FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Stradins, P Jackson, WB Branz, HM Hu, J Perkins, CL Wang, Q AF Stradins, P Jackson, WB Branz, HM Hu, J Perkins, CL Wang, Q BE Abelson, JR Ganguly, G Matsumura, H Robertson, J Schiff, EA TI Time-resolved switching studies in a-Si : H and related films SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON-BASED FILMS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon-Based Films held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, BP Solar Inc, MVSystems, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc, Xerox PARC ID DEVICES AB Switching in a-Si:H and a-Si:HNx layers is investigated by pulse current transient and Auger scanning microspectroscopy measurements. Switching in a-Si:H with Ag and Cr contacts exhibits 2 different regimes depending on the voltage pulse polarity. With a positive top Ag contact, switching occurs in nanoseconds after a certain latency time, which depends on voltage exponentially. For a negative Ag contact, there is no latency time provided the voltage exceeds a certain critical value. This might be related to interface effects on contact properties or field-assisted metal diffusion. Scanning Auger element micromaps reveal metallic filaments in the switched films. They contain both Ag and Cr throughout the film thickness. Two phases of the filament formation are suggested - a precursor phase and a post-switching phase characterized by local heating and atomic diffusion. Soft and hard switching are observed in a-Si:HNx films simultaneously and their rates depend strongly on the contact material and applied voltage. Soft switching might be related to the charge trapping in this wide bandgap material. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stradins, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-699-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 762 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY09N UT WOS:000187620100011 ER PT S AU Hu, J Jackson, W Ward, S Stradins, P Branz, HM Wang, Q AF Hu, J Jackson, W Ward, S Stradins, P Branz, HM Wang, Q BE Abelson, JR Ganguly, G Matsumura, H Robertson, J Schiff, EA TI Area-dependent switching in thin film-silicon devices SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON-BASED FILMS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon-Based Films held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, BP Solar Inc, MVSystems, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc, Xerox PARC ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON AB We report on the area dependence of switching in both Cr/p(+)a-Si:H/Ag(Al) and Cr/p(+)muc-Si/Ag(Al) filament switches. The doped amorphous (a-Si:H) or microcrystalline (muc-Si) thin Si layers are made by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. The device active region area (A) is varied over 5 orders of magnitude, from 10(-7) to 10(-2) cm(2), using photolithographically defined 2 Ag and Al top contacts. Before switching, the resistance of 100-mum(2) devices is normally about 100 kOmega for muc-Si and 10 GOmega for a-Si:H. After switching with applied current ramps, the resistance decreases to a few hundred ohms in all a-Si devices and to a few thousands ohms in muc-Si devices. In both muc-Si and a-Si:H devices, the switching voltage (V-sw) decreases with increasing device area according to V-sw similar to V-0-alphaln(A/A(0)) with alpha=0.3V for a-Si:H and alpha=0.04V for muc-Si. For both materials, the switching current roughly obeys the power law I-sw proportional to A(beta) with betasimilar to1. A statistical model is proposed to explain the area scaling of the switching voltage and relate the parameters to the material properties. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-699-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 762 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY09N UT WOS:000187620100024 ER PT S AU Iwaniczko, E Mahan, AH Yan, B Gedvilas, LN Williamson, DL Nelson, BP AF Iwaniczko, E Mahan, AH Yan, B Gedvilas, LN Williamson, DL Nelson, BP BE Abelson, JR Ganguly, G Matsumura, H Robertson, J Schiff, EA TI Deposition of device quality pc-Si films and solar cells at high rates by HWCVD in a W filament regime where W/Si formation is minimal SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON-BASED FILMS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon-Based Films held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, BP Solar Inc, MVSystems, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc, Xerox PARC AB muc-Si has traditionally been deposited by Hot Wire CVD at a low filament temperature. At these temperatures, silicides rapidly form on the filament surface, leading in the case of a tungsten filament to both film reproducibility and filament lifetime issues. By depositing films consecutively using identical deposition parameters, these issues are chronicled for a filament temperature of similar to 1750degreesC. Upon increasing the filament temperature to similar to1825-1850degreesC, these reproducibility and lifetime issues disappear and, by lowering both the substrate temperature and chamber pressure, device quality pc-Si is deposited at high deposition rates in a filament regime where tungsten silicide formation is minimal. Both single junction and tandem solar cells are fabricated using this material, confirming the validity of this approach. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Iwaniczko, E (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-699-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 762 BP 387 EP 392 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY09N UT WOS:000187620100059 ER PT S AU Wang, Q Wang, KD Han, DX AF Wang, Q Wang, KD Han, DX BE Abelson, JR Ganguly, G Matsumura, H Robertson, J Schiff, EA TI Toward understanding the degradation without light soaking in hot-wire a-Si : H thin films and solar cells SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON-BASED FILMS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon-Based Films held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, BP Solar Inc, MVSystems, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc, Xerox PARC ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; CREATION; ENERGY AB The non-reversible degradation without light soaking has been observed in both thin films and solar cells fabricated using the hot-wire CVD technique. For solar cells, a 9.8% initial efficiency became 9.2% when measured after a few weeks of being stored in the dark. For the intrinsic layers, the conductivity increased in the air, but remained steady in vacuum up to 700 hours. Also, the conductivity increased and activation energy decreases from an initial similar to0.95 eV to similar to0.85 eV after several thermal cycles, even in, a vacuum. We suggest that the degradation in both materials and solar cells come from, the same origin: the upward shift of the Fermi-energy position from its initial value. In other words, the as-grown material is slightly p-type and gradually became slightly n-type after sitting in the air or after thermal annealing cycles in a vacuum. The shift in the Fermi-energy made the fill factor of the solar cell decrease and changes in the electronic properties of the i-layer. It is likely that adsorption of oxygen from water vapor is driving this degradation. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-699-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 762 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY09N UT WOS:000187620100061 ER PT S AU Wang, Q Tessler, LR Moutinho, H To, B Perkins, J Han, DX Ginley, D Branz, HM AF Wang, Q Tessler, LR Moutinho, H To, B Perkins, J Han, DX Ginley, D Branz, HM BE Abelson, JR Ganguly, G Matsumura, H Robertson, J Schiff, EA TI Combinatorial approach to thin-film silicon materials and devices SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON-BASED FILMS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon-Based Films held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, BP Solar Inc, MVSystems, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc, Xerox PARC ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; SOLAR-CELLS; DEPOSITION; DILUTION AB We apply combinatorial approaches to thin-film Si materials and device research. Our hot-wire chemical vapor deposition chamber is fitted with substrate xyz translation, a motorized shutter, and interchangable shadow masks to implement various combinatorial methods. For example, we have explored, in detail, the transition region through which thin Si changes from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon. This transition is very sensitive to deposition parameters such as hydrogen-to-silane dilution of the source gas, chamber pressure, and substrate temperature. A material library, on just a few substrates, led to a three-dimensional map of the transition as it occurs in our deposition system. This map guides our scientific studies and enables us to use several distinct transition materials in our solar-cell optimization research. We also grew thickness-graded wedge samples spanning the amorphous-to-microcrystalline Si transition. These single stripes map the temporal change of the thin silicon phase onto a single spatial dimension. Therefore, the structural, optical, and electrical properties can easily be studied through the phase transition. We have examined the nature of the phase change on the wedges with Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), ultraviolet reflectivity, and other techniques. Combinatorial techniques also accelerate our device research. In solar cells, for example, the combinatorial approach has significantly accelerated the optimization process of p-, i-, n-, and buffer layers through wide exploration of the complex space of growth parameters and layer thicknesses. Again, only a few deposition runs are needed. It has also been useful to correlate the materials properties of single layers in a device to their performance in the device. We achieve this by depositing layers that extend beyond the device dimensions to permit independent characterization of the layers. Not only has the combinatorial approach greatly increased the rate of materials and device experimentation in our laboratory, it has also been a powerful tool leading to a better understanding of structure-property relationships in thin-film Si. