FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kadam, KL AF Kadam, KL TI Environmental implications of power generation via coal-microalgae cofiring SO ENERGY LA English DT Article ID CO2 RECOVERY; SEQUESTERING SYSTEM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BIOMASS; PLANT; CYCLE; PROJECTS AB Electrical power plants are responsible for over one-third of the US emissions, or about 1.7 Gt CO2 per year. Power-plant flue gas can serve as a source of CO2 for microalgae cultivation, and the algae can be cofired with coal. The study objective was to conduct a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to compare the environmental impacts of electricity production via coal firing versus coal/algae cofiring. The LCA results demonstrate that there are potentially significant benefits to recycling CO2 toward microalgae production. As it reduces CO2 emissions by recycling it and uses less coal, there are concomitant benefits of reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are also other energy and fertilizer inputs needed for algae production, which contribute to key environmental flows. Lower net values for the algae cofiring scenario were observed for the following using the direct injection process (in which the flue gas is directly transported to the algae ponds): SOx, NOx, particulates, carbon dioxide, methane, and fossil energy consumption. Lower values for the algae cofiring scenario were also observed for greenhouse potential and air acidification potential. However, impact assessment for depletion of natural resources and eutrophication potential showed much higher values. This LCA gives us an overall picture and impacts across different environmental boundaries, and hence, can help in the decision-making process for implementation of the algae scenario. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kadam, KL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 42 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD OCT PY 2002 VL 27 IS 10 BP 905 EP 922 AR PII S0360-5442(02)00025-7 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00025-7 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 597ZE UT WOS:000178250000001 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, C Papamichael, K Lai, J Revzan, K AF Ehrlich, C Papamichael, K Lai, J Revzan, K TI A method for simulating the performance of photosensor-based lighting controls SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th IBPSA International Conference CY 2001 CL RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP IBPSA DE daylighting; photosensors; lighting controls; energy efficiency; global illumination; rendering; ray-tracing; computer aided design ID DAYLIGHT AB The unreliability of photosensor-based lighting controls continues to be a significant market barrier that prevents widespread acceptance of daylight dimming controls in commercial buildings. Energy savings from the use of daylighting in commercial buildings is best realized through the installation of reliable photoelectric lighting controls that dim electric lights when sufficient daylight is available to provide adequate background and/or task illumination. In prior work, the authors discussed the limitations of current simulation approaches and presented a robust method to simulate the performance of photosensor-based controls using an enhanced version of the radiance lighting simulation package. The method is based on the concept of multiplying two fisheye images: one generated from the angular sensitivity of the photosensor and the other from a 180 or 360degrees fisheye image of the space as "seen" by the photosensor. This paper includes a description of the method, its validation and possible applications for designing, placing, calibrating and commissioning photosensor-based lighting controls. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Nat Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ehrlich, C (reprint author), Meschong Mahone Grp, 11626 Fair Oaks Blvd 302, Fair Oaks, CA 95628 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 34 IS 9 BP 883 EP 889 AR PII S0378-7788(02)00064-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00064-6 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 607HE UT WOS:000178785400004 ER PT J AU Fang, Z Ingber, MS Martinez, MJ AF Fang, Z Ingber, MS Martinez, MJ TI The solution of magnetostatic BEM systems of equations using iterative methods SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE magnetostatics; boundary element method; indirect equation solvers ID BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD AB A boundary element method for the solution of magnetostatics problems is developed. For large problems when using a direct-linear equation solver such as LU decomposition, the decomposition phase of the algorithm comprises the predominant portion of the overall CPU time. A variety of indirect linear equation solvers are considered as a means of significantly reducing the CPU usage. Because of the excellent conditioning of the discretized linear systems, the number of iterations required of the indirect solvers to reach a prescribed residual is quite low and remains relatively constant with refined discretizations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Multiphase Transport Proc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fang, Z (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd,Mail Code 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 26 IS 9 BP 789 EP 794 AR PII S0955-7997(02)00049-8 DI 10.1016/S0955-7997(02)00049-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 597FT UT WOS:000178212100009 ER PT J AU Reusser, DE Istok, JD Beller, HR Field, JA AF Reusser, DE Istok, JD Beller, HR Field, JA TI In situ transformation of deuterated toluene and xylene to benzylsuccinic acid analogues in BTEX-contaminated aquifers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP STRAIN-T; HYDROCARBONS; METABOLISM; ACTIVATION; SYNTHASE; RATES; TRICHLOROFLUOROETHENE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; BIODEGRADATION; BIOREMEDIATION AB Techniques for detecting and quantifying anaerobic,, transformations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are needed to assess the feasibility of using in situ bioremediation to treat BTEX-contaminated groundwater aquifers. Deuterated surrogates-of toluene (toluene-d(8)) and xylene (o-xylene-d(10)) were injected into-BTEX-contaminated aquifers during single-well push-pull tests to monitor for the in situ formation of deuterated benzylsuccinic acid (BSA-d(8)) and o-methyl-BSA-d(10). Test solutions (250 L) containing toluene-d(8)(9-22 muM) and o-xylene-d(10) (4-9 muM) along with a conservative bromide tracer (1.3 mM) and nitrate (4 mM) as an electron acceptor were injected into four wells at two sites. Detection of BSA-d(8) and o-methyl- BSA-d(10) in groundwater samples collected from the same wells following injection. unequivocally demonstrated anaerobic in situ toluene-d(8) and o-xylene-d(10) transformation with calculated zero-order formation rates ranging from 1.0 to 7.4 nM/day. Concurrent utilization of co-injected nitrate was rapid in all tests at both sites, with zero-order rates ranging from 13 to 39 muM/h. The field tests conducted in this study represent the first reported use of deuterated aromatic hydrocarbons to detect and quantify anaerobic BTEX transformation product formation in the subsurface. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Field, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014 NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 19 BP 4127 EP 4134 DI 10.1021/es0257366 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 599TT UT WOS:000178351800032 PM 12380085 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Burnett, CR O'Connor, DB Cabelli, D AF Sharma, VK Burnett, CR O'Connor, DB Cabelli, D TI Iron(VI) and iron(V) oxidation of thiocyanate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERRATE(VI) OXIDATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MECHANISM; KINETICS; ION; RADICALS; DEGRADATION; RADIOLYSIS; CONSTANTS; CHEMISTRY AB Thiocyanate (SCN-) is used in many industrial processes and is commonly found in industrial and mining wastewaters. The removal of SCN- is required because of its toxic effects. The oxidation of thiocyanate (SCN-) by environmentally friendly oxidants, Fe(VI) and Fe(V), has been studied anaerobically using stopped-flow and premix pulse radiolysis techniques. The stoichiometry with Fe(VI) was determined to be 4HFeO(4)(-) + SCN- + 5H(2)O --> 4Fe(OH)(3) + SO42- + CNO- + O-2 + 20H(-). The rate law for the oxidation of SCN- by Fe(VI) was found to be -d[Fe(VI)]/ dt=k(11){[H+]/([H+] + K-a,K-HFeO4)} [Fe(VI)] [SCN-] where k(11)=2.04+/-0.04 x 10(3) M-1 s(-1) and pK(a,HFeO4)=7.33. A mechanism is proposed that agrees with the observed reaction stoichiometry and rate law. The rate of oxidation of SCN- by Fe(V) was approximately 3 orders of magnitude faster than Fe(VI). The higher reactivity of Fe(V) with SCN- indicates that oxidations by Fe(VI) may be enhanced in the presence of appropriate one-electron-reducing agents. The results suggest that the effective removal of SCN- can be achieved by Fe(VI) and Fe(V). C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. OI Sharma, Virender/0000-0002-5980-8675 NR 48 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 19 BP 4182 EP 4186 DI 10.1021/es020570u PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 599TT UT WOS:000178351800040 PM 12380093 ER PT J AU Peterson, SA Herlihy, AT Hughes, RM Motter, KL Robbins, JM AF Peterson, SA Herlihy, AT Hughes, RM Motter, KL Robbins, JM TI Level and extent of mercury contamination in Oregon, USA, lotic fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; fish tissue; probability sampling; regional assessment ID UNITED-STATES; TISSUE; LAKE; WATER AB We conducted a probability survey of 154 Oregon, USA, stream and river sites to asses!, the spatial extent of mercury (Hg) contamination in fish tissue. Samples consisted of whole-fish analyses of both small (<120 mm) and large (> 120 mm) fish at each site when both were present, Overall, Hg, levels (mug/g) in small fish ((X) over bar = 0.031 standard deviation [SD] = 0,029), large piscivore, ((X) over bar = 0.284 SD = 0.175). and large invertivores (9 = 0.055; SD 0,047) were found within fairly narrow ranges; always above detection (0.0025 mug/g) and almost always below 0.4 mug/g. Given the great ecoregion diversity across Oregon, the narrow range in fish tissue Hg levels suggests that atmospheric transport is an important vehicle for Hg distribution. In small fish, Hg levels were almost always low and showed little meaningful difference among fish taxa. In large fish, Hg levels were significantly related to fish length. Piscivores (pikeminnow and bass) had significantly higher Hg levels, and the sloe of their Hg level/length relationship was much steeper than for invertivores. Salmonids, the most commonly occurring fish taxon in Oregon, exceeded 0.1 mug Hg/g (deemed protective for fish-eating mammals) in an inferred 15% of stream lengths where they occurred. Pikerminnows and bass were found at fewer sites, but they exceeded 0.1 mug Hg/g in an inferred 96 and 70%, respectively, of stream lengths where they occurred. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. Dynamac, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Peterson, SA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Ecol Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2157 EP 2164 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<2157:LAEOMC>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 596FJ UT WOS:000178153300019 PM 12371492 ER PT J AU Kuhne, WW Caldwell, CA Gould, WR Fresquez, PR Finger, S AF Kuhne, WW Caldwell, CA Gould, WR Fresquez, PR Finger, S TI Effects of depleted uranium on the health and survival of Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ceriodaphnia dubia; Hyalella azteca; depleted uranium; aquatic toxicity; radionuclides ID TOXICITY; DAPHNIA AB Depleted uranium (DU) has been used as a substitute for the fissionable enriched uranium component of atomic weapons tested at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) (Los Alamos, NM, USA) since the early 1950s, resulting in considerable concentrations of DU in the soils within the test sites. Although the movement of DU into major aquatic systems has been shown to be minimal, there are many small-order ephemeral streams and areas of standing water in canyons throughout LANL that may be affected by inputs of DU via runoff, erosion, and leaching. Ninety-six-hour acute and 7-d chronic toxicity assays were conducted to measure the toxicity of DU on survival and reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dabia. A 14-d water-only assay was conducted to measure survival and growth of Hyalella azteca. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) to produce 50% mortality of the test population for the 96-h Ceriodaphnia dubia assay was 10.50 mg/L. Reproductive effects occurred at a lowest-observable-effect concentration greater than or equal to3.91 mg/L with a no-observable-effect concentration of 1.97 mg/L. The estimated 14-d LC50 for the Hyalella azteca assay was 1.52 mg/L. No significant relationship was detected between growth and DU concentrations. Concentrations at which toxicity effects were observed in this study for both invertebrates exceeded concentrations of total uranium observed in runoff from LANL lands. Thus, it is likely that current runoff levels of uranium do not pose a threat to the these types of aquatic invertebrates. C1 New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Ctr Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Kuhne, WW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2198 EP 2203 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<2198:EODUOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 596FJ UT WOS:000178153300025 PM 12371498 ER PT J AU Marzari, R Sblattero, D Macor, P Fischetti, F Gennaro, R Marks, JD Bradbury, A Tedesco, F AF Marzari, R Sblattero, D Macor, P Fischetti, F Gennaro, R Marks, JD Bradbury, A Tedesco, F TI The cleavage site of C5 from man and animals as a common target for neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies: in vitro and in vivo studies SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE complement; inflammation; single-chain fragment variable antibody; phage display library ID TERMINAL COMPLEMENT COMPLEX; SINGLE-CHAIN FV; PHAGE DISPLAY LIBRARIES; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; INHIBITION; COMPONENTS; AFFINITY; THERAPY; DISEASE; HUMANIZATION AB The isolation of an anti-C5 single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody, TS-A12/22, from a human phage display library, is described. This antibody inhibits the activation of C5 and the assembly of the terminal complement complex implicated in cell and tissue damage. Using antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes and rabbit red cells as target cells in hemolytic assays, we found that TS-A12/22 inhibited the activation of C5 by the convertases of both classical and alternative pathways. Western blot analysis and competition experiments with synthetic peptides showed that TS-A12/22 reacted with the a chain of C5 and recognized the cleavage site of this complement component by the C5 convertase. As a result, the antibody prevented splitting of C5 and inhibited the generation of C5a and of the terminal complement complex. The identification of the TS-A12/22 recognition site as a conserved sequence in man, mouse, rat and rabbit enabled the demonstration of in vitro inhibition of complement activity in these species. The scFv TS-A12/22 was tested in a rat model of antigen-induced arthritis and proved to be effective in preventing influx of polymorphonuclear cells into the knee joint and C9 deposition on synovial tissue. C1 Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fisiol & Patol, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dept Biol, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dept Biochem Biophys & Chem Macromol, BBCM, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM USA. SISSA, Trieste, Italy. RP Tedesco, F (reprint author), Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fisiol & Patol, Via Fleming 22, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. RI Tedesco, Francesco/F-1929-2011; OI Macor, Paolo/0000-0003-3079-4019 NR 46 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2773 EP 2782 DI 10.1002/1521-4141(2002010)32:10<2773::AID-IMMU2773>3.0.CO;2-G PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 606RH UT WOS:000178746600008 PM 12355429 ER PT J AU Cavadini, N Strassle, T Allenspach, P Canfield, PC Bourges, P AF Cavadini, N Strassle, T Allenspach, P Canfield, PC Bourges, P TI CEF nature of the magnetic excitations in ordered HoNi2B2C SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTOR HONI2B2C; NICKEL BORIDE CARBIDES; TRANSITIONS; DIFFRACTION; LUNI2B2C; MODEL; STATE AB The magnetic excitations in the antiferromagnetic phase of HoNi2B2C are studied by inelastic neutron scattering on single crystals for the first time. Spectra measured at constant T = 2 K along symmetry directions of the reciprocal space are well explained in terms of crystal electric field (CEF) magnetic excitons within the J = 8 ground state multiplet of Ho3+. Very modest bandwidth with planar energy dispersion describes the magnetic exciton dynamics. A perturbative model approach consisting of the CEF states in the effective exchange mean-field provides a simple but applicable characterization of the experimental observations. The microscopic determination of the relevant exchange parameters is discussed in connection with previous works on the subject. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CEA Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Cavadini, N (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD OCT PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 377 EP 384 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2002-00321-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 619CC UT WOS:000179454900004 ER PT J AU Greene, GA Finfrock, CC AF Greene, GA Finfrock, CC TI Generation, transport, and deposition of tungsten-oxide aerosols at 1000 degrees C in flowing air/steam mixtures SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tungsten; oxidation; vaporization; condensation; aerosol; deposition; plateout AB Experiments were conducted to measure the rates of oxidation and vaporization of tungsten in flowing air, steam, and air/steam mixtures in laminar flow. Also measured were the downstream transport of tungsten-oxide condensation aerosols and their region of deposition, including plateout in the superheated flow tube, rainout in the condenser, and ambient discharge that was collected on an array of sub-micron aerosol filters. The nominal conditions of the tests, with the exception of the first two tests, were tungsten temperatures of 1000 degreesC, gas mixture temperatures of 200 degreesC and boundary temperatures of 150-200 degreesC. It was observed that the tungsten oxidation rates were greatest in all air and least in all steam, and generally decreased nonlinearly as the steam mole fraction increased. The tungsten oxidation rates in all air were more than five times greater than the tungsten oxidation rates in all steam. The tungsten vaporization rate was zero in all air, and increased with increasing steam mole fraction. The vaporization rate became maximum at a steam mole fraction of 0.85 and decreased thereafter as the steam mole fraction was increased to unity. The tungsten-oxide was transported downstream as condensation aerosols, initially flowing upwards from the tungsten rod through an 18-in. long, 1-in. OD quartz tube, around a 90degrees bend with a 3.5-in. radius, and laterally through a 24-in. horizontal run. The entire length of the quartz glass flow path was heated by electrical resistance clamshell heaters whose temperatures were individually controlled and monitored. The tungsten-oxide plateout in the quartz tube was collected, nearly all of which was deposited at the end of the heated zone near the entrance to the steam condenser that was cold. The tungsten-oxide that rained out in the condenser as the steam condensed was collected with the condensate and weighed after being dried. The aerosol smoke that escaped the condenser was collected on the sub-micron filter assemblies. There was no aerosol generation for the case of all air, so the plateout, condensate, and smoke were all zero. For the case of all steam, there was very little plateout in the superheated regions; almost all of the aerosol was collected in the condensate from the condenser and there was no smoke discharge into the filters. For the experiments with intermediate air/steam fractions, there was some aerosol plateout, considerable aerosol in the condensate, and aerosol smoke discharged from the condenser with the escaping air. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Greene, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0894-1777 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 26 IS 8 BP 917 EP 929 AR PII S0894-1777(02)00199-1 DI 10.1016/S0894-1777(02)00199-1 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA 617EM UT WOS:000179348400004 ER PT J AU Mosier, BP Molho, JI Santiago, JG AF Mosier, BP Molho, JI Santiago, JG TI Photobleached-fluorescence imaging of microflows SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; SEPARATION SYSTEMS; RECOVERY; DIFFUSION; OPTIMIZATION; GEOMETRIES; MICROCHIP; KINETICS; INVITRO AB A photobleached-fluorescence imaging technique for visualizing microscale flow fields and obtaining molecular diffusion and advection information has been developed. The technique tracks fluorophores in the region of a photobleached line in a planar microdevice and yields quantitative diffusive and advective transport data. Visualizations of two- and weakly three-dimensional electroosmotically and pressure-driven fluid flow fields are demonstrated using the photobleaching of fluorescein and fluorescein-dextran conjugates. Photobleached-fluorescence imaging tracks undisturbed fluorophores, functions in polymer and glass microfluidic devices, can take advantage of fluorescent conjugates present in biochemical assays, and has a photobleached region that is flow independent. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Caliper Technol Corp, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Thermosci Div, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Mosier, BP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave,MS9951, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 37 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD OCT PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 545 EP 554 DI 10.1007/s00348-002-0486-8 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 611EL UT WOS:000179003400007 ER PT J AU Flanagan, WP Apel, WA Barnes, JM Lee, BD AF Flanagan, WP Apel, WA Barnes, JM Lee, BD TI Development of gas phase bioreactors for the removal of nitrogen oxides from synthetic flue gas streams SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE biofilters; denitrification; nitric oxide ID AIR-POLLUTION CONTROL; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE; BIOFILTRATION; DENITRIFICATION; PURIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; EMISSIONS; BIOFILTER; ETHANOL AB Thermophilic denitrifying bacteria indigenous to composts and soils are capable of converting NOx to environmentally benign nitrogen via a dissimilatory reductive pathway. The present study compares the performance of three bioreactor packing materials (compost, perlite, and biofoam) for the removal of nitric oxide (NO) from a simulated wet-scrubbed combustion gas. Although all three materials performed well (> 85% NO removal) at residence times of 70-80 s, the compost performed better than the other materials at shorter residence times (1344 s). The feasibility of biological NOx conversion processes will depend on the combined factors of NOx removal ability and pressure drop. The results presented here suggest that the compost, perlite and biofoam systems, subject to further optimization, offer potential for the biological removal of NOx from gas streams. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 GE Global Res, Niskayuma, NY 12309 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Lee, BD (reprint author), GE Global Res, Niskayuma, NY 12309 USA. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD OCT PY 2002 VL 81 IS 15 BP 1953 EP 1961 AR PII S0016-2361(02)00130-8 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00130-8 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 587UY UT WOS:000177655600007 ER PT J AU Johnston, WE AF Johnston, WE TI Computational and data Grids in large-scale science and engineering SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE grids; heterogeneous; widely distributed computing; NASA's information power grid (IPG); DOE science grid; grid applications AB As the practice of science moves beyond the single investigator due to the complexity of the problems that now dominate science, large collaborative and multi-institutional teams are needed to address these problems. In order to support this shift in science, the computing and data-handling infrastructure that is essential to most of modem science must also change in order to support this increased complexity. This is the goal of computing and data Grids: software infrastructure that facilitates solving large-scale problems by providing the mechanisms to access, aggregate, and manage the computer network-based infrastructure of science. This infrastructure includes computing systems, data archive systems, scientific instruments, and computer-mediated human collaborations. This paper examines several large-scale science problems, their requirements for computing and data Grid infrastructure, and the current approaches to providing the necessary functionality. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnston, WE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50B-2239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1085 EP 1100 AR PII S0167-739X(02)00087-0 DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(02)00087-0 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 608PU UT WOS:000178856200009 ER PT J AU Keahey, K Fredian, T Peng, Q Schissel, DP Thompson, M Foster, I Greenwald, M McCune, D AF Keahey, K Fredian, T Peng, Q Schissel, DP Thompson, M Foster, I Greenwald, M McCune, D TI Computational grids in action: the National Fusion Collaboratory SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computational Grids; network services; distributed computing; fusion; collaboratory AB The National Fusion Collaboratory (NFC) project was created to advance scientific understanding and innovation in magnetic fusion research by enabling more efficient use of existing experimental facilities through more effective integration of experiment, theory, and modeling. To achieve this objective, NFC introduced the concept of "network services", which build on top of computational Grids, and provide Fusion codes, together with their maintenance and hardware resources as a service to the community. This mode of operation requires the development of new authorization and enforcement capabilities. In addition, the nature of Fusion experiments places strident quality of service requirements on codes run during the experimental cycle. In this paper, we describe Grid computing requirements of the Fusion community, and present our first experiments in meeting those requirements. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60657 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM keahey@mcs.anl.gov OI Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X EI 1872-7115 J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1005 EP 1015 AR PII S0167-739X(02)00081-X DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(02)00081-X PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 608PU UT WOS:000178856200003 ER PT J AU Gentle, AP AF Gentle, AP TI Regge calculus: A unique tool for numerical relativity SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Australasian Conference on General Relativity and Graviation CY JUL 11-13, 2001 CL UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA, PERTH, AUSTRALIA HO UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA DE Regge calculus; numerical relativity ID WAVE INITIAL DATA; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; APPARENT HORIZONS; EVOLUTION AB The application of Regge calculus, a lattice formulation of general relativity, is reviewed in the context of numerical relativity. Particular emphasis is placed on problems of current computational interest, and the strengths and weaknesses of the lattice approach are highlighted. Several new and illustrative applications are presented, including initial data for the head on collision of two black holes, and the time evolution of vacuum axisymmetric Brill waves. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gentle, AP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-6,MS B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1701 EP 1718 AR UNSP pp576-378761-10 DI 10.1023/A:1020128425143 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 591YT UT WOS:000177908900010 ER PT J AU Wahl, LM Gerrish, PJ Saika-Voivod, I AF Wahl, LM Gerrish, PJ Saika-Voivod, I TI Evaluating the impact of population bottlenecks in experimental evolution SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; 10,000-GENERATION EXPERIMENT; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ADAPTATION; MUTATIONS; BACTERIA; VIRUS AB Experimental evolution involves severe, periodic reductions in population size when fresh media are inoculated during serial transfer. These bottlenecks affect the dynamics of evolution, reducing the probability that a beneficial mutation will reach fixation. We quantify the impact of these bottlenecks on the evolutionary dynamics, for populations that grow exponentially between transfers and for populations in which growth is curbed by a resource-limited environment. We find that in both cases, mutations that survive bottlenecks are equally likely to occur, per unit time, at all times during the growth phase. We estimate the total fraction of beneficial mutations that are lost due to bottlenecks during experimental evolution protocols and derive the "optimal" dilution ratio, the ratio that maximizes the number of surviving beneficial mutations. Although more severe dilution ratios are often used in the literature, we find that a ratio of 0.1-0.2 minimizes the chances that rare beneficial mutations are lost. Finally, we provide a number of useful approximate results and illustrate our approach with applications to experimental evolution protocols in the literature. C1 Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wahl, LM (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RI Saika-Voivod, Ivan/D-1249-2009; OI Gerrish, Philip/0000-0001-6393-0553 NR 33 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 13 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD OCT PY 2002 VL 162 IS 2 BP 961 EP 971 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 612CZ UT WOS:000179058100036 PM 12399403 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, A Stilwagen, S Reznik, G Feil, H Feil, WS Anderson, I Bernal, A D'Souza, M Ivanova, N Kapatral, V Larsen, N Los, T Lykidis, A Selkov, E Walunas, TL Purcell, A Edwards, RA Hawkins, T Haselkorn, R Overbeek, R Kyrpides, NC Predki, PF AF Bhattacharyya, A Stilwagen, S Reznik, G Feil, H Feil, WS Anderson, I Bernal, A D'Souza, M Ivanova, N Kapatral, V Larsen, N Los, T Lykidis, A Selkov, E Walunas, TL Purcell, A Edwards, RA Hawkins, T Haselkorn, R Overbeek, R Kyrpides, NC Predki, PF TI Draft sequencing and comparative genomics of Xylella fastidiosa strains reveal novel biological insights SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; MICROBIAL GENOMES AB Draft sequencing is a rapid and efficient method for determining the near-complete sequence of microbial genomes. Here we report a comparative analysis of one complete and two draft genome sequences of the phytopathogenic bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa, which causes serious disease in plants, including citrus, almond, and oleander. We present highlights of an in silico analysis based on a comparison of reconstructions of core biological subsystems. Cellular pathway reconstructions have been used to identify a small number of genes, which are likely to reside within the draft genomes but are not captured in the draft assembly. These represented only a small fraction of all genes and were predominantly large and small ribosomal subunit protein components. By using this approach, some of the inherent limitations of draft sequence,can be significantly reduced. Despite the incomplete nature of the draft genomes, it is possible to identify several phage-related genes, which appear to be absent from the draft genomes and not the result of insufficient sequence sampling. This region may therefore identify potential host-specific functions. Based on this first functional reconstruction of a phytopathogenic microbe, we spotlight an unusual respiration machinery as a potential target for biological control. We also predicted and developed a new defined growth medium for Xylella. C1 Integrated Genom Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Protometrix Inc, Guilford, CT 06437 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, A (reprint author), Integrated Genom Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RI Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014 OI Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462 NR 24 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1556 EP 1563 DI 10.1101/gr.370702 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 600ND UT WOS:000178396400011 PM 12368248 ER PT J AU Werner-Washburne, M Wylie, B Boyack, K Fuge, E Galbraith, J Weber, J Davidson, G AF Werner-Washburne, M Wylie, B Boyack, K Fuge, E Galbraith, J Weber, J Davidson, G TI Comparative analysis of multiple genome-scale data sets SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CELL-CYCLE; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; PROTEIN; GROWTH; GENES; PHASE; IDENTIFICATION; PROLIFERATION; INTERACTOME AB The ongoing analyses of published genome-scale data sets is evidence that different approaches are required to completely mine this data. We report the use of novel tools for both visualization and data set comparison to analyze yeast gene-expression (cell cycle and exit from stationary phase/G(O)) and protein-interaction studies. This analysis led to new insights about each data set. For example, G(1)-egulated genes are not co-regulated during exit from stationary phase, indicating that the cells are not synchronized. The tight clustering of other genes during exit from stationary-phase data set further indicates the physiological responses during G(O) exit are separable from cell-cycle events. Comparison of the two data sets showed that ribosomal-protein genes cluster tightly during exit from stationary phase, but are found in three significantly different clusters in the cell-cycle data set. Two protein-interaction data sets were also compared with the gene-expression data. Visual analysis of the complete data sets showed no clear correlation between co-expression of genes and protein interactions, in contrast to published reports examining subsets of the protein-interaction data. Neither two-hybrid study identified a large number of interactions between ribosomal proteins, consistent with recent structural data, indicating that for both data sets, the identification of false-positive interactions may be lower than previously thought. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM maggleww@unm.edu OI Boyack, Kevin/0000-0001-7814-8951 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R25 GM60201-01, R25 GM060201] NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 EI 1549-5469 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1564 EP 1573 DI 10.1101/gr.225402 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 600ND UT WOS:000178396400012 PM 12368249 ER PT J AU Sims, KWW Goldstein, SJ Blichert-Toft, J Perfit, MR Kelemen, P Fornari, DJ Michael, P Murrell, MT Hart, SR DePaolo, DJ Layne, G Ball, L Jull, M Bender, J AF Sims, KWW Goldstein, SJ Blichert-Toft, J Perfit, MR Kelemen, P Fornari, DJ Michael, P Murrell, MT Hart, SR DePaolo, DJ Layne, G Ball, L Jull, M Bender, J TI Chemical and isotopic constraints on the generation and transport of magma beneath the East Pacific Rise SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SERIES DISEQUILIBRIA METHODS; SPREADING MIDOCEAN RIDGES; COLLECTOR ICP-MS; RESIDENCE TIME; DECAY-SERIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MELT SEGREGATION; RADIOACTIVE DISEQUILIBRIA; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION AB Interpretation of U-series disequilibria in midocean ridge basalts is highly dependent on the bulk partition coefficients for U and Th and therefore the mineralogy of the mantle source. Distinguishing between the effect of melting processes and variable source compositions on measured disequilibria (U-238-Th-230-Ra-226 and U-235-Pa-231) requires measurement of the radiogenic isotopes Hf. Nd, Sr, and Pb. Here, we report measurements of U-238-Th-230-Ra-226 and U-235-Pa-231 disequilibria; Hf. Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic and major and trace element compositions for a suite of 20 young midocean ridge basalts from the East Pacific Rise axis between 9degrees28' and 9degrees52'N. All of the samples were collected within the axial summit trough using the submersible Alvin. The geological setting and observational data collected during sampling operations indicate that all the rocks are likely to have been erupted from 1991 to 1992 or within a few decades of that time. In these samples. Th-230 excesses and Ra-226 excesses are variable and inversely correlated. Because the eruption ages of the samples are much less than the half-life of Ra-226. this inverse correlation between Th-230 and Ra-226 excesses can be considered a primary feature of these lavas. For the lava suite analyzed in this study, Ra-226 and Th-230 excesses also vary with lava composition: Ra-226 excesses are negatively correlated with Na-8 and La/Yb and positively correlated with Mg#. Conversely, Th-230 excesses are positively correlated with Na8 and La/Yb and negatively correlated with Mg#. Th/U, Th-230/Th-232, and Th-230 excesses are also variable and correlated to one another. Pa-231 excesses are large but relatively constant and independent of Mg#, La/Yb, Th/U, and Na-8. The isotope ratios Nd-143/Nd-144, Hf-176/Hf-177. Sr-87/Sr-86. and Pb-208/Pb-206 are constant within analytical uncertainty, indicating that they were derived from a common source. The source is homogeneous with respect to parent/daughter ratios Lu/Hf. Sm/Nd, Rb/Sr, and Th/U; therefore, the measured variations of Th/U, Th-230, and Ra-226 excesses and major and trace element compositions in these samples are best explained by polybaric melting of a homogeneous source, not by mixing of compositionally distinct sources. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Lyon, France. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Tulsa, Dept Geosci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP Goldstein, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Blichert-Toft, Janne/C-8280-2012; Kelemen, Peter/D-6813-2013; Facility, NENIMF/B-8811-2015 OI Blichert-Toft, Janne/0000-0002-4932-4079; Kelemen, Peter/0000-0003-4757-0855; NR 114 TC 135 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 BP 3481 EP 3504 AR PII S0016-7037(02)00909-2 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00909-2 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 604NW UT WOS:000178628800011 ER PT J AU Wesolowski, DJ AF Wesolowski, DJ TI Aluminum speciation and equilibria in aqueous solution: I. The solubility of gibbsite in the system Na-K-Cl-OH-Al(OH)(4) from 0 to 100 degrees C (vol 56, pg 1065, 1992) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wesolowski, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 19 BP 3519 EP 3519 AR PII S0016-7037(02)00976-6 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00976-6 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 604NW UT WOS:000178628800013 ER PT J AU Balsley, B Fritts, D Frehlich, R Jones, RM Vadas, S Coulter, R AF Balsley, B Fritts, D Frehlich, R Jones, RM Vadas, S Coulter, R TI Up-gully flow in the great plains region: A mechanism for perturbing the nighttime lower atmosphere? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] Studies using data gathered during CASES-99 show that when the near-surface nighttime wind direction shifts through the "up-gully'' direction of a significant gully near the tower, the flow produces a pronounced but localized upward surge of vertical velocity up to at least 55 m. This surge generates an outward propagating wave packet having horizontal and vertical wavelengths on the order of 100-250 m with tilted wave fronts consistent with upward phase propagation. The wave packet is observable (with significant delays) by other sensors out to 850 m. As a working hypothesis we assume that the up-gully flow is constricted and strengthened as it progresses up the narrowing gully. We theorize that, upon exiting the gully, the flow has a pronounced and tightly confined vertical component that in turn produces a packet of internal propagating gravity waves. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado Res Associates, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balsley, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI JONES, RICHARD MICHAEL/0000-0002-9493-7456 NR 2 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 19 AR 1931 DI 10.1029/2002GL015435 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000180603500037 ER PT J AU Fiore, AM Jacob, DJ Field, BD Streets, DG Fernandes, SD Jang, C AF Fiore, AM Jacob, DJ Field, BD Streets, DG Fernandes, SD Jang, C TI Linking ozone pollution and climate change: The case for controlling methane SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB [1] Methane (CH4) emission controls are found to be a powerful lever for reducing both global warming and air pollution via decreases in background tropospheric ozone (O-3). Reducing anthropogenic CH4 emissions by 50% nearly halves the incidence of U.S. high-O-3 events and lowers global radiative forcing by 0.37 W m(-2) (0.30 W m(-2) from CH4, 0.07 W m(-2) from O-3) in a 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry. A 2030 simulation based upon IPCC A1 emissions projections shows a longer and more intense U.S. O-3 pollution season despite domestic emission reductions, indicating that intercontinental transport and a rising O-3 background should be considered when setting air quality goals. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US EPA, OAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 23 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 19 AR 1919 DI 10.1029/2002GL015601 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000180603500025 ER PT J AU Tokar, RL Feldman, WC Prettyman, TH Moore, KR Lawrence, DJ Elphic, RC Kreslavsky, MA Head, JW Mustard, JF Boynton, WV AF Tokar, RL Feldman, WC Prettyman, TH Moore, KR Lawrence, DJ Elphic, RC Kreslavsky, MA Head, JW Mustard, JF Boynton, WV TI Ice concentration and distribution near the south pole of Mars: Synthesis of odyssey and global surveyor analyses SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] Mars Odyssey Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) neutron spectrometer data are analyzed to determine the concentration and boundary of buried water ice near the south pole. The measurements are consistent with a circumpolar layer of average ice concentration from 35 to 100% by weight and superposed dust with thickness density product 30 to 40 g/cm(2). The region of buried water ice extends from near the south pole to latitudes 48S to 58S. The equatorward boundary of the ice-rich region compares favorably with the boundary of an ice-rich dust mantle inferred from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data and the locations of dissected terrain inferred from Mars Orbiter Camera images. The ice-rich mantle is identified as the source of enhanced hydrogen sensed by the neutron spectrometer. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Kreslavsky, Mikhail/J-3425-2013; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Kreslavsky, Mikhail/0000-0002-1900-826X; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 19 AR 1904 DI 10.1029/2002GL015691 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000180603500010 ER PT J AU Riley, WJ Still, CJ Torn, MS Berry, JA AF Riley, WJ Still, CJ Torn, MS Berry, JA TI A mechanistic model of (H2O)-O-18 and (COO)-O-18 fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere: Model description and sensitivity analyses SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE 18O in CO2; model; 18O in H2O; isotope model; ecosystem model; land surface model ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIO; PHOTOSYNTHETIC GAS-EXCHANGE; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY; LEAF WATER; 3-DIMENSIONAL SYNTHESIS; CO2 FLUX; SOIL; DISCRIMINATION; DELTA-O-18; O-18 AB [1] The concentration of O-18 in atmospheric CO2 and H2O is a potentially powerful tracer of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes. In this paper we describe the development of an isotope model (ISOLSM) that simulates the O-18 content of canopy water vapor, leaf water, and vertically resolved soil water; leaf photosynthetic (OCO)-O-18-O-16 (hereinafter (COO)-O-18) fluxes; CO2 oxygen isotope exchanges with soil and leaf water; soil CO2 and (COO)-O-18 diffusive fluxes (including abiotic soil exchange); and ecosystem exchange of (H2O)-O-18 and (COO)-O-18 with the atmosphere. The isotope model is integrated into the land surface model LSM, but coupling with other models should be straightforward. We describe ISOLSM and apply it to evaluate (1) simplified methods of predicting the (COO)-O-18 soil-surface flux; (2) the impacts on the (COO)-O-18 soil-surface flux of the soil-gas diffusion coefficient formulation, soil CO2 source distribution, and rooting distribution; (3) the impacts on the (COO)-O-18 fluxes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in soil and leaves; and (4) the sensitivity of model predictions to the delta(18)O value of atmospheric water vapor and CO2. Previously published simplified models are unable to capture the seasonal and diurnal variations in the (COO)-O-18 soil-surface fluxes simulated by ISOLSM. Differences in the assumed soil CO2 production and rooting depth profiles, carbonic anhydrase activity in soil and leaves, and the delta(18)O value of atmospheric water vapor have substantial impacts on the ecosystem CO2 flux isotopic composition. We conclude that accurate prediction of (COO)-O-18 ecosystem fluxes requires careful representation of (H2O)-O-18 and (COO)-O-18 exchanges and transport in soils and plants. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Atmospher Sci Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Riley, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Bldg 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Berry, Joseph/B-8211-2009; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Berry, Joseph/0000-0002-5849-6438; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; NR 50 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT-NOV PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 AR 1095 DI 10.1029/2002GB001878 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643RK UT WOS:000180874100042 ER PT J AU Saleska, SR Shaw, MR Fischer, ML Dunne, JA Still, CJ Holman, ML Harte, J AF Saleska, SR Shaw, MR Fischer, ML Dunne, JA Still, CJ Holman, ML Harte, J TI Plant community composition mediates both large transient decline and predicted long-term recovery of soil carbon under climate warming SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SUB-ALPINE MEADOW; ORGANIC-MATTER; WATER RELATIONS; MONTANE MEADOW; CO2 FLUX; RESPONSES; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION; TUNDRA AB We integrated two methods, experimental heating and observations across natural climate gradients, to elucidate both short- and long-term climatic controls on ecosystem carbon storage and to investigate carbon-cycle feedbacks to climate in montane meadows. A 10-year heating experiment warmed and dried heated plot soils and substantially decreased (by similar to200 +/- 150 g C m(-2)) the amount of carbon stored in soil organic matter, a positive feedback to warming. In situ CO(2) flux measurements, laboratory soil incubations, and a heating-induced shift in vegetation community composition from high- to low-productivity species indicate that a decline in community productivity and resultant decrease in soil inputs from plant litter caused most of the soil carbon decrease. An alternative widely hypothesized mechanism for soil carbon decrease under warming is stimulation of soil respiration, but we observed no increase in seasonally integrated soil respiration in our experiment (soil drying inhibited microbial decomposition even as soil warming stimulated it). To extend our analysis from the short-term transient response represented by the heating experiment to the presumed long-term approximate steady state represented by natural climate gradients, we tested a hypothesized relation between vegetation community composition (which controls both litter input rate and average litter quality) and soil carbon along the climate gradient. The gradient analysis implies that the experimentally induced decline in soil carbon is transient and will eventually reverse as lower quality litter inputs from the increasingly dominant low-productivity species reduce soil respiration losses. This work shows that ecological processes can control both short- and long-term responses to climate change, confirming some model-based predictions about the importance of vegetation shifts, but challenging the widely held hypothesis that the effect of temperature change on respiration will dominate soil carbon changes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Atmospher Proc Effects & Anal Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kenyon Coll, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saleska, SR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM saleska@fas.harvard.edu; shaw@Jasper.Stanford.edu; mlfischer@lbl.gov; jdunne@sfsu.edu; still@sequoia.atmos.Berkeley.edu; jharte@Socrates.Berkeley.edu RI Dunne, Jennifer/C-4714-2008 NR 61 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 8 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD OCT-NOV PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 AR 1055 DI 10.1029/2001GB001573 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643RK UT WOS:000180874100003 ER PT J AU Torn, MS Lapenis, AG Timofeev, A Fischer, ML Babikov, BV Harden, JW AF Torn, MS Lapenis, AG Timofeev, A Fischer, ML Babikov, BV Harden, JW TI Organic carbon and carbon isotopes in modern and 100-year-old-soil archives of the Russian steppe SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-13; C-14; grassland; land use; organic matter; sequestration; prairie ID SOIL CARBON; MATTER DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TEMPERATE FOREST; RADIOCARBON; TURNOVER; ACCUMULATION; ALLOCATION; CROPLAND; DIOXIDE AB Archived soils can provide valuable information about changes in the carbon and carbon isotope content of soils during the past century. We characterized soil carbon dynamics in a Russian steppe preserve using a 100-year-old-soil archive and modern samples collected from the same site. The site has been protected since 1885 to the present, during which time the region has experienced widespread conversion to cultivation, a decrease in fire frequency, and a trend of increasing precipitation. In the preserve, the amount of organic carbon did not change appreciably between the 1900 and 1997 sampling dates, with 32 kg C/m(2) in the top meter and a third of that in the top 20 cm. Carbon and nitrogen stocks varied by less than 6% between two replicate modern soil pits or between the modern sites and the archive. Radiocarbon content decreased with depth in all sites and the modern SOM had positive Delta values near the surface due to nuclear weapons testing in the early 1960s. In the upper 10 cm, most of the SOM had a turnover time of 6-10 years, according to a model fit to the radiocarbon content. Below about 10 cm, the organic matter was almost all passive material with long (millennial) turnover times. Soil respiration Delta(14)CO(2) on a summer day was 106-109parts per thousand, an isotopic disequilibrium of about 9parts per thousand relative to atmospheric (CO2)-C-14 . In both the modern and archive soil, the relative abundance of (13) C in organic matter increased with depth by 2parts per thousand in the upper meter from delta(13)C = -26parts per thousand at 5 cm to -24parts per thousand below a meter. In addition, the slope of delta(13) C vs. depth below 5 cm was the same for both soils. Given the age of the soil archive, these results give clear evidence that the depth gradients are not due to depletion of atmospheric (CO2)-C-13 by fossil fuel emissions but must instead be caused by isotopic fractionation between plant litter inputs and preservation of SOM. Overall, the data show that these soils have a large reservoir of recalcitrant C and stocks had not changed between sampling dates 100 years apart. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Geog & Planning, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Acad Forestry, St Petersburg, Russia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Torn, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 NR 51 TC 66 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 42 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 10 BP 941 EP 953 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00477.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 590YT UT WOS:000177853000002 ER PT J AU Rosenzweig, C Tubiello, FN Goldberg, R Mills, E Bloomfield, J AF Rosenzweig, C Tubiello, FN Goldberg, R Mills, E Bloomfield, J TI Increased crop damage in the US from excess precipitation under climate change SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; maize production; climate change; extreme events; precipitation; crop damage; insurance ID MAIZE AB Recent flooding and heavy precipitation events in the US and worldwide have caused great damage to crop production. If the frequency of these weather extremes were to increase in the near future, as recent trends for the US indicate and as projected by global climate models (e.g., US National Assessment, Overview Report, 2001, The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, National Assesment Synthesis Team, US Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC; Houghton et al., 2001, IPCC Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 335pp.), the cost of crop losses in the coming decades could rise dramatically. Yet current assessments of the impacts of climate change on agriculture have not quantified the negative effects on crop production from increased heavy precipitation and flooding (Impacts of climate change and variability on agriculture, in: US National Assessment Foundation Document, 2001. National Assessment Synthesis Team, US Global Change Research Program, Washington DC.). In this work, we modify a dynamic crop model in order to simulate one important effect of heavy precipitation on crop growth, plant damage from excess soil moisture. We compute that US corn production losses due to this factor, already significant under current climate, may double during the next thirty years, causing additional damages totaling an estimated $3 billion per year. These costs may either be borne directly by those impacted or transferred to private or governmental insurance and disaster relief programs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, GISS, New York, NY 10025 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Environm Def, Boston, MA 02108 USA. RP Tubiello, FN (reprint author), Columbia Univ, GISS, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. NR 24 TC 143 Z9 150 U1 9 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 197 EP 202 AR PII S0959-3780(02)00008-0 DI 10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00008-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA 612KX UT WOS:000179075400005 ER PT J AU Leary, JA Kruppa, G Leavell, M AF Leary, JA Kruppa, G Leavell, M TI Unambiguous assignment of phosphate position in oligosaccharide isomers using FT-ICR mass spectrometry SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY NOV 09-12, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Glycobiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 10 MA 92 BP 673 EP 674 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 601LT UT WOS:000178448200097 ER PT J AU Luchansky, SJ Yarema, KJ Bertozzi, CR AF Luchansky, SJ Yarema, KJ Bertozzi, CR TI Efforts towards elucidating the chemical mechanism and role of the GlcNAc 2-epimerase in the cell SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY NOV 09-12, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Glycobiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Whitaker Biomed Engn Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 10 MA 145 BP 690 EP 690 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 601LT UT WOS:000178448200150 ER PT J AU Davis, MJ AF Davis, MJ TI The probability of finding a localized area with elevated contamination by using a mobile detector SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE computer calculations; contamination, environmental; monitoring, environmental; scanning AB This paper examines the probability that a localized area with elevated contamination can be found by using a mobile detector. In the case studied, the area of elevated contamination has an elliptical shape and the detector has a circular field of view. The probability of finding the contaminated area is a function of factors related to both the contaminated area and the detector. The paper examines the dependence of the probability on a number of these factors. The results presented are applicable to any characteristic that can be detected with a scanning system that provides complete coverage of an area. They can be used as the basis for designs or evaluations that involve determining whether localized areas of contamination are present in an area of interest. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Assessment, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Assessment, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mike_davis@anl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 83 IS 4 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1097/00004032-200210000-00007 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 594KT UT WOS:000178049600007 PM 12240724 ER PT J AU Miller, G Martz, HF Little, TT Guilmette, R AF Miller, G Martz, HF Little, TT Guilmette, R TI Using exact Poisson likelihood functions in Bayesian interpretation of counting measurements SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE detection limits; dosimetry, internal; intake, radionuclide; analysis, statistical ID INTERNAL DOSIMETRY; LOW-LEVEL AB A technique for computing the exact marginalized (integrated) Poisson likelihood function for counting measurement processes involving a background subtraction is described. An empirical Bayesian method for determining the prior probability distribution of background count rates from population data is recommended and would seem to have important practical advantages. The exact marginalized Poisson likelihood function may be used instead of the commonly used Gaussian approximation. Differences occur in some cases of small numbers of measured counts, which are discussed. Optional use of exact likelihood functions in our Bayesian internal dosimetry codes has been implemented using an interpolation-table approach, which means that there is no computation time penalty except for the initial setup of the interpolation tables. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-E546, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM guthrie@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 83 IS 4 BP 512 EP 518 DI 10.1097/00004032-200210000-00009 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 594KT UT WOS:000178049600009 PM 12240726 ER PT J AU Talal, AH Shata, MT Flynn, SM Dorante, G Laughlin, M Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS AF Talal, AH Shata, MT Flynn, SM Dorante, G Laughlin, M Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS TI Hcv dynamics in HIV/HCV coinfected patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Scherling Plough Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 154 BP 205A EP 205A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301700156 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, RM Layden, JE Siadat, M Layden, TJ Perelson, AS AF Ribeiro, RM Layden, JE Siadat, M Layden, TJ Perelson, AS TI ALT dynamics during IFN treatment of HCV infected patients. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 521 BP 293A EP 293A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301700503 ER PT J AU Fan, XF Xu, YJ Lang, D Detre, KM Belle, SH Wei, YL Wiesner, RH Charlton, MR Schafer, D Bass, N Roberts, J Korber, BTM Everhart, JE Di Bisceglie, AM AF Fan, XF Xu, YJ Lang, D Detre, KM Belle, SH Wei, YL Wiesner, RH Charlton, MR Schafer, D Bass, N Roberts, J Korber, BTM Everhart, JE Di Bisceglie, AM TI Clonal nature of hepatitis C virus: Full length sequencing shows lack of recombination of HCV isolates from heterologous HCV positive recipient/donor pairs in liver transplantation. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY NOV 01-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 St Louis Univ, Ctr Liver, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. St Louis Univ, HSC, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 SU S MA 1535 BP 547A EP 547A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 598XK UT WOS:000178301701517 ER PT J AU Davern, SM Lankford, PK Foote, LJ Kennel, SJ AF Davern, SM Lankford, PK Foote, LJ Kennel, SJ TI Monoclonal antibodies to CD44 epitopes on mouse endothelium SO HYBRIDOMA AND HYBRIDOMICS LA English DT Article ID CELL-SURFACE GLYCOPROTEINS; SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN; ADHESION MOLECULE; VARIANT ISOFORMS; HYALURONIC-ACID; GROWTH-FACTOR; BINDING; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN; TUMOR AB CD44 is a widely expressed, plasma membrane protein. Many molecular forms of CD44 are possible as it is encoded by a gene with multiple exons that can be alternatively spliced and its deduced protein sequence contains numerous glycosylation sites. Through its role as an adhesion molecule, CD44 is involved in many and diverse biological processes, including angiogenesis, lymphogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, and cancer metastasis. We have developed a new panel of rat monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to murine CD44 by immunization with mouse lung endothelial cells (LEII cells). The antibodies were characterized using immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, competition binding, and cross Western blot experiments with MAb 133-13A, which recognizes CD44 expressed on tumor cells. The new MAbs recognize three distinct epitope groups. MAbs 531-2A and 531-32A compete for binding with the MAb 133-13A that was described previously. MAb 531-30A identifies a CD44 epitope found on low molecular weight forms expressed in vivo, while MAb 531-22A appears to recognize an epitope specific for endothelial cells. This novel panel of anti-CD44 antibodies has potential for investigating the role of CD44 in disease pathogenesis models in the mouse. They may be particularly useful for examining the role of endothelial cells in these models. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kennel, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008,MS-6101, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA HYBRIDOM JI Hybrid. Hybridomics PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1089/153685902761022689 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 612JV UT WOS:000179071900003 PM 12470476 ER PT J AU Peters, DW Hunt, WD AF Peters, DW Hunt, WD TI Method for the design of diffractive optical elements through low-dimensional optimization SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE finite-difference methods; gratings; optical waveguides; simulated annealing ID DEVICES AB A method for the simulation and design of diffractive optical structures is presented. In this paper, we present a design of a finite diffractive-optic structure that has been generated by solving for the electromagnetic fields inside an optimization loop. The scalar electromagnetic fields are computed in the region of a two-dimensional diffractive-optic structure by solving the scalar Helmholtz equation, using the finite-difference method. This analysis process is inserted into a simulated annealing algorithm that designs the optimal structure by maximizing a predetermined figure of merit. Computationally efficient methods that allow for reasonable computational requirements are described, including the defining of structure parameters as relatively simple polynomial functions. This allows for changes in the structure to be made by the program while maintaining a small number of dimensions for the search by the simulated annealing algorithm. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Peters, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1436 EP 1445 DI 10.1109/JQE.2002.802981 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 598NE UT WOS:000178281900019 ER PT J AU Khodier, MM Christodoulou, CG Simmons, JA AF Khodier, MM Christodoulou, CG Simmons, JA TI Equivalent circuit model for a THz detector based on the double-electron layer tunneling transistor (DELTT) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE circuit model; double-electron layer tunneling transistor (DELTT); THz detector ID HETEROSTRUCTURES AB An equivalent circuit model for the double-electron layer tunneling transistor (DELTT) integrated with an antenna is presented in this paper. This device is used basically for THz detection, and the antenna is used to efficiently couple THz radiation into the device for processing. Developing an equivalent circuit model is extremely helpful in matching the antenna to the device. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Khodier, MM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1701 EP 1708 DI 10.1109/TED.2002.803641 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 600YZ UT WOS:000178420500004 ER PT J AU Gleason, SS Sari-Sarraf, H Abidi, MA Karakashian, O Morandi, F AF Gleason, SS Sari-Sarraf, H Abidi, MA Karakashian, O Morandi, F TI A new deformable model for analysis of X-ray CT images in preclinical studies of mice for polycystic kidney disease SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE deformable models; screening; segmentation; statistical shape models ID SHAPE MODELS; SEGMENTATION AB This paper describes the application of a new probabilistic shape and appearance model (PSAM) algorithm to the task of detecting polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in X-ray computed tomography images of laboratory mice. The genetically engineered PKD mouse is a valuable animal model that can be used to develop new treatments for kidney-related problems in humans. PSAM is a statistical-based deformable model that improves upon existing point distribution models for boundary-based object segmentation. This new deformable model algorithm finds the optimal boundary position using an objective function that has several unique characteristics. Most importantly, the objective function includes both global shape and local gray-level characteristics, so optimization occurs with respect to both pieces of information simultaneously. PSAM is employed to segment the mouse kidneys and then texture measurements are applied within kidney boundaries to detect PKD. The challenges associated with the segmentation nonrigid organs along with the availability of a priori information led to the choice of a trainable, deformable model for this application. In 103 kidney images that were analyzed as part of a preclinical animal study, the mouse kidneys and spine were segmented with an average error of 2.4 pixels per boundary point. In all 103 cases, the kidneys were successfully segmented at a level where PKD could be detected using mean-of-local-variance texture measurements within the located boundary. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Math Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gleasonss@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0062 EI 1558-254X J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD OCT PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1302 EP 1309 DI 10.1109/TMI.2002.806278 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 641VW UT WOS:000180768600011 PM 12585712 ER PT J AU Qi, JY Kuo, C Huesman, RH Klein, GJ Moses, WW Reutter, BW AF Qi, JY Kuo, C Huesman, RH Klein, GJ Moses, WW Reutter, BW TI Comparison of rectangular and dual-planar positron emission mammography scanners SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fisher information; lesion detection; positron emission mammography (PEM); quantitation ID OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT; IMAGE QUALITY; LIKELIHOOD RECONSTRUCTION; MAP RECONSTRUCTION; BREAST-CANCER; PET DETECTOR; OBSERVERS; NOISE AB Breast imaging using dedicated positron emission tomography (PEM) has gained much interest in the medical imaging field. In this paper, we compare the performance between a rectangular geometry and a parallel dual-planar geometry. Both geometries are studied with depth of interaction (DOI) detectors and non-DOI detectors. We compare the Fisher-information matrix, lesion detection, and quantitation of the four systems. The lesion detectability is measured by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a prewhitening numerical observer for detecting a known hot spot on a uniform background. Results show that the rectangular system with DOI has the highest SNR for the detection task and the lowest bias at any given noise level for the quantitation task. They also show that for small simulated lesions the parallel dual-planar system with DOI detectors outperforms the rectangular system with non-DOI detectors, while the rectangular system with non-DOI detectors can outperform the parallel dual-planar system with DOI detectors for large simulated lesions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qi, JY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010; Kuo, Chaincy/H-9475-2016 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322; Kuo, Chaincy/0000-0001-7958-8764 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2089 EP 2096 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.803810 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FH UT WOS:000179177300010 ER PT J AU Meikle, SR Kench, P Weisenberger, AG Wojcik, R Smith, MF Majewski, S Eberl, S Fulton, RR Rosenfeld, AB Fulham, MJ AF Meikle, SR Kench, P Weisenberger, AG Wojcik, R Smith, MF Majewski, S Eberl, S Fulton, RR Rosenfeld, AB Fulham, MJ TI A prototype coded aperture detector for small animal SPECT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coded aperature; iterature reconstruction; single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); small animal imaging ID RECONSTRUCTION; TOMOGRAPHY; EMISSION AB In a previous simulation study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using coded apertures together with pixelated detectors for small animal SPECT. In this paper, we further explore the potential of this approach with a prototype detector and simulated multipinhole apertures. We also investigated the effect of multiplexing due to overlapped projections on convergence properties, image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution. The detector comprises a 48 x 44 array of NaI(TI) crystals, each I mm x I mm x 5 mm on a 1.25-mm pitch. The crystal array is directly coupled to a Hamamatsu R3941 8 cm position sensitive photomultiplier tube. Multipinhole apertures were simulated by performing repeated SPECT acquisitions of the same object with a single tungsten pinhole translated to different positions in the aperture plane. Image reconstruction is based on a three-dimensional ray driven projector which is an extension of a method described for single pinhole SPECT with a displaced center of rotation. Image estimates are updated using the maximum likelihood expectation maximization (ML-EM) algorithm. The effect of multiplexing was to slow convergence and reduce the achievable SNR by approximately 15% compared with nonmultiplexed data (but the result may be achieved in a fraction of the time). The reconstructed resolution obtained with a resolution phantom was 1.5-mm full width at half maximum and there was no appreciable difference between the resolution of multiplexed and nonmultiplexed data. These results encourage us to develop a prototype coded aperture system for high sensitivity, high resolution small animal SPECT. C1 Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Positron Emiss Tomogr PET & Nucl Med, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Med Radiat Sci, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Wollongong, Med Phys Res Ctr, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. RP Meikle, SR (reprint author), Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Positron Emiss Tomogr PET & Nucl Med, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. RI Kench, Peter/B-5549-2011; Meikle, Steven/A-5470-2009; OI Meikle, Steven/0000-0001-7397-0364; Kench, Peter/0000-0002-4327-0321; Fulton, Roger/0000-0003-2536-2190 NR 14 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2167 EP 2171 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.803802 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FH UT WOS:000179177300021 ER PT J AU Woody, CL Stoll, SP Schlyer, DJ Gerasimov, M Vaska, P Shokouhi, S Volkow, N Fowler, JS Dewey, SL AF Woody, CL Stoll, SP Schlyer, DJ Gerasimov, M Vaska, P Shokouhi, S Volkow, N Fowler, JS Dewey, SL TI A study of scintillation beta microprobes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO); microprobe; PET AB Several types of scintillation microprobes have recently been developed to directly measure positron activity from radiotracers in live animals. These probes consist of either a small lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystal or plastic scintillator coupled to an optical fiber that is read out with a photomultiplier tube operated in a single photon counting mode. In this paper, a comparison is made between the two types of probes in terms of their sensitivity to both positrons and gammas. It was found that LSO offers very high sensitivity to positrons due to its high density and light output, and allows the construction of very small probes for certain applications. The LSO probe can also provide effective discrimination between positrons and gammas, and provide better localization of positron decays, using pulse height discrimination. Results are also given on the use of the microprobe on live laboratory animals. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Woody, CL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2208 EP 2212 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.803776 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FH UT WOS:000179177300027 ER PT J AU Choong, WS Gruber, GJ Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Holland, SE Pedrali-Noy, M Krieger, B Mandelli, E Meddeler, G Wang, NW Witt, EK AF Choong, WS Gruber, GJ Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Holland, SE Pedrali-Noy, M Krieger, B Mandelli, E Meddeler, G Wang, NW Witt, EK TI A compact 16-module camera using 64-pixel CsI(Tl)/Si P-I-N photodiode imaging modules SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE compact gamma camera; low-noise integrated circuit readout; photodiode array; pixellated scintillator; scintimammography ID SCINTILLATION CAMERA; GAMMA-CAMERA; DETECTOR; SCINTIMAMMOGRAPHY; READOUT; ARRAYS AB We present a compact, configurable scintillation Camera employing a maximum of 16 individual 64-pixel imaging modules resulting in a 1024-pixel camera covering an area of 9.6 cm x 9.6 cm. The 64-pixel imaging module consists of optically isolated 3 mm x 3 mm x 5 mm, CsI(TI) crystals coupled to a custom array of Si p-i-n photodiodes read out by a custom integrated circuit (IC). Each imaging module plugs into a readout motherboard that controls the modules and interfaces with a data acquisition card inside a computer. For a given event, the motherboard employs a custom winner-take-all IC to identify the module with the largest analog output and to enable the output address bits of the corresponding module's readout IC. These address bits identify the "winner" pixel within the "winner" module. The peak of the largest analog signal is found and held using a peak detect circuit, after which it is acquired by an analog-to-digital converter on the data acquisition card. The camera is currently operated with four imaging modules in order to characterize its performance. At room temperature, the camera demonstrates an average energy resolution of 13.4% full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) for the 140-keV emissions of Tc-99m. The system spatial resolution is measured using a capillary tube with an inner diameter of 0.7 mm and located 10 cm from the face of the collimator. Images of the line source in air exhibit average system spatial resolutions of 8.7- and 11.2-mm FWHM when using an all-purpose and high-sensitivity parallel hexagonal holes collimator, respectively. These values do not change significantly when an acrylic scattering block is placed between the line source and the camera. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Capintec Inc, Ramsey, NJ 07446 USA. RP Choong, WS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2228 EP 2235 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.803676 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FH UT WOS:000179177300031 ER PT J AU Weisenberger, AG Barbosa, F Green, ID Hoefer, R Keppel, C Kross, B Majewski, S Popov, V Wojcik, R Wymer, DC AF Weisenberger, AG Barbosa, F Green, ID Hoefer, R Keppel, C Kross, B Majewski, S Popov, V Wojcik, R Wymer, DC TI Small field of view scintimammography gamma camera integrated to a stereotactic core biopsy digital X-ray system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma-ray detectors; scintimammography; X-ray imaging ID NONPALPABLE BREAST-LESIONS; PRONE SCINTIMAMMOGRAPHY; TC-99M SESTAMIBI; DETECTOR; PSPMT; OPTIMIZATION; DIAGNOSIS; CARCINOMA; CANCER AB A small field of view gamma camera has been developed for integration with a commercial stereotactic core biopsy system. The goal is to develop and implement a dual-modality imaging system utilizing scintimammography and digital radiography to evaluate the reliability of scintimammography in predicting the malignancy of suspected breast lesions from conventional X-ray mammography. The scintimammography gamma camera is a custom-built mini gamma camera with an active area of 5.3 cm x 5.3 cm and is based on a 2 x 2 array of Hamamatsu R7600-C8 position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes. The spatial resolution of the gamma camera at the collimator surface is < 4 mm full-width at half-maximum and a sensitivity of similar to 4000 Hz/mCi. The system is also capable of acquiring dynamic scintimammographic data to allow for dynamic uptake studies. Sample images of preliminary clinical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the system. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Riverside Reg Med Ctr, Newport News, VA 23601 USA. RP Weisenberger, AG (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2256 EP 2261 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.803778 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FH UT WOS:000179177300035 ER PT J AU Panin, VY Zeng, GSL Gullberg, GT AF Panin, VY Zeng, GSL Gullberg, GT TI Regularized iterative reconstruction in tensor tomography using gradient constraints SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging; iterative methods; tensor tomography ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION AB This paper investigates the iterative reconstruction of tensor fields in diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The gradient constraints on eigenvalue and tensor component images of the diffusion tensor were exploited. A computer-generated phantom was used in order to simulate the diffusion tensor in a cardiac MRI study with a diffusion model that depends on the fiber structure of the myocardium. Computer simulations verify that the regularized methods provide an improved reconstruction of the tensor principal directions. The reconstruction from experimentally acquired data is also presented. C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Panin, VY (reprint author), CPS Innovat, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2387 EP 2393 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.803684 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FH UT WOS:000179177300057 ER PT J AU Mengesha, W Valentine, JD AF Mengesha, W Valentine, JD TI Benchmarking NaI(Tl) electron energy resolution measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron energy resolution; electron response; light yield nonproportionality ID LIGHT YIELD NONPROPORTIONALITY AB A technique for validating electron energy resolution eta(e) results measured using the modified Compton coincidence technique (MCCT) has been developed. This technique relies on comparing measured gamma-ray energy resolution eta(gamma) with calculated values that were determined using the measured eta(e) results. These eta(gamma) calculations were based on Monte Carlo photon transport simulations, the measured Nal(TI) electron response, a simplified cascade sequence, and the measured eta(e) results. To demonstrate this technique, MCCT-measured Nal(TI) eta(gamma) results were used along with measured eta(gamma) results from the same NaI(Tl) crystal. Agreement to within 5% was observed for all energies considered between the calculated and measured eta(gamma) results for the NaI(TI) crystal characterized. The calculated eta(gamma) results were also compared with previously published eta(gamma) measurements with good agreement (<10%). In addition to describing the validation technique that was developed in this study and the results, a brief review of the eta(e) measurements made using the MCCT is provided. Based on the results of this study, it is believed that the MCCT-measured eta(e) results are reliable. Thus, the MCCT and this validation technique can be used in the future to characterize the eta(e) of other scintillators and to determine Nal(TI) intrinsic energy resolution. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Mengesha, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2420 EP 2426 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.803890 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FK UT WOS:000179177500004 ER PT J AU Menichelli, D Borchi, E Li, Z Bruzzi, M AF Menichelli, D Borchi, E Li, Z Bruzzi, M TI PICTS analysis of extended defects in heavily irradiated silicon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DLTS; PICTS; TSC; extended defects; irradiated silicon; silicon detectors ID LOCALIZED STATES; DETECTORS; SEMICONDUCTORS; RADIATION; NEUTRON; SPECTROSCOPY; PHYSICS; DAMAGE; METALS AB We report the results of an experimental study on radiation-induced defects in silicon p+n diodes irradiated with 1-MeV neutrons up to a fluence of 2.3x10(15) cm(-2). Heavily irradiated silicon diodes have been studied by means of Photo Induced Current Transient Spectroscopy (PICTS) technique using a variable filling time. For every filling time, a dominant broad and structured peak has been found in the temperature range 200-300 K. Such a broad peak cannot be accounted for by considering isolated point defects, being consistent with a quasi-continuous distribution of deep levels inside the bandgap. In addition, it is observed that the spectral lineshape tends to broaden as the filling time is increased. The details of the lineshape modifications depend strongly on the irradiation fluence of the sample, in such a way that they cannot be explained only in terms of emissions from noninteracting electron states. Thus we suggest that the investigated broad peak should, at least in part, be generated by emission from extended defects, also known as clusters. C1 Univ Florence, Dipartimento Energet, I-50139 Florence, Italy. INFM Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Menichelli, D (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Energet, I-50139 Florence, Italy. RI Bruzzi, Mara/K-1326-2015 OI Bruzzi, Mara/0000-0001-7344-8365 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2431 EP 2435 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.803881 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FK UT WOS:000179177500006 ER PT J AU Kulinich, P Sarin, P Sukhanov, A AF Kulinich, P Sarin, P Sukhanov, A TI The DAQ system with a RACEway switch for the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE data acquisition (DAQ) system; FPDP; Huffman compression; Mercury OS; multihost SCSI; parallel data processing; power PC; RACEway; VME AB PHOBOS data acquisition system based on a RACEway switching network is described. Occupying a single VME crate, the system utilizes 22 PPC750 CPUs working in parallel to compress data from 135 168 silicon pad detectors, and an UltraSPARC VME host for event building and data storage. Lossless Huffman coding is used for compression; this reduces the event size fourfold. The two-host disk array is used to stage data before sending them over Gigabit Ethernet to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) central computing facility. All trigger and control logic is formed using universal programmable logic VME modules, which can be programmed in situ, even when the system is running. The event building and run control software is written using the ROOT framework. The slow control and configuration makes use of an Oracle database to store configuration and monitoring parameters. The system has been taking data from the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC since June 2000. The achieved data-taking rate is 280 events/s or 28 MB/s, with additional disk arrays it can potentially reach 80 MB/s. C1 MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kulinich, P (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2455 EP 2458 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.804729 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FK UT WOS:000179177500010 ER PT J AU Wright, G Cui, Y Roy, UN Barnett, C Reed, K Burger, A Lu, F Li, L James, RB AF Wright, G Cui, Y Roy, UN Barnett, C Reed, K Burger, A Lu, F Li, L James, RB TI The effects of chemical etching on the charge collection efficiency of {111} oriented Cd0.9Zn0.1Te nuclear radiation detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CZT; charge collection; nuclear radiation detectors; surface recombination ID SURFACE LEAKAGE; CDZNTE; PASSIVATION AB In this paper, we report the effects of different etchants on the mobility-lifetime product (mutau) of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT). The mutau values were obtained via Hecht relation. The effects of surface recombination were also investigated using photoconductivity measurements. Results were obtained for a {111} oriented CZT single crystal. We find that the surfaces behave differently after etching. Values for surface recombination rates for (111)A and (111)B surfaces can vary by up to two orders of magnitudes for the same etchant. This large variation in surface recombination rates affects the charge collection efficiency and detector performance. We report surface treatments that enhance the charge collection efficiency for (111)A and (111)B surfaces. Data describing the detector response for Am-241 Spectra current-voltage relationship, and bulk mutau values and surface recombination rates are shown for different etchants. C1 Fisk Univ, Ctr Phono Mat & Devices, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Yinnel Tech, South Bend, IN 46619 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wright, G (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Ctr Phono Mat & Devices, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2521 EP 2525 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.803852 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FK UT WOS:000179177500024 ER PT J AU Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, K Dawson, JW Drake, G Drennan, C Foster, GW Haberichter, WN Hoff, J Kuhlmann, S Lindgren, MA Nodulman, LJ Proudfoot, J Schlereth, JL Wu, JY AF Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, K Dawson, JW Drake, G Drennan, C Foster, GW Haberichter, WN Hoff, J Kuhlmann, S Lindgren, MA Nodulman, LJ Proudfoot, J Schlereth, JL Wu, JY TI The Shower Maximum Front-End Electronics for the CDF upgrade SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analog integrated circuits; analog-digital conversion; biCMOS integrated circuits; calibration; data acquisition; field programmable gate arrays; programmable logic devices; transfer functions ID CHARGE INTEGRATOR; ENCODER AB The CDF Shower Maximum Electronics is part of the upgraded data acquisition system for the CDF experiment at Fermilab. The system services five detector subsystems of the calorimeter, and accommodates the different properties and data processing requirements imposed by each of them. The electronics is built around a custom integrated circuit called the SMQIE, which produces floating-point data with no dead-time using a 7.6-MHz clock. The components of the system are described, along with the principles of operation for performing data acquisition, calibration, and diagnostics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RP Byon-Wagner, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Drennan, Craig/0000-0003-3302-3789 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2567 EP 2573 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.803924 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 614FM UT WOS:000179177700002 ER PT J AU Lehr, J Irkici, HK AF Lehr, J Irkici, HK TI Guest editorial - Special issue on "Pulsed-Power Science and Technology" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Lehr, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1619 EP 1621 DI 10.1109/TPS.2003.808789 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900001 ER PT J AU Baum, CE Lehr, JM AF Baum, CE Lehr, JM TI Tapered transmission-line transformers for fast high-voltage transients SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE impedance transformation; nonuniform transmission lines; pulse droop; tapered transmission lines transformers AB One technique for raising the voltage in a fast pulse involves the use of a tapered transmission line transformer, whose transit time is large compared to the risetime of the pulse. For continuous variation of the characteristic impedance, the high-frequency/early-time voltage gain is given by the square root of the impedance ratio of each end of tapered line. An undesirable product of the tapered or transmission line transformer is the droop of the pulse after the initial step rise at the transmission line output. A formulation based on the voltage/current variables and renormalized wave variables has been used to examine the pulse droop with the idea of minimizing it. In the analysis, when the dominant term in expansion is optimized, the resulting geometry is that of the exponentially tapered line. The case of the exponentially tapered transmission line is discussed in detail and is shown to have an optimal transfer function in terms of early time voltage gain and improved droop characteristics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baum, CE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1712 EP 1721 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.806614 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900016 ER PT J AU Kanzleiter, RJ Atchison, WL Bowers, RL Fortson, RL Guzik, JA Olson, RT Stokes, JL Turchi, PJ AF Kanzleiter, RJ Atchison, WL Bowers, RL Fortson, RL Guzik, JA Olson, RT Stokes, JL Turchi, PJ TI Using pulsed power for hydrodynamic code validation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE code validation; convergent shocks; hydrodynamics; pulsed power ID SIMULATION AB As part of ongoing hydrodynamic code verification and validation efforts, a series of near-term liner experiments (NTLX) was designed for the Shiva Star capacitor bank at the Air Force Research Laboratory [1]. An aluminum liner that is magnetically imploded onto a central target by self-induced Lorentz forces drove the experiments. Target design utilized the adaptive mesh refinement Eulerian hydrodynamics code radiative adaptive grid eulerian (RAGE) in two- and three-dimensional. One-dimensional simulations of the liner driver utilizing the lagrangian magnetohydrodynamics code RAVEN are used to set the initial temperature and density profiles as well as liner velocity At impact time. During liner/target impact, a convergent shock is generated in the target that drives subsequent hydrodynamics experiments. In concentric targets, a cylindrically symmetric shock will converge on axis. The degree of shock symmetry observed characterizes the liner symmetry at impact. By shifting the target center away from the liner driver axis, variations in shock propagation velocity generate off-center shock convergence. Results indicate that RAVEN and RAGE are in excellent agreement for the calculated shock trajectory. However, a small but significant discrepancy does occur during the last few millimeters of run-in when convergence effects are greatest. The codes predict shock arrival times that are approximately 100 ns faster than those observed experimentally. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kanzleiter, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1755 EP 1763 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.806641 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900022 ER PT J AU Reinovsky, RE Anderson, WE Atchison, WL Ekdahl, CE Faehl, RJ Lindemuth, IR Morgan, DV Murillo, M Stokes, JL Shlachter, JS AF Reinovsky, RE Anderson, WE Atchison, WL Ekdahl, CE Faehl, RJ Lindemuth, IR Morgan, DV Murillo, M Stokes, JL Shlachter, JS TI Instability growth in magnetically imploded high-conductivity cylindrical liners with material strength SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE instabilities; liner; Rayleigh-Taylor AB Magnetically imploded cylindrical metal shells (z-pinch liners) are attractive drivers for experiments exploring hydrodynamics and properties of materials at extreme conditions. As in all z-pinches, the outer surface of a liner is unstable to magneto Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) modes during acceleration, and large-scale distortion arising from RT modes could make such liners unuseable. On the other hand, material strength in the liner should, from first principles, reduce the growth rate of RT modes, and material strength can render some combinations of wavelength and amplitude analytically stable. A series of experiments has been conducted in which high-conductivity, soft, cylindrical aluminum liners were accelerated with 6-MA, 7-mus rise-time driving currents. Small perturbations were machined into the outer surface of the liner and perturbation growth monitored. Two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic (2-D-MHD) calculations of the growth of the initial perturbations were in good agreement with experimentally observed perturbation growth through the entire course of the implosions. In general, for high-conductivity and soft materials, theory and simulation adequately predicted the behavior of magneto-RT modes in liners where elastic-plastic behavior applies. This is the first direct verification of the growth of magneto-RT in solids with strength known to the authors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reinovsky, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1764 EP 1776 DI 10.1109/TPS.202.805418 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900023 ER PT J AU Turchi, PJ Alvey, K Adams, C Anderson, B Anderson, HD Anderson, WE Armijo, E Atchison, WL Bartos, J Bowers, RL Cameron, B Cavazos, T Coffey, S Corrow, R Degnan, JH Echave, J Froggett, B Gale, D Garcia, F Guzik, JA Henneke, B Kanzleiter, RJ Kiuttu, G Lebeda, C Olson, RT Oro, D Parker, JV Peterkin, RE Peterson, K Pritchett, R Randolph, RB Reinovsky, RE Roberts, J Rodriguez, G Sandoval, D Sandoval, G Salazar, MA Sommars, W Steckle, W Stokes, JL Studebaker, J Tabaka, L Taylor, AJ AF Turchi, PJ Alvey, K Adams, C Anderson, B Anderson, HD Anderson, WE Armijo, E Atchison, WL Bartos, J Bowers, RL Cameron, B Cavazos, T Coffey, S Corrow, R Degnan, JH Echave, J Froggett, B Gale, D Garcia, F Guzik, JA Henneke, B Kanzleiter, RJ Kiuttu, G Lebeda, C Olson, RT Oro, D Parker, JV Peterkin, RE Peterson, K Pritchett, R Randolph, RB Reinovsky, RE Roberts, J Rodriguez, G Sandoval, D Sandoval, G Salazar, MA Sommars, W Steckle, W Stokes, JL Studebaker, J Tabaka, L Taylor, AJ TI Design, fabrication, and operation of a high-energy liner implosion experiment at 16 megamperes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diagnostics; implosions; liners; megampere AB We discuss the design, fabrication, and operation of a liner implosion system At peak currents of 16 MA. Liners of 1100 aluminum, with initial length, radius, and thickness of 4 cm, 5 cm, and 1 mm, respectively, implode under the action of a axial current, rising in 8 mus. Fields; on conductor surfaces exceed 0.6 MG. Design and fabrication issues that were successfully addressed include: Pulsed Power-especially current joints at high magnetic fields and. the possibility of electrical breakdown at connection of liner cassette insulator to bank insulation; Liner Physics-including the angle needed to maintain current contact between liner and glide-plane/electrode without jetting or buckling; Diagnostics-X-radiography through cassette insulator and outer conductor without shrapnel damage to film. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEH, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89030 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SAIC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NumerEx, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEH, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1777 EP 1788 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.805447 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900024 ER PT J AU Dewald, E Frank, K Hoffmann, DHH Tauschwitz, A AF Dewald, E Frank, K Hoffmann, DHH Tauschwitz, A TI Comparative studies on intense electron beams generated in transient hollow-cathode discharges SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE channel spark; electron beams; preionization-controlled open-ended hollow-cathode (PCOHC); pseudospark ID SPARK DISCHARGES AB For a large range of pulsed power applications, intense pulsed electron beams with 0.1-2-mm diameter, power densities of about 109 W/cm(2), peak currents in the 50 to 1000 A range, and electron energies up to several tens of kiloelectronvolts are generated in high voltage (5-30 kV) transient hollow cathode discharges (THCD). The most efficient THCD configurations for generating such electron beams are the pseudospark, the channel spark, and preionization-controlled open-ended hollow-cathode configurations, which differ from each other by the tube geometry and the typical working gas pressure (0.5-500 Pa). The beam parameters, such as current, pulse length, and electron energy are compared for all three configurations using the same diagnostics. The dependencies of these beam parameters on the discharge geometry, voltage, external capacitance, and gas pressure is discussed in these three configurations. C1 GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Dewald, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1820 EP 1826 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.806622 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900030 ER PT J AU Grabowski, C Degnan, JH Cavazos, T Gale, DG Gilman, C Sommars, W Intrator, TP Taccetti, JM Waganaar, B Siemon, RE Wurden, GA AF Grabowski, C Degnan, JH Cavazos, T Gale, DG Gilman, C Sommars, W Intrator, TP Taccetti, JM Waganaar, B Siemon, RE Wurden, GA TI Development of a high-current low-inductance crowbar switch for FRX-L SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cable feedthroughs; crowbar switches; pulsed power; rail-gap switches; field-reversed configurations AB The design and test results of a crowbar switch developed for the formation of long-lifetime field-reversed configurations are presented. These research efforts are being pursued at the FRX-L facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory using the "Colt" capacitor bank (a 36 muF Shiva Star bank module capable of storing up to 250 U) and at the Air Force Research Laboratory using the "Formation" capacitor bank (consisting of three parallel banks identical to Colt). The crowbar switch design includes four Maxwell rail-gap switches mounted on a cable header that transitions from the capacitor bank bus plates to 48 RG 17/14 coaxial cables. For the testing performed at AFRL, a dummy load was set up to simulate the magnetic field coils of the actual experiment. Tests thus far have demonstrated the crowbarring of peak currents up to 1.25 MA. Breakdown within the cable header due to the initial high voltage applied from the bank has been successfully suppressed by the cable feed-through design, proper placement of Mylar sheets around the switch for insulation, and replacement of air in the header with SF6. Timing for the triggering of the crowbar is somewhat critical, as inductance in the switch increases when the switch is triggered with lower voltages across the switch rails. At the higher bank charge voltages, the charge-flow ratings on the rail-gap switches are exceeded; however, other than requiring that the rail electrodes in the switches be cleaned more frequently, no detrimental effects have been observed from the excessive charge flow. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grabowski, C (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1905 EP 1915 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.805405 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900045 ER PT J AU Elizondo, JM Meredith, K Lapetina, N AF Elizondo, JM Meredith, K Lapetina, N TI Ceramic secondary electron emssion and surface charge measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ceramic coatings; secondary electron emission; SEE; surface charge; surface flashover AB The secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficient is strongly dependent on material type due to the fact that secondary electrons come primarily from inelastic electron collisions and intrinsic lattice losses. Other macroscopic factors affecting. the emission process are related to surface finish, surface coatings, ion implantation, and surface preparation and cleaning procedures. SEE plays a key role. in most proposed models for insulator surface flashover development. We have measured total surface electron yield from a number of materials as well as from similar materials with different surface treatments. The experiments were performed using both a continuous wave and a pulsed electron gun with a hemispherical electron energy spectrometer at vacuum levels in the range of 10(-8) torr. Electron spectroscopy reveals substantial difference in total electron yield due to minor changes in surface finish. The results of SEE measurements and the secondary electron energy distribution, using both continuous wave and pulsed electron beams, are presented. Quasimetalized surfaces show distinct SEE reduction over nontreated samples. Another measurement taken, characterized insulator surface charge as a function of pulse length, number of pulses, and total electron beam current. Material surface charge characteristics using electron pulses from 100 mus and up to 1 ms are presented. Results indicate radically different surface charge behavior between single pulse, repetitive pulse, and continuous wave experiments. C1 EMT Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Elizondo, JM (reprint author), EMT Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1955 EP 1960 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.805370 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644XK UT WOS:000180945900052 ER PT J AU Feddema, JT Lewis, C Schoenwald, DA AF Feddema, JT Lewis, C Schoenwald, DA TI Decentralized control of cooperative robotic vehicles: Theory and application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Article DE autonomous vehicles; cooperative robots; decentralized control; stability ID NONHOLONOMIC MOBILE ROBOTS; BEHAVIOR; ARCHITECTURE; ENVIRONMENT; NAVIGATION; SYSTEM AB This paper describes how decentralized control theory can be used to analyze the control of multiple cooperative robotic vehicles. Models of cooperation are discussed and related to the input/output reachability, structural observability, and controllability of the entire system. Whereas decentralized control research in the past has concentrated on using decentralized controllers to partition complex physically interconnected systems, this work uses decentralized methods to connect otherwise independent nontouching robotic vehicles so that they behave in a stable, coordinated fashion. A vector Liapunov method is used to prove stability of two examples: the controlled motion of multiple vehicles along a line and the controlled motion of multiple vehicles in formation. Also presented are three applications of this theory: controlling a formation, guarding a perimeter, and surrounding a facility. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jtfedde@sandia.gov; clewis@sandia.gov; daschoe@sandia.gov NR 44 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1042-296X J9 IEEE T ROBOTIC AUTOM JI IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 852 EP 864 DI 10.1109/TRA.2002.803466 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA 619XJ UT WOS:000179502600017 ER PT J AU Mercado, GA Luce, BP Xin, J AF Mercado, GA Luce, BP Xin, J TI Modelling thermal front dynamics in microwave heating SO IMA JOURNAL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE front dynamics; Maxwell's wave; microwave heating; thermal fronts AB The formation and propagation of thermal fronts in a cylindrical medium that is undergoing microwave heating is studied in detail. The model consists of Maxwell's wave equation coupled to a temperature diffusion equation containing a bistable nonlinear term. When the thermal diffusivity is sufficiently small the leading-order temperature solution of a singular perturbation analysis is used to reduce the system to a free boundary problem. This approximation is then used to derive predictions for the steady-state penetration and profiles of the temperature and electric fields. These solutions are valid for arbitrary values of the electric conductivity, and thus extend the previous (small conductivity) results found in the literature. A quasi-static approximation for the electric field is then used to obtain an ordinary differential equation for the relaxation dynamics to the steady state. This equation appears to accurately describe the time scale of the electric field's evolution both with and without the presence of a strongly coupled temperature front, and may be of wider interest than the model for microwave heating studied here. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Math, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Autonoma Zacatecas, Fac Matemat, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Math, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, TICAM, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Math, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM gema@mate.reduaz.mx; luceb@lanl.gov; jxin@math.utexas.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0272-4960 EI 1464-3634 J9 IMA J APPL MATH JI IMA J. Appl. Math. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 67 IS 5 BP 419 EP 439 DI 10.1093/imamat/67.5.419 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 613FE UT WOS:000179121000001 ER PT J AU Nilsson, M AF Nilsson, M TI Hierarchical clustering using non-greedy principal direction divisive partitioning SO INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LA English DT Article DE clustering; taxonomy; PCA; classification AB We present a non-greedy version of the recently published Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning (PDDP) algorithm. The PDDP algorithm creates a hierarchical taxonomy of a data set by successively splitting the data into sub-clusters. At each level the cluster with largest variance is split by a hyper-plane orthogonal to its leading principal component. The PDDP algorithm is known to produce high quality clusters, especially when applied to high dimensional data, such as document-word feature matrices. It also scales well with both the size and the dimensionality of the data set. However, at each level only the locally optimal choice of spitting is considered. At a later stage this often leads to a non-optimal global partitioning of the data. The non-greedy version of the PDDP algorithm (NGPDDP) presented in this paper address this problem. At each level multiple alternative splitting strategies are considered. Results from applying the algorithm to generated and real data (feature vectors from sets of text documents) are presented. The results show substantial improvements in the cluster quality. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nilsson, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI nilsson jacobi, martin/C-9296-2012 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-4564 J9 INFORM RETRIEVAL JI Inf. Retr. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 5 IS 4 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1023/A:1020443310743 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 600FN UT WOS:000178380100002 ER PT J AU Yen, DHY Beck, JV McMasters, RL Amos, DE AF Yen, DHY Beck, JV McMasters, RL Amos, DE TI Solution of an initial-boundary value problem for heat conduction in a parallelepiped by time partitioning SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article AB An initial-boundary value problem for transient heat conduction in a rectangular parallelepiped is studied. Solutions for the temperature and heat flux are represented as integrals involving the Green's function (GF), the initial and boundary data, and volumetric energy generation. Use of the usual GF obtained by separation of variables leads to slowly convergent series. To circumvent this difficulty, the dummy time interval of integration is partitioned into a short time and a long time subintervals where the GFs are approximated by their small and large time representations. This paper deals with the analysis and implementation of this time partitioning method. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP McMasters, RL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 21 BP 4267 EP 4279 AR PII S0017-9310(02)00145-X DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00145-X PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 576YE UT WOS:000177034100003 ER PT J AU Mikielewicz, DP Shehata, AM Jackson, JD McEligot, DM AF Mikielewicz, DP Shehata, AM Jackson, JD McEligot, DM TI Temperature, velocity and mean turbulence structure in strongly heated internal gas flows - Comparison of numerical predictions with data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID MIXED CONVECTION; 2-EQUATION MODEL; CIRCULAR TUBES; EPSILON MODEL; NEAR-WALL; NUMBER; LAMINARIZATION; CHANNEL; FLUXES; LAYER AB The main objective of the present study is to examine whether "simple" turbulence models (i.e., models requiring two partial differential equations or less for turbulent transport) are suitable for use under conditions of forced flow of gas at low Reynolds numbers in tubes with intense heating, leading to large variations of fluid properties and considerable modification of turbulence. Eleven representative models are considered. The ability of such models to handle such flows was assessed by means of computational simulations of the carefully designed experiments of Shehata and McEligot (IJHMT 41 (1998) 4297) at heating rates of q(in)(+) approximate to 0.0018, 0.0035 and 0.0045, yielding flows ranging from essentially turbulent to laminarized. The resulting comparisons of computational results with experiments showed that the model by Launder and Sharma (Lett. Heat Transfer 1 (1974) 131) performed best in predicting axial wall temperature profiles. Overall, agreement between the measured velocity and temperature distributions and those calculated using the Launder-Sharma model is good, which gives confidence in the values forecast for the turbulence quantities produced. These have been used to assist in arriving at a better understanding of the influences of intense heating, and hence strong variation of fluid properties, on turbulent flow in tubes. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Victoria Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Gdansk Tech Univ, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Xerox Corp, Webster, NY 14580 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McEligot, DM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Mikielewicz, Dariusz/C-7579-2015 NR 65 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 45 IS 21 BP 4333 EP 4352 AR PII S0017-9310(02)00119-9 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00119-9 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 576YE UT WOS:000177034100009 ER PT J AU Lutz, AE Larson, RS Keller, JO AF Lutz, AE Larson, RS Keller, JO TI Thermodynamic comparison of fuel cells to the Carnot cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fuel cells; thermodynamics; Carnot cycle; efficiency AB This paper compares the theoretical maximum efficiency of a fuel cell to the efficiency of a Carnot cycle driven by the same net reaction. The comparison dispels the misconception that an ideal fuel cell is potentially more efficient than an ideal heat engine. The paper presents expressions for the thermal efficiencies of an ideal fuel cell and a Carnot heat engine. To show that the maximum efficiency is the same, the analysis of the Carnot cycle is modified to consider an engine driven by a combustion reaction. The derivation invokes the approximations that the enthalpy and entropy changes for the reaction are independent of temperature, these approximations are justified by the hydrogen-oxidation reaction. The analysis extends that presented by Appleby and Foulkes (Fuel Cell Handbook, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1989) by showing that with proper accounting for heat addition, the maximum efficiency of a fuel cell is 100%-not larger-for reactions with a positive entropy change. In addition, this paper explains the difference between the combustion temperature, at which an idealized Carnot cycle would operate, and the adiabatic flame temperature. (C) 2002 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lutz, AE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS-9053, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD OCT PY 2002 VL 27 IS 10 BP 1103 EP 1111 AR PII S0360-3199(02)00016-2 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00016-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 581GF UT WOS:000177282600013 ER PT J AU Gaillard, MK AF Gaillard, MK TI Progress in weakly coupled string phenomenology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Michigan-Center-for-Theoretical-Physics CY MAY 21-25, 2001 CL ANN ARBOR, MI ID EFFECTIVE FIELD-THEORIES; SOFT SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; SIGMA-MODEL ANOMALIES; GAUGINO CONDENSATION; SUPERSTRING MODELS; LOOP CORRECTIONS; FLAT DIRECTIONS; TARGET-SPACE; DARK-MATTER; SUPERGRAVITY AB The weakly coupled vacuum of E-8 circle times E-8 heterotic string theory remains an attractive scenario for particle physics. The particle spectrum and the issue of dilaton stabilization are reviewed. A specific model for hidden sector condensation and supersymmetry breaking, that respects known constraints from string theory, is described, and its phenomenological and cosmological implications are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 SU S BP 70 EP 83 DI 10.1142/S0217751X02013022 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 614AR UT WOS:000179165100009 ER PT J AU Quinn, HR AF Quinn, HR TI The symmetry, or lack of it, between matter and antimatter SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics CY MAY 21-25, 2001 CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN ID CP NONCONSERVATION; VIOLATION AB This talk reviews the history of ideas on antimatter, the symmetry of physical laws for matter and antimatter, and the breaking of that symmetry, in these laws and in the evolution of the Universe. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Quinn, HR (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 SU S BP 137 EP 156 DI 10.1142/S0217751X02013083 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 614AR UT WOS:000179165100015 ER PT J AU Turner, MS AF Turner, MS TI Making sense of the new cosmology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Michigan-Center-for-Theoretical-Physics CY MAY 21-25, 2001 CL ANN ARBOR, MI ID COLD DARK-MATTER; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; ACCELERATING UNIVERSE; CONSTANT; SUPERNOVAE; DECELERATION; ANISOTROPY; LAMBDA; MODELS AB Over the past three years we have determined the basic features of the Universe - spatially flat; accelerating; comprised of 1/3 a new form of matter, 2/3 a new form of energy, with some ordinary matter and a dash of massive neutrinos; and apparently born from a burst of rapid expansion during, which quantum noise was stretched to astrophysical size seeding cosmic structure. The New Cosmology greatly extends the highly successful hot big-bang model. Now we have to make sense of all this: What is the dark matter particle? What is the nature of the dark energy? Why this mixture? How did the matter - antimatter asymmetry arise? What is the underlying cause of inflation (if it indeed occurred)? C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM mturner@oddjob.uchicago.edu NR 47 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 SU S BP 180 EP 196 DI 10.1142/S0217751X02013113 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 614AR UT WOS:000179165100018 ER PT J AU Brace, D Cerchiai, BL Zumino, B AF Brace, D Cerchiai, BL Zumino, B TI Nonabelian gauge theories on noncommutative spaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics CY MAY 21-25, 2001 CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN ID OPEN WILSON LINES; STAR PRODUCTS AB In this paper, we describe a method for obtaining the nonabelian Seiberg-Witten map for any gauge group and to any order in theta. The equations defining the Seiberg-Witten map are expressed using a coboundary operator, so that they can be solved by constructing a corresponding homotopy operator. The ambiguities, of both the gauge and covariant type, which arise in this map are manifest in our formalism. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brace, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Cerchiai, Bianca Letizia/0000-0002-0109-0330 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 SU S BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1142/S0217751X02013137 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 614AR UT WOS:000179165100020 ER PT J AU Carrie, FR Modera, MP AF Carrie, FR Modera, MP TI Experimental investigation of aerosol deposition on slot- and joint-type leaks SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DUCT LEAKAGE; PENETRATION; CAPILLARIES; BUILDINGS; SYSTEMS AB This paper deals with the quantification of the sealing effectiveness of slot- and joint-type leaks by aerosol deposits. A sticky aerosol (MMAD approximate to 4.9 mum; GSD approximate to 2.7) was injected into a duct and blown out through machined slot- and joint-type leaks located on the duct wall. For both leak-types, the crack exit was a rectangular opening of 1.7 x 50 mm. The pressure difference across the leaks was kept constant during the plugging process, while the airflow rate through the openings was continuously monitored. The deposition patterns were recorded and the average deposition efficiencies were obtained through the measurement of the particle mass collected in the crack. Instantaneous sealing rates were obtained from the leakage airflow time series. The normalized sealing rate (NSR) introduced in this paper allows one to compare the instantaneous sealing efficiencies as the leaks are subjected to various boundary conditions. For our specific leak geometries and boundary conditions, the three key results of these experiments are: (a) inertial impaction near the entry point is the major cause of the decline of the leakage flow rate for either type of leak; (b) the pressure variations in the 100-400 Pa range do not have a significant effect on the average deposition efficiency; (c) the average deposition efficiency of the slot- and joint-type leaks used are in the range of 25% and 85%, respectively. We also observed that there exists a critical joint-leak size below which the NSR decreases significantly. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ecole Natl Travaux Publ Etat, Lab Sci Habitat, CNRS, DGCB,URA 1652, F-69518 Vaulx En Velin, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Indoor Environm Dept, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carrie, FR (reprint author), CETE Lyon, 46 Rue St Theobald BP 128, F-38081 Lisle Dabeau, France. OI Carrie, Francois Remi/0000-0002-5021-7166 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1447 EP 1462 AR PII S0021-8502(02)00086-1 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(02)00086-1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 619YR UT WOS:000179506000008 ER PT J AU Wang, XL Wang, YD Richardson, JW AF Wang, XL Wang, YD Richardson, JW TI Experimental error caused by sample displacement in time-of-flight neutron diffractometry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL BURIAL; DIFFRACTION; VOLUME AB A significant error may occur in the measured lattice parameters when the sample is displaced from the diffractometer center. For time-of-flight neutron diffractometers, this error gives rise to different lattice parameters, not only for detectors at different 2theta but also for detectors at the same 2theta but on opposite sides of the incident beam. Tests made on GPPD at IPNS, Argonne National Laboratory, show that this error largely arises from a change in the diffraction constant, 1/Lsintheta, where L is the total flight path. Modeling of the experimental data indicates that in order to achieve a precision of 10(-4), a typical requirement for strain measurements, for a wide angular range of detectors, the sample should be positioned to within similar to 0.1 mm of the diffractometer center. Equations are given to relate the errors measured at different diffraction angles. For small sample displacement, the error may be corrected by introducing the displacements along and normal to the incident beam as refinable parameters in least-squares-based analysis programs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, 701 Scarboro Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 35 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1107/S0021889802009202 PN 5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 590DN UT WOS:000177802800003 ER PT J AU Adcock, PA Adeloju, SB Newman, OMG AF Adcock, PA Adeloju, SB Newman, OMG TI Measurement of polarization parameters impacting on electrodeposit morphology I: Theory and development of technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electrodeposit; morphology; nucleation; overpotential; polycrystalline ID SULFATE ELECTROLYTES; ZINC; ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION; LEAD; NUCLEATION; ANTIMONY; ALUMINUM; ALLOYS; METALS; ACID AB A newly extended theory is presented on the role of polarization characteristics in determining the morphology of thick, polycrystalline metal electrodeposits. The theory is applicable to any system in which a single metal deposits. A simple galvanodynamic scanning procedure is more favourable than cyclic voltammetry, for predicting deposit morphology. The galvanodynamic technique represents an improved way of measuring accurately the nucleation potential and plating potential. According to the extended theory, these potentials can be readily related to the major metallographic structures of polycrystalline electrodeposits. C1 Univ Western Sydney, Sch Sci Food & Hort, Ctr Electrochem Res & Analyt Technol, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. Pasminco Smelter Tech Support, Boolaroo, NSW 2284, Australia. RP Adcock, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-11,POB 1663,MS D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Adeloju, Samuel/B-6397-2008 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1101 EP 1107 DI 10.1023/A:1021251603240 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 619VF UT WOS:000179497600005 ER PT J AU Yadlowsky, EJ Barakat, F Carlson, EP Hazelton, RC Keitz, M Klepper, CC Failor, BH Levine, JS Song, Y Whitten, BL Coverdale, CR Deeney, C Spielman, RB AF Yadlowsky, EJ Barakat, F Carlson, EP Hazelton, RC Keitz, M Klepper, CC Failor, BH Levine, JS Song, Y Whitten, BL Coverdale, CR Deeney, C Spielman, RB TI High resolution measurements of ion temperatures in z-pinch plasmas SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-WIRE ARRAY; IMPLOSION AB The Doppler broadening of ion line profiles emitted by z-pinch plasma provides information about the thermalization of the implosion kinetic energy and the radiation efficiency of the pinch. Measurements of these line profiles are often complicated by source broadening in the instrument and opacity broadening of the emitted radiation. A high resolution concave crystal spectrometer in the Johann geometry was used to record the time averaged spectra of optically thin trace elements in the load. An imaging slit provided radially resolved but axially averaged spectra. The measurements indicate that lower ion temperatures (3-5 keV) are observed for Al wire loads on both the Saturn and Double EAGLE accelerators in the short current pulse mode (60-100 ns) than in the long pulse mode (125-225 ns) where values of 6.3-9.5 keV are observed. These values are smaller than those observed on Saturn by others. Furthermore, the wavelength at the line center of axially resolved ion line profiles on the DM-2 accelerator at Titan was observed to vary about some average value which implies an axially varying fluid motion of the plasma column transverse to the pinch axis. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 HY Tech Res Corp, Radford, VA 24141 USA. Titan Syst Corp, Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yadlowsky, EJ (reprint author), HY Tech Res Corp, 104 Ctr Court, Radford, VA 24141 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3458 EP 3462 DI 10.1063/1.1505671 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600006 ER PT J AU O'Sullivan, PL Baumann, FH Gilmer, GH Torre, JD Shin, CS Petrov, I Lee, TY AF O'Sullivan, PL Baumann, FH Gilmer, GH Torre, JD Shin, CS Petrov, I Lee, TY TI Continuum model of thin film deposition incorporating finite atomic length scales SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL SET APPROACH; PHYSICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; UNIFIED MODEL; LITHOGRAPHY; SYSTEM; ALGORITHMS; DIFFUSION; EVOLUTION AB We show that surface evolution resulting from the deposition of discrete particles is intrinsically different from that produced by continuum processes. The atomistic effects have major consequences, even when observed at macroscopic length scales. We have elucidated some of the atomistic effects by comparing: (i) numerical simulations of thin film deposition using the continuum model, (ii) atomistic (Monte Carlo) models, and (iii) experiments on the sputter deposition of Ta onto a substrate containing etched vias. We have therefore developed a continuum model which incorporates finite atomic length scales. The model incorporates effects of atomic interactions, which lead to the capture of impinging atoms that pass near a point on the film. This capture effect results in "breadloafing" at sharp convex corners where the curvature is high. We have validated our model in idealized two-dimensional simulations and obtained improved qualitative agreement with both experiment and Monte Carlo atomistic simulations. In the case of deposition into a trench, the model predicts that the protruding material from breadloafing eventually merges above the trench, leaving an enclosed void. This effect is observed in experiments, but is not reproduced when using the standard continuum model. Finally, we have also developed and implemented a more general three-dimensional model which successfully results in the breadloafing effect. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Phys Solides UMR5477, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP O'Sullivan, PL (reprint author), Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, 700 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Petrov, Ivan/D-4910-2011 OI Petrov, Ivan/0000-0002-2955-4897 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3487 EP 3494 DI 10.1063/1.1497465 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600010 ER PT J AU Metzger, WK Wanlass, MW Gedvilas, LM Verley, JC Carapella, JJ Ahrenkiel, RK AF Metzger, WK Wanlass, MW Gedvilas, LM Verley, JC Carapella, JJ Ahrenkiel, RK TI Effective electron mass and plasma filter characterization of n-type InGaAs and InAsP SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; CARRIER CONCENTRATION; COUPLED PLASMON; GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; REFLECTION; MODES; BAND AB We measured the infrared reflectance of thin films of degenerate n-type InxGa1-xAs and n-InAsyP1-y as a function of doping for compositions that correspond to x=0.53, 0.66, and 0.78 (band gaps of 0.74, 0.60, and 0.50 eV, respectively) and y=0.00, 0.31, 0.52, and 0.71 (band gaps of 1.34, 1.00, 0.75, and 0.58 eV, respectively). We then used the Drude theory and Hall measurements to determine the effective electron mass for these samples, and checked the results using Raman spectroscopy. The effective electron mass for these compositions increases abruptly as a function of free-electron density and converges at 5x10(19) electrons/cm(3). Consequently, it is difficult to attain plasma edges at wavelengths shorter than 5 mum using these materials, and the plasma edge is nearly independent of composition at large electron density levels. Results from similar studies on InP, InAs, and GaAs have been compiled and compared with our data. It is clear that the Kane band model offers an accurate description of the conduction-band nonparabolicity. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Metzger, WK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Verley, Jason/C-2026-2008 OI Verley, Jason/0000-0003-2184-677X NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3524 EP 3529 DI 10.1063/1.1504170 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600015 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Williams, JS Zou, J Jagadish, C Pophristic, M Guo, S Ferguson, IT Manasreh, MO AF Kucheyev, SO Williams, JS Zou, J Jagadish, C Pophristic, M Guo, S Ferguson, IT Manasreh, MO TI Ion-beam-produced damage and its stability in AlN films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATED ALN; NITRIDE CERAMICS; IMPLANTATION; GAN; INXGA1-XN; BOMBARDMENT AB Structural characteristics of single-crystal wurtzite AlN epilayers (grown on sapphire substrates) bombarded with 300 keV Au-197(+) ions at room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures (RT and LN2) are studied by a combination of Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Results reveal extremely strong dynamic annealing of ion-beam-generated defects in AlN. Lattice amorphization is not observed even for very large doses of keV heavy ions at LN2. An increase in irradiation temperature from LN2 to RT has a relatively small effect on the production of stable structural damage in AlN. In contrast to the case of AlxGa1-xN with xless than or equal to0.6, neither damage saturation in the crystal bulk (below the random level) nor preferential surface disordering is revealed for AlN. Results also show that structural lattice disorder produced in AlN by high-dose keV heavy-ion bombardment is stable to rapid thermal annealing at temperatures as high as 1000 degreesC. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Sydney, Australian Key Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EMCORE Corp, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Zou, Jin/B-3183-2009 OI Zou, Jin/0000-0001-9435-8043 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3554 EP 3558 DI 10.1063/1.1501746 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600019 ER PT J AU Gahagan, KT Moore, DS Funk, DJ Reho, JH Rabie, RL AF Gahagan, KT Moore, DS Funk, DJ Reho, JH Rabie, RL TI Ultrafast interferometric microscopy for laser-driven shock wave characterization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN INTERFEROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINUM; PHASE AB We have applied ultrafast time-resolved two-dimensional interferometric microscopy to the measurement of shock wave breakout from thin metal films. This technique allows the construction of a two-dimensional breakout profile for laser generated impulsive shocks with temporal resolution of <300 fs and out-of-plane spatial resolution of 0.5 nm using 130 fs, 800 nm probe pulses. Constraints placed on the spatial extent of the probed region and on the spatial resolution of the technique by the short duration of the probe pulses are discussed. In combination with other techniques, such as spectral interferometry, this technique provides a powerful means of investigating shock dynamics in a variety of materials. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gahagan, KT (reprint author), Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013 NR 12 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3679 EP 3682 DI 10.1063/1.1505976 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600040 ER PT J AU Sztucki, M Metzger, TH Kegel, I Tilke, A Rouviere, JL Lubbert, D Arthur, J Patel, JR AF Sztucki, M Metzger, TH Kegel, I Tilke, A Rouviere, JL Lubbert, D Arthur, J Patel, JR TI X-ray analysis of temperature induced defect structures in boron implanted silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HUANG DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; DISLOCATION LOOPS; DIFFRACTION; CLUSTERS; DAMAGE; SI AB We demonstrate the application of surface sensitive diffuse x-ray scattering under the condition of grazing incidence and exit angles to investigate growth and dissolution of near-surface defects after boron implantation in silicon(001) and annealing. Silicon wafers were implanted with a boron dose of 6x10(15) ions/cm(2) at 32 keV and went through different annealing treatments. From the diffuse intensity close to the (220) surface Bragg peak we reveal the nature and kinetic behavior of the implantation induced defects. Analyzing the q dependence of the diffuse scattering, we are able to distinguish between point defect clusters and extrinsic stacking faults on {111} planes. Characteristic for stacking faults are diffuse x-ray intensity streaks along <111> directions, which allow for the determination of their growth and dissolution kinetics. For the annealing conditions of our crystals, we conclude that the kinetics of growth can be described by an Ostwald ripening model in which smaller faults shrink at the expense of the larger stacking faults. The growth is found to be limited by the self-diffusion of silicon interstitials. After longer rapid thermal annealing the stacking faults disappear almost completely without shrinking, most likely by transformation into perfect loops via a dislocation reaction. This model is confirmed by complementary cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Munich, CeNS, D-80539 Munich, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. CEA Grenoble, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, SP2M, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. ALS, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Stanford, CA USA. RP Sztucki, M (reprint author), Univ Munich, CeNS, Geschwister Scholl Pl 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3694 EP 3703 DI 10.1063/1.1505982 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600043 ER PT J AU Zuo, SL Hong, YG Yu, ET Klem, JF AF Zuo, SL Hong, YG Yu, ET Klem, JF TI Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy of GaAsSb/GaAs quantum well structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ATOMIC GEOMETRY; SUPERLATTICES; INSB(110); MOBILITY; LASERS; GAINP AB We have used cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to perform nanometer-scale characterization of compositional structure and interfacial properties within GaAs1-xSbx/GaAs double-quantum well structures. An algorithm has been devised based on analysis of strain effects in STM data to obtain detailed, quantitative compositional profiles within alloy layers. Using this and other analysis techniques, we have assessed the influence of group V anion soaks at each heterojunction interface on interface roughness and abruptness. An As soak at the GaAs-on-GaAs1-xSbx interfaces reduces interface roughness but leads to a slight loss of abruptness at the interface, while an As+Sb soak at GaAs1-xSbx-on-GaAs interfaces improves abruptness while leaving interface roughness largely unaffected. Significant compositional grading at the nanometer scale is observed within the GaAs1-xSbx layers. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zuo, SL (reprint author), Qualcomm Inc, 5775 Morehouse Dr, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RI Yu, Edward/A-3515-2017 OI Yu, Edward/0000-0001-9900-7322 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3761 EP 3770 DI 10.1063/1.1501740 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600053 ER PT J AU Albrecht, JD Ruden, PP Reinecke, TL AF Albrecht, JD Ruden, PP Reinecke, TL TI Hole scattering near the valence band edge in wurtzite gallium nitride SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE GAN; PIEZOELECTRIC COEFFICIENTS; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMICONDUCTORS; ALN; TRANSPORT; CRYSTALS; MG; PARAMETERS AB Scattering rates for holes in wurtzite GaN are investigated theoretically taking into account six valence bands including the spin-orbit interaction. Scattering rates for acoustic deformation potential, piezoelectric acoustic phonon, polar optical phonon, and impurity scattering are formulated. Results are given for intra- and interband processes, and their role in understanding transport measurements is discussed. The scattering probabilities are anisotropic owing to incomplete initial and final state overlap, to nonuniform final state density, and angular dispersion of the phonon modes. In addition, the level of detail obtained is sufficient to examine the modifications of the scattering rates with the application of uniaxial stress, and numerical results are presented. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Albrecht, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM albrecht@lanl.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3803 EP 3814 DI 10.1063/1.1503392 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600058 ER PT J AU You, CY Bader, SD AF You, CY Bader, SD TI Enhancement of switching stability of tunneling magnetoresistance systems with artificial ferrimagnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; SPIN-VALVES; JUNCTIONS; MULTILAYERS; CO/RU; DECAY AB In the study of spin dependent magnetic tunneling junctions, the switching stability of the magnetically hard layer is a crucial issue for long-term use in magnetic random access memory. After N switching cycles of the soft layer, the hard layer would be demagnetized due to the stray field from the domain wall created during switching of the soft layer. Therefore, reducing the stray field from the soft layer is the way to increase switching stability. In this study, we propose a structure which replaces the usual soft layer (typically permalloy, Fe, or Co) with an artificial ferrimagnet to reduce the stray field. The artificial ferrimagnet consists of a trilayer with an interlayer that antiferromagnetically couples two ferromagnetic layers of unequal thickness. The total stray field from the artificial ferrimagnet structure can be approximated as the sum of the stray fields from the two ferromagnetic layers. Since the sign of the stray field of the two layers is opposite, due to antiferromagnetic coupling, the total stray field is reduced due to cancellation. Since the magnitude of the stray field depends on the magnetic properties and the thickness of each layer and the distance from the magnetic layer, we can tailor the two magnetic layers of the artificial ferrimagnet structure to minimize the total stray field. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP You, CY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI You, Chun-Yeol/B-1734-2010; Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 OI You, Chun-Yeol/0000-0001-9549-8611; NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3886 EP 3889 DI 10.1063/1.1503861 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600070 ER PT J AU DiAntonio, CB Williams, FA Pilgrim, SM Schulze, WA AF DiAntonio, CB Williams, FA Pilgrim, SM Schulze, WA TI Application of Fourier harmonic analysis to the electromechanical response of an electroactive material SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-PBTIO3-(BA,SR)TIO3 CERAMICS; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-BASED CERAMICS; MATERIAL MODEL; PMN AB Signal decomposition through Fourier analysis can aid quantification of the electromechanical properties (induced strain and polarization) of electroactive materials. Spectral analysis of the strain and polarization, obtained from the Fourier transform, provides a unique characterization tool that better conveys material response than can be accomplished with polynomial fitting. The derived coefficients can be mapped onto those in the Devonshire phenomenology. The technique is demonstrated by analysis of a lead magnesium niobate relaxor ferroelectric [0.9875(0.935PMN-0.065PT)-0.0125BT or 0.9233PMN-0.06419PT-0.0125BT] operating in the electrostrictive regime. Fourier analysis, applied to a materials response, provides the first quantitative linkage to materials coefficients. A generalized mathematical approach has been derived that equates a Fourier series expression, from the transform of a time-domain electromechanical response, to the basic underlying physics developed in Devonshire theory. Thus, the electrostrictive strain and polarization coefficients are calculated directly from the harmonic spectrum of the response. A benefit of the Fourier transform approach is the direct calculation of electrostrictive (and piezoelectric) coefficients with quantitative criterion for truncation and a "goodness of fit" criterion related to the zero frequency component. The real strength of the approach lies in its ability to accommodate electromechanical hysteresis and provide a distinct quantification of a given strain response. This is accomplished while faithfully describing the true harmonic content of the signal. The coefficients provide a descriptive fingerprint for use of the material under varying conditions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Alfred Univ, New York State Coll Ceram, Lab Elect Ceram, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. RP DiAntonio, CB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 3908 EP 3916 DI 10.1063/1.1503394 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600074 ER PT J AU Lopez, R Boatner, LA Haynes, TE Feldman, LC Haglund, RF AF Lopez, R Boatner, LA Haynes, TE Feldman, LC Haglund, RF TI Synthesis and characterization of size-controlled vanadium dioxide nanocrystals in a fused silica matrix SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VO2 THIN-FILMS; PHASE-TRANSITION; ION-IMPLANTATION; SAPPHIRE AB Vanadium dioxide single-crystal precipitates with controlled particle sizes were produced in an amorphous, fused SiO2 host by the stoichiometric coimplantation of vanadium and oxygen ions and subsequent thermal processing. The effects of the vanadium dioxide nanocrystal size, nanocrystal morphology, and particle/host interactions on the VO2 semiconductor-to-metal phase transition were characterized. VO2 nanoparticles embedded in amorphous SiO2 exhibit a sharp phase transition with a hysteresis that is up to 50 degreesC in width-one of the largest values ever reported for this transition. The relative decrease in the optical transmission in the near-infrared region in going from the semiconducting to the metallic phase of VO2 ranges from 20% to 35%. Both the hysteresis width and the transition temperature are correlated with the size of the precipitates. Doping the embedded VO2 particles with ions such as titanium alters the characteristics of the phase transition, pointing the way to control the hysteresis behavior over a wide range of values and providing insight into the operative physical mechanisms. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Lopez, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lopez, Rene/G-3734-2014; Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Lopez, Rene/0000-0001-6274-066X; Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 30 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 10 U2 77 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 4031 EP 4036 DI 10.1063/1.1503391 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600093 ER PT J AU Lee, HK Schulthess, TC Landau, DP Brown, G Pierce, JP Gai, Z Farnan, GA Shen, J AF Lee, HK Schulthess, TC Landau, DP Brown, G Pierce, JP Gai, Z Farnan, GA Shen, J TI Monte Carlo simulations of interacting magnetic nanoparticles (vol 91, pg 6926, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, CSIT, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, HK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Gai, Zheng/B-5327-2012; Brown, Gregory/F-7274-2016 OI Gai, Zheng/0000-0002-6099-4559; Brown, Gregory/0000-0002-7524-8962 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 7 BP 4144 EP 4144 DI 10.1063/1.1505648 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 595BU UT WOS:000178087600114 ER PT J AU Riciputi, LR Elam, JM Anovitz, LM Cole, DR AF Riciputi, LR Elam, JM Anovitz, LM Cole, DR TI Obsidian diffusion dating by secondary ion mass spectrometry: A test using results from Mound-65, Chalco, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE obsidian; glass; hydration; Chalco; Mound 65; depth-profile; ODDSIMS; diffusion ID HYDRATION; GLASSES; WATER AB Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to measure hydrogen and other elemental concentrations as a function of depth in ten obsidian artifacts (Pachuca Source), each with a well-constrained C-14 date, from Mound 65, Chalco, Mexico. Hydrogen depth profiles for the different artifacts all display a characteristic S-shape, and increasing maximum hydrogen content in each profile and profile depths are well correlated with time. These data are used to investigate the potential use of Obsidian Diffusion Dating by SIMS (ODDSIMS) for both extrinsic and intrinsic dating of obsidian artifacts. Using 'characteristic points' on the hydrogen profile (half-fall depth, inflection point depth), simple hydration rate equations were evaluated against time constraints provided by associated C-14 dates. We demonstrate that neither the traditional OHD equation for depth (x) as a function of the square root of time (t(1/2)) nor a linear function (t(1)) fit the data. Solving the more generalized t(n) function provides an excellent fit between characteristic point depths and C-14 dates (for n approximate to0.75), and meets the constraint that at time equal to zero, the depth of the hydration profile must also be zero. however, this may be an average coefficient over the range of ages available, and may not accurately reflect rates at shorter or longer times. Using only two obsidian samples and their associated C-14 dates, a calibration curve can be derived that provides ODDSIMS dates for the other pieces that are in excellent agreement with associated C-14 dates, indicating that empirical application of the technique is potentially feasible, at least at individual sites. The underlying processes governing hydrogen transport into the obsidian were also investigated by using finite difference modelling to reproduce the shape of the hydrogen depth profile. Excellent fits were obtained by assuming concentration-dependent diffusion, and dates that agree well with associated C-14 dates can also be extracted from the finite difference profiles. Although considerable additional work needs to be done, the success of the finite difference modelling suggests that development of an independent, intrinsic ODDSIMS model may be possible. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Riciputi, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1055 EP 1075 DI 10.1006/jasc.2001.0692 PG 21 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 597QE UT WOS:000178231600001 ER PT J AU Steelman, KL Rowe, MW Boutton, TW SOuthon, JR Merrell, CL Hill, RD AF Steelman, KL Rowe, MW Boutton, TW SOuthon, JR Merrell, CL Hill, RD TI Stable isotope and radiocarbon analyses of a black deposit associated with pictographs at Little Lost River Cave, Idahos SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope analysis; plasma CO2 extraction; AMS radiocarbon dating; organic material; pictographs; Shoshone; Fremont; archaic ID RICH ROCK CRUST; CARBON ISOTOPES; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROGEN; N-15; ART; DELTA-N-15; TEXAS; DIET; AGE AB A glossy, black deposit covers much of the ceiling and walls of Little Lost River Cave No 1, Idaho. This site is of particular interest because of the red, orange, and yellow pictographs underlying the coating. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis has allowed us to better understand the nature and origin of the deposit. With a delta C-13 value of -20.1%, delta (15) value of +14%, and a C/N ratio of 5.6 after removal of inorganic carbon from the sample matrix, the deposit appears to have been derived from animal tissue, not plant. Plasma chemical extraction of carbon from the organic material in another sample of the deposit, followed by accelerator mass spectrometric analysis, yielded a minimum uncalibrated radiocarbon age of 2990 +/- 50 BP for the paintings. This preliminary evidence suggests that the deposit may be a cooking residue. C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Archaeographics, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Bur Land Mgt, IDaho Falls Field Off, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Steelman, KL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1189 EP 1198 DI 10.1006/jasc.2001.0791 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 597QE UT WOS:000178231600007 ER PT J AU Reda, I Hickey, JR Stoffel, T Myers, D AF Reda, I Hickey, JR Stoffel, T Myers, D TI Pyrgeometer calibration at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE pyrgeometer; blackbody; calibration; terrestrial; longwave; outdoor AB Pyrgeometcrs are used to measure longwave terrestrial radiation. Regular pyrgeometer calibration against an internationally recognized standard is required in order to measure the longwave radiation consistently at different sites around the globe. At present, there is no internationally recognized standard to calibrate pyrgeometers. A well-characterized blackbody is, however, an accepted approach. This paper describes a method of establishing a precise blackbody reference and using it to calibrate a group of four transfer reference pyrgeometers. The group is then deployed outdoors to evaluate the precision of the blackbody calibration. The results from the outdoor data shows that the percentage mean-square-error of each transfer reference pyrgeometer is 0.12%, 0.07%, 0.46%, and 0.10% with a resultant percentage root-mean-square of 0.43%. The errors are calculated with respect to the average of the irradiance readings of the transfer reference pyrgeometers. To minimize the number of transfer reference pyrgeometers and to allow more space for calibrating test pyrgeometers, a sub-set of the transfer reference pyrgeometers is then used to calibrate a test pyrgeometer outdoors. The calibration of the test pyrgeometer resulted in reducing its error from +4.00% to +/-0.32% with respect to the irradiance measured by the sub-set of the transfer reference pyrgeometers, The outdoor calibration method can minimize the calibration cost resulting from using the lengthy and costly blackbody calibration because many pyrgeometers can be calibrated at the same time. Appendix A shows a diagram that describes the paper's concept. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Reda, I (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 64 IS 15 BP 1623 EP 1629 AR PII S1364-6826(02)00133-5 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00133-5 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 589KC UT WOS:000177756700004 ER PT J AU Koksharova, OA Wolk, CP AF Koksharova, OA Wolk, CP TI A novel gene that bears a DnaJ motif influences cyanobacterial cell division SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP STRAIN PCC-7120; BACTERIAL-CELL; PROTEIN FTSZ; HETEROCYST DEVELOPMENT; NITRATE ASSIMILATION; ANABAENA; SEQUENCE; CLONING; SYNECHOCOCCUS; MUTAGENESIS AB Transposon Tn5-692 mutagenizes Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 efficiently. The predicted product of the gene mutated in the Tn5-692-derived cell division mutant FTN2 has an N-terminal DnaJ domain, as have its cyanobacterial and plant orthologs. Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, when mutated in genes orthologous to ftn2 and ftn6, forms alkinete-like cells. C1 Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Wolk, CP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RI Koksharova, Olga/F-7770-2012 OI Koksharova, Olga/0000-0003-2913-9017 NR 53 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 184 IS 19 BP 5524 EP 5528 DI 10.1128/JB.184.19.5524-5528.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 592ZP UT WOS:000177967000038 PM 12218043 ER PT J AU Gourley, PL Copeland, RG Cox, JD Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Peterson, SL Sasaki, DY AF Gourley, PL Copeland, RG Cox, JD Hendricks, JK McDonald, AE Peterson, SL Sasaki, DY TI Biocompatible semiconductor optoelectronics SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE biotechnology; biocompatibility; semiconductors; optoelectronics; materials science; polymers ID GLIAL-CELL ADHESION; PROTEIN; GLASS AB We investigate optoelectronic properties of integrated structures comprising semiconductor light-emitting materials for optical probes of microscopic biological systems. Compound semiconductors are nearly ideal light emitters for probing cells and other microorganisms because of their spectral match to the transparency wavelengths. of biomolecules. Unfortunately, the chemical composition of these.. materials is incompatible with the biochemistry of cells and related biofluids. To overcome these limitations, we investigate functionalized semiconductor surfaces and structures to simultaneously enhance light emission and the flow of biological fluids in semiconductor microcavities. We have identified several important materials problems associated with the semiconductor/biosystem interface. One is the biofluid degradation of electroluminescence by ionic diffusion into compound semiconductors. Ions that diffuse into the active region of a semiconductor light emitter can create point defects that degrade the quantum efficiency of the radiative recombination process. In this paper we discuss ways of mitigating these problems using materials design and surface chemistry, and suggest future applications for these materials. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept 1140, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gourley, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept 1140, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 7 IS 4 BP 546 EP 554 DI 10.1117/1.1506931 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 611KZ UT WOS:000179017400004 PM 12421120 ER PT J AU Sault, AG Tikare, V AF Sault, AG Tikare, V TI A new Monte Carlo model for supported-catalyst sintering SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE sintering; catalyst sintering; Monte Carlo; supported catalyst ID METAL-CATALYSTS; GRAIN-GROWTH; SIMULATION; COALESCENCE; DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; SURFACES; KINETICS; ISLANDS AB We present a new 2D Monte Carlo model of supported-catalyst sintering that is capable of generating all known catalyst sintering behaviors, including atom emission and recapture (Ostwald ripening), particle migration and coalescence, and vapor-phase transport. This model differs from previously reported phenomenological models in that no mechanism is presupposed; rather sintering is allowed to arise naturally from atomic-scale interactions among metal atoms and the support. The model uses a classical Metropolis algorithm to determine movement of metal atoms on a support. The metal-support system is represented by a two-dimensional rectangular mesh oriented perpendicular to the support surface. The top and bottom rows of the mesh represent the support, so that the total mesh represents a long, narrow pore. The simulations are initialized by placing metal atoms into the mesh to obtain a desired initial state. The Metropolis algorithm randomly selects a metal atom and a neighboring site and, if the neighboring site is empty, moves the metal atom to the neighboring site with a probability proportional to exp(-DeltaE/kT), where DeltaE is the change in energy associated with the move. Energies of the initial and final states are calculated from pairwise interactions between the sites involved and their nearest neighbors. The simulation is run for 10(6)-10(7) Monte Carlo time steps (MCS), where a single MCS corresponds to a number of attempted moves equal to the number of metal atoms in the simulation. Our model bears certain resemblances to previously published Monte Carlo models but introduces several improvements. First, our model properly calculates probabilities of metal atom migration by using the change in energy associated with the move, rather than simply using the energy of the initial state. Second, our model includes sites in the center of the pore and can therefore model gas-phase transport of meta atoms. Earlier models used a two-dimensional mesh oriented parallel to the support surface and, therefore, did not include sites corresponding to the gas phase. Third, our choice of two-dimensional plane allows modeling of contact angles between metal particles and the support. Countering this advantage is our inability to model the shape of the contact surface between the metal particles and the support. Finally, because our two-dimensional model includes gas-phase sites, generalization to three dimensions is conceptually simple, requiring only the extension of the mesh in the third dimension. Extension of the earlier models to three dimensions would require inclusion of new concepts since the gas phase is not present in the two-dimensional plane chosen. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Catalyt & Porous Mat Dept MS 1349, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Modeling Dept 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sault, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Catalyt & Porous Mat Dept MS 1349, MS 0807, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM agsault@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 211 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1006/jcat.2002.3714 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 600EN UT WOS:000178377800003 ER PT J AU Parker, GA Walker, RB Kendrick, BK Pack, RT AF Parker, GA Walker, RB Kendrick, BK Pack, RT TI Accurate quantum calculations on three-body collisions in recombination and collision-induced dissociation. I. Converged probabilities for the H+Ne-2 system SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; REACTIVE SCATTERING; NUMERICAL-METHODS; 6 DIMENSIONS; 3 PARTICLES; S-MATRIX; DYNAMICS; ENERGY; COORDINATE; POTENTIALS AB The exact quantum theory of atomic recombination and collision-induced dissociation (CID) is presented using hyperspherical coordinates. Delves' coordinates are emphasized, methods for doing numerically exact calculations are discussed and implemented, and fully converged dissociation probabilities (J=0) are presented for a model H+Ne-2--> <--H+Ne+Ne system. These are the first accurate CID calculations reported for any atomic system in the full three-dimensional physical space. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T12 MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Parker, GA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RI Parker, Gregory/A-4327-2009 OI Parker, Gregory/0000-0002-0225-8887 NR 54 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 13 BP 6083 EP 6102 DI 10.1063/1.1503313 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 593BV UT WOS:000177972400017 ER PT J AU Peterson, KA Francisco, JS AF Peterson, KA Francisco, JS TI Should bromoform absorb at wavelengths longer than 300 nm? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; FULL CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; ATMOSPHERIC BROMINE; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; RATE CONSTANTS; OZONE; ATOMS AB A theoretical study of the low-lying singlet and triplet electronic states of CHBr3 is presented. Calculations of excitation energies and oscillator strengths are presented using excited state coupled cluster response methods, as well as the complete active space self-consistent field method with the full Breit-Pauli spin-orbit operator. These calculations predict that for CHBr3 there is only one singlet state, the (A) over tilde (1)A(2), that is accessible by wavelengths longer than 234 nm. It is, however, predicted to be very weakly absorbing, but may strongly overlap at shorter wavelengths with a higher (B) over tilde E-1 state, which itself is predicted to be strongly absorbing. There is one triplet state, the (a) over tilde (3)A(2), that lies well below the (a) over tilde (1)A(2) state and has a predicted absorption maximum at about 270 nm. The band origin of the a(3)A(2) is predicted to lie around 297 nm, but this C-3v symmetry minimum is calculated to be a second-order transition state, ultimately leading to dissociation to HCBr2+Br. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Peterson, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 13 BP 6103 EP 6107 DI 10.1063/1.1502639 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 593BV UT WOS:000177972400018 ER PT J AU Link, DD Baltrus, JP Rothenberger, KS AF Link, DD Baltrus, JP Rothenberger, KS TI Rapid determination of total sulfur in fuels using gas chromatography with atomic emission detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PETROLEUM-PRODUCTS; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; QUANTIFICATION; HETEROCYCLES; GASOLINE C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Parsons Project Serv Inc, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Link, DD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 40 IS 9 BP 500 EP 504 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 609QR UT WOS:000178909500005 PM 12433111 ER PT J AU Wang, YF Bryan, C Xu, HF Pohl, P Yang, Y Brinker, CJ AF Wang, YF Bryan, C Xu, HF Pohl, P Yang, Y Brinker, CJ TI Interface chemistry of nanostructured materials: Ion adsorption on mesoporous alumina SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanostructured materials; mesoporous alumina; electric double layer; ion sorption; density functional theory ID CHARGE REGULATION; SOLVATION FORCES; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SURFACE; MONOLAYERS; SEPARATION; PARTICLES; SORBENTS; SUPPORTS AB This paper presents a part of our work on understanding the effect of nanoscale pore space confinement on ion sorption by mesoporous materials. Acid-base titration experiments were performed on both mesoporous alumina and alumina particles under various ionic strengths. The point of zero charge (PZC) for mesoporous alumina was measured to be similar to9.1, similar to that for nonmesoporous alumina materials, indicating that nanoscale pore space confinement does not have a significant effect on the PZC of pore surfaces. However, for a given pH deviation from the PZC, (pH - PZC), the surface charge per mass on mesoporous alumina was as much as 45 times higher than that on alumina particles. This difference cannot be fully explained by the surface area difference between the two materials. Our titration data have demonstrated that nanoscale confinement has a significant effect, most likely via the overlap of the electric double layer (EDL), on ion sorption onto mesopore surfaces. This effect cannot be adequately modeled by existing surface complexation models, which were developed mostly for an unconfined solid-water interface. Our titration data have also indicated that the rate of ion uptake by mesoporous alumina is relatively slow, probably due to diffusion into mesopores, and complete equilibration for sorption could take 4-5 min. A molecular simulation using a density functional theory was performed to calculate ion adsorption coefficients as a function of pore size. The calculation has shown that as pore size is reduced to nanoscales (< 10 nm), the adsorption coefficients of ions can vary by more than two orders of magnitude relative to those for unconfined interfaces. The prediction is supported by our experimental data on Zn sorption onto mesoporous alumina. Owing to their unique surface chemistry, mesoporous materials can potentially be used as effective ion adsorbents for separation processes and environmental cleanup. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Wang, YF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. EM ywang@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 254 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1006/jcis.2002.8571 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 602PV UT WOS:000178514400004 PM 12702421 ER PT J AU Brooks, SC Carroll, SL AF Brooks, SC Carroll, SL TI pH-dependent fate and transport of NTA-complexed cobalt through undisturbed cores of fractured shale saprolite SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE solute transport; geochemistry; chelation; oxidation; ligands; kinetics ID 2 CONTRASTING WATERSHEDS; DIFFUSIVE MASS-TRANSFER; METAL HYDROUS OXIDES; CHELATOBACTER-HEINTZII; CHELATING-AGENTS; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; NITRILOTRIACETATE NTA; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; EDTA COMPLEXES; POROUS-MEDIA AB The codisposal of toxic metals and radionuclides with organic chelating agents has been implicated in the facilitated transport of the inorganic contaminants away from primary waste disposal areas. We investigated the transport of Co(II)NTA through undisturbed cores of fractured shale saprolite. Experiments were conducted across the pH range 4 to 8 by collecting cores from different locations within the weathering profile. Aqueous complexation, adsorption, dissociation and oxidation reactions influenced Co(II)NTA transport. The suite of reaction products identified in column effluent varied with experimental pH. At low pH and in the presence of abundant exchangeable aluminum, Co transport occurred predominantly as the Co2+ ion. At higher pH, Co was transported primarily as Co(II)NTA and the Co(III) species Co-II(HNTA)(2) and Co-II(IDA)(2). The formation of the geochemical oxidation products (Co(III) species) has far reaching implications as these compounds are kinetically and thermodynamically stable, are transported more rapidly than Co(II)NTA, and are resistant to biodegradation. These results demonstrate that natural minerals, in the physical structure encountered naturally, can be more important in the formation of mobile, stable contaminant forms than they can be for the retardation and dissociation of the contaminants. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brooks, SC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012 OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788 NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 207 AR PII S0169-7722(02)00036-0 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00036-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 597YW UT WOS:000178249200002 PM 12400832 ER PT J AU Hussain, Z Johnson, PD Kevan, SD Sinkovic, B AF Hussain, Z Johnson, PD Kevan, SD Sinkovic, B TI Special issue: Electron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation: Past, present and future - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hussain, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 2 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00185-8 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00185-8 PG 2 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 623NJ UT WOS:000179709500001 ER PT J AU Nilsson, A AF Nilsson, A TI Applications of core level spectroscopy to adsorbates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Review DE core level spectroscopy; adsorbates; chemical state; local geometric structure; chemical bonding; electron transfer process ID X-RAY-EMISSION; BINDING-ENERGY SHIFTS; SURFACE CHEMICAL-BOND; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; PHYSISORBED MOLECULES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; RESONANT RAMAN; AB-INITIO AB In the following review different applications of core-level spectroscopy to atomic and molecular adsorbates will be shown. Core-holes are created through core-level ionization and X-ray absorption processes and the core-hole decays by radiant and non-radiant processes. This forms the basis for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray emission spectroscopy. We will demonstrate how we can use the different methods to obtain information about the chemical state, local geometric structure, nature of chemical bonding and dynamics in electron transfer processes. The adsorption of N-2 and CO on Ni(100) will be used as prototype systems for chemisorption while N-2 on graphite and Ar on Pt for physisorption. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stockholm Univ, SCFAB, FYSIKUM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Nilsson, A (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM nilsson@slac.stanford.edu RI Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696 NR 86 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 42 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00141-X DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00141-X PG 40 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 623NJ UT WOS:000179709500002 ER PT J AU Rehr, JJ Schattke, W de Abajo, FJG Muino, RD Van Hove, MA AF Rehr, JJ Schattke, W de Abajo, FJG Muino, RD Van Hove, MA TI Development of the scattering theory of X-ray absorption and core level photoemission SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; EXAFS; XANES; photoelectron diffraction; core-level photoemission ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; K-SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; FINE-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METALS; MOLECULES; SPACE AB Over the past two decades dramatic progress has been made in the development of the theory of X-ray and electron spectroscopies, e.g., X-ray absorption spectra (XAS), core-level X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD), etc. A revolutionary advance was the development of efficient and accurate treatments of high-order, curved-wave electron multiple-scattering for high electron energies above a few hundred eV. These advances were applied first in the theory of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and subsequently in X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD). They also led to efficient ab initio codes which permit a quantitative interpretation of the spectra. Extensions have made it possible to treat magnetic effects, e.g., X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and its analog in XPD. Important progress has recently been made in understanding near-edge spectra, e.g.- X-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES), which often require a full-multiple-scattering treatment. Although such calculations had been highly demanding computationally, fast new approaches based on efficient Lanczos approaches and parallel processing have been developed to overcome this limitation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. UPV, CSIC, EHU, Ctr Mixto, ES-20080 San Sebastian, Spain. DIPC, ES-20018 San Sebastian, Spain. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Van Hove, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; Diez Muino, Ricardo/C-9203-2009; Garcia de Abajo, Javier/A-6095-2009; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; Diez Muino, Ricardo/0000-0001-8593-0327; Garcia de Abajo, Javier/0000-0002-4970-4565; NR 61 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 67 EP 76 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00204-9 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00204-9 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 623NJ UT WOS:000179709500005 ER PT J AU Bostedt, C van Buuren, T Willey, TM Franco, N Moller, T Terminello, L AF Bostedt, C van Buuren, T Willey, TM Franco, N Moller, T Terminello, L TI Photoemission spectroscopy of germanium nanocrystal films SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE germanium; nanocrystal; nanoparticle; cluster; photoemission; Ge 3D; plasmon; valence band; surface; structural disorder ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; CORE-LEVEL SHIFTS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GE(100)-(2X1) SURFACE; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GE; SI; SPECTRA; CRYSTALLINE; ENERGY AB Photoemission spectroscopy measurements have been performed on films of individual germanium nanocrystals. The Ge 3d core-level photoemission reveals mainly bulk-like coordinated atoms and structural disorder on the nanocrystal surface. The Ge 3d plasmon excitation exhibits a reduced bulk- and an increased surface-plasmon contribution underlining the importance of the surface region to the overall particle electronic structure. In the Ge nanocrystal valence-band photoemission features similar to amorphous-Ge are found, further indicating structural disorder in the surface region of the nanocrystals. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Hamburger Synchrontronstschlungslab HASYLAB, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. RP Bostedt, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011 OI Willey, Trevor/0000-0002-9667-8830 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 117 EP 124 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00146-9 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00146-9 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 623NJ UT WOS:000179709500009 ER PT J AU Rotenberg, E Kevan, SD AF Rotenberg, E Kevan, SD TI Electron-phonon coupling in W(110)-(1 x 1)H SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE W(110); electron-phonon coupling; Kohn anomaly ID CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; BE(0001) SURFACE; HYDROGEN; INSTABILITY; MO(110); ENERGY; PHASE; RECONSTRUCTION AB Recently, we reported high resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements that indicated unusually strong coupling between adsorbate vibrations and a surface-localized electron state in the system W(110)-(1 X 1)H. We have now extended these measurements to probe the electron-phonon coupling strength as a function of position on the relevant Fermi contour. We find that the strength of the coupling is strongly dependent on Fermi wave vector, with the electron-phonon coupling constant A varying between zero and similar to0.8. Qualitatively, the strength of the coupling is related to the position of the surface band in the projected bulk band gap, and therefore to the degree of surface localization of the surface state wave function. Such effects should play an important role in all adsorbate vibronic interactions, since the vibrational modes are generally highly localized to the outermost surface layer. We discuss these results in relation to the surface phonon anomalies observed on this surface. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Rotenberg, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Kevan, Stephen/F-6415-2010 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Kevan, Stephen/0000-0002-4621-9142 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 125 EP 132 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00147-0 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00147-0 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 623NJ UT WOS:000179709500010 ER PT J AU Johnson, PD AF Johnson, PD TI Photemission and the influence of collective excitations SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE photoemission; collective excitations; superconductivity; self energy ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; QUASI-PARTICLE LIFETIMES; CUPRATE BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; T-C; SURFACE; DISPERSION; GD(0001); ENERGY; STATE AB The development of new capabilities in high resolution photoemission is allowing detailed studies of the role of collective many-body excitations in the decay of a photohole. This in turn provides new insights into the physics of condensed matter systems, in particular the strongly-correlated systems, which exhibit a rich variety of exotic phenomena including high Tc superconductivity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Johnson, PD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00148-2 PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 623NJ UT WOS:000179709500011 ER PT J AU Zhou, XJ Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Zhou, XJ Hussain, Z Shen, ZX TI High resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of high temperature superconductors: charge-ordering, bilayer splitting and electron-phonon coupling SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Review DE angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES); superconductors; Bi2212 ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; FERMI-SURFACE; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; DOMAIN-WALLS; NORMAL-STATE; DOPED ANTIFERROMAGNETS; OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; STRIPED PHASE; UNDERDOPED LA2-XSR(X)CUO4 AB The latest development of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) technique has seen extremely high energy resolution and momentum resolution, as well as multiple angle detection. These advancements have led to new findings through efficient Fermi surface mapping, fine electronic structure resolving, and direct determination of electron self-energy. In this paper, we will highlight some recent high resolution ARPES work on high temperature superconductors. These include: (1) charge-ordering and evolution of electronic structure with doping; (2) bilayer splitting and Fermi surface topology of Bi2212; and (3) strong electron-phonon coupling and electron-electron interaction in high temperature superconductors. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM xjzhou@lbl.gov NR 116 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 162 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00149-4 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00149-4 PG 18 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 623NJ UT WOS:000179709500012 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Thevuthasan, S Shutthananadan, V Perkins, CL McCready, DE Herman, GS Gao, Y Tran, TT Chambers, SA Peden, CHF AF Kim, YJ Thevuthasan, S Shutthananadan, V Perkins, CL McCready, DE Herman, GS Gao, Y Tran, TT Chambers, SA Peden, CHF TI Growth and structure of epitaxial Ce1-xZrxO2 thin films on yttria-stabilized zirconia (111) SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE ceria; ceria-zirconia; thin films; oxygen storage; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron diffraction; ion channeling ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; OXYGEN-STORAGE PROPERTIES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; CERIUM DIOXIDE; CEO2 SURFACES; CO OXIDATION; DIFFRACTION; CATALYSTS; REDUCTION; XPS AB We describe here studies aimed at the identification of optimum parameters for the epitaxial growth of the mixed-oxide films, Ce1-xZrxO2 with x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3, by oxygen-plasma-assisted MBE on single crystal Y-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) substrates. The resulting films were characterized by RHEED, LEED, XPS/XPD, XRD, and RBS/C in order to determine their bulk and surface structures and compositions. Pure-phase, epitaxial Ce1-x,ZrxO2 films readily grew on YSZ(111) without showing any contamination of yttria from the substrate. The resulting epitaxial film surfaces are unreconstructed and exhibit the structure of bulk CeO2(111). XPS data indicate that both Ce and Zr cations are formally in the +4 oxidation state for all films prepared here. Small differences in the photoemission results for Zr-doped ceria films as compared to those obtained for pure ZrO2 may be explained by changes in electronic structure when Zr is added to ceria that, in turn, results from longer Zr-O bond distances in the mixed oxides. The minimum yields obtained from the random and channeling spectra of these films also provide evidence that high quality single crystal CeO2 and Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 materials were grown. For the Zr-doped films, Zr atoms are shown to occupy the lattice sites of Ce in the bulk structure of CeO2(111). Indeed, based on minimum yield values, the fraction of Zr substitution for Ce cations in the film was estimated to be 88%. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Hanbat Natl Univ, Dept Chem Technol, Taejon, South Korea. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 61 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 190 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00151-2 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00151-2 PG 14 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 623NJ UT WOS:000179709500014 ER PT J AU Siegmann, K Sattler, K Siegmann, HC AF Siegmann, K Sattler, K Siegmann, HC TI Clustering at high temperatures: carbon formation in combustion SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE soot; flame; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; photoionization; aerosol ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSION FLAMES; SOOT; PARTICLES; PAH AB The formation of carbonaceous particles in laminar, atmospheric pressure diffusion flames is investigated using laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and on-line analysis of nascent-particle properties while the particles are still in gas suspension at atmospheric pressure. This latter analysis includes photoelectric yield spectroscopy of the particle surface. Combustion gases from the, e.g. argon-diluted methane (CH,) flame are extracted and diluted with an inert gas prior to analysis. The molecules are ionized by two-photon photoemission inside a time-of-flight mass-spectrometer which makes it possible to observe polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at molecular masses up to similar to600 amu. The mobility diameter of the carbonaceous particles was determined in the range from 2 to 20 nm. Formation and destruction of particles and their concomitant density and surface transformations are studied together with the PAIR molecules as they depend on the height in the flame. It is found that particles are formed before large PAHs appear. As opposed to previous models where the flat PAHs were generated in homogeneous gas phase reactions, we conclude that,PAHs are synthesized on the particles using their surface as templates and evaporate into the gas-phase when synthesis is completed. We present a comprehensive, new mechanism for particle formation in diffusion flames. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Delft Univ Technol, NL-2628 BL Delft, Netherlands. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Siegmann, K (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Julianalaan 136, NL-2628 BL Delft, Netherlands. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 191 EP 202 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00152-4 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00152-4 PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 623NJ UT WOS:000179709500015 ER PT J AU Minor, AM Lilleodden, ET Stach, EA Morris, JW AF Minor, AM Lilleodden, ET Stach, EA Morris, JW TI In-situ transmission electron microscopy study of the nanoindentation behavior of Al SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Materials and Processes for Submicron Technologies CY FEB 17-21, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP TMS Electr, Magnet & Photon Mat Div, Tnin Films & Interfaces Comm DE nanoindentation; in-situ TEM; Al; thin films; grain size ID HARDNESS AB Nanoindentation is a useful technique for investigating fundamental, mechanisms associated with small-volume deformation, processes that are often obscured on coarser scales. Recently, a novel experimental technique of in-situ nanoindentation for the transmission electron microscope (TEM), which provides real-time observations of the mechanisms associated with localized deformation, has been developed. Calibration of the force-displacement-voltage relation and load-frame compliance associated with this instrument allows quantitative force-displacement measurements to be obtained in the manner of traditional indentation experiments. Here, we describe the experimental technique along with methods for quantifying the load-displacement response. Additionally, results from experiments into Al thin films are presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Minor, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 23 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 31 IS 10 BP 958 EP 964 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0028-4 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 608MQ UT WOS:000178850400002 ER PT J AU Sopori, B AF Sopori, B TI Silicon solar-cell processing for minimizing the influence of impurities and defects SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Materials and Processes for Submicron Technologies CY FEB 17-21, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP TMS Electr, Magnet & Photon Mat Div, Tnin Films & Interfaces Comm DE silicon; defects; solar cells; impurities AB Commercial Si solar cells are fabricated on low-cost wafers that contain high concentrations of impurities and defects. To achieve high device efficiency, cell-fabrication processing must include steps that can remove as-grown impurities and defects as much as possible and passivate the remaining. However, to maintain the cost effectiveness, these processes must be included as a part of a typical cell-fabrication sequence without increasing the number of process steps. This paper discusses various solar-cell processing approaches for minimizing deleterious effects of impurities and defects to yield high efficiency. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 31 IS 10 BP 972 EP 980 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0030-x PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 608MQ UT WOS:000178850400004 ER PT J AU Gasnault, O Feldman, WC d'Uston, C Lawrence, DJ Maurice, S Chevrel, SD Pinet, PC Elphic, RC Genetay, I Moore, KR AF Gasnault, O Feldman, WC d'Uston, C Lawrence, DJ Maurice, S Chevrel, SD Pinet, PC Elphic, RC Genetay, I Moore, KR TI Statistical analysis of thorium and fast neutron data at the lunar surface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE thorium; neutron; fast; Procellarum KREEP Terrane; covariance analysis; chemical ring ID MOON; ORIGIN AB A comparison is conducted between the remotely sensed abundances of thorium (through gamma-ray spectroscopy) and major chemical elements (through fast neutron spectroscopy) on the lunar surface. These are key elements in the investigation of lunar evolution. Correlations of variations of thorium abundance and fast neutron flux are analyzed on a spatial scale of 180 km through the construction of a covariance map. This technique is an unbiased mathematical method for developing the borders of major formations such as the Procellarum KREEP Terrane. Although thorium variations are positively correlated with those of the fast neutron flux over most of the lunar nearside, several locations within the Procellarum KREEP Terrane have negative correlations. This anticorrelation may denote an emplacement for these materials by transport of impact ejecta. Furthermore, analysis of these data reveals the presence of a distinctive structure in the northwest corner of Oceanus Procellarum marked by a ring of enhanced thorium. This structure may be related to an ancient impact basin. The confirmation of such a ring of thorium around the major basins inside Procellarum KREEP Terrane would reinforce the hypothesis of the redistribution of thorium during impact from shallow depth. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Astrophys Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. RP Gasnault, O (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-1,POB 1663,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gasnault, Olivier/F-4327-2010; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Gasnault, Olivier/0000-0002-6979-9012; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS E10 AR 5072 DI 10.1029/2000JE001461 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 639MW UT WOS:000180634100002 ER PT J AU Reese, CC Solomatov, VS Baumgardner, JR AF Reese, CC Solomatov, VS Baumgardner, JR TI Survival of impact-induced thermal anomalies in the Martian mantle SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review DE Martian mantle convection; Martian thermal evolution; impact heating; origin of Tharsis; Martian geoid ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY; STAGNANT LID CONVECTION; MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; CORE FORMATION; PLATE-TECTONICS; MELT PRODUCTION; GIANT IMPACTS; MAGMA OCEAN; EARTH AB A number of geophysical arguments point out the possibility that global mantle convection could have been extremely sluggish or even absent during a large part of Martian history. This implies that early mantle thermal anomalies produced during planetary formation might not have been quickly erased by vigorous convection. One likely mechanism of early thermal inhomogeneity is large impacts at the end of heavy bombardment. We suggest that Tharsis province might be related to such an impact-induced thermal anomaly rather than a convective plume. The shape of the present-day geoid for our preferred model is in good agreement with the geoid measured by Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM creese@nmsu.edu; slava@nmsu.edu; johnrb@lanl.gov NR 114 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS E10 AR 5082 DI 10.1029/2000JE001474 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 639MW UT WOS:000180634100012 ER PT J AU Aprea, CM Hildebrand, S Fehler, M Steck, L Baldridge, WS Roberts, P Thurber, CH Lutter, WJ AF Aprea, CM Hildebrand, S Fehler, M Steck, L Baldridge, WS Roberts, P Thurber, CH Lutter, WJ TI Three-dimensional Kirchhoff migration: Imaging of the Jemez volcanic field using teleseismic data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE seismic velocity structure; Kirchhoff migration; Earth crust; volcanology; Valles Caldera; New Mexico ID RIO-GRANDE RIFT; NEW-MEXICO; VALLES-CALDERA; STRUCTURE BENEATH; TOMOGRAPHY EXPERIMENT; MANTLE; CRUST; DISCONTINUITY; INVERSION; ARRAY AB [1] We computed a reflectivity image for the Earth beneath the Jemez volcanic field, New Mexico, using a novel adaptation of petroleum exploration seismic imaging. This image was obtained by applying the Kirchhoff wave field imaging method to digitally recorded teleseismic data. The volume imaged has a lateral extent of 30 km, extends to 45 km depth, and lies beneath the Valles caldera, to the west of Los Alamos, New Mexico. The derived picture of the Earth is a three-dimensional (3-D) map of the locations of impedance changes within the crust and upper mantle below the Jemez volcanic field, with a spatial resolution on the order of a kilometer. Significant features seen in the image include the base of the caldera fill; several reflectors in the crust we interpret to be associated with intrusions coming from the mantle and/or other crystallized chambers such as a low-velocity zone seen in the tomographic image; two strong reflectors coincident with the crust-mantle interface, and a zone of layered reflections at the base of the crust which may be basaltic underplating. This method proved to be a powerful tool for imaging the Earth's crust and mantle when combined with other methods, such as tomography. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Aprea, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-11,D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM aprea@lanl.gov; fehler@lanl.gov; lsteck@lanl.gov; sbaldridge@lanl.gov; proberts@lanl.gov; thurber@geology.wisc.edu; wlutter@geology.wisc.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS B10 AR 2247 DI 10.1029/2000JB000097 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 637RC UT WOS:000180525500041 ER PT J AU Gosling, JT Skoug, RM AF Gosling, JT Skoug, RM TI On the origin of radial magnetic fields in the heliosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE heliosphere; radial magnetic fields ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SPEED SOLAR-WIND; HELIOGRAPHIC LATITUDES; ULYSSES; FLUX; DISTURBANCES; RECONNECTION; MINIMUM; REGIONS; EVENTS AB [1] Numerous examples of events wherein the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) measured at a fixed point in space remains nearly radial for many hours have been reported in the literature. Such events are observed both in the normal solar wind and within disturbances driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). A very large fraction of these extended, nearly radial HMF intervals, whose average duration increases with increasing distance from the Sun, occur at times when the solar wind flow speed is declining gradually. Typically, when mapped back to the Sun using a constant speed-with-distance approximation, all portions of a given radial field event appear to have left the Sun at approximately the same time. Here we propose that these nearly radial HMF events result from temporally abrupt and semipermanent decreases in solar wind flow speed on these same field lines close to the Sun. The abrupt flow speed changes may be the result of an interchange reconnection of field lines that extend into the heliosphere with closed coronal loops. In our kinematic model a radially directed kink in the magnetic field connects the different spirals associated with the faster and slower flows immediately preceding and following the temporal flow speed discontinuity. With increasing heliocentric distance the length of the kink grows while the temporal flow speed discontinuity that produces it evolves into a gradual spatial flow speed decline. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gosling, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS1, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jgosling@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS A10 AR 1327 DI 10.1029/2002JA009434 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634RF UT WOS:000180353900062 ER PT J AU Thomsen, MF Korth, H Elphic, RC AF Thomsen, MF Korth, H Elphic, RC TI Upper cutoff energy of the electron plasma sheet as a measure of magnetospheric convection strength SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE convection; plasma sheet; cutoff energy ID GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; LARGE-SCALE; FIELDS; BOUNDARIES; SPACECRAFT; PARTICLES; ANALYZER; CRRES; EDGE AB [1] The sharp upper edge of the nightside electron plasma sheet energy distribution observed at geosynchronous orbit is shown to provide a measure of the effective strength of the convection electric field that transports plasma sheet material into the inner magnetosphere. This association is statistically supported by the Kp and LT dependence of the observed median cutoff energies and yields inferred field strengths consistent with previous electric field measurements in this region. The temporal profile of convection typically consists of a sequence of bursts, where each convection enhancement lasts no more than a fraction of an hour. Simultaneous multipoint measurements show that these convection enhancements are observed first near midnight and then propagate sunward with speeds of similar to5-30 km/s. They also reveal that the plasma sheet does not penetrate as deeply into the premidnight region as would be expected for a Volland-Stern electric field with a shielding parameter of gamma = 2. Routine measurements of the plasma sheet electron cutoff energy by multiple geosynchronous satellites could provide a near-real-time monitor of the effective strength of the global convection electric field. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thomsen, MF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 107 IS A10 AR 1331 DI 10.1029/2001JA000148 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634RF UT WOS:000180353900066 ER PT J AU Barenboim, G Borissov, L Lykken, J Smirnov, AY AF Barenboim, G Borissov, L Lykken, J Smirnov, AY TI Neutrinos as the messengers of CPT violation SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE discrete and finite symmetries; neutrino physics ID UNIVERSE AB CPT violation has the potential to explain all three existing neutrino anomalies without enlarging the neutrino sector. CPT violation in the Dirac mass terms of the three neutrino flavors preserves on-shell Lorentz invariance, but generates independent masses for neutrinos and antineutrinos. This specific signature is strongly motivated by braneworld scenarios with extra dimensions, where neutrinos are the natural messengers for Standard Model physics of CPT violation in the bulk. A simple model of maximal CPT violation is sufficient to explain the existing neutrino data quite neatly, while making dramatic predictions for the KamLAND and MiniBooNE experiments. We obtain a promising and economical new mechanism for electroweak baryogenesis. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM gabriela@fnal.gov; liubo@phys.columbia.edu; lykken@theory.uchicago.edu; smirnov@ictp.trieste.it NR 20 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 IS 10 AR 001 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 638CQ UT WOS:000180552900001 ER PT J AU Harlander, RV Kilgore, WB AF Harlander, RV Kilgore, WB TI Production of a pseudo-scalar Higgs boson at hadron colliders at next-to-next-to-leading order SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Higgs physics; QCD; NLO computations; hadronic colliders ID INELASTIC STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; QCD; MOMENTS; RENORMALIZATION; LOOPS AB The production cross section for pseudo-scalar Higgs bosons at hadron colliders is computed at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. The pseudo-scalar Higgs is assumed to couple only to top quarks. The NNLO effects are evaluated using an effective lagrangian where the top quarks are integrated out. The NNLO corrections are similar in size to those found for scalar Higgs boson production. C1 CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM robert.harlander@cern.ch; kilgore@bnl.gov NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 IS 10 AR 017 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 638CQ UT WOS:000180552900017 ER PT J AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, TG TI Unique identification of graviton exchange effects in e(+)e(-) collisions SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extra large dimensions; field theories in higher dimensions ID EXTRA DIMENSIONS; HIERARCHY; COLLIDERS; SIGNALS; PHENOMENOLOGY; LEPTOQUARKS; MILLIMETER; W(+)W(-); LIMITS; QUARK AB Many types of new physics can lead to contact interact ion-like modifications in e(+)e(-) processes below direct production threshold. We examine the possibility of uniquely identifying the effects of graviton exchange, which are anticipated in many extra dimensional theories, from amongst this large set of models by using the moments of the angular distribution of the final state particles. In the case of the e(+)e(-) --> f (f) over bar process we demonstrate that this technique allows for the unique identification of the graviton exchange signature at the 5sigma level for mass scales as high as 6roots. The extension of this method to the e(+)e(-) --> W+W- process is also discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM rizzo@SLAC.Stanford.EDU NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 IS 10 AR 013 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 638CQ UT WOS:000180552900013 ER PT J AU Lawes, G Nazaretski, E Brusov, PN Mulders, N Parpia, JM AF Lawes, G Nazaretski, E Brusov, PN Mulders, N Parpia, JM TI Distribution of He-3-He-4 mixtures in a bi-porous system SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINTERED-SILVER; HELIUM MIXTURES; PHASE-SEPARATION; HEAT-EXCHANGERS; AEROGEL; HE-3; PRESSURE; MODEL AB We have investigated the distribution of He-3-He-4 mixtures in a system comprised of two porous materials: aerogel and silver sinter. The particle number density, and thus the He-3-He-4 concentration, was measured directly in the aerogel sample. We discuss both the observed history dependence for the low temperature equilibrium He-4 fraction in aerogel and the temperature evolution of the He-4 fraction. C1 Cornell Univ, LASSP, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Lawes, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 129 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 63 AR UNSP 0022-2291/02/1000-0049/0 DI 10.1023/A:1020116218281 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 589YH UT WOS:000177788800004 ER PT J AU Suzuki, H Gignoux, D Schmitt, D Shigeoka, T Canfield, PC Detlefs, C AF Suzuki, H Gignoux, D Schmitt, D Shigeoka, T Canfield, PC Detlefs, C TI Angular dependence of the metamagnetic process in the frustrated tetragonal compound ErRu2Ge2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE rare earth compound; frustration; metamagnetic processes; anisotropy; canted structure AB Angular dependences of the magnetization components parallel and perpendicular to the applied field were measured at 1.65 K on a single crystal during the metamagnetic process of the frustrated tetragonal compound ErRu2Ge2. An additional transition appears when the field is applied out of a symmetry direction of the basal plane. Starting from the complex zero field canted planar magnetic structures, the different phases induced by the field have then been clarified and the metamagnetic process has been quantitatively analyzed using a phenomenological model in which the demagnetizing field has been considered. The angular dependences of the transition fields were quite satisfactorily accounted for. Finally, the huge second-order anisotropy constant K-1 and the large anisotropy constant K-3 in the basal plane have been quantitatively determined. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lab Magnetisme Louis Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Yamaguchi Univ, Fac Sci, Yamaguchi 753, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ESRF, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Gignoux, D (reprint author), Lab Magnetisme Louis Neel, 25 Ave Martyrs,BP 166 X, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RI Detlefs, Carsten/B-6244-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Detlefs, Carsten/0000-0003-2573-2286; NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 251 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 AR PII S0304-8853(02)00287-1 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00287-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 613HT UT WOS:000179127400003 ER PT J AU Cantoni, C Christen, DK Heatherly, L Kowalewski, MM List, FA Goyal, A Ownby, GW Zehner, DM Kang, BW Kroeger, DM AF Cantoni, C Christen, DK Heatherly, L Kowalewski, MM List, FA Goyal, A Ownby, GW Zehner, DM Kang, BW Kroeger, DM TI Quantification and control of the sulfur c(2 x 2) superstructure on {100}(100) Ni for optimization of YSZ, CeO2, and SrTiO3 seed layer texture SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BUFFER LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; EVAPORATION; ADSORPTION; NICKEL AB We investigated the influence of a chemisorbed S template with c(2 x 2) structure on the epitaxial growth of different oxide buffer layers on (100)(100) Ni. The sulfur superstructure spontaneously forms on the Ni surface during the texturing anneal as a consequence of segregation. However, depending on the initial S bulk concentration and/or specific annealing conditions, the S layer can cover less than the entire substrate's surface. We show that an incomplete c(2 x 2) coverage causes degradation of the seed buffer layer texture as compared to the substrate texture. A simple step consisting of an H2S predeposition anneal can be used to control the superstructure coverage and optimize the seed layer texture. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cantoni, C (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Superconduct Ctr, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, Kyungbuk, South Korea. RI Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2549 EP 2554 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0370 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 599TN UT WOS:000178351400011 ER PT J AU Jia, QX Foltyn, SR Coulter, JY Smith, JF Maley, MP AF Jia, QX Foltyn, SR Coulter, JY Smith, JF Maley, MP TI Characterization of superconducting SmBa2Cu3O7 films grown by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THICK-FILMS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; TEMPERATURE; EPITAXY; CONDUCTORS; TAPES AB We have investigated epitaxial superconducting SmBa2Cu3O7 (Sm123) films grown by pulsed-laser deposition on single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates. The deposition temperature plays an important role in determining the superconducting, properties of Sm123 films. The superconducting transition temperature increases with the deposition temperature whereas the transition width decreases at deposition temperatures in the range of 700-875 degreesC. A Sm123 film deposited at 850 degreesC exhibits a transition temperature above 93 K With a transition width less than 0.5 K. Even though Sm123 films exhibit a higher transition temperature than YBa2Cu3O7 (Y123), the Sm123 shows lower critical current density at liquid-nitrogen temperature. The nominal critical current density of Sm123 film is less than I MA/cm(2) at 75.4 K. Nevertheless, the Sm123 films have less anisotropy and stronger pinning characteristics compared to Y123. They are also much smoother with fewer particulates, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jia, QX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Mail Stop K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2599 EP 2603 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0376 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 599TN UT WOS:000178351400017 ER PT J AU Meng, WJ Zhang, XD Shi, B Tittsworth, RC Rehn, LE Baldo, PM AF Meng, WJ Zhang, XD Shi, B Tittsworth, RC Rehn, LE Baldo, PM TI Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Si-N coatings SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NANOCOMPOSITES; HYDROCARBON; HARDNESS AB A series of Ti-Si-N coatings with 0 < Si < 20 at.