the 2-D FDTD results is given. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion, Greece. Univ Pavia, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kafesaki, M (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, POB 1527, Iraklion, Greece. RI Agio, Mario/F-7366-2011; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 OI Agio, Mario/0000-0003-3282-5982; Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 19 IS 9 BP 2232 EP 2240 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.002232 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 591LL UT WOS:000177881600034 ER PT J AU Totemeier, TC Wright, RN Swank, WD AF Totemeier, TC Wright, RN Swank, WD TI Microstructure and stresses in HVOF sprayed iron aluminide coatings SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coatings; HVOF; iron alummide; residual stress; thermal expansion; x-ray diffraction ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES AB The microstructure and state of stress present in Fe(3)A1 coatings produced by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying in air at varying particle velocities were characterized using metallograpby, curvature measurements, x-ray analysis, and microhardness measurements. Sound coatings were produced for all conditions. The microstructures of coatings prepared at higher velocities showed fewer unmelted particles and a greater extent of deformation. Residual stresses in the coatings were compressive and varied from nearly zero at the lowest velocity to approximately -450 MPa at the highest velocity. X-ray line broadening analyses revealed a corresponding increase in the extent of cold work present in the coating, which was also reflected in increased microhardness. Values of mean coefficient of thermal expansion obtained for as-sprayed coatings using x-ray analysis were significantly lower than those for powder and bulk alloy. C1 Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Totemeier, TC (reprint author), Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1652,MS 2218, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 400 EP 408 DI 10.1361/105996302770348808 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 600QL UT WOS:000178402400012 ER PT J AU Vaidya, RU Castro, RG Peters, MI Gallegos, DE Petrovic, JJ AF Vaidya, RU Castro, RG Peters, MI Gallegos, DE Petrovic, JJ TI Use of plasma spraying in the manufacture of continuously graded and layered/graded molybdenum disilicide/alumina composites SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-ring test; functionally graded materials; MoSi(2); plasma spraying; Weibull modulus ID TEMPERATURE STRUCTURAL SILICIDES; OXIDATION; MOSI2 AB Plasma spraying was used to produce continuously graded and graded/layered structures of molybdenum disilicide (MoSi(2)) and alumina (Al(2)O(3)). These functionally graded materials (FGMs) were achieved by manipulating the powder hoppers and plasma torch translation via in-house created computer software. The resultant microstructures sprayed uniformly and were crack free. The interface between MoSi(2) and Al(2)O(3) was continuous and no evidence of debonding or cracking at the interface was found. The mechanical strength of these sprayed materials was evaluated using C-ring samples (in diametrical compression). Weibull analysis conducted on the C-ring data indicated that the continuously graded samples were slightly stronger and had a significantly narrower strength distribution than the graded/layered samples. Although the average strength values of both types of functionally graded samples were closer to those of monolithic MoSi(2) the fracture energy of the graded samples was significantly larger (similar to2-3 times) compared with the monolithic materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) conducted on the fracture surfaces of the FGMs illustrated a wavy and tortuous crack path through the composite cross section of the sample, with extensive crack kinking. This study has two important results. First, we demonstrated the ability to produce such functionally graded composite ceramic microstructures using a conventional plasma spraying process. Second, we quantified the improvements in mechanical performance provided by these FGMs over conventional monolithic materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vaidya, RU (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop E506, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM raj@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD SEP PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1361/105996302770348817 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 600QL UT WOS:000178402400013 ER PT J AU DeLoach, JD Aita, CR Loong, CK AF DeLoach, JD Aita, CR Loong, CK TI Growth-controlled cubic zirconia microstructure in zirconia-titania nanolaminates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 03-08, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; REACTIVE SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; PHASE; THERMODYNAMICS; LAYER AB Zirconia microstructure selection (phase and crystallographic orientation) was studied in sputter-deposited multilayer films consisting of nanocrystalline ZrO2 and amorphous TiO2. The goal was to understand the mechanism for ZrO2 microstructure selection as a function of nanolaminate architecture (number of interfaces and ZrO2 and TiO2 layer thickness) in a growth regime of limited surface diffusion. The results show that there are two competing paths that ZrO2 microstructure can follow in a ZrO2-TiO2 nanolaminate. One path depends upon geometric shadowing resulting in the formation of a columnar morphology within a ZrO2 layer. This path leads to cubic (220) growth as an intermediate microstructure, and ultimately to the formation of cubic (200) crystallites spanning several bilayers. In this case, ZrO2 renucleation within a layer is suppressed. The second path depends upon renucleation within a ZrO2 layer, involving first tetragonal (111) formation, and then the transformation of tetragonal (111) to monoclinic(111)-(111), consistent with a finite crystal size effect. The establishment and maintenance of a columnar morphology (and hence, the suppression of renucleation events), ultimately leads to cubic (200) growth, and is consistent with a growth-controlled microstructure selection mechanism. This mechanism appears to strongly depend upon the existence and planar quality of the TiO2 growth-restart surfaces. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Adv Coatings Expt Lab, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. RP Aita, CR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Adv Coatings Expt Lab, POB 784, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD SEP-OCT PY 2002 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1517 EP 1524 DI 10.1116/1.1491266 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 596CP UT WOS:000178146700003 ER PT J AU Mizuno, Y King, FK Yamauchi, Y Homma, T Tanaka, A Takakuwa, Y Momose, T AF Mizuno, Y King, FK Yamauchi, Y Homma, T Tanaka, A Takakuwa, Y Momose, T TI Temperature dependence of oxide decomposition on titanium surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 03-08, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID OXIDATION; OXYGEN; HYDROGEN AB It is well known that the surface of titanium forms stable oxides of Ti2O, TiO, Ti2O3, Ti3O5, TinO2n-1 (4