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-699-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 762 BP 413 EP 424 PG 12 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY09N UT WOS:000187620100063 ER PT S AU Xu, YQ Nelson, BP Williamson, DL Gedvilas, LM Reedy, RC AF Xu, YQ Nelson, BP Williamson, DL Gedvilas, LM Reedy, RC BE Abelson, JR Ganguly, G Matsumura, H Robertson, J Schiff, EA TI Influence of filament and substrate temperatures on structural and optoelectronic properties of narrow gap a-SiGe : H alloys deposited by hot-wire CVD SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON-BASED FILMS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon-Based Films held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, BP Solar Inc, MVSystems, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc, Xerox PARC ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; GE-H; FILMS; GERMANIUM AB We have found that narrow-bandgap-1.25 < Tauc Gap < 1.50 eV-amorphous silicon germanium (a-SiGe:H) alloys grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (hot-wire CVD) can be improved by lowering both substrate and filament temperatures. We systematically study films deposited using a one-tungsten filament, decreasing filament temperature (T-f) from our standard temperature of 2150degrees down to 1750degreesC, and fixing all other deposition parameters. By decreasing T-f at the fixed substrate temperature (T-s) of 180degreesC, the Ge-H bonding increases, whereas the Si-H-2 bonding is eliminated. Films with higher Ge-H bonding and less Si-H-2 have improved photoconductivity. For the series of films deposited using the same germane gas fraction at 35%, the energy where the optical absorption is 1x10(4) (E04) drops from 1.54 to 1.41 eV with decreasing T-f. This is mainly due to the combination of an increasing Ge solid fraction (x) in the film, and an improved homogeneity and compactness due to significant reduction of microvoids, which was confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). We also studied a series of films grown by decreasing the T-s from our previous standard temperature of 350degreesC down to 125degreesC, fixing all other deposition parameters including T-f at 1800degreesC. By decreasing T-s, both the total hydrogen content (C-H) and the Ge-H bonding increased, but the Si-H-2 bonding is not measurable in the T-s range of 180degrees-300degreesC. The E04 increases from 1.40 to 1.51 eV as T-s decreased from 350degrees to 125degreesC, mainly due to the increased total hydrogen content (CH). At the same time, the photo-to-dark conductivity ratio increases almost three orders of magnitude over this range of T-s. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Xu, YQ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-699-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 762 BP 455 EP 460 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY09N UT WOS:000187620100068 ER PT S AU Moutinho, HR Jiang, CS Nelson, B Xu, Y Perkins, J To, B Jones, KM Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM AF Moutinho, HR Jiang, CS Nelson, B Xu, Y Perkins, J To, B Jones, KM Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM BE Abelson, JR Ganguly, G Matsumura, H Robertson, J Schiff, EA TI Influence of substrate temperature and hydrogen dilution ratio on the properties of nanocrystalline silicon thin films grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON-BASED FILMS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon-Based Films held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, BP Solar Inc, MVSystems, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc, Xerox PARC ID MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON AB We have studied the influence of substrate temperature and hydrogen dilution ratio on the properties of silicon thin films deposited on single-crystal silicon and glass substrates. We varied the initial substrate temperature from 200degrees to 400degreesC and the dilution ratio from 10 to 100. We also studied the effectiveness of the use of a seed layer to increase the crystallinity of the films. The films were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. We found that as the dilution ratio is increased, the films go from amorphous, to a mixture of amorphous and crystalline, to nanocrystalline. The effect of substrate temperature is to increase the amount of crystallinity in the film for a given dilution ratio. We found that the use of a seed layer has limited effects and is important only for low values of dilution ratio and substrate temperature, when the films have large amounts of the amorphous phase. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, HR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-699-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 762 BP 571 EP 576 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY09N UT WOS:000187620100086 ER PT S AU Iwaniczko, E Mahan, AH Yan, B Gedvilas, LN Williamson, DL Nelson, BP AF Iwaniczko, E Mahan, AH Yan, B Gedvilas, LN Williamson, DL Nelson, BP BE Abelson, JR Ganguly, G Matsumura, H Robertson, J Schiff, EA TI Deposition of device quality pc-Si films and solar cells at high rates by HWCVD in a W filament regime where W/Si formation is minimal SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON-BASED FILMS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon-Based Films held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, BP Solar Inc, MVSystems, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, United Solar Syst Corp, Voltaix Inc, Xerox PARC AB muc-Si has traditionally been deposited by Hot Wire CVD at a low filament temperature. At these temperatures, silicides rapidly form on the filament surface, leading in the case of a tungsten filament to both film reproducibility and filament lifetime issues. By depositing films consecutively using identical deposition parameters, these issues are chronicled for a filament temperature of similar to 1750degreesC. Upon increasing the filament temperature to similar to1825-1850degreesC, these reproducibility and lifetime issues disappear and, by lowering both the substrate temperature and chamber pressure, device quality muc-Si is deposited at high deposition rates in a filament regime where tungsten silicide formation is minimal. Both single junction and tandem solar cells are fabricated using this material, confirming the validity of this approach. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Iwaniczko, E (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-699-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 762 BP 643 EP 648 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BY09N UT WOS:000187620100098 ER PT J AU Hang, W Lewis, C Majidi, V AF Hang, W Lewis, C Majidi, V TI Practical considerations when using radio frequency-only quadrupole ion guide for atmospheric pressure ionization sources with time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; INTERFACE AB Construction details and performance evaluation of a radio frequency (rf)-only quadrupole ion guide for use with an electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer is presented in this paper. Angiotensin III and cytochrome c were used in these experiments to investigate the ion transmission properties of the rf-only quadrupole for different m/z species. In addition, influence of ion kinetic energies along with the characteristic fragmentation due to collision induced dissociation (CID) were studied. These experiments demonstrate that the transmissions of different m/z ions were not only dependent on the frequency and magnitude of the rf waveform, which is similar to a high vacuum rf-only quadrupole ion guide, but also on the pressure inside the quadrupole chamber. For the pressure range tested, low m/z ions are better focused with increasing pressure. As expected, transmission of ions are subject to space charge limitations when significant numbers of ions are focused on the axis of the quadrupole. It is also observed that CID results are related to transverse motion and longitude motion of ions inside the quadrupole region. Consequently, CID is useful for fragmentation of linear peptides and it is not effective (in present configuration) for large bulky proteins. The kinetic energy of ions that enter the repelling region of the TOFMS is ultimately determined by the ensemble effect resulting from the dc bias potential of the quadrupole (the dominant factor), skimmer-2, pressure inside the quadrupole chamber, and jet expansion. While this system is tested with an ESI source, the operational principle and design criteria are directly applicable for improving other atmospheric pressure ionization sources with time-of-flight mass analyzers such as an inductively coupled plasma ion source. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Majidi, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS K484,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2003 VL 128 IS 3 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1039/b209109g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 652AT UT WOS:000181357900013 PM 12705387 ER PT J AU Yantasee, W Lin, YH Zemanian, TS Fryxell, GE AF Yantasee, W Lin, YH Zemanian, TS Fryxell, GE TI Voltammetric detection of lead(II) and mercury(II) using a carbon paste electrode modified with thiol self-assembled monolayer on mesoporous silica (SAMMS) SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-PHASE BIOSENSORS; STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; PRECONCENTRATION; SUPPORTS; COPPER; VERMICULITE; TRACES; HG(II) AB The anodic stripping voltammetry at a carbon paste electrode modified with thiol terminated self-assembled monolayer on mesoporous silica (SH-SAMMS) provides a new sensor for simultaneous detection of lead ( Pb2+) and mercury (Hg2+) in aqueous solutions. The overall analysis involved a two-step procedure: an accumulation step at open circuit, followed by medium exchange to a pure electrolyte solution for the stripping analysis. Factors affecting the performance of the SH-SAMMS modified electrodes were investigated, including electrode activation and regeneration, electrode composition, preconcentration time, electrolysis time, and composition of electrolysis and stripping media. The most sensitive and reliable electrode contained 20% SH-SAMMS and 80% carbon paste. The optimal operating conditions were a sequence with a 2 min preconcentration period, then a 60 s electrolysis period of the preconcentrated species in 0.2 M nitric acid, followed by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry from -1.0 V to 0.6 V in 0.2 M nitric acid. The areas of the peak responses were linear with respect to metal ion concentrations in the ranges of 10 - 1500 ppb Pb2+ and 20 - 1600 ppb Hg2+. The detection limits for Pb2+ and Hg2+ were 0.5 ppb Pb2+ and 3 ppb Hg2+ after a 20 min preconcentration period. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 33 TC 126 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2003 VL 128 IS 5 BP 467 EP 472 DI 10.1039/b300467h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 675WB UT WOS:000182718500010 PM 12790199 ER PT J AU Werner, JH Baker, SN Baker, GA AF Werner, JH Baker, SN Baker, GA TI Fluorescence correlation spectroscopic studies of diffusion within the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID SOLVATOCHROMIC PROBE BEHAVIOR; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; CYBOTACTIC REGION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NILE-RED; TEMPERATURE; SOLVENTS; CATALYSIS; WATER; DYNAMICS AB Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements have been performed in order to determine the translational diffusion coefficients of three differently charged fluorescent probes (cationic: rhodamine 6G, neutral: 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4-H-pyran, DCM, and anionic: fluorescein) dissolved within the common room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][PF(6)]. These experiments demonstrate that FCS is a rapid, sensitive, precise (typical RSD from 4-8%), and low-consumption screening tool for the determination of analyte mobility within microliter ionic liquid samples. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gabaker@lanl.gov RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 40 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2003 VL 128 IS 6 BP 786 EP 789 DI 10.1039/b300734k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 687ZN UT WOS:000183407400046 PM 12866904 ER PT J AU Yantasee, W Lin, YH Li, XH Fryxell, GE Zemanian, TS Viswanathan, VV AF Yantasee, W Lin, YH Li, XH Fryxell, GE Zemanian, TS Viswanathan, VV TI Nanoengineered electrochemical sensor based on mesoporous silica thin-film functionalized with thiol-terminated monolayer SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID CARBON-PASTE ELECTRODE; MOLECULAR-SIEVE SILICAS; VOLTAMMETRIC DETECTION; MCM-41; COPPER(II); COPOLYMER; TRIBLOCK AB A mesoporous silica thin film was synthesized via a surfactant-templating process, where a silica sol gel is spin-coated onto the surface of a microchip-based gold microelectrode. Within the film was a cubic lattice of pores having a primary size of 77 Angstrom. Thiol (-SH) functional groups were subsequently immobilized onto the mesoporous silica thin film through a self-assembly process. The thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica (SH-FMS) thin film was used as the electrode sensing layer for detection of lead(II) in aqueous solutions by employing a square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry technique. The electrode modified with the SH-FMS thin-film utilized the binding affinity of lead( II) to the thiol ligands to perform the preconcentration step under an open circuit, with no additional electrolytes. The voltammetric responses for lead( II) increased linearly with the preconcentration time from 1 to 30 min. The responses also increased linearly with lead( II) concentrations ranging from 250 to 5000 ppb after 5 min preconcentration and from 25 - 100 ppb after 30 min preconcentration. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 29 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2003 VL 128 IS 7 BP 899 EP 904 DI 10.1039/b303973k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 696XJ UT WOS:000183912600015 ER PT J AU Moreno-Bondi, MC Alarie, JP Vo-Dinh, T AF Moreno-Bondi, MC Alarie, JP Vo-Dinh, T TI Multi-analyte analysis system using an antibody-based biochip SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE immunoassay; antibody array; biochip; protein biochip; multi-analyte ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; FABRICATION; BIOSENSOR; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOSENSOR; TECHNOLOGY; PROTEINS; SUPPORTS; SURFACES AB A multi-analyte detection system using a unique antibody (Ab) biochip is described. The Ab-based biochip, also referred to as the protein biochip, uses a sensor array based on a complementary metal oxide silicon (CMOS) integrated circuit. The Ab-biochip has a sampling platform of four-by-four microarrays of antibodies deposited onto a Nylon membrane substrate. The micro-arrayed antibodies can be interrogated simultaneously or sequentially using the biochip sensing array detector with the use of a diffractive optical element illuminating each antibody spot individually. The usefulness of the Ab biochip is illustrated by the measurements of immunoglogulin G (IgG) used as the model analyte system. The detection limit for Cy5-labeled IgG molecules was 13 pg. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Complutense, Fac Quim, Dept Analyt Chem, Madrid 28040, Spain. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Moreno-Bondi, Maria/H-3138-2011 OI Moreno-Bondi, Maria/0000-0002-3612-0675 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 375 IS 1 BP 120 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s00216-002-1626-y PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 643EK UT WOS:000180848800029 PM 12520447 ER PT J AU Clark, JM Daum, KA Kalivas, JH AF Clark, JM Daum, KA Kalivas, JH TI Demonstrated potential of ion mobility spectrometry for detection of adulterated perfumes and plant speciation SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ion mobility spectrometry; chemometrics; perfumes; plant speciation ID CHEMICAL CLASS INFORMATION; MODELING MIXTURE ANALYSIS; NEURAL NETWORKS; SPECTRA; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURES AB This initial study evaluates the use of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) as a rapid test procedure for potential detection of adulterated perfumes and speciation of plant life. Sample types measured consist of five genuine perfumes, two species of sagebrush, and four species of flowers. Each sample type is treated as a separate classification problem. It is shown that discrimination using principal component analysis with K-nearest neighbors can distinguish one class from another. Discriminatory models generated using principal component regressions are not as effective. Results from this examination are encouraging and represent an initial phase demonstrating that perfumes and plants possess characteristic chemical signatures that can be used for reliable identification. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Kalivas, JH (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 215 EP 244 DI 10.1081/AL-120017274 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 653YJ UT WOS:000181464400015 ER PT S AU Soukoulis, CM Markos, P AF Soukoulis, CM Markos, P BE Brandes, T Kettemann, S TI Transfer matrix studies of left-handed materials SO ANDERSON LOCALIZATION AND ITS RAMIFICATIONS: DISORDER, PHASE COHERENCE AND ELECTRON CORRELATIONS SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 283rd International WE Heraeus Seminar on Localization, Quantum Coherence and Interactions CY SEP 04-06, 2002 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn ID PHOTONIC BAND-GAP; LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; DISORDERED-SYSTEMS; CRYSTALS; LIGHT; TRANSMISSION; REFRACTION C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Soukoulis, CM (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-40785-5 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2003 VL 630 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BX60F UT WOS:000185823200008 ER PT J AU Schroder, D Brown, R Schwerdtfeger, P Wang, XB Yang, X Wang, LS Schwarz, H AF Schroder, D Brown, R Schwerdtfeger, P Wang, XB Yang, X Wang, LS Schwarz, H TI Gold dichloride and gold dibromide with gold atoms in three different oxidation states SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electron transfer; gold halides; mass spectrometry; photoelectron spectroscopy ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NEUTRAL MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; CHLORIDES; COMPLEXES; CATION; PROBE; XENON C1 Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Chem, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schroder, D (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Chem, Str 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 3 BP 311 EP + DI 10.1002/anie.200390104 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 638NW UT WOS:000180578000008 PM 12548687 ER PT J AU Tian, ZRR Liu, J Voigt, JA McKenzie, B Xu, HF AF Tian, ZRR Liu, J Voigt, JA McKenzie, B Xu, HF TI Hierarchical and self-similar growth of self-assembled crystals SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC MESOPOROUS ORGANOSILICAS; ORGANIC GROUPS; CHANNEL WALLS; SILICA; MORPHOGENESIS; INTERFACES; SHAPE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Tian, Z. Ryan /R-6671-2016 OI Tian, Z. Ryan /0000-0002-5644-8483 NR 33 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 4 BP 414 EP + PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 642LZ UT WOS:000180807000007 ER PT J AU Liu, NG Chen, Z Dunphy, DR Jiang, YB Assink, RA Brinker, CJ AF Liu, NG Chen, Z Dunphy, DR Jiang, YB Assink, RA Brinker, CJ TI Photoresponsive nanocomposite formed by self-assembly of an azobenzene-modified silane SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azo compounds; molecular devices; nanotechnology; photosensors; self-assembly ID THIN-FILMS; SILICA; MESOPHASES; MONOLAYERS; MECHANISM; POLYMERS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Micro Engn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1349, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Chen, Zhu/M-3834-2015 NR 25 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 7 U2 48 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 15 BP 1731 EP 1734 DI 10.1002/anie.200250189 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 673ZX UT WOS:000182612500010 PM 12707891 ER PT J AU Hsu, SCN Ramesh, M Espenson, JH Rauchfuss, TB AF Hsu, SCN Ramesh, M Espenson, JH Rauchfuss, TB TI Membership rules for a molecular box: The admission process and protection provided to guest molecules SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cage compounds; cations; cobalt; cyanide; host-guest systems; ruthenium ID PRUSSIAN BLUE; LIGAND C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rauchfuss, TB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Hsu, Sodio /D-4438-2009 OI Hsu, Sodio /0000-0002-2576-7289 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 23 BP 2663 EP 2666 DI 10.1002/anie.200219562 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 692JA UT WOS:000183656900017 PM 12813748 ER PT J AU Greene, LE Law, M Goldberger, J Kim, F Johnson, JC Zhang, YF Saykally, RJ Yang, PD AF Greene, LE Law, M Goldberger, J Kim, F Johnson, JC Zhang, YF Saykally, RJ Yang, PD TI Low-temperature wafer-scale production of ZnO nanowire arrays SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; nanowires; oxides; photoluminescence; zinc ID ZINC-OXIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LUMINESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANORODS; GROWTH; SINGLE; FILMS; FABRICATION; DEPENDENCE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Goldberger, Joshua/F-5484-2011; Goldberger, Joshua/N-8963-2016; OI Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X; Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X; Kim, Franklin/0000-0002-6548-6588 NR 22 TC 1299 Z9 1327 U1 64 U2 620 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 26 BP 3031 EP 3034 DI 10.1002/anie.200351461 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 702QP UT WOS:000184234800023 PM 12851963 ER PT J AU Long, DL Kogerler, P Farrugia, LJ Cronin, L AF Long, DL