% were synthesized by inductively coupled plasma assisted vapor deposition. Coating composition, structure, atomic short-range order, and mechanical response were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, and instrumented nanoindentation. These experiments show that the present series of Ti-Si-N coatings consists of a mixture of nanocrystalline titanium nitride (TiN) and amorphous silicon,nitride (a-Si:N); i.e., they are TiN/a-Si:N ceramic/ceramic nanocomposites. The hardness of the present series of coatings was found to be less than 32 GPa and to vary smoothly with the Si composition. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microscostruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Meng, WJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2628 EP 2632 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0381 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 599TN UT WOS:000178351400022 ER PT J AU Pharr, GM Bolshakov, A AF Pharr, GM Bolshakov, A TI Understanding nanoindentation unloading curves SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SENSING INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; CONTACT AREA; LOAD; HARDNESS; STRESS AB Experiments have shown that nanoindentation unloading curves obtained with Berkovich triangular pyramidal indenters are usually well-described by the power-law relation P = alpha(h - h(f))(m), where h(f) is the final depth after complete unloading and alpha and m are material constants. However, the power-law exponent is not fixed at an integral value, as would be the case for elastic contact by a conical indenter (m = 2) or a flat circular punch (m = 1), but varies from material to material in the range m = 1.2-1.6. A simple model is developed based on observations from finite element simulations of indentation of elastic-plastic materials by a rigid cone that provides a physical explanation for the behavior. The model, which is based on the concept of an indenter with an "effective shape" whose geometry is determined by the shape of the plastic hardness impression formed during indentation, provides a means by which the material constants in the power law relation can be related to more fundamental material properties such as the elastic modulus and hardness. Simple arguments are presented from which the effective indenter shape can be derived from the pressure distribution under the indenter. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Knoxville, TN USA. Baker Atlas INTEQ, Houston Technol Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Pharr, GM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 21 TC 223 Z9 230 U1 9 U2 66 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2660 EP 2671 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0386 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 599TN UT WOS:000178351400027 ER PT J AU Garino, TJ AF Garino, TJ TI Electrical behavior of oxidized metal powders during and after compaction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The electrical behavior during compaction of tantalum and aluminum powders was characterized before and after thermal oxidation. The resistivity of unoxidized powders decreased by >10(6) over a narrow range of stress between 1 and 10 MPa. Thermal oxidation of the powders to produce submicrometer thick oxide layers on the particles increased the precompaction electric breakdown strength from <0.2 to >5 kV/cm but did not have a significant effect on the low field resistivity of the powders during compaction. At higher fields, the decrease in resistivity during compaction occurred at lower stresses and over a much narrower stress range since catastrophic electrical breakdown occurred once a certain level of stress was reached. The breakdown field at constant stress also decreased as the stress was increased for the oxidized powders. These effects are caused by the cracking of the brittle oxide coatings at the contact points between the particles during compaction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Garino, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2691 EP 2697 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0389 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 599TN UT WOS:000178351400030 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, AA Breder, K Ferber, MK Kirkland, TP Payzant, EA Rawn, CJ Krug, E Larocco, CL Pietras, RA Karakus, M AF Wereszczak, AA Breder, K Ferber, MK Kirkland, TP Payzant, EA Rawn, CJ Krug, E Larocco, CL Pietras, RA Karakus, M TI Dimensional changes and creep of silica core ceramics used in investment casting of superalloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLIZATION; CRISTOBALITE AB Dimensional changes and creep deformation of a silica/zircon (74%/24%, respectively) and a high silica (93% silica and 3% zircon) ceramic were characterized and compared. All specimens were tested with a thermal profile that consisted of a 300degreesC/h heating rate to 1475 or 1525degreesC, followed by a one-hour isothermal hold (where each specimen was compressively crept under a static stress of 2.07, 4.14, or 6.21 MPa). The specimens were cooled at a rate of 900degreesC/h under stress. Dimensional changes were interpreted from apparent thermal expansion behavior during heating as well as before-and-after dimensional measurements. The silica/zircon ceramic generally exhibited less total contraction than the high silica ceramic for a specific test condition even though it crept faster at all stresses and temperatures during the one-hour isothermal/isostress segment. This indicates that the total contraction for both was dominated by reinitiated sintering and subsequent cristobalite formation that occurred during the heating segment. Minimum creep rate during the one-hour isothermal/isostress segment was examined as a function of stress and temperature for both ceramics using a power-law creep model. Creep-rate stress exponents (n) and activation energies (Q) were equivalent (within 95% confidence) for both ceramics showing that their different contents of zircon (3 vs. 24%) did not affect them. Lastly, n approximate to 1.3-1.4 and Q approximate to 170 kJ/mol indicate that diffusion-assisted crystallization of cristobalite, combined with power-law sintering owing to the high concentration of porosity (28-30%) was likely the rate-limiting mechanism in the creep deformation for both ceramics. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Certech Inc, Carpenter Engineered Molded Ceram Prod, Wood Ridge, NJ 07075 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 20 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 19 BP 4235 EP 4245 DI 10.1023/A:1020060508311 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 590KN UT WOS:000177822200023 ER PT J AU Louck, JD AF Louck, JD TI A new parametrization and all integral realizations of the Lorentz group SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE AB A simple linear transformation of the biquaternionic parameters alpha and beta of the group SL(2, C), which is two-to-one homomorphic to the restricted Lorentz group L, is used to express each element of SL(2, C) and L in terms of the first column of an element of L and the quaternionic parameters alpha. This parametrization is shown to bring the determination of the integral realizations of the restricted Lorentz group under the purview of classical Diophantine analysis, involving the expression of a given pair of integers, respectively, as a sum of three squares and a sum of four squares. These solutions are further constrained by the condition that a set of four integers, which is linear in the solution of the three squares problem and in the solution of the four squares problem, have a common factor. These are all classical problems addressed and solved by Euclid, Euler, Fermat, Gauss, Jacobi, and others. The corresponding realizations of SL(2, C) fall into three distinct classes: those in which the elements of the matrix are Gaussian integers, Gaussian integers divided by , and Gaussian half-odd integers. These results apply also to the principal subgroups of SL(2, C). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louck, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 43 IS 10 BP 5108 EP 5134 DI 10.1063/1.1505124 PG 27 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 595EZ UT WOS:000178095500040 ER PT J AU Geesey, GG Neal, AL Suci, PA Peyton, BM AF Geesey, GG Neal, AL Suci, PA Peyton, BM TI A review of spectroscopic methods for characterizing microbial transformations of minerals SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Review DE biogeochemistry; spectroscopic techniques; microorganisms ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE; IN-SITU; IRON SULFIDES; REDUCTION; DISSOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; SEDIMENTS; BIOFILMS AB Over the past decade, advances in surface-sensitive spectroscopic techniques have provided the opportunity to identify many new microbiologically mediated biogeochemical processes. Although a number of surface spectroscopic techniques require samples to be dehydrated, which precludes real-time measurement of biotransformations and generate solid phase artifacts, some now offer the opportunity to either isolate a hydrated sample within an ultrahigh vacuum during analysis or utilize sources of radiation that efficiently penetrate hydrated specimens. Other nondestructive surface spectroscopic techniques permit determination of the influence of microbiological processes on the kinetics and thermodynamics of geochemical reactions. The ability to perform surface chemical analyses at micrometer and nanometer scales has led to the realization that bacterial cell surfaces are active sites of mineral nucleation and propagation, resulting in the formation of both stable and transient small-scale surface chemical heterogeneities. Some surface spectroscopic instrumentation is now being modified for use in the field to permit researchers to evaluate mineral biotransformations under in situ conditions. Surface spectroscopic techniques are thus offering a variety of opportunities to yield new information on the way in which microorganisms have influenced geochemical processes on Earth over the last 4 billion years. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Geesey, GG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011; Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD OCT PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2 BP 125 EP 139 AR PII S0167-7012(02)00045-3 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00045-3 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 587HD UT WOS:000177633700001 PM 12133605 ER PT J AU Bae, JW Rhee, SK Jang, A Kim, IS Lee, ST AF Bae, JW Rhee, SK Jang, A Kim, IS Lee, ST TI Copper ion toxicity causes discrepancy between acetate degradation and methane production in granular sludge SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial resistance; granules; metal ions; nitrate reduction; sulfate reduction ID MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS RESISTANCE; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; UASB REACTORS; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; LAYERED STRUCTURE; INHIBITION; DIGESTION AB Metal ions have an adverse effect on anaerobic digestion. In an acetate degradation test of upflow of anaerobic sludge blanket granules with Cu2+, not all of the acetate that disappeared was stoichiometrically converted to methane. In the presence of 400 mg/g-VSS (volatile suspended solids) Cu2+ only 26% of the acetate consumed was converted to methane. To study acetate conversion by other anaerobic microorganisms, sulfate and nitrate reductions were investigated in the presence of Cu2+. Sulfate and nitrate reductions exhibited more resistance to Cu2+ than methanogenesis, and the granules reduced 2.2 mM and 5.4 mM of nitrate and sulfate, respectively, in the presence of 400 mg/g-VSS copper ion. However, the acetate degraded by sulfate and nitrate reductions was only 24% of the missing acetate that could have been stoichiometrically converted to CO2. Accordingly, 76% of the acetate consumed appeared to have been converted to other unknown compounds. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Kwangju, South Korea. RP Lee, ST (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Taejon 305701, South Korea. OI Bae, Jin-Woo/0000-0001-6433-5270 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY PI SEOUL PA KOREA SCI TECHNOL CENTER #507, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1017-7825 J9 J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN JI J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 12 IS 5 BP 849 EP 853 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 610AB UT WOS:000178937600025 ER PT J AU Scheu, C Klein, S Tomsia, AP Ruhle, M AF Scheu, C Klein, S Tomsia, AP Ruhle, M TI Chemical reactions and morphological stability at the Cu/Al2O3 interface SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE Cu/Al2O3; diffusion bonding; interfaces; reaction phases; TEM ID CU/ALPHA-AL2O3 INTERFACES; COPPER; ALUMINA; OXYGEN; SYSTEM; CUALO2 AB The microstructures of diffusion-bonded Cu/(0001)Al-2 O-3 bicrystals annealed at 1000 degreesC at oxygen partial pressures of 0.02 or 32 Pa have been studied with various microscopy techniques ranging from optical microscopy to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The studies revealed that for both oxygen partial pressures a 20-35 nm thick interfacial CuAlO2 layer formed, which crystallises in the rhombohedral structure. However, the CuAlO2 layer is not continuous, but interrupted by many pores. In the samples annealed in the higher oxygen partial pressure an additional reaction phase with a needle-like structure was observed. The needles are several millimetres long, similar to10 mum wide and similar to1 mum thick. They consist of CuAlO2 with alternating rhombohedral and hexagonal structures. Solid-state contact angle measurements were performed to derive values for the work of adhesion. The results show that the adhesion is twice as good for the annealed specimen compared to the as-bonded sample. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scheu, C (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 208 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2002.01065.x PN 1 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 602AQ UT WOS:000178482900003 PM 12366593 ER PT J AU Joy, DC AF Joy, DC TI SMART - a program to measure SEM resolution and imaging performance SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform; scanning electron microscope; resolution; signal-to-noise; probe size ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TO-NOISE RATIO AB It is important to be able to measure the parameters, such as spatial resolution, astigmastism, signal-to-noise ratio, and drift and instability, that characterize the performance of a scanning electron microscope. These quantities can be determined most reliably by a Fourier analysis of digital micrographs from the instrument, recorded under conditions of interest. A program designed to implement all of the necessary steps in an automated manner has been developed as a 'macro' for the popular, and freely available, NIH Image and SCION Image programs. C1 Univ Tennessee, EM Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Joy, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, EM Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 21 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 208 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2002.01062.x PN 1 PG 11 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 602AQ UT WOS:000178482900005 PM 12366595 ER PT J AU Brown, LR Sams, RL Kleiner, I Cottaz, C Sagui, L AF Brown, LR Sams, RL Kleiner, I Cottaz, C Sagui, L TI Line intensities of the phosphine dyad at 10 mu m SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE line intensities; PH3; infrared fundamentals; dyad ID LASER STARK SPECTROSCOPY; HARMONIC FORCE-FIELDS; ABINITIO CALCULATION; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; A1-A2 SPLITTINGS; C3V MOLECULES; GROUND-STATE; PH3; NU-2; FUNDAMENTALS AB Over 1000 measured line intensities of phosphine (PH3) are reported for the region 830 to 1310 cm(-1), which contains the two lowest fundamentals in Coriolis interaction. These measurements are fitted to 1.5% for nu(2) at 992.13 cm(-1) and 2.1 % for nu(4) at 1118.31 cm(-1), respectively, using five intensity parameters that include three Herman-Wallis type terms. In addition, some 60 intensities of the 2nu(2) - nu(2) hot band are modeled. The corresponding assignments and line positions of the dyad from previous work [L. Fusina and G. Di Lonardo, J. Mol. Struct. 517-518, 67-78 (2000)] are combined with the present intensity study to provide an improved PH3 database for planetary studies. The total integrated intensity for the dyad is 156.(4) cm(-2) atm(-1) at 296 K. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Unite Propre, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 215 IS 2 BP 178 EP 203 DI 10.1006/jmsp.2002.8638 PG 26 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 607LN UT WOS:000178793200002 ER PT J AU Maya, L Chen, CH Stevenson, KA Kenik, EA Allman, SL Thundat, TG AF Maya, L Chen, CH Stevenson, KA Kenik, EA Allman, SL Thundat, TG TI Mass spectrometric analysis of water-soluble gold nanoclusters SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE particle size; measurements; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; scanning probe microscopy; aggregates ID LASER-DESORPTION AB Batches of water-soluble gold nanoclusters of nominal 2.0 or 3.5 nm diameter were prepared to evaluate particle size determinations by a number of techniques such as transmission electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy and to validate estimates derived by mass spectrometric analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). Good agreement was found and MALDI lends itself to analyses even in the presence of aggregates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Engn Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maya, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Allman, Steve/A-9121-2011 OI Allman, Steve/0000-0001-6538-7048 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 417 EP 422 DI 10.1023/A:1021641407668 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 625HM UT WOS:000179811100005 ER PT J AU Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW Dai, JX Roth, J Reisner, DE AF Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW Dai, JX Roth, J Reisner, DE TI Characterization of plasma-sprayed pyrite/electrolyte composite cathodes for thermal batteries SO JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE plasma-sprayed pyrite composite cathodes; cost reduction AB A number of electrolytes were evaluated as co-spray additives for plasma spraying of pyrite powder to form composite cathodes for use in thermally activated batteries. Initial work showed that the LiCl-KCl eutectic electrolyte was effective for this purpose. In this paper the use of alternative electrolytes is described and the effects on performance of the plasma-sprayed cathodes in Li(Si)/FeS2 single cells are presented. Standard thermal-battery electrolytes such as the all-lithium (cation) LiBr-LiBr-LiF electrolyte and the low-melting LiBr-KBr-LiF eutectic were evaluated. A nonhygroscopic electrolyte, the KCl-Li2SO4-NaCl eutectic, was also examined. These electrolytes encompass a range of melting points and heats of fusion. Future research efforts in this area are also described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US Nanocorp Inc, Farmington, CT 06032 USA. RP Guidotti, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA C P 6079, SUCC CENTRE-VILLE, MONTREAL, QC H3C 3A7, CANADA SN 1480-2422 J9 J NEW MAT ELECTR SYS JI J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 5 IS 4 BP 273 EP 279 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 614VT UT WOS:000179212700006 ER PT J AU Alton, J Plaisted, TJ Hrma, P AF Alton, J Plaisted, TJ Hrma, P TI Dissolution and growth of spinel crystals in a borosilicate glass SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article AB The rate of dissolution and growth of settling crystals of spinel was measured optically in a borosilicate melt that was pre-heated at a temperature above liquidus to erase the effects of previous history. The Hixson-Crowell equation, which is based on Fick's first law, was used to determine mass-transfer coefficients (k(H)) for dissolution and growth; both were found to fit the same Arrhenius function of temperature (T). An attempt was made to estimate the diffusion coefficient (D) and the concentration-boundary-layer thickness (delta). The calculated values of delta compared well with experimental results and observations. The D vs. T function was similar to a literature function obtained for the dissolution of magnetite in sodium disilicate glass. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hrma, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K6-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT PY 2002 VL 311 IS 1 BP 24 EP 35 AR PII S0022-3093(02)01325-X DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01325-X PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 596HQ UT WOS:000178159200003 ER PT J AU Cho, WD Han, MH Bronson, MC Zundelevich, Y AF Cho, WD Han, MH Bronson, MC Zundelevich, Y TI Processing of uranium oxide powders in a fluidized-bed reactor. I. Experimental SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The oxidation of UN powders was carried out in a spout-type fluidized-bed reactor in gas mixtures of oxygen and argon, and over the temperature range of 200-500 degreesC. The rate of the conversion from UN to U3O8 powders was measured using gas chromatography and found to be dependent on temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and gas flowrate. The solid reactants and products were analyzed using SEM and XRD. Based on the experimental results, the conversion process was explained by the crackling core model. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Met Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cho, WD (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Met Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 305 IS 2-3 BP 106 EP 111 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01135-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01135-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 607PC UT WOS:000178799100004 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, N Klueh, RL AF Hashimoto, N Klueh, RL TI Microstructural evolution of nickel-doped 9Cr steels irradiated in HFIR SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MARTENSITIC STEELS; 400-DEGREES-C; ALLOYS; OXYGEN AB The microstructures of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels, 9Cr-1MoVNb, 9Cr-1MoVNb-2Ni, 9Cr-2WVTa and 9Cr-2WVTa doped with 2% Ni, irradiated at 400 degreesC up to 12 dpa in the high flux isotope reactor, were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The cavity number density of Ni-doped steels was higher than that of Ni-undoped steels due to the higher concentration of helium. There was no difference of cavity number density between the steels tempered at 700 and 750 degreesC, but the mean size of the cavities in the steels tempered at 750 degreesC was larger than that tempered at 700 degreesC. There was a tendency for the number density of loops in Ni-doped steels to be higher than in Ni-undoped steels. In addition; the mean size of loops in the steels tempered at 750 degreesC was larger than for those tempered at 700 degreesC, while there was not much difference of number density between them. In the steels doped with Ni, irradiation-produced precipitates, identified as M6C(eta)-type carbide and MA phase, were found in the 9Cr-2VWTa-2Ni steel and 9Cr-1MoVNb-2Ni, respectively. Irradiation of Ni-doped steels showed the effect of helium on cavity nucleation, however, the effect of helium on dislocation structure and precipitation was not made clear. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hashimoto, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,Bldg 4500,MS 6136, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI HASHIMOTO, Naoyuki/D-6366-2012 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 305 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 158 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01026-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01026-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 607PC UT WOS:000178799100008 ER PT J AU Fowler, JS Logan, J Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Zhu, W Franceschi, D Pappas, N Ferrieri, R Shea, C Garza, V Xu, YW MacGregor, RR Schlyer, D Gatley, SJ Ding, YS Alexoff, D AF Fowler, JS Logan, J Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Zhu, W Franceschi, D Pappas, N Ferrieri, R Shea, C Garza, V Xu, YW MacGregor, RR Schlyer, D Gatley, SJ Ding, YS Alexoff, D TI PET Imaging of monoamine oxidase B in peripheral organs in humans SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PET; monoamine oxidase B; peripheral organs ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; C-11 L-DEPRENYL; HUMAN-BRAIN; INHIBITION; LOCALIZATION; DOPAMINE; BINDING; TISSUES; MAO; METABOLISM AB Monoamine oxidase (MAO) regulates neurotransmitter concentration in the brain and is also an important detoxifying enzyme in peripheral organs. It occurs in 2 subtypes, MAO A and MAO B. Their relative ratios in different organs are variable, depending on the particular organ and species, making it difficult to extrapolate measures from animals to humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of imaging MAO B in peripheral organs in humans with PET. Methods: Nine healthy subjects (7 males, 2 females; mean age +/- SD, 37 +/- 7 y) received 2 dynamic PET studies of the torso area 2 h apart with C-11-(L)-deprenyl and deuterium-substituted C-11-(L)-deprenyl (C-11-(L)-deprenyl-D2). Time-activity curves for heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen and arterial plasma input were measured for each study. The uptake at plateau and the incorporation quotient (IQ = uptake/plasma input) as well as model terms K-1 (which is a function of blood flow) and k(3) and lambdak(3) (which are kinetic terms proportional to MAO B) were compared to identify organs that showed reduced values with deuterium substitution (deuterium isotope effect) characteristic of MAO B. In addition, a sensitivity analysis compared the 2 tracers with respect to their ability to quantify MAO B. Results: Heart, lungs, kidneys, and spleen showed a robust deuterium isotope effect on uptake, IQ, k(3), and lambdak(3). The arterial plasma input function was significantly larger for C-11-(L)-deprenyl-D2 than for C-11-(L)-deprenyl. Liver time-activity curves were not affected by deuterium substitution and model terms could not be estimated. In organs showing an isotope effect, lambdak(3) showed the rank order: kidneys greater than or equal to heart > lungs = spleen. A sensitivity analysis showed that C-11-(L)-deprenyl-D2 is a better index of MAO activity than C-11-(L)-deprenyl. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that (a) the deuterium isotope effect is useful in assessing the binding specificity of labeled deprenyl to peripheral MAO B; (b) MAO B can be visualized and quantified in the heart, lungs, kidneys, and spleen but not in the liver; (c) with the exception of the liver, which cannot be measured, MAO B activity is highest in the kidneys and heart; and (d) quantitation in organs having high levels of MAO B is improved by the use Of C-11-(L)-deprenyl-D2, similar to prior studies on the brain. This study indicates that C-11-(L)-deprenyl-D2 will be useful for measuring the effects of different variables, including tobacco smoke exposure on MAO B activity in peripheral organs in humans. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Fowler, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 15380] NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1331 EP 1338 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 600MG UT WOS:000178393900015 PM 12368371 ER PT J AU Pak, J Wunderlich, B AF Pak, J Wunderlich, B TI Reversible melting of polyethylene extended-chain crystals detected by temperature-modulated calorimetry SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC); reversible; melting; crystallization; polyethylene; extended-chain crystals ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; MOLAR-MASS POLYETHYLENE; HEAT-CAPACITY; POLYMER CRYSTALS; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; SPHERULITIC GROWTH; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; GEL-SPUN; DSC; CRYSTALLIZATION AB The melting and crystallization of extended-chain crystals of polyethylene are analyzed with standard differential scanning calorimetry and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry. For short-chain, flexible paraffins and polyethylene fractions up to 10 nm length, fully reversible melting was possible for extended-chain crystals, as is expected for small molecules in the presence of crystal nuclei. Up to 100 nm length, full eutectic separation occurs with decreasingly reversible melting. The higher-molar-mass polymers form solid solution crystals and retain a rapidly decreasing reversible component during their melting that decreases to zero about 1.5 K before the end of melting. An attempt is made to link this reversible melting to the known, detailed morphology and phase diagram of the analyzed sample that was pressure-crystallized to reach chain extension and practically complete crystallization. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 66 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 19 BP 2219 EP 2227 DI 10.1002/polb.10283 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 593JX UT WOS:000177989000008 ER PT J AU Hassan, NM McCabe, DJ King, WD Hamm, LL Johnson, ME AF Hassan, NM McCabe, DJ King, WD Hamm, LL Johnson, ME TI Ion exchange removal of cesium from Hanford tank waste supernates with SuperLig (R) 644 resin SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB SuperLig(R) 644 ion exchange resin is currently being evaluated for cesium (Cs-137) removal from radioactive Hanford tank waste supernates as part of the River Protection Project. Testing was performed with actual Hanford tank wastes of widely different compositions using two identical ion exchange columns connected in series each containing approximately 5.5- 6.5 ml of SuperLig(R) 644 resin. The ion exchange columns utilized the same resin material that was eluted between the column tests. This was done to demonstrate the performance of the SuperLig(R) 644 resin for cesium removal from waste samples of different compositions, determine the loading and elution profiles, and to validate design assumptions for full- scale column performances. Decontaminated product solutions generated at the same operating temperature and constant residence times (bed volumes per hour) exhibited the same chemical compositions as their feed samples. The compositions of eluate solutions were generally as expected with the exception of uranium and total organic carbon, which where concentrated by the resin. Development of a pretreatment method for the SuperLig(R) 644 resin has been critical to successful column operation with different waste solutions. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. CH2MHILL Hanford Grp Inc, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hassan, NM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, POB 616, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 254 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1023/A:1020877111415 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 609XY UT WOS:000178932700006 ER PT J AU DeVol, TA Ringberg, AH Dewberry, RA AF DeVol, TA Ringberg, AH Dewberry, RA TI Isotopic analysis of plutonium using a combination of alpha and internal conversion electron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY; PARTICLE AB A combination alpha and conversion electron spectrometer was developed to quantify Pu-239/Pu-240 and Pu-238/Am-241 isotopic ratios of plated sources. The spectrometer was constructed with a commercially available low noise passivated ion- implanted planar silicon (PIPS) detector that was cooled to 77 K with liquid nitrogen. The combination spectrometer was used to quantify alpha- particles, conversion electrons, gamma- rays and X- rays associated with the decay of various plutonium isotopes and Am-241. Two amplifiers operated in parallel with different gains allowed for simultaneous acquisition of the lower energy region (21- 60 keV) for internal conversion electrons, gamma- rays and X- rays, and the higher energy region (5050 keV- 5550 keV) for alpha- particles. Energy resolutions of 2.2 keV FWHM (full- width at half maximum) for the 38.7 keV M conversion electrons and 11.2 keV for the 5499.2 keV alpha- particles from Pu-238 were measured. The energy resolution combined with a spectral deconvolution method was sufficient to be able to quantify the radioactivity using the alpha- spectra as well as the electron spectra; however, quantification of the radioactivity using the internal conversion electron spectra was more problematic because of the presence of X- rays, gamma-rays, Compton scatter electrons and the number of electron peaks present. Deconvolution of the alpha- spectra yielded Pu-239 and Pu-240 activities (as % of total Pu activity), which differed from expected values by -3.0% to 5.4%. Deconvolution of an internal conversion electron spectrum of a high Pu-239 and low Am-241 activity sample yielded Pu-239 and Pu-240 activities, which differed by -17.1 and -35.5% relative to the alpha-measurements, respectively. Determination of the Pu activity using the electron spectra was more problematic in samples where the Am-241 activity dominated. Determination of Pu-238 and Am-241 activity by the electron spectroscopy data was also obtained and compared with the alpha-spectroscopy results. Theoretical investigation of the removal of Am-241 or use of a 400 eV electron spectrometer indicated that the internal conversion electron spectra could be used to determine the Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-240/Am-241 (when present) activity with and without spectral deconvolution, respectively. C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP DeVol, TA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 254 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1023/A:1020889414141 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 609XY UT WOS:000178932700012 ER PT J AU Zhuravlev, I Zakutevsky, O Psareva, T Kanibolotsky, V Strelko, V Taffet, M Gallios, G AF Zhuravlev, I Zakutevsky, O Psareva, T Kanibolotsky, V Strelko, V Taffet, M Gallios, G TI Uranium sorption on amorphous titanium and zirconium phosphates modified by Al3+ or Fe3+ ions SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The sorption of uranium from aqueous solutions on titanium and zirconium phosphates in H+ and K (+) forms modified by iron or aluminum ions has been investigated. The modified pattern of porosity is much better, than for none modified analogous, owing to their increased sorption capacity and kinetics of uranium absorption. The modified sorbents display selectivity towards uranium, that allows to purify solutions up to the content of uranium below the limit of its analytical definition. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Sorpt & Endoecol Problems, UA-164 Kiev, Ukraine. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem, Lab Gen & Inorgan Chem Technol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Zhuravlev, I (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Sorpt & Endoecol Problems, 13 Gen Naymov Str, UA-164 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 254 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1023/A:1020893515049 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 609XY UT WOS:000178932700014 ER PT J AU Shao-Horn, Y Hackney, SA Kahaian, AJ Thackeray, MM AF Shao-Horn, Y Hackney, SA Kahaian, AJ Thackeray, MM TI Structural stability of LiCoO2 at 400 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lithium-cobalt-oxide; spinel; structure, phase transition; X-ray diffraction; transmission electron microscopy; electron diffraction; lithium batteries ID LITHIUM; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; PRODUCTS; OXIDES; SPINEL; CELLS AB The relative stability of the lithiated-spinel structure, Li-2[Co-2]O-4, at 400degreesC to the layered LiCoO2 structure has been investigated. "Low-temperature" LT-LiCoO2 samples were synthesized at 400degreesC by the solid-state reaction of Li2CO3 with CoCO3 (or Co3O4) for various times between 10min and 232 days. Least-squares refinements of X-ray powder diffraction patterns were used to determine the fractions of lithiated-spinel Li-2[Co-2]O-4 and layered LiCoO2 in the samples. X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscope data show that Li-2[Co-2]O-4 nucleates from an intermediate LixCo1-x[Co-2]O-4 spinel product before transforming very slowly to layered LiCoO2. The experimental data confirm the theoretical prediction that layered LiCoO2 is thermodynamically more stable than the lithiated-spinel structure at 400degreesC and support the arguments that a non-ideal cation distribution in Li-2[Co-2]O-4, non-stoichiometry and kinetic factors restrict the transformation of the lithiated-spinel structure to layered LiCoO2 at this temperature. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shao-Horn, Y (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 168 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1006/jssc.2002.9679 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 620QN UT WOS:000179544200009 ER PT J AU Chung, JH Egami, T McQueeney, RJ Yethiraj, M Arai, M Yokoo, T Mook, HA Endoh, Y Tajima, S Frost, C Dogan, F AF Chung, JH Egami, T McQueeney, RJ Yethiraj, M Arai, M Yokoo, T Mook, HA Endoh, Y Tajima, S Frost, C Dogan, F TI Phonon dispersion measurements of YBa2Cu3O6.15 and YBa2Cu3O6.95 by time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on superconductivity, CMR and Related Materials CY JUN 01-08, 2002 CL GIENS, FRANCE DE phonon dispersion; MAPS; Y-based cuprates; in-plane anisotropy ID RAMAN AB We measured the phonon dispersions of YBa2Cu3O6.15 and YBa2Cu3O6.95 by time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering. The in-plane bond-stretching modes in the metallic phase showed a distinct a-b plane anisotropy beyond what is expected for structural origin. Such anisotropy in the longitudinal optical modes, which is absent in the TO, suggests strong in-plane anisotropy in the underlying electronic structure. Apical oxygen bond-stretching modes showed a large frequency change between the insulating and the metallic phases. This large softening also is beyond structural origin, and suggests the effect of local electronic environment. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Int Superconduct Technol Ctr, Superconduct Res Lab, Tokyo 1350062, Japan. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chung, JH (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1023/A:1021057810930 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 626GA UT WOS:000179847600004 ER PT J AU Acosta-Alejandro, M de Leon, JM Conradson, SD Bishop, AR AF Acosta-Alejandro, M de Leon, JM Conradson, SD Bishop, AR TI Evidence for a local structural change in La2CuO4.1 across the superconducting transition SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Superconductivity, CMR and Related Materials CY JUN 01-08, 2002 CL GIENS, FRANCE DE dynamically inhomogeneous ground state; XAFS; radial distribution function; electron-lattice coupling ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; CUO2 PLANE; PHASE-SEPARATION; LATTICE; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4; FLUCTUATIONS; YBA2CU3O7; SYSTEM AB Polarized Cu-K edge XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) on La2CuO4.1 indicate that the radial distribution function of the copper in plane oxygen pairs is a two-site distribution, in agreement with the results found by Bianconi et A for temperatures below the appearance of a pseudogap. Additionally we find evidence of a change in this distribution across the superconducting transition, suggesting coupling between the local lattice structure and the charged particles involved in the superconductivity. C1 CINVESTAV Merida, Yucatan 97310, Mexico. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP CINVESTAV Merida, AP 73, Yucatan 97310, Mexico. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1023/A:1021070113656 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 626GA UT WOS:000179847600010 ER PT J AU Fisher, RA Bouquet, F Phillips, NE Hundley, MF Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Thompson, ID AF Fisher, RA Bouquet, F Phillips, NE Hundley, MF Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Thompson, ID TI Specific heat of CeRhIn5: Pressure-driven transition from antiferromagnetism to heavy-fermion superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on superconductivity, CMR and Related Materials CY JUN 01-08, 2002 CL GIENS, FRANCE DE specific heat; pressure-driven transition; antiferromagnetism; superconductivity; heavy fermion ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB CeRhIn5 is known to show an unusual transition at a critical pressure of similar to15 kbar. Specific-heat data show a gradual change in the zero-field "magnetic" specific-heat anomaly from one typical of antiferromagnetic ordering at ambient pressure to one more characteristic of a Kondo singlet ground state at 21 kbar. However, at 15 kbar there is a discontinuous change from an antiferromagnetic ground state to a superconducting ground state, and evidence of a weak thermodynamic first-order transition. Above the critical pressure, the low-energy excitations are characteristic of superconductivity with line nodes in the energy gap, and, at intermediate pressures, of extended gaplessness. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Fisher, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1023/A:1021051004086 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 626GA UT WOS:000179847600025 ER PT J AU Bouquet, F Fisher, RA Phillips, NE Hinks, DG Jorgensen, JA AF Bouquet, F Fisher, RA Phillips, NE Hinks, DG Jorgensen, JA TI Specific heat of (MgB2)-B-11, a two-gap superconductor SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on superconductivity, CMR and Related Materials CY JUN 01-08, 2002 CL GIENS, FRANCE DE specific heat; superconductivity; two energy gaps phenomenological fit ID MGB2; SPECTROSCOPY; BORON AB We report measurements of the specific heat of (MgB2)-B-11, from I to 50 K and in magnetic fields to 9 T, and give the values of parameters relevant to the superconductivity. The superconducting-state electron contribution is dramatically different from that of other superconductors, but the general features are consistent with predictions for a two-gap superconductor, and it can be quantitatively represented by a two-gap model based on BCS thermodynamics. Parameters characterizing the gaps are in good agreement with some spectroscopic determinations, and also with theoretical calculations. An unusually strong magnetic field dependence of the temperature-proportional term in the electron contribution to the vortex-state specific heat is evidently another manifestation of the two gaps. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bouquet, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1023/A:1021015523651 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 626GA UT WOS:000179847600032 ER PT J AU Bill, A Morawitz, H Kresin, VZ AF Bill, A Morawitz, H Kresin, VZ TI Dynamical screening and electron-mediated superconductivity in intercalated layered metallochloronitrides SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on superconductivity, CMR and Related Materials CY JUN 01-08, 2002 CL GIENS, FRANCE DE acoustic plasmons; collective modes; layered conductors; critical temperature ID ZIRCONIUM NITRIDE CHLORIDE; HAFNIUM NITRIDE; SYSTEMS; ZRNCL; GAS; LI; NA AB Metallochloronitrides are layered conductors that have recently been found to superconduct at critical temperatures up to T-c similar or equal to 26 K. It is known that the electron-phonon interaction is small in these systems, so that the conventional pairing mechanism through exchange of phonons is unable to provide for such high T(c)s. We show that the dominant contribution to the pairing interaction in these materials comes from the exchange of low-energy collective modes, specific to layered conductors. The existence of such acoustic plasmons results from the incomplete screening of the Coulomb interaction perpendicular to the conducting planes which expresses itself in the dynamical nature of the screened Coulomb interaction. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bill, A (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 483 EP 484 DI 10.1023/A:1021071608629 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 626GA UT WOS:000179847600035 ER PT J AU Bill, A Kresin, VZ AF Bill, A Kresin, VZ TI Intercalation and superconductivity in molecular crystals SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on superconductivity, CMR and Related Materials CY JUN 01-08, 2002 CL GIENS, FRANCE DE intercalation; molecular crystal; fullerenes; high-T-c compounds ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; DOPED FULLERENES; C-60; CHCL3; CHF3 AB Intercalating polyatomic molecules into a superconductor can noticeably affect the properties of the compound. We propose a mechanism leading to a large increase in T-c for such systems. The enhancement of T-c is related to the additional pairing interaction arising from the interaction of electrons with the vibrational manifold of the molecules. One immediate prediction of the model is the possibility to observe a site-selective isotope effect. The proposed mechanism explains the recent observation of high-T-c superconductivity in hole-doped intercalated fullerides. The value of T-c for the C-60 . 2 CHBr3 compound is calculated withouth any adjustable parameter. The theory also suggests that intercalating CHI3 would further increase the critical temperature to T-c similar or equal to 140 K. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bill, A (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1023/A:1021075709538 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 626GA UT WOS:000179847600037 ER PT J AU Migliori, A Freibert, F Lashley, JC Lawson, AC Baiardo, JP Miller, DA AF Migliori, A Freibert, F Lashley, JC Lawson, AC Baiardo, JP Miller, DA TI Thermodynamics and the elastic moduli of Pu SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on superconductivity, CMR and Related Materials CY JUN 01-08, 2002 CL GIENS, FRANCE DE thermodynamics; plutonium (Pu) AB Pu exhibits at least five structures below its melting point of 914 K. The lower-temperature phases have unusually low symmetry for an elemental metal, but at higher temperatures, Pu behaves like many other metals, going from fcc (face-centered cubic) to bcc (body-centered cubic) before melting. Electronic structure calculations appear to explain the lowest temperature monoclinic phase and the changes it undergoes with pressure (O. Eriksson, J. D. Baker, A. V Balatsky, and J. M. Wills, J. Alloys Comp. 287,1 (1999)), but the much simpler fcc phase of Pu remains difficult to understand ab initio. We show how the unusually small values of elastic moduli require that the effects of temperature and phonon entropy be included in any theory of fcc Pu, and we present new high-accuracy data for elastic moduli, that show that the elastic moduli of Ga-stabilized fcc Pu do not depend on Ga at 300 K, and that polycrystal and monocrystal elastic modulus data for Pu are in agreement. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Migliori, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Freibert, Franz/0000-0003-4434-3446 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 5 BP 499 EP 503 DI 10.1023/A:1021079810447 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 626GA UT WOS:000179847600039 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG Borcea, L Papanicolaou, GC Tsogka, C AF Berryman, JG Borcea, L Papanicolaou, GC Tsogka, C TI Statistically stable ultrasonic imaging in random media SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TIME-REVERSED ACOUSTICS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; PHASE-CONJUGATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SHALLOW-WATER; PULSE; OPERATOR; MIRROR; OCEAN; BEARING AB Analysis of array data from acoustic scattering in a random medium with a small number of isolated targets is performed in order to image and, thereby, localize the spatial position of each target. Because the host medium has random fluctuations in wave speed, the background medium is itself a source of scattered energy. It is assumed, however, that the targets are sufficiently larger and/or more reflective than the background fluctuations so that a clear distinction can be made between targets and background scatterers. In numerical simulations nonreflective boundary conditions are used so as to isolate the effects of the host randomness from those of the spatial boundaries, which can then be treated in a separate analysis. It is shown that the key to successful imaging is finding statistically stable functionals of the data whose extreme values provide estimates of scatterer locations. The best ones are related to the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the array response matrix, just as one might expect from prior work on array data processing in complex scattering media having homogeneous backgrounds. The specific imaging functionals studied include matched-field processing and linear subspace methods, such as MUSIC (MUtiple SIgnal Classification). But statistical stability is not characteristic of the frequency domain, which is often the province of these methods. By transforming back into the time domain after first diagonalizing the array data in the frequency domain, one can take advantage of both the time-domain stability and the frequency-domain orthogonality of the relevant eigenfunctions. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Math, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CNRS, LMA, F-13402 Marseille 20, France. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008; Tsogka, Chrysoula/B-9904-2015 OI Tsogka, Chrysoula/0000-0002-5839-8889 NR 53 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 112 IS 4 BP 1509 EP 1522 DI 10.1121/1.1502266 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 602BW UT WOS:000178486100031 PM 12398458 ER PT J AU Goswami, R Herman, H Sampath, S Parise, J Zhu, YM Welch, D AF Goswami, R Herman, H Sampath, S Parise, J Zhu, YM Welch, D TI Shock-induced transformations in hexagonal boron nitride by high-velocity thermal spray SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; DIAMOND AB Shock synthesis of cubic BN (c-BN) was accomplished using high-velocity thermal spray. Al-8Si-20BN (hexagonal BN, h-BN) composite powders were injected into a high-energy flame where the particles partially melted and accelerated to impact on steel substrates. The shock wave generated by the sudden impact of the droplets propagated through the underlying deposit, which experienced a polymorphic transition to high-pressure forms. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the deposits contained platelike c-BN embedded in h-BN. The c-BN formed with a specific orientation relation, with (0001) h-BN. parallel to (111) c-BN and [11-20] h-BN nearly parallel to [2-20] c-BN. As a result of shock propagation, a number of half-Frank loops with Burgers vector (1)/(2)[0001] were introduced and thin (similar to3 nm) layers of amorphous BN (a-BN), parallel to the (0002) plane, were formed. Significant shearing of the (10-10) plane with respect to the c-axis, delamination, and kink bands were also observed in most of the h-BN grains. The Hugoniot pressure calculation suggested that the impact pressure was sufficient to trigger the nucleation of c-BN. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Goswami, R (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2437 EP 2443 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00477.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 603MA UT WOS:000178562400009 ER PT J AU Han, KS Song, SW Fujita, H Yoshimura, M Cairns, EJ Chang, SH AF Han, KS Song, SW Fujita, H Yoshimura, M Cairns, EJ Chang, SH TI Direct electroplating of lithium cobalt oxide film on platinum substrate in 100 degrees-200 degrees C aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE SYNTHETIC STEP; ROCK-SALT LICOO2; THIN-FILMS; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; BATTERIES; ELECTRODES; CATHODES; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE AB Well crystallized, shape-formed, and electrochemically active lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) films are electroplated directly on an electron-conducting substrate in an aqueous solution using a soft solution processing that is economical, consumes less energy consuming, and is environmentally friendly. Although LiCoO2 films are easily and economically prepared without any post-synthesis heat treatment, the estimated film properties show a possibility of using the deposited films as a cathode film for lithium rechargeable microbatteries. In addition, the soft solution processing reveals that an exact understanding of chemical reactions and the proper combination of the chemical reactions can create an advanced synthetic procedure. C1 Chungnam Natl Univ, CUPS, Dept Fine Chem Engn & Chem, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Tokyo Inst Technol, Ctr Mat Design, Mat & Struct Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226, Japan. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Telecommun Basic Res Lab, Battery Technol Team, Taejon 305350, South Korea. RP Han, KS (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, CUPS, Dept Fine Chem Engn & Chem, 220 Kung, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RI Yoshimura, Masahiro/H-5938-2011; Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Yoshimura, Masahiro/0000-0003-1810-0301; Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2444 EP 2448 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00478.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 603MA UT WOS:000178562400010 ER PT J AU Sugar, JD McKeown, JT Marks, RA Glaeser, AM AF Sugar, JD McKeown, JT Marks, RA Glaeser, AM TI Liquid-film-assisted formation of alumina/niobium interfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL CERAMIC INTERFACES; SILICON-NITRIDE; TRANSIENT LIQUID; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CU/NB/CU INTERLAYERS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NB/AL2O3 INTERFACES; ALUMINA; NIOBIUM; CHEMISTRY AB Alumina has been joined at 1400degreesC using niobium-based interlayers. Two different joining approaches were compared: solid-state diffusion bonding using a niobium foil as an interlayer, and liquid-film-assisted bonding using a multilayer copper/niobium/copper interlayer. In both cases, a 127-mum-thick niobium foil was used; approximate to1.4-mum- or approximate to3-mum-thick copper films flanked the niobium. Room-temperature four-point bend tests showed that the introduction of a copper film had a significant beneficial effect on the average strength and the strength distribution. Experiments using sapphire substrates indicated that during bonding the initially continuous copper film evolved into isolated copper-rich droplets/particles at the sapphire/interlayer interface, and extensive regions of direct bonding between sapphire and niobium. Film breakup appeared to initiate either at niobium grain boundary ridges or at asperities or irregularities on the niobium surface that caused localized contact with the sapphire. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sugar, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2523 EP 2530 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00490.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 603MA UT WOS:000178562400022 ER PT J AU Kruzic, JJ Marks, RA Yoshiya, M Glaeser, AM Cannon, RM Ritchie, RO AF Kruzic, JJ Marks, RA Yoshiya, M Glaeser, AM Cannon, RM Ritchie, RO TI Fracture and fatigue behavior at ambient and elevated temperatures of alumina bonded with copper/niobium/copper interlayers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT LIQUID; CRACK-GROWTH; DUCTILE-PHASE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERFACE IMPURITIES; RESISTANCE MECHANISM; CU/NB/CU INTERLAYERS; MONOLITHIC ALUMINA; METAL INTERFACES; FRICTIONAL-WEAR AB Interfacial fracture toughness and cyclic fatigue-crack growth properties of joints made from 99.5% pure alumina partially transient liquid-phase bonded using copper/niobium/copper interlayers have been investigated at both room and elevated temperatures, and assessed in terms of interfacial chemistry and microstructure. The mean interfacial fracture toughness, G(c), was found to decrease from 39 to 21 J/m(2) as temperature was raised from 25degrees to 1000degreesC, with failure primarily at the alumina/niobium interfaces. At room temperature, cyclic fatigue-crack propagation occurred both at the niobium/alumina interface and in the alumina adjacent to the interface, with the fatigue threshold, DeltaG(TH), ranging from 20 to 30 J/m(2); the higher threshold values in that range resulted from a predominantly near-interfacial (alumina) crack path. During both fracture and fatigue failure, residual copper at the interface deformed and remained adhered to both sides of the fracture surface, acting as a ductile second phase, while separation of the niobium/alumina interface appeared relatively brittle in both cases. The observed fracture and fatigue behavior is considered in terms of the respective roles of the presence of ductile copper regions at the interface which provide toughening, extrinsic toughening due to grain bridging during crack propagation in the alumina, and the relative crack propagation resistance of each crack path, including the effects of segregation at the interfaces found by Auger spectroscopy. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kruzic, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014; Yoshiya, Masato/A-6155-2011 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921; Yoshiya, Masato/0000-0003-2029-2525 NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 85 IS 10 BP 2531 EP 2541 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00491.x PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 603MA UT WOS:000178562400023 ER PT J AU Andersson, AM Abraham, DP Haasch, R MacLaren, S Liu, J Amine, K AF Andersson, AM Abraham, DP Haasch, R MacLaren, S Liu, J Amine, K TI Surface characterization of electrodes from high power lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE; THERMAL-STABILITY; CATHODE MATERIALS; XPS ANALYSIS; GRAPHITE; CARBONATE; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACE; ETHYLENE AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study electrode samples obtained from 18650-type lithium-ion cells subjected to accelerated calendar-life testing at temperatures ranging from 25 to 70degreesC and at states-of-charge from 40 to 80%. The cells contained LiNi0.8Co0.2O2-based positive electrodes (cathodes), graphite-based negative electrodes (anodes), and a 1 M LiPF6 ethylene carbonate: diethyl carbonate (1: 1) electrolyte. The results from electrochemically treated samples showed surface film formation on both electrodes. The positive electrode laminate surfaces contained a mixture of organic species that included polycarbonates, and LiF, LixPFy-type and LixPFy O-z-type compounds. The same surface compounds were observed regardless of test temperature, test duration, and state-of-charge. On the negative electrode laminates lithium alkyl carbonates (ROCO2Li) and Li2CO3 were found in addition to the above-mentioned compounds. Decomposition of lithium alkyl carbonates to Li2CO3 occurred on negative electrodes stored at elevated temperature. Initial depth-profiling results suggest that the surface layer thickness is greater on positive electrode samples from cells stored at high temperature than on samples from cells stored at room temperature. This observation is significant because positive electrode impedance, and more specifically, charge-transfer resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interface, has been shown to be the main contributor to impedance rise in these cells. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Microanal Mat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Uppsala, Angstrom Lab, Dept Chem Mat, Angstrom Adv Battery Ctr, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Andersson, AM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI MacLaren, Scott/A-5075-2009; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 43 TC 305 Z9 309 U1 24 U2 221 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 149 IS 10 BP A1358 EP A1369 DI 10.1149/1.1505636 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 594CA UT WOS:000178030100017 ER PT J AU Lee, C Mun, B Ross, PN AF Lee, C Mun, B Ross, PN TI The chemical reaction of diethyl carbonate with lithium intercalated graphite studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROPYLENE CARBONATE; THERMAL-STABILITY; CROSS-SECTIONS; LI; DIOXIDE; TETRAHYDROFURAN; CALORIMETRY AB The chemical reaction of diethyl carbonate (DEC) with lithiated graphite (LiC6) was studied in vacuum with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using the temperature-programmed reaction methodology. DEC molecules were condensed onto the sample surface at 120 K, and XPS spectra were collected while warming the sample in increments of 30 to 620 K. For purposes of comparison, surfaces of pure metallic Li, lithiated graphite (LiC6), and bare graphite were studied using identical procedures. The reaction path of DEC on LiC6 surface was very similar to that on pure Li except for small shifts in the temperature where the same reaction occurred. In the range of 180-270 K, changes in the charging of the surface layer as the DEC evaporates/reacts on the surface make it difficult to determine the reaction products. In the 270-390 K region, the C/O stoichiometry of the surface layer decreases from 1.67 to ca. 1.0, and reaction products on the surface are most probably lithium methoxide (CH3O-) and lithium oxalate (C2O42-). Ethylene and/or CO were the only clearly identifiable gas-phase reaction products. Li2O begins to form at ca. 330-360 K from the decomposition of oxalate. Methoxide is thermally stable up to about 450 K, near the melting point of lithium. The final reaction at 390-620 K is decomposition of all organic carbon-oxygen species to form Li2O and CO. Our experiments thus indicate that the exotherm observed at ca. 120-140degreesC in the calorimetry of Li-ion negative electrode materials is most probably the decomposition of the solid electrolyte interface layer into Li2O and CO, and not into Li2CO3. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 149 IS 10 BP A1286 EP A1292 DI 10.1149/1.1502689 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 594CA UT WOS:000178030100006 ER PT J AU Shim, J Striebel, KA Cairns, EJ AF Shim, J Striebel, KA Cairns, EJ TI The lithium/sulfur rechargeable cell - Effects of electrode composition and solvent on cell performance SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR BATTERY; POLYSULFIDES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; REDUCTION AB The cycling behavior and electrochemical characteristics of the sulfur electrode in the lithium/sulfur rechargeable cell were investigated using galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry. The cycling performance of the sulfur electrode was characterized in different solvents (triglyme, PEGDME 250 and 500). The variations of capacity and capacity fade rate were also measured as a function of the content of sulfur, carbon and binder. The capacity fade rate of the sulfur electrode was lower with a higher molecular weight solvent such as PEGDME 250 or 500. The content of carbon in the sulfur electrode plays an important role in capacity improvement. The best cell cycled for 600 deep cycles above 100 mAh/g of electrode, and 400 cycles above 160 mAh/g of electrode (80% of original capacity) at room temperature. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shim, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 18 TC 288 Z9 298 U1 15 U2 170 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 149 IS 10 BP A1321 EP A1325 DI 10.1149/1.1503076 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 594CA UT WOS:000178030100011 ER PT J AU Poyneer, LA Gavel, DT Brase, JM AF Poyneer, LA Gavel, DT Brase, JM TI Fast wave-front reconstruction in large adaptive optics systems with use of the Fourier transform SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE MEASUREMENTS AB Wave-front reconstruction with the use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and spatial filtering is shown to be computationally tractable and sufficiently accurate for use in large Shack-Hartmann-based adaptive optics systems (up to at least 10,000 actuators). This method is significantly faster than, and can have noise propagation comparable with that of, traditional vector-matrix-multiply reconstructors. The boundary problem that prevented the accurate reconstruction of phase in circular apertures by means of square-grid Fourier transforms (FTs) is identified and solved. The methods are adapted for use on the Fried geometry. Detailed performance analysis of mean squared error and noise propagation for FT methods is presented with the use of both theory and simulation. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Poyneer, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2100 EP 2111 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.19.002100 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 598QZ UT WOS:000178289200017 PM 12365629 ER PT J AU Dilustro, JJ Collins, BS Duncan, LK Sharitz, RR AF Dilustro, JJ Collins, BS Duncan, LK Sharitz, RR TI Soil texture, land-use intensity, and vegetation of Fort Benning upland forest sites SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE pine-oak-hickory forests; sandhills; Fort Benning; soil texture; disturbance ID UNEVEN-AGED STANDS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SHORTLEAF PINES AB DILUSTRO, J. J., B. S. COLLINS, L. K. DUNCAN, AND R. R. SHARITZ (Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, P. O. Drawer E, Aiken, S. C. 29802). Soil texture, land-use intensity, and vegetation of Fort Benning upland forest sites. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129: 289-297. 2002-Federal lands may harbor much of the diversity of upland pine-oak-hickory forests in the southeastern USA Fall Line Sandhills region. These forests are managed throughout the region; species composition is influenced by topography, soil composition, periodic natural and prescribed fires, and forest harvesting practices. Our objective was to describe the canopy and ground layer vegetation of upland sites at Fort Benning, Georgia that are managed primarily for longleaf pine (thinned, burned at 3 year intervals) and differ in soil texture (from sandy to clayey) and intensity of military training (lighter dismounted infantry vs. heavier mechanized training). We characterized surface soil texture and land-use disturbance of 32 sites, each 400 m x 400 m, and asked if canopy and ground layer community measures (species composition and richness, basal area, abundance) differed among sites on the basis of soil texture or land-use. There was significant interaction between land-use and soil texture, with a gradient of soil texture (% clay) from clayey sites within light training areas, to sandy sites in heavier training areas. Road-like features, including active and remnant trails, roads, and vehicle tracks or trails were the most frequent and abundant disturbance feature. Number of disturbance features per site did not differ among land-use/surface soil texture categories. Differences in ground layer and canopy composition among sites reflected disturbance intensity; differences in canopy composition also reflected the proportion of pine. Species richness of ground layer vegetation differed among surface soil texture/land-use categories. There was a richness gradient from heavily disturbed sites with clayey soil, through lightly disturbed sites, to heavily disturbed sites with sandy soil. Our results suggest upland pine-oak-hickory forests at Fort Benning range from sandhills scrub oak-pine to pine-hardwood to oak-hickory dominated forests, with greater species diversity in the ground layer of clayey sites. Forestry practices and disturbances associated with mechanized military training favor pine dominance, and maintain open-site, successional or fire-tolerant species in the ground layer. Although intense management toward pine monocultures can reduce within-stand diversity, federal installations such as Fort Benning may help conserve pine-oak-hickory forests in the rapidly developing Sandhills region. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Dilustro, JJ (reprint author), Dept Army, USAIS, ATSH, OTR, Dilustro Bldg 2905, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 129 IS 4 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.2307/3088700 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 643BG UT WOS:000180841600002 ER PT J AU Havstad, MA Ferencz, RM AF Havstad, MA Ferencz, RM TI Comparison of surface chemical kinetic models for ablative reentry of graphite SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID CARBON; POINT AB A general formulation for surface chemical reactions is used with a finite element heat conduction code to compare computations of the ablated mass flux from carbon bodies experiencing conditions representative of Earth reentry. Several credible models for the surface chemical kinetics are exercised with the formulation and are compared both to each other and to test data obtained by the Passive Nosetip Technology program in the mid-1970s. Sublimation of C-5 and C-7 is shown to be a concern for surface temperatures greater than about 3900 K. The best match between measurements and the calculations is obtained with surface chemical models that use the usual CO formation reactions and the sublimation of C-1-C-3 but that also include CN formation and the sublimation of C-5 and C-7. For surface temperatures above 3500 K and for similar assumptions for the equilibrium vapor pressure and evaporation coefficients of the sublimated species, the net reaction rate approach and the surface site occupation approach give similar ablated mass fluxes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, New Technol Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Technol Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Havstad, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, New Technol Engn Div, POB 808,L-140, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 508 EP 515 DI 10.2514/2.6725 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 605HF UT WOS:000178671500004 ER PT J AU Piekos, ES Breuer, KS AF Piekos, ES Breuer, KS TI Manufacturing effects in microfabricated gas bearings: Axially varying clearance SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The effect of axially-varying clearance on microfabricated gas journal bearings is explored. This variation commonly arises from difficulties inherent to etching deep, narrow channels. Two types of clearance variation commonly observed in etched bearings are investigated: taper and bow. Both shapes are shown to have a detrimental effect on load capacity and bearing stability compared to a cylindrical bearing with the minimum clearance. For the same variation magnitude, taper is shown to have a more serious effect, including complete closure of the stability corridor at low speed for some cases. Methods are suggested for estimating variable-clearance bearing performance using cylindrical bearing data. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Piekos, ES (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2002 VL 124 IS 4 BP 815 EP 821 DI 10.1115/1.1430672 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 603ND UT WOS:000178565200019 ER PT J AU Jagoe, CH Bryan, AL Brant, HA Murphy, TM Brisbin, IL AF Jagoe, CH Bryan, AL Brant, HA Murphy, TM Brisbin, IL TI Mercury in bald eagle nestlings from South Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bald eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; mercury; nestlings ID FEATHERS; FLORIDA; REGION; CANADA AB Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) may be at risk from contaminants in their diet and young birds may be particularly sensitive to contaminant exposure. To evaluate potential risks from dietary mercury exposure to eagle nestlings in South Carolina (USA), we surveyed mercury concentrations in 34 nestlings over two breeding seasons (1998 and 1999). Samples were also obtained from several post-fledging eagles in the region. Nestling feather mercury ranged from 0.61-6.67 mug Hg/g dry weight, nestling down mercury from 0.50-5.05 mug Hg/g dry weight, and nestling blood mercury from 0.02-0.25 mug Hg/g wet weight. We did not detect significant differences in tissue mercury between nestlings from coastal and inland regions in contrast to some other studies of piscivorous birds. Mercury concentrations were much higher in the post fledging birds we sampled. Our data show that nestling eagles in South Carolina are accumulating mercury, and that concentrations in older birds may exceed regulatory guidelines. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Green Pond, SC 29446 USA. RP Jagoe, CH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 706 EP 712 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 632TT UT WOS:000180239500006 PM 12528436 ER PT J AU Firestone, MA Dzielawa, JA Zapol, P Curtiss, LA Seifert, S Dietz, ML AF Firestone, MA Dzielawa, JA Zapol, P Curtiss, LA Seifert, S Dietz, ML TI Lyotropic liquid-crystalline gel formation in a room-temperature ionic liquid SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SALTS AB Addition of water to 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide is shown to result in its spontaneous self-organization and the concomitant formation of a liquid-crystalline gel, thus providing a simple means of preparing a supramolecular assembly comprising a room-temperature ionic liquid. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Firestone, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 21 TC 180 Z9 186 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 20 BP 7258 EP 7260 DI 10.1021/la0259499 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 598WV UT WOS:000178300200004 ER PT J AU Lee, JM Lim, KH Smith, DH AF Lee, JM Lim, KH Smith, DH TI Formation of two-phase multiple emulsions by inclusion of continuous phase into dispersed phase SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID OIL-WATER SYSTEMS; MORPHOLOGY DIAGRAM; LIQUID DISPERSIONS; AFFINITY INVERSION; SURFACTANT; MICROEMULSION; TEMPERATURE; CATASTROPHE; 3-PHASE; 2-PHASE AB The formation of multiple emulsions, M/O/M, has been observed for conjugate middle-phase microemulsion (M) and top or oleic (0) phase formed by the system 2-butoxyethanol/n-decane/water at a temperature (35.0 degreesC) about midway between the critical endpoint temperatures (i.e., lowest and highest temperatures at which top, middle, and bottom phases can coexist) of this system. The M/O/M morphology was discovered by measuring the electrical conductivities of steady-state emulsions and confirmed by photomicrography; it was formed by the top and middle phases of the top-middle-bottom tie triangle, as well as by conjugate phases of other tie lines between the top-middle limiting tie line and the microemulsion-oleic phase critical point. The volume fractions of microemulsion in the cores of the multiple emulsions were calculated from the conductivity measurements. They decreased with increasing volume fraction of oleic phase in the system. Inversion of O/M emulsions to the M/O emulsion occurred at still smaller volume fractions of microemulsion in the system, after the volume fraction of microemulsion in the cores apparently had decreased to zero. It is suggested that the line of phase compositions at which the core volume apparently goes to zero may terminate at the microemulsion-oleic phase critical point, where the hysteresis lines for O/M --> M/O, and M/O --> O/M inversions also terminate. No evidence was found for decreases of volume fraction of continuous oleic phase with decreasing volume fraction of oleic phase in the system or for the hypothetical morphology change M/O/M --> M/O, caused by "disappearance" of continuous M phase. This appears to be the first observation of the formation of multiple emulsions by microemulsion and oleic phases at a temperature between the two critical-endpoint temperatures. Also, we have observed that the emulsion inversion path was quite different from that in previous studies. In these studies inversion took place through the morphology change of O/W to W/O/W to W/O. However, in our study the inversion took place through the change of M/O/M to O/M to M/O. That is, multiple emulsions M/O/M were formed first by inclusion of M phase into O-phase drops. Then the M/O/M emulsions inverted to O/M emulsions at which the volume fraction of M-phase droplets in the core became zero. From this point on O/M morphology was maintained with increasing O-phase fraction up to the emulsion inversion point, and then inversion to M/O took place. C1 Chung Ang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 156756, South Korea. US DOE, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Lim, KH (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 156756, South Korea. EM khlim@cau.ac.kr NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 20 BP 7334 EP 7340 DI 10.1021/la025690u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 598WV UT WOS:000178300200016 ER PT J AU Senapati, S Keiper, JS DeSimone, JM Wignall, GD Melnichenko, YB Frielinghaus, H Berkowitz, ML AF Senapati, S Keiper, JS DeSimone, JM Wignall, GD Melnichenko, YB Frielinghaus, H Berkowitz, ML TI Structure of phosphate fluorosurfactant based reverse micelles in supercritical carbon dioxide SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; WATER; MICROEMULSIONS; SURFACTANTS; SYSTEM; EXTRACTION; POTENTIALS AB The existence of microemulsions in the system composed of phosphate-based fluorosurfactant, water, and supercritical CO2 is demonstrated by small-angle neutron scattering experiments. A computer simulation study performed on a reverse micelle created in this system shows that the micelle remains stable over a 4 ns time period of the simulation. While the data obtained from the experiments provide information about the size of the reverse micelle, the data obtained from the simulations provide additional information about the shape and structure of such a micelle. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Berkowitz, ML (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Frielinghaus, Henrich/K-6017-2013; OI Frielinghaus, Henrich/0000-0002-8812-8783; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 36 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 20 BP 7371 EP 7376 DI 10.1021/la025952s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 598WV UT WOS:000178300200021 ER PT J AU Gaspar, DJ Lea, AS Engelhard, MH Baer, DR Miehr, R Tratnyek, PG AF Gaspar, DJ Lea, AS Engelhard, MH Baer, DR Miehr, R Tratnyek, PG TI Evidence for localization of reaction upon reduction of carbon tetrachloride by granular iron SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; ELEMENTAL IRON; KINETICS; GROUNDWATER; REMOVAL; METAL; DEHALOGENATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The distribution of reaction sites on iron particles exposed to water containing carbon tetrachloride has been examined by measuring the locations of reaction products. The uniformity or localization of reaction sites has implications for understanding and modeling the reduction of environmental contaminants by iron in groundwater systems. Granular iron surfaces similar to those being used for environmental remediation applications were studied using surface analysis techniques to develop an understanding of the physical and chemical structure of the surface and oxide films. Scanning Auger microscopy and imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy revealed that granular iron exposed to carbon tetrachloride saturated water exhibits chloride-enriched regions with a high degree of localization. These results indicate that significant CCl4 reduction occurred at pits rather than on the passive oxide film on the metal. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Gaspar, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Gaspar, Daniel/0000-0002-8089-810X; Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 33 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 20 BP 7688 EP 7693 DI 10.1021/la025798+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 598WV UT WOS:000178300200065 ER PT J AU Steen, WA Han, SW Yu, QM Gordon, RA Cross, JO Stern, EA Seidler, GT Jeerage, KM Schwartz, DT AF Steen, WA Han, SW Yu, QM Gordon, RA Cross, JO Stern, EA Seidler, GT Jeerage, KM Schwartz, DT TI Structure of cathodically deposited nickel hexacyanoferrate thin films using XRD and EXAFS SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; DISORDERED MIXED SALTS; SWITCHED ION-EXCHANGE; PHOTOINDUCED FERRIMAGNETIC SYSTEMS; BUCKLED CRYSTALLINE-STRUCTURE; = ALKALI CATION; PRUSSIAN BLUE; FINE-STRUCTURE; ELECTRODE INTERFACES; SPECTROSCOPY AB X-ray diffraction (YRD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data were used to explore the structure of cathodically deposited thin films of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF). Thin films were electrodeposited on Pt substrates and analyzed in both the reduced and oxidized states and when intercalated with Cs+, K+, and mixtures of Cs+/K+. All experiments were performed at room temperature. XRD data provided lattice parameters and confirmed the cubic nature of this polycrystalline material, but it could not establish the exact space group from the many known to exist for this class of materials. The lattice parameter monotonically increased from ca. 10.15 to 10.21 Angstrom as the fraction of intercalated cation went from 100% K+ to 100% Cs+. EXAFS data permitted the determination of average nickel coordination, a property directly related to the material's refined structure. Fe and Ni K-edge data were fit using feffit2.32 and FEFF7; the data were fit simultaneously in order to break the correlation between coordination number and the Debye-Waller factor. This resulted in mean nickel coordination values between 4.4 and 5.1 and estimated lattice parameters which are ca. 0.1 Angstrom greater than those found from XRD, a trend indicative of local disorder within the sample. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn & Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Pacific NW Consortium Collaborat Access Team, PNCCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schwartz, DT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn & Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Seidler, Gerald/I-6974-2012 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 20 BP 7714 EP 7721 DI 10.1021/la020352e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 598WV UT WOS:000178300200069 ER PT J AU Davis, AB Love, SP Cahalan, RF McGill, MJ AF Davis, AB Love, SP Cahalan, RF McGill, MJ TI Off-beam lidar senses cloud thickness and density SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Davis, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bikini Atoll Rd,Bldg 30, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McGill, Matthew/D-8176-2012; Cahalan, Robert/E-3462-2012 OI Cahalan, Robert/0000-0001-9724-1270 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 BP 101 EP 104 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 611RB UT WOS:000179030600032 ER PT J AU Burton, H AF Burton, H TI Hacker cracker: A journey from the mean streets of Brooklyn to the frontiers of cyberspace. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 16 BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 754JQ UT WOS:000187313100162 ER PT J AU Tomasi, D Xavier, RF Foerster, B Panepucci, H Tannus, A Vidoto, EL AF Tomasi, D Xavier, RF Foerster, B Panepucci, H Tannus, A Vidoto, EL TI Asymmetrical gradient coil for head Imaging SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE FSA; MRI; head imaging; gradient coil design; fast simulated annealing method; magnetic fields; gradient fields; force analysis; magnetostimulation ID WHOLE-BODY; DESIGN; MRI; OPTIMIZATION; MAGNETOSTIMULATION; LENGTH; SET AB This work presents a novel approach to develop dedicated transverse gradient coils for head imaging. The proposed coil design is based on the stochastic optimization of an asymmetrical stream function and improves the matching between the region-of-interest and the homogeneous gradient volume. Additionally, the electric field produced by these asymmetrical coils is 30% lower than that produced by standard symmetrical designs, which minimizes the risk of magnetostimulation of nerves in fast imaging techniques. A prototype of the asymmetrical gradient coil was built to test the method and magnetic field produced by the prototype was measured. Magnetic field measurements and electrical parameters of coils are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Fis & Informat, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Tomasi, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, 30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015; Tannus, Alberto/B-9821-2012; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 OI Tannus, Alberto/0000-0002-1675-1971; NR 21 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 48 IS 4 BP 707 EP 714 DI 10.1002/mrm.10263 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 599XT UT WOS:000178361000018 PM 12353289 ER PT J AU Banerjee, P Bahlo, M Schwartz, JR Loots, GG Houston, KA Dubchak, I Speed, TP Rubin, EM AF Banerjee, P Bahlo, M Schwartz, JR Loots, GG Houston, KA Dubchak, I Speed, TP Rubin, EM TI SNPs in putative regulatory regions identified by human mouse comparative sequencing and transcription factor binding site data SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; HUMAN GENES; LOCI C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Div Genet & Bioinformat, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Supercomp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Speed, Terence /B-8085-2009 OI Speed, Terence /0000-0002-5403-7998 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [401HL66691] NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD OCT PY 2002 VL 13 IS 10 BP 554 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s00335-002-2169-4 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 612CK UT WOS:000179056500003 PM 12420132 ER PT J AU Kaibyshev, R Musin, F Gromov, D Nieh, TG Lesuer, DR AF Kaibyshev, R Musin, F Gromov, D Nieh, TG Lesuer, DR TI Effect of Cu and Zr additions on the superplastic behavior of 6061 aluminum alloy SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing (PRICM4) CY DEC 11-15, 2001 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Inst Met, Chinese Soc Met, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Iketani Sci & Technol Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res Int Field Off, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USA Res Off Far E DE superplasticity; aluminum alloys; partial melting; microstructure ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; LIQUID-PHASE AB Experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of zirconium and copper additions on superplastic behavior of a 6061 aluminum alloy. Fine grains were produced in a commercial grade of 6061 Al and a 0.15%Zr + 0.7%Cu-modified 6061 alloy by two-step thermomechanical processing. The superplastic properties and microstructure evolution of both alloys were examined in tension at temperatures ranging from 475 to 620degreesC and strain rates ranging from 7 x 10(-6) to 2.8 x 10(-2) s(-1). It was shown using differential thermal analysis that both alloys exhibit the highest superplastic characteristics in a partially melted state. The 0.15%Zr + 0.7%Cu-modified 6061 aluminum alloy exhibits a maximum elongation-to-failure of 1300% at 590degreesC and an initial strain rate of 2.8 x 10(-4) s(-1). In contrast, the highest total elongation of 350% (m similar to 0.6) was achieved in the commercial grade 6061 alloy at 600degreesC and a strain rate of 1.4 x 10(-4) s(-1). The results suggest the addition of Zr provides high stability of the fine-grained structure under superplastic deformation at high temperatures by precipitation of Al3Zr dispersoids. Apparently, the increased amount of liquid phase caused by the copper addition can enhance the superplastic properties of the 6061 alloy. C1 Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kaibyshev, R (reprint author), Inst Met Superplast Problems, Khalturina 39, Ufa 450001, Russia. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; Kaibyshev, Rustam/G-8804-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2392 EP 2399 DI 10.2320/matertrans.43.2392 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 614VZ UT WOS:000179213300006 ER PT J AU Kanahashi, H Mukai, T Nieh, TG Aizawa, T Higashi, K AF Kanahashi, H Mukai, T Nieh, TG Aizawa, T Higashi, K TI Effect of cell size on the dynamic compressive properties of open-celled aluminum foams SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE metallic foam; aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy; cell size; open-cell; plateau stress; strain rate; absorption energy ID METALLIC FOAMS; HEAT-TREATMENT; AZ91 MG; ELASTIC STIFFNESS; POROUS MATERIALS; MAGNESIUM FOAM; NICKEL FOAMS; ALLOY FOAMS; LOW-DENSITY; SG91A AL AB In the present paper, open-celled AA6101-T6 aluminum foams, Duocel, with virtually the same relative density of 0.09 were tested at both a dynamic strain rate of 1.2 x 10(3) s(-1) and quasi-static strain rate of 1 x 10(-3) s(-1) in compression at room temperature. These Duocel foams have different cell sizes (10, 20, and 40 ppi) but similar cell morphology and microstructure. The mechanical strength and energy absorption of these foams were characterized as a function of strain rate and cell morphology. Experimental results indicated that the mechanical responses of Duocel foams were independent of the cell size and strain rate. Similar tests were also conducted with fully dense AA6101-T6 aluminum alloy and the results were compared with those obtained from the foam materials. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Met, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Osaka Municipal Tech Res Inst, Osaka 5368553, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. RP Kanahashi, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Met, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; Mukai, Toshiji/F-9570-2014; Totsukawa, Nobuhisa/D-2028-2017 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; Mukai, Toshiji/0000-0002-9628-5762; NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 43 IS 10 BP 2548 EP 2553 DI 10.2320/matertrans.43.2548 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 614VZ UT WOS:000179213300031 ER PT J AU Hasnah, MO Zhong, Z Oltulu, O Pisano, E Johnston, RE Sayers, D Thomlinson, W Chapman, D AF Hasnah, MO Zhong, Z Oltulu, O Pisano, E Johnston, RE Sayers, D Thomlinson, W Chapman, D TI Diffraction enhanced imaging contrast mechanisms in breast cancer specimens SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiography; diffraction enhanced imaging; breast cancer; x-ray; contrast mechanisms ID PHASE-CONTRAST; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB We have investigated the contrast mechanisms of the refraction angle, and the apparent absorption images obtained from the diffraction enhanced imaging technique (DEI) and have correlated them with the absorption contrast of conventional radiography. The contrast of both the DEI refraction angle image and the radiograph have the same dependence on density differences of the tissues in the visualization of cancer; in radiography these differences directly relate to the contrast while in the DEI refraction angle image it is the density difference and thickness gradient that gives the refraction angle. We show that the density difference of fibrils in breast cancer as measured by absorption images correlate well with the density difference derived from refraction angle images of DEL In addition we find that the DEI apparent absorption image and the image obtained with the DEI system at the top of the reflectivity curve have much greater contrast than that of the normal radiograph (x8 to .33-fold higher). This is due to the rejection of small angle scattering (extinction) from the fibrils enhancing the contrast. (C) 2002 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 IIT, Div Phys, CSRRI, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Hasnah, MO (reprint author), IIT, Div Phys, CSRRI, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013 OI Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R21 GM59395-01] NR 15 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2216 EP 2221 DI 10.1118/1.1507782 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 604XR UT WOS:000178646800003 PM 12408294 ER PT J AU Basavaraju, SR Easterly, CE AF Basavaraju, SR Easterly, CE TI Pathophysiological effects of radiation on atherosclerosis development and progression, and the incidence of cardiovascular complications SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE radiation treatment; atherosclerosis; Hodgkin's disease; breast cancer; coronary artery disease ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; INDUCED HEART-DISEASE; EXTERNAL-BEAM IRRADIATION; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA-1; INHIBITS NEOINTIMA FORMATION; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; IN-STENT RESTENOSIS; HODGKINS-DISEASE; BREAST-CANCER; BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY AB Radiation therapy while important in the management of several diseases, is implicated in the causation of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular complications. Cancer and atherosclerosis go through the same stages of initiation, promotion, and complication, beginning with a mutation in a single cell. Clinical observations before the 1960s lead to the belief that the heart is relatively resistant to the doses of radiation used in radiotherapy. Subsequently, it was discovered that the heart is sensitive to radiation and many cardiac structures may be damaged by radiation exposure. A significantly higher risk of death due to ischemic heart disease has been reported for patients treated with radiation for Hodgkin's disease and breast cancer. Certain cytokines and growth factors, such as TGF-beta1 and IL-1 beta, may stimulate radiation-induced endothelial proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and fibrosis leading to advanced lesions of atherosclerosis. The treatment for radiation-induced ischemic heart disease includes conventional pharmacological therapy, balloon angioplasty, and bypass surgery. Endovascular irradiation has been shown to be effective in reducing restenosis-like response to balloon-catheter injury in animal models. Caution must be exercised when radiation therapy is combined with doxorubicin because there appears to be a synergistic toxic effect on the myocardium. Damage to endothelial cells is a central event in the pathogenesis of damage to the coronary arteries. Certain growth factors that interfere with the apoptotic pathway may provide new therapeutic strategies for reducing the risk of radiation-induced damage to the heart. Exposure to low level occupational or environmental radiation appears to pose no undue risk of atherosclerosis development or cardiovascular mortality. But, other radiation-induced processes such as the bystander effects, abscopal effects, hormesis, and individual variations in radiosensitivity may be important in certain circumstances. (C) 2002 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Bennett Coll, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. RP Easterly, CE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 150 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 BP 2391 EP 2403 DI 10.1118/1.1509442 PG 13 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 604XR UT WOS:000178646800023 PM 12408314 ER PT J AU Preuss, M Pang, JWL Withers, PJ Baxter, GJ AF Preuss, M Pang, JWL Withers, PJ Baxter, GJ TI Inertia welding nickel-based superalloy: Part I. Metallurgical characterization SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SUPERALLOY; HEAT-TREATMENT; GAMMA' PHASE; GRAIN-SIZE; MICROSTRUCTURE AB This article describes a quantitative study of the microstructure of nickel-based superalloy RRIOOO tube structures joined by inertia welding. One as-welded and three post weld heat-treated (PWHT) conditions have been investigated. The samples were characterized mechanically by measuring the hardness profiles and microstructurally in terms of gamma grain size, gamma' precipitate size and volume fraction, stored energy, and microtexture. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterize high-angle grain boundaries (HAGB) and the variation of microtexture across the weld line. The coherent gamma' precipitates were investigated over a range of scales on etched samples in a field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEGSEM), using carbon replicas in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and from thin slices by means of high-energy synchrotron X-rays. Dramatic changes in the microstructure were observed within 2 mm of the Weld line. In this region, the hardness profile is influenced by changes in grain size. gamma' volume fraction, gamma' particle size, and the Work stored in the material. Further away. the observed hardness variation is still significant although only minor microstructural changes could be observed. In this region, the correlation of microstructure and hardness is less straight forward. Here, a combination of small microstructural changes appears to give rise to a significant change in strength. No significant texture or grain distortion was observed in the extensively plastically deformed region due to recrystallization. C1 Univ Manchester, Manchester Mat Sci Ctr, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England. UMIST, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Rolls Royce PLC, Derby DE24 8BJ, England. RP Preuss, M (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Manchester Mat Sci Ctr, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England. RI Withers, Philip/A-6760-2009; Preuss, Michael/D-5847-2016 OI Preuss, Michael/0000-0003-3806-0415 NR 25 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 17 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 33 IS 10 BP 3215 EP 3225 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0307-y PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 602MG UT WOS:000178508600016 ER PT J AU Preuss, M Pang, JWL Withers, PJ Baxter, GJ AF Preuss, M Pang, JWL Withers, PJ Baxter, GJ TI Inertia welding nickel-based superalloy: Part II. Residual stress characterization SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The next generation of Ni-based alloys for aeroengines are richer in gamma' than existing alloys and are more difficult to weld by conventional means. Inertia welding is Currently being developed as a joining technique for these alloys. Steep microstructural gradients have been observed in nickel-based superalloy RR1000 tube structures welded by inertia friction welding, ([1]) and in this article, the concomitant residual stresses are mapped at depth using neutron diffraction. One tube in the as-welded and two in the postweld heat-treated (PWHT) condition have been investigated. In the case of the as-welded specimen, it was necessary to establish the variation of the stress-free lattice parameter, a(0), across the weld line to infer elastic strain from lattice spacing changes. A biaxial sin(2) psi measurement on thin slices was used to determine an as a function of the axial position from the weld line. This was in excellent agreement With the variation inferred by imposing a stress balance on the axial measurements. The change of a(0) across the weld line can be rationalized in terms of the observed variation in the element partitioning effect between the matrix (gamma) and the precipitates (gamma'). It was found that the residual stresses in the weld and heat-affected zone generated by the welding process are large, especially close to the inner diameter of the welded ring. The experimental results have shown that, in order to relax the residual stresses sufficiently, the heat-treatment temperature must be increased by 50 degreesC over the conventional heat-treatment temperature. This is due to the high gamma' content of RR1000. C1 Univ Manchester, Manchester Mat Sci Ctr, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England. UMIST, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Rolls Royce PLC, Derby DE24 8BJ, England. RP Preuss, M (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Manchester Mat Sci Ctr, Manchester M1 7HS, Lancs, England. RI Withers, Philip/A-6760-2009; Preuss, Michael/D-5847-2016 OI Preuss, Michael/0000-0003-3806-0415 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 19 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 33 IS 10 BP 3227 EP 3234 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0308-x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 602MG UT WOS:000178508600017 ER PT J AU Taylor, ST Mardinly, J O'Keefe, MA AF Taylor, ST Mardinly, J O'Keefe, MA TI HRTEM image simulations for the study of ultrathin gate oxides SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE defect analysis; gate oxides; HRTEM image simulations; metrology ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; SCATTERING; RESOLUTION AB We have performed high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image simulations to qualitatively assess the visibility of various structural defects in ultrathin gate oxides of MOSFET devices, and to quantitatively examine the accuracy of HRTEM in performing gate oxide metrology. Structural models contained crystalline defects embedded in an amorphous 16-Angstrom-thick gate oxide. Simulated images were calculated for structures viewed in cross section. Defect visibility was assessed as a function of specimen thickness and defect morphology, composition, size, and orientation. Defect morphologies included asperities lying on the substrate surface, as well as "bridging" defects connecting the substrate to the gate electrode. Measurements of gate oxide thickness extracted from simulated images were compared to actual dimensions in the model structure to assess TEM accuracy for metrology. The effects of specimen tilt, specimen thickness, objective lens defocus, and coefficient of spherical aberration (C-s) on measurement accuracy were explored for nominal 10-Angstrom gate oxide thickness. Results from this work suggest that accurate metrology of ultrathin gate oxides (i.e., limited to several percent error) is feasible on a consistent basis only by using a C-s-corrected microscope. However, fundamental limitations remain for characterizing defects in gate oxides using HRTEM, even with the new generation of C-s-corrected microscopes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Intel Corp, Dept Mat Technol, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sttaylor@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 412 EP 421 DI 10.1017/S1431927602020123 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 612CG UT WOS:000179056100004 PM 12533217 ER PT J AU Orr, S Vesselinov, V AF Orr, S Vesselinov, V TI Enhanced heap leaching - Part 2: applications SO MINING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB In "Enhanced heap leaching - Part 1: Insights" (Orr, 2002), different flow and transport phenomena that could significantly reduce leaching recovery were investigated. The combination of such understanding with advanced flow and transport modeling establishes the link between cause and effect, thereby, directing operators to optimal design and construction of new heaps. Modeling of flow and transport in heaps could also point to a unique change in application method or rate that would maximize leaching enhancement of an existing heap under existing situation and leaching history. The use of such a model is cost effective in that it can simulate multiple scenarios of alternative leaching enhancement methods. By simulating a large number of irrigation scenarios, such a model can point to the optimal and/or the most promising alternatives for a particular heap. The authors' simulations concentrate on the effects of changes in application rates and heap design on changes in flow paths and enhanced leaching recovery.' Based on such simulations, an intelligent control agent, such as Multiple Resolution Decision-Support System (MRDS) (Meystel and Albus, 2002), could build a new representation of the complex heap-leaching system. And, by learning from historical data and current information, it could provide optimal management of heap leaching and heap decommissioning. C1 MRDS Inc, Kennewick, WA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Orr, S (reprint author), MRDS Inc, Kennewick, WA USA. RI Vesselinov, Velimir/P-4724-2016 OI Vesselinov, Velimir/0000-0002-6222-0530 NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0026-5187 J9 MIN ENG-LITTLETON JI Mining Eng. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 54 IS 10 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA 605MP UT WOS:000178681900023 ER PT J AU Febbraio, M Guy, E Coburn, C Knapp, FF Beets, AL Abumrad, NA Silverstein, RL AF Febbraio, M Guy, E Coburn, C Knapp, FF Beets, AL Abumrad, NA Silverstein, RL TI The impact of overexpression and deficiency of fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fatty acid translocase; CD36; CD36 null; fatty acid uptake ID RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CD36 DEFICIENCY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; DIFFUSION MECHANISM; HYPERTENSIVE RATS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; CARDIAC MYOCYTES; BINDING PROTEIN AB Fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 has been associated with diverse normal and pathologic processes. These include scavenger receptor functions ( uptake of apoptotic cells and modified lipid), lipid metabolism and fatty acid transport, adhesion, angiogenesis, modulation of inflammation, transforming growth factor-beta activation, atherosclerosis, diabetes and cardiomyopathy. Although CD36 was identified more than 25 years ago, it is only with the advent of recent genetic technology that in vivo evidence has emerged for its physiologic and pathologic relevance. As these in vivo studies are expanded, we will gain further insight into the mechanism(s) by which CD36 transmits a cellular signal, and this will allow the design of specific therapeutics that impact on a particular function of CD36. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Physiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Febbraio, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Hematol & Oncol, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R29HL58559] NR 54 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 239 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1023/A:1020515210972 PG 5 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 600LG UT WOS:000178391200025 PM 12479585 ER PT J AU McGowan, KE Charles, PA AF McGowan, KE Charles, PA TI MACHO photometry of two Large Magellanic Cloud Be X-ray transients, EXO 0531-66 and H 0544-665 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; stars : individual : EXO 053-66; stars : individual : H 0544-665; X-rays : stars ID LONG-TERM VARIABILITY; SPACED DATA; A0535+26; A0538-66 AB Long-term variations are well-known in Be X-ray binaries, and are attributed to non-orbital changes in the structure of the Be circumstellar (equatorial) disc. However, the time-scales involved are so long (tens of days to years) that systematic studies have been very restricted. The similar to8-yr MACHO monitoring of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) therefore presents an ideal opportunity to undertake such studies of Be X-ray systems that lie within the monitored fields. Here we present MACHO observations of two LMC Be X-ray transients, EXO 0531-66 and H 0544-665, the light curves of which show substantial (similar to0.5 mag) long-term variations. However, our analysis shows little evidence for any periodic phenomena in the light curves of either source. We find an upper limit for detection of a short (1-100 d) periodicity in the V- and R-band light curves of EXO 0531-66 of 0.041 mag and 0.047 mag semi-amplitude, respectively. The upper limits for the V- and R-band data of H 0544-665 are 0.054 mag and 0.075 mag semi-amplitude, respectively. Both EXO 0531-66 and H 0544-665 become redder as they brighten, possibly due to variations in the structure of the equatorial disc around the Be star. Spectra of both sources show Halpha emission; for EXO 0531-66 we find the emission varies over time, thereby confirming its optical identification. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP McGowan, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 335 IS 4 BP 941 EP 947 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05675.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 598NZ UT WOS:000178284000014 ER PT J AU Willott, CJ Rawlings, S Blundell, KM Lacy, M Hill, GJ Scott, SE AF Willott, CJ Rawlings, S Blundell, KM Lacy, M Hill, GJ Scott, SE TI Optical spectroscopy of radio galaxies in the 7C Redshift Survey SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; radio continuum : galaxies ID SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; COMPLETE SAMPLES; 151 MHZ; IDENTIFICATIONS AB We present optical spectroscopy of all 49 radio galaxies in the 7C-I and 7C-II regions of the 7C Redshift Survey (7CRS). The low-frequency (151 MHz) selected 7CRS sample contains all sources with flux-densities S-151 > 0.5 Jy in three regions of the sky; 7C-I and 7C-II were chosen to overlap with the 5C 6 and 5C 7 surveys, respectively, and cover a total sky area of 0.013 sr. The sample has been completely identified and spectroscopy of the quasars and broad-lined radio galaxies has been presented previously by Willott et al. Only seven of the radio galaxies do not have redshift determinations from the spectroscopy, giving a redshift completeness for the sample of >90 per cent. The median redshift of the 7CRS is 1.1. We present a composite 0.2 < z < 0.8 7CRS radio galaxy spectrum and investigate the strengths of the 4000-Angstrom breaks in these radio galaxies. We find an anti-correlation between the 4000-Angstrom break strength and emission line luminosity, indicating that departures from old elliptical galaxy continuum shapes are most likely due to non-stellar emission associated with the active nucleus. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Willott, CJ (reprint author), Dominion Astrophys Observ, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, 5071 W Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 335 IS 4 BP 1120 EP 1132 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05718.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 598NZ UT WOS:000178284000032 ER PT J AU Pris, AD Porter, MD AF Pris, AD Porter, MD TI Creation of submicrometer structures using polymeric nanoparticle layers and photolithography SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; ARRAYS; FILMS; MULTILAYERS; MONOLAYERS; MICROWELLS; MOLECULES; COLLOIDS; SURFACE AB This letter describes a novel route for the facile construction of mechanically robust, submicron architectures. The method couples the layer-by-layer deposition of charged polymeric nanoparticles with photopatterning and thermal processing. The merits of the method are demonstrated by the fabrication and microscopic characterization of massively dense (similar to650 000 wells/cm(2)), ultrasmall volume (3-15 fL) well arrays. The well depth is controlled by the number of nanoparticle layers, with well depths as low as similar to4 nm obtained. The lateral dimensions of the wells, which were several microns, are defined by the photomask. Thermal processing not only further enhances the structural stability of the array but also dramatically reduces the depth of the wells. Potential applications of this preparative strategy are briefly discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, USDA, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, USDA, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1087 EP 1091 DI 10.1021/nl025704g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 604VG UT WOS:000178641300012 ER PT J AU He, RR Law, M Fan, R Kim, F Yang, PD AF He, RR Law, M Fan, R Kim, F Yang, PD TI Functional bimorph composite nanotapes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SILICON-CARBIDE; THIN-FILMS; NANOWIRES; GROWTH; FERROMAGNETISM; NANORODS AB Single-crystalline nanoribbons were used as substrates for the epitaxial growth of different functional thin films deposited by laser ablation techniques. This simple method yields highly crystalline bilayer nanotapes with sharp structural and compositional interfaces. As an example, Co0.05Ti0.95O2@SnO2 nanotapes are shown to be ferromagnetic at room temperature. These composite nanotapes, with their various possible functional hies, represent an important new class of nanoscale building blocks for optoelectronic applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Fan, Rong/B-1613-2014; OI Kim, Franklin/0000-0002-6548-6588 NR 17 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1109 EP 1112 DI 10.1021/nl0257216 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 604VG UT WOS:000178641300017 ER PT J AU Hu, DH Yu, J Padmanaban, G Ramakrishnan, S Barbara, PF AF Hu, DH Yu, J Padmanaban, G Ramakrishnan, S Barbara, PF TI Spatial confinement of exciton transfer and the role of conformational order in organic nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-ENERGY TRANSFER; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MEH-PPV; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOPHYSICS; MOLECULES; EXCITATIONS; OLIGOMERS AB Organic nanoparticles consisting of single conjugated polymer chains were investigated as a function of degree of conjugation by means of single-molecule spectroscopy. The degree of conjugation was synthetically controlled. For highly conjugated chains, singlet excitons are efficiently funneled over nanometer distances to a small number of sites. In contrast, chains with less conjugation and a high number of saturated bonds do not exhibit energy funneling due to a highly disordered conformation. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Nano & Mol Sci & Technol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Inorgan & Phys Chem, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Barbara, PF (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010 OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963 NR 28 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1121 EP 1124 DI 10.1021/nl015661o PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 604VG UT WOS:000178641300020 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, AK AF Chakraborty, AK TI Lighting up TCR takes advantage of serial triggering SO NATURE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION AB The complex interaction with APCs that is required for T cell activation is not well understood. A combination of experimental data and mathematical modeling provides insight into the competition between serial triggering and kinetic proofreading. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chakraborty, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1529-2908 J9 NAT IMMUNOL JI Nat. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 3 IS 10 BP 895 EP 896 DI 10.1038/ni1002-895 PG 2 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 597VU UT WOS:000178242100006 PM 12352963 ER PT J AU Coombs, D Kalergis, AM Nathenson, SG Wofsy, C Goldstein, B AF Coombs, D Kalergis, AM Nathenson, SG Wofsy, C Goldstein, B TI Activated TCRs remain marked for internalization after dissociation from pMHC SO NATURE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; DOWN-MODULATION; RECOGNITION; ENGAGEMENT; AFFINITY; COMPLEX; LIGANDS; ANTAGONIST; SELECTION; INTERFACE AB To assess the roles of serial engagement and kinetic proofreading in T cell receptor (TCR) internalization, we have developed a mathematical model of this process. Our determination of TCR down-regulation for an array of TCR mutants, interpreted in the context of the model, has provided new information about peptide-induced TCR internalization. The amount of TCR down-regulation increases to a maximum value and then declines as a function of the half-life of the bond between the TCR and peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). The model shows that this behavior, which reflects competition between serial engagement and kinetic proofreading, arises only if it is postulated that activated TCRs remain marked for internalization after dissociation from pMHC. The model also predicts that because of kinetic proofreading, the range of TCR-pMHC-binding half-lives required for T cell activation depends on the concentrations and localization of intracellular signaling molecules. We show here that kinetic proofreading provides an explanation for the different requirements for activation observed in naive and memory T cells. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Mol Genet & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Goldstein, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Coombs, Daniel/0000-0002-8038-6278 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM35556] NR 33 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1529-2908 J9 NAT IMMUNOL JI Nat. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 3 IS 10 BP 926 EP 931 DI 10.1038/ni838 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 597VU UT WOS:000178242100012 PM 12244312 ER PT J AU Thackeray, M AF Thackeray, M TI Lithium-ion batteries - An unexpected conductor SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item AB The discovery that the electronic conductivity of LiFePO4 can be increased by eight orders of magnitude may have a profound impact on the next generation of lithium-ion batteries. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thackeray, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 125 Z9 144 U1 8 U2 92 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 81 EP 82 DI 10.1038/nmat736 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LP UT WOS:000181498600009 PM 12618814 ER PT J AU De la Rubia, TD Gilmer, G AF De la Rubia, TD Gilmer, G TI Cluster nucleation - Watching nanoclusters nucleate SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item ID DIFFUSION; SILICON; SI; IMPLANTATION AB A transmission electron microscope capable of identifying individual atoms or defects in a crystal lattice has much to offer materials scientists. It has now been used to study the early stages of nanocluster nucleation and growth in semiconductors. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP De la Rubia, TD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-090, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 89 EP 90 DI 10.1038/nmat743 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LP UT WOS:000181498600013 ER PT J AU Yacoby, Y Sowwan, M Stern, E Cross, JO Brewe, D Pindak, R Pitney, J Dufresne, EM Clarke, R AF Yacoby, Y Sowwan, M Stern, E Cross, JO Brewe, D Pindak, R Pitney, J Dufresne, EM Clarke, R TI Direct determination of epitaxial interface structure in Gd2O3 passivation of GaAs SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RAY; FILMS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; REFLECTIVITY; GAAS(100); GROWTH C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, PNC, CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, CAT, MHATT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Clarke, R (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Dufresne, Eric/0000-0002-2077-4754; Sowwan, Mukhles/0000-0002-0211-2124 NR 17 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1038/nmat735 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LP UT WOS:000181498600017 PM 12618822 ER PT J AU Johnson, JC Choi, HJ Knutsen, KP Schaller, RD Yang, PD Saykally, RJ AF Johnson, JC Choi, HJ Knutsen, KP Schaller, RD Yang, PD Saykally, RJ TI Single gallium nitride nanowire lasers SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE NANOWIRES; ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; STIMULATED-EMISSION; CATALYTIC GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CAVITIES; SAPPHIRE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@cchem.berkeley.edu; saykally@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Choi, Heon-Jin/G-7450-2012 NR 29 TC 813 Z9 828 U1 28 U2 323 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1038/nmat728 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LP UT WOS:000181498600019 PM 12618824 ER PT J AU Tung, CS Joseph, S Sanbonmatsu, KY AF Tung, CS Joseph, S Sanbonmatsu, KY TI All-atom homology model of the Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunit SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RNA; PROTEIN; ACIDS AB Understanding the structural basis of ribosomal function requires close comparison between biochemical and structural data. Although a large amount of biochemical data are available for the Escherichia coli ribosome, the structure has not been solved to atomic resolution. Using a new RNA homology procedure, we have modeled the all-atom structure of the E. coli 30S ribosomal subunit. We find that the tertiary structure of the ribosome core, including the A-, P- and E-sites, is highly conserved. The hypervariable regions in our structure, which differ from the structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit from Thermus thermophilus, are consistent with the cryo-EM map of the E. coli ribosome. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Tung, CS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ct@lanl.gov NR 35 TC 36 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 10 BP 750 EP 755 DI 10.1038/nsb841 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 597VW UT WOS:000178242300011 PM 12244297 ER PT J AU Luce, TC Petty, CC Cordey, JG Balet, B Budny, R Greenwald, M Schachter, J AF Luce, TC Petty, CC Cordey, JG Balet, B Budny, R Greenwald, M Schachter, J TI Experimental validation of similarity in high-temperature plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article AB The scaling of energy transport with dimensionless parameters has been measured in high-temperature plasmas with the goals of guiding theory and predicting energy confinement in future fusion devices. Validation of this approach requires demonstration of similarity in plasmas with identical dimensionless parameters but very different physical parameters. Within measurement uncertainties, the heat diffusivities and global energy confinement exhibit similarity in high-confinement regimes on the DIII-D and JET tokamaks and in low-confinement regimes on the DIII-D and Alcator C-Mod tokamaks. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Luce, TC (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2002 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1193 EP 1196 AR PII S0029-5515(02)39876-4 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/10/303 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 611HV UT WOS:000179011400004 ER PT J AU Yavorskij, VA Darrow, D Goloborod'ko, VY Reznik, SN Holzmueller-Steinacker, U Gorelenkov, N Schoepf, K AF Yavorskij, VA Darrow, D Goloborod'ko, VY Reznik, SN Holzmueller-Steinacker, U Gorelenkov, N Schoepf, K TI Fast ion non-adiabaticity in spherical tokamaks SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PARTICLE MOTION AB Transport processes of fast ions in axisymmetric low-aspect-ratio spherical torus (ST) plasmas are investigated, which are induced by non-conservation of the magnetic moment mu. The reason for non-conservation of mu of fast ions in STs is the relatively large adiabaticity parameter E typically exceeding the value 0.1 (epsilon = ratio of ion gyroradius to the gradient scale, length of the magnetic field). Both analytical and numerical evaluations of the magnitude of non-adiabatic variations of mu are performed. Non-adiabaticity effects are shown to be most significant for fast ions for which the bounce oscillations are in resonance with the gyromotion, i.e. for ions with omega(B) -lomega(b) = 0, where omega(B) and omega(b) represent the bounce-averaged gyrofrequency and the bounce frequency, respectively, and I is an integer. The critical threshold of the adiabaticity parameter, epsilon(cr), to be exceeded for the transition to stochastic behaviour of fast ions in axisymmetric STs is inspected. Non-adiabatic variations of it are shown to lead to collisionless transformation of trapped orbits into circulating ones and vice versa. For the case of strong non-adiabaticity, epsilon > epsilon(cr), we assess the transport coefficients describing intense collisionless pitch angle diffusion, whereas, in the case of weak non-adiabaticity, epsilon < epsilon(cr), the more substantial coefficients of enhanced collisional radial diffusion and convection of fast ions gyrating resonantly with the bounce oscillations are estimated. C1 Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, EURATOM Assoc, OEAW, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Yavorskij, VA (reprint author), Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2002 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1210 EP 1215 AR PII S0029-5515(02)52165-7 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/10/306 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 611HV UT WOS:000179011400007 ER PT J AU Gorelenkov, NN Cheng, CZ AF Gorelenkov, NN Cheng, CZ TI On properties of compressional Alfven eigenmode instability driven by superAlfvenic ions SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID FAST MAGNETOACOUSTIC EIGENMODES; FUSION TEST REACTOR; CYCLOTRON EMISSION; SUPERTHERMAL RADIATION; TOKAMAK; PRODUCTS; JET; PLASMAS; MODES AB Properties of the instability of compressional Alfven eigenmodes (CAEs) in tokamak plasmas are studied in the cold plasma approximation with an emphasis on the instability driven by the energetic minority ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) ions. The goal of the paper is to address a long standing problem of CAE half proton cyclotron harmonic excitation observed in pure deuterium plasma basing on new observations from Joint European Torus. As an example we apply earlier developed theory (Gorelenkov N.N. and Cheng C.Z. 1995 Nucl. Fusion 35 1743) to compare two cases: ion cyclotron emission (ICE) driven by charged fusion products and ICRH minority-driven ICE (MICE) (Cottrell G.A. 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 2397) recently observed on JET. Particularly in MICE spectrum, only instabilities with even harmonics of deuterium cyclotron frequency at the low-field-side plasma edge were reported. Odd deuterium-cyclotron frequency harmonics of ICE spectrum with frequencies between the integer cyclotron harmonics of protons can be driven only via the Doppler shifted cyclotron wave-particle resonance of CAEs with fusion products, but are shown to be damped due to the electron Landau damping in experiments on MICE. Excitation of odd harmonics of MICE with high-field-side heating is predicted. Dependence of the MICE instability on the electron temperature is studied and is shown to be strong. Low electron beta is required to excite odd harmonics of MICE. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2002 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1216 EP 1220 AR PII S0029-5515(02)39847-8 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/10/307 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 611HV UT WOS:000179011400008 ER PT J AU Ghendrih, P Becoulet, M Colas, L Grosman, A Guirlet, R Gunn, J Loarer, T Azeroual, A Basiuk, V Beaumont, B Becoulet, A Beyer, P Bremond, S Bucalossi, J Capes, H Corre, Y Costanzo, L De Michelis, C Devynck, P Feron, S Friant, C Garbet, X Giannella, R Grisolia, C Hess, W Hogan, J Ladurelle, L Laugier, F Martin, G Mattioli, M Meslin, B Monier-Garbet, P Moulin, D Nguyen, F Pascal, JY Pecquet, AL Pegourie, B Reichle, R Saint-Laurent, R Vallet, JC Zabiego, M AF Ghendrih, P Becoulet, M Colas, L Grosman, A Guirlet, R Gunn, J Loarer, T Azeroual, A Basiuk, V Beaumont, B Becoulet, A Beyer, P Bremond, S Bucalossi, J Capes, H Corre, Y Costanzo, L De Michelis, C Devynck, P Feron, S Friant, C Garbet, X Giannella, R Grisolia, C Hess, W Hogan, J Ladurelle, L Laugier, F Martin, G Mattioli, M Meslin, B Monier-Garbet, P Moulin, D Nguyen, F Pascal, JY Pecquet, AL Pegourie, B Reichle, R Saint-Laurent, R Vallet, JC Zabiego, M CA Tore Supra Team TI Progress in ergodic divertor operation on Tore Supra SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Review ID APPLIED RESONANT FIELDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PUMP LIMITER; STOCHASTIC BOUNDARIES; MAGNETIC LIMITER; PARTICLE EXHAUST; VARIED GEOMETRY; HEAT-TRANSPORT; JET DIVERTORS; PLASMA AB Upgrade of the Tore Supra ergodic divertor (ED) has led to significant progress in ED physics. Pulse durations of 30 s with LHCD have been achieved demonstrating the heat exhaust capability of both the actively cooled technology at hand and of this specific divertor concept. The disruptive limit governed by the stochastization of the outer magnetic surfaces is found to occur for a value of the Chirikov parameter reaching two on the magnetic surface q = 2 + 3/12. This experimentally observed robustness allows one to operate at very low safety factor on the separatrix (q similar to 2). Numerical analysis of ballooning turbulence in a stochastic layer indicates that the decay of the density fluctuations is associated with an increase of the fluctuating electric drift velocity. This results in an enhanced cross-field transport in the vicinity of the target plates. This lowering of confinement appears to be compensated by an intrinsic transport barrier on the electron temperature. The three-dimensional response of the temperature field is computed with a fluid code. The code can recover the intrinsic transport barrier at the separatrix, reported experimentally, together with small amplitude temperature modulations in the divertor volume. Experimental evidence for the three density regimes (linear, high recycling and detachment) is reported. The low critical density values for transitions between these regimes indicate that similar parallel physics governs the axisymmetric and ED, despite the open configuration of the latter. Measurement and understanding of these density regimes provide a means for feedback control of plasma density and an improvement in ion cyclotron radiofrequency heating coupling scenarios. Experimental data also indicated that particle control with the vented target plates is effective. Increase of both impurity control and radiation efficiency are reviewed. Global power balance has been analysed in order to account for non-axisymmetric radiation. These results, taken together, confirm the large radiation capability of the ED. C1 EURATOM, CEA, DRFC, DSM,CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, LPIIM, Ctr St Jerome, F-13397 Marseille, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ghendrih, P (reprint author), EURATOM, CEA, DRFC, DSM,CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM Ghendrih@drfc.cad.cea.fr RI Artaud, Jean-Francois/G-8480-2011; ANIEL, Thierry/G-8734-2011; Artaud, Jean-Francois/J-2068-2012 OI ANIEL, Thierry/0000-0002-2598-9551; NR 108 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD OCT PY 2002 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1221 EP 1250 AR PII S0029-5515(02)39842-9 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/10/308 PG 30 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 611HV UT WOS:000179011400009 ER PT J AU Jackson, DJ Su, D Wickens, FJ AF Jackson, DJ Su, D Wickens, FJ TI Internal alignment of the SLD vertex detector using a matrix singular value decomposition technique SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE alignment; vertex detector; SVD ID PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM AB The tracking resolution and vertex finding capabilities of the SLD experiment depend upon a precise knowledge of the location and orientation of the 96 elements of the SLD pixel vertex detector (VXD3) in 3D space. At the heart of the deterministic procedure described here to align the 96 CCDs is the matrix inversion technique of singular value decomposition (SVD). This tool is employed to unfold the detector geometry corrections from the track hit residual data in the VXD3. The algorithm is adapted to perform an optimal chi(2) minimization by careful treatment of the errors and correlations in the residual measurements. The general form of the problems that might be solved with this technique is discussed. The tracking resolution obtained with the aligned geometry is compared with the starting point, based on an optical survey of the CCDs, and is shown to achieve the design performance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Jackson, DJ (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 491 IS 3 BP 351 EP 365 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01234-2 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01234-2 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 603FA UT WOS:000178547100001 ER PT J AU Boggs, SE Jean, P Slassi-Sennou, S Coburn, W Lin, RP Madden, NW McBride, S Pelling, RM Primbsch, JH von Ballmoos, P AF Boggs, SE Jean, P Slassi-Sennou, S Coburn, W Lin, RP Madden, NW McBride, S Pelling, RM Primbsch, JH von Ballmoos, P TI Balloon flight test of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) electronics and background model performance on the HIREGS payload SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE germanium; detectors; gamma ray ID GERMANIUM COAXIAL DETECTORS; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETERS; LABORATORY TESTS; RADIATION-DAMAGE; REDUCTION; SIMULATIONS AB We flew a prototype of the INTEGRAL/SPI PSD electronics with a narrow-bore coaxial Ge gamma-ray detector on the January 1998 Antarctic balloon flight of the HIREGS payload. The first goal for this test flight was to demonstrate the performance of the PSD electronics in a radiation background and space environment similar to that in which SPI will operate, which was successfully demonstrated. The second goal was to measure the fraction of the background due to localized beta(-)-decays, and to validate the model used to predict SPI's background and the sensitivity improvement due to the PSD background rejection. Our background measurements show good agreement with the models developed for SPI, and strongly support the expected improvement in sensitivity due to PSD on SPI. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Boggs, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015 OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 491 IS 3 BP 390 EP 401 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01228-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01228-7 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 603FA UT WOS:000178547100004 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Jiang, WL Hallen, A Possnert, G AF Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Jiang, WL Hallen, A Possnert, G TI Evolution and recrystallization of buried amorphous layers in A1(2)(2+) implanted 4H-SiC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; ion channeling; rutherford backscattering; ion implantation; amorphization; recrystallization ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; TEMPERATURE AB Epitaxial 4H-SiC has been irradiated at 150 K with 1.1 MeV Al-2(2+) molecular ions to fluences ranging from 1.5 x 10(13) to 8.00 x 10(14) Al+ cm(-2). The evolution and isochronal recovery of the buried amorphous layers at higher fluences were investigated by in situ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry using a 2.0 MeV He+ beam along the <0001> channeling direction. The damage accumulation at the damage peak in the as-implanted samples indicates a sigmoidal dependence on ion fluence, and a buried amorphous layer is formed at 2.00 x 10(14) Al+ cm(-2). The buried amorphous thickness increased rapidly at 2.00 x 10(14) Al+ cm(-2) and eventually saturated at a thickness of similar to500 nm at the highest fluence. The relative amount of recovery at any depth decreased with increasing ion fluence for temperatures up to 870 K, and once a thick buried amorphous layer is produced, recovery is only observed at the crystalline-amorphous interface. Defect annihilation processes are responsible for the slight recrystallization and sharpening of the damage profiles that are observed at these low annealing temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, Div Ion Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Microelect & IT, SE-16440 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, Div Ion Phys, Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD OCT PY 2002 VL 195 IS 3-4 BP 320 EP 328 AR PII S0168-583X(02)01136-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01136-9 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 609QB UT WOS:000178915500010 ER PT J AU Difilippo, FC AF Difilippo, FC TI Dead-time effects on counting statistics in subcritical nuclear systems SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The analysis of the fluctuations of signals coming from detectors in the vicinity of a subcritical assembly of fissile materials is commonly used for the control and safeguard of nuclear materials and might be used for the surveillance of an accelerator driven system. One of the stochastic techniques is the measurement of the probability distributions of counts in time intervals Deltat (gates); the departure of the ratio of the variance and the mean value with respect to 1 (the correlation) is directly related to the amount of fissile material and its subcriticality. The measurement of this correlation is affected by dead-time effects due to count losses because of the finite-time resolution of the detection system. We present a theory that allows (a) the calculation of the probability of losing n counts (P-(n)) in gate Deltat, (b) the definition of experimental conditions under which P-(2) << P-(1), and (c) a methodology to correct the measured correlation because of losing one count in any gate. The theory is applied to the analysis of experiments performed in a highly enriched subcritical assembly. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Difilippo, FC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 142 IS 2 BP 140 EP 149 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 598BN UT WOS:000178255400002 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, RK Hua, TQ AF Ahluwalia, RK Hua, TQ TI Electrotran sport of uranium from a liquid cadmium anode to a solid cathode SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spent nuclear fuels; electrometallurgical technology; EBR-II AB During anodic dissolution of irradiated binary Experimental Breeder Reactor-II fuel, a portion of the electrorefined uranium collects in the underlying cadmium pool. It is periodically recovered by setting up a cell configuration in which the pool is made the anode and uranium is electrodeposited on a solid cathode mandrel. A theoretical model is used to determine the current structure of the liquid cadmium anode. The model is validated by comparing against the measured composition of the cathode deposits. Multinodal simulations are conducted to explain the bell shape of deposits observed with this mode of electrotransport. The simulations also determine the dependence of collection efficiency on the electrical charge passed that is functionally consistent with the experimental data. Finally, a simplified operating map of the electrorefiner is presented that can be used to determine the conditions for growing cathode deposits of target composition. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahluwalia, RK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 140 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 601AM UT WOS:000178424000004 ER PT J AU Whitaker, S Fair, J AF Whitaker, S Fair, J TI The costs of immunological challenge to developing mountain chickadees, Poecile gambeli, in the wild SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SUCCESS; GROWTH; BIRDS AB The tradeoff between immunocompetence and development in avian species could have long-term consequences relating to fitness. This study investigated the developmental cost of mounting a humoral immune response in growing mountain chick-adees, Poecile gambeli. We immunologically challenged nestling chickadees using nonpathogenic antigens of either Newcastle disease virus vaccine or sheep red blood cells. Body mass, tarsal length, haematocrit, total plasma protein, and survival did not vary significantly between antigen treatment groups and control groups. Developmental stability was assessed using fluctuating asymmetry (FA) between the right and left ninth primary feather length. FA was increased significantly in the antigen-challenged birds. This result indicates that the up-regulation of the humoral immune response was developmentally costly to the nestlings by causing an increase in FA. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Whitaker, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 2002 VL 99 IS 1 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990116.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609BQ UT WOS:000178883100016 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Tortorelli, PF Walker, LR AF Brady, MP Tortorelli, PF Walker, LR TI Water vapor and oxygen/sulfur-impurity effects on oxidation and nitridation in single- and two-phase Cr-Nb alloys SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE Cr; Cr2Nb laves phase; sulfur; water vapor; oxidation; nitridation ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION; IN-SITU COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; ATMOSPHERES; CHROMIUM AB The oxidation and nitridation behavior of Cr(Nb) solid solution and Cr2Nb Laves phase was studied individually and in combination at 1100degreesC and 950degreesC in dry air, humid air, and N-2-4H(2) for alloys containing high or low levels of oxygen and sulfur impurities. At 1100degreesC, humid-air exposure of alloys in which the Cr2Nb phase was the matrix resulted in greatly increased subscale nitridation as compared with exposure in dry air. At 950degreesC, little difference between dry vs. humid-air exposures was observed; however, greatly increased subscale nitridation was observed in the Cr2Nb-matrix eutectic alloy when the levels of oxygen and sulfur impurities in the alloys were reduced. In contrast, unalloyed Cr and Cr(Nb) solid-solution alloys were relatively insensitive to water vapor or impurity oxygen/sulfur effects under the conditions studied, although the addition of Nb as a solute in Cr did increase the extent of subscale nitridation. Possible synergistic effects between sulfur impurities and water vapor in the Cr2Nb alloys and the possibility for similar effects in other intermetallic systems are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 318 AR UNSP 0030-770X/02/1000-0297/0 DI 10.1023/A:1020154620928 PG 22 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 592QK UT WOS:000177948200003 ER PT J AU Andrus, CFT Crowe, DE Romanek, CS AF Andrus, CFT Crowe, DE Romanek, CS TI Oxygen isotope record of the 1997-1998 El Nino in Peruvian sea catfish (Galeichthys peruvianus) otoliths SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE El Nino; ENSO; otolith; stable isotopes; Peru; Galeichthys peruvianus ID FISH OTOLITHS; ARAGONITIC OTOLITHS; GROWTH; AGE; FRACTIONATION; PERCIFORMES; CAPTURE; CLIMATE; MODEL; O-18 AB [1] Sagittal otoliths of the Peruvian sea catfish Galeichthys peruvianus were collected from the north coast of Peru during and after the 1997-1998 El Nino. The otoliths were analyzed via laser microprobe and micromilling techniques for oxygen isotope composition through ontogeny to document their use as an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) proxy. Results were compared to theoretical calculations for the delta(18)O of otolith aragonite using measured sea surface temperatures (SST) and delta(18)O values for local seawater assuming equilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation was achieved. All otoliths recorded the 1997-1998 El Nino event as well as seasonal temperature variations. These ENSO events were recorded in otolith aragonite as significant negative excursions in delta(18)O that reflected the increased temperature of local marine waters. The combined otolith data were used to create a 10-year SST record, including ENSO events and local seasonal temperature variation, validating the use of otolith delta(18)O as a temperature proxy. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Andrus, CFT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD OCT-NOV PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 AR 1053 DI 10.1029/2001PA000652 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 639XX UT WOS:000180656400005 ER PT J AU Shemesh, A Hodell, D Crosta, X Kanfoush, S Charles, C Guilderson, T AF Shemesh, A Hodell, D Crosta, X Kanfoush, S Charles, C Guilderson, T TI Sequence of events during the last deglaciation in Southern Ocean sediments and Antarctic ice cores SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE biogenic opal; stable isotopes; diatoms; IRD; last glacial; Southern Ocean ID GLACIAL-MAXIMUM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SEA-ICE; CLIMATE; CALIBRATION; TEMPERATURE; RECORDS; WATER; RECONSTRUCTION AB [1] The last glacial to interglacial transition was studied using down core records of stable isotopes in diatoms and foraminifera as well as surface water temperature, sea ice extent, and ice-rafted debris (IRD) concentrations from a piston core retrieved from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Sea ice is the first variable to change during the last deglaciation, followed by nutrient proxies and sea surface temperature. This sequence of events is independent of the age model adopted for the core. The comparison of the marine records to Antarctic ice CO2 variation depends on the age model as C-14 determinations cannot be obtained for the time interval of 29.5-14.5 ka. Assuming a constant sedimentation rate for this interval, our data suggest that sea ice and nutrient changes at about 19 ka B. P. lead the increase in atmospheric pCO(2) by approximately 2000 years. Our diatom-based sea ice record is in phase with the sodium record of the Vostok ice core, which is related to sea ice cover and similarly leads the increase in atmospheric CO2. If gas exchange played a major role in determining glacial to interglacial CO2 variations, then a delay mechanism of a few thousand years is needed to explain the observed sequence of events. Otherwise, the main cause of atmospheric pCO(2) change must be sought elsewhere, rather than in the Southern Ocean. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM aldo.shemesh@weizmann.ac.il NR 35 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD OCT-NOV PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 AR 1056 DI 10.1029/2000PA000599 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 639XX UT WOS:000180656400008 ER PT J AU Tretiak, S Saxena, A Martin, RL Bishop, AR AF Tretiak, S Saxena, A Martin, RL Bishop, AR TI Geometry relaxation of photoexcited states in conjugated molecules SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article DE excited state molecular dynamics; collective electronic oscillator method; conjugated and donor-acceptor molecules; self-localized exciton ID NONLINEAR POLARIZABILITIES; OPTICAL-EXCITATIONS; POLYMERS; DYNAMICS AB The random phase approximation combined with semiempirical Hamiltonians is applied to compute and analyze electronic structure and excited state adiabatic potentials of several conjugated molecules. Calculated excited state energies and parameters of molecular adiabatic surfaces characterize the coupled dynamics of vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom. The analysis identifies the specific torsional and bond-stretching nuclear motions that dominate the excited state relaxation and lead to self-localized excitations. This approach is an inexpensive and numerically efficient method of computing molecular excited state adiabatic surfaces and modeling femto-to-pico second time-dependent photoexcitation processes along chosen trajectories. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tretiak, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PD OCT-NOV PY 2002 VL 75 IS 7-8 BP 725 EP 732 DI 10.1080/01411590290033831 PN B PG 8 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA 632PC UT WOS:000180231000010 ER PT J AU Cavalleri, A Blome, C Forget, P Kieffer, JC Magnan, S Siders, CW Sokolowski-Tinten, K Squier, JA Toth, C Von der Linde, D AF Cavalleri, A Blome, C Forget, P Kieffer, JC Magnan, S Siders, CW Sokolowski-Tinten, K Squier, JA Toth, C Von der Linde, D TI Femtosecond X-ray studies of photoinduced structural phase transitions SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article DE ultrafast X-rays; solid-liquid phase transitions; solid-solid phase transitions ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; LASER; PULSES; DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION; GENERATION; VO2 AB We summarize recent advancements in the application of femtosecond X-ray scattering to experimental studies of photo-induced, structural phase transitions. Dynamic measurements of atomic rearrangement during solid-liquid and solid-solid transitions, as measured by ultrafast X-ray diffraction using plasma sources of line radiation are reported. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Inst Laser & Plasmaphys, D-4300 Essen, Germany. INRS Energie & Mat, Varennes, PQ, Canada. Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cavalleri, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus/A-5415-2015 NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PD OCT-NOV PY 2002 VL 75 IS 7-8 BP 769 EP 777 DI 10.1080/0141159021000008936 PN B PG 9 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA 632PC UT WOS:000180231000015 ER PT J AU Cooke, DW Bennett, BL McClellan, KJ Muenchausen, RE Tesmer, JR Wetteland, CJ AF Cooke, DW Bennett, BL McClellan, KJ Muenchausen, RE Tesmer, JR Wetteland, CJ TI Luminescence, emission spectra and hydrogen content of crystalline Lu2SiO5 : Ce3+ SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID SCINTILLATORS; LSO; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; OXYORTHOSILICATE; RESOLUTION; AFTERGLOW AB Thermally stimulated luminescence and emission spectra of cerium-doped Lu2SiO5 have been measured in the temperature interval 10 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 310 K. Eight glow peaks occur with the most intense peak exhibiting a maximum at 306 K. Data analyses show that the peaks generally obey first-order kinetics with thermal activation energies ranging from 0.085 to 0.907 eV. The relatively short lifetime (160 s) of the intense glow peak at 306 K implies that it does not make a significant contribution to the long-lived room-temperature afterglow routinely observed in this phosphor. Spectral emission of the glow peaks is dominated by Ce3+ de-excitation, although additional emission due to trace amounts of Sm3+ is observed for T < 72 K. Elastic recoil detection measurements in nominally undoped and cerium-doped Lu2SiO5 show that the doped specimen contains 3.5-4.0 times more hydrogen within the first 300 nm of the surface than does the undoped sample. However, spectral emission associated with surface hydrogen defects was not observed. Oxygen vacancies, which trap one or more electrons, are proposed as the most likely defect sites in Lu2SiO5. Perturbations of the six- and seven-oxygen-coordinated sites produce a multipeak glow curve with various activation energies and frequency factors. The glow peaks are intrinsic to the C2/c-structured lattice and are independent of the particular rare-earth dopant ion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooke, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 82 IS 15 BP 1659 EP 1670 DI 10.1080/13642810210166306 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 609AV UT WOS:000178881200003 ER PT J AU Shibauchi, T Krusin-Elbaum, L Li, M Maley, MP Kes, PH AF Shibauchi, T Krusin-Elbaum, L Li, M Maley, MP Kes, PH TI Closing the pseudogap in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y at high-magnetic fields SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2001) CY SEP 25-27, 2001 CL KOBE, JAPAN DE interlayer tunneling; negative magnetoresistance; Zeeman scaling ID INTERLAYER TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCONDUCTING GAP; DOPING DEPENDENCE; SPIN-GAP; TEMPERATURE; FLUCTUATION AB From the c-axis interlayer resistivity measurements in a field up to 60 T, we evaluate the pseudogap closing field H-pg at which the low-energy density of state is restored to its ungapped value. We find that H-pg becomes temperature independent at low temperatures, in contrast to the characteristic fields of the superconducting state. The Zeeman energy of H-pg is scaled by the pseudogap temperature, indicating a predominant role of spins over the orbital effects in the formation of the pseudogap. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Shibauchi, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. RI Shibauchi, Takasada/B-9349-2008 OI Shibauchi, Takasada/0000-0001-5831-4924 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 378 BP 65 EP 69 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01384-9 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01384-9 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617GX UT WOS:000179354900014 ER PT J AU Thompson, JR Ossandon, JG Krusin-Elbaum, L Kim, HJ Song, KJ Christen, DK Ullmann, JL AF Thompson, JR Ossandon, JG Krusin-Elbaum, L Kim, HJ Song, KJ Christen, DK Ullmann, JL TI Vortex pinning in high-T-c materials via randomly oriented columnar defects, created by GeV proton-induced fission fragments SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2001) CY SEP 25-27, 2001 CL KOBE, JAPAN DE random columnar defects; vortex pinning; magnetization; thallium cuprates (Tl2Ba2CaCu2Ox) ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITIES; 0.8 GEV PROTONS; REVERSIBLE MAGNETIZATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HEAVY-IONS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; IRRADIATION; ENHANCEMENT; TAPES; YBA2CU3O7-X AB Extensive work has shown that irradiation with 0.8 GeV protons can produce randomly oriented columnar defects (CDs) in a large number of HTS materials, specifically those cuprates containing Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, and similar heavy elements. Absorbing the incident proton causes the nucleus of these species to fission, and the recoiling fission fragments create amorphous tracks, i.e., CDs. The superconductive transition temperature T-c decreases linearly with proton fluence and we analyze how the rate depends on the family of superconductors. In a study of Tl-2212 materials, adding defects decreases the equilibrium magnetization Me-eq(H) significantly in magnitude and changes its field dependence; this result is modeled in terms of vortex pinning. Analysis of the irreversible magnetization and its time dependence shows marked increases in the persistent current density and effective pinning energy, and leads to an estimate for the elementary attempt time for vortex hopping, tau similar to 4 x 10(-9) s. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Talca, Dept Engn Sci, Curico, Chile. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thompson, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 378 BP 409 EP 415 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01460-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01460-0 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617GX UT WOS:000179354900086 ER PT J AU Tsukui, S Goretta, KC Routbort, JL Sin, A AF Tsukui, S Goretta, KC Routbort, JL Sin, A TI Measurement of oxygen diffusion in polycrystalline (Hg,Re)Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2001) CY SEP 25-27, 2001 CL KOBE, JAPAN DE oxygen diffusion; Hg-based superconductor ID TRACER DIFFUSION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; HG; PHASE AB Tracer diffusion of O-18 in polycrystalline Hg0.75Re0.25Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox (Hg,Re-1223) was measured at 450 degreesC. The Hg,Re-1223 ceramic superconductors were made in two steps: synthesis of a precursor ceramic by solid-state reaction of oxides and carbonates, followed by Hg incorporation by annealing at high temperature in a sealed quartz tube that contained the precursor and a mixture of HgO/Hg. The resulting Hg,Re-1223 ceramic appeared to be phase-pure when examined by X-ray diffraction, but scanning electron microscopy revealed second phases. Concentration profiles measured by secondary-ion mass spectrometry of O-18 included a region beneath the surface that could be fit to a solution of the diffusion equation to extract a volume diffusion coefficient. However, they also featured a long tail that did not decrease to the expected background concentration of O-18. The calculated diffusion coefficient was between 2.6 x 10(-15) and 2.3 x 10(-14) cm(2)/s. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Osaka Prefecture, Osaka 5998570, Japan. Pirelli Cavi & Sistemi SpA, I-20126 Milan, Italy. RP Routbort, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 378 BP 701 EP 706 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01525-3 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01525-3 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617GX UT WOS:000179354900148 ER PT J AU Balachandran, U Ma, B Li, A Fisher, BL Koritala, RE Erck, RA Dorris, SE AF Balachandran, U Ma, B Li, A Fisher, BL Koritala, RE Erck, RA Dorris, SE TI Inclined-substrate deposition of biaxially textured template for coated conductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2001) CY SEP 25-27, 2001 CL KOBE, JAPAN DE thin films; YBCO coated-conductors; MgO; inclined-substrate deposition ID BUFFER LAYERS; MAGNESIUM; MGO AB Inclined-substrate deposition (ISD) offers the potential for rapid production of high-quality biaxially textured buffer layers suitable for YBCO-coated conductors. We have grown biaxially textured MgO films by ISD at deposition rates of 20-100 Angstrom/s. Columnar grain structures with roof-tile-shaped surfaces were observed in these films. X-ray pole figure analysis revealed that the (0 0 2) plane of the ISD MgO films is tilted at an angle from the substrate normal. A small phi-scan full-width at half-maximum of approximate to9degrees was observed on MgO films deposited with an inclination angle of 55degrees. YBCO films were grown on ISD-MgO-buffered Hastelloy substrates by pulsed laser deposition. We obtained a critical current density of approximate to 2 x 10(5) A/cm(2) at 77 K in self-field on a sample that is 0.5 mum thick, 0.5 cm wide, and I cm long. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 378 BP 950 EP 954 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01575-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01575-7 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617GY UT WOS:000179355000013 ER PT J AU Paranthaman, MP Aytug, T Sathyamurthy, S Beach, DB Goyal, A Lee, DF Kang, BW Heatherly, L Specht, ED Leonard, KJ Christen, DK Kroeger, DM AF Paranthaman, MP Aytug, T Sathyamurthy, S Beach, DB Goyal, A Lee, DF Kang, BW Heatherly, L Specht, ED Leonard, KJ Christen, DK Kroeger, DM TI Bulk solution techniques to fabricate high Jc YBCO coated conductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2001) CY SEP 25-27, 2001 CL KOBE, JAPAN DE RABiTS; Ni-W substrates; solution layers; YBCO films; long lengths ID BUFFER LAYERS; GROWTH AB Low-cost, non-vacuum bulk solution technique has been developed to deposit epitaxial Gd2O3 and La2Zr2O7 (LZO) buffer layers directly onto both textured Ni and mechanically strengthened biaxially textured Ni-W(3 at.%)-Fe(1.7 at.%) (hereafter referred to as Ni-W) substrates. A reel-to-reel continuous dip-coating unit was used to produce meter lengths of highly textured, crack-free Gd2O3 and LZO buffers on Ni and Ni--W tapes. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis of the textured Ni-W substrates indicated the presence of sulfur segregation to the surface, which possibly facilitated the growth of solution seed layers directly on Ni-W substrates. On dip-coated seed layers, a reel-to-reel sputtering unit was used to deposit epitaxially 200 mn thick YSZ layers followed by 10 nm thick CeO2 to complete the RABiTS architecture. Pulsed laser deposition was used to grow YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films on these tapes in short lengths. YBCO films with J(c). values of 1.2 x 10(6) and 1.9 x 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K, were obtained on Gd2O3 and LZO buffered Ni-W substrates, respectively. YBCO films grown by ex situ BaF2 precursor process on 80 cm long, I cm wide CeO2/YSZ/Gd2O3/Ni tapes exhibited end-to-end J(c) of 6.25 x 10(5) A/cm(2) at 77 K and self-field. This demonstrates that the solution layers provide a very good crystallographic template for the growth of high current density YBCO films, with performance approaching that of vacuum-deposited seed layers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paranthaman, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Bldg 4500 S,MS-6100,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 378 BP 1009 EP 1012 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01563-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01563-0 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617GY UT WOS:000179355000025 ER PT J AU Suenaga, M AF Suenaga, M TI BaF2 processes for YBa2Cu3O7 conductors: promises and challenges SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2001) CY SEP 25-27, 2001 CL KOBE, JAPAN DE YBa2Cu3O7 conductors; nucleation and growth kinetics; BaF2 process ID THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; SRTIO3; GROWTH; TAPES; MGO AB The aspects of fabricating YBa2Cu3O7 conductors utilizing the so-called BaF2 processes are reviewed focusing on the advantages and the disadvantages of different methods of the processes. Then, the current understanding of the nucleation and growth mechanisms for YBa2Cu3O7 layers are summarized for those derived from precursor films deposited by an electron-beam-evaporation method. This will also point out the areas for which further development is required before the fabrication of technologically viable conductors becomes possible. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Suenaga, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Dept Mat Sci, POB 5000,Bldg 480,76 Cornell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 378 BP 1045 EP 1051 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01582-4 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01582-4 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617GY UT WOS:000179355000032 ER PT J AU Paranthaman, MP Christen, DK Christen, HM Thompson, JR Kerchner, HR Cantoni, C Zhai, HY AF Paranthaman, MP Christen, DK Christen, HM Thompson, JR Kerchner, HR Cantoni, C Zhai, HY TI Growth of high current density MgB2 films using ex-situ precursor approach SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS 2001) CY SEP 25-27, 2001 CL KOBE, JAPAN DE MgB2 films; Al2O3 substrates; E-beam evaporation; transport properties ID SUPERCONDUCTING THIN-FILMS; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE FILMS; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION AB Superconducting MgB2 films with T-c = 39.0 K were prepared using an ex-situ precursor approach. Precursor films of boron, similar to0.6 mum thick, were deposited onto Al2O3(1 0 2) substrates by electron beam evaporation; subsequent post-anneal at 890 degreesC in the presence of MgB2 and Mg metal produced highly crystalline MgB2 films. Detailed X-ray diffraction studies indicate that the film is polycrystalline with some degree of c-axis texture. A transport J(c) of over 4 x 10(6) A/cm(2) was obtained on MgB2 films at 25 K and self-field. The higher irreversibility fields, B-irr obtained from the transport measurements on MgB2 films indicate that there is some improvement in flux pinning at lower temperatures. The details of the film growth and transport property measurements are reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paranthaman, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Bldg 4500 S,MS-6100,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 378 BP 1252 EP 1255 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01744-6 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01744-6 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617GY UT WOS:000179355000072 ER PT J AU Davydov, VY Klochikhin, AA Emtsev, VV Bechstedt, F Mudryi, AV Haller, EE AF Davydov, VY Klochikhin, AA Emtsev, VV Bechstedt, F Mudryi, AV Haller, EE TI Reply to "Comment on 'Band Gap of InN and In-Rich InxGa1-xN Alloys (0.36 < x < 1)'" SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Byelarussian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State & Semicond Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. Univ Jena, Inst Festkorpertheorie & Theoret Opt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Davydov, VY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Polyteknicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Davydov, Valery/E-6060-2010 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 233 IS 3 BP R10 EP R11 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200210)233:33.0.CO;2-E PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 611GJ UT WOS:000179007800003 ER PT J AU Alexandrov, EB Balabas, MV Budker, D English, D Kimball, DF Li, CH Yashchuk, VV AF Alexandrov, EB Balabas, MV Budker, D English, D Kimball, DF Li, CH Yashchuk, VV TI Light-induced desorption of alkali-metal atoms from paraffin coating SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR MAGNETOOPTICAL ROTATION; INDUCED EJECTION; COATED CELLS; RELAXATION; GAS; MAGNETOMETERS; WIDTHS; VAPOR AB Observation of nonthermal, light-induced desorption of Cs and Rb atoms from paraffin coating is reported. Buffer-gas-free paraffin-coated cells containing Cs and Rb were exposed to laser light of various intensities and frequencies, and the change of the vapor densities as a function of time was investigated, Because atomic polarization relaxes very slowly in paraffin-coated cells (spin-relaxation times can be greater than or similar to 1 s), they are applied in a variety of precision measurements (e.g., magnetometry, discrete symmetry tests, etc.). Light-induced desorption may be useful in such measurements as a method to control atomic density without changing the temperature of the cell. C1 SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alexandrov, EB (reprint author), SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RI Balabas, Mikhail/A-5273-2012 OI Balabas, Mikhail/0000-0002-5383-7897 NR 47 TC 108 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 042903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.042903 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 619XF UT WOS:000179502200088 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Lopez, GV Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Lopez, GV Tsifrinovich, VI TI Teleportation in a nuclear spin quantum computer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We present a procedure for quantum teleportation in a nuclear spin quantum computer in which quantum logic gates are implemented by using selective electromagnetic pulses. A sequence of pulses is combined with single-spin measurements in the sigma(z) basis for fast transfer of information in a spin quantum computer. We simulated this procedure,for quantum teleportation in a nuclear spin chain with a large number (201) of spins. The systematic errors generated in the process of teleportation due to the non-resonant effects are analyzed in detail. We demonstrate that a "2 pik" method provides a significant reduction of errors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fis, Guadalajara 44420, Jalisco, Mexico. Polytech Inst New York, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 042312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.042312 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 619XF UT WOS:000179502200041 ER PT J AU Dziarmaga, J Sacha, K AF Dziarmaga, J Sacha, K TI Depletion of the dark soliton: The anomalous mode of the Bogoliubov theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GAS AB Quantum depletion from an atomic quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with a dark soliton is studied in a framework of the Bogoliubov theory. Depletion is dominated by an anomalous mode localized in a notch of the condensate wave function. Depletion in an anomalous mode requires a different treatment than depletion without anomalous modes. In particular, quantum depletion in the Bogoliubov vacuum of the anomalous mode is experimentally irrelevant. A dark soliton is initially prepared in a state with minimal depletion, which is not a stationary state of the Bogoliubov theory. The notch fills up with incoherent atoms depleted from the condensate. For realistic parameters the filling time can be as short as 10 ms. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dziarmaga, J (reprint author), Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Reymonta 4, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RI Sacha, Krzysztof/L-3086-2013 OI Sacha, Krzysztof/0000-0001-6463-0659 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 043620 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.043620 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 619XF UT WOS:000179502200128 ER PT J AU Dziarmaga, J Karkuszewski, ZP Sacha, K AF Dziarmaga, J Karkuszewski, ZP Sacha, K TI Quantum depletion of an excited condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; DARK SOLITONS; GAS; TRAP AB We analyze depletion of the dark soliton in a Bose-Einstein condensate in the limit of weak interaction between atoms. The condensate initially prepared in the excited dark soliton state is losing atoms because of spontaneous quantum depletion. These atoms are depleted from the soliton state into single-particle states with nonzero density in the notch of the soliton. As a result the image of the soliton is losing contrast. This quantum depletion mechanism is efficient even at zero temperature when a thermal cloud is absent. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Dziarmaga, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sacha, Krzysztof/L-3086-2013 OI Sacha, Krzysztof/0000-0001-6463-0659 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 043615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.043615 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 619XF UT WOS:000179502200123 ER PT J AU Krstic, PS AF Krstic, PS TI Inelastic processes from vibrationally excited states in slow H++H-2 and H+H-2(+) collisions: Excitations and charge transfer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL REACTIVE SCATTERING; ORDER SUDDEN APPROXIMATION; PLUS DIATOM SYSTEMS; PLASMA RECOMBINATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; H+; DIVERTOR; MOLECULE; SURFACE AB A comprehensive study is Presented of the scattering of protons on H-2(nu(i)) and of hydrogen atoms on H-2(+)(nu(i)), where nu(i) is any vibrationally excited state of the relevant molecules. Cross sections for charge transfer and excitation have been calculated in the range of center-of-mass energies 0.6-9.5 eV using a fully quantal, coupled-channel approach. An extensive vibrational basis seta defined in a large configuration space of the reactants, is used, including a large number of discretized vibrational continua. A detailed picture is produced of all inelastic processes that involve two lowest nonadiabatically coupled electronic surfaces of the H-3(+) molecule. The rotational dynamics of H-2 and H-2(+) are treated within the sudden approximation. The Cross sections obtained are compared with the sparse data available from literature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Krstic, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 53 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 042717 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.042717 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 619XF UT WOS:000179502200082 ER PT J AU Peele, AG Chantler, CT Paterson, D McMahon, PJ Irving, THK Lin, JJA Nugent, KA Brunton, AN McNulty, I AF Peele, AG Chantler, CT Paterson, D McMahon, PJ Irving, THK Lin, JJA Nugent, KA Brunton, AN McNulty, I TI Measurement of mass attenuation coefficients in air by application of detector linearity tests SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS SCATTERING FACTORS; MATCHED ION CHAMBERS; X-RAYS; MONITORING FLUCTUATIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; FORM-FACTORS; ABSORPTION; ATOMS AB Accurate knowledge of x-ray mass attenuation coefficients is essential for studies as diverse as atomic physics, materials science, and radiation safety. However, a significant discrepancy exists between theoretical tabulated results for air at soft x-ray energies. We outline a precision measurement of the mass attenuation coefficients for air at various energies using two types of detectors and a simple test of detector response. We discuss whether sufficient accuracy can be obtained using this data to distinguish between competing theoretical estimates. In the process, we investigate the intensity response of two common synchrotron x-ray detectors: an x ray to optical charge-coupled device camera using a crystal scintillator and an x-ray sensitive photodiode. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Xray Astron Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Peele, AG (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RI Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016 OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 042702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.042702 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 619XF UT WOS:000179502200067 ER PT J AU Persson, E Yoshida, S Tong, XM Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J AF Persson, E Yoshida, S Tong, XM Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J TI Quantum localization in the high-frequency limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID KICKED RYDBERG ATOM; EXCITED HYDROGEN-ATOMS; HALF-CYCLE PULSES; ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES; ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; MICROWAVE IONIZATION; STABILIZATION; RESONANCES; FIELDS; STATES AB The quantum localization of the periodically kicked Rydberg atom in the limit of high frequencies v is studied. We show that the quantum suppression of fast chaotic ionization as predicted by classical dynamics persists as Properties of localization in the regime of strong coupling to the continuum due to one-photon transitions are discussed. For the unidirectionally kicked atom, the high-frequency limit of localization is determined by the zero-frequency Stark Hamiltonian. The persistence of quantum localization due to interference of classical trajectories can be understood in terms of smearing out of the instabilities at finite h. Unstable trajectories whose action differs from each other and from Stark orbits in less than h contribute to quantum localization rather than to chaotic ionization. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Persson, E (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011 OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491 NR 48 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 043407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.043407 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 619XF UT WOS:000179502200097 ER PT J AU Safronova, UI Johnson, WR Safronova, MS Albritton, JR AF Safronova, UI Johnson, WR Safronova, MS Albritton, JR TI Relativistic many-body calculations of energies for core-excited states in sodiumlike ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-ELECTRON CAPTURE; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; NA-LIKE IONS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; SATELLITE SPECTRA; FE-XVII; COLLISIONS; TRANSITION; AUGER; N=3 AB Energies of 2s2(2)p(5)3131' and 2s2p(6)3131' states for sodiumlike ions with Z = 14-100 are evaluated to second order in relativistic many-body perturbation theory starting from a neonlike Dirac-Fock potential. Second-order Coulomb and Breit interactions are included. Correction for the frequency dependence of the Breit interaction is taken into account in the lowest order. The Lamb shift correction to energies is also included in the lowest order, Intrinsic particle-particle-hole contributions to energies are found to be 20-30 % of the sum of one- and two-body contributions. Comparisons are made with available experimental data. These calculations are presented as a theoretical benchmark for comparison with experiment and theory. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46566 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Safronova, UI (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, 225 Nieuwald Sci Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46566 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 042506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.042506 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 619XF UT WOS:000179502200063 ER PT J AU Sapirstein, J Cheng, KT AF Sapirstein, J Cheng, KT TI Calculation of the Lamb shift in neutral alkali metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SELF-ENERGY; LI-LIKE; VACUUM-POLARIZATION; IONS; LITHIUM; POTENTIALS; TRANSITION; ATOMS AB The one-loop Lamb shift is calculated for the ground state of the neutral alkali metals lithium through francium. The method used is Furry representation QED, defined in terms of a variety of local potentials. The method is exact in binding corrections, but is potential dependent, Significant differences with known Lamb shift results for lithium are found, and it is shown that large corrections result from a partial set of screening corrections. Comparison with other calculations is made. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sapirstein, J (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 042501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.042501 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 619XF UT WOS:000179502200058 ER PT J AU Zhang, HL Sampson, DH AF Zhang, HL Sampson, DH TI Resonance contributions to collision strengths for transitions between magnetic sublevels in highly charged ions by impact with an electron beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; HELIUM-LIKE; EXCITATION; POLARIZATION; RATES AB A fully relativistic approach is described for obtaining the resonance contribution to the cross sections for transitions between magnetic sublevels in highly charged ions due to impact with an electron beam. We derive the relativistic distorted-wave cross section for the ion in a lower N-electron magnetic sublevel to capture a directive electron and form a, doubly excited (N + 1)-electron magnetic sublevel. Also the autoionization rate from this magnetic sublevel to an N-electron magnetic sublevel is derived. The resonances are then treated as the two-step process of electron capture followed by autoionization to the final sublevel with the effects of autoionization to a different final level or radiative decay of the doubly excited sublevels included. These resonance contributions are added to the relativistic distorted-wave results for the "direct" contribution to give the complete cross section. Numerical results expressed in terms of the collision strengths are calculated and studied for He-like oxygen and iron and for Be-like oxygen. These are of interest for electron beam ion trap experiments and population alignment analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhang, HL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 042704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.042704 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 619XF UT WOS:000179502200069 ER PT J AU Avila, MA Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Avila, MA Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI Drastic annealing effects in transport properties of single crystals of the YbNi2B2C heavy fermion system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD AB We report temperature-dependent resistivity, specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and thermoelectric power measurements made on the heavy fermion system YbNi2B2C, for both as-grown and annealed single crystals. Our results demonstrate a significant variation in the temperature-dependent electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power between as-grown crystals and crystals that have undergone optimal (150 h, 950 degreesC) annealing, whereas the thermodynamic properties [c(p)(T) and chi(T)] remain almost unchanged. We interpret these results in terms of redistributions of local Kondo temperatures associated with ligandal disorder for a small (similar to1%) fraction of the Yb sites. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Avila, MA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Avila, Marcos/B-3578-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Avila, Marcos/0000-0002-3796-3244; NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 132504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.132504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900036 ER PT J AU Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP AF Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP TI Multiscale nature of hysteretic phenomena: Application to CoPt-type magnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETS AB We suggest a workable approach for the description of multiscale magnetization reversal phenomena in nanoscale magnets and apply it to CoPt-type alloys. We show that their hysteretic properties are governed by two effects originating at different length scales: a peculiar splitting of domain walls at twin boundaries and their strong pinning at antiphase boundaries. We emphasize that such multiscale nature of hysteretic phenomena is a generic feature of nanoscale magnetic materials. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Belashchenko, KD (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Belashchenko, Kirill/A-9744-2008 OI Belashchenko, Kirill/0000-0002-8518-1490 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 144402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.144402 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600048 ER PT J AU Blake, GR Chapon, L Radaelli, PG Argyriou, DN Gutmann, MJ Mitchell, JF AF Blake, GR Chapon, L Radaelli, PG Argyriou, DN Gutmann, MJ Mitchell, JF TI Structural and magnetic ordering in Pr-0.65(CaySr1-y)(0.35)MnO3: Quantum critical point versus phase segregation scenarios SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITION; COLOSSAL-MAGNETORESISTANCE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PEROVSKITE MANGANITES; POLARON FORMATION; DOPED MANGANITES; MNO6 OCTAHEDRA; LA1-XCAXMNO3; CHARGE; PR0.7CA0.3MNO3 AB The phase diagram of Pr-0.65(CaySr1-y)(0.35)MnO3, 0.6less than or equal toyless than or equal to0.8, has been determined by neutron diffraction, magnetization, and electrical conductivity measurements in order to investigate the nature of the transition between ferromagnetic metallic and charge-ordered insulating states near y=0.75. Two possible scenarios for this transition have been proposed: a "quantum-critical-point"-like feature, near which an associated charge-disordered paramagnetic phase is present, or a phase coexistence region. We demonstrate that the latter case is true, phase segregation occurring on a mesoscopic macroscopic length scale (several hundred angstroms to several microns). Our results show that no significant amount of the charge-disordered paramagnetic phase is present at low temperatures. Our data also indicate that the charge-ordered insulator to ferromagnetic metal phase boundary is temperature as well as composition dependent. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab CCLRC, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Rutherford Appleton Lab CCLRC, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011 OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 144412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.144412 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600058 ER PT J AU Blanter, YM Vinokur, VM AF Blanter, YM Vinokur, VM TI Correlation functions for an elastic string in a random potential: Instanton approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RANDOM IMPURITIES; DIRECTED POLYMER; FREE-ENERGY; SUPERCONDUCTORS; MECHANICS AB We develop an instanton technique for calculations of correlation functions characterizing statistical behavior of the elastic string in disordered media and apply the proposed approach to correlations of string free energies corresponding to different low-lying metastable positions. We find high-energy tails of correlation functions for the case of long-range disorder (the disorder correlation length well exceeds the characteristic distance between the sequential string positions) and short-range disorder, with the correlation length much smaller then the characteristic string displacements. The former case refers to energy distributions and correlations on the distances below the Larkin correlation length, while the latter describes correlations on the large spatial scales relevant for the creep dynamics. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. Delft Univ Technol, DIMES, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Blanter, YM (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 132101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.132101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900001 ER PT J AU Booth, CH Scheidt, EW Killer, U Weber, A Kehrein, S AF Booth, CH Scheidt, EW Killer, U Weber, A Kehrein, S TI Annealing, lattice disorder, and non-Fermi-liquid behavior in UCu4Pd SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GRIFFITHS PHASE; KONDO DISORDER; SYSTEMS AB The magnetic and electronic properties of non-Fermi-liquid UCu4Pd depend on annealing conditions. Local structural changes due to this annealing are reported from U L-III- and Pd K-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements. In particular, annealing decreases the fraction of Pd atoms on nominally Cu 16e sites and the U-Cu pair-distance distribution width. This study provides quantitative information on the amount of disorder in UCu4Pd and allows an assessment of its possible importance to the observed non-Fermi-liquid behavior. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany. RP Booth, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chbooth@lbl.gov RI Scheidt, Ernst-Wilhelm/D-5070-2009; Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 140402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.140402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600003 ER PT J AU Bulaevskii, LN Chudnovsky, EM Daumens, M AF Bulaevskii, LN Chudnovsky, EM Daumens, M TI Reply to "Comment on 'Ferromagnetic film on a superconducting substrate' " SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material AB The energy of the magnetic field has been overestimated in our original paper but the paper did not say that domains could shrink drastically due to the substrate. The maximal shrinkage of domains is by 18.35%, which is sufficiently large to be easily observed in experiment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, CPMOH, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Bulaevskii, LN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 136502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.136502 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900134 ER PT J AU Castellan, JP Gaulin, BD van Duijn, J Lewis, MJ Lumsden, MD Jin, R He, J Nagler, SE Mandrus, D AF Castellan, JP Gaulin, BD van Duijn, J Lewis, MJ Lumsden, MD Jin, R He, J Nagler, SE Mandrus, D TI Structural ordering and symmetry breaking in Cd2Re2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION; R2MO2O7; LIV2O4; PHASE; OXIDE AB Single-crystal x-ray-diffraction measurements have been carried out on Cd(2)Re(2)O(7)near and below the phase transition it exhibits at T(C')similar to195 K. Cd2Re2O7 was recently discovered as the first, and to date only, superconductor that displays the cubic pyrochlore structure at room temperature. Superlattice Bragg peaks show an apparently continuous structural transition at T-C', however, their behavior is unconventional. The evolution with temperature of these Bragg intensities show anomalously strong temperature dependence at low temperatures, where it falls off as I-0(1 - BT2), and resolution limited critical-like scattering is seen above T-C'. High-resolution measurements show that the high-temperature cubic Bragg peaks split on entering the low-temperature phase, indicating a (likely tetragonal) lowering of symmetry below T-C'. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Castellan, JP (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Castellan, John-Paul/D-1569-2009; Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012; OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660; van Duijn, Joost/0000-0003-2283-6477 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 134528 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134528 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900129 ER PT J AU Chang, S Pagliuso, PG Bao, W Gardner, JS Swainson, IP Sarrao, JL Nakotte, H AF Chang, S Pagliuso, PG Bao, W Gardner, JS Swainson, IP Sarrao, JL Nakotte, H TI Magnetic structure of antiferromagnetic NdRhIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-DIAGRAM; NDIN3; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CERHIN5; CECOIN5; IR; RH AB The magnetic structure of antiferromagnetic NdRhIn5 has been determined using neutron diffraction. It has a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure with a magnetic wave vector (1/2 0 1/2) below T-N=11 K. The staggered Nd moment at 1.6 K is 2.5(1)mu(B) aligned along the c axis. This magnetic structure is closely related to the low-temperature magnetic structure of the cubic parent compound NdIn3. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, DEQ, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Natl Res Council Canada, NPMR, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM schang@nmsu.edu RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 132417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.132417 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900031 ER PT J AU Escote, MT Meza, VA Jardim, RF Ben-Dor, L Torikachvili, MS Lacerda, AH AF Escote, MT Meza, VA Jardim, RF Ben-Dor, L Torikachvili, MS Lacerda, AH TI Upper critical field of the magnetic superconductor RuGd1.4Ce0.6Sr2Cu2O10-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SM2-XCEXCUO4-Y; RUSR2GDCU2O8; BEHAVIOR; HYDROGEN; CUPRATE AB We performed measurements of magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and magnetoresistance in magnetic fields of up to 18 T in the magnetic superconductor RuGd1.4Ce0.6Sr2Cu2O10-delta synthesized in oxygen pressures up to 95 atm. The magnetic-susceptibility data show the occurrence of an antiferromagnetic state below T(N)similar to175 K, followed by the development of a weak ferromagnetic state near T(M)similar to100 K, and followed further by the onset of superconductivity (SC) at T(c)similar to42 K. The electrical resistivity as a function of temperature shows an evolution from nonmetal-to-SC behavior in samples prepared in a flux of O-2 to a well defined metal-like behavior in samples prepared under 95 atm pressure of O-2. The electron-phonon coupling constant was calculated from transport data to be lambda(tr)similar to0.17, a value comparable with other cuprates, indicating weak electron-phonon coupling in these ruthenates. The values of the upper critical field H-c2 for the O-2 high-pressure treated samples were obtained from the magnetoresistivity data yielding H-c2(ab)(0)similar to39 T, and the out-of-plane superconducting coherence length xi(c)(0)similar to28 Angstrom. Based on the similarities between these ruthenates and the superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-delta, we estimated H-c2(c)(0)similar to8 T and xi(ab)(0)similar to140 Angstrom. We used these parameters to discuss the coexistence of long-range magnetic order and superconductivity on a microscopic scale on these materials. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Escote, MT (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM rjardim@if.usp.br RI Escote, Marcia/B-9053-2012; Jardim, Renato/J-8068-2014 OI Jardim, Renato/0000-0002-2000-0257 NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 144503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.144503 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600079 ER PT J AU Fang, CM Loong, CK de Wijs, GA de With, G AF Fang, CM Loong, CK de Wijs, GA de With, G TI Phonon spectrum of ZnAl2O4 spinel from inelastic neutron scattering and first-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ZINC ALUMINATE SPINEL; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CATION DISTRIBUTION; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TRANSITION; MGAL2O4; METALS AB The phonon spectrum of ZnAl2O4 spinel was investigated jointly by inelastic neutron-scattering and first-principles calculations. The results permit an assessment of important mechanical and thermodynamical properties such as the bulk modulus, elastic constants, lattice specific heat, vibration energy, and Debye temperature. The observed generalized phonon density of states shows a gapless spectrum extending to a cutoff energy of similar to840 cm(-1). The theoretical results reproduce all of the features of the phonon density of states. The calculated Raman-and infrared-active phonon frequencies agree well with the data in the literature. A comparison of the lattice dynamics of ZnAl2O4 and MgAl2O4 spinels was carried out using a simple rigid-ion model, which shows that the major difference in the phonon frequencies of the two materials can be accounted for by the mass effects between the Zn and Mg ions. C1 Eindhoven Univ Technol, Lab Solid State & Mat Chem, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fac Sci, Inst Mat Res, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Eindhoven Univ Technol, Lab Solid State & Mat Chem, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RI Fang, Chang Ming/E-9213-2013; de With, Gijsbertus/E-3235-2014; de Wijs, Gilles/F-9705-2015 NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 144301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.144301 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600043 ER PT J AU Gaididei, YB Saxena, A Lookman, T Bishop, AR Buttner, H AF Gaididei, YB Saxena, A Lookman, T Bishop, AR Buttner, H TI Chiral domain walls in frustrated magnetoelastic materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRIANGULAR-LATTICE; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; SOLITONS; MODEL AB We analyze domain walls on a two-dimensional triangular lattice with magnetoelastic coupling and find three phases: high symmetry (H) triangular, low symmetry rectangular, and spiral. The H-phase domains correspond to spin configurations of different chirality with local lattice rotation. We discuss the consequences of the interplay between chirality and magnetoelastic frustration, specifically how the latter is relieved. C1 Inst Theoret Phys, UA-252143 Kiev, Ukraine. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Inst Phys, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Gaididei, YB (reprint author), Inst Theoret Phys, UA-252143 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 140403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.140403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600004 ER PT J AU Gu, JY Caballero, JA Slater, RD Loloee, R Pratt, WP AF Gu, JY Caballero, JA Slater, RD Loloee, R Pratt, WP TI Direct measurement of quasiparticle evanescent waves in a dirty superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANDREEV REFLECTION; SPIN-ACCUMULATION; POINT-CONTACT; RESISTANCE; RELAXATION; POLARIZATION; JUNCTIONS; NIOBIUM AB We have used a perpendicular-current spin-polarization detector, in the form of a Permalloy-based exchange-biased spin valve, to measure the length scale for penetration of quasiparticles through superconducting-Nb thin films under diffusive transport conditions. In the low-temperature limit, this penetration length is similar to16 nm, comparable to the estimated "dirty-limit" zero-temperature coherence length of our Nb films. C1 Michigan State Univ, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Sensor Mat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Gu, JY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 140507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.140507 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600017 ER PT J AU Homes, CC Li, Q Fournier, P Greene, RL AF Homes, CC Li, Q Fournier, P Greene, RL TI Infrared optical properties of Pr2CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-FIELD EXCITATIONS; SPIN-PHONON INTERACTION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ND2CUO4; SPECTROSCOPY; CU; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ND1.85CE0.15CUO4; CONDUCTIVITY AB The a-b-plane reflectance of a Pr2CuO4 single crystal has been measured over a wide frequency range at a variety of temperatures, and the optical properties determined from a Kramers-Kronig analysis. Above approximate to250 K, the low-frequency conductivity increases quickly with temperature; rho(dc)approximate to1/sigma(1)(omega-->0) follows the form rho(dc)proportional toexp(E-a/k(B)T), where E(a)approximate to0.17 eV is much less than the inferred optical gap of approximate to1.2 eV. Transport measurements show that at low temperature the resistivity deviates from activated behavior and follows the form rho(dc)proportional toexp[(T-0/T)(1/4)], indicating that the dc transport in this material is due to variable-range hopping between localized states in the gap. The four infrared-active E-u modes dominate the infrared optical properties. Below approximate to200 K, a striking new feature appears near the low-frequency E-u mode, and there is an additional new fine structure at high frequency. A normal coordinate analysis has been performed and the detailed nature of the zone-center vibrations determined. Only the low-frequency E-u mode has a significant Pr-Cu interaction. Several possible mechanisms related to the antiferromagnetism in this material are proposed to explain the sudden appearance of this and other new spectral features at low temperature. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Homes, CC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 144511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.144511 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600087 ER PT J AU Jones, MD Albers, RC AF Jones, MD Albers, RC TI Block-diagonalization and f-electron effects in tight-binding theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; NOBLE-METALS; LINEAR COMBINATION; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; HIGH-PRESSURES; TRANSITION; URANIUM AB We extend a tight-binding total energy method to include f electrons, and apply it to the study of the structural and elastic properties of a range of elements from Be to U. We find that the tight-binding parameters are as accurate and transferable for f-electron systems as they are for d-electron systems. In both cases we have found it essential to take great care in constraining the fitting procedure by using a block-diagonalization procedure, which we describe in detail. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Computat Res, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM jonesm@ccr.buffalo.edu; rca@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 134105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134105 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900049 ER PT J AU Komelj, M Ederer, C Davenport, JW Fahnle, M AF Komelj, M Ederer, C Davenport, JW Fahnle, M TI From the bulk to monatomic wires: An ab initio study of magnetism in Co systems with various dimensionality SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ORBITAL POLARIZATION; TRANSITION-METALS; FE; ANISOTROPY; FIELDS; CHAINS AB A systematic ab initio study within the framework of the local-spin-density approximation including spin-orbit coupling and an orbital-polarization term is performed for the spin and orbital moments and for the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra in hcp Co, in a Pt supported and a free standing Co monolayer, and in a Pt supported and a free standing monatomic Co wire. When including the orbital-polarization term, the orbital moments increase drastically when going to lower dimensionality, and there is an increasing asymmetry between the L-2 and L-3 XMCD signals. It is shown that spin and orbital moments can be obtained with good accuracy from the XMCD spectra via the sum rules. The term of the spin sum rule is surprisingly small for the wires, and the reason for this is discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Komelj, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Ederer, Claude/F-5420-2010 NR 28 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 140407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.140407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600008 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Preston, DL AF Levitas, VI Preston, DL TI Three-dimensional Landau theory for multivariant stress-induced martensitic phase transformations. II. Multivariant phase transformations and stress space analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; FIELD MODEL; FERROELASTIC TRANSFORMATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NUCLEATION; PATTERN AB In this paper, the three-dimensional Landau model of austenite-martensite transformations constructed in Part I is generalized to include transformations between an arbitrary number of martensitic variants. The model can incorporate all temperature-dependent thermomechanical properties of both phases for arbitrary crystal symmetries, including higher-order elastic constants, and it correctly describes the characteristic features of stress-strain curves for shape-memory alloys and steels, namely, constant transformation strain tensors, constant or weakly temperature dependent stress hysteresis, and transformation at nonzero tangent moduli. Geometric representations of the conditions for phase equilibrium and phase transformations in six-dimensional stress space are developed. For the cubic-tetragonal phase transformation, equilibrium and transformation surfaces in three-dimensional stress space and the corresponding lines in the deviatoric-stress plane are found at various temperatures, and transformation processes are analyzed. All model parameters are obtained for the NiAl cubic-tetragonal phase transformation using the results of molecular dynamics simulations available in the literature. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM valery.levitas@coe.ttu.edu NR 27 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 134207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134207 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900059 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Preston, DL AF Levitas, VI Preston, DL TI Three-dimensional Landau theory for multivariant stress-induced martensitic phase transformations. I. Austenite <-> martensite SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY; FIELD MODEL; PSEUDOELASTICITY; SIMULATIONS; NUCLEATION; CRYSTALS; KINETICS; PATTERN AB A three-dimensional Landau theory of stress-induced martensitic phase transformations is presented. It describes transformations between austenite and martensitic variants and transformations between martensitic variants. The Landau free energy incorporates all temperature-dependent thermomechanical properties of both phases. The theory accounts for the principal features of martensitic transformations in shape memory alloys and steels, namely, stress-strain curves with constant transformation strain and constant, or weakly temperature dependent, stress hysteresis, as well as nonzero tangent elastic moduli at the phase transformation point. In part I, the austenite<---->martensite phase transformation is treated, while transformations between martensitic variants are considered in part II. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM valery.levitas@coe.ttu.edu NR 39 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 134206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134206 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900058 ER PT J AU Lu, G Bulatov, VV Kioussis, N AF Lu, G Bulatov, VV Kioussis, N TI Dislocation constriction and cross-slip: An ab initio study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PEIERLS-NABARRO MODEL; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; ALUMINUM; SILICON; METALS AB A model based on the Peierls framework of dislocations is developed. The theory allows the study of dislocations spreading at more than one slip planes. As an example, we study dislocation cross-slip and constriction processes in two contrasting fcc metals, Al and Ag. The energetic parameters entering the model are determined from ab initio calculations. We find that the screw dislocation in Al can cross-slip spontaneously in contrast with the screw dislocation in Ag, which splits into partials and cannot cross-slip without first being constricted. The response of the dislocations to an external stress is examined in detail. We determine the dislocation constriction energy and the critical stress for cross-slip, and from the latter, we estimate the cross-slip energy barrier for the straight screw dislocations. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RP Lu, G (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 144103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.144103 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600027 ER PT J AU Mook, HA Dai, PC Hayden, SM Hiess, A Lynn, JW Lee, SH Dogan, F AF Mook, HA Dai, PC Hayden, SM Hiess, A Lynn, JW Lee, SH Dogan, F TI Magnetic order in YBa2Cu3O6+x superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; PSEUDOGAP; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; RESONANCE; DENSITY; MOMENTS; METALS; PHASE; WATER AB Polarized and unpolarized neutron diffraction has been used to search for magnetic order in YBa2Cu3O6+x superconductors. Most of the measurements were made on a high quality crystal of YBa2Cu3O6.6. It is shown that this crystal has highly ordered ortho-II chain order, and a sharp superconducting transition. Inelastic scattering measurements display a very clean spin-gap and pseudogap with any intensity at 10 meV being 50 times smaller than the resonance intensity. The crystal shows a complicated magnetic order that appears to have three components. A magnetic phase is found at high temperatures that seems to stem from an impurity with a moment that is in the a-b plane, but disordered on the crystal lattice. A second ordering occurs near the pseudogap temperature that has a shorter correlation length than the high temperature phase and a moment direction that is at least partly along the c axis of the crystal. Its moment direction, temperature dependence, and Bragg intensities suggest that it may stem from orbital ordering of the d-density wave type. An additional intensity increase occurs below the superconducting transition. The magnetic intensity in these phases does not change noticeably in a 7 T magnetic field aligned approximately along the c axis. Searches for magnetic order in YBa2Cu3O7 show no signal while a small magnetic intensity is found in YBa2Cu3O6.45 that is consistent with the c axis directed magnetic order. The results are contrasted with other recent neutron measurements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mook, HA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hayden, Stephen/F-4162-2011; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Hayden, Stephen/0000-0002-3209-027X; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 NR 30 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 144513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.144513 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600089 ER PT J AU Morris, JR AF Morris, JR TI Complete mapping of the anisotropic free energy of the crystal-melt interface in Al SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DENDRITIC GROWTH; MOLECULAR THEORY; FLUID INTERFACE; SOLIDIFICATION; SYSTEMS; CU AB We have calculated the complete anisotropic crystal-melt interfacial free energy of aluminum, using molecular dynamics simulations of the interfaces in equilibrium. The interfacial free energy, gamma(n), can be expressed in terms of two anisotropic parameters, epsilon=1.2% and delta=-1.2%, as well as an average free energy of gamma(0)=149 mJ/m(2) in reasonable agreement with current experimental results. The expansion of the free energy in terms of these parameters is consistent with six different orientations, including the (111) interfacial plane, which is found to be rough despite its large stiffness. C1 Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Morris, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 29 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 144104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.144104 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600028 ER PT J AU Nelson, CS Hill, JP Gibbs, D Yakhou, F Livet, F Tomioka, Y Kimura, T Tokura, Y AF Nelson, CS Hill, JP Gibbs, D Yakhou, F Livet, F Tomioka, Y Kimura, T Tokura, Y TI Coherent x-ray scattering from manganite charge and orbital domains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; DOPED MANGANITES; DYNAMICS; STATES AB We report coherent x-ray scattering studies of charge and orbital domains in manganite systems. The experiments were carried out on LaMnO3 and Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3, with the incident photon energy tuned near the Mn K edge. At room temperature, the orbital speckle pattern of LaMnO3 was observed to be constant over a timescale of at least minutes, which is indicative of static orbital domains on this timescale. For Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3, both charge and orbital speckle patterns were observed. The observation of the latter rules out the presence of fast orbital fluctuations, while long-time series data-on the order of several minutes-were suggestive of slow dynamic behavior. In contrast, the charge order speckle patterns were static. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Ecole Natl Super Electrochim & Electrome Grenoble, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, LTPCM, CNRS,UMR 5614, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. AIST, CERC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Nelson, CS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, NRL SRC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hill, John/F-6549-2011; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 134412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134412 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900077 ER PT J AU Roshchin, IV Abeyta, AC Greene, LH Tanzer, TA Dorsten, JF Bohn, PW Han, SW Miceli, PF Klem, JF AF Roshchin, IV Abeyta, AC Greene, LH Tanzer, TA Dorsten, JF Bohn, PW Han, SW Miceli, PF Klem, JF TI Observation of the superconducting proximity effect in Nb/InAs and NbNx/InAs by Raman scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; OPTICAL-DETECTION; NIOBIUM; GAAS AB High-quality thin Nb and NbN films (60-100 Angstrom) are grown on (100) n(+)-InAs (n = 10(19) cm(-3)) substrates by dc-magnetron sputter deposition. Studies of the electronic properties of interfaces between the superconductor and the semiconductor are done by Raman scattering measurements. The superconducting proximity effect at superconductor-semiconductor interfaces is observed through its impact on inelastic light scattering intensities originating from the near-interface region of InAs. The InAs longitudinal optical phonon LO mode (237 cm(-1)) and the plasmon-phonon coupled modes L- (221 cm(-1)) and L+ (1100 to 1350 cm(-1)), for n(+) =1 x 10(19)-2 x 10(19) cm(-3) are measured. The intensity ratio of the LO mode (associated with the near-surface charge accumulation region, in InAs) to that of the L- mode (associated with bulk InAs), is observed to increase by up to 40% below the superconducting transition temperature. This temperature-dependent change in light scattering properties is only observed with high quality superconducting films and when the superconductor and the semiconductor are in good electrical contact. A few possible mechanisms of the observed effect are proposed. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roshchin, IV (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, 9500 Gillman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Roshchin, Igor/I-5162-2012 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 134530 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134530 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900131 ER PT J AU Seppala, ET Pulkkinen, AM Alava, MJ AF Seppala, ET Pulkkinen, AM Alava, MJ TI Percolation in three-dimensional random field Ising magnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATES; MODEL; SYSTEMS; CLUSTERS; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; UNIVERSALITY; PROBABILITY; BEHAVIOR; POINT AB The structure of the three-dimensional (3D) random field Ising magnet is studied by ground-state calculations. We investigate the percolation of the minority-spin orientation in the paramagnetic phase above the bulk phase transition, located at [Delta/J](c)similar or equal to2.27, where Delta is the standard deviation of the Gaussian random fields (J=1). With an external field H there is a disorder-strength-dependent critical field +/-H-c(Delta) for the down (or up) spin spanning. The percolation transition is in the standard percolation universality class. H(c)similar to(Delta-Delta(p))(delta), where Delta(p)=2.43+/-0.01 and delta=1.31+/-0.03, implying a critical line for Delta(c)0 AB The phenomenally large enhancement in conductivity observed when Li-doped MgO crystals are oxidized at elevated temperatures was investigated by dc and ac electrical measurements in the temperature interval 250-673 K. The concentration of [Li](0) centers (substitutional Li+ ions each with a trapped hole) resulting from oxidation was monitored by optical absorption measurements. At low electric fields, dc measurements reveal blocking contacts. At high fields, the I-V characteristic is similar to that of a diode connected in series with the bulk resistance of the sample. Low-voltage ac measurements show that the equivalent circuit for the sample consists of the bulk resistance in series with the junction capacitance connected in parallel with a capacitance, which represents the dielectric constant of the sample. Both dc and ac experiments provide consistent values for the bulk resistance. The electrical conductivity of oxidized MgO:Li crystals increases linearly with the concentration of [Li](0) centers. The conductivity is thermally activated with an activation energy of (0.70+/-0.02) eV, which is independent of the [Li](0) content. The standard semiconducting mechanism satisfactorily explains these results. Free holes are the main contribution to band conduction as they are released from the [Li](0)-acceptor centers. In as-grown MgO:Li crystals (without [Li](0) centers) the electrical current increases with time as [Li](0) centers are being formed. When ample [Li](0) centers are formed, an activation energy of 0.7 eV was observed. At sufficiently high current, Joule heating thermally destroys the [Li](0) centers. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. US DOE, Div Mat Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, SC 13, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Tardio, MM (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. RI Ramirez Jimenez, Rafael/I-1769-2015 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 134202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134202 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900054 ER PT J AU Tu, JJ Homes, CC Gu, GD Basov, DN Strongin, M AF Tu, JJ Homes, CC Gu, GD Basov, DN Strongin, M TI Optical studies of charge dynamics in optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; PSEUDOGAP STATE; ANISOTROPY; SCATTERING; YBA2CU3O6.95; EXCITATIONS; REFLECTANCE; DEPENDENCE AB Systematic temperature-dependent optical studies of optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (OP Bi2212) single crystals have been carried out. An electron-boson spectral function peaked at 43 meV is derived in the normal state at 100 K, indicating that the most significant spectral feature in OP Bi2212 is a resonance at 43 meV. The optical data below T-c show that this boson is directly involved in the pair formation in OP Bi2212. Origins of the 43 meV mode are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Tu, JJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 28 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 14 AR 144514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.144514 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612MT UT WOS:000179080600090 ER PT J AU Varela, M Arias, D Sefrioui, Z Leon, C Ballesteros, C Pennycook, SJ Santamaria, J AF Varela, M Arias, D Sefrioui, Z Leon, C Ballesteros, C Pennycook, SJ Santamaria, J TI Direct correlation between T-c and CuO2 bilayer spacing in YBa2Cu3O7-x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; CHARGE-TRANSFER; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; THIN-FILMS; SUPERLATTICES; PRESSURE; DEPENDENCE; LAYERS; ORIGIN AB We report the effects of epitaxial strain and deoxygenation on high quality [YBa2Cu3O7-x(YBCO)(N)/PrBa2Cu3O7(PBCO)(5)](1000 Angstrom) superlattices, with 1 < N < 12 unit cells. High-spatial-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy shows that strained, fully oxygenated YBCO layers are underdoped. Irrespective of whether underdoping is induced by strain or deoxygenation, x-ray diffraction analysis shows that T-c correlates directly with separation of the CuO2 bilayers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Complutense, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. RP Varela, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016; Sefrioui, Zouhair/C-2728-2017 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686; Sefrioui, Zouhair/0000-0002-6703-3339 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 13 AR 134517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.134517 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 612HG UT WOS:000179067900118 ER PT J AU Adam, J Gross, F Jeschonnek, S Ulmer, P Van Orden, JW AF Adam, J Gross, F Jeschonnek, S Ulmer, P Van Orden, JW TI Covariant description of inelastic electron-deuteron scattering: Predictions of the relativistic impulse approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTION; DELTA-RESONANCE REGION; POLARIZATION OBSERVABLES; RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; D(E,E'P)N REACTION; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; SPIN OBSERVABLES; GENERAL FORMULAS; LINEAR RELATIONS; NUCLEAR CURRENT AB Using the covariant spectator theory and the transversity formalism, the unpolarized, coincidence cross section for deuteron electrodisintegration, d(e,e'p)n, is studied. The relativistic kinematics are reviewed, and simple theoretical formulas for the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) are derived and discussed. Numerical predictions for the scattering in the high Q(2) region obtained from the RIA and five other approximations are presented and compared. We conclude that measurements of the unpolarized coincidence cross section and the asymmetry A(phi), to an accuracy that will distinguish between different theoretical models, is feasible over most of the wide kinematic range accessible at Jefferson Lab. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Lima, OH 45804 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Adam, J (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Adam, Jiri/G-9785-2014 NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044003 PG 35 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500011 ER PT J AU Appelbe, DE Twin, PJ Beausang, CW Cullen, DM Curien, D Duchene, G Erturk, S Finck, C Haas, B Paul, ES Radford, DC Rigollet, C Smith, MB Stezowski, O Waddington, JC Wilson, AN AF Appelbe, DE Twin, PJ Beausang, CW Cullen, DM Curien, D Duchene, G Erturk, S Finck, C Haas, B Paul, ES Radford, DC Rigollet, C Smith, MB Stezowski, O Waddington, JC Wilson, AN TI Evidence for triaxial deformation near N=86: Collective bands in Dy-152,Dy-153 and Ho-153 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SUPERDEFORMED DY-152 NUCLEUS; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; HIGH-SPIN; COINCIDENCE DATA; COEXISTENCE; LINE; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMATICS; DETECTORS; SEARCH AB The N=86,87 isotopes of dysprosium and holmium have been investigated using the Eurogam II gamma-ray spectrometer. A new collective rotational band has been observed in Ho-153 and the previously observed nui(13/2) band in Dy-153 has been extended to much higher spin. Comparing these bands and similar bands in Dy-152 with the collective bands in the N=90 isotopes of Dy, Ho, and Er suggests that the first h(11/2) proton crossing is not observed at N=86,87. This observation has led to the reinterpretation of four of the previously observed bands in Dy-152. It is proposed that the low deformation collective bands in Dy-152,Dy-153 and Ho-153 are associated with a triaxial shape with large positive gamma and that they have a similar origin to the recently observed triaxial superdeformed bands in Lu163-165. C1 SERC, Daresbury Lab, CLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Appelbe, DE (reprint author), SERC, Daresbury Lab, CLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RI CURIEN, Dominique/B-6718-2013; radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044305 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500023 ER PT J AU Bearden, IG Boggild, H Boissevain, J Christiansen, PHL Conin, L Dodd, J Erazmus, B Esumi, S Fabjan, CW Ferenc, D Fields, DE Franz, A Gaardhoje, JJ Hamelin, M Hansen, AG Hansen, O Hardtke, D van Hecke, H Holzer, EB Humanic, TJ Hummel, P Jacak, BV Kaimi, K Kaneta, M Kohama, T Kopytine, M Leltchouk, M Ljubicic, A Lorstad, B Maeda, N Malina, R Martin, L Medvedev, A Murray, M Ohnishi, H Paic, G Pandey, SU Piuz, F Pluta, J Polychronakos, V Potekhin, M Poulard, G Reichhold, D Sakaguchi, A Schmidt-Sorensen, J Simon-Gillo, J Sondheim, W Spegel, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Willis, WJ Wolf, KL Xu, N Zachary, DS AF Bearden, IG Boggild, H Boissevain, J Christiansen, PHL Conin, L Dodd, J Erazmus, B Esumi, S Fabjan, CW Ferenc, D Fields, DE Franz, A Gaardhoje, JJ Hamelin, M Hansen, AG Hansen, O Hardtke, D van Hecke, H Holzer, EB Humanic, TJ Hummel, P Jacak, BV Kaimi, K Kaneta, M Kohama, T Kopytine, M Leltchouk, M Ljubicic, A Lorstad, B Maeda, N Malina, R Martin, L Medvedev, A Murray, M Ohnishi, H Paic, G Pandey, SU Piuz, F Pluta, J Polychronakos, V Potekhin, M Poulard, G Reichhold, D Sakaguchi, A Schmidt-Sorensen, J Simon-Gillo, J Sondheim, W Spegel, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Willis, WJ Wolf, KL Xu, N Zachary, DS CA NA44 Collaboration TI Particle production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158A GeV/c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; SULFUR-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; STRANGENESS PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM; PROTON-NUCLEUS; MULTIPLICITIES; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENHANCEMENT AB The NA44 experiment has measured single-particle inclusive spectra for charged pions, kaons, and protons as a function of transverse mass near midrapidity in 158A GeV/c Pb+Pb collisions. From the particle mass dependence of the observed m(T) distributions, we are able to deduce a value of about 120 MeV for the temperature at thermal freeze-out. From the observed ratios of the rapidity densities, we find values of the chemical potentials for light and strange quarks and a chemical freeze-out temperature of approximately 140 MeV. C1 Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Nucl Phys Lab Nantes, F-44072 Nantes, France. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Lund Univ, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bearden, IG (reprint author), Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; OI Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Christiansen, Peter/0000-0001-7066-3473; Gaardhoje, Jens-Jorgen/0000-0001-6122-4698 NR 34 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044907 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500063 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ Langanke, K Sampaio, JM AF Dean, DJ Langanke, K Sampaio, JM TI Temperature dependence of the symmetry energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; WEAK-INTERACTION RATES; NUCLEAR SHELL-MODEL; MONTE-CARLO METHODS; STELLAR COLLAPSE; IRON REGION; EQUATION; MATTER; STATE; ENVIRONMENTS AB We perform large-scale shell model Monte Carlo (SMMC) calculations for many nuclei in the mass range A=56-65 in the complete pfg(9/2)d(5/2) model space using an effective quadrupole-quadrupole+pairing residual interaction. Our calculations are performed at finite temperatures between T=0.33 and 2 MeV. Our main focus is the temperature dependence of the symmetry energy which we determine from the energy differences between various isobaric pairs with the same pairing structure and at different temperatures. Our SMMC studies are consistent with an increase of the symmetry energy with temperature. We also investigate possible consequences for core-collapse supernova events. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Aarhus Univ, Inst Fys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sampaio, Jorge/M-4750-2013 OI Sampaio, Jorge/0000-0003-4359-493X NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 045802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.045802 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500074 ER PT J AU Esbensen, H Bertsch, GF AF Esbensen, H Bertsch, GF TI Dynamic polarization in the Coulomb dissociation of B-8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR; BREAKUP AB The Coulomb dissociation of B-8 on high-Z targets can be described by first-order perturbation theory at high beam energies but the far-field approximation, which is commonly used, becomes inaccurate at impact parameters less than similar to25 fm. The leading-order correction at lower beam energies is a dynamic polarization effect, which reduces the dissociation probability. The relative significance of the effect scales roughly as Z/E in terms of the target charge Z and beam energy E. The reduction due to a destructive Coulomb-nuclear interference, on the other hand, is rather modest. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Esbensen, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044609 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500046 ER PT J AU Garrow, K McKee, D Ahmidouch, A Armstrong, CS Arrington, J Asaturyan, R Avery, S Baker, OK Beck, DH Blok, HP Bochna, CW Boeglin, W Bosted, P Bouwhuis, M Breuer, H Brown, DS Bruell, A Carlini, RD Chant, NS Cochran, A Cole, L Danagoulian, S Day, DB Dunne, J Dutta, D Ent, R Fenker, HC Fox, B Gan, L Gaskell, D Gasparian, A Gao, H Geesaman, DF Gilman, R Gueye, PLJ Harvey, M Holt, RJ Jiang, X Keppel, CE Kinney, E Liang, Y Lorenzon, W Lung, A Mack, DJ Markowitz, P Martin, JW McIlhany, K Meekins, D Miller, MA Milner, RG Mitchell, JH Mkrtchyan, H Mueller, BA Nathan, A Niculescu, G Niculescu, I O'Neill, TG Papavassiliou, V Pate, S Piercey, RB Potterveld, D Ransome, RD Reinhold, J Rollinde, E Roos, P Sarty, AJ Sawafta, R Schulte, EC Segbefia, E Smith, C Stepanyan, S Strauch, S Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Tieulent, R Uzzle, A Vulcan, WF Wood, SA Xiong, F Yuan, L Zeier, M Zihlmann, B Ziskin, V AF Garrow, K McKee, D Ahmidouch, A Armstrong, CS Arrington, J Asaturyan, R Avery, S Baker, OK Beck, DH Blok, HP Bochna, CW Boeglin, W Bosted, P Bouwhuis, M Breuer, H Brown, DS Bruell, A Carlini, RD Chant, NS Cochran, A Cole, L Danagoulian, S Day, DB Dunne, J Dutta, D Ent, R Fenker, HC Fox, B Gan, L Gaskell, D Gasparian, A Gao, H Geesaman, DF Gilman, R Gueye, PLJ Harvey, M Holt, RJ Jiang, X Keppel, CE Kinney, E Liang, Y Lorenzon, W Lung, A Mack, DJ Markowitz, P Martin, JW McIlhany, K Meekins, D Miller, MA Milner, RG Mitchell, JH Mkrtchyan, H Mueller, BA Nathan, A Niculescu, G Niculescu, I O'Neill, TG Papavassiliou, V Pate, S Piercey, RB Potterveld, D Ransome, RD Reinhold, J Rollinde, E Roos, P Sarty, AJ Sawafta, R Schulte, EC Segbefia, E Smith, C Stepanyan, S Strauch, S Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Tieulent, R Uzzle, A Vulcan, WF Wood, SA Xiong, F Yuan, L Zeier, M Zihlmann, B Ziskin, V TI Nuclear transparency from quasielastic A (e,e(')p) reactions up to Q(2)=8.1 (GeV/c)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LARGE MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; COLOR-TRANSPARENCY; E,E'P REACTIONS; DENSITY-DISTRIBUTION; C-12(E,E'P) REACTION; PROTON PROPAGATION; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; EXCLUSIVE RHO(0); E'P REACTIONS AB The quasielastic (e,e'p) reaction was studied on targets of deuterium, carbon, and iron up to a value of momentum transfer Q(2) of 8.1 (GeV/c)(2). A nuclear transparency was determined by comparing the data to calculations in the plane-wave impulse approximation. The dependence of the nuclear transparency on Q(2) and the mass number A was investigated in a search for the onset of the color transparency phenomenon. We find no evidence for the onset of color transparency within our range of Q(2). A fit to the world's nuclear transparency data reflects the energy dependence of the free-proton-nucleon cross section. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Garrow, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Sarty, Adam/G-2948-2014; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934 NR 49 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044613 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044613 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500050 ER PT J AU Haider, Q Liu, LC AF Haider, Q Liu, LC TI Dependence of calculated binding energies and widths of eta-mesic nuclei on treatment of subthreshold eta-nucleon interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID WAVE SCATTERING-LENGTH; DOUBLE-CHARGE-EXCHANGE; QUASI-BOUND STATES; NEAR-THRESHOLD; RESONANCE MODEL; N SCATTERING; LIGHT-NUCLEI; MESON; PHOTOPRODUCTION; PI-N->ETA-N AB We demonstrate that the binding energies epsilon(eta) and widths Gamma(eta) of eta-mesic nuclei depend strongly on the subthreshold eta-nucleon interaction. This strong dependence is made evident from comparing three different eta-nucleus optical potentials: (1) a microscopic optical potential taking into account the full effects of the off-shell etaN interaction; (2) a factorization approximation to the microscopic optical potential where a downward energy shift parameter is introduced to approximate the subthreshold etaN interaction; and (3) an optical potential using the on-shell etaN scattering length as the interaction input. Our analysis indicates that the in-medium etaN interaction for bound-state formation is about 30 MeV below the free-space etaN threshold, which causes a substantial reduction of the attractive force between the eta and nucleon with respect to that implied by the scattering length. Consequently, the scattering-length approach overpredicts the epsilon(eta) and caution must be exercised when these latter predictions are used as guide in searching for eta-nucleus bound states. We also show that final-state-interaction analysis cannot provide an unequivocal determination of the existence of the eta-nucleus bound state. More direct measurements are, therefore, necessary. C1 Fordham Univ, Dept Phys, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haider, Q (reprint author), Fordham Univ, Dept Phys, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 045208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.045208 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500071 ER PT J AU Hirano, T Nara, Y AF Hirano, T Nara, Y TI Energy loss in high energy heavy ion collisions from the hydrodynamic and jet model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PATH-INTEGRAL APPROACH; P(T) HADRON SPECTRA; ELLIPTIC FLOW; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; QCD; RADIATION; MULTIPLICITY; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; OPACITY AB We investigate the effect of energy loss of jets in high energy heavy ion collisions by using a full three-dimensional space-time evolution of a fluid combined with (mini)jets that are explicitly evolved in space-time. In order to fit the pi(0) data for the Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV, the space-time averaged energy loss dE/dx(tauless than or equal to3 fm/c)=0.36 GeV/fm is extracted within the model. It is found that most energy loss occurs at the very early time less than 2 fm/c in the QGP phase and that energy loss in the mixed phase is negligible within our parametrization for jet energy loss. This is a consequence of strong expansion of the system. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hirano, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. NR 57 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 041901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.0419XX PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500006 ER PT J AU Klein, SR Nystrand, J Vogt, R AF Klein, SR Nystrand, J Vogt, R TI Heavy quark photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-GLUON-FUSION; VECTOR-MESON PRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; 2-PHOTON COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTION; LEADING ORDER; CHARM; DEPENDENCE; HERA AB Heavy quarks are copiously produced in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions. In the strong electromagnetic fields, c (c) over bar and b (b) over bar are produced by photonuclear and two-photon interactions. Hadroproduction can also occur in grazing interactions. We calculate the total cross sections and the quark transverse momentum and rapidity distributions, as well as the Q (Q) over bar invariant mass spectra from the three production channels. We consider AA and pA collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. We discuss techniques for separating the three processes and describe how the AA to pA production ratios might be measured accurately enough to study nuclear shadowing. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Klein, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 83 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044906 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044906 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500062 ER PT J AU Lamoreaux, SK Golub, R AF Lamoreaux, SK Golub, R TI Calculation of the ultracold neutron upscattering loss probability in fluid walled storage bottles using experimental measurements of the liquid thermomechanical properties of fomblin SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INELASTICALLY SCATTERED NEUTRONS; POSSIBLE REASON; LONG STORAGE; LIFETIME; TRAPS AB Presently, the most accurate values of the free neutron beta-decay lifetime result from measurements using fluid-coated ultacold neutron (UCN) storage bottles. The purpose of this work is to investigate the temperature-dependent UCN loss rate from these storage systems. To verify that the surface properites of fomblin films are the same as the bulk properties, we present experimental measurements of the properties of a liquid "fomblin" surface obtained by the quasielastic scattering of laser light. The properties include the surface tension and viscosity as functions of temperature. The results are compared to measurements of the bulk fluid properties. We then calculate the upscattering rate of UCNs from thermally excited surface capillary waves on the liquid surface and compare the results to experimental measurements of the UCN lifetime in fomblin-fluid-walled UCN storage bottles, and show that the excess storage loss rate for UCN energies near the fomblin potential can be explained. The rapid temperature dependence of the fomblin storage lifetime is explained by our analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Lamoreaux, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P23, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044309 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500027 ER PT J AU Loveland, W Gregorich, KE Patin, JB Peterson, D Rouki, C Zielinski, PM Aleklett, K AF Loveland, W Gregorich, KE Patin, JB Peterson, D Rouki, C Zielinski, PM Aleklett, K TI Search for the production of element 112 in the Ca-48+ U-238 reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; CROSS-SECTIONS; FUSION; DECAY; PROBABILITY; SEPARATOR; FISSION; MASSES; HEAVY AB We have searched for the production of element 112 in the reaction of 231 MeV Ca-48 with U-238. We have not observed any events with a "one-event" upper limit cross section of 1.6 pb for evaporation residue- (EVR-) fission events and 1.8 pb for EVR-alpha events. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Loveland, W (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044617 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044617 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500054 ER PT J AU Marsden, DCJ Navratil, P Coon, SA Barrett, BR AF Marsden, DCJ Navratil, P Coon, SA Barrett, BR TI Feasibility study of a three-nucleon force in the no-core shell model: H-3 binding energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; 3-NUCLEON FORCES; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; PERTURBATION-THEORY; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; 3N FORCES; 3-BODY; EXCHANGE; POTENTIALS; SYSTEMS AB We investigate the three-nucleon system with a realistic nucleon-nucleon potential and the Tucson-Melbourne (TM) two-pion exchange three-body interaction using a translationally invariant harmonic oscillator basis. In the calculations, the no-core shell-model two-body effective interaction replaces the nucleon-nucleon potential, while the three-nucleon interaction is added without any renormalization. We study the convergence of the approach by changing the basis size. Also the dependence of the binding energies on the TM cutoff parameter Lambda is examined. The results show promise for the construction of three-body effective interactions including a three-nucleon interaction, for use in future ab initio no-core shell-model nuclear structure calculations for A>3 systems. C1 Univ Arizona, Program Appl Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22330 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP United Arab Emirates Univ, Math IT Unit, POB 17172, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044007 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500015 ER PT J AU Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Phair, L Wozniak, GJ AF Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Phair, L Wozniak, GJ TI Negative heat capacities and first order phase transitions in nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB Anomalous negative heat capacities have been claimed as indicators of first-order phase transitions in finite systems in general, and for nuclear systems in particular. A thermodynamic approach allowing for all Q-value terms is used to evaluate heat capacities in finite van der Waals fluids and finite lattice systems in the coexistence region. Fictitious large effects and negative heat capacities are observed in lattice systems when periodic boundary conditions are introduced. Small anomalous effects are predicted for small drops and for finite lattice systems. A straightforward application of the analysis to nuclei shows that negative heat capacities cannot be observed for A>60. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 041601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.041601 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500004 ER PT J AU Oh, Y Lee, TSH AF Oh, Y Lee, TSH TI One-loop corrections to omega photoproduction near threshold SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LARGE MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; PION-NUCLEON SCATTERING; MESON-EXCHANGE MODEL; VECTOR-MESONS; BARYON RESONANCES; NEAR-THRESHOLD; QUARK-MODEL; DECAYS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PROTON AB One-loop corrections to omega photoproduction near threshold have been investigated by using the approximation that all relevant transition amplitudes are calculated from the tree diagrams of effective Lagrangians. With the parameters constrained by the data of gammaN-->piN, gammaN-->rhoN, and piN-->omegaN reactions, it is found that the one-loop effects due to the intermediate piN and rhoN states can significantly change the differential cross sections and spin observables. The results from this exploratory investigation suggest strongly that the coupled-channel effects should be taken into account in extracting reliable resonance parameters from the data of vector meson photoproduction in the resonance region. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Oh, Y (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RI Oh, Yongseok/A-2504-2008 OI Oh, Yongseok/0000-0001-9822-8975 NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 045201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.045201 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500064 ER PT J AU Pieper, SC Varga, K Wiringa, RB AF Pieper, SC Varga, K Wiringa, RB TI Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of A=9,10 nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-NUCLEI; STATE AB We report on quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the ground and low-lying excited states of A=9,10 nuclei using realistic Hamiltonians containing the Argonne v(18) two-nucleon potential alone or with one of several three-nucleon potentials, including Urbana IX and three of the new Illinois models. The calculations begin with correlated many-body wave functions that have an alpha-like core and multiple p-shell nucleons, LS-coupled to the appropriate (J(pi);T) quantum numbers for the state of interest. After optimization, these variational trial functions are used as input to a Green's function Monte Carlo calculation of the energy, using a constrained path algorithm. We find that the Hamiltonians that include Illinois three-nucleon potentials reproduce ten states in Li-9, Be-9, Be-10, and B-10 with an rms deviation as little as 900 keV. In particular, we obtain the correct 3(+) ground state for B-10, whereas the Argonne v(18) alone or with Urbana IX predicts a 1(+) ground state. In addition, we calculate isovector and isotensor energy differences, electromagnetic moments, and one- and two-body density distributions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM spieper@anl.gov; vargak@ornl.gov; wiringa@anl.gov RI Wiringa, Robert/M-4970-2015; Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013 NR 32 TC 273 Z9 274 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044310 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500028 ER PT J AU Raman, S Nestor, CW Ichihara, A Trzhaskovskaya, MB AF Raman, S Nestor, CW Ichihara, A Trzhaskovskaya, MB TI How good are the internal conversion coefficients now? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONS AB To fully utilize experimental internal conversion coefficients, one needs a reliable calculation of theoretical values. We have assembled a set of 100 experimental conversion coefficients, 45 alpha(K) and 55 alpha(T) values, measured with an accuracy of better than 5%, and generated the corresponding theoretical values using two methods, relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater (RHFS) and relativistic Dirac-Fock (DF). Extensive comparisons of the experimental values with the two sets of theoretical values show that the DF method is clearly superior to the RHFS method in the overall reproduction of the experimental internal conversion coefficients. We discuss in some detail the differences between various versions of these two theoretical approaches, with a view to understanding which of these differences are most critical to obtaining agreement with experiment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191112, Japan. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, RU-188300 Gatchina, Russia. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raman@mail.phy.ornl.gov NR 61 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044312 PG 23 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500030 ER PT J AU Ruangma, A Laforest, R Martin, E Ramakrishnan, E Rowland, DJ Veselsky, M Winchester, EM Yennello, SJ Beaulieu, L Hsi, W Kwiatkowski, K Lefort, T Viola, VE Botvina, A Korteling, RG Pienkowski, L Breuer, H Gushue, S Remsberg, LP Back, B AF Ruangma, A Laforest, R Martin, E Ramakrishnan, E Rowland, DJ Veselsky, M Winchester, EM Yennello, SJ Beaulieu, L Hsi, W Kwiatkowski, K Lefort, T Viola, VE Botvina, A Korteling, RG Pienkowski, L Breuer, H Gushue, S Remsberg, LP Back, B TI Caloric curve of 8 GeV/c pi(-), (p)over-bar+ Au-197 reactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GAS PHASE-TRANSITION; CHARGED-PARTICLE SPECTRA; 1A GEV GOLD; HOT NUCLEI; PI(-) BEAMS; HIGH-ENERGY; MULTIFRAGMENTATION; EVOLUTION; PROTON; THERMOMETERS AB The relationship between nuclear temperature and excitation energy of hot nuclei formed by 8 GeV/c negative pion and antiproton beams incident on Au-197 has been investigated with the ISiS 4pi detector array at the BNL AGS accelerator. The double-isotope-ratio technique was used to calculate the temperature of the hot system. The two thermometers used, (p/d-He-3/He-4) and (d/t-He-3/He-4), are in agreement below E*/Asimilar to8 MeV when corrected for secondary decay. Caloric curves derived from successive segments of the H and He kinetic energy spectra show a systematic decrease in temperature as the kinetic energy bin decreases, consistent with "cooling curve" behavior. When extrapolated to the evaporative-peak region, these results provide good agreement with caloric curves measured for similar systems. The caloric curves from this experiment are also compared with the predictions from the SMM multifragmentation model. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Indiana Univ, IUCF, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. GSI Darmstadt, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Nucl Res Inst, Moscow 117312, Russia. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Warsaw Univ, Heavy Ion Lab, PL-02097 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Microcal Software Inc, Northampton, MA 01060 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Phys, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LPC Caen, F-14050 Caen, France. RP Ruangma, A (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RI Beaulieu, Luc/A-6803-2009; Rowland, Douglas/F-3104-2014; Yennello, Sherry/B-5803-2015 OI Beaulieu, Luc/0000-0003-0429-6366; Rowland, Douglas/0000-0001-8059-6905; Yennello, Sherry/0000-0003-3963-5217 NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044603 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500040 ER PT J AU Schulte, EC Afanasev, A Amarian, M Aniol, K Becher, S Benslama, K Bimbot, L Bosted, P Brash, E Calarco, J Chai, Z Chang, C Chang, T Chen, JP Choi, S Chudakov, E Churchwell, S Crovelli, D Dieterich, S Dumalski, S Dutta, D Epstein, M Fissum, K Fox, B Frullani, S Gao, H Gao, J Garibaldi, F Gayou, O Gilman, R Glamazdin, A Glashausser, C Gomez, J Gorbenko, V Hansen, JO Holt, RJ Hovdebo, J Huber, GM de Jager, CW Jiang, X Jones, C Jones, MK Kelly, J Kinney, E Kooijman, E Kumbartzki, G Kuss, M LeRose, J Liang, M Lindgren, R Liyanage, N Malov, S Margaziotis, D Markowitz, P McCormick, K Meekins, D Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Mitchell, J Morand, L Perdrisat, C Pomatsalyuk, R Punjabi, V Radyushkin, A Ransome, R Roche, R Rvachev, M Saha, A Sarty, A Simon, D Strauch, S Suleiman, R Todor, L Ulmer, P Urciuoli, GM Wijesooriya, K Wojtsekhowski, B Xiong, F Xu, W AF Schulte, EC Afanasev, A Amarian, M Aniol, K Becher, S Benslama, K Bimbot, L Bosted, P Brash, E Calarco, J Chai, Z Chang, C Chang, T Chen, JP Choi, S Chudakov, E Churchwell, S Crovelli, D Dieterich, S Dumalski, S Dutta, D Epstein, M Fissum, K Fox, B Frullani, S Gao, H Gao, J Garibaldi, F Gayou, O Gilman, R Glamazdin, A Glashausser, C Gomez, J Gorbenko, V Hansen, JO Holt, RJ Hovdebo, J Huber, GM de Jager, CW Jiang, X Jones, C Jones, MK Kelly, J Kinney, E Kooijman, E Kumbartzki, G Kuss, M LeRose, J Liang, M Lindgren, R Liyanage, N Malov, S Margaziotis, D Markowitz, P McCormick, K Meekins, D Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Mitchell, J Morand, L Perdrisat, C Pomatsalyuk, R Punjabi, V Radyushkin, A Ransome, R Roche, R Rvachev, M Saha, A Sarty, A Simon, D Strauch, S Suleiman, R Todor, L Ulmer, P Urciuoli, GM Wijesooriya, K Wojtsekhowski, B Xiong, F Xu, W TI High energy angular distribution measurements of the exclusive deuteron photodisintegration reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID 2-BODY PHOTODISINTEGRATION; AMPLITUDES AB The first complete measurements of the angular distributions of the two-body deuteron photodisintegration differential cross section at photon energies above 1.6 GeV were performed at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The results show a persistent forward-backward asymmetry up to E-gamma=2.4 GeV, the highest-energy measured in this experiment. The Hard Rescattering and the Quark-Gluon string models are in fair agreement with the results. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. INFN Sanita, Rome, Italy. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Regina, Regina, SK 545 0A2, Canada. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03842 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, Aubiere, France. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Schulte, EC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Simon, Daniel/H-3027-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Sarty, Adam/G-2948-2014 OI Simon, Daniel/0000-0002-2799-3490; NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 042201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.042201 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500007 ER PT J AU Urban, W Phillips, WR Ahmad, I Rekawek, J Korgul, A Rzaca-Urban, T Durell, JL Leddy, MJ Smith, AG Varley, BJ Schulz, N Morss, LR AF Urban, W Phillips, WR Ahmad, I Rekawek, J Korgul, A Rzaca-Urban, T Durell, JL Leddy, MJ Smith, AG Varley, BJ Schulz, N Morss, LR TI Near-yrast structure of neutron-rich, N=85 isotones SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SPIN OCTUPOLE CORRELATIONS; SPONTANEOUS FISSION; GAMMA-RAYS; NUCLEI; FRAGMENTS; STATES; DEFORMATION; EXCITATIONS; LANTHANIDES; ISOTOPES AB Excited states in Xe-139, populated in the spontaneous fission of Cm-248, were studied by means of prompt-gamma spectroscopy, using the EUROGAM2 multidetector array. Spins and parities of excited levels were determined experimentally. New information was also obtained for the Ba-141 nucleus. These data and a reevaluation of the data available in the literature on Ba-141 and Ce-143 show that the near-yrast structures of the Xe-139, Ba-141, and Ce-143 nuclei are similar to that in the heavier N=85 isotones. The presence of strong octupole correlations in the Xe-139 and Ba-141 nuclei, reported in another recent study, is not supported by the present work. The observed excitations in the N=85 isotones are interpreted as being due to quadrupole and octupole vibrations coupled to the valence-neutron levels. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR7500, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RP Urban, W (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Ul Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044302 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500020 ER PT J AU Varga, K Suzuki, Y Lovas, RG AF Varga, K Suzuki, Y Lovas, RG TI Microscopic multicluster model of Li-9,Li-10,Li-11 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC VARIATIONAL METHOD; REACTION CROSS-SECTIONS; NEUTRON-HALO; PROJECTILE FRAGMENTATION; NUCLEUS LI-11; CLUSTER-MODEL; BEAMS; STATES; SYSTEM AB A microscopic cluster model assuming alpha-, triton, and single-neutron clusters is applied to the halo nucleus Li-11 and to its subsystems Li-9 and Li-10. This model is consistent with an earlier successful description of Li-7,Li-8,Li-9. The results for the energies, radii, and other properties of Li-11 are satisfactory. The binding of Li-11 receives comparable contributions from p- and s-wave single-particle states. The two-neutron halo of Li-11 is confirmed to be prominent although it is reduced by core distortion. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Varga, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013 NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 041302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.041302 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500002 ER PT J AU Zeidan, O Hartley, DJ Riedinger, LL Reviol, W Weintraub, WD Sun, Y Zhang, JY Galindo-Uribarri, A Paul, SD Sarantites, DG Devlin, M Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Seweryniak, D AF Zeidan, O Hartley, DJ Riedinger, LL Reviol, W Weintraub, WD Sun, Y Zhang, JY Galindo-Uribarri, A Paul, SD Sarantites, DG Devlin, M Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Seweryniak, D TI Yrast spectroscopy of Nd-128(60)68 and systematics of the nu h(11/2) crossing in A similar to 130 nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; DETAILED SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL STRUCTURES; BAND; DEFORMATION; CONFIGURATION; ALIGNMENT; ISOTOPES; SHAPES; REGION AB High-spin states in Ca-128 were populated with the Mo-92 (Ca-40, 2p2n) reaction at a beam energy of 184 MeV. The previously known ground-state band has been extended to I-pi=(34(+)) and four sidebands were observed. Configuration assignments for these sidebands are discussed based on their alignment behavior. A significant delay of the nuh(11/2) crossing frequency is observed in the Asimilar to130 region, with the largest delays occurring consistently at N=70. Cranked shell model calculations were performed in order to investigate whether a variation of deformation and/or pairing parameters can account for this phenomenon. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zeidan, O (reprint author), Univ Florida, Shands Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Sun, Yang/P-2417-2015 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 044311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.044311 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 612YR UT WOS:000179103500029 ER PT J AU Afanasev, A Akushevich, I Burkert, V Joo, K AF Afanasev, A Akushevich, I Burkert, V Joo, K TI QED radiative corrections in processes of exclusive pion electroproduction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; ELECTRON-PROTON SCATTERING; APPROXIMATE CALCULATION; POLARIZED PARTICLES; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTION; HIGH-ENERGY; MODEL; LEPTONS; NUCLEI AB A formalism for radiative correction (RC) calculation in exclusive pion electroproduction on the proton is presented. A FORTRAN code EXCLURAD is developed for the RC procedure. The numerical analysis is done in the kinematics of current Jefferson Lab experiments. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Afanasev, A (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. OI Afanasev, Andrei/0000-0003-0679-3307 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 074004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.074004 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200016 ER PT J AU Baer, H Ferrandis, J Melnikov, K Tata, X AF Baer, H Ferrandis, J Melnikov, K Tata, X TI Relating bottom quark mass in (DR)over-bar and (MS)over-bar regularization schemes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING ORDER; LARGE TAN-BETA; YUKAWA COUPLING UNIFICATION; GRAND UNIFIED MODELS; Y-SUM-RULES; QCD-CORRECTIONS; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; ANOMALOUS DIMENSION; STANDARD MODEL; SO(10) AB The value of the bottom quark mass at Q=M-Z in the (DR) over bar scheme is an important input for the analysis of supersymmetric models with a large value of tan beta. Conventionally, however, the running bottom quark mass extracted from experimental data is quoted in the (MS) over bar scheme at the scale Q=m(b). We describe a two loop procedure for the conversion of the bottom quark mass from the (MS) over bar to (DR) over bar scheme. The Particle Data Group value m(b)((MS) over bar)(m(b)((MS) over bar))=4.2+/-0.2 GeV corresponds to a range of 2.65-3.03 GeV for m(b)((DR) over bar)(M-Z). C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 68 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 074007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.074007 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200019 ER PT J AU Becher, T Melnikov, K AF Becher, T Melnikov, K TI Asymptotic expansion of lattice loop integrals around the continuum limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SU(N) GAUGE-THEORIES; FEYNMAN-INTEGRALS; WILSON FERMIONS; COMPUTATION; RENORMALIZATION; ALGORITHM; DIAGRAMS; QCD AB We present a method of computing any one-loop integral in lattice perturbation theory by systematically expanding around its continuum limit. At any order in the expansion in the lattice spacing, the result can be written as a sum of continuum loop integrals in analytic regularization and a few genuine lattice integrals ("master integrals"). These lattice master integrals are independent of external momenta and masses and can be computed numerically. At the one-loop level, there are four master integrals in a theory with only bosonic fields, seven in HQET and sixteen in QED or QCD with Wilson fermions. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Becher, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 074508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.074508 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200041 ER PT J AU Bern, Z Dixon, L Schmidt, C AF Bern, Z Dixon, L Schmidt, C TI Isolating a light Higgs boson from the diphoton background at the CERN LHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PHOTON PAIR PRODUCTION; TO-LEADING ORDER; UPGRADED FERMILAB TEVATRON; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; STANDARD MODEL; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; ROOT-S AB We compute the QCD corrections to the gluon fusion subprocess gg-->gammagamma, which forms an important component of the background to the search for a light Higgs boson at the CERN LHC. We study the dependence of the improved pp-->gammagammaX background calculation on the factorization and renormalization scales, on various choices for photon isolation cuts, and on the rapidities of the photons. We also investigate ways to enhance the statistical significance of the Higgs signal in the gammagamma channel. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 92 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 074018 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.074018 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200030 ER PT J AU Burdman, G AF Burdman, G TI Constraints on the bulk standard model in the Randall-Sundrum scenario SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED GRAVITY; FIELDS; MASSES; DIMENSIONS; MILLIMETER; HIERARCHY; PHYSICS; MIXINGS AB We derive constraints on the Randall-Sundrum scenario with the standard model fields in the bulk. These result from tree level effects associated with the deformation of the zero mode wave functions of the W and the Z once electroweak symmetry is broken. Recently Csaki, Erlich and Terning pointed out that this implies large contributions to electroweak oblique parameters. Here we find that when fermions are allowed in the bulk the couplings of the W and the Z to zero-mode fermions are also affected. We perform a fit to electroweak observables, assuming universal bulk fermion masses and including all effects, and find constraints that are considerably stronger than for the case with fermions localized in the low energy boundary. These put the lowest Kaluza-Klein excitation out of reach of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. We then relax the universality assumption and study the effects of flavor violation in the bulk and its possible signatures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Burdman, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Burdman, Gustavo/D-3285-2012 NR 28 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 076003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.076003 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200060 ER PT J AU Chanowitz, MS AF Chanowitz, MS TI Electroweak data and the Higgs boson mass: A case for new physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID STANDARD MODEL; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; TRIVIALITY; LHC; OBSERVABLES; SCATTERING; ANOMALIES; ASYMMETRY; TOPCOLOR; PROGRAM AB Because of two 3sigma anomalies, the standard model (SM) fit of the precision electroweak data has a poor confidence level, C.L.=0.010. Since both anomalies involve challenging systematic issues, it might appear that the SM could still be valid if the anomalies resulted from underestimated systematic error. Indeed the C.L. of the global fit could then increase to 0.65, but that fit predicts a small Higgs boson mass, m(H)=43 GeV, that is only consistent at C.L.=0.035 with the lower limit, m(H)>114 GeV, established by direct searches. The data then favor new physics whether the anomalous measurements are excluded from the fit or not, and the Higgs boson mass cannot be predicted until the new physics is understood. Some measure of statistical fluctuation would be needed to maintain the validity of the SM, which is unlikely by broad statistical measures. New physics is favored, but the SM is not definitively excluded. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chanowitz@lbl.gov NR 56 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 073002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.073002 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200009 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Erlich, J Kribs, GD Terning, J AF Csaki, C Erlich, J Kribs, GD Terning, J TI Constraints on the SU(3) electroweak model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; STANDARD MODEL; TECHNICOLOR THEORIES; DARK MATTER; SEA-WATER; PARAMETERS; BREAKING; HYDROGEN AB We consider a recent proposal by Dimopoulos and Kaplan to embed the electroweak SU(2)(L)xU(1)(Y) into a larger group SU(3)(W)xSU(2)xU(1) at a scale above a TeV. This idea is motivated by the prediction for the weak mixing angle sin(2)theta(W)=1/4, which naturally appears in these models so long as the gauge couplings of the high energy SU(2) and U(1) groups are moderately large. The extended gauge dynamics results in new effective operators that contribute to four-fermion interactions and Z pole observables. We calculate the corrections to these electroweak precision observables and carry out a global fit of the new physics to the data. For SU(2) and U(1) gauge couplings larger than 1, we find that the 95% C.L. lower bound on the matching (heavy gauge boson mass) scale is 11 TeV. We comment on the fine-tuning of the high energy parameters needed to allow matching scales above our bounds. The remnants of SU(3)(W) breaking include multi-TeV SU(2)(L) doublets with electric charge (+/-2,+/-1). The lightest charged gauge boson is stable, leading to cosmological difficulties. C1 Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Nucl Studies, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Csaki, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Nucl Studies, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Terning, John/0000-0003-1367-0575 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 075008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.075008 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200052 ER PT J AU de Gouvea, A AF de Gouvea, A TI Can a CPT violating ether solve all electron (anti)neutrino puzzles? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS; SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; (NU)OVER-BAR(MU)->(NU)OVER-BAR(E) OSCILLATIONS; SPECIAL RELATIVITY; LSND EXPERIMENT; SOLAR; TESTS; FLUX; LORENTZ AB Assuming that CPT is violated in the neutrino sector seems to be a viable alternative to sterile neutrinos when it comes to reconciling the LSND anomaly with the remainder of the neutrino data. There are different (distinguishable) ways of incorporating CPT violation into the standard model, including postulating m not equal (m) over bar. Here, I investigate the possibility of introducing CPT violation via Lorentz-invariance violating effective operators ("ether" potentials) which modify neutrino oscillation patterns such as ordinary matter effects. I argue that, within a simplified two-flavor-like oscillation analysis and restricting the analysis to the lowest order Lorentz-invariance violating operators only, one cannot solve the solar neutrino puzzle and LSND anomaly while still respecting constraints imposed by other neutrino experiments, and comment on whether significant improvements should be expected from a three-flavor analysis. If one turns the picture upside down, some of the most severe constraints on such CPT violating terms can already be obtained from the current neutrino data, while much more severe constraints can arise from future neutrino oscillation experiments. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 076005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.076005 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200062 ER PT J AU Goity, JL Bernstein, AM Holstein, BR AF Goity, JL Bernstein, AM Holstein, BR TI Decay pi(0)->gamma gamma to next to leading order in chiral perturbation theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LARGE-N-C; LOW-ENERGY CONSTANTS; PSEUDOSCALAR MESONS; DASHEN THEOREM; QUARK; ETA->3-PI; PHOTONS; MASSES; GAMMA; ETA AB The pi(0) --> gammagamma decay width is analyzed within the combined framework of chiral perturbation theory and the 1/N-c expansion up to O(p(6)) and O(p(4) x 1/N-c) in the decay amplitude. The eta' is explicitly included in the analysis. It is found that the decay width is enhanced by about 4.5% due to the isospin-breaking induced mixing of the pure U(3) states. This effect, which is of leading order in low energy expansion, is shown to persist nearly unchanged at next to leading order. The chief prediction with its estimated uncertainty is Gamma(pi0-->gammagamma) = 8.10+/-0.08 eV. This prediction at the 1% level makes the upcoming precision measurement of the decay width even more urgent. Observations on the eta and eta' can also be made, especially about their mixing, which is shown to be significantly affected by next to leading order corrections. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, LGRT, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Goity, JL (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NR 47 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 076014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.076014 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200071 ER PT J AU Hall, LJ Nomura, Y AF Hall, LJ Nomura, Y TI Complete theory of grand unification in five dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; LEPTON-FLAVOR VIOLATION; LIGHTEST HIGGS BOSON; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; PROTON DECAY; BREAKING; SUPERGRAVITY; CONSERVATION; MASS; CP AB A fully realistic unified theory is constructed, with SU(5) gauge symmetry and supersymmetry both broken by boundary conditions in a fifth dimension. Despite the resulting explicit breaking of SU(5) locally at a boundary of the dimension, when the size of the extra dimension is taken to be large precise predictions emerge for gauge coupling unification, alpha(s)(M-Z)=0.118+/-0.003, and for Yukawa coupling unification, m(b)(M-Z)=3.3+/-0.2 GeV. The 5D theory is then valid over a large energy interval from the compactification scale, M(c)similar or equal to1x10(15) GeV, to the scale of strong coupling, M(s)similar or equal to1x10(17) GeV. A complete understanding of the Higgs sector of the minimal supersymmetric standard model is given, with explanations for why the Higgs triplets are heavy, why the Higgs doublets are protected from a large tree-level mass, and why the mu and B parameters are naturally generated to be of order the supersymmetry breaking scale. All sources of proton decay from operators of dimension four and five are forbidden, while a new origin for baryon number violating dimension six operators is found to be important. The exchange of the superheavy gauge boson, with a brane-localized kinetic energy interaction, leads to tau(p)approximate to10(34) yr, with several branching ratios determined in terms of a single mixing parameter. The theory is only realistic for an essentially unique choice of matter location in the fifth dimension: the ten-plets of the first two generations must lie in the bulk, with all other matter located on the SU(5) preserving boundary. Several aspects of flavor follow from this geometry: only the third generation possesses an SU(5) mass relation, and the lighter two generations have only small mixings with the heaviest generation except for neutrinos. The entire superpartner spectrum is predicted in terms of only two free parameters. The squark and slepton masses have sizes determined by their location in the fifth dimension, allowing a significant experimental test of the detailed structure of the extra dimension. Lepton flavor violation is found to be generically large in higher dimensional unified theories with nontrivial matter geometries, providing soft supersymmetry breaking operators are local up to the compactification scale. In our theory this forces a common location for all three neutrinos, predicting large neutrino mixing angles. Rates for mu-->egamma, mu-->eee, mu-->e conversion and tau-->mugamma are larger in our theory than in conventional 4D supersymmetric grand unified theories, and, once superpartner masses are measured, these rates are completely determined in terms of two leptonic mixing angles. Proposed experiments probing mu-->e transitions will probe the entire interesting parameter space of our theory. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hall, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 73 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 075004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.075004 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200048 ER PT J AU Hill, CT Leibovich, AK AF Hill, CT Leibovich, AK TI Natural theories of ultralow mass pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons: Axions and quintessence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; PARTICLE-PHYSICS MODELS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CP CONSERVATION; DIMENSIONS; CONDENSATION; CONSTRAINTS; INFLATION; COSMOLOGY; TOPCOLOR AB We consider the Wilson line pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons (PNGB) which arises in a U(1)(N) gauge theory, abstracted from a latticized, periodically compactified extra dimension U(1). Planck scale breaking of the PNGB's global symmetry is suppressed, providing natural candidates for the axion and quintessence. We construct an explicit model in which the axion may be viewed as the fifth component of the U(1)(Y) gauge field in a 1 + 4 latticized periodically compactified extra dimension. We also construct a quintessence PNGB model where the ultralow mass arises from Planck-scale suppressed physics itself. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hill, CT (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 075010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.075010 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200054 ER PT J AU Hiller, G AF Hiller, G TI First hint of nonstandard CP violation from B ->phi K-S decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID B-DECAYS; STANDARD MODEL; EFFECTIVE SUPERSYMMETRY; MESON SYSTEM; PHYSICS; COUPLINGS; FLAVOR AB We comment on the implications of the recently measured CP asymmetry in B-->phiK(S) decay. The data disfavor the standard model at 2.7sigma and, if the trend persists in the future with higher statistics, require the existence of CP violation beyond that in the CKM matrix. In particular, the b-->s (s) over bars decay amplitude would require new contributions of comparable size to the standard model ones with an order one phase. While not every model can deliver such a large amount of CP and flavor violation, those with substantial FCNC couplings to the Z can reproduce the experimental findings. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hiller, G (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 42 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 071502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.071502 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200004 ER PT J AU Schafer, T AF Schafer, T TI Instantons in QCD with many colors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY BREAKING; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SPECTRAL DENSITY; DIRAC OPERATOR; GAUGE-THEORIES; LATTICE QCD; VACUUM; HADRONS; LIQUID AB We study instantons in QCD with many colors. We first discuss a number of qualitative arguments concerning the large N-c scaling behavior of a random instanton ensemble. We show that most hadronic observables are compatible with standard large N-c counting rules provided the average instanton size is O(1) and the instanton density is O(N-c) in the large N-c limit. This is not the case for the topological susceptibility and the mass of the eta'. For these observables consistency with conventional large N-c counting requires that fluctuations in the instanton liquid are suppressed compared to Poissonian fluctuations. Using mean field estimates and numerical simulations we show that the required scaling behavior of the instanton density is natural in models in which the instanton density is regularized in terms of a classical repulsive core. We also show that in these models fluctuations of the topological charge are suppressed and that m(eta')(2) = O(1/N-c). We conclude that the instanton liquid model is not necessarily in conflict with the 1/N-c expansion. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schafer, T (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 076009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.076009 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200066 ER PT J AU Son, DT Stephanov, MA AF Son, DT Stephanov, MA TI Real-time pion propagation in finite-temperature QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC CRITICAL PHENOMENA; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; LOW-MASS DILEPTONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; ISOSPIN DENSITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHYSICS; MATTER AB We argue that in QCD near the chiral limit, at all temperatures below the chiral phase transition, the dispersion relation of soft pions can be expressed entirely in terms of three temperature-dependent quantities: the pion screening mass, a pion decay constant, and the axial isospin susceptibility. The definitions of these quantities are given in terms of equal-time (static) correlation functions. Thus, all three quantities can be determined directly by lattice methods. The precise meaning of the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation at finite temperature is given. C1 Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Son, DT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 076011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.076011 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200068 ER PT J AU Sullivan, Z AF Sullivan, Z TI Fully differential W ' production and decay at next-to-leading order in QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE VECTOR BOSONS; LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRY; QUARK PRODUCTION; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; STANDARD MODEL; 3RD FAMILY; HEAVY W'; SEARCH; COLLIDER AB We present the fully differential production and decay of a W' boson, with arbitrary vector and axial-vector couplings, to any final state at next-to-leading order in QCD. We demonstrate a complete factorization of couplings at next-to-leading order in both the partial width of the W' boson and in the full two-to-two cross section. We provide numerical predictions for the contribution of a W' boson to single-top-quark production, and separate results based on whether the mass of the right-handed neutrino nu(R) is light enough for the leptonic decay channel to be open. The single-top-quark analysis will allow for an improved direct W' mass limit of 525-550 GeV using data from run I of the Fermilab Tevatron. We propose a modified tolerance method for estimating parton distribution function uncertainties in cross sections. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 52 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 7 AR 075011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.075011 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 612HK UT WOS:000179068200055 ER PT J AU Aguirre, MA Abramson, G Bishop, AR Kenkre, VM AF Aguirre, MA Abramson, G Bishop, AR Kenkre, VM TI Simulations in the mathematical modeling of the spread of the Hantavirus SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; RESERVOIR POPULATIONS; LONG-TERM; SURFACE; TIME AB The range of validity of a recently proposed deterministic (mean field) model of the spread of the Hantavirus infection is studied with the help of Monte Carlo simulations for the evolution of mice populations. The simulation is found to reproduce earlier results on the average but to display additional behavior stemming from discreteness in mice number and from fluctuations of the finite size system. It is shown that mice diffusion affects those additional features of the simulation in a physically understandable manner, higher diffusion constants leading to greater agreement with the mean field results. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Adv Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ingn, Dept Fis, Grp Medios Porosos, RA-1063 Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aguirre, MA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Adv Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM maaguir@fi.uba.ar; abramson@cab.cnea.gov.ar; arb@lanl.gov; kenkre@unm.edu NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 041908 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.041908 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 614EV UT WOS:000179176100075 PM 12443236 ER PT J AU Cai, W Kalos, MH de Koning, M Bulatov, VV AF Cai, W Kalos, MH de Koning, M Bulatov, VV TI Importance sampling of rare transition events in Markov processes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION; SILICON AB We present an importance sampling technique for enhancing the efficiency of sampling rare transition events in Markov processes. Our approach is based on the design of an importance function by which the absolute probability of sampling a successful transition event is significantly enhanced, while preserving the relative probabilities among different successful transition paths. The method features an iterative stochastic algorithm for determining the optimal importance function. Given that the probability of sampling a successful transition event is enhanced by a known amount, transition rates can be readily computed. The method is illustrated in one- and two-dimensional systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cai, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI de Koning, Maurice/E-1115-2012; OI de Koning, Maurice/0000-0002-0035-4170; Cai, Wei/0000-0001-5919-8734 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 046703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.046703 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 614EX UT WOS:000179176300135 PM 12443376 ER PT J AU Daya, ZA Ecke, RE AF Daya, ZA Ecke, RE TI Prandtl-number dependence of interior temperature and velocity fluctuations in turbulent convection SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; THERMAL-CONVECTION AB Temperature and vertical velocity fluctuations are measured in turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection at the center of an approximately unit aspect ratio container of cylindrical cross section. Our measurements show that the Rayleigh-number scaling exponent gamma of the interior temperature fluctuations (i.e., sigma(T)/DeltaTsimilar toRa(gamma)) is a strong and nontrivial function of the Prandtl number in the range 2.9>1, and the electron-ion Coulomb-coupling parameter Gamma/Z<<1. (Gamma is the ion-ion coupling parameter and Z is the ion charge state.) Assuming a screened 1/r electron-ion scattering potential, we calculate the Coulomb logarithm in the second Born approximation. The ratio of the term obtained in the second approximation to that obtained in the first is used to define the parameter regime over which the calculation is valid. We find that the accuracy of the approximation is determined by Gamma/Z and not simply the temperature, and that a quantum-mechanical description can be required at temperatures orders of magnitude less than assumed by Spitzer [Physics of Fully Ionized Gases (Wiley, New York, 1962)]. When the magnetic field B=0, the conductivity is identical to the Spitzer result except the Coulomb logarithm ln Lambda(1)=(ln chi(1)-1/2)+[(2Ze(2)/lambdam(e)v(e1)(2))(ln chi(1)-ln 2(4/3))], where chi(1)=2m(e)v(e1)lambda/(h) over bar, m(e) is the electron mass, v(e1)=(7k(B)T/m(e))(1/2), k(B) is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, lambda is the screening length, (h) over bar is Planck's constant divided by 2pi, and e is the absolute value of the electron charge. When the plasma Debye length lambda(D) is greater than the ion-sphere radius a, we assume lambda=lambda(D); otherwise we set lambda=a. The B=0 conductivity is consistent with measurements when Zgreater than or similar to1, Thetagreater than or similar to2, and Gamma/Zless than or similar to1, and in this parameter regime appears to be more accurate than previous analytic models. The minimum value of ln Lambda(1) when Zgreater than or equal to1, Thetagreater than or equal to2, and Gamma/Zless than or equal to1 is 1.9. The expression obtained for the resistivity tensor (Bnot equal0) predicts that eta(perpendicular to)/eta(parallel to) (where eta(perpendicular to) and eta(parallel to) are the resistivities perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field) can be as much as 40% less than previous analytic calculations. The results are applied to an idealized 17-MA z pinch at stagnation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Stygar, WA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 132 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 AR 046417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.046417 PN 2 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 614EX UT WOS:000179176300099 PM 12443340 ER PT J AU Bane, KLF Chao, AW AF Bane, KLF Chao, AW TI Longitudinal space charge effect in slowly converging or diverging relativistic beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Beginning with the Green function for a rod beam in a round beam pipe we derive the space charge induced average energy change and rms spread for relativistic beams that are slowly converging or diverging in round beam pipes, a result that tends to be much larger than the 1/gamma(2) dependence for parallel beams. Our results allow for beams with longitudinal-transverse correlation, and for slow variations in beam pipe radius. We calculate, in addition, the space charge component of energy change and spread in a chicane compressor. This component indicates source regions of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) energy change in systems with compression. We find that this component, at the end of example compressors, approximates the total induced voltage obtained by more detailed CSR calculations. Our results depend on beam pipe radius (although only weakly) whereas CSR calculations do not normally include this parameter, suggesting that results of such calculations, for systems with beam pipes, are not complete. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bane, KLF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2002 VL 5 IS 10 AR 104401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.104401 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 611YX UT WOS:000179046800006 ER PT J AU Ohmi, K Chao, AW AF Ohmi, K Chao, AW TI Combined phenomena of beam-beam and beam-electron cloud interactions in circular e(+)e(-) colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB An electron cloud causes various effects in high intensity positron storage rings. The positron beam and the electron cloud can be considered a typical two-stream system with a certain plasma frequency. Beam-beam interaction is another important effect for high luminosity circular colliders. Colliding two beams can be considered as a two-stream system with another plasma frequency. We study the combined phenomena of the beam-electron cloud and beam-beam interactions from a viewpoint of two complex two-stream effects with two plasma frequencies. C1 KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Ohmi, K (reprint author), KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2002 VL 5 IS 10 AR 101001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.101001 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 611YX UT WOS:000179046800001 ER PT J AU Qiang, J Furman, MA Ryne, RD AF Qiang, J Furman, MA Ryne, RD TI Strong-strong beam-beam simulation using a Green function approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB In this paper we present a new approach, based on a shifted Green function, to evaluate the electromagnetic field in a simulation of colliding beams Unlike a conventional particle-mesh code, we use a method in which the computational mesh covers only the largest of the two colliding beams This allows us to study long-range parasitic collisions accurately and efficiently We have implemented this algorithm in a new parallel strong-strong beam-beam simulation code As an application, we present a study of a beam sweeping scheme for the LBNL luminosity monitor of the Large Hadron Collider. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qiang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD OCT PY 2002 VL 5 IS 10 AR 104402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.104402 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 611YX UT WOS:000179046800007 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH Dannevik, WP Dimits, AM Eliason, DE Mirin, AA Zhou, Y Porter, DH Woodward, PR AF Cohen, RH Dannevik, WP Dimits, AM Eliason, DE Mirin, AA Zhou, Y Porter, DH Woodward, PR TI Three-dimensional simulation of a Richtmyer-Meshkov instability with a two-scale initial perturbation SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PIECEWISE-PARABOLIC METHOD; COMPRESSIBLE CONVECTION; TURBULENT FLOWS; INTERFACE AB Three-dimensional high-resolution simulations (up to 8 billion zones) have been performed for a Richtmyer-Meshkov instability produced by passing a shock through a contact discontinuity with a two-scale initial perturbation. The setup approximates shock-tube experiments with a membrane pushed through a wire mesh. The simulation produces mixing-layer widths similar to those observed experimentally. Comparison of runs at various resolutions suggests a mixing transition from unstable to turbulent flow as the numerical Reynolds number is increased. At the highest resolutions, the spectrum exhibits a region of power-law decay, in which the spectral flux is approximately constant, suggestive of an inertial range, but with weaker wave number dependence than Kolmogorov scaling, about k(-6/5). Analysis of structure functions at the end of the simulation indicates the persistence of structures with velocities largest in the stream-wise direction. Comparison of three-dimensional and two-dimensional runs illustrates the tendency toward forward cascade in three dimensions, versus inverse cascade in two dimensions. Comparison of the full simulation with a simulation of a single-scale perturbation indicates that the coupling of the disparate scales leads to destruction of the small-scale bubbles and spikes except near the spike growing from the large-scale perturbation. Finally, an analysis of the sub-grid-scale stresses in filtered data indicates significant correlation of the resultant forward and back transfer of energy with the determinant of the rate-of-strain tensor of the resolved scale flow. A possible relation between this trend and alignment of vorticity on small scales with the principal directions of strain on large scales is discussed. The observed correlation lends support to the use of sub-grid-scale models proportional to the determinant of the rate-of-strain tensor for large-eddy simulation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Minnesota, Lab Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Cohen, RH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 32 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2002 VL 14 IS 10 BP 3692 EP 3709 DI 10.1063/1.1504452 PG 18 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 591ZK UT WOS:000177911100029 ER PT J AU Garcia, AL AF Garcia, AL TI Comment on "Stress-density ratio slip-corrected Reynolds equation for ultra-thin film gas bearing lubrication" [Phys. Fluids 14, 1450 (2002)] SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Garcia, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD OCT PY 2002 VL 14 IS 10 BP 3748 EP 3748 DI 10.1063/1.1503800 PG 1 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 591ZK UT WOS:000177911100034 ER PT J AU Popov, AM La Haye, RJ Liu, YQ Murakami, M Popova, NN Turnbull, AD AF Popov, AM La Haye, RJ Liu, YQ Murakami, M Popova, NN Turnbull, AD TI Simulation of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) in the DIII-D tokamak. I. NTM excitation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID BETA-LIMIT; THRESHOLD; DISCHARGES AB Nonlinear self-consistent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability simulations of neoclassical tearing modes (NTM) are performed with the three-dimensional (3-D) MHD code Nonlinear Full Toroidal Code (NFTC) [Phys. Plasmas 8, 3605 (2001)] in real geometry. The numerical model is based on the nonlinear 3-D MHD equations including neoclassical effects: bootstrap current perturbations, and the transport and the polarization current thresholds. Neoclassical terms are included in the basic equations for magnetic field and pressure. An effective fully implicit numerical scheme allows the transport profile to evolve self-consistently with the nonlinear MHD instabilities and externally applied sources. A direct comparison of NTM evolution with experimental observations in different DIII-D discharges is performed. As a result, the nonlinear NTM stability diagram-dependences of the critical and the saturated island width on plasma current profile parameters are obtained. The stability criterion for the time evolution of the plasma profiles against neoclassical tearing modes is also investigated. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Popov, AM (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4205 EP 4228 DI 10.1063/1.1505842 PG 24 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 595FA UT WOS:000178095700016 ER PT J AU Popov, AM La Haye, RJ Liu, YQ Murakami, M Popova, NN Turnbull, AD AF Popov, AM La Haye, RJ Liu, YQ Murakami, M Popova, NN Turnbull, AD TI Simulation of neoclassical tearing modes in the DIII-D tokamak. II. Suppression by radially localized electron cyclotron current drive SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STABILIZATION AB The problem of neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) suppression by a radially localized toroidal current from electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) is considered. Simulation of NTM stabilization by ECCD is performed with the Nonlinear Fully Toroidal Code (NFTC) [Phys. Plasmas 8, 3605 (2001)] for DIII-D discharges. The optimal parameters are determined for the radially localized ECCD current required to reduce the NTM instability. The time response and nonlinear evolution of the magnetic island width for ECCD and the required modulation phasing, the current drive location with respect to the rational surface, and the width of the spatial distribution are determined for both monotonic q-profile and negative central shear discharges. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Popov, AM (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4229 EP 4240 DI 10.1063/1.1505843 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 595FA UT WOS:000178095700017 ER PT J AU Lee, EP AF Lee, EP TI Precision matched solution of the coupled beam envelope equations for a periodic quadrupole lattice with space charge SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB The coupled Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (K-V) envelope equations for a charged particle beam transported by a periodic system of quadrupoles with self-consistent space charge force have previously been solved by various approximate methods, with accuracy ranging from 1% to 10%. A new method of solution is introduced here, which is based on a double expansion of the beam envelope functions in powers of the focal strength and either the beam's emittance or its dimensionless perveance. This method results in accuracy better than 0.1% for typical lattice and beam parameters when carried through one consistent level of approximation higher than employed in previous work. Several useful quantities, such as the values of the undepressed tune and the beam's perveance in the limit of vanishing emittance, are represented by very rapidly converging power series in the focal strength, with an accuracy of 0.01% or better. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, EP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 47R0112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4301 EP 4308 DI 10.1063/1.1502257 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 595FA UT WOS:000178095700025 ER PT J AU Cohen, BI McKinstrie, CJ Startsev, EA AF Cohen, BI McKinstrie, CJ Startsev, EA TI Forward and backward stimulated Brillouin scattering in a nonuniform plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; HOMOGENEOUS PLASMA; INSTABILITIES; LIGHT; WAVES AB The simultaneous forward and backward stimulated Brillouin scattering of a laser beam in a nonuniform plasma is studied. Analytical solutions of the steady-state nonlinear equations are presented, and the dependencies of the forward and backward scattering on the physical parameters and the noise boundary conditions are assessed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Cohen, BI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI McKinstrie, Colin/L-7879-2013 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4375 EP 4378 DI 10.1063/1.1502674 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 595FA UT WOS:000178095700034 ER PT J AU Chu, TK AF Chu, TK TI On the node in the current density profile during current peaking in a sawtooth oscillation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE CONFIGURATION; INDUCTIVELY DRIVEN; TOKAMAK PLASMA; FIELD AB The measured location of current node in sawtooth oscillation, r(n), by Soltwisch can be explained by employing the principle of minimum energy dissipation and current conservation within the q=1 surface (at r(1)). dj(phi)/dq(0)=0 requires r(n)/r(1)=[q(0)/(1+q(0))](1/2). (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Chu, TK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4383 EP 4384 DI 10.1063/1.1503069 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 595FA UT WOS:000178095700036 ER PT J AU Hanson, JD Hirshman, SP AF Hanson, JD Hirshman, SP TI Compact expressions for the Biot-Savart fields of a filamentary segment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB Compact and computationally efficient expressions for the Biot-Savart magnetic field and vector potential of a single filamentary segment are derived. The expressions are singular only on the segment. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hanson, JD (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2002 VL 9 IS 10 BP 4410 EP 4412 DI 10.1063/1.1507589 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 595FA UT WOS:000178095700044 ER PT J AU Carrigan, R Cox, B Moore, C AF Carrigan, R Cox, B Moore, C TI Charles Thornton Murphy SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Carrigan, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD OCT PY 2002 VL 55 IS 10 BP 72 EP 73 DI 10.1063/1.1522184 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 601HB UT WOS:000178439500023 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI Manufacturing firsts in physics SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 10 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 605PH UT WOS:000178685900018 ER PT J AU Huang, T Nicodemus, J Zarka, DG Thomashow, MF Wisniewski, M Duman, JG AF Huang, T Nicodemus, J Zarka, DG Thomashow, MF Wisniewski, M Duman, JG TI Expression of an insect (Dendroides canadensis) antifreeze protein in Arabidopsis thaliana results in a decrease in plant freezing temperature SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifreeze protein; Arabidopsis; cold adaptation ID THERMAL HYSTERESIS PROTEIN; PYROCHROID BEETLE LARVAE; RICH-REPEAT PROTEIN; ICE NUCLEATORS; LITHOBIUS-FORFICATUS; SUPERCOOLED STATE; TOLERANCE; AGENTS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; GLYCOPROTEINS AB Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants which express genes encoding insect, Dendroides canadensis, antifreeze proteins (AFP) were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The antifreeze protein genes, both with and without the signal peptide sequence (for protein secretion), were expressed in transformed plants. Thermal hysteresis activity (indicating the presence of active AFPs) was present in protein extracts from plants expressing both proteins and was also detected in leaf apoplast fluid from plants expressing AFPs with the signal peptide. Transgenic lines did not demonstrate improved ability to survive freezing when compared to wild-type. However, when cooled under four different regimes, transgenic lines with AFPs in the apoplast fluid froze at significantly lower temperatures than did wild-type, especially in the absence of extrinsic nucleation events. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. AFRS, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Duman, JG (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, POB 369, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 46 TC 45 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1023/A:1019875922535 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 600FY UT WOS:000178381000001 PM 12369611 ER PT J AU Asakura, N Takenaga, H Sakurai, S Tamai, H Sakasai, A Shimizu, K Porter, GD AF Asakura, N Takenaga, H Sakurai, S Tamai, H Sakasai, A Shimizu, K Porter, GD TI Particle control and SOL plasma flow in the W-shaped divertor of JT-60U tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; TRANSPORT AB Effect of divertor pumping on the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma and impurities has been studied in many divertor tokamaks: Recent experimental studies of particle exhaust and SOL flow in JT-60U are reviewed. Pumping flux at the inner and outer pumping slots of the W-shaped divertor was investigated under the attached and detached divertor conditions. The SOL flow pattern was determined, for the first time, at three locations, i.e. at the low-field-side SOL (the outer midplane and divertor X-point) and at the high-field-side SOL (above the inner baffle), using three reciprocating Mach probes. The measured profiles were compared with modelling results from two-dimensional plasma simulations, UEDGE-code, with the ion drift effects included. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Asakura, N (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD OCT PY 2002 VL 44 IS 10 BP 2101 EP 2119 AR PII S0741-3335(02)36054-8 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/10/303 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 614TH UT WOS:000179206400006 ER PT J AU Mantica, P Gorini, G Imbeaux, F Kinsey, J Sarazin, Y Budny, R Coffey, I Dux, R Garbet, X Garzotti, L Ingesson, C Kissick, M Parail, V Sozzi, C Walden, A AF Mantica, P Gorini, G Imbeaux, F Kinsey, J Sarazin, Y Budny, R Coffey, I Dux, R Garbet, X Garzotti, L Ingesson, C Kissick, M Parail, V Sozzi, C Walden, A CA EFDA-Jet Workprogramme TI Perturbative transport experiments in JET low or reverse magnetic shear plasmas SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK PROJECT PLASMAS; TRANSIENT TRANSPORT; BARRIER FORMATION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; ASDEX UPGRADE; ZONAL FLOWS; MODEL; TURBULENCE; DISCHARGES AB Perturbative transport experiments have been performed in JET low or reverse magnetic shear plasmas either in conditions of fully developed internal transport barrier (ITB) or during a phase where an ITB was not observed. Transient peripheral cooling was induced either by laser ablation or by shallow pellet injection, and the ensuing travelling cold pulse was used to probe the plasma transport in the electron and, for the first time, also in the ion channel. Cold pulses travelling through ITBs are observed to erode the ITB outer part, but, if the inner ITB portion survives, it strongly damps the propagating wave. The result is discussed in the context of proposed possible pictures for ITB formation. In the absence of an ITB, the cold pulse shows a fast propagation in the outer plasma half, which is consistent with a region of stiff transport, while in the inner half it slows down but shows the peculiar feature of amplitude growing while propagating. The data are powerful tests for the validation of theoretical transport models. C1 CNR, ENEA, EURATOM Assoc, Ist Fis Plasma, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Phys, INFM, Milan, Italy. CEA Cadarache, CEA, EURATOM Assoc, St Paul Les Durance, France. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CNR, ENEA, EURATOM Assoc, Ist Gas Ionizzati, I-35100 Padua, Italy. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasma Fys, NL-3439 MN Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP CNR, ENEA, EURATOM Assoc, Ist Fis Plasma, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Sozzi, Carlo/F-4158-2012; Imbeaux, Frederic/A-7614-2013; Mantica, Paola/K-3033-2012; Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Sozzi, Carlo/0000-0001-8951-0071; Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD OCT PY 2002 VL 44 IS 10 BP 2185 EP 2215 AR PII S0741-3335(02)33554-1 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/10/308 PG 31 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 614TH UT WOS:000179206400011 ER PT J AU Miner, NE Caudell, TP AF Miner, NE Caudell, TP TI A wavelet synthesis technique for creating realistic virtual environment sounds SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article AB This paper describes a new technique for synthesizing realistic sounds for virtual environments. The four-phase technique described uses wavelet analysis to create a sound model. Parameters are extracted from the model to provide dynamic sound synthesis control from a virtual environment simulation. Sounds can be synthesized in real time using the fast inverse wavelet transform. Perceptual experiment validation is an integral part of the model development process. This paper describes the four-phase process for creating the parameterized sound models. Several developed models and perceptual experiments for validating the sound synthesis veracity are described. The developed models and results demonstrate proof of the concept and illustrate the potential of this approach. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Miner, NE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 11 IS 5 BP 493 EP 507 DI 10.1162/105474602320935838 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 607PK UT WOS:000178799800005 ER PT J AU Miner, NE Goldsmith, TE Caudell, TP AF Miner, NE Goldsmith, TE Caudell, TP TI Perceptual validation experiments for evaluating the quality of wavelet-synthesized sounds SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID FEATURES AB This paper describes three psychoacoustic experiments that evaluated the perceptual quality of sounds generated from a new wavelet-based synthesis technique. The synthesis technique provides a method for modeling and synthesizing perceptually compelling sound, The experiments define a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of any synthesized sound. An identification task and a context-based rating task evaluated the perceptual quality of individual sounds. These experiments confirmed that the wavelet technique synthesizes a wide variety of compelling sounds from a small model set. The third experiment obtained sound similarity ratings. Psychological scaling methods were applied to the similarity ratings to generate both spatial and network models of the perceptual relations among the synthesized sounds. These analysis techniques helped to refine and extend the sound models. Overall, the studies provided a framework to validate synthesized sounds for a variety of applications including virtual reality and data sonification systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept EECE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Miner, NE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 11 IS 5 BP 508 EP 524 DI 10.1162/105474602320935847 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 607PK UT WOS:000178799800006 ER PT J AU Stevens, A Wang, Y Bremer, K Zhang, J Hoepfner, R Antoniou, M Schoenberg, DR Maquat, LE AF Stevens, A Wang, Y Bremer, K Zhang, J Hoepfner, R Antoniou, M Schoenberg, DR Maquat, LE TI beta-Globin mRNA decay in erythroid cells: UG site-preferred endonucleolytic cleavage that is augmented by a premature termination codon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nonsense codon; UG dinucleotides; mRNA endonuclease; polysomes ID ALBUMIN MESSENGER-RNA; DOMINANT CONTROL REGION; POLYSOMAL RIBONUCLEASE-1; IN-VITRO; NONSENSE CODONS; GENE; DESTABILIZATION; DEGRADATION; ELEMENTS; ENDORIBONUCLEASE AB Previous work showed that human beta-globin mRNAs harboring a premature termination codon are degraded in the erythroid tissues of mice to products that lack sequences from the mRNA 5' end but contain a 5' cap-like structure. Whether these decay products are the consequence of endonucleolytic or 5'-to-3' exonucleolytic activity is unclear. We report that this beta-globin mRNA decay pathway is recapitulated in cultured mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and targets nonsense-free mRNA to a lesser extent than nonsense-containing mRNA. S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension demonstrated that 70-80% of decay product 5' ends contain a UG dinucleotide. Detection of upstream counterparts of these decay products indicates that they are generated by endonucleolytic activity. Both crude and partially purified polysome extracts prepared from MEL cells contain an endonucleolytic activity that generates decay products comparable to those observed in vivo. These data suggest that an endonuclease with preference for UG dinucleotides is involved in the degradation of nonsense-containing and, to a lesser extent, nonsense-free human beta-globin mRNAs in mouse erythroid cells. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Dept Canc Genet, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Guys Hosp, GKT Sch Med, Div Med & Mol Genet, London SE1 9RT, England. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Schoenberg, DR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, 364 Hamilton Hall,1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM038277, R01 GM055407, R01 GM059614, GM59614, GM55407, GM38277] NR 32 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 20 BP 12741 EP 12746 DI 10.1073/pnas.192442399 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 600LK UT WOS:000178391700046 PM 12242335 ER PT J AU Sonnleitner, A Mannuzzu, LM Terakawa, S Isacoff, EY AF Sonnleitner, A Mannuzzu, LM Terakawa, S Isacoff, EY TI Structural rearrangements in single ion channels detected optically in living cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SHAKER K+ CHANNEL; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; VOLTAGE SENSOR; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; FLUORESCENCE; MOVEMENT; S4; SPECTROSCOPY; INACTIVATION; MICROSCOPY AB Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy was used to detect single fluorescently labeled voltage-gated Shaker K(+) channels in the plasma membrane of living cells. Tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) attached to specific amino acid positions in the voltage-sensing S4 segment changed fluorescence intensity in response to the voltage-driven protein motions of the channel. The voltage dependence of the fluorescence of single TMRs was similar to that seen in macroscopic epi-illumination microscopy, but the exclusion of nonchannel fluorescence revealed that the dimming of TMR upon voltage sensor rearrangement was much larger than previously thought, and is due to an extreme, approximate to20-fold suppression of the elementary fluorescence. The total internal reflection voltage-clamp method reveals protein motions that do not directly open or close the ion channel and which have therefore not been detected before at the single-channel level. The method should be applicable to a wide assortment of membrane-associated proteins and should make it possible to relate the structural rearrangements of single proteins to simultaneously measured physiological cell-signaling events. C1 Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Photon Med Res Ctr, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Hamamatsu Univ Sch Med, Photon Med Res Ctr, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4313192, Japan. EM eisacoff@socrates.berkeley.edu FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS035549, R01NS35549] NR 26 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 20 BP 12759 EP 12764 DI 10.1073/pnas.192261499 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 600LK UT WOS:000178391700049 PM 12228726 ER PT J AU Venclovas, C Colvin, ME Thelen, MP AF Venclovas, C Colvin, ME Thelen, MP TI Molecular modeling-based analysis of interactions in the RFC-dependent clamp-loading process SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE comparative modeling; AAA plus proteins; DNA replication; clamp loader; pentameric complex; Rad17; Ctf18; 9-1-1 checkpoint complex ID REPLICATION FACTOR-C; CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; DNA-POLYMERASE-III; SISTER-CHROMATID COHESION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CHECKPOINT PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SLIDING CLAMP; FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS AB Replication and related processes in eukaryotic cells require replication factor C (RFC) to load a molecular clamp for DNA polymerase in an ATP-driven process, involving multiple molecular interactions. The detailed understanding of this mechanism is hindered by the lack of data regarding structure, mutual arrangement, and dynamics of the players involved. In this study, we analyzed interactions that take place during loading onto DNA of either the PCNA clamp or the Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 checkpoint complex, using computationally derived molecular models. Combining the modeled structures for each RFC subunit with known structural, biochemical, and genetic data, we propose detailed models of how two of the RFC subunits, RFC1 and RFC3, interact with the C-terminal regions of PCNA. RFC1 is predicted to bind PCNA similarly to the p21-PCNA interaction, while the RFC3-PCNA binding is proposed to be similar to the E. coli delta-beta interaction. Additional sequence and structure analysis, supported by experimental data, suggests that RFC5 might be the third clamp loader subunit to bind the equivalent PCNA region. We discuss functional implications stemming from the proposed model of the RFC1-PCNA interaction and compare putative clamp-interacting regions in RFC1 and its paralogs, Rad17 and Ctf18. Based on the individual intermolecular interactions, we propose RFC and PCNA arrangement that places three RFC subunits in association with each of the three C-terminal regions in PCNA. The two other RFC subunits are positioned at the two PCNA interfaces, with the third PCNA interface left unobstructed. In addition, we map interactions at the level of individual subunits between the alternative clamp loader/clamp system, Rad17-RFC2-5/Rad9-Rad1-Hus1. The proposed models of interaction between two clamp/clamp loader pairs provide both structural framework for interpretation of existing experimental data and a number of specific findings that can be subjected to direct experimental testing. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat & Syst Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Venclovas, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat & Syst Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-448,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM venclovas@lln1.gov RI Thelen, Michael/C-6834-2008; Thelen, Michael/G-2032-2014 OI Thelen, Michael/0000-0002-2479-5480; Thelen, Michael/0000-0002-2479-5480 NR 61 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2403 EP 2416 DI 10.1110/ps.0214302 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 594PP UT WOS:000178059800013 PM 12237462 ER PT J AU Lehmann, C Lim, K Toedt, J Krajewski, W Howard, A Eisenstein, E Herzberg, O AF Lehmann, C Lim, K Toedt, J Krajewski, W Howard, A Eisenstein, E Herzberg, O TI Structure of 2C-methyl-D-erythrol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase from haemophilus influenzae: Activation by conformational transition SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM osnat@carb.nist.gov RI ID, IMCACAT/D-5867-2014 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM57890] NR 12 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1002/prot.10182 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 590BL UT WOS:000177797300014 PM 12211023 ER PT J AU Kuhn, P Lesley, SA Mathews, II Canaves, JM Brinen, LS Dai, XP Deacon, AM Elsliger, MA Eshaghi, S Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JM Kreusch, AT McMullan, D McPhillips, TM Miller, MA Miller, M Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Robb, A Rodrigues, K Selby, TL Spraggon, G Stevens, RC Taylor, SS van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Wooley, J Wilson, IA AF Kuhn, P Lesley, SA Mathews, II Canaves, JM Brinen, LS Dai, XP Deacon, AM Elsliger, MA Eshaghi, S Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JM Kreusch, AT McMullan, D McPhillips, TM Miller, MA Miller, M Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Robb, A Rodrigues, K Selby, TL Spraggon, G Stevens, RC Taylor, SS van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Wooley, J Wilson, IA TI Crystal structure of thy1, a thymidylate synthase complementing protein from Thermotoga maritima at 2.25 angstrom resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article C1 Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Genom Inst Novartis Fdn, San Diego, CA USA. San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50-GM 62411] NR 10 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 EI 1097-0134 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 142 EP 145 DI 10.1002/prot.10202 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 590BL UT WOS:000177797300016 PM 12211025 ER PT J AU Jia, J Lunin, VV Sauve, V Huang, LW Matte, A Cygler, M AF Jia, J Lunin, VV Sauve, V Huang, LW Matte, A Cygler, M TI Crystal structure of the YciO protein from Escherichia coli SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. Montreal Joint Ctr Struct Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cygler, M (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Biotechnol Res Inst, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, PQ H4P 2R2, Canada. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 139 EP 141 DI 10.1002/prot.10178 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 590BL UT WOS:000177797300015 PM 12211024 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB Bohlke, JK De Bievre, P Ding, T Holden, NE Hopple, JA Krouse, HR Lamberty, A Peiser, HS Revesz, K Rieder, SE Rosman, KJR Roth, E Taylor, PDP Vocke, RD Xiao, YK AF Coplen, TB Bohlke, JK De Bievre, P Ding, T Holden, NE Hopple, JA Krouse, HR Lamberty, A Peiser, HS Revesz, K Rieder, SE Rosman, KJR Roth, E Taylor, PDP Vocke, RD Xiao, YK TI Isotope-abundance variations of selected elements - (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; ATOMIC-WEIGHT; REFERENCE SAMPLE; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; ABSOLUTE ABUNDANCE; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; NATURAL VARIATIONS; CALCIUM ISOTOPES; FORMATION WATERS AB Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic-weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic-weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope-abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic-weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic-weight uncertainties. This compilation indicates the extent to which the atomic weight of an element in a given material may differ from the standard atomic weight of the element. For most elements given above, data are graphically illustrated by a diagram in which the materials are specified in the ordinate and the compositional ranges are plotted along the abscissa in scales of (1) atomic weight, (2) mole fraction of a selected isotope, and (3) delta value of a selected isotope ratio. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Mineral Deposits, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Acad Sinica, Qinghai Inst Salt Lakes, Xining 810008, Qinghai, Peoples R China. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM tbcoplen@usgs.gov RI Shrestha, Yesha/N-8890-2014 NR 140 TC 229 Z9 242 U1 7 U2 58 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1987 EP 2017 DI 10.1351/pac200274101987 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 623YL UT WOS:000179732500017 ER PT J AU Balatsky, AV Martin, I AF Balatsky, A. V. Martin, I. TI Theory of Single Spin Detection with STM SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Single spin; precession; STM; spin-orbit; coupling AB We propose a mechanism for detection of a single spin center on a non-magnetic substrate. In the detection scheme, the STM tunnel current is correlated with the spin orientation. In the presence of magnetic field, the spin precesses and the tunnel current is modulated at the Larmor frequency. The mechanism relies on the effective spin-orbit interaction between the injected unpolarized STM current and the local spin center, which leads to the nodal structure of the spatial signal profile. Based on the proposed mechanism, the strongest spin-related signal can be expected for the systems with large spin-orbit coupling and low carrier concentration. C1 [Balatsky, A. V.; Martin, I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balatsky, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM balatsky@yahoo.com FU U.S. DoE FX We are grateful to G. Boebinger, F. Bronold, G. Brown, J. C. Davis, D. Eigler, C. Hammel, M. Hawley, Y. Manassen, A. Migliory, D. Mozyrsky, Y. Nazarov, D. Pines and A. Yazdani for useful discussions. We are grateful to D. Mozyrsky for pointing out unversal features of the current spectral density. This work was supported by the U.S. DoE. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 1 IS 5 BP 355 EP 364 DI 10.1023/A:1023465729846 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA V25TR UT WOS:000208500800004 ER PT J AU Jones, IM Galick, H Kato, P Langlois, RG Mendelsohn, ML Murphy, GA Pleshanov, P Ramsey, MJ Thomas, CB Tucker, JD Tureva, L Vorobtsova, I Nelson, DO AF Jones, IM Galick, H Kato, P Langlois, RG Mendelsohn, ML Murphy, GA Pleshanov, P Ramsey, MJ Thomas, CB Tucker, JD Tureva, L Vorobtsova, I Nelson, DO TI Three somatic genetic biomarkers and covariates in radiation-exposed Russian cleanup workers of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor 6-13 years after exposure SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; IN-SITU-HYBRIDIZATION; HPRT MUTANT FREQUENCY; GLYCOPHORIN-A LOCUS; POWER-PLANT ACCIDENT; PREDICT HUMAN CANCER; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; IONIZING-RADIATION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD AB Three somatic mutation assays were evaluated in men exposed to low-dose, whole-body, ionizing radiation. Blood samples were obtained between 1992 and 1999 from 625 Russian Chernobyl cleanup workers and 182 Russian controls. The assays were chromosome translocations in lymphocytes detected by FISH, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) mutant frequency in lymphocytes by cloning, and flow cytometic assay for glycophorin A (GPA) variant frequency of both deletion (N/phi) and recombination (N/N) events detected in erythrocytes. Over 30 exposure and lifestyle covariates were available from questionnaires. Among the covariates evaluated, some increased (e.g. age, smoking) and others decreased (e.g. date of sample) biomarker responses at a magnitude comparable to Chernobyl exposure. When adjusted for covariates, exposure at Chernobyl was a statistically significant factor for translocation frequency (increase of 30%, 95% CI of 10%-53%, P = 0.002) and HPRT mutant frequency (increase of 41%, 95% CI of 19%-66%, P < 0.001), but not for either GPA assay. The estimated average dose for the cleanup workers based on the average increase in translocations was 9.5 cGy. Translocation analysis is the preferred biomarker for low-dose radiation dosimetry given its sensitivity, relatively few covariates, and dose-response data. Based on this estimated dose, the risk of exposure-related cancer is expected to be low. (C) 2002 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Minist Hlth, Appl Ecol Res Lab, Moscow, Russia. Tula Diagnost Ctr, Tula, Russia. Minist Hlth, Cent Res Inst Roentgenol & Radiol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Jones, IM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-441, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA59431] NR 76 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 158 IS 4 BP 424 EP 442 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0424:TSGBAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 599LZ UT WOS:000178337300003 PM 12236810 ER PT J AU Ehrenfreund, P Irvine, W Becker, L Blank, J Brucato, JR Colangeli, L Derenne, S Despois, D Dutrey, A Fraaije, H Lazcano, A Owen, T Robert, F AF Ehrenfreund, P Irvine, W Becker, L Blank, J Brucato, JR Colangeli, L Derenne, S Despois, D Dutrey, A Fraaije, H Lazcano, A Owen, T Robert, F CA Intl Space Sci I ISSI Team TI Astrophysical and astrochemical insights into the origin of life SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; AMORPHOUS-CARBON GRAINS; DENSE MOLECULAR CLOUDS; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; COMET HALE-BOPP; ULTRAVIOLET INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; MIDINFRARED SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; PRIMITIVE EARTH CONDITIONS; INSOLUBLE ORGANIC-MATTER AB Stellar nucleosynthesis of heavy elements such as carbon allowed the formation of organic molecules in space, which appear to be widespread in our Galaxy. The physical and chemical conditions-including density, temperature, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and energetic particles-determine reaction pathways and the complexity of organic molecules in different space environments. Dense interstellar clouds are the birth sites of stars of all masses and their planetary systems. During the protostellar collapse, interstellar organic molecules in gaseous and solid phases-are integrated into protostellar disks from which planets and smaller solar system bodies form. After the formation of the planets 4.6 billion years ago, our solar system, including the Earth, was subjected to frequent impacts for several hundred million years. Life on Earth may have emerged during or shortly after this heavy bombardment phase, perhaps as early as 3.90-3.85 billion years ago, but the exact timing remains uncertain. A prebiotic reducing atmosphere, if present, predicts that building blocks of biopolymers-such as amino acids, sugars, purines and pyrimidines-would be formed in abundance. Recent modelling of the Earth's early atmosphere suggests, in contrast, more neutral conditions (e.g. H2O, N-2, CO2), thus, precluding the formation of significant concentrations of prebiotic organic compounds. Moreover, even if the Earth's atmosphere were reducing, the presence of UV photons would readily destroy organic compounds unless they were quickly sequestered away in rocks or in the prebiotic ocean. Other possible sources of organic compounds would be high temperature vent chemistry, although the stability of such compounds (bases, amino acids) in these environments remains problematic. Finally, organic compounds may have been delivered to the Earth by asteroids, comets and smaller fragments, such as meteorites and interplanetary dust particles. It is likely that a combination of these sources contributed to the building blocks of life on the early Earth. It may even have taken several starts before life surpassed the less than ideal conditions at the surface. What is certain is that once life emerged, it learned to adapt quickly taking advantage of every available refuge and energy source (e.g. photosynthesis and chemosynthesis), an attribute that eventually led to complex metabolic life and even. our own existence. Current experimental research investigating the origin of life is focused on the spontaneous formation of stable polymers out of monomers. However, understanding the spontaneous formation of structure is not enough to understand the formation of life. The introduction and evolution of information and complexity is essential to our definition of life. The formation of complexity and the means to distribute and store information are currently being investigated in a number of theoretical frameworks, such as evolving algorithms, chaos theory and modem evolution theory. In this paper we review the physical and chemical processes that form and process organic matter in space. In particular we discuss the chemical pathways of organic matter in the interstellar medium, its evolution in protoplanetary disks and its integration into solar system material. Furthermore, we investigate the role of impacts and the delivery of organic matter to the prebiotic Earth. Processes that may have assembled prebiotic molecules to produce the first genetic material and ideas about the formation of complexity in chemical networks are also discussed. C1 Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Soft Matter Astrobiol Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Lederle Grad Res Ctr 619, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Crystal Studies, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Shock Phys Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, CNRS, UMR 7573, Lab Chim Bioorgan & Organ Phys, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Observ Aquitain Sci Univers OASO, F-33270 Floirac, France. Observ Grenoble, LAOG, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Mineral, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Ehrenfreund, P (reprint author), Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RI Derenne, Sylvie/I-9853-2014; OI Derenne, Sylvie/0000-0002-3446-9312; Brucato, John Robert/0000-0002-4738-5521 NR 325 TC 169 Z9 169 U1 16 U2 103 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1427 EP 1487 AR PII S0034-4885(02)04039-3 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/65/10/202 PG 61 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 614VJ UT WOS:000179211900002 ER PT J AU Koomey, JG AF Koomey, JG TI Information technology and resource use: editor's introduction to the special issue SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koomey, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 169 EP 173 AR PII S0921-3449(02)00078-2 DI 10.1016/S0921-3449(02)00078-2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605RE UT WOS:000178690200001 ER PT J AU Mitchell-Jackson, J Koomey, JG Blazek, M Nordman, B AF Mitchell-Jackson, J Koomey, JG Blazek, M Nordman, B TI National and regional implications of internet data center growth in the US SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article DE data centers; power; electricity consumption; power densities AB The electricity consumption of data center hosting facilities (also known as server farms or server hotels) is a growing concern to utility demand forecasters, data center facility managers, energy analysts and policy makers. Combining estimates of US computer room floor space for hosting facilities with total computer room power density, we found that these US data centers in the aggregate required less than 500 MW of power in 2000, and used only about 0.12% of the electricity consumed nationwide in that year. In this paper, our order-of-magnitude estimate suggests that energy demands of these facilities do not represent an enormous new burden on the electricity industry as a whole. The fact that these facilities tend to be concentrated in certain areas, however, may mean that there will be significant regional electricity demands in some parts of the country. If combined heat and power (CHP) technologies were introduced to data center facilities on a large scale, initial calculations indicate that these facilities might even become net contributors of power to the electric grid. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koomey, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 175 EP 185 AR PII S0921-3449(02)00080-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-3449(02)00080-0 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 605RE UT WOS:000178690200002 ER PT J AU Ablett, JM Kao, CC Lunt, A AF Ablett, JM Kao, CC Lunt, A TI The design and performance of an x-ray micro-focusing system using differentially deposited elliptical mirrors at the National Synchrotron Light Source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID STATIC PRESSURES; SELF-ABSORPTION; UNDULATOR; GENERATION; MEGABARS; TLREO4 AB The National Synchrotron Light Source X13 straight section houses two insertion devices: a small-gap undulator (IVUN) and an elliptically polarized wiggler. The low vertical beta function at the center of the straight section, where IVUN is located, produces an extremely small vertical source size [full width at half maximum (FWHM)=15.5 mum]. To take advantage of the small source size for a wide range of x-ray microbeam applications, a Kirkpatrick-Baez pair of 10 cm long elliptically figured mirrors, fabricated using a differential-deposition technique, was designed and implemented. A FWHM focused spot size of 3 mum (vertical) by 9 mum (horizontal) was achieved. The performance of this microfocusing system and selected applications are reported. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Spectrogon AZ Inc, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Ablett, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3464 EP 3468 DI 10.1063/1.1505656 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 598CK UT WOS:000178257400006 ER PT J AU Cerullo, N Esposito, J Leung, KN Custodero, S AF Cerullo, N Esposito, J Leung, KN Custodero, S TI An irradiation facility for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy application based on a radio frequency driven D-T neutron source and a new beam shaping assembly SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A line of the Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) research program aimed at the treatment of brain tumors, carried on at the Nuclear Departments of Pisa and Genova Universities (DIMNP and DITEC), is being focused on a new, H-3(d,n)He-4 (D-T), accelerator-based neutron source concept, developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Simple and compact accelerator designs, using mixed D+ T+ ion beam with relatively low energy, similar to100 keV, have been developed which, in turn, can generate high neutron yields. New approaches have thus been started to design an epithermal neutron irradiation facility able to selectively slow the 14.1 MeV D-T neutrons down to the epithermal (1 eV-10 KeV) energy range. New neutron spectrum shifter and filtering materials, as well as different facility layout approaches have been tested. Possible beam shaping assembly models have also been designed. The research demonstrates that a D-T neutron source could be successfully implemented to provide a similar to1x10(9) n/cm(2) s epithermal neutron flux, in spite of its hard spectrum, although a generator device, able to yield similar to10(14) n/s is, at present, not yet available. The latest Monte Carlo simulation of an accelerator-based facility, which relies on a single or multiple rf driven DT fusion neutron generator, is presented. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Pisa, DIMNP, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Univ Genoa, DITEC, I-16145 Genoa, Italy. LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. EUROSEA, I-10144 Turin, Italy. RP Cerullo, N (reprint author), Univ Pisa, DIMNP, 2 Via Diotisalvi, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RI Esposito, Juan/H-3240-2012 OI Esposito, Juan/0000-0002-6443-7039 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3614 EP 3618 DI 10.1063/1.1505128 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 598CK UT WOS:000178257400029 ER PT J AU Klein, BE Seo, S Kwon, C Park, BH Jia, QX AF Klein, BE Seo, S Kwon, C Park, BH Jia, QX TI Imaging transport current distribution in high temperature superconductors using room temperature scanning laser microscope SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID JUNCTIONS AB We report the feasibility of room temperature scanning laser microscopy (RTSLM) for the study of high temperature superconducting films. RTSLM images from SmBa2Cu3O7 and YBa2Cu3O7 thin films show that the ac voltage response exists only in the section of the bridge where the transport current produces a voltage drop. A photolithographically defined 60 mumx60 mum void in a 300-mum-wide bridge was clearly visible in a RTSLM image giving the spatial resolution smaller than 60 mum. In addition, the void disturbs the transport current distribution beyond itself generating an elongated shape void of 64 mumx85 mum with the longer side along the direction of current flow in the RTSLM image. Our results indicate that the RTSLM is a useful tool for investigating the transport current distribution in high temperature superconductors. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kwon, C (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008; Park, Bae Ho/D-4840-2011; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 73 IS 10 BP 3692 EP 3694 DI 10.1063/1.1505653 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 598CK UT WOS:000178257400041 ER PT J AU Woosley, SE Heger, A Weaver, TA AF Woosley, SE Heger, A Weaver, TA TI The evolution and explosion of massive stars SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID WOLF-RAYET STARS; NEUTRINO-DRIVEN WINDS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; M-CIRCLE-DOT; WEAK-INTERACTION RATES; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; S-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE AB Like all true stars, massive stars are gravitationally confined thermonuclear reactors whose composition evolves as energy is lost to radiation and neutrinos. Unlike lower-mass stars (Mless than or similar to8M), however, no point is ever reached at which a massive star can be fully supported by electron degeneracy. Instead, the center evolves to ever higher temperatures, fusing ever heavier elements until a core of iron is produced. The collapse of this iron core to a neutron star releases an enormous amount of energy, a tiny fraction of which is sufficient to explode the star as a supernova. The authors examine our current understanding of the lives and deaths of massive stars, with special attention to the relevant nuclear and stellar physics. Emphasis is placed upon their post-helium-burning evolution. Current views regarding the supernova explosion mechanism are reviewed, and the hydrodynamics of supernova shock propagation and "fallback" is discussed. The calculated neutron star masses, supernova light curves, and spectra from these model stars are shown to be consistent with observations. During all phases, particular attention is paid to the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. Such stars are capable of producing, with few exceptions, the isotopes between mass 16 and 88 as well as a large fraction of still heavier elements made by the r and p processes. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM woosley@ucolick.org; alex@ucolick.org NR 441 TC 841 Z9 854 U1 5 U2 73 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1071 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.1015 PG 57 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 626NJ UT WOS:000179878900004 ER PT J AU Budker, D Gawlik, W Kimball, DF Rochester, SM Yashchuk, VV Weis, A AF Budker, D Gawlik, W Kimball, DF Rochester, SM Yashchuk, VV Weis, A TI Resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atoms SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; AHARONOV-CASHER PHASE; LASER FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; TRANSVERSE-MAGNETIC-FIELD; LEVEL-CROSSING EXPERIMENTS; ALKALI-METAL VAPOR; DOPPLER-BROADENED TRANSITIONS; ELLIPTICALLY-POLARIZED-LIGHT; TO-ORIENTATION CONVERSION AB The authors review the history, current status, physical mechanisms, experimental methods, and applications of nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atomic vapors. They begin by describing the pioneering work of Macaluso and Corbino over a century ago on linear magneto-optical effects (in which the properties of the medium do not depend on the light power) in the vicinity of atomic resonances. These effects are then contrasted with various nonlinear magneto-optical phenomena that have been studied both theoretically and experimentally since the late 1960s. In recent years, the field of nonlinear magneto-optics has experienced a revival of interest that has led to a number of developments, including the observation of ultranarrow (1-Hz) magneto-optical resonances, applications in sensitive magnetometry, nonlinear magneto-optical tomography, and the possibility of a search for parity- and time-reversal-invariance violation in atoms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fiz M Smoluchowskiego, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Univ Fribourg, Dept Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM budker@socrates.berkeley.edu; gawlik@uj.edu.pl; dfk@uclink4.berkeley.edu; simonkeys@yahoo.com; yashchuk@socrates.berkeley.edu; antoine.weis@unifr.ch RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 417 TC 385 Z9 395 U1 14 U2 93 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1201 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.1153 PG 49 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 626NJ UT WOS:000179878900007 ER PT J AU Bennett, DH Margni, MD McKone, TE Jolliet, O AF Bennett, DH Margni, MD McKone, TE Jolliet, O TI Intake fraction for multimedia pollutants: A tool for life cycle analysis and comparative risk assessment SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE multimedia modeling; life cycle analysis; comparative risk assessment; exposure; intake fraction ID PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; TOXICITY POTENTIALS; EVALUATIVE FATE; EXPOSURE; VARIABILITY; CHEMICALS; HEALTH; MODEL AB We employ the intake fraction (iF) as an effective tool for expressing the source-to-intake relationship for pollutant emissions in life cycle analysis (LCA) or comparative risk assessment. Intake fraction is the fraction of chemical mass emitted into the environment that eventually passes into a member of the population through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure. To date, this concept has been primarily applied to pollutants whose primary route of exposure is inhalation. Here we extend the use of iF to multimedia pollutants with multiple exposure pathways. We use a level III multimedia model to calculate iF for TCDD and compare the result to one calculated from measured levels of dioxin toxic equivalents in the environment. We calculate iF for emissions to air and surface water for 308 chemicals. We correlate the primary exposure route with the magnitudes of the octanol-water partition coefficient, K-ow, and of the air-water partitioning coefficient (dimensionless Henry constant), K-aw. This results in value ranges of K-ow, and K-aw where the chemical exposure route can be classified with limited input data requirements as primarily inhalation, primarily ingestion, or multipathway. For the inhalation and ingestion dominant pollutants, we also define empirical relationships based on chemical properties for quantifying the intake fraction. The empirical relationships facilitate rapid evaluation of many chemicals in terms of the intake. By defining a theoretical upper limit for iF in a multimedia environment we find that iF calculations provide insight into the multimedia model algorithms and help identify unusual patterns of exposure and questionable exposure model results. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ecosyst Management, Lausanne, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP McKone, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Jolliet, Olivier/0000-0001-6955-4210 NR 33 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 BP 905 EP 918 DI 10.1111/1539-6924.00260 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 612KB UT WOS:000179072700008 PM 12442988 ER PT J AU Elrick, M Snider, AC AF Elrick, M Snider, AC TI Deep-water stratigraphic cyclicity and carbonate mud mound development in the Middle Cambrian Marjum Formation, House Range, Utah, USA SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cambrian; cyclicity; deep water; mud mounds; sea level ID PLATFORM CARBONATES; LOWER MISSISSIPPIAN; VIRGINIA APPALACHIANS; STACKING PATTERNS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GREAT-BASIN; KESS-KESS; STROMATACTIS; BUILDUPS; CLIMATE AB In mid-Middle Cambrian time, shallow-water sedimentation along the Cordilleran passive margin was abruptly interrupted by the development of the deep-water House Range embayment across Nevada and Utah. The Marjum Formation (330 m) in the central House Range represents deposition in the deepest part of the embayment and is composed of five deep-water facies: limestone-argillaceous limestone rhythmites; shale; thin carbonate mud mounds; bioturbated limestone; and cross-bedded limestone. These facies are cyclically arranged into 1.5 to 30 m thick parasequences that include rhythmite-mound, rhythmite-shale, rhythmite-bioturbated limestone and rhythmite-cross-bedded limestone parasequences. Using biostratigraphically constrained sediment accumulation rates, the parasequences range in duration from approximate to14 to 270 kyr. The mud mounds are thin (<2 m), closely spaced, laterally linked, symmetrical domes composed of massive, fenestral, peloidal to clotted microspar with sparse unoriented, poorly sorted skeletal material, calcitized bacterial(?) filaments/tubes and abundant fenestrae and stromatactoid structures. These petrographic and sedimentological features suggest that the microspar, peloids/clots and syndepositional micritic cement were precipitated in situ from the activity of benthic microbial communities. Concentrated growth of the microbial communities occurred during periods of decreased input of fine detrital carbonate transported offshore from the adjacent shallow-water carbonate platform. In the neighbouring Wah Wah Range and throughout the southern Great Basin, coeval mid-Middle Cambrian shallow-water carbonates are composed of abundant metre-scale, upward-shallowing parasequences that record high-frequency (10(4)-10(5) years) eustatic sea-level changes. Given this regional stratigraphic relationship, the Marjum Formation parasequences probably formed in response to high-frequency sea-level fluctuations that controlled the amount of detrital carbonate input into the deeper water embayment. During high-frequency sea-level rise and early highstand, detrital carbonate input into the embayment decreased as a result of carbonate factory retrogradation, resulting in the deposition of shale (base of rhythmite-shale parasequences) or thin nodular rhythmites, followed by in situ precipitated mud mounds (lower portion of rhythmite-mound parasequences). During the ensuing high-frequency sea-level fall/lowstand, detrital carbonate influx into the embayment increased on account of carbonate factory pro-gradation towards the embayment, resulting in deposition of rhythmites (upper part of rhythmite-mound parasequences), reworking of rhythmites by a lowered storm wave base (cross-bedded limestone deposition) or bioturbation of rhythmites by a weakened/lowered O-2-minimum zone (bioturbated limestone deposition). This interpreted sea-level control on offshore carbonate sedimentation patterns is unique to Palaeozoic and earliest Mesozoic deep-water sediments. After the evolution of calcareous plankton in the Jurassic, the presence or absence of deeper water carbonates was influenced by a variety of chemical and physical oceanographic factors, rather than just physical transport of carbonate muds. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US DOE, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Elrick, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 91 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 1021 EP 1047 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00488.x PG 27 WC Geology SC Geology GA 608PF UT WOS:000178854800007 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JL Schofield, SR Simmons, MY Clark, RG Dzurak, AS Curson, NJ Kane, BE McAlpine, NS Hawley, ME Brown, GW AF O'Brien, JL Schofield, SR Simmons, MY Clark, RG Dzurak, AS Curson, NJ Kane, BE McAlpine, NS Hawley, ME Brown, GW TI Scanning tunnelling microscope fabrication of arrays of phosphorus atom qubits for a silicon quantum computer SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI(001) SURFACES; SI(100); HYDROGEN; SI; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DISSOCIATION; EXCITATION; GROWTH; STEPS AB Recognition of the potentially massive computational power of a quantum computer has driven a considerable experimental effort to build such a device. Of the various possible physical implementations, silicon-based architectures are attractive for the long spin relaxation times involved, their scalability, and ease of integration with existing silicon technology. However, their fabrication requires construction at the atomic scale-an immense technological challenge. Here we outline a detailed strategy for the construction of a phosphorus in silicon quantum computer and demonstrate the first significant step towards this goal-the fabrication of atomically precise arrays of single phosphorus bearing molecules on a silicon surface. After using a monolayer hydrogen resist to passivate a silicon surface we apply pulsed voltages to a scanning tunnelling microscope tip to selectively desorb individual hydrogen atoms with atomic resolution. Exposure of this surface to the phosphorus precursor phosphine results in precise placement of single phosphorus atoms on the surface. We also describe preliminary studies into a process to incorporate these surface phosphorus atoms into the silicon crystal at the array sites. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Dzurak, Andrew/C-5973-2009; O'Brien, Jeremy/A-6290-2008; Simmons, Michelle/B-2755-2010; OI Simmons, Michelle/0000-0002-6422-5888; O'Brien, Jeremy/0000-0002-3576-8285 NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 11 IS 5 BP 741 EP 748 AR PII S0964-1726(02)52478-2 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/11/5/318 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 612LH UT WOS:000179076600019 ER PT J AU Houston, TW Costantino, CJ Hossain, Q Stone, NE AF Houston, TW Costantino, CJ Hossain, Q Stone, NE TI Foundation design considerations for a pile supported critical facility SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake engineering (SDEE 01) CY OCT 07-10, 2001 CL DREXEL UNIV, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA HO DREXEL UNIV DE pile; foundation; design; seismic; criteria; analyses; soil-structure interaction AB A large reinforced concrete structure supported on piles extending to bedrock is evaluated using a seismic soil-structure interaction analysis. The physical structure, the supporting pile system, analysis model and analytical methodology used are described. Important considerations in the design of the foundation pile system using the seismic analysis loadings and deformations are discussed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Struct Dynam Engn, Augusta, GA USA. CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hazard Mitigat Ctr, Livermore, CA USA. BWXTY12, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Houston, TW (reprint author), Struct Dynam Engn, Augusta, GA USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0267-7261 J9 SOIL DYN EARTHQ ENG JI Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 9-12 BP 1169 EP 1174 AR PII S0267-7261(02)00144-6 DI 10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00144-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 628PG UT WOS:000180004500051 ER PT J AU Ebong, A Cho, YH Hilali, M Rohatgi, A Ruby, D AF Ebong, A Cho, YH Hilali, M Rohatgi, A Ruby, D TI Rapid thermal technologies for high-efficiency silicon solar cells SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE rapid thermal processing; silicon; solar cell; screen-printing AB This paper shows that rapidly formed emitters in less than 6 min in the hot zone of a conveyor belt furnace or in 3 min in an rapid thermal processing (RTP) system, in conjunction with a screen-printed (SP) RTP Al-BSF and passivating oxide formed simultaneously in 2 min can produce very simple high-efficiency n(+)-p-p(+) cells with no surface texturing, point contacts, or selective emitter. It is shown for the first time that an 80 Omega/square emitter and SP Al-back surface field (BSF) formed in a high throughput belt furnace produced 19% FZ cells and greater than 17% CZ cells with photolithography (PL) contacts. Using PL contacts, we also achieved 19% efficient cells on FZ, > 18% on MCZ, and similar to17% boron-doped CZ by emitter and SP Al-BSF formation in < 10 min in a single wafer RTP system. Finally, manufacturable cells with 45 &UOmega;/&SQU; emitter and SP Al-BSF and Ag contacts formed in the conveyor belt furnace gave 17% efficient cells on FZ silicon. Compared to the PL cells, the SP cell gave &SIM;2% lower efficiency along with a decrease in J(sc) and fill factor. This loss in performance is attributed to a combination of the poor blue response, higher series resistance and higher contact shading in the SP devices (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Univ Ctr Excellence Photovolta Res & Educ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ebong, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Univ Ctr Excellence Photovolta Res & Educ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD OCT PY 2002 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 51 EP 55 AR PII S0927-0248(02)00047-8 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(02)00047-8 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 595TY UT WOS:000178125900006 ER PT J AU Ruby, DS Zaidi, SH Narayanan, S Damiani, BM Rohatgi, A AF Ruby, DS Zaidi, SH Narayanan, S Damiani, BM Rohatgi, A TI Rie-texturing of multicrystalline silicon solar cells SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE silicon solar cells; multicrystalline silicon cells; plasma texturing; plasma etching AB We developed a maskless plasma texturing technique for multicrystalline silicon cells using reactive ion etching that results in higher cell performance than that of standard untextured cells. Elimination of plasma damage has been achieved while keeping front reflectance to extremely low levels. Internal quantum efficiencies as high as those on planar cells have been obtained, boosting cell currents and efficiencies by up to 7% on evaporated metal and 4% on screen-printed cells. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Gratings Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. BP Solar, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ruby, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD OCT PY 2002 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 133 EP 137 AR PII S0927-0248(02)00057-0 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(02)00057-0 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 595TY UT WOS:000178125900016 ER PT J AU Remelman, M Berzins, LV Thomas, RS AF Remelman, M Berzins, LV Thomas, RS TI High bandwidth measurement systems push limits of transducers and techniques SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Spectral Dynam Inc, Fremont, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Remelman, M (reprint author), Spectral Dynam Inc, Fremont, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 USA SN 0038-1810 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 10 BP 6 EP + PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 613XB UT WOS:000179155800002 ER PT J AU Seright, RS Liang, J Lindquist, WB Dunsmuir, JH AF Seright, RS Liang, J Lindquist, WB Dunsmuir, JH TI Characterizing disproportionate permeability reduction using synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography SO SPE RESERVOIR EVALUATION & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Soc Petr Engineers ID WATER AB X-ray computed microtomography was used to investigate why gels reduce permeability to water more than that to oil in strongly water-wet Berea sandstone and in an oil-wet porous polyethylene core. Although the two porous media had very different porosities (22% vs. 40%), the distributions of pore sizes and aspect ratios were similar. A Cr(III)-acetate-HPAM gel caused comparable oil and water permeability reductions in both porous media. In both cores, the gel reduced permeability to water by a factor 80 to 90 times more than that to oil. However, the distributions of water and oil saturations (vs. pore size) were substantially different before, during, and after gel placement. This paper examines the mechanism for the disproportionate permeability reduction in the two porous media. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Petr Recovery Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Seright, RS (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Petr Recovery Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1094-6470 J9 SPE RESERV EVAL ENG JI SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 5 IS 5 BP 355 EP 364 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 605VM UT WOS:000178697800002 ER PT J AU Li, HL DeRosier, DJ Nicholson, WV Nogales, E Downing, KH AF Li, HL DeRosier, DJ Nicholson, WV Nogales, E Downing, KH TI Microtubule structure at 8 angstrom Resolution SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE tubulin; microtubules; electron crystallography; protein structure; dynamic instability ID ALPHA-BETA-TUBULIN; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; RADON TRANSFORMS; MOTOR PROTEINS; TAXOL-BINDING; KINESIN MOTOR; MODEL; DYNAMICS; IMAGES AB We have obtained a 3D reconstruction of intact microtubules, using cryoelectron microscopy and image processing, at a resolution of about 8 Angstrom, sufficient to resolve much of the secondary structure. The level of detail in the map allows docking of the tubulin structure previously determined by electron crystallography, with very strong constraints, providing several important insights not previously available through docking tubulin into lower-resolution maps. This work provides an improved picture of the interactions between adjacent protofilaments, which are responsible for microtubule stability, and also suggests that some structural features are different in microtubules from those in the zinc sheets with which the tubulin structure was determined. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Downing, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM26357, GM35433, GM40633] NR 36 TC 264 Z9 271 U1 1 U2 23 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD OCT PY 2002 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1317 EP 1328 AR PII S0969-2126(02)00827-4 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00827-4 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 601XX UT WOS:000178475400006 PM 12377118 ER PT J AU Jing, H Takagi, J Liu, JH Lindgren, S Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A Wang, JH Springer, TA AF Jing, H Takagi, J Liu, JH Lindgren, S Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A Wang, JH Springer, TA TI Archaeal surface layer proteins contain beta propeller, PKD, and beta helix domains and are related to metazoan cell surface proteins SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE surface layer protein; beta propeller; PKD; beta helix; domain architecture; Methanosarcina ID METHANOSARCINA-MAZEI S-6; POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BINDING; PROFILE; SYSTEM; GENES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; SUPERFAMILY AB The surface layer of archaeobacteria protects cells from extreme environments and, in Methanosarcina, may regulate cell adhesion. We identify three domain types that account for the complete architecture of numerous Methanosarcina surface layer proteins (SLPs). We solve the crystal structure for two of these domains, which correspond to the two N-terminal domains of an M. mazei SLP. One domain displays a unique, highly symmetrical, seven-bladed beta propeller fold, and the other belongs to the polycystic kidney disease (PKD) superfamily fold. The third domain is predicted to adopt a beta helix fold. These domains have homologs in metazoan cell surface proteins, suggesting remarkable relationships between domains in archaeal SLPs and metazoan cell surface proteins. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Blood Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Chicago, IL USA. RP Springer, TA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL48675] NR 54 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD OCT PY 2002 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1453 EP 1464 AR PII S0969-2126(02)00840-7 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00840-7 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 601XX UT WOS:000178475400018 PM 12377130 ER PT J AU Tang, YL Miller, DJ Baurceanu, RM Maroni, VA Parrella, RD AF Tang, YL Miller, DJ Baurceanu, RM Maroni, VA Parrella, RD TI Improved microstructure in Ag/Bi-2223 composite tapes by systematic variation of heat treatment parameters SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASE-FORMATION; CONDUCTORS; ALIGNMENT; PRESSURE AB Multifilament-type, silver-sheathed (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2CU3Ox (Ag/Bi-2223) composite tapes produced by the powder-in-tube (PIT) method were given a first heat treatment that employed either a standard (STD) single oxygen pressure/temperature (pO(2)/T) set point or a novel variable pO(2)/T treatment referred to as thermal sliding heat treatment (TSHT). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to provide a comparative analysis of the Bi-2223 grain colony microstructure and connectivity, non superconducting second phase (NSP) composition and distribution, and grain boundary character in the STD- and TSHT-type post-first-heat-treatment Ag/Bi-2223 tape specimens. The dominant NSPs in STD and TSHT specimens were (Ca, Sr)(2)CUO3, (Ca, Sr)(14)CU24O41, and amorphous phases that were randomly distributed in the filaments. The number and size of the NSPs in the STD specimens were sufficient to cause substantial misalignment of Bi-2223 grain colonies throughout the filament cores. However, the TSHT specimens (when compared to the STD specimens) expressed an improved microstructure with fewer/smaller NSPs that were localized mainly in the interior regions of the filaments. Also, the Bi-2223 grain colonies in TSHT specimens were more robust and better aligned from the silver-sheath/Bi-2223 interface to the mid-core region of each filament. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Amer Superconductor, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Tang, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1365 EP 1371 AR PII S0953-2048(02)34772-9 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/15/10/301 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 616RN UT WOS:000179316900002 ER PT J AU Bugoslavsky, Y Cowey, L Tate, TJ Perkins, GK Moore, J Lockman, Z Berenov, A MacManus-Driscoll, JL Caplin, AD Cohen, LF Zhai, HY Christen, HM Paranthaman, MP Lowndes, DH Jo, MH Blamire, MG AF Bugoslavsky, Y Cowey, L Tate, TJ Perkins, GK Moore, J Lockman, Z Berenov, A MacManus-Driscoll, JL Caplin, AD Cohen, LF Zhai, HY Christen, HM Paranthaman, MP Lowndes, DH Jo, MH Blamire, MG TI Effective vortex pinning in MgB2 thin films SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; GROWTH; SCALE; FIELD AB We discuss the pinning properties of MgB2 thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) and by electron-beam (EB) evaporation. Two mechanisms are identified that contribute most effectively to the pinning of vortices in randomly oriented films. The EB process produces low defected crystallites with a small grain size providing enhanced pinning at grain boundaries without any degradation of T-C. The PLD process produces films with structural disorder on a scale less than the coherence length that further improves pinning, but also depresses T-C. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr High Temp Superconductiv, London SW7 2BZ, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Bugoslavsky, Y (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr High Temp Superconductiv, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. RI Berenov, Andrey/A-3020-2011; Lockman, Zainovia/F-5260-2011; So Young, Jang/H-9164-2012; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Jo, Moon-Ho/B-9860-2017 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Jo, Moon-Ho/0000-0002-3160-358X NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1392 EP 1397 AR PII S0953-2048(02)35900-1 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/15/10/305 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 616RN UT WOS:000179316900006 ER PT J AU Brojeny, AAB Mawatari, Y Benkraouda, M Clem, JR AF Brojeny, AAB Mawatari, Y Benkraouda, M Clem, JR TI Magnetic fields and currents for two current-carrying parallel coplanar superconducting strips in a perpendicular magnetic field SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HALL PROBE MICROSCOPY; FLUX-PENETRATION; THIN-FILMS; BARRIERS; VORTICES AB We present general solutions for the Meissner-state magnetic-field and current-density distributions for a pair of parallel, coplanar superconducting strips carrying arbitrary but subcritical currents in a perpendicular magnetic field. From these solutions we calculate (a) the inductance per unit length when the strips carry equal and opposite currents, (b) flux focusing in an applied field-how much flux per unit length is focused into the slot between the two strips when each strip carries no net current, (c) the current distribution for the zero-flux quantum state when the strips are connected with superconducting links at the ends and (d) the current and field distributions around both strips when only one of the strips carries a net current. The solutions are closely related to those found recently for the magnetic-field and current-density distributions in a thin, bulk-pinning-free, type-II superconducting strip with a geometrical barrier when the strip carries a current in a perpendicular applied field. C1 Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Esfahan 84154, Iran. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. UAE Univ, Dept Phys, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brojeny, AAB (reprint author), Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Esfahan 84154, Iran. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1454 EP 1466 AR PII S0953-2048(02)36390-5 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/15/10/314 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 616RN UT WOS:000179316900015 ER PT J AU Baer, DR Engelhard, MH Gaspar, DJ Lea, AS Windisch, CF AF Baer, DR Engelhard, MH Gaspar, DJ Lea, AS Windisch, CF TI Use and limitations of electron flood gun control of surface potential during XPS: two non homogeneous sample types SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE XPS; charge compensation; electron flood gun; charge referencing; aluminium oxide ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; INSULATING SAMPLES; CHARGE COMPENSATION; AL AB The ability of charge compensation methods to control surface potential is examined for two types of non-homogenous samples: a small conducting dot on an insulating substrate and an insulating thin film on a conductive substrate. Results demonstrate that two newer types of charge compensation systems have improved performance in relation to some previous flood-gun, systems, while reaffirming the concept that a primary objective of charge compensation is to find conditions for which the surface potential of the specimen is as uniform as possible. However, experiments,involving both flood gun use and specimen grounding demonstrate that peak broadening and shifting can occur when two (or more) potentials are present in the region of analysis. Finally,. the ability of interface charge to shift specimen potentials and measured binding energies demonstrates fundamental limitations to the absolute accuracy of binding energy measurements, but also remind us that charging phenomena can be used to obtain important information about the sample. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Gaspar, Daniel/0000-0002-8089-810X; Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD OCT-NOV PY 2002 VL 33 IS 10-11 BP 781 EP 790 DI 10.1002/sia.1454 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 607CM UT WOS:000178773500003 ER PT J AU Campillo, G Castro, LF Vivas, P Baca, E Prieto, P Arias, D Santamaria, J Berger, A Bader, SD AF Campillo, G Castro, LF Vivas, P Baca, E Prieto, P Arias, D Santamaria, J Berger, A Bader, SD TI Direct growth of epitaxial La0.67Ca0.33MnO3-delta thin films SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; MANGANITES; FIELD AB La0.67Ca0.33MnO3-delta thin films were deposited using a high-pressure dc-sputtering process. Pure oxygen at a pressure of 3.8 mbar was used as sputtering gas. The films were grown on (001) LaAlO3 and (001) SrTiO3 substrates at heater temperature of 850degreesC without any annealing treatment. The formation of highly a-axis-oriented films with sharp interface with substrate surface is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. Electrical characterization revealed a metal-insulator transition at T-MI approximate to 276 K, and magnetic characterization showed good magnetic properties with a PM-FM transition at T-C approximate to 262 K. C1 Univ Valle, Dept Fis, AA-25360 Cali, Colombia. Univ Complutense Madrid, GFMC, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Baca, E (reprint author), Univ Valle, Dept Fis, AA-25360 Cali, Colombia. EM ebaca@calima.univalle.edu.co RI Vivas, Paula/I-8109-2012; Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Campillo, Gloria/A-8299-2013; Berger, Andreas/D-3706-2015; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016 OI Berger, Andreas/0000-0001-5865-6609; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X EI 1793-6667 J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD OCT-DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 5-6 BP 1611 EP 1615 DI 10.1142/S0218625X02004086 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 601LL UT WOS:000178447400002 ER PT J AU Marshall, AC AF Marshall, AC TI A reformulation of thermionic theory for vacuum diodes SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thermionic emission; electron emission; surface electrical transport (surface conductivity; surface recombination, etc.) AB Methods for predicting thermionic diode current-voltage characteristics have been in wide use for decades; however, serious limitations have been identified in the conventional formulations of thermionic theory. A reformulation of thermionic theory for vacuum diodes has been developed to improve predictive accuracy, to broaden the scope of application, and to establish a more consistent approach. Electron reflection effects and temperature dependent work functions are shown to be important considerations for thermionic diodes', consequently, the revised formulation focuses on proper treatment of these considerations. Revised equations are derived for predicting current densities, space charge, and electron cooling. In addition, equations are developed that provide energy-angle dependent current density spectra used to compute average transmission coefficients. An approach for computing space charge reflection parameters is also provided. Methods are given that permit application of the revised approach to inhomogeneous (patchy) electrode surfaces. A preliminary comparison shows that the predicted current voltage characteristics using the revised formulations are in good agreement with test results for a prototype microminiature thermionic converter;, whereas, more conventional formulations do not provide accurate predictions. Several new parameters are recommended to take advantage of the more precise methodology provided by the reformulation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Marshall, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0425, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 1 PY 2002 VL 517 IS 1-3 BP 186 EP 206 AR PII S0039-6028(02)02063-0 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02063-0 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 600VA UT WOS:000178411400020 ER PT J AU Horan, B Gifford, AN Matsuno, K Mita, S Ashby, CR AF Horan, B Gifford, AN Matsuno, K Mita, S Ashby, CR TI Effect of SA4503 on the electrically evoked release of H-3-acetylcholine from striatal and hippocampal rat brain slices SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE sigma(1) receptors; hippocampus; acetylcholine; striatum ID SIGMA(1) RECEPTOR AGONIST AB Recent microdialysis data has shown that the systemic administration of the selective sigma(1) receptor agonist SA4503 increases the extracellular levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus, but not the striatum, of freely moving rats. In the present study, we examined the effect of SA4503 on the electrically evoked release of H-3-ACh in rat brain slices isolated from the hippocampus and striatum. At 100 and 300 nM concentrations of SA4503, the electrically evoked release of H-3-ACh was increased in hippocampal but not striatal slices. Concentrations below 100 nM did not alter the electrically evoked release of H-3-ACh in either brain area. These results tentatively suggest that the increase in extracellular ACh levels observed in the hippocampus after the systemic administration of SA4503 could in part be related to its interaction with sigma(1) receptors in the hippocampus. C1 St Johns Univ, Coll Pharm & Allied Hlth Profess, PHS Dept, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Labs, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Santen Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, New Drug Res, Osaka 5338651, Japan. RP Ashby, CR (reprint author), St Johns Univ, Coll Pharm & Allied Hlth Profess, PHS Dept, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD OCT PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1002/syn.10107 PG 3 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 586WW UT WOS:000177610000001 PM 12211092 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, DM Guadagnini, A Ballio, F Tartakovsky, AM AF Tartakovsky, DM Guadagnini, A Ballio, F Tartakovsky, AM TI Localization of mean flow and apparent transmissivity tensor for bounded randomly heterogeneous aquifers SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE stochastic; effective; equivalent; conductivity; perturbation ID STEADY-STATE FLOW; EFFECTIVE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSIENT FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; EQUATIONS; HEAD AB We explore the concept of apparent transmissivity for bounded randomly heterogeneous media under steady-state flow regime. The novelty of our study consists of investigating a tensorial nature of apparent transmissivity. We demonstrate that apparent transmissivity of bounded domains is anisotropic even though an underlying local transmissivity field is statistically isotropic. For rectangular flow domains, we derive an analytical expression for the apparent transmissivity tensor via localization and perturbation expansion of the nonlocal mean flow equations in the variance of log-transmissivity. In this expression, almost everywhere the off-diagonal terms are several orders of magnitude smaller than the diagonal terms. When the domain size relative to the log-transmissivity correlation scale is large, the longitudinal and transverse components of the apparent transmissivity tensor approach the geometric mean of local transmissivity. While rigorously valid for mean uniform flows only, our expression for the apparent transmissivity tensor leads to mean hydraulic head distributions that compare favorably with those obtained through Monte-Carlo simulations and the nonlocal mean flow equations even in the presence of pumping wells. This agreement deteriorates in the vicinity of wells and as pumping rates increase. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Politecn Milan, DIIAR, Milan, Italy. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Tartakovsky, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD OCT PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1023/A:1016092910797 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 566FD UT WOS:000176415600004 ER PT J AU Lee, SJE Hori, Y Groves, JT Dustin, ML Chakraborty, AK AF Lee, SJE Hori, Y Groves, JT Dustin, ML Chakraborty, AK TI Correlation of a dynamic model for immunological synapse formation with effector functions: two pathways to synapse formation SO TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL-RECEPTOR; PEPTIDE-MHC COMPLEXES; SERIAL TCR ENGAGEMENT; POSITIVE SELECTION; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; ACTIVATION; LIGANDS; KINETICS; AFFINITY AB During antigen recognition by T cells different receptors and ligands form a pattern in the intercellular junction called the immunological synapse, which might be involved in T-cell activation. Recently, a synapse assembly model has been proposed, which enables the calculation of the propensity for synapse assembly driven by membrane-constrained protein binding interactions. We bring together model predictions of mature synapse assembly with data on the dependence of T-cell responses on T-cell receptor (TCR)-MHC-peptide (pMHC) binding kinetics. Predictions of mature synapse assembly, based on TCR-pMHC binding kinetics, correlate well with observed cytokine responses by T cells bearing the relevant TCR but not with cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated killing. We discuss the suggested different role for the synapse in pre- and post-nuclear activation events in T cells. The view of immunological synapse assembly given here emphasizes the importance of both the on and off rates for the TCR-pMHC interaction and in this context recent data on a positive role for analogs of self-peptides in synapse assembly is considered. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Dept Chem, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Program Mol Pathogenesis, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Lee, SJE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Dept Chem, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 61 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4906 J9 TRENDS IMMUNOL JI Trends Immunol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 10 BP 492 EP 499 AR PII S1471-4906(02)02285-8 DI 10.1016/S1471-4906(02)02285-8 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 598VJ UT WOS:000178296900006 PM 12297421 ER PT J AU Lee, SJE Hori, Y Groves, JT Dustin, ML Chakraborty, AK AF Lee, SJE Hori, Y Groves, JT Dustin, ML Chakraborty, AK TI The synapse assembly model SO TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; SUPPORTED BILAYERS; LATERAL MOBILITY; ADHESION; STIMULATION; PROTEINS; DOMAINS; ICAM-1 AB A framework for quantitative analysis of the mechanisms underlying immunological synapse assembly has been recently developed. This model uses partial differential equations to describe the binding interactions of receptors and ligands, with the constraint that they are embedded in apposed deformable membranes linked to a cytoskeletal complex. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Dept Chem Engn, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Program Mol Pathogenesis, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Lee, SJE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Dept Chem Engn, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4906 J9 TRENDS IMMUNOL JI Trends Immunol. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 10 BP 500 EP 502 AR PII S1471-4906(02)02285-8 DI 10.1016/S1471-4906(02)02325-6 PG 3 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 598VJ UT WOS:000178296900007 PM 12297422 ER PT J AU Game, JC AF Game, JC TI New genome-wide methods bring more power to yeast as a model organism SO TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DELETION MUTANTS; GENES; REPAIR AB Recent developments in genetic research using Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided rapid new methods for identifying the genes that control cellular responses to treatment with a wide variety of agents, including chemicals and radiation. This significantly increases the power of yeast as a model system for studying human cellular responses to these agents, and for identifying human genes that are important in DNA repair and cancer. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Game, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM5997901] NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0165-6147 J9 TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI JI Trends Pharmacol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 23 IS 10 BP 445 EP 447 DI 10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02082-5 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 599VR UT WOS:000178356300001 PM 12368060 ER PT J AU Weeks, BL Ruddle, CM Zaug, JM Cook, DJ AF Weeks, BL Ruddle, CM Zaug, JM Cook, DJ TI Monitoring high-temperature solid-solid phase transition of HMX with atom microscom SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; CRYSTALLINE EXPLOSIVES; FORCE MICROSCOPY; DECOMPOSITION; RESOLUTION; GROWTH AB Using high-temperature atomic force microscopy we have observed the solid-solid phase transition of octahydro-1,3,5,7,-tetrazocine (HMX) in real time. Massive surface reconstruction occurs during the first-order transition. The temperature induced increase in void space and surface roughness observed in the delta polymorph of HMX serve to increase the growth rate and volume of shock initiated hot spots and hence reaction sensitivity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Digital Instruments, Veeco Metrol Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. RP Weeks, BL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD OCT PY 2002 VL 93 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 AR PII S0304-3991(02)00137-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00137-7 PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 599YQ UT WOS:000178363200003 PM 12380648 ER PT J AU Geebelen, W Vangronsveld, J Adriano, DC Carleer, R Clijsters, H AF Geebelen, W Vangronsveld, J Adriano, DC Carleer, R Clijsters, H TI Amendment-induced immobilization of lead in a lead-spiked soil: Evidence from phytotoxicity studies SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; immobilization; Lactuca sativa; lead; oxidative stress; Phaseolus vulgaris; phytoavailability; phytotoxicity; plant response ID METAL-CONTAMINATED SOILS; NONFERROUS METALS; PHOSPHATE ROCK; APATITE; PB; HYDROXYAPATITE; REMEDIATION; REVEGETATION; AVAILABILITY; INACTIVATION AB Lead immobilization was evaluated on soils spiked with increasing concentrations of Pb (as Pb-acetate) using the following soil amendments: bentonite, zeolite, cyclonic ash, compost, lime, steelshot, and hydroxyapatite. The immobilization efficacy of the amendments was evaluated according to the following criteria: Ca(NO3)(2)-extractable Pb as an indicator of Pb phytoavailability, morphological and enzymatic parameters of bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) as indicator of phytotoxicity, and Pb concentration in edible tissue of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The lowest reductions in Ca(NO3)(2)-extractable soil Pb occurred when bentonite and steelshot were applied. Phytotoxicity from application of steelshot was confounded by toxic amounts of Fe and Mn released from the by-product which killed the lettuce seedlings. Addition of zeolite induced poor plant growth independent of Pb concentration due to its adverse effect on soil structure. Substantial reductions in Ca(NO3)(2)-extractable Pb were observed when cyclonic ash, lime, compost and hydroxyapatite were applied. In general, these amendments reduced Pb phytotoxicity concomitant with reduced Pb concentration in lettuce tissue. Cyclonic ash, lime and compost further improved plant growth and reduced oxidative stress at low soil Pb concentrations due to soil pH increase mitigating Al or Mn toxicity. C1 Limburgs Univ Ctr, Ctr Environm Sci, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Geebelen, W (reprint author), Limburgs Univ Ctr, Ctr Environm Sci, Univ Campus, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. EM wouter.geebelen@luc.ac.be NR 43 TC 52 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 EI 1573-2932 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 140 IS 1-4 BP 261 EP 277 DI 10.1023/A:1020147901365 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 590TR UT WOS:000177838900015 ER PT J AU Glass, RJ Nicholl, MJ Ramirez, AL Daily, WD AF Glass, RJ Nicholl, MJ Ramirez, AL Daily, WD TI Liquid phase structure within an unsaturated fracture network beneath a surface infiltration event: Field experiment SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fractures; fractured rock; unsaturated flow; infiltration; preferential flow ID ROUGH-WALLED FRACTURES; APERTURE VARIABILITY; ROCK FRACTURES; EXPOSED ROCK; POROUS-MEDIA; FLUID-FLOW; WATER-FLOW; CHALK; MODEL; DISSOLUTION AB We conducted a simple field experiment to elucidate structure (i.e., geometry) of the liquid phase (water) resulting from ponded infiltration into a pervasive fracture network that dissected a nearly impermeable rock matrix. Over a 46 min period, dyed water was infiltrated from a surface pond while electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was employed to monitor the rapid invasion of the initially dry fracture network and subsequent drainage. We then excavated the rock mass to a depth of similar to5 m, mapping the fracture network and extent of dye staining over a series of horizontal pavements located directly beneath the pond. Near the infiltration surface, flow was dominated by viscous forces, and the fracture network was fully stained. With increasing depth, flow transitioned to unsaturated conditions, and the phase structure became complicated, exhibiting evidence of fragmentation, preferential flow, fingers, irregular wetting patterns, and varied behavior at fracture intersections. ERT images demonstrate that water spanned the instrumented network rapidly on ponding and also rapidly drained after ponding was terminated. Estimates suggest that our excavation captured from similar to15 to 1% or less of the rock volume interrogated by our infiltration slug, and thus the penetration depth from our short ponding event could have been quite large. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Mat Met Min & Geol Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Glass, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 55 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 AR 1199 DI 10.1029/2000WR000167 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 637PJ UT WOS:000180521100017 ER PT J AU Lu, ZM Zhang, DX AF Lu, ZM Zhang, DX TI On stochastic modeling of flow in multimodal heterogeneous formations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stochastic; heterogeneity; bimodal; multimodal; multiscale ID MARKOV-CHAINS; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; SIMULATION AB Most existing stochastic models are developed for unimodal porous media that may be well characterized with only the first two statistical moments. However, the distribution of hydraulic properties, such as hydraulic conductivity, may possess a multiplicity of modes; thus the first two moments may not be adequate to characterize properties of such porous media. In turn, the stochastic models developed for unimodal porous media may not be applicable to flow and transport in a multimodal heterogeneous porous medium. This study investigates under what circumstances the second-order moment-based stochastic models are applicable to multimodal heterogeneous porous media. We assume that a porous medium is composed of a number of materials (categories), each of which may have a different mean, variance, and correlation scale. The distribution of materials in the domain is characterized by indicator random variables. We first derive analytical expressions for the mean and covariance of the log saturated hydraulic conductivity (ln K-s) of the multimodal porous medium in terms of categorical proportions, transition probability among categories, and covariances of indicator random variables. We express the covariance in terms of the statistics of materials in the porous medium, which allows us to accurately evaluate the variance and the correlation length of the composite ln K-s field. We then solve the second-order moment equations for the "equivalent'' unimodal field with an exponential covariance with a single correlation scale computed for the composite field. On the other hand, we conduct two sets of Monte Carlo simulations: one with multimodal random fields, and the other with "equivalent'' unimodal random fields. Examples for porous media with two materials are given. Numerical experiments show that a bimodal ln K-s field may be well approximated by an equivalent unimodal field when one of the two modes is dominant, under which condition the applicability of the second-order moment-based model is subject to the same limitation of relatively small variance as that for unimodal fields. When the bimodal distribution has two more or less equally important modes, although it cannot be adequately represented by an equivalent unimodal distribution, the second-order moment-based stochastic model seems to be applicable to systems with larger composite variances than it does for an one-mode-dominant distribution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochim & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lu, ZM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochim & Geol Grp, EES-6, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Lu, Zhiming/0000-0001-5800-3368 NR 36 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 AR 1190 DI 10.1029/2001WR001026 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 637PJ UT WOS:000180521100008 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Tsang, YW AF Mukhopadhyay, S Tsang, YW TI Understanding the anomalous temperature data from the Large Block Test at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE thermal; hydrological; Large Block Test; unsaturated flow; fractures; Yucca Mountain; Nevada ID GEYSER PERIODICITY; HEATER TEST AB [1] The Large Block Test (LBT) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is unique because of its size, which is large enough to include a number of large fractures, while still small enough so that boundary conditions and heterogeneities can be adequately controlled or characterized. Extensive mapping of the test block has established the presence of many small and large fractures. Preheat air injection testing has also revealed that the block is highly heterogeneous, with fracture permeability varying more than four orders of magnitude. We hypothesize that these large fractures and the resulting heterogeneity play a significant role in the development of coupled thermal-hydrological (TH) processes in the LBT. A large volume of TH data, including temperature and saturation measurements, has been collected from the LBT. Some of these temperature data from the LBT, particularly those recorded by sensors TT1-14 and TT2-14, appear anomalous. We show that these anomalous temperature data can be understood only if heterogeneity is invoked. As an example, we show that the heat pipe signature, an indication of the extent of TH coupling, in TT2-14 is significantly longer in duration than that in TT1-14. We show that such a difference can be explained only if one includes a high-permeability layer, the existence of which has been indicated by air injection testing, through the location of sensor TT2-14. Similarly, the oscillating temperature pattern in all sensors of borehole TT2 during 4470-4500 hours of heating is shown to be the result of rainwater flowing down a high-permeability fracture. The irregular temperature pattern in borehole TT1 happens because of rainwater reaching the source of heat quickly through a highly permeable, inclined fracture and vapor rising upwards through a less permeable vertical fracture. We also demonstrate that the anomalous temperature pattern recorded by TT1-14 during 2500-3500 hours of heating can be explained in terms of continuous upward movement of vapor and the downward flow of condensate through the fractures. We conclude that the temperature data from the LBT are the results of coupled TH processes occurring in a heterogeneous environment. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 AR 1210 DI 10.1029/2001WR001059 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 637PJ UT WOS:000180521100028 ER PT J AU Murray, RE Luce, BP AF Murray, RE Luce, BP TI Oscillatory dynamics of the biologically active zone in in situ bioremediation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; biodegradation; traveling waves; oscillating waves; biologically active zone; time-delay differential equations ID ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATION; BIODEGRADATION FRONTS; POROUS-MEDIA; GROUNDWATER; TRANSPORT AB [1] In situ bioremediation is a promising biotechnology for removing aqueous phase contaminants from groundwater. The system of three partial differential equations used to model bioremediation has a traveling wave solution which loses stability in a Hopf bifurcation, giving rise to oscillating fronts. To understand the origin of these oscillations, we construct a simplified model of the biologically active zone, a time delay differential equation with state-dependent delay. Despite its simplicity the new model mimics the dynamical characteristics of the bioremediation equations remarkably well and yields an approximate parametric expression for the oscillation onset point. C1 Univ Arizona, Program Appl Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murray, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS-EES-10,MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 AR 1203 DI 10.1029/2000WR000206 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 637PJ UT WOS:000180521100021 ER PT J AU Tokunaga, TK Wan, JM Olson, KR AF Tokunaga, TK Wan, JM Olson, KR TI Saturation-matric potential relations in gravel SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE capillary; gravel; gravity; matric; saturation; unsaturated ID CURVES AB [1] Some environmentally sensitive unsaturated zone sediments, such as those underlying radioactive waste tanks in Hanford (Washington State), contain large fractions of gravels and coarse sands. Coarse, granular media are also included in designs of engineered capillary barriers for subsurface waste isolation. Thus knowledge of the unsaturated hydraulic properties of gravels is needed to understand flow and transport in these critical settings. When standard methods for measuring moisture characteristics or water retention relations are used for gravels, corrections are needed in the near-zero region of matric (pressure) potentials. The need for correction results from gravity stratification of saturation profiles within even short sample columns. Such a correction method was developed and used to determine drainage curves for Hanford gravels having characteristic grain sizes of 8.0-9.5, 4.8-5.3, and 2.0-2.4 mm. In 30 mm tall sample columns, gravity corrections were essential for the 9 and 5 mm gravels and less significant for the 2 mm gravel. Validity of the correction method was demonstrated through accurately reconstructing average column saturation-potential relations from their predicted local saturation-potential relations. The method and results presented here are part of an ongoing study on Hanford gravels and on limits to classical unsaturated hydraulic scaling encountered at large grain sizes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tokunaga, TK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 AR 1214 DI 10.1029/2001WR001242 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 637PJ UT WOS:000180521100032 ER PT J AU Trautz, RC Wang, JSY AF Trautz, RC Wang, JSY TI Seepage into an underground opening constructed in unsaturated fractured rock under evaporative conditions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE capillary barrier; seepage; underground testing; Yucca Mountain ID CAPILLARY BARRIER PERFORMANCE; EXCLUSION PROBLEM; POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CYLINDRICAL CAVITIES; DIVERSION CAPACITY; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; FILM FLOW; INFILTRATION; SURFACES AB Liquid-release tests, performed in boreholes above an underground opening constructed in unsaturated fractured rock, are used in this study to evaluate seepage into a waste emplacement drift. Evidence for the existence of a capillary barrier at the ceiling of the drift is presented based on field observations (including spreading of the wetting front across the ceiling and water movement up fractures exposed in the ceiling before seepage begins). The capillary barrier mechanism has the potential to divert water around the opening, resulting in no seepage when the percolation flux is at or below the seepage threshold flux. Liquid-release tests are used to demonstrate that a seepage threshold exists and to measure the magnitude of the seepage threshold flux for three test zones that seeped. The seepage data are interpreted using analytical techniques to estimate the test-specific strength of the rock capillary forces (alpha(-1)) that prevent water from seeping into the drift. Evaporation increases the seepage threshold flux, making it more difficult for water to seep into the drift and producing artificially inflated alpha(-1) values. With adjustments for evaporation, the minimum test-specific threshold is 1600 mm/yr, with a corresponding alpha(-1) value of 0.027 m. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trautz, RC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd-MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 AR 1188 DI 10.1029/2001WR000690 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 637PJ UT WOS:000180521100006 ER PT J AU Weyhenmeyer, CE Burns, SJ Waber, HN Macumber, PG AF Weyhenmeyer, CE Burns, SJ Waber, HN Macumber, PG TI Isotope study of moisture sources, recharge areas, and groundwater flow paths within the eastern Batinah coastal plain, Sultanate of Oman SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE arid region; coastal aquifer; groundwater; isotopes; precipitation; recharge ID ENVIRONMENTAL CHLORIDE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; PRECIPITATION; OXYGEN; FLUCTUATIONS; AQUIFER; WATERS; REGION; SAHEL AB Oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses of rainfall samples collected on the eastern Batinah coastal plain of northern Oman between 1995 and 1998 indicate two different principal water vapor sources for precipitation in the area: a northern, Mediterranean source and a southern, Indian Ocean source. As a result, two new local meteoric water lines were defined for the study area. Isotopic analyses of groundwater samples from over 200 springs and wells indicate that the main source of water to the Batinah coastal alluvial aquifer is high-altitude rainfall from the adjacent Jabal Akhdar Mountains, originating from a combination of northern and southern moisture sources. The groundwater recharged at high-altitude forms two plumes of water which is depleted in the heavy isotopes (18)O and (2)H and stretches from the mountains across the coastal plain to the sea, thereby retaining a chemical homogeneity horizontally and vertically down to a depth exceeding 300 m. In contrast, in areas adjacent to these two plumes the alluvial aquifer is geochemically stratified. Near the coast, saline intrusion results in abrupt changes in chloride concentrations and isotope values. C1 Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Minist Water Resources, Groundwater Sect, Muscat, Oman. RP Weyhenmeyer, CE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, 7000 E Ave,L-397, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM weyhenmeyer1@llnl.gov RI Burns, Stephen/H-9419-2013 NR 86 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 38 IS 10 AR 1184 DI 10.1029/2000WR000149 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 637PJ UT WOS:000180521100002 ER PT J AU Gautesen, AK AF Gautesen, AK TI Scattering of a Rayleigh wave by an elastic wedge whose angle is less than 180 degrees SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article ID SPACE AB The steady-state problem of scattering of an incident Rayleigh wave by an elastic wedge whose angle is less than 180degrees is considered. The problem is reduced to the numerical solution of a pair of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind whose kernels are continuous functions. Numerical results are given for the amplitude and phase of the Rayleigh waves transmitted and reflected by the corner. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gautesen, AK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, 136 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD OCT PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 417 EP 424 AR PII S0165-2125(02)00033-1 DI 10.1016/S0165-2125(02)00033-1 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 615DA UT WOS:000179229500008 ER PT J AU Schneider, G Denbeaux, G Anderson, EH Bates, B Pearson, A Meyer, MA Zschech, E Hambach, D Stach, EA AF Schneider, G Denbeaux, G Anderson, EH Bates, B Pearson, A Meyer, MA Zschech, E Hambach, D Stach, EA TI Dynamical x-ray microscopy investigation of electromigration in passivated inlaid Cu interconnect structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURE AB Quantitative time-resolved x-ray microscopy mass transport studies of the early stages of electromigration in an inlaid Cu line/via structure were performed with about 40 nm lateral resolution. The image sequences show that void formation is a highly dynamic process, with voids being observed to nucleate and grow within the Cu via and migrate towards the via sidewall. Correlation of the real time x-ray microscopy images with postmortem high voltage electron micrographs of the sample indicates that the void nucleation occurs at the site of grain boundaries in Cu, and that the voids migrate along these grain boundaries during electromigration. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. AMD Saxony Mfg GmbH, D-01330 Dresden, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Inst Rontgenphys, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schneider, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 8 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 14 BP 2535 EP 2537 DI 10.1063/1.1509465 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 596TT UT WOS:000178182600015 ER PT J AU Chow, WW Schneider, HC AF Chow, WW Schneider, HC TI Theory of laser gain in InGaN quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAN; WELLS; ALN AB A theory for gain is developed for wide-bandgap nitride-based quantum-dot laser structures. A semiclassical laser theory is used to describe the optical susceptibility in the presence of strong many-body Coulomb interaction and quantum-confined Stark effect. Application of this theory shows distinctly different gain behavior depending on quantum dot dimensions, because of the interplay of these effects. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Schneider, Hans Christian/B-9450-2009 OI Schneider, Hans Christian/0000-0001-7656-4919 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 14 BP 2566 EP 2568 DI 10.1063/1.1509476 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 596TT UT WOS:000178182600026 ER PT J AU Jiang, CS Moutinho, HR Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Al-Jassim, MM AF Jiang, CS Moutinho, HR Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Al-Jassim, MM TI Direct measurement of electrical potentials in GaInP2 solar cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND OFFSETS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHOTOEMISSION; GAINP/GAAS AB We report on the application of electrostatic force microscopy to photovoltaic devices. Profiles of electrical potentials on cross sections of a GaInP2 solar cell device were measured quantitatively and spatially resolved. Two potentials are assigned, respectively, to the p-n junction of GaInP2 and the band offset between the GaInP2 base layer and the GaAs substrate. In addition to the flattening of the p-n junction by the light irradiations, two changes of the potential that positively contribute to the open-circuit voltage of the device are found at locations close to the window and the back surface field layers. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 14 BP 2569 EP 2571 DI 10.1063/1.1509114 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 596TT UT WOS:000178182600027 ER PT J AU Creighton, JR Breiland, WG Coltrin, ME Pawlowski, RP AF Creighton, JR Breiland, WG Coltrin, ME Pawlowski, RP TI Gas-phase nanoparticle formation during AlGaN metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; NH3 AB Using in situ laser light scattering, we have directly observed the formation of gas-phase nanoparticles during AlN, GaN, and AlGaN metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The nanoparticles are sharply distributed in height 6 mm from the surface, in good agreement with a model based on a balance between thermophoretic and convective forces. By measuring the angular dependence of the scattering intensity, we determined that the AlN particle sizes were 35-50 nm, and particle densities were 1-6x10(8) cm(-3), which corresponds to 20%-80% of the input Al being converted into nanoparticles. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Creighton, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 14 BP 2626 EP 2628 DI 10.1063/1.1510580 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 596TT UT WOS:000178182600046 ER PT J AU Cramer, LP Langford, SC Hess, WP Dickinson, JT AF Cramer, LP Langford, SC Hess, WP Dickinson, JT TI Wavelength dependence of UV laser induced emission of neutral and ionic species from single crystal NaNO3 SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conferenc on Laser Ablation CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN DE sodium nitrate; laser desorption; ion emission; photolysis ID IRRADIATION; DESORPTION; MGO AB We report time-resolved, quadrupole mass-selected measurements of neutral and ion emission from single crystal sodium nitrate exposed to ns pulse excimer laser radiation at 157 nm (F-2 excimer, 7.9 eV photons), 193 nm (ArF excimer, 6.4 eV photons) and 248 nm (KrF excimer, 5.0 eV photons). Neutral emissions, including NO, O-2, N-2, and Na are observed at all three wavelengths. At 193 nm, intense atomic N and O emissions are also observed, possibly due to a 1 + 1 excitation involving the pi* <-- pi transition in the nitrate ion (centered at 6 eV) followed by excitation to a higher excited state. This transition is not efficiently excited at the other two wavelengths. At 248 nm, much of the emission is attributed to thermally assisted, dissociative electron/hole attachment. Although 157 nm photons do not excite the pi* <-- pi transition efficiently, the resulting NO emission is found to be quite intense: on a per unit energy (or per photon) basis, 157 nm photons are much more efficient in decomposing nitrate anions than 193 run photons. Intense ion emission (principally Na+ and NO+) is observed at 193 and 157 nm, with weaker Na+ emission at 248 nm. The ion intensities show high-order fluence dependence, consistent with photoelectronic emission involving sequential photon absorption as described earlier for 248 nm irradiation [J. Appl. Phys. (80) (1996) 6452]. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cramer, LP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 197 BP 35 EP 40 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00299-4 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00299-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RU UT WOS:000179261100007 ER PT J AU Ohkubo, I Matsumoto, Y Itaka, K Hasegawa, T Ueno, K Ohtani, M Kawasaki, M Koinuma, H AF Ohkubo, I Matsumoto, Y Itaka, K Hasegawa, T Ueno, K Ohtani, M Kawasaki, M Koinuma, H TI Quick optimization of Y-type magnetoplumbite thin films growth by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition technique SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conferenc on Laser Ablation CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN DE combinatorial synthesis; complex oxide; Y-type magnetoplumbite; thin films; pulsed laser deposition AB Quick growth optimization of complex oxide, Y-type magnetoplumbite (Ba2Co2Fe12O22 (Co2Y)) thin films is demonstrated by using combinatorial thin film technology. Planning a Coo buffer layer on MgAl2O4(1 1 1) substrate was found to be very effective for preventing the phase separation of Co deficient impurity (BaFe2O4) and forming the desired Co2Y phase. The combinatorial pulsed laser deposition and subsequent concurrent X-ray diffraction facilitate the production of Y-type magnetoplumbite thin film in a single phase. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. ASAHi KASEI Corp, Cent Technol Lab, Fuji, Shizuoka 4168501, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 980857, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Frontier Collaborat Res Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. RP Ohkubo, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kawasaki, Masashi/B-5826-2008; Matsumoto, Yuji/H-2056-2011; OHKUBO, Isao/B-9553-2013; Itaka, Kenji/B-3207-2008 OI OHKUBO, Isao/0000-0002-4187-0112; NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 197 BP 312 EP 315 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00388-4 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00388-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RU UT WOS:000179261100053 ER PT J AU Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB Schittenhelm, H Fan, XD Guillorn, MA AF Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB Schittenhelm, H Fan, XD Guillorn, MA TI Time-resolved diagnostics of single wall carbon nanotube synthesis by laser vaporization SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conferenc on Laser Ablation CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN DE carbon nanotubes; laser ablation; spectroscopic diagnostics ID ABLATION PROCESS; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; EMISSION; TARGETS; NICKEL; ROPES; PULSE AB Three questions important to nanosecond laser ablation synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been addressed using in situ spectroscopic diagnostics: determining the temperature of the nanoparticles within the propagating plume at different times after ablation, monitoring the aggregation of the nanoparticles in the plume, and measuring the growth rates of the SWNTs. Short SWNTs were synthesized using nanosecond Nd:YAG-laser ablation of a C-Ni-Co target inside a high-temperature laser vaporization reactor by controlling and restricting the growth times. The time spent by the plume inside the oven was varied by positioning the target at various locations and imaging the plume using Rayleigh scattered light induced by a 308 run XeCl laser. Statistical analysis of the short SWNT length distribution was performed using TEM images. The upper and lower limits of the growth rates of SWNTs were estimated as 0.6 and 5.1 mum/s. The particle temperature within the propagating plume was measured at different times after ablation through time-resolved measurements of the plume's blackbody emission. The onset of SWNT growth was estimated based on the time when the particle temperature drops below the eutectic temperature for C/Co, C/Ni. For the first time, absorption spectroscopy was employed to study the aggregation of carbon nanoparticles in the propagating plume. It was shown that the aggregation rate increases rapidly at lower oven temperatures. A general picture of SWNT growth by laser ablation based on imaging, spectroscopy, and pyrometry of ejected material at different times after ablation is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Puretzky, AA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 197 BP 552 EP 562 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00334-3 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00334-3 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RU UT WOS:000179261100102 ER PT J AU Beck, KM Joly, AG Hess, WP Gerrity, DP Dupuis, NF Sushko, PV Shluger, AL AF Beck, KM Joly, AG Hess, WP Gerrity, DP Dupuis, NF Sushko, PV Shluger, AL TI Transient center photodecomposition in potassium bromide SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Laser Ablation CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN DE photodecomposition; transient center; potassium bromide; laser control ID ELECTRON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; ALKALI-HALIDES; LASER-DESORPTION; EXCITATION; SURFACE; KBR; EXCITONS AB We recently demonstrated that sub-band gap photoexcitation of KBr near 6.4 eV leads to desorption of hyper-thermal neutral bromine atoms without a significant thermal velocity component. In contrast, a considerable thermal velocity component is observed at higher excitation energies and is attributed to formation and subsequent diffusion of transient centers from within the bulk crystal to the surface. Excitation with a nanosecond laser at 3.5 eV also produces neutral bromine emission with a seemingly thermal velocity profile, but a near three-photon power dependence. Furthermore, the relative Br* yield is greatly enhanced. We propose an explanation for these results based on formation and secondary excitation of transient defect centers in KBr by individual nanosecond pulses. Photodecomposition of newly formed transient centers leads to emission of Br and Br* in a "near thermal" velocity distribution. These results are likely general for alkali halides and are consistent with a recently described theoretical model. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Beck, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kenneth.beck@pnl.gov RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 197 BP 581 EP 586 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00341-0 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00341-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RU UT WOS:000179261100107 ER PT J AU Sasaki, T Beck, KM Koshizakai, N AF Sasaki, T Beck, KM Koshizakai, N TI Preparation of Pt/TiO2 nanocomposite films by 2-beam pulsed laser deposition SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conferenc on Laser Ablation CY OCT 01-05, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN DE 2-beam pulsed laser deposition; thin films; nanocomposite; TiO2; anatase; rutile ID RUTILE TRANSFORMATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TIO2; ANATASE AB Pt/TiO2 nanocomposite films were prepared using 2-beam pulsed laser deposition (2B-PLD) technique, where sequential irradiation of ArF excimer laser for ionization after Nd:YAG laser for ablation of the target was utilized. The effect of the time delay of the ArF laser after the ablation laser irradiation on the structures of Pt/TiO2 nanocomposite films was studied. It was inferred from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the as-deposited films that the coordination structures around Ti atoms in the films were affected by the time delays. Single phase TiO2 in anatase form was obtained in the annealed Pt/TiO2 nanocomposite films prepared at 200-250 ns of the time delays, which suggests that the effective photoionization of the ablated species could take place by the ArF laser irradiation in this time range and affect the structure of the deposits. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nanoarchitecton Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sasaki, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nanoarchitecton Res Ctr, Cent 5,1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. RI Koshizaki, Naoto/E-2024-2011 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 197 BP 619 EP 623 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00428-2 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00428-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 615RU UT WOS:000179261100115 ER PT J AU Lee, S Park, MS AF Lee, S Park, MS TI Human FEN-1 can process the 5 '-flap DNA of CTG/CAG triplet repeat derived from human genetic diseases by length and sequence dependent manner SO EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE trinucleotide repeats; trinucleotide expansion; genetics; neuromuscular direases; DNA replication ID TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; EXPANSION; YEAST; FLAP; ORIENTATION AB Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) instability can cause a variety of human genetic diseases including myotonic dystrophy and Huntington's disease. Recent genetic data show that instability of the CAG/CTG repeat DNA is dependent on its length and replication origin. In yeast, the RAD27 (human FEN-1 homologue) null mutant has a high expansion frequency at the TNR loci. We demonstrate here that FEN-1 processes the 5'-flap DNA of CTG/CAG repeats, which is dependent on the length in vitro. FEN-1 protein can cleave the 5'-flap DNA containing triplet repeating sequence up to 21 repeats, but the activity decreases with increasing size of flap above 11 repeats. In addition, FEN-1 processing of 5'-flap DNA depends on sequence, which play a role in the replication origin-dependent TNR instability. Interestingly, FEN-1 can cleave the 5'-flap DNA of CTG repeats better than CAG repeats possibly through the flap-structure. Our biochemical data of FEN-1's activity with triplet repeat DNA clearly shows length dependence, and aids our understanding on the mechanism of TNR instability. C1 Pochon Univ, Coll Med, CHA Gen Hosp, Genome Res Ctr Reprod Med & Infertil, Seoul, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Pochon Univ, Coll Med, CHA Gen Hosp, Genome Res Ctr Reprod Med & Infertil, Seoul, South Korea. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN SOC MED BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI SEOUL PA #812 KOFST, 635-4 YOKSAM-DONG KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-3613 J9 EXP MOL MED JI Exp. Mol. Med. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 607UQ UT WOS:000178809500009 PM 12515398 ER PT J AU Lowrie, RB Morel, JE AF Lowrie, RB Morel, JE TI Methods for hyperbolic systems with stiff relaxation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICFD Conference on Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics CY MAR 26-29, 2001 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Computat Fluid Dynam HO UNIV OXFORD DE hyperbolic systems; stiff relaxation; discontinuous Galerkin; finite-volume methods ID CONSERVATION-LAWS; NUMERICAL SCHEMES AB Three methods are analysed for solving a linear hyperbolic system that contains stiff relaxation. We show that the semi-discrete discontinuous Galerkin method, with a linear basis, is accurate when the relaxation time is unresolved (asymptotic preserving-AP). The two other methods are shown to be non-AP. To discriminate between AP and non-AP methods, we argue that in the limit of small relaxation time, one should fix the dimensionless parameters that characterize the near-equilibrium limit. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Mail Stop D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 EI 1097-0363 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1002/fld.321 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 599ZV UT WOS:000178366500010 ER PT J AU Rider, WJ Lowrie, RB AF Rider, WJ Lowrie, RB TI The use of classical Lax-Friedrichs Riemann solvers with discontinuous Galerkin methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICFD Conference on Numerical Methods for Fluid Dynamics CY MAR 26-29, 2001 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Computat Fluid Dynam HO UNIV OXFORD DE discontinuous Galerkin; Lax-Friedrichs; von Neumann stability analysis ID CONSERVATION-LAWS; SCHEME AB While conducting a von Neumann stability analysis of discontinuous Galerkin methods we discovered that the classic Lax-Friedrichs Riemann solver is unstable for all time-step sizes. We describe a simple modification of the Riemann solver's dissipation returns the method to stability. Furthermore, the method has a smaller truncation error than the corresponding method with an upwind flux for the RK2-DG(1) method. These results are verified upon testing. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rider, WJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, CCS-2,POB 1663,MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.1002/fld.334 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 599ZV UT WOS:000178366500016 ER PT J AU Murayama, H AF Murayama, H TI Theory of neutrino masses and mixings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energy CY JUL 23-28, 2001 CL ROME, ITALY ID NUMBER NON-CONSERVATION; ELECTROWEAK BARYOGENESIS; STERILE NEUTRINO; BARYON-NUMBER; UNIVERSE; OSCILLATIONS; VIOLATION; SYMMETRY; SNO AB Neutrino physics is going through a revolutionary progress. In this talk I review what we have learned and why neutrino mass is so important. Neutrino masses and mixings are already shedding new insight into the origin of flavor. Given the evidences for neutrino mass, leptogenesis is gaining momentum as the origin of cosmic baryon asymmetry. Best of all, we will learn a lot more in the coming years. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM murayama@lbl.gov RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 17 IS 24 BP 3403 EP 3420 DI 10.1142/S0217751X02012818 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 605ET UT WOS:000178665000006 ER PT J AU Turner, MS AF Turner, MS TI The new cosmology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energy CY JUL 23-28, 2001 CL ROME, ITALY ID COLD DARK-MATTER; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; ACCELERATING UNIVERSE; CONSTANT; SUPERNOVAE; ANISOTROPY; ABUNDANCE; LAMBDA; MODELS AB Over the past three years we have determined the basic features of our Universe. It is spatially flat; accelerating; comprised of 1/3 a new form of matter, 2/3 a new form of energy, with some ordinary matter and a dash of massive neutrinos; and it apparently began from a great burst of expansion (inflation) during which quantum noise was stretched to astrophysical size seeding cosmic structure. This "New Cosmology" greatly extends the highly successful hot big-bang model. Now we have to make sense of it. What is the dark matter particle? What is the nature of the dark energy? Why this mixture? How did the matter - antimatter asymmetry arise? What is the underlying cause of inflation (if it indeed occurred)? C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM mturner@oddjob.uchicago.edu NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 17 IS 24 BP 3446 EP 3457 DI 10.1142/S0217751X02012843 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 605ET UT WOS:000178665000009 ER PT J AU Geer, S AF Geer, S TI Neutrino factory and muon collider R&D SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energy CY JUL 23-28, 2001 CL ROME, ITALY ID OSCILLATION; PHYSICS AB European, Japanese, and US Neutrino Factory designs are presented. The main R&D issues and associated R&D programs, future prospects, and the additional issues that must be addressed to produce a viable Muon Collider design, are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Geer, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 17 IS 24 BP 3483 EP 3498 DI 10.1142/S0217751X02012879 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 605ET UT WOS:000178665000012 ER PT J AU Snyderwine, EG Sinha, R Felton, JS Ferguson, LR AF Snyderwine, EG Sinha, R Felton, JS Ferguson, LR TI Highlights of the Eighth International Conference on Carcinogenic/Mutagenic N-Substituted Aryl Compounds SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Editorial Material DE aromatic amines; carcinogenesis; epidemiology; mutagenesis; human exposure and risk; metabolism; molecular alterations; DNA adducts; biomonitoring; heterocyclic amines ID BLADDER-CANCER RISK; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; DNA-ADDUCTS; COOKED MEAT; WELL-DONE; RED MEAT; FOOD; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE; COLON; CARCINOGEN AB Research in the 20th century initially identified arylamines as causative factors in occupational carcinogenesis, especially bladder cancer, and subsequently identified arylamines as a major class of mutagens/carcinogens in the environment and diet that are potential risk factors in a variety of human cancers. Current research focuses on understanding of mechanisms of arylamine carcinogenesis, such as therole of metabolic processing, DNA adduct formation, and mutagenesis, and learning more about the molecular alterations in carcinomas induced by these compounds. Furthermore, research to identify human exposures, including developing more sensitive methods for analyzing environmental samples and identifying suitable biomarkers are important aspects of contemporary investigations. In addition, better evaluation of the risk of these compounds in human cancer especially with regard to the impact of genetic polymorphisms is a major focus of research in this field. Although current population studies have sometimes been described as equivocal, improved tools for epidemiology, refined human biomonitoring methods and collaborative endeavors to study multiple population groups now provide a better means to ultimately define the role of arylamines in human carcinogenesis. The purpose of the Eighth International Conference on Carcinogenic/Mutagenic N-Substituted Aryl Compounds, held in Washington, DC, 12-14 November 2001, was to explore the current scope of studies on arylamine carcinogenesis among scientists in basic research and epidemiology and to discuss future research priorities. With the intent of providing a view to the current field of research on aromatic amines, this review presents a synopsis of the Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference and highlights the manuscripts contained in this special issue of Mutation Research. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Chem Carcinogenesis Sect, Expt Carcinogenesis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Auckland, Nutr ACSRC, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Snyderwine, EG (reprint author), NCI, Chem Carcinogenesis Sect, Expt Carcinogenesis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Ferguson, Lynnette/F-5989-2011; Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 NR 65 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 506 SI SI BP 1 EP 8 AR PII S0027-5107(02)00146-X DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00146-X PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 602PJ UT WOS:000178513400001 PM 12351139 ER PT J AU Sasaki, JC Fellers, RS Colvin, ME AF Sasaki, JC Fellers, RS Colvin, ME TI Metabolic oxidation of carcinogenic arylamines by P450 monooxygenases: theoretical support for the one-electron transfer mechanism SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Carcinogenic/Mutagenic N-Substituted Aryl Compounds CY NOV 12-14, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NCI, US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Toronto Res Chem Inc, Nestle Res Ctr, Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst DE aromatic amines; metabolic oxidation; Huckel theory; ab initio quantum chemistry; cytochrome P450 ID N-DEALKYLATION; CYTOCHROME-P450; DEMETHYLATION; DEPROTONATION; PEROXIDASE; MICROSOMES; AMINES; IONS; FOOD AB N-oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes is an initial step in the metabolic activation of aromatic amine compounds. Once metabolized, these compounds are converted to DNA-reactive species which can exhibit potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic activity. The precise mechanism of P450 enzyme oxidation is not completely understood, although various theories, involving either one-electron transfer, two-electron transfer or addition-rearrangement, have been debated. In previous studies, selection of the most probable mechanism has been based on consideration of Huckel theory charge distribution calculations and experimentally-derived enzyme metabolism data. This approach can now be improved by incorporating contemporary, ab initio quantum chemical methods to accurately determine the chemical properties of P450 aromatic amine substrates. In this work, we have re-examined the feasibility of three proposed P450 oxidation mechanisms by comparing the experimental oxidation yields and rates of 1-naphthylamine (1-NA), 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) and 2-aminofluorene (2-AF). This data has then been analyzed with respect to ab initio-calculated charge distributions and energies of reactants, oxidation products and proposed intermediates. Our analysis of theoretical and experimental data indicates that the one-electron model is more consistent with oxidation rate data for 1-NA, 2-NA, and 2-AR We therefore conclude, in contrast to earlier studies, that the one-electron mechanism is more likely to be the pathway for P450-catalyzed aromatic amine oxidation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Colvin, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Mailstop L-448, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 506 SI SI BP 79 EP 89 AR PII S0027-5107(02)00154-9 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00154-9 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 602PJ UT WOS:000178513400009 PM 12351147 ER PT J AU Christian, AT Snyderwine, EG Tucker, JD AF Christian, AT Snyderwine, EG Tucker, JD TI Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of PhIP-induced mammary carcinomas in rats reveals a cytogenetic signature SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Carcinogenic/Mutagenic N-Substituted Aryl Compounds CY NOV 12-14, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NCI, US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Toronto Res Chem Inc, Nestle Res Ctr, Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst DE mammary cancer; rats; food mutagen; 2-amino-1-methyl-6phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP); 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA); comparative genomic hybridization; cytogenetic signature ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; BREAST-CANCER; MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE; CHROMOSOMES; IMBALANCE; RADIATION; TUMORS; FAT AB 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a mutagen/carcinogen belonging to the class of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) found in cooked meats, is a known rat mammary gland carcinogen. To gain insight into the genomic alterations associated with PhIP-induced carcinogenesis, we used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to examine chromosomal abnormalities in rat mammary gland carcinomas induced by PhIP. The alterations were compared to those induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a potent and well-studied mammary carcinogen. All six PhIP-induced carcinomas examined by CGH showed losses in the same specific regions of chromosomes 2, 3, 11, 18, and X, whereas three carcinomas induced by DMBA showed no consistent patterns of chromosomal gain or loss. This indicates that PhIP has a recognizable cytogenetic signature in rat mammary gland carcinomas. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NCI, Chem Carcinogenesis Sect, Expt Carcinogenesis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Christian, AT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 506 SI SI BP 113 EP 119 AR PII S0027-5107(02)00157-4 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00157-4 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 602PJ UT WOS:000178513400012 PM 12351150 ER PT J AU Knize, MG Kulp, KS Salmon, CP Keating, GA Felton, JS AF Knize, MG Kulp, KS Salmon, CP Keating, GA Felton, JS TI Factors affecting human heterocyclic amine intake and the metabolism of PhIP SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Carcinogenic/Mutagenic N-Substituted Aryl Compounds CY NOV 12-14, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NCI, US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Toronto Res Chem Inc, Nestle Res Ctr, Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst DE PhIP; MeIQx; IFP; heterocyclic amine; food mutagen ID DONE RED MEAT; AROMATIC-AMINES; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE PHIP; WELL-DONE; BREAST-CANCER; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; URINARY-EXCRETION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ADDUCT FORMATION; UNITED-STATES AB We are working to understand possible human health effects from exposure to heterocyclic amines that are formed in meat during cooking. Laboratory-cooked beef, pork, and chicken are capable of producing tens of nanograms of MeIQx, IFP, and PhIP per gram of meat and smaller amounts of other heteroyclic amines. Well-done restaurant-cooked beef, pork, and chicken may contain PhIP and IFP at concentrations as high as tens of nanograms per gram and MeIQx at levels up to 3 ng/g. Although well-done chicken breast prepared in the laboratory may contain large amounts of PhIP, a survey of flame-grilled meat samples cooked in private homes showed PhIP levels in beef steak and chicken breast are not significantly different (P = 0.36). The extremely high PhIP levels reported in some studies of grilled chicken are not seen in home-cooked samples. Many studies suggest individuals may have varying susceptibility to carcinogens and that diet may influence metabolism, thus affecting cancer susceptibility. To understand the human metabolism of PhIP, we examined urinary metabolites of PhIP in volunteers following a single well-done meat exposure. Using solid-phase extraction and LC/MS/MS, we quantified four major PhIP metabolites in human urine. In addition to investigating individual variation, we examined the interaction of PhIP with a potentially chemopreventive food. In a preliminary study of the effect of broccoli on PhIP metabolism, we fed chicken to six volunteers before and after eating steamed broccoli daily for 3 days. Preliminary results suggest that broccoli, which contains isothiocyanates shown to induce Phases I and II metabolism in vitro, may affect both the rate of metabolite excretion and the metabolic products of a dietary carcinogen. This newly developed methodology will allow us to assess prevention strategies that reduce the possible risks associated with PhIP exposure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Knize, MG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 51 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 506 SI SI BP 153 EP 162 AR PII S0027-5107(02)00162-8 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00162-8 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 602PJ UT WOS:000178513400017 PM 12351155 ER PT J AU Goremychkin, EA Osborn, R Rainford, BD Costi, TA Murani, AP Scott, CA King, PJC AF Goremychkin, EA Osborn, R Rainford, BD Costi, TA Murani, AP Scott, CA King, PJC TI Magnetic correlations and the anisotropic Kondo effect in Ce1-xLaxAl3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISSIPATIVE 2-STATE SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; GROUND-STATE; URU2SI2; CEAL3; CE0.8LA0.2AL3; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS; NMR AB By combining the results of muon spin relaxation and inelastic neutron scattering in the heavy fermion compounds Ce1-xLaxAl3 (0.0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.2), we show that static magnetic correlations are suppressed above a characteristic temperature, T-*, by electronic dissipation rather than by thermal disorder. Below T-*, an energy gap opens in the single-ion magnetic response in agreement with the predictions of the anisotropic Kondo model. Scaling arguments suggest that similar behavior may underlie the "hidden order" in URu2Si2. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theorie Kondensierten Mat, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011; Costi, Theo/C-5113-2011 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140; Costi, Theo/0000-0003-0815-5237 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 14 AR 147201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.147201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 595BP UT WOS:000178087200042 PM 12366072 ER PT J AU Lumsden, MD Dunsiger, SR Sonier, JE Miller, RI Kiefl, RF Jin, R He, J Mandrus, D Bramwell, ST Gardner, JS AF Lumsden, MD Dunsiger, SR Sonier, JE Miller, RI Kiefl, RF Jin, R He, J Mandrus, D Bramwell, ST Gardner, JS TI Temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth in the vortex state of the pyrochlore superconductor, Cd2Re2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MUON-SPIN-ROTATION; GEOMETRICAL FRUSTRATION; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; OXIDE CD2RE2O7; TRANSITION; PHASE; FERROMAGNET; LATTICE; LIQUID; LIV2O4 AB We report transverse-field and zero-field muon spin rotation and relaxation studies of the superconducting rhenium oxide pyrochlore, Cd2Re2O7. Transverse-field measurements (H=0.007 T) show line broadening below T-c, which is characteristic of a vortex state, demonstrating conclusively the type-II nature of this superconductor. The penetration depth is seen to level off below about 400 mK (T/T(c)similar to0.4), with a rather large value of lambda(T=0)similar to7500 Angstrom. The temperature independent behavior below similar to400 mK is consistent with a nodeless superconducting energy gap. Zero-field measurements indicate no static magnetic fields developing below the transition temperature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. CNR, NPMR, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Lumsden, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 14 AR 147002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.147002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 595BP UT WOS:000178087200037 PM 12366067 ER PT J AU Shvets, G Wurtele, JS AF Shvets, G Wurtele, JS TI Transparency of magnetized plasma at the cyclotron frequency (vol 89, art no 115003, 2002) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 14 AR 149901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.149901 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 595BP UT WOS:000178087200059 ER PT J AU Wu, J Wang, EG Varga, K Liu, BG Pantelides, ST Zhang, ZY AF Wu, J Wang, EG Varga, K Liu, BG Pantelides, ST Zhang, ZY TI Island shape selection in Pt(111) submonolayer homoepitaxy with or without CO as an adsorbate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SELF-DIFFUSION; GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY; DESORPTION; SURFACE AB The microscopic selection mechanisms of single-layer island shapes in Pt(111) homoepitaxy with or without minute amounts of CO adsorbate have been investigated theoretically. For clean growth, only triangular islands of a fixed orientation are obtained within a wide range of growth temperatures, with the orientation uniquely determined by a disparity in the rates of atom supply to an island corner site from the two island edges defining the corner. This novel picture is further corroborated by growth predictions in the presence of CO, whose preferential decoration of one type of the island edges reverses the intrinsic rate disparity for atom supply, thereby inverting the island orientation. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RI Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 14 AR 146103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.146103 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 595BP UT WOS:000178087200027 PM 12366057 ER PT J AU Green, MA Maddern, T Brunger, MJ Campbell, L Cartwright, DC Newell, WR Teubner, PJO AF Green, MA Maddern, T Brunger, MJ Campbell, L Cartwright, DC Newell, WR Teubner, PJO TI Differential cross sections for electron impact excitation of the Herzberg pseudocontinuum of molecular oxygen SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE; SCATTERING; O-2; O2 AB We report differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron impact excitation of the sum (c (1) Sigma(u)(-) +A' (3) Delta(u) +A (3) Sigma(u)(+)) of the three states that constitute the Herzberg pseudocontinuum in O(2). These DCSs were measured at seven incident electron energies in the range 9-20 eV and over the scattered electron angular range 10-90degrees. We note that this represents a far more detailed study than has hitherto previously been reported. In their review on electron-diatomic molecule scattering systems, Brunger and Buckman (Brunger M J and Buckman S J 2002 Phys. Rep. 357 215) clearly identified gaps in our knowledge for electron impact, excitation of the Herzberg electronic states. The present study rectifies this situation and, additionally, seeks to stimulate theoreticians to extend their existing integral cross section calculations, for the c (1) Sigma(u)(-), A' (3) Delta(u) and A (3) Sigma(u)(+) states, to the DCS-level. C1 Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem Phys & Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E, England. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem Phys & Earth Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RI Green, Michael/C-9634-2011; Green, Michael/F-7845-2012; OI Campbell, Laurence/0000-0003-0728-554X; Brunger, Michael/0000-0002-7743-2990 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 18 BP 3793 EP 3800 AR PII S0953-4075(02)36094-2 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/35/18/301 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 606CA UT WOS:000178714500003 ER PT J AU Wernet, P Verweyen, A Schulz, J Sonntag, B Godehusen, K Muller, R Zimmermann, P Martins, M AF Wernet, P Verweyen, A Schulz, J Sonntag, B Godehusen, K Muller, R Zimmermann, P Martins, M TI Combining high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and laser polarization for a study of the 4f and 5p photoionization of atomic thulium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC DICHROISM; SPECTRA; PHOTOEMISSION; EU; MULTIPLET; THRESHOLD; STATES; CORE AB The 4f and 5p subvalence photoionization of atomic Tm has been investigated by combining high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy and dichroism measurements of the laser-polarized atoms. The experimental results are compared to Hartree-Fock calculations. The Tm 5p photoelectron spectrum is dominated by spin-orbit splitting whereas mixing of the final ionic states strongly influences the Tm 4f photoionization. Intermediate coupling is appropriate for the explanation of the complex Tm 4f multiplet structure, though some lines are well described within LS coupling. This suggests a partial breakdown of the LS-coupling approximation for Tm 4f photoionization. In comparison to the corresponding spectra of Eu the Tm spectra are much less affected by the admixture of 6s5d and 5d(2) valence electron configurations. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. BESSY GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Atomare Phys & Fachdidakt, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Wernet, P (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Wernet, Philippe/A-7085-2013; Zimmermann, Peter/H-3989-2013; Godehusen, Kai/O-9470-2016; OI Wernet, Philippe/0000-0001-7011-9072; Godehusen, Kai/0000-0002-4406-4212; Martins, Michael/0000-0002-1228-5029 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD SEP 28 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 18 BP 3887 EP 3900 AR PII S0953-4075(02)39233-2 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/35/18/308 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 606CA UT WOS:000178714500010 ER PT J AU Khalifah, P Osborn, R Huang, Q Zandbergen, HW Jin, R Liu, Y Mandrus, D Cava, RJ AF Khalifah, P Osborn, R Huang, Q Zandbergen, HW Jin, R Liu, Y Mandrus, D Cava, RJ TI Orbital ordering transition in La4Ru2O10 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXIDES; DISTORTIONS; CA2RUO4; PHYSICS; YTIO3; YVO3 AB We report experimental evidence for a full orbital ordering transition in the two-dimensional lanthanum ruthenate La4Ru2O10. The observable consequences of this orbital ordering include the loss of the Ru local moment, a structural distortion which partitions Ru-O bonds into axially oriented short and long sets, a sharp jump in electrical resistivity, and the opening of a spin gap that is visible in neutron scattering experiments. This is a rare example of a discrete orbital ordering transition in a 4d transition metal oxide and demonstrates that orbital effects can have an influence on the properties of layered ruthenates, a family of compounds that notably includes the p-wave superconductor Sr2RuO4 and the field-tuned quantum critical metamagnet Sr3Ru2O7. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Tech Univ Delft, Natl Ctr High Resolut Electron Microscopy, NL-2628 AL Delft, Netherlands. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Khalifah, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140; NR 16 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 27 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5590 BP 2237 EP 2240 DI 10.1126/science.1075556 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 597LA UT WOS:000178222000039 PM 12351782 ER PT J AU Mao, WL Mao, HK Goncharov, AF Struzhkin, VV Guo, QZ Hu, JZ Shu, JF Hemley, RJ Somayazulu, M Zhao, YS AF Mao, WL Mao, HK Goncharov, AF Struzhkin, VV Guo, QZ Hu, JZ Shu, JF Hemley, RJ Somayazulu, M Zhao, YS TI Hydrogen clusters in clathrate hydrate SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; METHANE HYDRATE; ICE; DYNAMICS; H-2; TEMPERATURE; GPA AB High-pressure Raman, infrared, x-ray, and neutron studies show that H-2 and H2O mixtures crystallize into the sII clathrate structure with an approximate H-2/H2O molar ratio of 1:2. The clathrate cages are multiply occupied, with a cluster of two H-2 molecules in the small cage and four in the large cage. Substantial softening and splitting of hydrogen vibrons indicate increased intermolecular interactions. The quenched clathrate is stable up to 145 kelvin at ambient pressure. Retention of hydrogen at such high temperatures could help its condensation in planetary nebulae and may play a key role in the evolution of icy bodies. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, High Pressure Collaborat Team, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mao, WL (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Mao, Wendy/D-1885-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548 NR 27 TC 497 Z9 504 U1 20 U2 160 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 27 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5590 BP 2247 EP 2249 DI 10.1126/science.1075394 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 597LA UT WOS:000178222000043 PM 12351785 ER PT J AU Bruckner-Lea, CJ Tsukuda, T Dockendorff, B Follansbee, JC Kingsley, MT Ocampo, C Stults, JR Chandler, DP AF Bruckner-Lea, CJ Tsukuda, T Dockendorff, B Follansbee, JC Kingsley, MT Ocampo, C Stults, JR Chandler, DP TI Renewable microcolumns for automated DNA purification and flow-through amplification: from sediment samples through polymerase chain reaction SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE DNA; nucleic acid; PCR; renewable microcolumn; microbead; sequential injection; sediment ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; PCR; TAQMAN; RNA; INSTRUMENT; INJECTION; SYSTEM; ASSAY AB There is an increasing need for field-portable systems for the detection and characterization of microorganisms in the environment. Nucleic acids analysis is frequently the method of choice for discriminating between bacteria in complex systems, but standard protocols are difficult to automate and current microfluidic devices are not configured specifically for environmental sample analysis. In this report, we describe the development of an integrated DNA purification and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification system and demonstrate its use for the automated purification and amplification of Geobacter chapellei DNA (genomic DNA or plasmid targets) from sediments. The system includes renewable separation columns for the automated capture and release of microparticle purification matrices, and can be easily reprogrammed for new separation chemistries and sample types. The DNA extraction efficiency for the automated system ranged from 3 to 25%, depending on the length and concentration of the DNA target. The system was more efficient than batch capture methods for the recovery of dilute genomic DNA even though the reagent volumes were smaller than required for the batch procedure. The automated DNA concentration and purification module was coupled to a flow-through, Peltier-controlled DNA amplification chamber, and used to successfully purify and amplify genomic and plasmid DNA from sediment extracts. Cleaning protocols were also developed to allow reuse of the integrated sample preparation system, including the flow-through PCR tube. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Characterizat & Risk Assessment, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bruckner-Lea, CJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, 900 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,Mail Stop K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD SEP 26 PY 2002 VL 469 IS 1 BP 129 EP 140 AR PII S0003-2670(01)01438-6 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01438-6 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 597PB UT WOS:000178229000011 ER PT J AU Allain, LR Vo-Dinh, T AF Allain, LR Vo-Dinh, T TI Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 using a silver-coated microarray platform SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE breast cancer detection; BRCA; SERS; DNA immobilization; SAMs; rhodamine B ID GOLD; DNA AB Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy was used to monitor DNA hybridization of a fragment of the BRCA1 breast cancer susceptibility gene on modified silver surfaces. Rhodamine B was covalently attached to a 5'-amino-labeled oligonucleotide sequence (23 mer) through a succinimidyl ester intermediate in methanol. The silver surfaces were prepared by depositing a discontinuous layer (9.0 nm) of silver onto glass slides, which had been etched with HF to form a microwell platform, and subsequently modified with a monolayer of mercaptoundecanoic acid. The complementary probe was covalently attached to the silver surfaces using a succinimidyl ester intermediate in acetonitrile. The silver island substrate allows a very large enhancement of the Raman signal of the DNA-Rhodamine B, and clear distinction between hybridized samples and controls on a microwell array sampling platform. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD SEP 26 PY 2002 VL 469 IS 1 BP 149 EP 154 AR PII S0003-2670(01)01537-9 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01537-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 597PB UT WOS:000178229000013 ER PT J AU Weiss, R Fischer, J Bulach, V Schunemann, V Gerdan, M Trautwein, AX Shelnutt, JA Gros, CP Tabard, A Guilard, R AF Weiss, R Fischer, J Bulach, V Schunemann, V Gerdan, M Trautwein, AX Shelnutt, JA Gros, CP Tabard, A Guilard, R TI Structure and mixed spin state of the chloroiron(III) complex of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaphenyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin, Fe(dpp)Cl SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; iron complexes; porphyrin complexes; magnetic properties ID FERRIC CYTOCHROME C'; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA; NONPLANAR PORPHYRINS; IRON(III) PORPHYRINS; PEROXIDASE; RESONANCE; MODEL; DODECAPHENYLPORPHYRIN; CONFORMATION AB The chloroiron(III) complex Fe(dpp)Cl (1) of the peripherally crowded 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaphenyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin or dodecaphenylporphyrin (dpp), has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, normal-coordinate structural decomposition analysis (NSD), EPR and Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The dpp ligand present in the crystal structure of this molecule is predominantly saddle-shaped. It is also ruffled and slightly domed according to an analysis of the out-of-plane distortions performed by using NSD. This saddle deformation is significantly smaller than those observed in the chloroiron(III) complexes of the beta-pyrrole octamethyl and octaethyl substituted tetraphenylporphyrins, Fe(omtpp)Cl and in the two crystalline forms known for Fe(oetpp)Cl (2, 2'). It is similar to that observed in the chloroiron(III) complex of the beta-pyrrole hexaethyltetraphenylporphyrin, Fe(hetpp)Cl (6), in which the porphyrin ligand contains only three 3,4-diethyl substituted pyrrole rings. However, this saddle deformation present in 1 is still larger than those observed in all the cytochromes c' and plant peroxidases whose heme structures were analyzed by NSD. The EPR spectrum of 1 shows that the contribution of the S = 3/2 spin state to the S = 5/2, 3/2 quantum-mechanically spin-admixed state (QMS) is 6.75%. The Mossbauer spectrum obtained at room temperature and the magnetic susceptibility measured between 2 and 293 K of a powder sample of 1 are compatible with such a small S = 5/2, 3/2 spin admixture. However, although the saddle displacement (sad) of 2.75 Angstrom found in Fe(dpp)Cl by NSD is slightly smaller than that of 2.90 Angstrom observed in Fe(hetpp)Cl (6) or much smaller than that of 3.40 Angstrom found in Fe(oetpp)CI (T), the S = 3/2 contribution of 6.75% is larger than those observed in the other two compounds of 2.75 and 4.25%, respectively. This relatively large sad displacement of 2.75 Angstrom observed in the porphyrin of 1 together with the small S = 5/2, 3/2 spin admixture of 6.75% indicates that the saddle distortion alone is probably not sufficient to cause the QMS states observed in several ferricytochromes c' isolated from photosynthetic bacteria and in some plant peroxidases. The slightly larger S = 5/2, 3/2 spin admixture found in 1 (6.75%) relative to that of 2.75% observed in 6 could be related to the larger ruffling of the dpp ring of 1 relative to that of the hetpp ring present in 6. It may be that saddling along with other factors such as specific combinations of non-planar deformations, specific axial ligands and ligand geometries are necessary to realize a substantial S = 5/2, 3/2 spin admixture. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Strasbourg 1, ISIS, Lab Chim Supramol, CNRS,UMR 7006, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, Inst Le Bel, UMR 7513, Lab Chim Organomet & Catalyse, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, Inst Le Bel, UMR 7513, Chim Coordinat Organ Lab, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. Med Univ Lubeck, Inst Phys, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Bourgogne, Fac Sci Gabriel, LIMSAG UMR CNRS 5633, F-21100 Dijon, France. RP Weiss, R (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg 1, ISIS, Lab Chim Supramol, CNRS,UMR 7006, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Tabard, Alain/E-5799-2015; Schunemann, Volker/C-6603-2016; GROS, Claude/F-3635-2017 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Tabard, Alain/0000-0003-2023-6574; GROS, Claude/0000-0002-6966-947X NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD SEP 26 PY 2002 VL 337 BP 223 EP 232 AR PII S0020-1693(02)01087-3 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(02)01087-3 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 601XC UT WOS:000178473200025 ER PT J AU Basumallick, L George, SD Randall, DW Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Fujisawa, K Solomon, EI AF Basumallick, L George, SD Randall, DW Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Fujisawa, K Solomon, EI TI Spectroscopic comparison of the five-coordinate [Cu(SMeIm)(HB(3,5-iPr(2)pz)(3))] with the four-coordinate [Cu(SCPh3)(HB(3,5-iPr(2)pz)(3))]: effect of coordination number increase on a blue cop per type site SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE red and blue copper centers; electronic structure; metalloproteins; electron transfer processes ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MODEL COMPLEXES; ACTIVE-SITES; CU-A; PLASTOCYANIN; PROTEINS; EDGE; STATE; RESOLUTION AB A variety of spectroscopic techniques have been applied to characterize and compare two model complexes with relevance to red and blue copper centers in metalloproteins, [Cu(SMeIm)(HB(3,5-iPr(2)pz)3)] (1) and [Cu(SCPh3)(HB(3,5-iPr(2)pz)3)] (2), which are five- and four-coordinate, respectively. The key spectral differences in low temperature absorption and magnetic circular dichroism. (MCD) include an increase in the Ssigma-->Cu charge transfer (CT) band intensity at 370 nm and a decrease in the absorption intensity at similar to570 nm for the Spi-->Cu CT. The energies of the d-->d transitions in 1 are increased relative to 2 reflecting a more tetragonal geometry and a stronger ligand field. S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements demonstrate a less covalent thiolate Cu interaction in the HOMO of 1 (15% Sp) compared to 2 (52% Sp). XAS at the Cu L-edge indicates that the Cu d-character in the HOMO of 1 has increased relative to that of 2. The electronic perturbation resulting from the increased coordination number has been evaluated. The thiolate rotates in the NNS plane resulting in increased sigma overlap with the Cu. Additionally, the Cu-S bond length increases. The associated reduced covalency of the thiolate can contribute to the function of perturbed blue copper sites in proteins. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Dept Chem, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. RP Solomon, EI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, 333 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD SEP 26 PY 2002 VL 337 BP 357 EP 365 AR PII S0020-1693(02)01104-0 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(02)01104-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 601XC UT WOS:000178473200037 ER PT J AU Liu, G Rodriguez, JA Chang, Z Hrbek, J Gonzalez, L AF Liu, G Rodriguez, JA Chang, Z Hrbek, J Gonzalez, L TI Adsorption of methanethiol on stoichiometric and defective TiO2(110) surfaces: A combined experimental and theoretical study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MIXED-METAL OXIDES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; PLANE-WAVE; DEPENDENT ADSORPTION AB The interaction of CH3SH with TiO2(110) has been studied with a combination of synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission, thermal desorption mass spectroscopy, and first-principles density functional slab calculations. On the Ti and O sites of a perfect TiO2(110) substrate there is no dissociation of CH3SH. The molecule bonds to Ti sites via its S lone pairs and desorbs at temperatures below 300 K. For CH3SH chemisorbed on terraces of TiO2(110), the desorption energies for molecular adsorption are similar to10-13 kcal/mol. The desorption energy for CH3SH on defects is similar to18 kcal/mol. Photoemission results show that the active sites for the decomposition of CH3SH are associated with oxygen vacancies ("Tidelta+" sites, delta less than or equal to 3). These defects induce occupied electronic states above the valence band of stoichiometric TiO2 that bond well CH3S, S, and C. Thus, the presence of O vacancies in the oxide surface allows the cleavage of the S-H bond in methanethiol and the deposition of CH3S. The bond between CH3S and O-vacancy sites is mainly covalent, but the bonding interactions are very strong and can induce the migration of O vacancies from the bulk to the surface of the oxide. In systems with a limited number of O vacancies, adsorbed CH3S and H recombine and desorb as CH3SH into gas phase. For surfaces with a large concentration of O vacancies and defects, the C-S bond in adsorbed CH3S breaks in the 250-750 K temperature range with CH3 or CH4 desorbing into gas phase and leaving S and CHx fragments on the surface. These results illustrate the important role played by O vacancies in the chemistry of a thiol over an oxide surface. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11953 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11953 USA. RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 83 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 26 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 38 BP 9883 EP 9891 DI 10.1021/jp021155r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 595JZ UT WOS:000178106700025 ER PT J AU Martin, JD Goettler, SJ Fosse, N Iton, L AF Martin, JD Goettler, SJ Fosse, N Iton, L TI Designing intermediate-range order in amorphous materials SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SHARP DIFFRACTION PEAK; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ZINC-CHLORIDE; ISOTOPIC-SUBSTITUTION; GLASSES; LIQUID AB Amorphous materials are commonly understood to consist of random organizations of molecular-type structural units. However, it has long been known that structural organizations intermediate between discrete chemical bonds and periodic crystalline lattices are present even in liquids(1,2). Numerous models-including random networks and crystalline-type structures with networks composed of clusters(3,4) and voids(5,6)-have been proposed to account for this intermediate-range order(7). Nevertheless, understanding and controlling structural features that determine intermediate-range order in amorphous materials remain fundamental, yet presently unresolved, issues(7-9). The most characteristic signature of such order is the first peak in the total structure factor, referred to as the first sharp diffraction peak or 'low Q' structure. These features correspond to large real-space distances in the materials, and understanding their origin is key to unravelling details of intermediate-range order. Here we employ principles of crystal engineering to design specific patterns of intermediate-range order within amorphous zinc-chloride networks. Using crystalline models, we demonstrate the impact of various structural features on diffraction at low values of Q. Such amorphous network engineering is anticipated to provide the structure/property relationships necessary to tailor specific optical, electronic and mechanical properties. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Martin, JD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Martin, James/0000-0001-7414-2683 NR 26 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 26 PY 2002 VL 419 IS 6905 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.1038/nature01022 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 596ZB UT WOS:000178195400041 PM 12353031 ER PT J AU Desnica, UV Desnica-Frankovic, ID Gamulin, O White, CW Sonder, E Zuhr, RA AF Desnica, UV Desnica-Frankovic, ID Gamulin, O White, CW Sonder, E Zuhr, RA TI UV-visible reflectivity study of the synthesis and growth of nanocrystals obtained by ion implantation SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Vacuum Conference (EVC-7)/3rd European Topical Conference on Hard Coatings (ETCHC-3) CY SEP 17-20, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP Spanish Vacuum Soc DE nanocrystals; cadmium sulfide; CdS; II-VI; implantation; reflectivity ID CDS AB The reflectivity (R) in the UV-visible range was used to study CdS nanocrystals obtained by implantation of Cd and S ions into SiO2 and subsequent annealing (T-a = 300-900degreesC). We demonstrate that such an analysis can give very useful information about the process of nanocrystal formation and growth. The synthesis of even a small fraction of CdS is readily observable through the appearance of interference fringes since the refractive index of US, n(CdS), is substantially higher than that Of SiO2, n(SiO2). Extensive US synthesis, resulting in strong fringes, occurs for T-a greater than or equal to 500degreesC. In addition, for higher T-a, a peak in R with a maximum at 2.45 eV (R-2.45) becomes discernable indicating the formation of larger nanocrystals. It is shown that the blue shift of R2.45 relative to its energy in the bulk US closely corresponds to the shift of bandgap, E-g, with crystallite size and may, therefore, be used to estimate the size of the nanocrystals. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Dept Phys, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Desnica, UV (reprint author), Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Dept Phys, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. OI Gamulin, Ozren/0000-0001-6046-9773 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD SEP 26 PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 451 EP 455 AR PII S0042-207X(02)00230-0 DI 10.1016/S0042-207X(02)00230-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 607RA UT WOS:000178803500024 ER PT J AU Anders, A AF Anders, A TI Energetic deposition using filtered cathodic arc plasmas SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Vacuum Conference (EVC-7)/3rd European Topical Conference on Hard Coatings (ETCHC-3) CY SEP 17-20, 2001 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP Spanish Vacuum Soc DE energetic deposition; metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (MePIIID); film stress; adhesion; filtered cathodic arc; subplantation; atomic scale heating; review ID TETRAHEDRAL AMORPHOUS-CARBON; CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; PHYSICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ION-BEAM DEPOSITION; HIGH-ASPECT-RATIO; VACUUM-ARC; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; INTRINSIC STRESS; IMPLANTATION AB Energetic film deposition techniques, film properties, and some applications are briefly reviewed. Energetic deposition can be defined as a film deposition process in which a significant fraction of particles arrives at the substrate surface with a kinetic energy greater than the bulk displacement energy. Examples of energetic deposition processes include ion-beam-assisted deposition, plasma immersion ion deposition, pulsed laser deposition, and cathodic arc deposition. This work focuses on the production, properties, and use of filtered cathodic are plasmas. The pulsed biasing technique of metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition extends the possibilities of tuning film properties such as density, stress, adhesion, surface roughness, hardness, elastic modulus, and optical constants via the energy of film-forming ions. The difference between kinetic and total ion energy, atomic scale heating, nucleation, intermixing, subplantation, and the relaxation of compressive stress by relatively high-energy ions are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 53, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 91 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD SEP 26 PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 673 EP 686 AR PII S0042-207X(02)00260-9 DI 10.1016/S0042-207X(02)00260-9 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 607RA UT WOS:000178803500059 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Analysis of four-point grids: the diamond configuration SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE diamond array; shifting operator; operational equations; interaction coefficient; quadratic coefficient; response surfaces AB Equations for the four-point grid can be derived from data taken in the diamond array. The equations are obtained from analogous equations for the rectangle or by appeal to the shifting operator, exp(x)F(x) = F(x + h). Curvature on the grid is estimated by interaction and quadratic coefficients. These coefficients compare favorably to the same coefficients as determined by Taylor expansion of the functions generating the data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD SEP 25 PY 2002 VL 131 IS 2-3 BP 215 EP 221 AR PII S0096-3003(01)00125-4 DI 10.1016/S0096-3003(01)00125-4 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 586QJ UT WOS:000177595500001 ER PT J AU Holm, DD AF Holm, DD TI Karman-Howarth theorem for the Lagrangian-averaged Navier-Stokes-alpha model of turbulence SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATIONS; FLOW AB The Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokes-alpha (LANS-alpha) model of turbulence is found to possess a Karman-Howarth (KH) theorem for the dynamics of its second-order autocorrelation functions in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. This KH result implies that alpha-filtering in the LANS-alpha model of turbulence does not affect the exact Navier-Stokes relation between second and third moments at separation distances large compared to the model's length scale alpha. Moreover, at separations r that are smaller than alpha, the KH scaling between energy dissipation rate and longitudinal third-order autocorrelation changes to match the scaling found in two-dimensional incompressible flow. This is consistent with the corresponding change in scaling of the kinetic energy spectrum from k(-5/3) for larger scales with kalpha < 1, which switches to k(-3) for smaller scales with kalpha > 1, as discovered in Foias, Holm Titi (2001). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD SEP 25 PY 2002 VL 467 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1017/S002211200200160X PG 10 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 600CU UT WOS:000178373700009 ER PT J AU Lei, CH Shin, YS Liu, J Ackerman, EJ AF Lei, CH Shin, YS Liu, J Ackerman, EJ TI Entrapping enzyme in a functionalized nanoporous support SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; ENCAPSULATION; MONOLAYERS; SILICA; FOAMS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87181 USA. NR 15 TC 386 Z9 401 U1 13 U2 102 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 25 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 38 BP 11242 EP 11243 DI 10.1021/ja026855o PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 595JC UT WOS:000178104600009 PM 12236718 ER PT J AU Conrads, T Hemann, C George, GN Pickering, IJ Prince, RC Hille, R AF Conrads, T Hemann, C George, GN Pickering, IJ Prince, RC Hille, R TI The active site of arsenite oxidase from Alcaligenes faecalis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE REDUCTASE; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; MOLYBDENUM SITE; SULFITE OXIDASE C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Exxon Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP George, GN (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Prince, Roger/0000-0002-5174-4216; Hemann, Craig/0000-0002-7380-4072; Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 59953] NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 25 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 38 BP 11276 EP 11277 DI 10.1021/ja027684q PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 595JC UT WOS:000178104600026 PM 12236735 ER PT J AU Lin, J Lin, Y Liu, P Meziani, MJ Allard, LF Sun, YP AF Lin, J Lin, Y Liu, P Meziani, MJ Allard, LF Sun, YP TI Hot-fluid annealing for crystalline titanium dioxide nanoparticles in stable suspension SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; REVERSE MICELLES; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; RAPID EXPANSION; TIO2 PARTICLES; RUTILE TIO2; SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALLITES; NANOCRYSTALLINE TITANIA; SILVER NANOPARTICLES AB Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles were synthesized by controlled hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide in reverse micelles in a hydrocarbon solvent. Upon annealing in situ in the presence of the micelles at temperatures considerably lower than those required for the traditional calcination treatment in the solid state, the TiO(2) nanoparticles became highly crystalline but still maintained the same physical parameters and remained in a stable suspension. Thus, the method has allowed the preparation of crystalline TiO(2) nanoparticles that are monodispersed in the same way as they are initially produced in the microemulsion. Effects of the fluid properties on the crystallization of nanoparticles are discussed. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM syaping@clemson.edu NR 57 TC 144 Z9 146 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 25 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 38 BP 11514 EP 11518 DI 10.1021/ja0206341 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 595JC UT WOS:000178104600057 PM 12236766 ER PT J AU Sutton, R Sposito, G AF Sutton, R Sposito, G TI Animated molecular dynamics simulations of hydrated caesium-smectite interlayers SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; CLAY-MINERALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; EXCHANGED CATION; SURFACE-CHARGE; LAYER CHARGE; CESIUM; WATER; MONTMORILLONITE; IONS AB Computer animation of center of mass coordinates obtained from 800 ps molecular dynamics simulations of Cs-smectite hydrates (1/3 and 2/3 water monolayers) provided information concerning the structure and dynamics of the interlayer region that could not be obtained through traditional simulation analysis methods. Cs+ formed inner sphere complexes with the mineral surface, and could be seen to jump from one attracting location near a layer charge site to the next, while water molecules were observed to migrate from the hydration shell of one ion to that of another. Neighboring ions maintained a partial hydration shell by sharing water molecules, such that a single water molecule hydrated two ions simultaneously for hundreds of picoseconds. Cs-montmorillonite hydrates featured the largest extent of this sharing interaction, because interlayer ions were able to inhabit positions near surface cavities as well as at their edges, close to oxygen triads. The greater positional freedom of Cs+ within the montmorillonite interlayer, a result of structural hydroxyl orientation and low tetrahedral charge, promoted the optimization of distances between cations and water molecules required for water sharing. Preference of Cs+ for locations near oxygen triads was observed within interlayer beidellite and hectorite. Water molecules also could be seen to interact directly with the mineral surface, entering its surface cavities to approach attracting charge sites and structural hydroxyls. With increasing water content, water molecules exhibited increased frequency and duration of both cavity habitation and water sharing interactions. Competition between Cs+ and water molecules for surface sites was evident. These important cooperative and competitive features of interlayer molecular behavior were uniquely revealed by animation of an otherwise highly complex simulation output. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sutton, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Mail Stop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD SEP 24 PY 2002 VL 3 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1039/b204973m PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 626AB UT WOS:000179846800001 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Balsara, NP Chakraborty, AK Krishnamoorti, R Hammouda, B AF Lee, JH Balsara, NP Chakraborty, AK Krishnamoorti, R Hammouda, B TI Thermodynamics and phase behavior of block copolymer/homopolymer blends with attractive and repulsive interactions SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITION; BINARY POLYMER MIXTURE; POLYSTYRENE POLYVINYL METHYL-ETHER); MULTICOMPONENT POLYOLEFIN BLENDS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; COMPOSITIONAL DEPENDENCE; CONFORMATIONAL ASYMMETRY; MICROPHASE SEPARATION AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments were conducted on a 25 vol % blend of a poly(ethylene-block-head-to-head propylene) copolymer (PE-PP) in polyisobutylene (PIB). PE/PIB and PE/PP chains are incompatible (the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter chi>0), while PIB and PP are compatible (chi<0) at low temperatures and incompatible (χ>0) at high temperatures. These interactions lead to an order-disorder transition at 150+/-5degreesC and macrophase separation at 251+/-5degreesC. The nature of the concentration fluctuations in the homogeneous state (155degreesCFERROCENOPHANES; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; POLYMERS; POLYMERIZATION; BIREFRINGENCE; POLYISOPRENE; LITHOGRAPHY; POLY(FERROCENYLDIMETHYLSILANES); HOMOPOLYMERS AB The thermodynamic interactions in anionically synthesized poly(styrene-block-ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (SF) copolymers were examined using birefringence, small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS). We show that birefringence detection of the order-disorder transition is possible in colored samples provided the wavelength of the incident beam is in the tail of the absorption spectrum. The location of the order-disorder transition was confirmed by SAXS. The temperature dependence of the Flory-Huggins parameter, chi, of SF copolymers, determined by SAXS, is similar in magnitude to that between polystyrene and polyisoprene chains. We find that chi is independent of block copolymer composition (within experimental error). We also demonstrate that the neutron scattering length densities of styrene and ferrocenyldimethylsilane moieties are identical due to a surprising cancellation of factors related to density and atomic composition. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Twente, MESA Res Inst, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Univ Twente, Fac Chem Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD SEP 24 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 20 BP 7765 EP 7772 DI 10.1021/ma020647z PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 595VU UT WOS:000178129900034 ER PT J AU Jung, HS Doyle, WD Wittig, JE Al-Sharab, JF Bentley, J AF Jung, HS Doyle, WD Wittig, JE Al-Sharab, JF Bentley, J TI Soft anisotropic high magnetization Cu/FeCo films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALLOY THIN-FILMS AB A remarkable reduction in the coercivity H-c of sputtered Fe65Co35 films from 9.6 to 0.7 kA/m was observed using a Cu underlayer as thin as 2.5 nm. The FeCo without Cu exhibited a wide distribution of anisotropy fields up to >80 kA/m while the FeCo with Cu showed a well-defined in-plane uniaxial anisotropy field of 2.3 kA/m up to FeCo thicknesses of at least 1 mum. The saturation magnetostriction was (4.7+/-0.4)x10(-5), independent of Cu thickness while the in-plane tensile stress gradually decreased from 2 to 0.2 GPa as the Cu thickness increased to 10 nm. The Cu changed the preferred orientation of the FeCo from (100) to (110) but more significantly reduced the average grain size from similar to50 to similar to9 nm. This alone is sufficient to explain quantitatively the reduction in H-c using Hoffmann's ripple theory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jung, HS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 10 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 13 BP 2415 EP 2417 DI 10.1063/1.1510163 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 594FE UT WOS:000178037600033 ER PT J AU Gray, JL Hull, R Floro, JA AF Gray, JL Hull, R Floro, JA TI Control of surface morphology through variation of growth rate in SiGe/Si(100) epitaxial films: Nucleation of "quantum fortresses" SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRAINED FILMS; ISLANDS; EVOLUTION; TRANSITION; STABILITY; SI(001); GE AB The surface morphology of Si0.7Ge0.3 films grown at 550 degreesC by molecular-beam epitaxy is found to be highly controllable through changes in growth rate. A growth rate of 0.9 Angstrom/s results in a surface morphology that begins as shallow pyramidal pits, which then become decorated by ordered quadruplets of islands that surround the edges of the pits. This "quantum fortress" structure represents a symmetry with potential application to quantum cellular automata geometries. A higher growth rate of 3 Angstrom/s produces similar results. However, when the growth rate is reduced to 0.15 Angstrom/s, the surface morphology that develops instead consists of elongated ridges. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gray, JL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 23 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 13 BP 2445 EP 2447 DI 10.1063/1.1509094 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 594FE UT WOS:000178037600043 ER PT J AU Davis, J AF Davis, J TI O' brother SO NEW REPUBLIC LA English DT Letter C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20545 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW REPUBLIC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 19TH ST NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0028-6583 J9 NEW REPUBLIC JI New Repub. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 227 IS 13 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 595HL UT WOS:000178102800002 ER PT J AU Tilley, DR Cheves, CM Godwin, JL Hale, GM Hofmann, HM Kelley, JH Sheu, CG Weller, HR AF Tilley, DR Cheves, CM Godwin, JL Hale, GM Hofmann, HM Kelley, JH Sheu, CG Weller, HR TI Energy levels of light nuclei A=5, 6, 7 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Review ID PHASE-SHIFT ANALYSIS; P-SHELL NUCLEI; RESONATING-GROUP METHOD; CHARGE-EXCHANGE REACTION; FUSION CROSS-SECTIONS; QUASI-FREE SCATTERING; VECTOR ANALYZING POWER; ASTROPHYSICAL-S-FACTOR; THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; POLARIZED LI-6 SCATTERING AB A review of the evidence on the properties of the nuclei A = 5, 6 and 7, with emphasis on material leading to information about the structure of the A = 5, 6, 7 systems. (References closed 23 August 2001.) (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. RP Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM jennilyn@tun1.duke.edu RI Weller, Horst/B-5715-2014 NR 1453 TC 341 Z9 348 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 708 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 163 AR PII S0375-9474(02)00597-3 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(02)00597-3 PG 161 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 590BY UT WOS:000177798600001 ER PT J AU Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Deng, WS Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Filimonov, K Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Guedon, M Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Ivanshin, YI Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lakehal-Ayat, L Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ LoCurto, G Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchell, J Moiseenko, VA Moore, CF Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Saulys, AC Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schuttauf, A Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Shvetcov, VS Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thomas, JH Thompson, M Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Wang, F Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zubarev, AN AF Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Deng, WS Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Filimonov, K Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Guedon, M Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Ivanshin, YI Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lakehal-Ayat, L Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ LoCurto, G Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchell, J Moiseenko, VA Moore, CF Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Saulys, AC Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schuttauf, A Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Shvetcov, VS Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thomas, JH Thompson, M Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Wang, F Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Azimuthal anisotropy of K-S(0) and Lambda+(Lambda)over-bar production at midrapidity from Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; GEV AU+AU COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; COLLECTIVE FLOW; STAR TPC; PHASE-TRANSITION; LAMBDA-HYPERONS; PB COLLISIONS; K+ MESONS AB We report STAR results on the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v(2) for strange particles K-S(0), Lambda, and (&ULambda;) over bar at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The value of v(2) as a function of transverse momentum, p(t), of the produced particle and collision centrality is presented for both particles up to p(t)similar to3.0 GeV/c. A strong p(t) dependence in v(2) is observed up to 2.0 GeV/c. The v(2) measurement is compared with hydrodynamic model calculations. The physics implications of the p(t) integrated v(2) magnitude as a function of particle mass are also discussed. C1 Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Adler, C (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014 OI Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323 NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 13 AR 132301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.132301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 594VH UT WOS:000178071800009 ER PT J AU Bianchi, A Movshovich, R Oeschler, N Gegenwart, P Steglich, F Thompson, JD Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL AF Bianchi, A Movshovich, R Oeschler, N Gegenwart, P Steglich, F Thompson, JD Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL TI First-order superconducting phase transition in CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE; UPD2AL3; CERU2; HEAT AB The superconducting phase transition in heavy fermion CeCoIn5 (T-c=2.3 K in zero field) becomes first order when the magnetic field Hparallel to[001] is greater than 4.7 T, and the transition temperature is below T(0)approximate to0.31T(c). The change from second order at lower fields is reflected in strong sharpening of both specific heat and thermal expansion anomalies associated with the phase transition, a strong magnetocaloric effect, and a steplike change in the sample volume. This effect is due to Pauli limiting in a type-II superconductor, and was predicted theoretically in the mid-1960s. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Bianchi, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010; Gegenwart, Philipp/A-7291-2017 OI Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971; NR 18 TC 184 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 13 AR 137002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.137002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 594VH UT WOS:000178071800043 PM 12225052 ER PT J AU Daniel, WB Rutgers, MA AF Daniel, WB Rutgers, MA TI Topology of two-dimensional turbulence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX; DYNAMICS; FLOWS; VORTICITY; CRITERION; STATES AB Velocity differences in the direct enstrophy cascade of two-dimensional turbulence are correlated with the underlying flow topology. The statistics of the transverse and longitudinal velocity differences are found to be governed by different structures. The wings of the transverse distribution are dominated by strong vortex centers, whereas the tails of the longitudinal differences are dominated by saddles. Viewed in the framework of earlier theoretical work, this result suggests that the transfer of enstrophy to smaller scales is accomplished in regions of the flow dominated by saddles. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daniel, WB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM wdaniel@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 13 AR 134502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.134502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 594VH UT WOS:000178071800023 PM 12225032 ER PT J AU Goldberger, WD Rothstein, IZ AF Goldberger, WD Rothstein, IZ TI High energy field theory in truncated anti-de Sitter space SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In this Letter we show that in five-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space truncated by boundary branes, effective field theory techniques are reliable at high energy (much higher than the scale suggested by the Kaluza-Klein mass gap), provided one computes suitable observables. We argue that in the model of Randall and Sundrum for generating the weak scale from the AdS warp factor, the high energy behavior of gauge fields can be calculated in a cutoff independent manner, provided one restricts Green's functions to external points on the Planck brane. Using the AdS/CFT (conformal field theory) correspondence, we calculate the one-loop correction to the Planck brane gauge propagator due to charged bulk fields. These effects give rise to nonuniversal logarithmic energy dependence for a range of scales above the Kaluza-Klein gap. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Goldberger, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rothstein, Ira/O-2747-2014 OI Rothstein, Ira/0000-0002-3374-4212 NR 16 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 13 AR 131601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.131601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 594VH UT WOS:000178071800007 PM 12225016 ER PT J AU Guo, JH Luo, Y Augustsson, A Rubensson, JE Sathe, C Agren, H Siegbahn, H Nordgren, J AF Guo, JH Luo, Y Augustsson, A Rubensson, JE Sathe, C Agren, H Siegbahn, H Nordgren, J TI X-ray emission spectroscopy of hydrogen bonding and electronic structure of liquid water SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORE-HOLE STATES; SCATTERING SPECTRA; INFRARED-SPECTRA; ICE; EXCITATION; RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTION; H2O AB We use x-ray emission spectroscopy to examine the influence of the intermolecular interaction on the local electronic structure of liquid water. By comparing x-ray emission spectra of the water molecule and liquid water, we find a strong involvement of the a(1)-symmetry valence-orbital in the hydrogen bonding. The local electronic structure of water molecules, where one hydrogen bond is broken at the hydrogen site, is separately determined. Our results provide an illustration of the important potential of x-ray emission spectroscopy for elucidating basic features of liquids. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Box 530, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Luo, Yi/B-1449-2009; Agren, Hans/H-7715-2016; Sathe, Conny/P-8139-2016 OI Luo, Yi/0000-0003-0007-0394; Sathe, Conny/0000-0001-7799-8575 NR 35 TC 162 Z9 165 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 13 AR 137402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.137402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 594VH UT WOS:000178071800053 PM 12225062 ER PT J AU Rehm, KE Jiang, CL Ahmad, I Caggiano, J Collon, P Greene, JP Henderson, D Heinz, A Janssens, RVF Pardo, RC Pennington, T Schiffer, JP Siemssen, RH Wuosmaa, AH Paul, M Mohr, P AF Rehm, KE Jiang, CL Ahmad, I Caggiano, J Collon, P Greene, JP Henderson, D Heinz, A Janssens, RVF Pardo, RC Pennington, T Schiffer, JP Siemssen, RH Wuosmaa, AH Paul, M Mohr, P TI Large angle elastic alpha scattering on a N = Z nucleus above A=40 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TI-44; PROBABILITY; DENSITY; RANGE AB Scattering of alpha particles from Ti-44, the lightest unstable alpha-particle nucleus above A=40, has been measured at backward angles. The "anomalous" order-of-magnitude enhancement that is characteristic of Ca-40 and other light alpha-particle nuclei is not observed. Instead, the backward yield is similar to that observed for other nuclei heavier than Ca-40, and is well described with average optical model parameters. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Rehm, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 13 AR 132501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.132501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 594VH UT WOS:000178071800010 PM 12225019 ER PT J AU Shvets, G Kaganovich, I Startsev, E AF Shvets, G Kaganovich, I Startsev, E TI Comment on "Generation of electromagnetic pulses from plasma channels induced by femtosecond light strings" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 13 AR 139301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.139301 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 594VH UT WOS:000178071800060 PM 12225069 ER PT J AU Wu, CJ Glosli, JN Galli, G Ree, FH AF Wu, CJ Glosli, JN Galli, G Ree, FH TI Liquid-liquid phase transition in elemental carbon: A first-principles investigation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PRESSURE; SIMULATIONS; DIAMOND AB It has been recently suggested that elemental carbon may be a promising candidate to exhibit a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT). We report the results of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations showing no evidence of LLPT in carbon, in the same temperature and pressure range where such a transition was found using empirical calculations. Our simulations indicate a continuous evolution from a primarily sp-bonded liquid to an sp(2)-like and an sp(3)-like fluid, as a function of pressure, above the graphite melting line. The discrepancy between quantum and classical simulations is attributed to the inability of empirical potentials to describe complex electronic effects in condensed carbon phases. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wu, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 13 AR 135701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.135701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 594VH UT WOS:000178071800031 PM 12225040 ER PT J AU Cui, ST Cochran, HD AF Cui, ST Cochran, HD TI Molecular dynamics simulation of interfacial electrolyte behaviors in nanoscale cylindrical pores SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER; SEPARATION; ALGORITHM; DEVICES AB Molecular simulations have been carried out on aqueous electrolytes in cylindrical pores a few nanometers in diameter, with uncharged wall or with dispersed, discrete charges modeling silica. The results show a classical Stern layer of adsorbed counterions near the wall, and then a diffuse layer with depleted ion concentration in the interfacial region. The depletion region coincides roughly with the more ordered water structure in the interface. Examination of the interaction energy shows that hydration energy of the ions disfavors the interior, suggesting the importance of the solvent structure near the wall. Comparison with the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann theory indicates qualitative differences in the predicted interfacial behavior. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cui, ST (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 22 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 12 BP 5850 EP 5854 DI 10.1063/1.1501585 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 590LZ UT WOS:000177825500037 ER PT J AU Mitsui, T Rose, MK Fomin, E Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Mitsui, T Rose, MK Fomin, E Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M TI A scanning tunneling microscopy study of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water on Pd(111) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PT(111); SURFACES; DISTRIBUTIONS; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; MECHANISM; PALLADIUM; OXIDATION; PLATINUM; PD AB The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water on Pd(111) was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. The reaction was followed by observing the decreasing size of the oxygen islands in the presence of coadsorbed hydrogen. The observations indicate that the reaction sites are the Pd step edges and that the reaction rate is limited by formation of OH at these sites. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mitsui, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 22 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 12 BP 5855 EP 5858 DI 10.1063/1.1502655 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 590LZ UT WOS:000177825500038 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, A Makida, Y Tanaka, K Krieman, F Roberts, BL Brown, HN Bunce, G Danby, GT G-Perdekamp, M Hseuh, H Jia, L Lee, YY Mapes, M Meng, W Morse, W Pai, C Prigl, R Sampson, W Sandberg, J Suenaga, M Tallerico, T Toldo, F Woodle, K Green, MA Itoh, I Otsuka, H Saito, Y Ozawa, T Tachiya, Y Tanaka, H Grossmann, A Jungmann, K Putlitz, GZ Deng, H Dhawan, S Hughes, V Kawall, D Pretz, J Redin, S Sichtermann, E Steinmetz, A AF Yamamoto, A Makida, Y Tanaka, K Krieman, F Roberts, BL Brown, HN Bunce, G Danby, GT G-Perdekamp, M Hseuh, H Jia, L Lee, YY Mapes, M Meng, W Morse, W Pai, C Prigl, R Sampson, W Sandberg, J Suenaga, M Tallerico, T Toldo, F Woodle, K Green, MA Itoh, I Otsuka, H Saito, Y Ozawa, T Tachiya, Y Tanaka, H Grossmann, A Jungmann, K Putlitz, GZ Deng, H Dhawan, S Hughes, V Kawall, D Pretz, J Redin, S Sichtermann, E Steinmetz, A TI The superconducting inflector for the BNL g-2 experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE muon g-2; superconducting magnet; accelerator magnet; magnetic flux shielding; applied superconductivity ID STORAGE-RING; MAGNET AB The muon g-2 experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has the goal of determining the muon anomalous magnetic moment, a(mu) (= (g-2)/2), to the very high precision of 0.35 parts per million and thus requires a storage ring magnet with great stability and homogeneity. A super-ferric storage ring has been constructed in which the field is to be known to 0.1 ppm. In addition, a new type of air core superconducting inflector has been developed and constructed, which successfully serves as the injection magnet. The injection magnet cancels the storage ring field, 1.5 T, seen by the entering muon beam very close to the storage ring aperture. At the same time, it gives negligible influence to the knowledge of the uniform main magnetic field in the muon storage region located at just 23 rum away from the beam channel. This was accomplished using a new double cosine theta design for the magnetic field which traps most of the return field, and then surrounding the magnet with a special superconducting sheet which traps the remaining return field. The magnet is operated using a warm-to-cold cryogenic cycle which avoids affecting the precision field of the storage ring. This article describes the design, research development, fabrication process, and final performance of this new type of superconducting magnet. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nippon Steel Co, Futtsu, Chiba 2938511, Japan. Tokin Co, Sendai, Miyagi 9828510, Japan. Univ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Meng, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Jungmann, Klaus/A-7142-2010; jungmann, klaus/H-1581-2013 OI jungmann, klaus/0000-0003-0571-4072 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 2002 VL 491 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 40 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01232-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01232-9 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 599CP UT WOS:000178316800004 ER PT J AU Bordallo, HN Herwig, KW Zsigmond, G AF Bordallo, HN Herwig, KW Zsigmond, G TI Analytical calculations and Monte-Carlo simulations of a high-resolution backscattering spectrometer for the long wavelength target station at the Spallation neutron source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron instruments; backscattering; Monte Carlo simulation packages ID IRIS AB Using the Monte-Carlo simulation programs McStas and VITESS, we present the design principles of the proposed high-resolution inverse geometry spectrometer on the Spallation neutron source (SNS)-long wavelength target station (LWTS). LWTS will enable the combination of large energy and momentum transfer ranges with energy resolution. Indeed the resolution of this spectrometer lie between that routinely achieved by spin echo techniques and the design goal of the high-power target station (HPTS) backscattering spectrometer. This niche of energy resolution is interesting for the study of slow motions of large objects and we are led to the domain of large molecules-polymers and biological molecules. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bordallo, HN (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, SF1,Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Bordallo, Heloisa/I-6836-2012 OI Bordallo, Heloisa/0000-0003-0750-0553 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 2002 VL 491 IS 1-2 BP 216 EP 225 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01163-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01163-4 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 599CP UT WOS:000178316800019 ER PT J AU Kiss, MZ Sayers, DE Zhong, Z AF Kiss, MZ Sayers, DE Zhong, Z TI Comparison of X-ray detectors for a diffraction enhanced imaging system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE digital detector; image plate; CCD; point spread function; synchrotron; modulation transfer function; diffraction enhanced imaging ID DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY; DEVICES AB Three digital detector systems-a Fuji BAS2500 Image Plate Reader, a prototype charge-coupled device (CCD) from Mar USA and the MicroPhotonics XQUIS 1000 were compared with respect to format, dynamic range, dark noise, and spatial resolution. Experiments were conducted using highly collimated monochromatic X-rays at 20 keV, produced at the National Synchrotron Light Source. This study characterized digital detectors being considered for integration into a synchrotron-based diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) apparatus used for medical imaging research, particularly mammography. These detectors are also being considered for integration into a proposed clinical prototype for DEI-based mammography. While all three systems had comparable image quality, the CCDs had faster readout time than the image plate system. However, the Fuji system had the largest dynamic range (similar to 10(5) compared to 10(4) for CCDs) and the largest active area. The MicroPhotonics XQUIS 1000 had the best spatial resolution as characterized by the point spread function. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kiss, MZ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 2002 VL 491 IS 1-2 BP 280 EP 290 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01125-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01125-7 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 599CP UT WOS:000178316800025 ER PT J AU Sikora, M Blazejowski, M Moderski, R Madejski, GM AF Sikora, M Blazejowski, M Moderski, R Madejski, GM TI On the nature of MeV blazars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : jets; gamma rays : theory; quasars : general; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; X-rays : general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; HIGH-ENERGY FLARE; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; SHOCK-WAVES; QUASARS; RADIATION; JETS; COMPTONIZATION AB Broadband spectra of the flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) detected in the high-energy gamma-ray band imply that there may be two types of such objects: those with steep gamma-ray spectra, hereafter called MeV blazars, and those with at gamma-ray spectra, GeV blazars. We demonstrate that this difference can be explained in the context of the external radiation Compton (ERC) model using the same electron injection function. A satisfactory unification is reachable, provided that (1) spectra of GeV blazars are produced by internal shocks formed at the distances where cooling of relativistic electrons in a jet is dominated by Comptonization of broad emission lines, whereas spectra of MeV blazars are produced at the distances where cooling of relativistic electrons is dominated by Comptonization of near-IR radiation from hot dust, and (2) electrons are accelerated via a two-step process and their injection function takes the form of a double power law, with the break corresponding to the threshold energy for the diffusive shock acceleration. Direct predictions of our model are that, on average, variability timescales of the MeV blazars should be longer than variability timescales of the GeV blazars, and that both types of the blazar phenomenon can appear in the same object. C1 Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sikora, M (reprint author), Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. NR 38 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2002 VL 577 IS 1 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1086/342164 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 594DJ UT WOS:000178033200008 ER PT J AU Pain, R Fabbro, S Sullivan, M Ellis, RS Aldering, G Astier, P Deustua, SE Fruchter, AS Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, DE Hardin, D Hook, IM Howell, DA Irwin, MJ Kim, AG Kim, MY Knop, RA Lee, JC Lidman, C McMahon, RG Nugent, PE Panagia, N Pennypacker, CR Perlmutter, S Ruiz-Lapuente, P Schahmaneche, K Schaefer, B Walton, NA AF Pain, R Fabbro, S Sullivan, M Ellis, RS Aldering, G Astier, P Deustua, SE Fruchter, AS Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, DE Hardin, D Hook, IM Howell, DA Irwin, MJ Kim, AG Kim, MY Knop, RA Lee, JC Lidman, C McMahon, RG Nugent, PE Panagia, N Pennypacker, CR Perlmutter, S Ruiz-Lapuente, P Schahmaneche, K Schaefer, B Walton, NA CA Supernova Cosmology Project TI The distant Type Ia supernova rate SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; supernovae : general ID GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; UNIVERSE; PROGENITORS; EVOLUTION; DENSITY; DECLINE; LAMBDA AB We present a measurement of the rate of distant Type Ia supernovae derived using four large subsets of data from the Supernova Cosmology Project. Within this fiducial sample, which surveyed about 12 deg(2), 38 supernovae were detected at redshifts 0.25-0.85. In a spatially at cosmological model consistent with the results obtained by the Supernova Cosmology Project, we derive a rest-frame Type Ia supernova rate at a mean redshift z similar or equal to 0.55 of 1.53(-0.25-0.31)(+0.28+0.32) x 10(-4) h(3) Mpc(-3) yr(-1) or 0.58(-0.09-0.09)(+0.10+0.10) h(2) SNu (1 SNu = 1 supernova per century per 10(10) L(Bcircle dot)), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second includes systematic effects. The dependence of the rate on the assumed cosmological parameters is studied and the redshift dependence of the rate per unit comoving volume is contrasted with local estimates in the context of possible cosmic star formation histories and progenitor models. C1 Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, Paris, France. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Stockholm, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. European So Observ, La Silla, Chile. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron, Barcelona 8028, Spain. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Pain, R (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, Paris, France. RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 54 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 20 PY 2002 VL 577 IS 1 BP 120 EP 132 DI 10.1086/342129 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 594DJ UT WOS:000178033200012 ER PT J AU Quataert, E Dorland, W Hammett, GW AF Quataert, E Dorland, W Hammett, GW TI The magnetorotational instability in a collisionless plasma SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; instabilities; plasmas ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; BLACK-HOLES; TURBULENCE; DISKS; FLOWS; TRANSPORT; TORI AB We consider the linear axisymmetric stability of a differentially rotating collisionless plasma in the presence of a weak magnetic field; we restrict our analysis to wavelengths much larger than the proton Larmor radius. This is the kinetic version of the magnetorotational instability explored extensively as a mechanism for magnetic field amplification and angular momentum transport in accretion disks. The kinetic calculation is appropriate for hot accretion flows onto compact objects and for the growth of very weak magnetic fields, where the collisional mean free path is larger than the wavelength of the unstable modes. We show that the kinetic instability criterion is the same as in MHD, namely that the angular velocity decrease outward. However, nearly every mode has a linear kinetic growth rate that differs from its MHD counterpart. The kinetic growth rates also depend explicitly on beta, i.e., on the ratio of the gas pressure to the pressure of the seed magnetic field. For beta similar to 1 the kinetic growth rates are similar to the MHD growth rates, while for beta >> 1 they differ significantly. For beta >> 1, the fastest growing mode has a growth rate approximate to root3Omega for a Keplerian disk, larger than its MHD counterpart; there are also many modes whose growth rates are negligible, less than or similar tobeta(-1/2)Omega< Pmmn transitions are not caused by a Peierls-like instability of the square As/P nets but result from a structural adaptation for the smaller P atoms. The stability of the tetragonal RECuAs2-xPx and other REMX2 structures with respect to the orthorhombic distortion can be characterized by a relative interatomic distance in the As/P or X layer. Although the tetragonal phases have small relative As/P-As/P or X-X interatomic distances, the orthorhombic phases have larger distances. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Franzen, HF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, 342 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 19 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 37 BP 9528 EP 9535 DI 10.1021/jp0206018 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 593TY UT WOS:000178010700008 ER PT J AU Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Segoni, I Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Benussi, L Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Park, KS Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chang, KH Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Cerutti, A Boschini, M D'Angelo, PD DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Paris, A Quinones, J Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Vaandering, EW Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Segoni, I Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Benussi, L Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Park, KS Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chang, KH Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Cerutti, A Boschini, M D'Angelo, PD DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Paris, A Quinones, J Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Vaandering, EW Webster, M Sheaff, M CA FOCUS Collaboration TI New measurements of the D+->(K)over-bar*(0)mu(+)nu form factor ratios SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DECAY AB Using a large sample of D+ --> K- pi(+) mu(+) nu decays collected by the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab, we present new measurements of two semileptonic form factor ratios: r(nu) and r(2). We find r(nu) = 1.504 +/- 0.057 +/- 0.039 and r(2) = 0.875 +/- 0.049 +/- 0.064. Our form factor results include the effects of the s-wave interference discussed in Phys. Lett. B 535 (2002) 43. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Dipartimento Fis Teorica & Nucl, Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Link, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016 OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X NR 13 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD SEP 19 PY 2002 VL 544 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 96 AR PII S0370-2693(02)02386-9 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02386-9 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 601GC UT WOS:000178437300009 ER PT J AU Bloom, I Jones, SA Polzin, EG Battaglia, VS Henriksen, GL Motloch, CG Wright, RB Jungst, RG Case, HL Doughty, DH AF Bloom, I Jones, SA Polzin, EG Battaglia, VS Henriksen, GL Motloch, CG Wright, RB Jungst, RG Case, HL Doughty, DH TI Mechanisms of impedance rise in high-power, lithium-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE high-power; impedance; lithium-ion AB Cells were life-cycled cells using profiles with a 3, 6, or 9% change in state of charge (DeltaSOC) at 40, 50, 60, and 70 degreesC. From the voltage response of the cells to the life-cycle profile at each temperature, we separated the overall impedance rise into two simpler terms, R-o (ohmic) and R-p (polarization), using an equivalent circuit model. The R-o data tend to follow the expected trends (40 > 50 > 60 > 70 degreesC). Although the R-p data trends show that R-p can either decrease or increase asymptotically with time, the overall temperature-dependent behavior is similar to that of R-o. We illustrate the types of processes that can occur in one lithium-ion cell chemistry. Based on the initial rates, the processes are complex. The R. term dominates the observable cell impedance, but R-p adds a non-trivial contribution. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bloom, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD SEP 18 PY 2002 VL 111 IS 1 BP 152 EP 159 AR PII S0378-7753(02)00302-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00302-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 599HV UT WOS:000178329000017 ER PT J AU Liu, TB AF Liu, TB TI Supramolecular structures of polyoxomolybdate-based giant molecules in aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPHERES C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liu, TB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Liu, Tianbo/D-8915-2017 OI Liu, Tianbo/0000-0002-8181-1790 NR 6 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 18 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 37 BP 10942 EP 10943 DI 10.1021/ja027045f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 593XL UT WOS:000178019700003 PM 12224917 ER PT J AU Visser, H Dube, CE Armstrong, WH Sauer, K Yachandra, VK AF Visser, H Dube, CE Armstrong, WH Sauer, K Yachandra, VK TI FTIR spectra and normal-mode analysis of a tetranuclear manganese adamantane-like complex in two electrochemically prepared oxidation states: Relevance to the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC WATER OXIDATION; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; MIXED-VALENCE INTERACTIONS; DIFFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; CENTERED OXIDATION; MN CLUSTER AB The IR spectra and normal-mode analysis of the adamantane-like compound [Mn4O6(bpea)(4)](n+) (bpea = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylamine) in two oxidation states, Mn-4(IV) and (MnMn3IV)-Mn-III, that are relevant to the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II are presented. Mn-O vibrational modes are identified with isotopic exchange, O-16-->O-18, of the mono-mu-oxo bridging atoms in the complex. IR spectra of the (MnMn3IV)-Mn-III species are obtained by electrochemical reduction of the Mn4IV species using a spectro-electrochemical cell, based on attenuated total reflection [Visser, H.; et al. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 4374-4378]. A novel method of subtraction is used to reduce background contributions from solvent and ligand modes, and the difference and double-difference spectra are used in identifying Mn-O bridging modes that are sensitive to oxidation state change. Two strong IR bands are observed for the Mn-4(IV) species at 745 and 707 cm(-1), and a weaker band is observed at 510 cm(-1). Upon reduction, the (MnMn3IV)-Mn-III species exhibits two strong IR bands at 745 and 680 cm(-1), and several weaker bands are observed in the 510-425 cm(-1) range. A normal-mode analysis is performed to assign all the relevant bridging modes in the oxidized Mn-4(IV) and reduced (MnMn3IV)-Mn-III species. The calculated force constants for the Mn-4(IV) species are f(r)(IV) = 3.15 mdyn/Angstrom, f(rOr) = 0.55 mdyn/Angstrom, and f(rMnr) = 0.20 mdyn/Angstrom. The force constants for the (MnMn3IV)-Mn-III species are f(r)(IV) = 3.10 mdyn/Angstrom, f(r)(III) = 2.45 mdyn/Angstrom, f(rOr) = 0.40 mdyn/Angstrom, and f(rMnr) = 0.15 mdyn/Angstrom. This study provides insights for the identification of Mn-O modes in the IR spectra of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex during its catalytic cycle. C1 Boston Coll, Eugene F Merkert Chem Ctr, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Armstrong, WH (reprint author), Boston Coll, Eugene F Merkert Chem Ctr, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R56 GM055302, GM 55302, R01 GM055302] NR 78 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 18 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 37 BP 11008 EP 11017 DI 10.1021/ja020409j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 593XL UT WOS:000178019700034 PM 12224948 ER PT J AU Wetzel, DL Williams, GP AF Wetzel, DL Williams, GP TI Synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy of retinal layers SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy CY AUG 19-24, 2001 CL TURKU, FINLAND DE synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy; differential interference contrast; retina ID RADIATION AB Viewing a microscopic frozen section of a rat retina with differential interference contrast (DIC) reveals the layered structure. An infrared microspectrometer equipped with all reflecting infinity corrected optics provides such viewing capability just prior to probing individual layers or performing mapping experiments. Three-dimensional functional group images reveal the localized chemical microstructure of the layered tissue. This family of images is constructed from spectra scanned at each location in the area mapped. The excellent detail and sharpness of the transition between layers is achieved using a small projected image plane mask. Experimentation done with enhanced spatial resolution, achievable with the very bright synchrotron source that has no thermal noise and is non-divergent, provides high density (100%) rectangular maps from step sizes of 3 or 5 mum between points in the grid. In addition to the perspective provided by the high spatially resolved chemical images, mapping across layers revealed variation in layer contour and chemical composition complimenting the spectral information obtained by previous microspectroscopy investigations with a thermal (globar) source using a narrow but long mask to obtain spectra for each retinal layer. The mapping also showed consistent composition along layers providing baseline data for future investigation that may involve diseased states. Excellent spectra with 4 cm(-1) resolution were extracted from any pixel obtained in the mapping process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Microbeam Mol Spect Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Wetzel, DL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Microbeam Mol Spect Lab, Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwetzel@ksu.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2031 J9 VIB SPECTROSC JI Vib. Spectrosc. PD SEP 18 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 AR PII S0924-2031(02)00044-9 DI 10.1016/S0924-2031(02)00044-9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 598BR UT WOS:000178255700014 ER PT J AU Puck, TT Johnson, R Webb, P Cui, H Valdez, JG Crissman, H AF Puck, TT Johnson, R Webb, P Cui, H Valdez, JG Crissman, H TI Mutagenesis and repair by low doses of a radiation in mammalian cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ALPHA-PARTICLES; MUTATION MEASUREMENT; LYMPHOCYTES; INDUCTION; EXPOSURE; BREAKS; SYSTEM; RADON; RAY AB Low doses of a radiation in basements have been causally implicated in lung cancer. Previous studies have concentrated on high dose effects, for which no significant repair was found. In the present study, the methodology for measuring mutation by quantitating mitotic breaks and gaps was found to be applicable to G(2)-phase Chinese hamster ovary cells irradiated with 10-50 cGy of alpha radiation. The mutation yield in such cells closely resembles that of gamma irradiation. Caffeine, which inhibits repair, produces the same straight line increase of alpha and gamma mutation yields plotted against the dose. In the absence of caffeine, the repair of a radiation lesions is almost twice as great as for gamma radiation. Mitotic index changes substantiate these interpretations. It is proposed that the higher ion density associated with a radiation may result in fewer lesions being missed by the repair processes. The quantitation of chromosomal lesions for G(2) cells exposed to low doses of alpha radiation, gamma radiation, or chemical mutagens in the presence and absence of caffeine is a rapid and reproducible methodology. Protection from mutational disease in a fashion similar to the use of sanitation for infectious disease appears practical. C1 Eleanor Roosevelt Inst, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Puck, TT (reprint author), Eleanor Roosevelt Inst, 1899 Gaylord St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 17 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 19 BP 12220 EP 12223 DI 10.1073/pnas.152433699 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 596VK UT WOS:000178187000042 PM 12198179 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, A Stilwagen, S Ivanova, N D'Souza, M Bernal, A Lykidis, A Kapatral, V Anderson, L Larsen, N Los, T Reznik, G Selkov, E Walunas, TL Feil, H Feil, WS Purcell, A Lassez, JL Hawkins, TL Haselkorn, R Overbeek, R Predki, PF Kyrpides, NC AF Bhattacharyya, A Stilwagen, S Ivanova, N D'Souza, M Bernal, A Lykidis, A Kapatral, V Anderson, L Larsen, N Los, T Reznik, G Selkov, E Walunas, TL Feil, H Feil, WS Purcell, A Lassez, JL Hawkins, TL Haselkorn, R Overbeek, R Predki, PF Kyrpides, NC TI Whole-genome comparative analysis of three phytopathogenic Xylella fastidiosa strains SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PIERCES-DISEASE STRAINS; LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; LIPID-A; SEQUENCE; PATHOGENICITY; GENE; PATHOTYPES; PLANTS; PCR AB Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) causes wilt disease in plants and is responsible for major economic and crop losses globally. Owing to the public importance of this phytopathogen we embarked on a comparative analysis of the complete genome of Xf pv citrus and the partial genomes of two recently sequenced strains of this species: Xf pv almond and Xf pv oleander, which cause leaf scorch in almond and oleander plants, respectively. We report a reanalysis of the previously sequenced Xf 9a5c (CVC, citrus) strain and the two "gapped" Xf genomes revealing ORFs encoding critical functions in pathogenicity and conjugative transfer. Second, a detailed whole-genome functional comparison was based on the three sequenced Xf strains, identifying the unique genes present in each strain, in addition to those shared between strains. Third, an "in silico" cellular reconstruction of these organisms was made, based on a comparison of their core functional subsystems that led to a characterization of their conjugative transfer machinery, identification of potential differences in their adhesion mechanisms, and highlighting of the absence of a classical quorum-sensing mechanism. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of comparative analysis strategies in the interpretation of genomes that are closely related. C1 Integrated Genom Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Protometrix Inc, Guilford, CT 06437 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, A (reprint author), Integrated Genom Inc, 2201 W Campbell Pk Dr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RI Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014 OI Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462 NR 32 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 17 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 19 BP 12403 EP 12408 DI 10.1073/pnas.132393999 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 596VK UT WOS:000178187000074 PM 12205291 ER PT J AU Smay, JE Gratson, GM Shepherd, RF Cesarano, J Lewis, JA AF Smay, JE Gratson, GM Shepherd, RF Cesarano, J Lewis, JA TI Directed colloidal assembly of 3D periodic structures SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINA SUSPENSIONS; COMPOSITES; RHEOLOGY; CRYSTALLIZATION; CRYSTALS; CERAMICS AB Colloidal inks, comprised of silica microspheres with tailored attractive interactions between them, have been directly assembled via a robotically controlled deposition technique. 3D periodic lattices, whose periodicity far exceeds the dimensions of the colloidal building blocks (see Figure for a cross-sectional image), were created through layer-by-layer patterning of parallel rods. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Lewis, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 36 TC 135 Z9 139 U1 13 U2 97 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 18 BP 1279 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-4095(20020916)14:18<1279::AID-ADMA1279>3.0.CO;2-A PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 598RQ UT WOS:000178290600006 ER PT J AU Birrell, J Carlisle, JA Auciello, O Gruen, DM Gibson, JM AF Birrell, J Carlisle, JA Auciello, O Gruen, DM Gibson, JM TI Morphology and electronic structure in nitrogen-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; FILM GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; PLASMA AB Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films consist of 2-5 nm grains of pure sp(3)-bonded carbon and similar to0.5-nm-wide grain boundaries with a disordered mixture of sp(2)- and sp(3)-bonded carbon. UNCD exhibits many interesting materials properties that are a direct consequence of its nanoscale morphology. In this work, we report the changes in morphology induced in UNCD by the addition of nitrogen gas to the Ar/CH4 microwave plasma, as studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and nanoprobe-based electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Both the grain size and grain-boundary widths increase with the addition of N-2, but the overall bonding structure in both regions remains mostly unchanged. These results are used to explain the variation of materials properties of nitrogen-incorporated UNCD films. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Birrell, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Gibson, Murray/E-5855-2013 OI Gibson, Murray/0000-0002-0807-6224 NR 19 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 12 BP 2235 EP 2237 DI 10.1063/1.1503153 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 591ZL UT WOS:000177911200031 ER PT J AU Belkin, MA Shen, YR Flytzanis, C AF Belkin, MA Shen, YR Flytzanis, C TI Coupled-oscillator model for nonlinear optical activity SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY; CHIRAL LIQUIDS AB The coupled-oscillator model, previously used to describe linear optical activity, is extended to the study of nonlinear optical activity of dimer-like chiral molecules. The result shows good agreement between theory and experiment for optically active sum-frequency generation from 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol solution. It is seen that linear and nonlinear optical activities generally probe different aspects of the chiral structure of the molecules. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Phys Mat Condensee Lab, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Shen, YR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Belkin, Mikhail/E-9041-2013 OI Belkin, Mikhail/0000-0003-3172-9462 NR 17 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 363 IS 5-6 BP 479 EP 485 AR PII S0009-2614(02)01189-2 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01189-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 609GH UT WOS:000178894900011 ER PT J AU Baxevanidis, K Davis, H Foster, I Gagliardi, F AF Baxevanidis, K Davis, H Foster, I Gagliardi, F TI Grids and research networks as drivers and enablers of future Internet architectures SO COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE advanced network applications; research networks; funding policy AB Advanced network applications and research networks coexist in an uneasy symbiosis: new applications drive the deployment of the faster networks and new services needed for tomorrow, but can also threaten to overload the networks of today. Informed debate on these important topics requires a clear understanding of the technical requirements of new applications, the technical capabilities of current and future networks, and the policy constraints under which applications and research networks function. We seek here to contribute to this understanding by first summarizing the requirements of an emerging class of advanced Grid applications, and then discussing the technical and policy issues that affect how these requirements can be met. We focus in particular on the European situation in the latter discussion, but believe that most of our observations have broader applicability. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. European Union, IST Programme, Brussels, Belgium. DANTE, Cambridge CB2 1PQ, England. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. CERN, IT Div, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM foster@mcs.anl.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-1286 EI 1872-7069 J9 COMPUT NETW JI Comput. Netw. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 5 EP 17 AR PII S1389-1286(02)00263-3 DI 10.1016/S1389-1286(02)00263-3 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 591FU UT WOS:000177869700002 ER PT J AU Zeng, LM Xie, XY Franzen, HF AF Zeng, LM Xie, XY Franzen, HF TI Crystal structure of AgRSb2 (R = Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er) SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE rare earth compounds; crystal structure; X-ray diffraction AB The crystal structures of the AgRSb2 (R=Pr, Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er) compounds were determined by X-ray powder diffraction using the Rietveld method. The investigated compounds crystallize in the tetragonal space group P4/nmm (No. 129) with the CuSi2Zr structure type. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Guangxi Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zeng, LM (reprint author), Guangxi Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, Peoples R China. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 343 IS 1-2 BP 122 EP 124 AR PII S0925-8388(02)00141-X DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00141-X PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 594TR UT WOS:000178067500017 ER PT J AU Wu, ZZ Cai, H Yu, XH Blanton, JR Diminnie, JB Pan, HJ Xue, ZL AF Wu, ZZ Cai, H Yu, XH Blanton, JR Diminnie, JB Pan, HJ Xue, ZL TI Synthesis of tantalum(V) amido silyl complexes and the vnexpected formation of (Me2N)(3)Ta(eta(2)-ONMe2)[OSi(SiMe3)(3)] from the reaction of (Me2N)(4)Ta[Si(SiMe3)(3)] with O-2 SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID ANIONIC PI-LIGANDS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PREFERENTIAL SILANE ELIMINATION; TRIMETHYLSILYL DERIVATIVES; BIS(SILYL) COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METAL; ALKYL; BIS(ALKYLIDENE); NITRIDE AB The synthesis and characterization of amido silyl complexes of tantalum(V) free of pi-anionic ligands are reported. The amido silyl chloride complexes (Me2N)(3)Ta(SiR3)Cl [SiR3 = Si(SiMe3)(3) (1a), SiPh2But (2)] were prepared from (Me2N)(3)TaCl2 and the corresponding silyllithium reagents Li(THF)(3)Si(SiMe3)(3) and Li(THF)(3)SiPh2But. The amido silyl complexes (Me2N)(4)Ta(SiR3) [SiR3 = Si(SiMe3) (3), SiPh2But (4)] were synthesized by the reactions of (Me2N)(4)-TaCl with Li(THF)(3)SiR3. Complex 3 was found to react with 1 equiv of O-2 to give an oxidation product (Me2N)(3)Ta(eta(2)-ONMe2)[OSi(SiMe3)(3)] (5), and the structure of 5 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The spectroscopic data and crystal structure determination reveal that the coordination geometry around Ta metal in 1a and 2-4 is trigonal bipyramid with silyl ligands in an equatorial position. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xue, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 46 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 19 BP 3973 EP 3978 DI 10.1021/om020537g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 592VJ UT WOS:000177957300019 ER PT J AU Aitala, EM Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Ashery, D Banerjee, S Bediaga, I Blaylock, G Bracker, SB Burchat, PR Burnstein, RA Carter, T Carvalho, HS Copty, NK Cremaldi, LM Darling, C Denisenko, K Devmal, S Fernandez, A Fox, GF Gagnon, P Gobel, C Gounder, K Halling, AM Herrera, G Hurvits, G James, C Kasper, PA Kwan, S Langs, DC Leslie, J Lundberg, B Magnin, J Massafferri, A MayTal-Beck, S Meadows, B Neto, JRTD Mihalcea, D Milburn, RH de Miranda, JM Napier, A Nguyen, A d'Oliveira, AB O'Shaughnessy, K Peng, KC Perera, LP Purohit, MV Quinn, B Radeztsky, S Rafatian, A Reay, NW Reidy, JJ dos Reis, AC Rubin, HA Sanders, DA Santha, AKS Santoro, AFS Schwartz, AJ Sheaff, M Sidwell, RA Slaughter, AJ Sokoloff, MD Salinas, CJS Stanton, NR Stefanski, RJ Stenson, K Summers, DJ Takach, S Thorne, K Tripathi, AK Watanabe, S Weiss-Babai, R Wiener, J Witchey, N Wolin, E Yang, SM Yi, D Yoshida, S Zaliznyak, R Zhang, C AF Aitala, EM Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Ashery, D Banerjee, S Bediaga, I Blaylock, G Bracker, SB Burchat, PR Burnstein, RA Carter, T Carvalho, HS Copty, NK Cremaldi, LM Darling, C Denisenko, K Devmal, S Fernandez, A Fox, GF Gagnon, P Gobel, C Gounder, K Halling, AM Herrera, G Hurvits, G James, C Kasper, PA Kwan, S Langs, DC Leslie, J Lundberg, B Magnin, J Massafferri, A MayTal-Beck, S Meadows, B Neto, JRTD Mihalcea, D Milburn, RH de Miranda, JM Napier, A Nguyen, A d'Oliveira, AB O'Shaughnessy, K Peng, KC Perera, LP Purohit, MV Quinn, B Radeztsky, S Rafatian, A Reay, NW Reidy, JJ dos Reis, AC Rubin, HA Sanders, DA Santha, AKS Santoro, AFS Schwartz, AJ Sheaff, M Sidwell, RA Slaughter, AJ Sokoloff, MD Salinas, CJS Stanton, NR Stefanski, RJ Stenson, K Summers, DJ Takach, S Thorne, K Tripathi, AK Watanabe, S Weiss-Babai, R Wiener, J Witchey, N Wolin, E Yang, SM Yi, D Yoshida, S Zaliznyak, R Zhang, C CA Fermilab E791 Collaboration TI Dalitz plot analysis of the decay D+ -> K- pi(+) pi(+) and indication of a low-mass scalar K pi resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARM MESON DECAYS; S-WAVE; SCATTERING; NONET; KAPPA(900); CLASSIFICATION; MODEL AB We study the Dalitz plot of the decay D+ --> K- pi(+) pi(+) with a sample of 15090 events from Fermilab experiment E791. Modeling the decay amplitude as the coherent sum of known Kpi resonances and a uniform nonresonant term, we do not obtain an acceptable fit If we allow the mass and width of the K-0*(1430) to float, we obtain values consistent with those from PDG but the chi(2) per degree of freedom of the fit is still unsatisfactory. A good fit is found when we allow for the presence of an additional scalar resonance, with mass 797 +/- 19 +/- 43 MeV/c(2) and width 410 +/- 43 +/- 87 MeV/c(2). The mass and width of the K-0*(1430) become 1459 +/- 7 +/- 5 MeV/c(2) and 175 +/- 12 +/- 12 MeV/c(2), respectively. Our results provide new information on the scalar sector in hadron spectroscopy. C1 Univ Mississippi Oxford, University, MS 38677 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico. Univ Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay. Univ Fed Itajuba, Itajuba, Brazil. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aitala, EM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi Oxford, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; de Mello Neto, Joao/C-5822-2013; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/E-9700-2017 OI de Mello Neto, Joao/0000-0002-3234-6634; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220 NR 31 TC 203 Z9 205 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 12 AR 121801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.121801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596LT UT WOS:000178166900005 PM 12225077 ER PT J AU Albino, S Klasen, M Soldner-Rembold, S AF Albino, S Klasen, M Soldner-Rembold, S TI Strong coupling constant from the photon structure function SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F-2(GAMMA); SCALE PARAMETER-LAMBDA; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F2; PARTICLE PROPERTIES; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; Q(2) EVOLUTION; LEADING ORDER; QCD ANALYSIS; Q2; GEV2 AB We extract the value of the strong coupling constant as from a single-parameter pointlike fit to the photon structure function F-2(gamma) at large x and Q(2) and from a first five-parameter full (pointlike and hadronic) fit to the complete F-2(gamma) data set taken at PETRA, TRISTAN, and LER In next-to-leading order and the (MS) over bar renormalization and factorization schemes, we obtain alpha(s)(m(Z)) = 0.1183 +/- 0.0050(expt)(-0 0028)(+0 0029) (theor) (pointlike) and alpha(s)(m(Z)) = 0.1198 +/- 0.0028(expt)(-0 0046)(+0 0014)(theor) (pointlike and hadronic). We demonstrate that the data taken at LEP have reduced the experimental error by about a factor of 2, so that a competitive determination of alpha(s) from F-2(gamma) is now possible. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Albino, S (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 12 AR 122004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.122004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596LT UT WOS:000178166900010 PM 12225082 ER PT J AU Braaten, E Jia, Y Mehen, T AF Braaten, E Jia, Y Mehen, T TI Leading-particle effect from heavy-quark recombination SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEON-INTERACTIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; MESON PRODUCTION; INTRINSIC CHARM; QCD CORRECTIONS; FEYNMAN-X; ASYMMETRIES; GEV/C; DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL AB The leading particle effect in charm hadroproduction is an enhancement of the cross section for a charmed hadron D in the forward direction of the beam when the beam hadron has a valence parton in common with the D. The largeD(+) /D- asymmetry observed by the E791 experiment is an example of this phenomenon. We show that the heavy-quark recombination mechanism provides an economical explanation for this effect. In particular, the D+ /D- asymmetry can be fit reasonably well using a single parameter whose value is consistent with a recent determination from charm photoproduction. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Braaten, E (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 30 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 12 AR 122002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.122002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596LT UT WOS:000178166900008 PM 12225080 ER PT J AU He, JH Sheng, HW Lin, JS Schilling, PJ Tittsworth, RC Ma, E AF He, JH Sheng, HW Lin, JS Schilling, PJ Tittsworth, RC Ma, E TI Homogeneity of a supersaturated solid solution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-ABLATION DEPOSITION; SILVER-COPPER ALLOYS; AG-CU; 1ST-PRINCIPLES THEORY; CONTINUOUS SERIES; AMORPHOUS PHASES; THIN-FILMS; NI-AU; SYSTEM; CRYSTALLINE AB Extended x-ray absorption fine structures, small-angle x-ray scattering, and atomistic model calculations have been employed to probe the homogeneity of the fcc solution created in Ag-Cu, a classical system demonstrating the extension of solubility across the entire miscibility gap through rapid quenching. Our results reveal that in many cases the supersaturated solutions formed have decomposition features on the scale of 1 nm. Conventional diffraction methods are inadequate in determining the level of supersaturation or the uniformity of such solid solution alloys. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70145 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Ma, E (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ema@jhu.edu RI Ma, En/A-3232-2010; Sheng, Howard/B-2033-2013 NR 41 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 12 AR 125507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.125507 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596LT UT WOS:000178166900028 PM 12225100 ER PT J AU Ku, W Eguiluz, AG AF Ku, W Eguiluz, AG TI Band-gap problem in semiconductors revisited: Effects of core states and many-body self-consistency SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GW APPROXIMATION; ENERGY; POLARIZATION; ELECTRONS; SOLIDS; EXCHANGE; SILICON; METALS AB A novel picture of the quasiparticle (QP) gap in prototype semiconductors Si and Ge emerges from an analysis based on all-electron, self-consistent, GW calculations. The deep-core electrons are shown to play a key role via the exchange diagram-if this effect is neglected, Si becomes a semimetal. Contrary to current lore, the Ge 3d semicore states (e.g., their polarization) have no impact on the GW gap. Self-consistency improves the calculated gaps-a first clear-cut success story for the Baym-Kadanoff method in the study of real-materials spectroscopy; it also has a significant impact on the QP lifetimes. Our results embody a new paradigm for ab initio QP theory. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 28 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 12 AR 126401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.126401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596LT UT WOS:000178166900035 PM 12225107 ER PT J AU te Velthuis, SGE Jiang, JS Bader, SD Felcher, GP AF te Velthuis, SGE Jiang, JS Bader, SD Felcher, GP TI Spin flop transition in a finite antiferromagnetic superlattice: Evolution of the magnetic structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED-NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; FE/CR(211) AB An anti ferromagnetic (AF) superlattice of Fe/Cr(211) is used as a model system to study magnetic transitions in a finite-size geometry. With polarization neutron reflectometry the magnetic structure at the surface spin-flop transition and its evolution with field is determined. A domain wall created near the surface penetrates the superlattice with increasing field, splitting it into two antiphase, AF domains. After reaching the center the spin-flopped phase spreads throughout the superlattice. The experimental results are in substantial agreement with theoretical and numerical predictions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP te Velthuis, SGE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013 OI te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384 NR 22 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 12 AR 127203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.127203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596LT UT WOS:000178166900049 PM 12225121 ER PT J AU Ware, AS Hirshman, SP Spong, DA Berry, LA Deisher, AJ Fu, GY Lyon, JF Sanchez, R AF Ware, AS Hirshman, SP Spong, DA Berry, LA Deisher, AJ Fu, GY Lyon, JF Sanchez, R TI High-beta equilibria of drift-optimized compact stellarators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOROIDAL PLASMAS; PHYSICS ISSUES; CONFINEMENT; STABILITY AB Compact stellarator configurations have been obtained with good neoclassical confinement that are stable to both pressure- and current-driven modes for high values of G. These configurations are drift-optimized tokamak-stellarator hybrids with a high-shear tokamak-like rotational transform profile and \B\ that is approximately poloidally symmetric. The bootstrap current is consistent with the required equilibrium current and, while larger than that in existing stellarators, is typically only a small fraction (1/3 - 1/5) of that in an equivalent tokamak. These configurations have strong magnetic wells and consequently high interchange stability 8 limits up to beta = 23%. Because of the reduced bootstrap current, these configurations are stable to low-n ideal MHD kink modes with no wall stabilization for values of 8 ( similar to 7%-11%) significantly larger than in an equivalent advanced tokamak. C1 Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain. RP Ware, AS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008; Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 12 AR 125003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.125003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596LT UT WOS:000178166900018 PM 12225090 ER PT J AU Zein, NE Antropov, VP AF Zein, NE Antropov, VP TI Self-consistent Green function approach for calculation of electronic structure in transition metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; ENERGY; GAS; SEMICONDUCTORS; APPROXIMATION; SYSTEMS; NICKEL; NI AB We present an approach for self-consistent calculations of the many-body Green function in transition metals. The distinguishing feature of our approach is the use of one-site approximation and the self-consistent quasiparticle wave function basis set obtained from the solution of the Schrodinger equation with a nonlocal potential. We analyze several sets of skeleton diagrams as generating functionals for the Green function self-energy, including GW and fluctuating exchange sets. Calculations for Fe and Ni revealed stronger energy dependence of the effective interaction and self-energy of the d electrons near the Fermi level compared to s and p electron states. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zein, NE (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 12 AR 126402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.126402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 596LT UT WOS:000178166900036 PM 12225108 ER PT J AU Punshon, T Adriano, DC Weber, JT AF Punshon, T Adriano, DC Weber, JT TI Restoration of drastically eroded land using coal fly ash and poultry biosolid SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE coal combustion by-products; fly ash; poultry biosolids; disposal; restoration ID AMENDED SOIL; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ELEMENTAL CONTENT; LITTER; VEGETABLES; GROWTH; BORON; ECOSYSTEMS; RESIDUES; COPPER AB A 3-year field study was conducted at a 12 ha soil-borrow area adjacent to the Columbia Metropolitan Airport, South Carolina to investigate the restorative effects of co-application of coal fly ash (FA) and a poultry biosolid (PB). FA was applied at 0, 22, 280, 560 and 1120 Mg (tonne) ha(-1), and PB at 5 and 10 Mg ha(-1). The area was seeded with erosion-control species Atlantic Coastal panic grass (Panicurn amarum var amarum L.), sericea (Lespedeza cuneata var. appalow [Dumont] G. Don.) and weeping love grass (Eragrostis curvula Wolf.). Plant biomass and elemental composition were analyzed in sequential harvests. Soil and groundwater quality characteristics including pH, EC and elemental composition were also monitored throughout the study. In addition, the effect of amendments on the water holding capacity and bulk density of the soil was investigated. Amendment addition significantly increased plant biomass production by a maximum of 26% using 1120 Mg ha(-1) FA and 10 Mg ha(-1) PB. Application of the highest rate of FA significantly increased the plant tissue concentrations of Mn, As, Se and B. Soil pH was initially increased from 4.6 to 6.1 by amendments. Soil salinity was increased in the initial year only. Amended soils had higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, P and K, higher organic matter content and water holding capacity than unamended soil. Concentrations of plant-essential trace elements (B, Cu and Zn) that were marginally deficient in the unamended eroded soil increased to within typical soil concentrations following amendment with FA and PB. Groundwater quality was unaffected throughout the study. The co-application of FA and PB successfully promoted the revegetation of the eroded borrow area with no apparent adverse environmental side effects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Adriano, DC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 1-3 BP 209 EP 225 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00128-6 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00128-6 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609TZ UT WOS:000178921800016 PM 12398338 ER PT J AU Webb, WB Grest, GS AF Webb, WB Grest, GS TI Molecular dynamics simulations of reactive wetting SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE reactive wetting; simulation; spreading; metals ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; SURFACE; CU; SUBSTRATE; METALS; SYSTEM; SCALE; AG AB Liquid Ag drops spreading on a Cu(1 0 0) surface are studied with molecular dynamics simulations. Results for reactive wetting by which a Cu/Ag alloy is formed are compared to a frozen substrate for which there is no alloying. The radius of the Ag wetting layer increases initially as t(1/2) for both cases but drops spread faster in reactive systems. A crossover to slower wetting kinetics is observed at later t. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, WB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 6 BP 393 EP 398 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00155-0 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00155-0 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 591QC UT WOS:000177890900007 ER PT J AU Harms, U Shen, TD Schwarz, RB AF Harms, U Shen, TD Schwarz, RB TI Thermal conductivity of Pd40Ni40-x,CUxP20 metallic glasses SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; AMORPHOUS METALS; ALLOYS; RESISTIVITY; LIQUID AB The thermal diffusivity and electrical conductivity of Pd40Ni40-xCuxP20 bulk amorphous alloys with x = 0, 20, and 30 has been measured from 300 to 400 K. Using the electrical conductivity data and the Wiedemann-Franz law, the thermal conductivity is separated into electron and phonon contributions. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schwarz, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8,Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD SEP 16 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 6 BP 411 EP 414 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00160-4 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00160-4 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 591QC UT WOS:000177890900010 ER PT J AU Beller, HR Kane, SR Legler, TC Alvarez, PJJ AF Beller, HR Kane, SR Legler, TC Alvarez, PJJ TI A real-time polymerase chain reaction method for monitoring anaerobic, hydrotarbon-degrading bacteria based on a catabolic gene SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP STRAIN-T; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; BENZYLSUCCINATE SYNTHASE; IN-SITU; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; TOLUENE ACTIVATION; THAUERA-AROMATICA; INITIAL REACTIONS; QUANTITATIVE PCR AB We have developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction,(PCR) method that can quantify hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in sediment samples based on a catabolic gene associated with the first step of anaerobic toluene and xylene degradation. The target gene, bssA, codes for the alpha-subunit of benzylsuccinate synthase. The primer-probe set for real-time PCR was based on consensus regions of bssA from four denitrifying bacterial strains; bssA sequences for two of these strains were determined during this study. The method proved to be sensitive (detection limit ca. 5 gene copies) and had a linear range of >7 orders of magnitude. We used the method to investigate how, gasohol releases from leaking underground storage tanks could affect indigenous toluene-degrading bacteria. Microcosms inoculated with aquifer sediments from four different sites were incubated anaerobically with BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and nitrate in the presence and absence of ethanol. Overall, population trends were consistent with observed toluene degradation activity: the microcosms with the most rapid toluene degradation also had the largest. numbers of bssA copies. In the microcosms with the most rapid toluene degradation, numbers,of bssA copies increased 100- to 1000-fold over the, first 4 days of incubation, during which time most of the toluene. had been consumed. These results were supported by slot blot analyses with unamplified DNA and by cloning and sequencing of putative bssA amplicons, which confirmed the real-time PCR method's specificity for bssA. Use of a companion real-time PCR method for estimating total eubacterial populations (based on 16S rDNA) indicated that, in some cases ethanol disproportionately supported the growth of bacteria that did not contain bssA. The real-time, PCR method for bssA could be a. powerful tool for monitored natural, attenuation of BTEX in fuel-contaminated groundwater. To our knowledge, this is the first reported molecular method that targets anaerobic, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria based on a catabolic gene. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Beller, HR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-542, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014 NR 47 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 18 BP 3977 EP 3984 AR UNSP ES025556W DI 10.1021/es025556w PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 593WC UT WOS:000178016600013 PM 12269751 ER PT J AU Chan, DW Chen, BPC Prithivirajsingh, S Kurimasa, A Story, MD Qin, J Chen, DJ AF Chan, DW Chen, BPC Prithivirajsingh, S Kurimasa, A Story, MD Qin, J Chen, DJ TI Autophosphorylation of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit is required for rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE nonhomologous end-joining; DNA damage response; autophosphorylation; DNA-PK; DNA-PKcs; Ku; radiation sensitivity; ionizing radiation ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; KU-AUTOANTIGEN; HISTONE H2AX; DAMAGE; P53; PHOSPHORYLATION; ATM; ACTIVATION; WORTMANNIN; RADIATION AB Nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is the predominant pathway that repairs DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), consisting of Ku and DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), is activated by DNA in vitro and is required for NHEJ. We report that DNA-PKcs is auto-phosphorylated at Thr2609 in vivo in a Ku-dependent manner in response to ionizing radiation. Phosphorylated DNA-PKcs colocalizes with both gamma-H2AX and 53BP1 after DNA damage. Mutation of Thr2609 to Ala leads to radiation sensitivity and impaired DSB rejoining. These findings establish that Ku-dependent phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at Thr2609 is required for the repair of DSBs by NHEJ. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Expt Radiotherapy, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Chen, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA092584, CA50519, CA92584, R01 CA050519, R37 CA050519]; NIA NIH HHS [AG917709] NR 33 TC 311 Z9 318 U1 0 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 BP 2333 EP 2338 DI 10.1101/gad.1015202 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 595VQ UT WOS:000178129600004 PM 12231622 ER PT J AU Baker, DN Ergun, RE Burch, JL Jahn, JM Daly, PW Friedel, R Reeves, GD Fritz, TA Mitchell, DG AF Baker, DN Ergun, RE Burch, JL Jahn, JM Daly, PW Friedel, R Reeves, GD Fritz, TA Mitchell, DG TI A telescopic and microscopic view of a magnetospheric substorm on 31 March 2001 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MISSION; CLUSTER AB [1] On March 31, 2001 at similar to0635 UT when the CLUSTER constellation was near local midnight and at similar to4R(E) geocentric distance, sensors observed an energetic electron injection event associated with a strong (AE similar to 1200 nT) magnetospheric substorm. Geostationary spacecraft 1991-080 located at similar to20 LT also saw an abrupt electron injection event at similar to0630 UT and FAST spacecraft instruments (similar to19 LT) detected a powerful set of magnetic field, electric field, and energetic plasma signatures at similar to0637 UT. The energetic neutral atom imaging experiments onboard the IMAGE spacecraft detected an injection of substorm-produced ions in the pre-midnight sector commencing at similar to0630 UT. Electron injection signatures at the four separate CLUSTER locations allow us to infer the location, speed, and direction of the substorm injection boundary. Hence, the CLUSTER (and IMAGE) telescope-microscope combination is a long-sought realization of a major magnetospheric research objective and shows the power of localized multi-point measurements from CLUSTER. C1 Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Max Planck Inst, Katlenberg, Lindau, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, LASP, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 18 AR 1862 DI 10.1029/2001GL014491 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 635KL UT WOS:000180398000009 ER PT J AU Vogelgesang, R Grimsditch, M Wallace, JS AF Vogelgesang, R Grimsditch, M Wallace, JS TI Polarized ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy of beta-Si3N4 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE VIBRATION MODES; SILICON-NITRIDE; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; IR ABSORPTION; ASSIGNMENT; SCATTERING; CERAMICS; PRESSURE; SI3N4 AB We have studied single crystals of beta-Si3N4 with polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy in order to unambiguously obtain the symmetry character of zone center optical phonon modes. By applying ultraviolet excitation radiation, approaching resonance condition, we have overcome the usual difficulties with overwhelming fluorescence obscuring Raman spectra of beta-Si3N4 in the visible. Superior extinction ratios have been achieved and the application of group theory allows us to assign ten out of eleven Raman-active modes in excellent correlation with recent theoretical results. The probable nature of the eleventh mode is discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogelgesang, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM r.vogelgesang@fkf.mpg.de RI Vogelgesang, Ralf/B-4460-2009 OI Vogelgesang, Ralf/0000-0002-1026-3205 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 3103 EP 3106 DI 10.1063/1.1503164 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588CK UT WOS:000177683000025 ER PT J AU Millett, JCF Bourne, NK Gray, GT AF Millett, JCF Bourne, NK Gray, GT TI Behavior of the shape memory alloy NiTi during one-dimensional shock loading SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION; COMPRESSION; POWDER; TI AB The response of alloys based on the intermetallic compound NiTi to high-strain-rate and shock loading conditions has recently attracted attention. In particular, similarities between it, and other shape memory materials such as the alloy U-6%Nb in the propagation of the plastic wave in Taylor cylinders are of significant interest. In this article, the Hugoniot is measured using multiple manganin stress gauges, either embedded between plates of the NiTi alloy, or supported with blocks of polymethylmethacrylate. In this way, the shock stress, shock velocity, and details of the shock wave profile have been gathered. An inflection at lower stresses has been found in the Hugoniot curve (stress-particle velocity), and has been ascribed to the martensitic phase transformation that is characteristic of the shape memory effect in this alloy. In a similar way, the variation of shock velocity with particle velocity has been found to be nonlinear, contrary to other pure metal and alloy systems. Finally, a break in slope in the rising part of the shock profile has been identified as the Hugoniot elastic limit in NiTi. Conversion to the one-dimensional stress equivalent, and comparison to quasistatic data indicates that NiTi exhibits significant strain-rate sensitivity. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cranfield Univ, Royal Mil Coll Sci, Swindon SN6 8LA, Wilts, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Millett, JCF (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Royal Mil Coll Sci, Swindon SN6 8LA, Wilts, England. EM j.millett@rmcs.cranfield.ac.uk RI Bourne, Neil/A-7544-2008 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 3107 EP 3110 DI 10.1063/1.1498877 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588CK UT WOS:000177683000026 ER PT J AU Amman, M Lee, JS Luke, PN AF Amman, M Lee, JS Luke, PN TI Electron trapping nonuniformity in high-pressure-Bridgman-grown CdZnTe SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; COPLANAR-GRID DETECTORS; GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS; RADIATION DETECTOR; SEMICONDUCTOR; PERFORMANCE; UNIFORMITY; TRANSPORT; DESIGN AB Gamma-ray spectroscopy is a valuable tool of science and technology. Many applications for this tool are in need of a detector technology capable of achieving excellent energy resolution and efficient detection while operating at room temperature. Detectors based on the material cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) could potentially meet this need if certain material deficiencies are addressed. The coplanar-grid as well as other electron-only detection techniques are effective in overcoming some of the material problems of CdZnTe and, consequently, have led to efficient gamma-ray detectors with good energy resolution while operating at room temperature. At the present time, the performance of these detectors is limited mainly by the degree of uniformity in electron generation and transport. Despite recent progress in the growth of CdZnTe material, small variations in these properties remain a barrier to the widespread success of such detectors. Alpha-particle response characterization of CdZnTe crystals fabricated into simple planar detectors provides an effective tool to accurately study such variations. We have used a finely collimated alpha source to produce two-dimensional maps of detector response. For a number of crystals, a clear correlation has been observed between their alpha response maps and the distribution of tellurium inclusions inside the crystals. An analysis of the induced charge signals indicates that regions of enhanced electron trapping are associated with the inclusions, and that these regions extend beyond the physical size of the inclusions. Such regions introduce nonuniform electron trapping in the material that then degrades the spectroscopic performance of the material as a gamma-ray detector. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amman, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 3198 EP 3206 DI 10.1063/1.1502922 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588CK UT WOS:000177683000039 ER PT J AU Persson, C Sernelius, BE da Silva, AF Araujo, CM Ahuja, R Johansson, B AF Persson, C Sernelius, BE da Silva, AF Araujo, CM Ahuja, R Johansson, B TI Optical and reduced band gap in n- and p-type GaN and AlN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVILY DOPED SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRON EFFECTIVE-MASS; HEXAGONAL GAN; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; GALLIUM NITRIDE; WURTZITE GAN; III-NITRIDES; 001 SILICON AB We present a full band calculation of the doping-induced energy shifts of the conduction-band minimum and the valence-band maximum for n- and p-type GaN and AlN. Both wurtzite and zinc-blende structures have been considered. The resulting optical and reduced band-gap energies are presented as functions of the ionized impurity concentration in the heavily doped regime. The computational method is based on a zero-temperature Green's function formalism within the random phase approximation and with the local-field correction of Hubbard. The calculation goes beyond the spherical approximation of the energy bands by using energy dispersions and overlap integrals from a first-principle, full-potential band-structure calculation. Inclusion of the spin-orbit interaction is crucial for describing the uppermost valence bands properly, and we show that the nonparabolicity of the valence bands influences the energy shifts strongly, especially the shift of the optical band gap. With the full band structure, we can explain the results of photoluminescence measurements by Yoshikawa [J. Appl. Phys. 86, 4400 (1999)]. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Fis, BR-40210340 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM clas.persson@fysik.uu.se RI Araujo, Moyses/L-6135-2013; Sernelius, Bo/I-4566-2012 OI Araujo, Moyses/0000-0001-5192-0016; Sernelius, Bo/0000-0002-6281-868X NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 3207 EP 3216 DI 10.1063/1.1504499 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588CK UT WOS:000177683000040 ER PT J AU Cai, M Qiao, D Yu, LS Lau, SS Li, CP Hung, LS Haynes, TE Henttinen, K Suni, I Poon, VMC Marek, T Mayer, JW AF Cai, M Qiao, D Yu, LS Lau, SS Li, CP Hung, LS Haynes, TE Henttinen, K Suni, I Poon, VMC Marek, T Mayer, JW TI Single crystal Si layers on glass formed by ion cutting SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL DONOR FORMATION; N-TYPE SILICON; CZOCHRALSKI SILICON; HYDROGEN AB The process of ion cutting was used to integrate single crystalline Si layers on glass for potential active matrix flat panel display and other applications. It was found that p-Si wafers implanted at 100-150 degreesC with H with a dose in the order of a few times 10(16) cm(-2) could be readily bonded to glass substrates when both of the surfaces were properly treated and activated. The as-implanted Si wafer surface was converted from p type to n type. Upon bonding at room temperature, annealing (300 degreesC) and exfoliation (450 degreesC), the transferred Si layer on glass and the as-exfoliated surface of the implanted Si wafer remained n type. A highly defective region was observed near the top of the Si layer on glass, however the crystalline quality was nearly defect free in the deeper region of the layer. Annealing at sequentially higher temperatures led to the recovery of p type conductivity at similar to600-650 degreesC. The type conversion and the subsequent annealing behavior observed on the samples were rationalized in terms of ion enhanced oxygen diffusion and the presence of H-related shallow donors in the Si. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. VTT Ctr Microelect, Espoo 02044, Finland. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, EEE Dept, Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Cai, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 6 BP 3388 EP 3392 DI 10.1063/1.1492017 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 588CK UT WOS:000177683000067 ER PT J AU Dinh, LN Hayes, SE Wynne, AE Wall, MA Saw, CK Stuart, BC Balooch, M Paravastu, AK Reimer, JA AF Dinh, LN Hayes, SE Wynne, AE Wall, MA Saw, CK Stuart, BC Balooch, M Paravastu, AK Reimer, JA TI Properties of GaAs nanoclusters deposited by a femtosecond laser SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CU-VAPOR LASER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOSTRUCTURES; ABLATION; CLUSTERS; FILMS; GROWTH; OXIDE; WIRES AB The properties of femtosecond pulsed laser deposited GaAs nanoclusters were investigated. Nanoclusters of GaAs were produced by laser ablating a single crystal GaAs target in vacuum or Ar gas. Atomic force and transmission electron microscopies showed that most of the clusters were spherical and ranged in diameter from 1 nm to 50 nm, with a peak size distribution between 5 nm and 9 nm, depending on the Ar gas pressure or laser fluence. X-ray diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, Auger electron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that these nanoclusters were randomly oriented GaAs crystallites. An oxide outer shell of similar to2 nm developed subsequently on the surfaces of the nanocrystals as a result of transportation in air. Unpassivated GaAs nanoclusters exhibited no detectable photoluminescence. After surface passivation, these nanoclusters displayed photoluminescence energies less than that of bulk GaAs from which they were made. Our photoluminescence experiments suggest an abundance of sub-band gap surface states in these GaAs nanocrystals. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dinh, LN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Hayes, Sophia/C-1075-2008; Stuart, Brent/K-4988-2015 OI Hayes, Sophia/0000-0002-2809-6193; NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 18 BP 3953 EP 3958 DI 10.1023/A:1019680111363 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 581TJ UT WOS:000177309000018 ER PT J AU Rohrer, B Fasoli, S Krebs, HI Hughes, R Volpe, B Frontera, WR Stein, J Hogan, N AF Rohrer, B Fasoli, S Krebs, HI Hughes, R Volpe, B Frontera, WR Stein, J Hogan, N TI Movement smoothness changes during stroke recovery SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stroke recovery; submovements; smoothness; segmentation; robotic therapy; minimum-jerk; blending ID REACHING MOVEMENTS; ARM MOVEMENTS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; POWER-LAW; HEMIPARESIS; COORDINATION; QUANTIZATION; IMPROVEMENT; PRIMITIVES; DYNAMICS AB Smoothness is characteristic of coordinated human movements, and stroke patients' movements seem to grow more smooth with recovery. We used a robotic therapy device to analyze five different measures of movement smoothness in the hemiparetic arm of 31 patients recovering from stroke. Four of the five metrics showed general increases in smoothness for the entire patient population. However, according to the fifth metric, the movements of patients with recent stroke grew less smooth over the course of therapy. This pattern was reproduced in a computer simulation of recovery based on submovement blending, suggesting that progressive blending of submovements underlies stroke recovery. C1 MIT, Dept Engn Mech, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Neurol & Neurosci, Burke Med Res Inst, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. RP Rohrer, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1010, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD36827, R01-HD37397] NR 43 TC 316 Z9 322 U1 4 U2 33 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 22 IS 18 BP 8297 EP 8304 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 592BC UT WOS:000177916000051 PM 12223584 ER PT J AU Lemons, DS Albright, J AF Lemons, DS Albright, J TI Quiet Monte Carlo radiation transport SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiation transport; Monte Carlo methods; diffusion; Marshak waves ID DIFFUSION AB We model radiation transport by advancing computational photons through phase space with solutions to a set of stochastic differential equations of motion. Random numbers that appear in the equations of motion are sampled with deterministically chosen Gaussian quadrature weights and abscissas. In this way, the advantages of particle Monte Carlo are realized without generating statistical noise. We demonstrate this technique by performing one- and two-dimensional test problems in which gray radiation is energetically coupled to stationary material. Scattering is accomplished with a Fokker-Planck scattering operator. Free streaming, diffusion and Marshak waves are recovered in appropriate limits. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Albright, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Plasma Phys Grp, MS-B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 6 BP 719 EP 729 AR PII S0022-4073(01)00281-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(01)00281-3 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 569TL UT WOS:000176618300004 ER PT J AU Davis, AB Marshak, A AF Davis, AB Marshak, A TI Space-time characteristics of light transmitted through dense clouds: A Green's function analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR LINE ABSORPTION; AVERAGED SOLAR FLUXES; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL DEPTH; A-BAND; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; SEARCHLIGHT PROBLEM; FUNCTION DERIVATION AB Here, previous work using photon diffusion theory to describe radiative transfer through dense plane-parallel clouds at nonabsorbing wavelengths is extended. The focus is on the scaling of space- and time-domain moments for transmitted light with respect to cloud thickness H and optical depth tau; and the new results are as follows: accurate prefactors for asymptotic scaling, preasymptotic correction terms in closed form, 3D effects for internal variability in tau, and the rms transit time or pathlength. Mean pathlength is proportional toH for dimensional reasons and, from random-walk theory, we already know that it is also proportional to(1-g)tau for large enough tau (g being the asymmetry factor). Here, it is shown that the prefactor is precisely 1/2 and that corrections are significant for (1-g)tau < 10, which includes most actual boundary layer clouds. It is also shown that rms pathlength is not much larger than the mean for transmittance (its prefactor is &RADIC;7/20 &AP; 0.59); this proves that, in sharp contrast with reflection, pathlength distributions are quite narrow in transmission. If the light originates from a steady point source on a cloud boundary, a fuzzy spot is observed on the opposite boundary. This problem is formally mapped to the pulsed source problem, and it is shown that the rms radius of this spot slowly approaches &RADIC;2/3 H as τ increases; it is also shown that the transmitted spot shape has a flat top and an exponential tail. Because all preasymptotic corrections are computed here, the diffusion results are accurate when compared to Monte Carlo counterparts for τ&GE;5, whereas the classic scaling relations apply only for τ&GE;70, assuming g=0.85. The temporal quantities shed light on observed absorption properties and optical lightning waveforms. The spatial quantity controls the three-dimensional radiative smoothing process in transmission, which was recently observed in spectral analyses of time series of zenith radiance at 725 nm. Opportunities in ground-based cloud remote sensing using the new developments are described and illustrated with simulations of 3D solar radiative transfer in realistic models of stratocumulus. Finally, since this analytical diffusion study applies only to weakly variable stratus layers, extensions to more complex cloud systems using anomalous diffusion theory are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Davis, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS 2, POB 1663,MS C-323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012 NR 68 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 59 IS 18 BP 2713 EP 2727 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2713:STCOLT>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 591VM UT WOS:000177901000006 ER PT J AU Siegel, C Braud, M Balmer, JE Nilsen, J AF Siegel, C Braud, M Balmer, JE Nilsen, J TI Near-field spatial imaging of the Ni-like palladium soft-X-ray laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nickel-like X-ray lasers; near-field spatial imaging ID NEON-LIKE; PREPULSE TECHNIQUE; SATURATION; NM; PULSE AB We report on a series of near-field imaging experiments for the nickel-like 14.7-nm Pd X-ray laser that were conducted with the aim to characterize the two-dimensional source intensity distribution and its position relative to the target surface. The effect of different prepulse amplitudes at variable main pulse-to-prepulse delays is investigated. For larger prepulses (2.8% and 8%) the peak emission is moved farther away from target surface with increasing delay whereas for the weak prepulse (0.5%) the position of peak emission remains rather stable over a delay range of several nanoseconds. A great deal of structure was observed in the near-field image. The size of the smallest structures detected is consistent with the coherence length-obtained from the corresponding far-field data - at the output aperture. The measurements are compared to the simulations performed with the LASNEX and CRETIN codes. The LASNEX code is used to calculate the hydrodynamic evolution of the plasma and provide the temperatures and densities to the CRETIN code, which then does the kinetics calculations to determine the gain. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Siegel, C (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Appl Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 210 IS 3-6 BP 305 EP 312 AR PII S0030-4018(02)01762-5 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01762-5 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 595DD UT WOS:000178090800020 ER PT J AU Kliner, DAV Di Teodoro, F Koplow, JP Moore, SW Smith, AV AF Kliner, DAV Di Teodoro, F Koplow, JP Moore, SW Smith, AV TI Efficient second, third, fourth, and fifth harmonic generation of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet generation; optical fiber amplifiers; frequency conversion; ytterbium ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; POLARIZATION INSTABILITIES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; PULSES; LASER; GAIN; MODE; KTP AB We report generation of the second, third, fourth, and fifth harmonics of the output of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier seeded by a passively Q-switchcd Nd:YAG microchip laser. We obtained high conversion efficiencies using a simple optical arrangement and critically phase-matched nonlinear crystals. Starting with 320 mW of average power at 1064 nm (86 muJ per pulse at a 3.7 kHz repetition rate), we generated 160 mW at 532 nm, 38 mW at 355 nm, 69 mW at 266 nm, and 18 mW at 213 nm. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with calculations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kliner, DAV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 210 IS 3-6 BP 393 EP 398 AR PII S0030-4018(02)01825-4 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01825-4 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 595DD UT WOS:000178090800030 ER PT J AU Cropper, M Ramsay, G Hellier, C Mukai, K Mauche, C Pandel, D AF Cropper, M Ramsay, G Hellier, C Mukai, K Mauche, C Pandel, D TI X-ray observations of accreting white-dwarf systems SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Royal-Society Discussion Meeting on X-Ray Astronomy in the New Millennium CY FEB, 2002 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Royal Soc DE XMM-Newton; Chandra; binaries; cataclysmic variables; X-rays; stars ID MAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; RX J0806.3+1527; PERIOD BINARY; OY-CAR; DP-LEO; WW-HOR; EMISSION; FLOWS AB Accretion in white-dwarf binary systems can occur through discs, accretion columns or a combination of these, depending on the magnetic field of the white dwarf. Recent high-quality X-ray observations with the XMM-Newton and Chandra observatories have significantly advanced our understanding of the physics of the accretion process, and place severe tests on our existing models. There have been some surprises, such as the strong dependence of atmospheric heating on accretion rate. However, we believe that we are now confident that we understand in general the physical processes in the accretion region, although some complicating factors, such as absorption, remain. We also discuss new developments in ultra-short-period white-dwarf binary systems. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Keele, Dept Phys & Astron, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Astrophys Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Cropper, M (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RI Cropper, Mark/C-1574-2008; OI Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 1798 BP 1951 EP 1966 DI 10.1098/rsta.2002.1046 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 593QL UT WOS:000178003600005 PM 12804239 ER PT J AU Ma, B Li, M Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Dorris, SE Maroni, VA Miller, DJ Balachandran, U AF Ma, B Li, M Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Dorris, SE Maroni, VA Miller, DJ Balachandran, U TI Direct deposition of YBCO on polished Ag substrates by pulsed laser deposition SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBCO-coated conductor; thin film; inclined-substrate deposition; pulsed laser deposition ID SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; BUFFER LAYERS; FILMS AB YBCO thin films were directly deposited on mechanically polished nontextured silver (Ag) substrates at elevated temperature by pulsed laser deposition with various inclination angles of 35degrees, 55degrees, and 72degrees. Strong fiber texture, with the c-axis parallel to the substrate normal was detected by X-ray diffraction pole figure analysis. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images revealed that a few a-axis-oriented grains were dispersed on the top surface of the YBCO films. Transmission electron microscopy revealed dense amorphous layer at the interface between the YBCO film and the Ag substrate. Energy dispersive spectrum analysis indicates that the YBCO film deposited on the Ag substrate is slightly Cu-deficient. A YBCO film deposited at 755 degreesC and an inclination angle of 55degrees exhibited T-c = 90 K. Transport critical current density measured by the four-probe method at 77 K in self-field was approximate to2.7 x 10(5) A/cm(2). This work demonstrated a simple and inexpensive method to fabricate YBCO-coated conductors with high critical current density. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 377 IS 4 BP 501 EP 506 AR PII S0921-4534(01)01310-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 616RU UT WOS:000179317400015 ER PT J AU Holm, DD AF Holm, DD TI Averaged Lagrangians and the mean effects of fluctuations in ideal fluid dynamics SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE averaged Lagrangians; ideal fluid dynamics; Taylor hypothesis; turbulence closures ID CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATIONS; STOKES-ALPHA MODEL; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID; WAVE-ACTION; MOTION; WATER; FLOW; DIFFEOMORPHISMS; TURBULENCE; GEOMETRY AB We begin by placing the generalized Lagrangian mean (GLM) equations for a compressible adiabatic fluid into the Euler-Poincare (EP) variational framework of fluid dynamics, for an averaged Lagrangian. We then state the EP Averaging Result-that GLM equations arise from GLM Hamilton's principles in the EP framework. Next, we derive a new set of approximate small-amplitude GLM equations (glm equations) at second order in the fluctuating displacement of a Lagrangian trajectory from its mean position. These equations express the linear and nonlinear back-reaction effects on the Eulerian mean fluid quantities by the fluctuating displacements of the Lagrangian trajectories in terms of their Eulerian second moments. The derivation of the glm equations uses the linearized relations between Eulerian and Lagrangian fluctuations, in the tradition of Lagrangian stability analysis for fluids. The glm derivation also uses the method of averaged Lagrangians, in the tradition of wave, mean flow interaction (WMFI). The glm EP motion equations for compressible and incompressible ideal fluids are compared with the Euler-alpha turbulence closure equations. An alpha model is a GLM (or glm) fluid theory with a Taylor hypothesis closure (THC). Such closures are based on the linearized fluctuation relations that determine the dynamics of the Lagrangian statistical quantities in the Euler-alpha closure equations. We use the EP Averaging Result to bridge between the GLM equations and the Euler-alpha closure equations. Hence, combining the small-amplitude approximation with THC yields in new (glm) over bar turbulence closure equations for compressible fluids in the EP variational framework. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dholm@lanl.gov OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 39 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 EI 1872-8022 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 170 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 286 AR PII S0167-2789(02)00552-3 DI 10.1016/S0167-2789(02)00552-3 PG 34 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 593XJ UT WOS:000178019500003 ER PT J AU Albrecht, JD Smith, DL AF Albrecht, JD Smith, DL TI Electron spin injection at a Schottky contact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPINTRONICS AB We investigate theoretically electrical spin injection at a Schottky contact between a spin-polarized electrode and a nonmagnetic semiconductor. Current and electron density spin polarizations are discussed as functions of barrier energy and semiconductor doping density. The effect of a spin-dependent interface resistance that results from a tunneling region at the contact/semiconductor interface is described. The model can serve as a guide for designing spin-injection experiments with regard to the interface properties and device structure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 113303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.113303 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RG UT WOS:000178461000011 ER PT J AU Anders, S Kim, CS Klein, B Keller, MW Mirin, RP Norman, AG AF Anders, S Kim, CS Klein, B Keller, MW Mirin, RP Norman, AG TI Bimodal size distribution of self-assembled InxGa1-xAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SHAPE TRANSITION; CARRIER TRANSFER; ISLAND GROWTH; ENERGY-LEVELS; EVOLUTION; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LAYER AB We investigate quantization of energy levels in self-assembled InxGa1-xAs quantum dots that are embedded in a GaAs matrix. We use capacitance and photoluminescence spectroscopies to analyze the evolution of the energy levels with varying amounts of deposited InxGa1-xAs. These techniques suggest that the size distribution of the quantum dots contains two well-separated peaks. Transmission electron microscopy confirms a bimodal size distribution and further shows that the big and the small quantum dots have different shapes. In addition, we use an effective-mass based method to calculate the lowest energy states of quantum dots with the physical dimensions obtained by transmission electron and atomic force microscopies. Our results allow us to construct the energy-level diagrams of the two kinds of quantum dots. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Anders, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X NR 37 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 12 AR 125309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.125309 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RH UT WOS:000178461100039 ER PT J AU Gebauer, J Krause-Rehberg, R Prokesch, M Irmscher, K AF Gebauer, J Krause-Rehberg, R Prokesch, M Irmscher, K TI Identification and quantitative evaluation of compensating Zn-vacancy-donor complexes in ZnSe by positron annihilation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VI COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; NATIVE DEFECTS; ZINC VACANCY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CORE ELECTRONS; POINT-DEFECT; DOPED ZNSE; GAAS; SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN AB We investigate defects in n-type ZnSe bulk crystals by positron annihilation. With positron lifetime spectroscopy, vacancies with a positron lifetime of (280+/-1) and (275+/-10) ps were found in ZnS:I and ZnSe:Al, respectively. The positron bulk lifetime was 241 ps at 300 K, determined in an undoped semi-insulating reference. The vacancies were identified to be Zn-vacancy-donor complexes by combining the positron lifetime measurements with that of the positron-electron annihilation momentum distribution. This finding is supported by previous electron-paramagnetic-resonance measurements. The samples exhibited different degrees of electrical compensation, adjustable by thermal treatment under defined Zn vapor pressure. The vacancy concentration measured by positron annihilation could explain the deactivation of donors quantitatively. Thus, compensation of n-type conductivity in ZnSe is due to self-compensation through native Zn-vacancy-donor complexes. C1 Univ Halle Wittenberg, Fachbereich Phys, D-06099 Halle Saale, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Inst Kristallzuchtung, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Gebauer, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Irmscher, Klaus/I-1490-2013 NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 115206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.115206 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RG UT WOS:000178461000044 ER PT J AU Harrison, N AF Harrison, N TI Nonequilibrium persistent currents in charge-density-wave systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; STRUCTURAL GENEALOGY; ORGANIC CONDUCTORS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; ALPHA-(BEDT-TTF)(2)KHG(SCN)(4); MOLECULES; OSCILLATIONS; METALS; STATE; FORM AB The inductive exchange of carriers between closed Fermi surface sections subject to Landau quantization and open Fermi surface sections subject to charge-density-wave (or spin-density-wave) formation is shown to give rise to nonequilibrium variations in orbital magnetism and therefore persistent currents. This mechanism may explain recent experimental persistent currentlike phenomena in certain organic conductors in high magnetic fields. C1 LANL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harrison, N (reprint author), LANL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 12 AR 121101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.121101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RH UT WOS:000178461100001 ER PT J AU Kang, JS Kim, JH Sekiyama, A Kasai, S Suga, S Han, SW Kim, KH Muro, T Saitoh, Y Hwang, C Olson, CG Park, BJ Lee, BW Shim, JH Park, JH Min, BI AF Kang, JS Kim, JH Sekiyama, A Kasai, S Suga, S Han, SW Kim, KH Muro, T Saitoh, Y Hwang, C Olson, CG Park, BJ Lee, BW Shim, JH Park, JH Min, BI TI Bulk-sensitive photoemission spectroscopy of A(2)FeMoO(6) double perovskites (A = Sr, Ba) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SR2FEMOO6; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; FE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; OXIDES; MO AB The electronic structures of Sr2FeMoO6 (SFMO) and Ba2FeMoO6 (BFMO) double perovskites have been investigated using Fe 2p-->3d resonant photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and the Cooper minimum in the Mo 4d photoionization cross section. The states close to the Fermi level are found to have a strongly mixed Mo-Fe t(2g) character, indicating that the Fe valence is far from pure 3+. The Fe 2p(3/2) x-ray absorption spectroscopy spectra reveal the mixed-valent Fe3+-Fe2+ configurations, and a larger Fe2+ component for BFMO than for SFMO, suggesting an operative double exchange interaction. The valence-band PES spectra reveal good agreement with the local-spin-density-approximation (LSDA)+U calculation. C1 Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Phys Mat, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Chinju 660701, South Korea. Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies, Dept Phys, Yongin 449791, Kyungki, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. RI Shim, Ji Hoon/F-5375-2013; Sekiyama, Akira/G-1851-2016 NR 26 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 113105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.113105 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RG UT WOS:000178461000005 ER PT J AU Li, JH Holy, V Meduna, M Moss, SC Norman, AG Mascarenhas, A Reno, JL AF Li, JH Holy, V Meduna, M Moss, SC Norman, AG Mascarenhas, A Reno, JL TI Lateral composition modulation in (InAs)(n)/(AlAs)(m) short-period superlattices investigated by high-resolution x-ray scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRAINED-LAYER SUPERLATTICES; ALLOY THIN-FILMS; FREE SOLID FILMS; III-V-ALLOYS; MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RECIPROCAL-SPACE; GROWTH; STABILITY AB The lateral composition modulation in (InAs)(n)/(AlAs)(m) short-period vertical superlattices was investigated by means of synchrotron grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing-incidence (GID) and coplanar x-ray diffraction. Our GISAXS measurements determined experimentally the interface profile of a vertical superlattice, which then served as the basis for our diffraction analysis of the lateral composition profile. We show that the interfaces in the vertical superlattice have an asymmetric profile with an average undulation wavelength of about 280 Angstrom and an average amplitude of about 1 Angstrom. For the analysis of the lateral composition profile, a structural model based on the measured interface profile was proposed. The model also assumes that the composition is uniform in the growth direction but modulated laterally, because we consider only the zero-order vertical x-ray superlattice peak. This model, combined with strain analysis, was employed to extract the composition information from the x-ray GID and coplanar diffraction data. For the particular sample studied, both the GID and the coplanar diffraction measurements yielded a lateral compositional wavelength of about 280 Angstrom, which is the same as the morphological undulation wavelength of the interfaces, and a composition amplitude of about 15%-16%. From the experimentally determined interface profile, we determined that the upper limit of the amplitude of composition modulation is about 18% for this particular sample. Our results indicate that the composition modulation is predominantly caused by morphological undulation driven by the misfit strain. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Inst Condensed Matter Phys, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Phys & Chem Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010; Meduna, Mojmir/E-2474-2012; Holy, Vaclav/E-1508-2017 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X; Holy, Vaclav/0000-0002-0370-6928 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 115312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.115312 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RG UT WOS:000178461000058 ER PT J AU Northrup, JE Tiago, ML Louie, SG AF Northrup, JE Tiago, ML Louie, SG TI Surface energetics and growth of pentacene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; TRANSISTORS AB First-principles pseudopotential density-functional calculations for pentacene and anthracene are used to obtain atomic structures, cohesive energies, and surface energies for the low index surfaces. For pentacene, calculations predict that the (001) surface has a much lower surface energy than the other surfaces. From the first-principles results a general model of the intermolecular bonding is developed. This model may be employed to estimate the surface energies and cohesive energy for any polyacene crystal. Implications of the present results for understanding the temperature dependence of the growth morphology of pentacene are discussed. C1 Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Northrup, JE (reprint author), Palo Alto Res Ctr, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 19 TC 148 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 12 AR 121404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.121404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RH UT WOS:000178461100015 ER PT J AU Rahmani, A Sauvajol, JL Rols, S Benoit, C AF Rahmani, A Sauvajol, JL Rols, S Benoit, C TI Nonresonant Raman spectrum in infinite and finite single-wall carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-MODES; MOMENTS METHOD; SCATTERING; FRACTALS AB We use the spectral moments method in the framework of the bond-polarization theory to calculate polarized nonresonant Raman spectra of chiral and achiral single-wall carbon nanotubes as a function of their diameter and length. In a previous approach, an investigation of finite-size effects was limited to a narrow length range (below 50 Angstrom). The present work extends the analysis to a larger range of finite lengths (from 20 to 850 Angstrom) as well as to achiral and chiral tubes of different diameters. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, Dynam Phases Condensees Grp, CNRS, UMR 5581, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. Univ MY Ismail, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Meknes 50000, Morocco. Argonne Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rahmani, A (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, Dynam Phases Condensees Grp, CNRS, UMR 5581, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. RI ROLS, Stephane/A-1609-2013 OI ROLS, Stephane/0000-0002-9892-816X NR 36 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 12 AR 125404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.125404 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RH UT WOS:000178461100054 ER PT J AU Usuda, M Hamada, N Kotani, T van Schilfgaarde, M AF Usuda, M Hamada, N Kotani, T van Schilfgaarde, M TI All-electron GW calculation based on the LAPW method: Application to wurtzite ZnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PLANE-WAVE METHOD; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHOTOEMISSION; INSULATORS; ENERGIES AB We present an all-electron implementation of the GW approximation and apply it to wurtzite ZnO. Eigenfunctions computed in the local-density approximation (LDA) by the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave or the linearized muffin-tin-orbital method supply the input for generating the Green function G and the screened Coulomb interaction W. A mixed basis is used for the expansion of W, consisting of plane waves in the interstitial region and augmented-wave-function products in the augmentation-sphere regions. The frequency dependence of the dielectric function is computed within the random-phase approximation (RPA), without a plasmon-pole approximation. The Zn 3d orbitals are treated as valence states within the LDA; both core and valence states are included in the self-energy calculation. The calculated band gap is smaller than experiment by similar to1 eV, in contrast to previously reported GW results. Self-energy corrections are orbital dependent and push down the deep O 2s and Zn 3d levels by similar to1 eV relative to the LDA. The d level shifts closer to experiment but the size of shift is underestimated, suggesting that the RPA overscreens localized states. C1 Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Chiba 2788510, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Usuda, M (reprint author), Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, 2641 Yamazaki, Chiba 2788510, Japan. RI kotani, takao/G-4355-2011 OI kotani, takao/0000-0003-1693-7052 NR 25 TC 146 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 12 AR 125101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.125101 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RH UT WOS:000178461100016 ER PT J AU Verdozzi, C Schultz, PA Wu, RQ Edwards, AH Kioussis, N AF Verdozzi, C Schultz, PA Wu, RQ Edwards, AH Kioussis, N TI Layer intermixing during metal/metal oxide adsorption: Ti/sapphire(0001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; ALPHA-AL2O3(0001) SURFACE; 0001 SURFACE; AB-INITIO; SAPPHIRE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; INTERFACES; ENERGY; RELAXATION AB First principles density functional calculations for adsorption of Ti on Al2O3(0001) indicate that Ti:Al2O3(0001) interfaces become intermixed. Substitutional Ti replaces a surface Al atom rather than a subsurface Al, and the Al-terminated surface is unstable under Ti adsorption. Adsorbed Ti displaces the surface Al, resulting in a mixed Ti/Al interfacial layer instead of a sharp Ti:Al2O3 interface. Our results provide a coherent picture of the structural and electronic properties of this interface and are consistent with available experimental data. C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Verdozzi, C (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RI Wu, Ruqian/C-1395-2013 OI Wu, Ruqian/0000-0002-6156-7874 NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 12 AR 125408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.125408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 601RH UT WOS:000178461100058 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Erlich, J Terning, J AF Csaki, C Erlich, J Terning, J TI Effective Lagrangian in the Randall-Sundrum model and electroweak physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TECHNICOLOR THEORIES; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; CHIRAL HIERARCHIES; GAUGE-BOSON; RUNNING COUPLINGS; LOCALIZED GRAVITY; STANDARD MODEL; RADION; PHENOMENOLOGY; STABILIZATION AB We consider the two-brane Randall-Sundrum (RS) model with bulk gauge fields. We carefully match the bulk theory to a 4D low-energy effective Lagrangian. In addition to the four-fermion operators induced by KK exchange we find that large negative S and T parameters are induced in the effective theory. This is a tree-level effect and is a consequence of the shapes of the W and Z wave functions in the bulk. Such effects are generic in extra dimensional theories where the standard model (SM) gauge bosons have nonuniform wave functions along the extra dimension. The corrections to precision electroweak observables in the RS model are mostly dominated by S. We fit the parameters of the RS model to the experimental data and find somewhat stronger bounds than previously obtained; however, the standard model bound on the Higgs boson mass from precision measurements can only be slightly relaxed in this theory. C1 Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Nucl Studies, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theory Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Csaki, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Nucl Studies, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Terning, John/0000-0003-1367-0575 NR 64 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064021 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.064021 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 601RE UT WOS:000178460800048 ER PT J AU Jaikumar, P Prakash, M Schafer, T AF Jaikumar, P Prakash, M Schafer, T TI Neutrino emission from Goldstone modes in dense quark matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COLOR-FLAVOR-LOCKING; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; BARYON DENSITY; STARS; QCD; PHASE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUPERFLUIDITY; INSTANTONS; EVOLUTION AB We calculate neutrino emissivities from the decay and scattering of Goldstone bosons in the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase of quarks at high baryon density. Interactions in the CFL phase are described by an effective low-energy theory. For temperatures in the tens of keV range, relevant to the long-term cooling of neutron stars, the emissivities involving Goldstone bosons dominate over those involving quarks, because gaps in the CFL phase are similar to100 MeV while the masses of Goldstone modes are on the order of 10 MeV. For the same reason, the specific heat of the CFL phase is also dominated by the Goldstone modes. Notwithstanding this, both the emissivity and the specific heat from the massive modes remain rather small, because of their extremely small number densities. The values of the emissivity and the specific heat imply that the time scale for the cooling of the CFL core is similar to10(26) yr, which makes the CFL phase invisible as the exterior layers of normal matter surrounding the core will continue to cool through significantly more rapid processes. If the CFL phase appears during the evolution of a protoneutron star, neutrino interactions with Goldstone bosons are expected to be significantly more important since temperatures are high enough (similar to20-40 MeV) to admit large number densities of Goldstone modes. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jaikumar, P (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Prakash, Madappa/D-9820-2016; OI Schaefer, Thomas/0000-0002-2297-782X NR 62 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 063003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.063003 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 601RE UT WOS:000178460800008 ER PT J AU Myslinski, P Kamasa, P Wasik, A Pyda, M Wunderlich, B AF Myslinski, P Kamasa, P Wasik, A Pyda, M Wunderlich, B TI Characterization of the ceramic coating of iron with TiN by temperature-modulated dilatometry SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society Conference CY OCT 04-06, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP N Amer Thermal Analy Soc DE thin film coating; adhesion; temperature-modulated differential dilatometry AB Arc-evaporated ceramic films such as TiN, TiCN, and TiAIN find application for enhancing wear-resistance of tools for metal cutting. The wear-resistance is influenced by adhesive forces between film and substrate, which may be degraded by residual and imposed stresses, leading to delamination and damage of coating. The aim of this work was to find a relationship between physical properties of the coated iron and thermally induced stresses detected by dilatometry. Samples of iron coated with layers of TiN were investigated. In order to obtain more details about the degradation process of adhesion, the dilatometric analysis was carried out simultaneously with differential temperature and magnetometric analysis. The significant increase in thermal response was achieved by applying temperature modulation, a novel method in this field. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Koszalin, PL-75620 Koszalin, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Myslinski, P (reprint author), Tech Univ Koszalin, Ul Raclawicka 15-17, PL-75620 Koszalin, Poland. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 392 SI SI BP 187 EP 193 AR PII S0040-6031(02)00101-6 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(02)00101-6 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 605PJ UT WOS:000178686000028 ER PT J AU Kamasa, P Merzlyakov, M Pyda, M Pak, J Schick, C Wunderlich, B AF Kamasa, P Merzlyakov, M Pyda, M Pak, J Schick, C Wunderlich, B TI Multi-frequency heat capacity measured with different types of TMDSC SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society Conference CY OCT 04-06, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP N Amer Thermal Analy Soc DE heat capacity; glass transition; temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry; TMDSC; Fourier transformation; higher harmonics; multi-frequency modulation ID GLASS-TRANSITION REGION; TEMPERATURE-MODULATED DSC; SCANNING CALORIMETRY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SAWTOOTH MODULATION; POLYSTYRENE AB The heat capacities of sapphire (Al2O3) and sodium chloride (NaCl), have been measured to establish the accuracy and precision of two different temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimeters operated in diverse multi-frequency modes. The calorimeters have then been applied to find the apparent, reversing heat capacity of polystyrene as a function of frequency in the glass transition region. The first modulation mode consisted of a series of linear heating and cooling segments and produced four harmonics with practically equal temperature amplitudes (1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th), one of lower amplitude (9th), and almost negligible higher harmonics. The second modulation mode is a rather sharp step ending in an isotherm or slow temperature-decrease and leads to a controlled spike in the heat-flow rate response which produces Fourier components of similar amplitudes for all harmonics of the rates of changes of temperature. The apparent, reversing heat capacity is evaluated from the amplitudes of the heat-flow rates and the corresponding sample temperatures or heating-rates. A time-constant or calibration constant which accounts for thermal conductivities and resistances within the calorimeters can be evaluated from the different harmonics of each run. Measurements in the glass transition region have a slow response of the sample. They are evaluated by separating the sample effect from the calorimeter response which can be extrapolated from data gained outside the transition. One measurement is thus sufficient for the evaluation of the frequency dependence of the heat capacity in the glass transition region. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Rostock, Dept Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Schick, Christoph/C-1154-2009 OI Schick, Christoph/0000-0001-6736-5491 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD SEP 15 PY 2002 VL 392 SI SI BP 195 EP 207 AR PII S0040-6031(02)00102-8 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(02)00102-8 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 605PJ UT WOS:000178686000029 ER PT J AU Rubin, SM Lee, SY Ruiz, EJ Pines, A Wemmer, DE AF Rubin, SM Lee, SY Ruiz, EJ Pines, A Wemmer, DE TI Detection and characterization of xenon-binding sites in proteins by Xe-129 NMR spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrophobic cavities; ligand-protein interactions; xenon binding; multiple isomorphous replacement; protein conformation assay ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LASER-POLARIZED XENON; MALTOSE-BINDING; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; T4 LYSOZYME; PHAGE-T4 LYSOZYME; ACTIVE-TRANSPORT; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; NONPOLAR CAVITY AB Xenon-binding sites in proteins have led to a number of applications of xenon in biochemical and structural studies. Here we further develop the utility of Xe-129 NMR in characterizing specific xenon-protein interactions. The sensitivity of the Xe-129 chemical shift to its local environment and the intense signals attainable by optical pumping make xenon a useful NMR reporter of its own interactions with proteins. A method for detecting specific xenon-binding interactions by analysis of Xe-129 chemical shift data is illustrated using the maltose binding protein (MBP) from Escherichia coli as an example. The crystal structure of MBP in the presence of 8 atm of xenon confirms the binding site determined from NMR data. Changes in the structure of the xenon-binding cavity upon the binding of maltose by the protein can account for the sensitivity of the Xe-129 chemical shift to MBP conformation. Xe-129 NMR data for xenon in solution with a number of cavity containing phage T4 lysozyme mutants show that xenon can report on cavity structure. In particular, a correlation exists between cavity size and the binding-induced Xe-129 chemical shift. Further applications of Xe-129 NMR to biochemical assays, including the screening of proteins for xenon binding for crystallography are considered. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, MC-1460,B84A Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 54 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 13 PY 2002 VL 322 IS 2 BP 425 EP 440 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00739-8 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 597PT UT WOS:000178230500014 PM 12217701 ER PT J AU Alm, E Morozov, AV Kortemme, T Baker, D AF Alm, E Morozov, AV Kortemme, T Baker, D TI Simple physical models connect theory and experiment in protein folding kinetics SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein folding; transition state; kinetics; phi-values; master equation ID TRANSITION-STATE; MICROSCOPIC THEORY; CONTACT ORDER; DOMAIN; PATHWAY; TOPOLOGY; RATES; PREDICTION; MECHANISMS; LANDSCAPE AB Our understanding of the principles underlying the protein-folding problem can be tested by developing and characterizing simple models that make predictions which can be compared to experimental data. Here we extend our earlier model of folding free energy landscapes, in which each residue is considered to be either folded as in the native state or completely disordered, by investigating the role of additional factors representing hydrogen bonding and backbone torsion strain, and by using a hybrid between the master equation approach and the simple transition state theory to evaluate kinelics near the free energy barrier in greater detail. Model calculations of folding phi-values are compared to experimental data for 19 proteins, and for more than half of these, experimental data are reproduced with correlation coefficients between r = 0.41 and 0.88; calculations of transition state free energy barriers correlate with rates measured for 37 single domain proteins (r = 0.69). The model provides insight into the contribution of alternative-folding pathways, the validity of quasi-equilibrium treatments of the folding landscape, and the magnitude of the Arrhenius prefactor for protein folding. Finally, we discuss the limitations of simple native-state-based models, and as a more general test of such models, provide predictions of folding rates and mechanisms for a comprehensive set of over 400 small protein domains of known structure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Baker, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Baker, David/K-8941-2012 OI Baker, David/0000-0001-7896-6217 NR 46 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 13 PY 2002 VL 322 IS 2 BP 463 EP 476 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00706-4 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 597PT UT WOS:000178230500016 PM 12217703 ER PT J AU Mitsui, T Rose, MK Fomin, E Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Mitsui, T Rose, MK Fomin, E Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M TI Water diffusion and clustering on Pd(111) SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; PT(111); ADSORPTION; RU(001); MONOMERS; DIMERS; H2O; TEMPERATURES AB The adsorption, diffusion, and clustering of water molecules on a Pd(111) surface were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. At 40 kelvin, low-coverage water adsorbs in the form of isolated molecules, which diffuse by hopping to nearest neighbor sites. Upon collision, they form first dimers, then trimers, tetramers, and so on. The mobility of these species increased by several orders of magnitude when dimers, trimers, and tetramers formed, and decreased again when the cluster contained five or more molecules. Cyclic hexamers were found to be particularly stable. They grow with further exposure to form a commensurate hexagonal honeycomb structure relative to the Pd(111) substrate. These observations illustrate the change in relative strength between intermolecular hydrogen bonds and molecule-substrate bonds as a function of water cluster size, the key property that determines the wetting properties of materials. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 36 TC 214 Z9 215 U1 1 U2 57 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 13 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5588 BP 1850 EP 1852 DI 10.1126/science.1075095 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 592UJ UT WOS:000177955000037 PM 12228712 ER PT J AU Yang, L Huang, HW AF Yang, L Huang, HW TI Observation of a membrane fusion intermediate structure SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STALK MECHANISM; SYSTEMS; LIPIDS; PHASES; VIRUS AB We report the observation of a phase of phospholipid that contains a structure similar to the commonly postulated interbilayer state that is crucial to membrane fusion. The widely accepted model for membrane fusion suggests that there is an intermediate state in which the two contacting monolayers become continuous via an hourglass-shaped structure called a stalk. Many efforts have been made to estimate the free energy for such a state in order to understand the functionality of membrane fusion proteins and to de ne key parameters in energy estimates. The observation of the stalk structure supports the stalk hypothesis for membrane fusion and enables the measurement of these parameters experimentally. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Huang, HW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013 OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM55203] NR 30 TC 205 Z9 209 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 13 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 5588 BP 1877 EP 1879 DI 10.1126/science.1074354 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 592UJ UT WOS:000177955000046 PM 12228719 ER PT J AU Peters, AM Nastasi, M AF Peters, AM Nastasi, M TI Effect of carrier gas on the deposition of titanium carbo-nitride coatings by a novel organo-metallic plasma immersion ion processing technique SO VACUUM LA English DT Article DE plasma immersion ion processing (PIIP); TiCN; OMCVD; hardness; residual stress; coefficient of friction ID THIN-FILMS; STRESS; NANOINDENTATION; NITROGEN; MOCVD; DLC AB Using a novel organo-metallic chemical vapor deposition plasma immersion ion processing technique, titanium carbo-nitride (Ti-C-N) coatings were deposited from an organo-metallic CVD precursor, tetrakis-dimethylamino titanium. Different carrier gases (acetylene, ammonia, argon and nitrogen) were made to flow through the precursor reservoir at 20 sccm so that the coating composition could be modified. Deposited coatings had thickness in the range of 300-1000nm as determined by surface profilometry. Titanium concentrations in the coatings ranged from 10.8 to 15.1 at%. Hardness values of these coatings ranged from approximate to8-14 GPa while residual stresses were in the range from -440 to -100MPa, as determined by nanoindentation and wafer curvature techniques, respectively. Coefficient of friction values ranged from 0.2 to 0.45, and were lowest for coatings with low titanium content. Hardness, coefficient of friction and residual stress increased with increasing titanium content. Wear resistance was determined by a pin-on-disk technique and wear coefficients ranged from 0.005 x 10(-6) to 2 x 10(-6) mm(3)/Nm, increasing with increasing hardness indicating an abrasive wear mechanism. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peters, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Div Chem, Mail Stop E537, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ampeters@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD SEP 13 PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 169 EP 175 AR PII S0042-207X(02)00108-2 DI 10.1016/S0042-207X(02)00108-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 601TL UT WOS:000178464000001 ER PT J AU Su, MC Kumaran, SS Lim, KP Michael, JV Wagner, AF Harding, LB Fang, DC AF Su, MC Kumaran, SS Lim, KP Michael, JV Wagner, AF Harding, LB Fang, DC TI Rate constants, 1100 <= T <= 2000 K, for H+NO2 -> OH+NO using two shock tube techniques: Comparison of theory to experiment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-STATE DISTRIBUTION; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETERMINATION; H-ATOM REACTIONS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; RATE COEFFICIENT; + NO2; OH AB Rate constants for the reaction H + NO2 --> OH + NO have been measured over the temperature range 1100-2000 K in reflected shock wave experiments using two different methods of analysis. In both methods, the source of H-atoms is from ethyl radical decomposition in which the radicals are formed essentially instantaneously from the thermal decomposition of C2H5I. The first method uses atomic resonance absorption. spectrometry (ARAS) to follow the temporal behavior of H-atoms. Experiments were performed under such low [C2H5I](0) that the title reaction could be chemically isolated, and the decay of H-atoms was strictly first-order. The results from these experiments can be summarized as k = (1.4+/-0.3) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for 1100 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 1650 K. The second method utilizes a multipass optical system for observing the product radical, OH. A resonance lamp was used as the absorption source. Because this is the first OH-radical kinetics investigation from this laboratory, extensive calibration was required. This procedure resulted in a modified Beer's law description of the curve-of-growth, which could subsequently be used to convert absorption data to OH-radical profiles. Rate constants by this method required chemical simulation, and the final result can be summarized as k = (1.8+/-0.2) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for 1250 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 2000 K. Because the results from the two methods statistically overlap, they can be combined giving k = (1.64+/-0.30) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for 1100 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 2000 2000 K. The present results are compared to earlier work at lower temperatures, and the combined database yields the temperature dependence over the large range, 195-2000 K. The combined results can be summarized ask = (1.47+/-0.26) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for 195 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 2000 K. The reaction is subsequently considered theoretically using ab initio electronic structure calculations combined with modern dynamical theory to rationalize the thermal rate behavior. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Butler Univ, Dept Chem, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 83 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 36 BP 8261 EP 8270 DI 10.1021/jp0141023 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 591JN UT WOS:000177876500006 ER PT J AU Paukstis, SJ Gole, JL Dixon, DA Peterson, KA AF Paukstis, SJ Gole, JL Dixon, DA Peterson, KA TI The ionization potential of Si2N and Si2O SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; DIATOMIC HYDRIDES; AB-INITIO; SPECTROSCOPY AB One-color resonant and nonresonant ionization studies of Si2N and Si2O have been performed using a pulsed laser vaporization cluster source in conjunction with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The ionization potential of Si2N is established as less than 6.4 eV, while the ionization potential of Si2O is bracketed between 6.4 and 7.9 eV. The experimentally established ionization potential for Si2N is confirmed by detailed molecular electronic structure calculations which indicate an adiabatic as well as vertical ionization potential of 6.2 +/- 0.05 eV and a close similarity between neutral Si2N and ionic Si2N+. Similar detailed calculations lead to a best estimate of an adiabatic ionization energy of 7.42 +/- 0.04 eV and a vertical ionization energy of 7.66 +/- 0.04 eV for Si2O. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gole, JL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 12 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 36 BP 8435 EP 8441 DI 10.1021/jp020468j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 591JN UT WOS:000177876500030 ER EF