Kogerler, P Farrugia, LJ Cronin, L TI Restraining symmetry in the formation of small polyoxomolybdates: Building blocks of unprecedented topology resulting from "shrink-wrapping" [H2Mo16O52](10-)-type clusters SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cluster compounds; molybdenum; polyoxometalates; self-assembly; supramolecular chemistry ID MOLECULAR GROWTH; MOLYBDENUM-OXIDE; HYBRID MATERIALS; FRAGMENTS; KEPLERATE; CHEMISTRY; CORES C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cronin, L (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Joseph Black Bldg,Univ Ave, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Long, Deliang/C-3500-2011; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 33 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 35 BP 4180 EP 4183 DI 10.1002/anie.200351615 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 725LP UT WOS:000185544900004 PM 14502730 ER PT J AU Iyer, VS Vollhardt, KPC Wilhelm, R AF Iyer, VS Vollhardt, KPC Wilhelm, R TI Near-quantitative solid-state synthesis of carbon nanotubes from homogeneous diphenylethynecobalt and -nickel complexes SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE alkyne ligands; carbon; cobalt; nanotubes; nickel; solid-state synthesis ID EXPLOSIVE DECOMPOSITION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GROWTH; CATALYST; NANOSTRUCTURES; ROUTE; FABRICATION; DIFFRACTION; PARTICLES; PRECURSOR C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kpcv@uclink.berkeley.edu OI Wilhelm, Rene/0000-0003-3856-2757 NR 69 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 36 BP 4379 EP 4383 DI 10.1002/anie.200352201 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 728ME UT WOS:000185720300020 PM 14502717 ER PT J AU Liu, HC Bayat, N Iglesia, E AF Liu, HC Bayat, N Iglesia, E TI Site titration with organic bases during catalysis: Selectivity modifier and structural probe in methanol oxidation on Keggin clusters SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cluster compounds; heterogeneous catalysis; methanol; organic bases; oxidation ID HETEROPOLY COMPOUNDS; ACID C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Iglesia, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM iglesia@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017 OI Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001 NR 12 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 41 BP 5072 EP 5075 DI 10.1002/anie.200352393 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 740BJ UT WOS:000186380700019 PM 14595636 ER PT J AU Ju, J Lin, JH Li, GB Yang, T Li, HM Liao, FH Loong, CK You, LP AF Ju, J Lin, JH Li, GB Yang, T Li, HM Liao, FH Loong, CK You, LP TI Aluminoborate-based molecular sieves with 18-octahedral-atom tunnels SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE aluminoborates; aluminum; boron; microporous materials; zeolite analogues ID PHOSPHATE; TODOROKITES C1 Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Peking Univ, Coll Phys, Electron Microscopy Lab, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Lin, JH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RI Li, Guobao/F-3690-2016 OI Li, Guobao/0000-0003-3061-193X NR 25 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 45 BP 5607 EP 5610 DI 10.1002/anie.200352263 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 750FE UT WOS:000186980000014 PM 14639728 ER PT J AU Pallan, PS Wilds, CJ Wawrzak, Z Krishnamurthy, R Eschenmoser, A Egli, M AF Pallan, PS Wilds, CJ Wawrzak, Z Krishnamurthy, R Eschenmoser, A Egli, M TI Why does TNA cross-pair more strongly with RNA than with DNA? An answer from X-ray analysis SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE conformation analysis; DNA; RNA; structure elucidation; TNA ID NUCLEIC-ACID STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; CHEMICAL ETIOLOGY; SYSTEM; DUPLEX; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; TEMPLATE C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37332 USA. Concordia Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, DND CAT Synchrotron Res Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. ETH, Lab Organ Chem, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Egli, M (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37332 USA. RI Wilds, Christopher/K-4012-2013; OI Wilds, Christopher/0000-0002-0336-4753; Krishnamurthy, Ramanarayanan/0000-0001-5238-610X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-55237] NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 47 BP 5893 EP 5895 DI 10.1002/anie.200352553 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 755WW UT WOS:000187435300022 PM 14673929 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Alexandrova, AN Birch, KA Boldyrev, AI Wang, LS AF Zhai, HJ Alexandrova, AN Birch, KA Boldyrev, AI Wang, LS TI Hepta- and octacoordinate boron in molecular wheels of eight- and nine-atom boron clusters: Observation and confirmation SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; aromaticity; boron; cluster compounds; photoelectron spectroscopy ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AROMATICITY; CARBON C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009 OI Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669 NR 27 TC 233 Z9 238 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 48 BP 6004 EP 6008 DI 10.1002/anie.200351874 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 757PJ UT WOS:000187570400020 PM 14679555 ER PT J AU Essler, FHL Tsvelik, AM AF Essler, FHL Tsvelik, AM TI Dynamical response of quasi 1D Mott insulators SO ANNALES HENRI POINCARE LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL INSULATORS; COUPLED LUTTINGER LIQUIDS; SPIN-CHARGE SEPARATION; EXACT FORM-FACTORS; SINE-GORDON MODEL; OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY; FIELD-THEORIES; HUBBARD-MODEL; S-MATRIX; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB At low energies certain one dimensional Mott insulators can be described in terms of an exactly solvable quantum field theory, the U(1) Thirring model. Using exact results derived from integrability we determine dynamical properties like the frequency dependent optical conductivity and the single-particle Green's function. We discuss the effects of a small temperature and the effects on interchain tunneling in a model of infinitely many weakly coupled chains. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Essler, FHL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-0637 J9 ANN HENRI POINCARE JI Ann. Henri Poincare PY 2003 VL 4 SU 2 BP S589 EP S608 DI 10.1007/s00023-003-0945-7 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 760AK UT WOS:000187787900005 ER PT J AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, L TI RHIC and high energy density matter SO ANNALES HENRI POINCARE LA English DT Article AB The central goal of the RHIC experimental program at Brookhaven National Laboratory is to make and study the Quark Gluon Plasma. Another new form of matter, the Color Class Condensate may be formed in these collisions. The recent results from RHIC are discussed in this context. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-0637 J9 ANN HENRI POINCARE JI Ann. Henri Poincare PY 2003 VL 4 SU 1 BP S229 EP S242 DI 10.1007/s00023-003-0918-x PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 760AJ UT WOS:000187787800018 ER PT J AU Turner, MS AF Turner, MS TI The New Cosmology: Mid-term report card for inflation SO ANNALES HENRI POINCARE LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER; TENSOR PERTURBATIONS; FLATNESS PROBLEMS; UNIVERSE; FLUCTUATIONS; ANISOTROPY; HORIZON; MODELS; SCALAR AB Inflation has been the driving idea in cosmology for two decades and is a pillar of the New Cosmology. The inflationary paradigm has now passed its first round of significant tests, with two of its three basics predictions confirmed at about the 10% level (spatially flat Universe and density perturbations produced from quantum fluctuations with \n - 1\ similar to O(0.1)). The Inflationary Paradigm has some of the truth. Over the next decade the precision of these tests, most of which involve measurements of CMB anisotropy and polarization, will improve 30 fold or more(!), testing inflation more sharply and possibly elucidating the underlying cause. Especially important in this regard is detecting the inflation- produced gravitational waves, either directly or through their CMB polarization signature. While inflation has by no means been verified, its successes have raised the bar for competitor theories: Any alternative must feature the two hallmarks of inflation: superluminal expansion and entropy production. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Turner, MS (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-0637 EI 1424-0661 J9 ANN HENRI POINCARE JI Ann. Henri Poincare PY 2003 VL 4 SU 1 BP S333 EP S346 DI 10.1007/s00023-003-0926-x PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 760AJ UT WOS:000187787800026 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P AF Beiersdorfer, P TI Laboratory X-ray astrophysics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; atomic data; line formation processes; spectral diagnostics; spectral catalogues; laboratory facilities ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; NEON-LIKE IONS; INNER-SHELL TRANSITIONS; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; RECOMBINATION RATE COEFFICIENTS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS AB Targeted laboratory astrophysics measurements are being conducted to address the needs of X-ray astronomy. The measurements are producing large sets of reliable atomic data, which include ionization and recombination cross sections for charge balance calculations, as well as line lists, excitation cross sections, and dielectronic recombination rates for interpreting X-ray line formation. Additional experiments focus on resolving specific puzzles posed by astrophysical observations, as well as on calibrating existing and developing new X-ray line diagnostics. We discuss the types of data produced and illustrate how the laboratory measurements support such missions as ASCA, EUVE, Chandra, XMM, and ASTRO-E2. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM beiersdorfer@llnl.gov NR 197 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4146 J9 ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR JI Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2003 VL 41 BP 343 EP 390 DI 10.1146/annurev.astro.41.011802.094825 PG 48 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 742AX UT WOS:000186494000010 ER PT J AU Budinger, TE AF Budinger, TE TI Biomonitoring with wireless communications SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE physiologic monitoring; fall detection; personal tracking; activity monitors; pulse oximetry; blood pulse pressure; gastrointestinal monitoring; ultra-wideband ID PULSE TRANSIT-TIME; PRESSURE TELEMETRY SYSTEM; CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RADIOTELEMETRY SYSTEM; PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA; MONITORING FETAL; HEART-RATE; LONG-TERM; BIOTELEMETRY AB Wireless biomonitoring, first used in human beings for fetal heart-rate monitoring more than 30 years ago, has now become a technology for remote sensing of patients' activity, blood pulse pressure, oxygen saturation, internal pressures, orthopedic device loading, and gastrointestinal endoscopy. Technical advances in miniaturization and wireless communications have enabled development of monitoring devices that can be made available for general use by individuals/patients and caregivers. New methods for short-range wireless communications not encumbered by radio spectrum restrictions (e.g., ultra-wideband) will enable applications of wireless monitoring without interference in ambulatory subjects, in home care, and in hospitals. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn & Elect Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Budinger, TE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 84 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1523-9829 J9 ANNU REV BIOMED ENG JI Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. PY 2003 VL 5 BP 383 EP 412 DI 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.5.040202.121653 PG 30 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 742AV UT WOS:000186493800013 PM 14527317 ER PT J AU Ferguson, PL Smith, RD AF Ferguson, PL Smith, RD TI Proteome analysis by mass spectrometry SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Review DE proteomics; FTICR; protein identification; chromatography; two-dimensional HPLC ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; CODED AFFINITY TAGS; INTACT PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; 2-DIMENSIONAL GELS; MOLECULAR-MASS AB The coupling of high-performance mass spectrometry instrumentation with highly efficient chromatographic and electrophoretic separations has enabled rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of thousands of proteins from minute samples of biological materials. Here, we review recent progress in the development and application of mass spectrometry-based techniques for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of global proteome samples derived from whole cells, tissues, or organisms. Techniques such as multidimensional peptide and protein separations coupled with mass spectrometry, accurate mass measurement of peptides from global proteome digests, and mass spectrometric characterization of intact proteins hold great promise for characterization of highly complex protein mixtures. Advances in chemical tagging and isotope labeling techniques have enabled quantitative analysis of proteomes, and highly specific isolation strategies have been developed aimed at selective analysis of posttranslationally modified proteins. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ferguson, PL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Ferguson, Lee/A-5501-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; FU NCI NIH HHS [CA93306, CA81654]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS39617] NR 74 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-8700 J9 ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomolec. Struct. PY 2003 VL 32 BP 399 EP 424 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.32.110601.141854 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 717MD UT WOS:000185092700018 PM 12574065 ER PT J AU Fine, J Vuilleumier, L Reynolds, S Roth, P Brown, N AF Fine, J Vuilleumier, L Reynolds, S Roth, P Brown, N TI Evaluating uncertainties in regional photochemicalair quality modeling SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE ozone; emissions controls; simulation models; atmospheric transport ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TERM FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA OZONE; PHASE CHEMICAL MECHANISM; DECOUPLED DIRECT METHOD; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; INPUT VARIABLES; CONTROL STRATEGIES AB This review evaluates analyses that are or may be performed to estimate uncertainties associated with air quality modeling used in regulatory planning to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone. The sources of uncertainties in photochemical air quality simulation models (PAQSMs) are described. Regulatory requirements for evaluating PAQSM performance and uncertainty concerns not addressed through standard performance evaluations are discussed. Available techniques for evaluating uncertainties are presented. Experiences with analyses conducted most commonly are reviewed, as are those that might be used in a cohesive model uncertainty evaluation. The review concludes with a call for renewed emphasis on applying current techniques complemented by heretofore sparsely used diagnostic, corroborative, and alternative approaches and enhanced observational databases. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Atmospher Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MeteoSwiss, Aerol Stn, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. Envair, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA. Envair, San Rafael, CA 94960 USA. RP Fine, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Atmospher Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jdfine@usfca.edu; laurent.vuilleumier@meteosuisse.ch; steve@sreynolds.com; pmr9@attbi.com; njbrown@lbl.gov NR 125 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2003 VL 28 BP 59 EP 106 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.28.011503.163508 PG 48 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801NN UT WOS:000220102700003 ER PT J AU McKone, TE MacLeod, M AF McKone, TE MacLeod, M TI Tracking multiple pathways ofhuman exposure to persistent multimedia pollutants: Regional, continental, and global-scale models SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE pollutant transport; mass-balance models; fugacity; model evaluation ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; TOXIC-SUBSTANCES; COMMITMENT ASSESSMENT; GENERAL FORMULATION; PRIORITY ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; EVALUATIVE FATE; SPATIAL RANGE; UNCERTAINTY AB Widespread observations of organic pollutant compounds in vegetation, soil, animals, and human tissue have motivated research on more accurate characterizations of chemical transport over regional, continental, and global scales. Efforts to assess human and ecosystem exposure to contaminants from multiple environmental media have been evolving over the last several decades. In this review, we summarize the development and evolution of the multimedia mass-balance approach to pollutant fate and exposure evaluation and illustrate some of the calculations used in multimedia assessments. The concepts that form the foundation of Mackay-type mass-balance compartment models are described, and the ongoing efforts to use multimedia models to quantify human exposures are discussed. A series of case studies of varying complexity are used to illustrate capabilities and limitations of selected multimedia approaches. We look to the future and consider current challenges and opportunities in the field of multimedia contaminant fate and exposure modeling. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McKone, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 1 Cyclotron Rd,90R-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM temckone@lbl.gov; mjmacleod@lbl.gov RI MacLeod, Matthew/D-5919-2013 OI MacLeod, Matthew/0000-0003-2562-7339 NR 93 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 23 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2003 VL 28 BP 463 EP 492 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105623 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801NN UT WOS:000220102700014 ER PT J AU Dilling, L Doney, SC Edmonds, J Gurney, KR Harriss, R Schimel, D Stephens, B Stokes, G AF Dilling, L Doney, SC Edmonds, J Gurney, KR Harriss, R Schimel, D Stephens, B Stokes, G TI Therole of carbon cycle observations andknowledge in carbon management SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE carbon sequestration; measurement techniques; climate; Kyoto protocol ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; IRON FERTILIZATION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; LONG-TERM; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; OCEAN FERTILIZATION AB Agriculture and industrial development have led to inadvertent changes in the natural carbon cycle. As a consequence, concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere and may lead to changes in climate. The current challenge facing society is to develop options for future management of the carbon cycle. A variety of approaches has been suggested: direct reduction of emissions, deliberate manipulation of the natural carbon cycle to enhance sequestration, and capture and isolation of carbon from fossil fuel use. Policy development to date has laid out some of the general principles to which carbon management should adhere. These are summarized as: how much carbon is stored, by what means, and for how long. To successfully manage carbon for climate purposes requires increased understanding of carbon cycle dynamics and improvement in the scientific capabilities available for measurement as well as for policy needs. The specific needs for scientific information to underpin carbon cycle management decisions are not yet broadly known. A stronger dialogue between decision makers and scientists must be developed to foster improved application of scientific knowledge to decisions. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the carbon cycle, carbon measurement capabilities (with an emphasis on the continental scale) and the relevance of carbon cycle science to carbon sequestration goals. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Environm & Societal Impacts Grp, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Dilling, L (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Environm & Societal Impacts Grp, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM ldilling@ucar.edu; sdoney@whoi.edu; jae@pnl.gov; keving@atmos.colostate.edu; harriss@ucar.edu; schimel@ucar.edu; stephens@ucar.edu; stokes@pnl.gov RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Dilling, Lisa/I-2889-2012; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182 NR 167 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2003 VL 28 BP 521 EP 558 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.28.011503.163443 PG 40 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 801NN UT WOS:000220102700016 ER PT J AU Celniker, SE Rubin, GM AF Celniker, SE Rubin, GM TI The Drosophila melanogaster genome SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Review DE cDNAs; gene annotation; gene disruption; comparative genomics; gene expression ID CIS-REGULATORY MODULES; PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; Y-CHROMOSOME; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; COMPLEMENTARY-DNA; BITHORAX COMPLEX AB Drosophila's importance as a model organism made it an obvious choice to be among the first genomes sequenced, and the Release 1 sequence of the euchromatic portion of the genome was published in March 2000. This accomplishment demonstrated that a whole genome shotgun (WGS) strategy could produce a reliable metazoan genome sequence. Despite the attention to sequencing methods, the nucleotide sequence is just the starting point for genome-wide analyses; at a minimum, the genome sequence must be interpreted using expressed sequence tag (EST) and complementary DNA (cDNA) evidence and computational tools to identify genes and predict the structures of their RNA and protein products. The functions of these products and the manner in which their expression and activities are controlled must then be assessed-a much more challenging task with no clear endpoint that requires a wide variety of experimental and computational methods. We first review the current state of the Drosophila melanogaster genome sequence and its structural annotation and then briefly summarize some promising approaches that are being taken to achieve an initial functional annotation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley Drosophilia Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Celniker, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley Drosophilia Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM celniker@bdgp.lbl.gov; gerry@fruitfly.org OI Rubin, Gerald/0000-0001-8762-8703 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [P50-HG00750] NR 172 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 13 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1527-8204 J9 ANNU REV GENOM HUM G JI Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 BP 89 EP 117 DI 10.1146/annurev.genom.4.070802.110323 PG 29 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 836UG UT WOS:000222580700004 PM 14527298 ER PT J AU Fay, JC Wu, CI AF Fay, JC Wu, CI TI Sequence divergence, functional constraint, and selection in protein evolution SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENOMICS AND HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Review DE polymorphism; divergence; selection; constraint ID AMINO-ACID SITES; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; DETECTING POSITIVE SELECTION; CODON-SUBSTITUTION MODELS; CODING DNA-SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; HUMAN GENOME; NEGATIVE SELECTION; NEUTRAL THEORY; DARWINIAN SELECTION AB The genome sequences of multiple species has enabled functional inferences from comparative genomics. A primary objective is to infer biological functions from the conservation of homologous DNA sequences between species. A second, more difficult, objective is to understand what functional DNA sequences have changed over time and are responsible for species' phenotypic differences. The neutral theory of molecular evolution provides a theoretical framework in which both objectives can be explicitly tested. Development of statistical tests within this framework has provided insight into the evolutionary forces that constrain and in some cases change DNA sequences and the resulting patterns that emerge. In this article, we review recent work on how functional constraint and changes in protein function are inferred from protein polymorphism and divergence data. We relate these studies to our understanding of the neutral theory and adaptive evolution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Fay, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcfay@lbl.gov; ciwu@uchicago.edu NR 105 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 20 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1527-8204 J9 ANNU REV GENOM HUM G JI Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 BP 213 EP 235 DI 10.1146/annurev.genom.4.020303.162528 PG 23 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 836UG UT WOS:000222580700008 PM 14527302 ER PT J AU Borner, K Chen, CM Boyack, KW AF Borner, K Chen, CM Boyack, KW TI Visualizing knowledge domains SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LATENT SEMANTIC ANALYSIS; CO-WORD ANALYSIS; NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION NETWORKS; AUTHOR COCITATION ANALYSIS; SELF-ORGANIZING-MAPS; VECTOR-SPACE MODEL; INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; INTELLECTUAL STRUCTURE; RESEARCH PERFORMANCE C1 Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Drexel Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Chen, Chaomei/A-1252-2007; OI Chen, Chaomei/0000-0001-8584-1041; Boyack, Kevin/0000-0001-7814-8951 NR 200 TC 336 Z9 348 U1 37 U2 248 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0066-4200 EI 1550-8382 J9 ANNU REV INFORM SCI JI Annu. Rev. Inform. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 37 BP 179 EP 255 DI 10.1002/aris.1440370106 PG 77 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 627DT UT WOS:000179918000006 ER PT J AU De Jonghe, LC Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ AF De Jonghe, LC Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ TI Supported electrolyte thin film synthesis of solid oxide fuel cells SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE SOFC; membranes; architecture; processing ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; ELECTROCHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; BRITTLE FILMS; GROWTH-RATE; FABRICATION; MOCVD; SOFC AB Solid oxide fuel cells operating at temperatures below 800degreesC require the use of supported thin film solid electrolytes. A variety of processing methods are reviewed that can deliver electrolyte films with satisfactory performance. These include vapor phase, sol-gel, and powder methods such as colloidal deposition. An important consideration is that a number of these processing methods may not meet the low cost required by commercialization. The most cost-effective methods are considered to be simple powder methods combined with co-firing. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Jonghe, LC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 49 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2003 VL 33 BP 169 EP 182 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.33.041202.103842 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 717MG UT WOS:000185093000007 ER PT J AU Courant, ED AF Courant, ED TI Accelerators, colliders, and snakes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE particle accelerators; storage ring; spin; polarized beams ID HIGH-ENERGY; POLARIZED PROTONS; SYNCHROTRON; FIELD; RESONANCES; PARTICLES AB The author traces his involvement in the evolution of particle accelerators over the past 50 years. He participated in building the first billion-volt accelerator, the Brookhaven Cosmotron, which led to the introduction of the "strong-focusing" method that has in turn led to the very large accelerators and colliders of the present day. The problems of acceleration of spin-polarized protons are also addressed, with discussions of depolarizing resonances and "Siberian snakes" as a technique for mitigating these resonances. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Courant, ED (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2003 VL 53 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110450 PG 38 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 760CL UT WOS:000187793500002 ER PT J AU Lundberg, B Niwa, K Paolone, V AF Lundberg, B Niwa, K Paolone, V TI Observation of the tau neutrino SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE standard model; nuclear emulsion; high energy; tau neutrino interactions ID BEAM-DUMP EXPERIMENT; EMULSION ANALYSIS SYSTEM; HYBRID EXPERIMENT; SEARCH; OSCILLATIONS; LIMITS; TARGET AB The tau neutrino was the last standard-model fermion to be directly observed. We report on the strategy, design, and results of the DONuT experiment. The data were acquired at Fermilab during 1997, and in July 2000, the DONuT collaboration presented four tau-neutrino interactions. Modem nuclear-emulsion processing was the key technology that made it possible to detect the decay of tau leptons produced in charged-current interactions of tau neutrinos. The precision of the emulsion data and the speed of digitization enabled the use of novel methods to locate interaction vertices and search for decays in emulsion data. We also discuss the level of background in the tau signal, which is small enough to permit the identification of individual tau events with high confidence. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Lundberg, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2003 VL 53 BP 199 EP 218 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110555 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 760CL UT WOS:000187793500007 ER PT J AU Merminga, L Douglas, DR Krafft, GA AF Merminga, L Douglas, DR Krafft, GA TI High-current energy-recovering electron linacs SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE energy recovery; superconducting radiofrequency; recirculating accelerator; high average current ID JEFFERSON LAB FEL; RECIRCULATION SYSTEM; CEBAF; PERFORMANCE; RADIATION; OPERATION; FACILITY; COLLIDER AB The use of energy recovery provides a potentially powerful new paradigm for generation of the charged particle beams used in synchrotron radiation sources, high-energy electron cooling devices, electron-ion colliders, and other applications in photon science and nuclear and high-energy physics. Energy-recovering electron linear accelerators (called energy-recovering linacs, or ERLs) share many characteristics with ordinary linacs, as their six-dimensional beam phase space is largely determined by electron source properties. However, in common with classic storage rings, ERLs possess a high average-current-carrying capability enabled by the energy recovery process, and thus promise similar efficiencies. We discuss the concept of energy recovery and its technical challenges and describe the Jefferson Lab (JLab) Infrared Demonstration Free-Electron Laser (IR Demo FEL), originally driven by a 35-48-Mev, 5-mA superconducting radiofrequency (srf) ERL, which provided the most substantial demonstration of energy recovery to date: a beam of 250 kW average power. We present an overview of envisioned ERL applications and a development path to achieving the required performance. We use experimental data obtained at the JLab IR Demo FEL and recent experimental results from CEBAF-ER-a GeV-scale, comparatively low-current energy-recovery demonstration at JLab-to evaluate the feasibility of the new applications of high-current ERLs, as well as ERLs' limitations and ultimate performance. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Adv Studies Accelerators, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Merminga, L (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Adv Studies Accelerators, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 96 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2003 VL 53 BP 387 EP 429 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110456 PG 43 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 760CL UT WOS:000187793500012 ER PT J AU Burdman, G Shipsey, I AF Burdman, G Shipsey, I TI D-0-(D)over-bar(0) mixing and rare charm decays SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE flavor physics; flavor-changing neutral currents ID TOPCOLOR-ASSISTED TECHNICOLOR; CABIBBO-SUPPRESSED DECAYS; EFFECTIVE-FIELD-THEORY; WEAK RADIATIVE DECAYS; D-MESON DECAYS; CP VIOLATION; STANDARD MODEL; HEAVY-QUARK; LONG-DISTANCE; SYMMETRY-BREAKING AB We review the current status of flavor-changing neutral currents in the charm sector. We focus on the standard-model predictions and identify the main sources of theoretical uncertainties in both D-0-(D) over bar (0) mixing and rare charm decays. The potential of these observables for constraining short-distance physics in the standard model and its extensions is compromised by the presence of large nonperturbative effects. We examine the possible discovery windows in which short-distance physics can be tested and study the effects of various extensions to the standard model. The current experimental situation and future prospects are reviewed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Burdman, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM burdman@thsrv.lbl.gov; shipsey@physics.purdue.edu RI Burdman, Gustavo/D-3285-2012 NR 157 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2003 VL 53 BP 431 EP 499 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110348 PG 69 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 760CL UT WOS:000187793500013 ER PT J AU Drobny, GP Long, JR Karlsson, T Shaw, W Popham, J Oyler, N Bower, P Stringer, J Gregory, D Mehta, M Stayton, PS AF Drobny, GP Long, JR Karlsson, T Shaw, W Popham, J Oyler, N Bower, P Stringer, J Gregory, D Mehta, M Stayton, PS TI Structural studies of biomaterials using double-quantum solid-state NMR spectroscopy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE dipolar recoupling NMR; biocompatibility; biomineralization ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HUMAN SALIVARY STATHERIN; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE PRECIPITATION; RESIDUE CARBONYL CARBONS; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; ROTATING SOLIDS; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; PULSE SEQUENCE; POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS; PEPTIDE CONFORMATION AB Proteins directly control the nucleation and growth of biominerals, but the details of molecular recognition at the protein-biomineral interface remain poorly understood. The elucidation of recognition mechanisms at this interface may provide design principles for advanced materials development in medical and ceramic composites technologies. Here, we describe both the theory and practice of double-quantum solid-state NMR (ssNMR) structure-determination techniques, as they are used to determine the secondary structures of surface-adsorbed peptides and proteins. In particular, we have used ssNMR dipolar techniques to provide the first high-resolution structural and dynamic characterization of a hydrated biomineralization protein, salivary statherin, adsorbed to its biologically relevant hydroxyapatite (HAP) surface. Here, we also review NMR data on peptides designed to adsorb from aqueous solutions onto highly porous hydrophobic surfaces with specific helical secondary structures. The adsorption or covalent attachment of biological macromolecules onto polymer materials to improve their biocompatibility has been pursued using a variety of approaches, but key to understanding their efficacy is the verification of the structure and dynamics of the immobilized biomolecules using double-quantum ssNMR spectroscopy. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NIDDKD, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Varian Associates Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Quantum Magnet Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. RP Drobny, GP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM drobny@chem.washington.edu; stayton@u.washington.edu OI mehta, minesh/0000-0002-4812-5713 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 12554] NR 82 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 32 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2003 VL 54 BP 531 EP 571 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.54.011002.103903 PG 43 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 717MQ UT WOS:000185093900019 PM 12709513 ER PT J AU Katoh, S Hyodo, M Woldegabriel, G Hart, WK AF Katoh, S Hyodo, M Woldegabriel, G Hart, WK TI Chronostratigraphy and correlation of the latest Pliocene to Pleistocene sequences at Konso, Ethiopia. SO ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hyogo Museum Nat & Human Activ, Sanda, Japan. Kobe Univ, Res Ctr Inland Seas, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM katochan@hitohaku.jp NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC NIPPON PI TOKYO PA C/O GALILEO INC, URBAN-OHTSUKA BLDG, 3RD FL, 3-21-10 KITA-OHTSUKA, TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170-0004, JAPAN SN 0918-7960 EI 1348-8570 J9 ANTHROPOL SCI JI Anthropol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 647LD UT WOS:000181093500041 ER PT S AU Bilheux, JC Alton, GD Liu, Y Cole, JM Williams, C AF Bilheux, JC Alton, GD Liu, Y Cole, JM Williams, C BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI A universal method for effusive-flow characterization of target/vapor transport systems for RIB generation SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB Decay losses associated with the times required for diffusion-release from ISOL production targets and to effusively-flow to the ion source are principal means whereby short half-life radioactive species are lost between initial formation and utilization. We have developed an experimental method that can be used to determine effusive-flow times of arbitrary geometry target/vapor transport systems. The technique utilizes a fast valve to measure effusive-flow times as short as 0.1 ms for any chemically active or inactive species through any target system, independent of size, geometry and materials of construction. In this report, we describe the effusive-flow experimental arrangement and provide time spectra for noble gases through prototype RIB target/vapor-transport systems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bilheux, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Bilheux, Jean/A-2823-2016 OI Bilheux, Jean/0000-0003-2172-6487 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800056 ER PT S AU Zhang, Y Alton, GD AF Zhang, Y Alton, GD BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The design of highly-permeable, fast-diffusion-release high-power ISOL targets SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID BEAM AB In this report, we provide results of simulation studies for the design of fast diffusion-release high-power targets for RIB generation at high energy ISOL based facilities. Processes that lead to target heating (e.g., primary beam energy deposition, energy release through nuclear reactions and beam scattering effects) are accounted for in the simulations. From these studies, we find that internal thermal radiation is an important mechanism for heat redistribution in the low-density, small-dimensioned fibrous targets used in viable target designs and therefore, must be carefully taken into account. Such fragile, low thermal conductivity targets must withstand irradiation with greater than or equal to 100 kW beams for extended periods of time and therefore, care must be taken to avoid exceeding the limiting temperature of the target material while ensuring homogeneous temperature distribution over the volumes of these targets. Thermal radiation of high-temperature fibers to surrounding surfaces is an effective means for cooling targets subjected to high power beam irradiation, especially for materials with poor intrinsic thermal conductivities. Focus-through and scanning techniques, used in combination with additional heat shielding placed on the exit end of the target, are found to be effective means for reducing beam power deposition density to manageable levels, homogenizing the temperature distributions within such targets while avoiding devastating primary beam scattering losses during transit. Results derived from simulation studies of fibrous (e.g., ZrO2 and HfO2) and composite (e.g., BeO/W/RVCF, NbC/RVCF, Ta/RVCF and UC2/RVCF) targets subjected to irradiation with I GeV proton beams with power levels up to 400 kW, are presented in this report. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangy@mail.phy.ornl.gov; gda@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800059 ER PT S AU Ullmann, JL Reifarth, R Haight, RC Hunt, L O'Donnell, JM Rundberg, RS Bredeweg, TA Wilhelmy, JB Fowler, MM Vieira, DJ Wouters, JM Strottman, DD Kaeppeler, F Heil, M Chamberlin, EP AF Ullmann, JL Reifarth, R Haight, RC Hunt, L O'Donnell, JM Rundberg, RS Bredeweg, TA Wilhelmy, JB Fowler, MM Vieira, DJ Wouters, JM Strottman, DD Kaeppeler, F Heil, M Chamberlin, EP BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The detector for advanced neutron capture experiments at LANSCE SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB The Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE) is a 159-element 4pi barium fluoride array designed to study neutron capture on small quantities, 1 mg or less, of radioactive nuclides. It is being built on a 20 m neutron flight path which views the "upper tier" water moderator at the Manuel J. Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. The detector design is based on Monte Carlo calculations which have suggested ways to minimize backgrounds due to neutron scattering events. A data acquisition system based on fast transient digitizers is being implemented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Ullmann, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800064 ER PT S AU Haight, RC Rochman, D O'Donnell, JM Devlin, M AF Haight, RC Rochman, D O'Donnell, JM Devlin, M BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI New approaches to nuclear level densities through particle emission measurements SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID CROSS-SECTIONS; FLUCTUATIONS; SI-29 AB With the intense spallation neutron source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), new approaches to nuclear level densities are being explored through neutron-induced reactions and measurements of the resultant particle emission. This continuous-in-energy neutron source has been used to study Ericson fluctuations, charged-particle emission cross sections and spectra, gamma-ray production and, recently, neutron emission. Examples of each will be discussed. The FIGARO array of neutron and gamma-ray detectors has been developed in the past year to allow measurement of neutron emission in a "double time-of-flight" experiment. The incident neutron energy is determined by time-of-flight over a 21-meter flight path with gamma rays from the induced reaction. Neutron emission spectra from this reaction are then measured by time-of-flight over a flight path of typically 1 meter. Data on Si-28(n,n') are presented, and the relevance to determination of nuclear level densities is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM haight@lanl.gov RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800073 ER PT S AU Boyce, JR Benson, SV Bohn, CL Douglas, DR Dylla, HF Gubeli, JF Happek, U Jordan, K Krafft, GA Neil, GR Piot, P Shinn, MD Williams, GP AF Boyce, JR Benson, SV Bohn, CL Douglas, DR Dylla, HF Gubeli, JF Happek, U Jordan, K Krafft, GA Neil, GR Piot, P Shinn, MD Williams, GP BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The Jefferson lab sub-picosecond X-ray program SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; GENERATION; PULSES AB The kW-class infrared (IR) Free Electron Laser (FEL) at Jefferson Lab had the capability of producing intracavity Thomson scattering of the IR off the electron beam thus producing high average flux, sub-picosecond x-rays. We have measured these x-rays and demonstrated the energy tuneability range from 3.5 keV to 18 keV. The corresponding flux and brightness has been estimated and will be discussed. This year, 2002, the FEL was disassembled and has been reconfigured to produce 10 kW average power IR. We present the estimated x-ray capabilities for the new FEL and discuss potential applications. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Boyce, JR (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 325 EP 328 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800077 ER PT S AU McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL Vizkelethy, G Dodd, PE Rossi, P AF McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL Vizkelethy, G Dodd, PE Rossi, P BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI High LET single event upset cross sections for bulk and SOI CMOS SRAMs SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB Electronics in spacecraft and satellites are exposed to high-energy cosmic radiation. In addition, terrestrial radiation can also affect earth-based electronics. To study the effects of radiation upon integrated circuits and to insure the reliability of electronic devices, cosmic and terrestrial radiations are simulated with ion beams from particle accelerators. A new, higher Linear Energy Transfer (LET) acceleration system for heavy ions has been developed at Sandia National Laboratories. Heavy ions from a 6.5 MV EN tandem Van de Graaff accelerator at 0.25 MeV/amu are injected into a two-stage Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) linac, which accelerates the ions to 1.9 MeV/amu. These ions together with those from the Brookhaven National Laboratory MP Tandem have been used to measure single event upset (SEU) cross sections as a function of LET for both bulk and Silicon on Insulator (SOI) Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, Static Random Access Memories. The magnitudes of these cross sections indicate that the upsets in both the SOI and bulk parts are caused by OFF-drain strikes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ion Beam Mat Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McDaniel, FD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ion Beam Mat Res Lab, POB 5800,MS-1056, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 355 EP 358 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800084 ER PT S AU Antolak, AJ Morse, DH Grant, PG Sproch, N Fernando, Q AF Antolak, AJ Morse, DH Grant, PG Sproch, N Fernando, Q BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Spatially resolved, microscopic surface chemistry using megavolt energy focused ion beams SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID DESORPTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PIXE; PACKAGE AB We describe a new microscopy for performing chemical analysis in the near surface of a sample. A focused high-energy ion beam from an accelerator causes characteristic elemental x-rays to be emitted and, simultaneously, atomic and molecular ion species to be desorbed from the surface of the sample. Spectroscopic analysis of the fluoresced x-rays provides quantitative trace element information of the sample volume probed by the beam. The elemental data are subsequently used to identify and correlate peaks in the mass analysis of the desorbed species, thereby providing a detailed description of the local surface chemistry. High-resolution (micron-scale) chemical imaging is possible by scanning the beam over the sample. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Antolak, AJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 359 EP 363 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800085 ER PT S AU Rossi, P Doyle, BL Banks, JC Battistella, A Gennaro, G McDaniel, FD Mellon, M Vittone, E Vizkelethy, G Wing, ND AF Rossi, P Doyle, BL Banks, JC Battistella, A Gennaro, G McDaniel, FD Mellon, M Vittone, E Vizkelethy, G Wing, ND BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Single cell irradiation nuclear microscopy using a radioactive source SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB Irradiation of a single biological cell, instead of a whole tissue, with ions in a known number and position, is a powerful means to study very low dose biological effectiveness. Present methods employ accelerated ion beams which are 1) either collimated with micro-apertures and affected by a halo of 3-5 mum at best, or 2) focused to a sub-micron spot, whose resolution is degraded when extracted into air. We have studied the efficacy of a new micro-radiobiological method, originally developed for materials research. This new approach uses an IPEM, Ion Photon Emission Microscope, which employs a specially shaped Po-210 alpha particle source for in-air irradiation. Alpha particles strike the cells, which are previously grown directly on a 10-20 pm thick scintillating plastic blade and placed in the focal plane of a conventional optical microscope. Photons produced at the single ion impact point are projected at high magnification onto a single-photon position sensitive detector, which provides the position of each ion that hits the cells. Adequacy of this setup for Single Cell Radio-Biology will be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rossi, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 364 EP 368 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800086 ER PT S AU Hickmott, DD Stimac, J Larocque, ACL Wetteland, C Brearley, A AF Hickmott, DD Stimac, J Larocque, ACL Wetteland, C Brearley, A BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Micro-PIXE analysis of trace elements in sulfides SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID PYRRHOTITE; PENNSYLVANIA; DEPOSITS; COPPER; SULFUR; RATIOS; MELT; COAL AB Micro-scale Proton-induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) of trace elements (TE) in sulfides provides insights into geologic processes including magmatic system evolution, ore forming events, and fluid-flow processes. The Los Alamos nuclear microprobe was used to determine TE concentrations and ratios in sulfides from diverse geologic environments including hydrothermal ore deposits, coal seams, and metamorphic rocks. Pyrrhotite (Po) from silicic volcanics contains high Cu and Ni; Po from the Clear Lake volcanic field has higher Mo than does Po from other volcanic fields. Coal pyrites contain high Cu, As, Se, Mo and Pb, and show high As/Se and Mo/Se in marine influenced sulfides from the Lower Kittanning coal, but not in other marine-influenced coals. Sulfides are amenable to micro-PIXE studies because of the difficulties in obtaining the homogeneous standards required for many other TE microanalytical techniques. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hickmott, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hickmott, Donald/C-2886-2011 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 440 EP 443 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800104 ER PT S AU Glade, SC Asoka-Kumar, P Nieh, TG Sterne, PA AF Glade, SC Asoka-Kumar, P Nieh, TG Sterne, PA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Bulk materials analysis using high-energy positron beams SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID FREE-VOLUME CHANGES; METALLIC-GLASS; ANNIHILATION; ALLOY AB This article reviews some recent materials analysis results using high-energy positron beams at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We are combining positron lifetime and orbital electron momentum spectroscopic methods to provide electron number densities and electron momentum distributions around positron annihilation sites. Topics covered include the correlation of positron annihilation characteristics with structural and mechanical properties of bulk metallic glasses and compositional studies of embrittling features in nuclear reactor pressure vessel steel. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glade, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-280, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 493 EP 498 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800116 ER PT S AU Shapira, D Lewis, TA AF Shapira, D Lewis, TA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The detection of low-intensity beams at the holifield radioactive ion beam facility (HRIBF) SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID PROFILE MONITOR; GAS IONIZATION; HEAVY-IONS AB Beam diagnostic devices suitable for radioactive beam detection developed and implemented at HRIBF are described. These detectors are suited to measure low-intensity beams and can be used for tuning beams with intensities ranging from a few counts/sec to a few million particles/sec. The detectors can be used with heavy-ion beams at energies ranging from several keV*A to several MeV*A. The performance of these detectors, as well as future enhancement, will be presented. A variety of these detectors combined in different configurations have bean used at HRIBF for applications including beam profiling, beam timing, beam counting, and tagging isobars in the beam. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shapira, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 545 EP 549 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800126 ER PT S AU Lee, IY AF Lee, IY BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Status of GRETA SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID SPECTROMETER; DETECTORS AB A gamma-ray energy tracking array (GRETA) consisting of a shell of highly segmented Ge detectors is a new concept for the detection of gamma radiation. In such an array, the individual interactions of all the gamma rays are identified by their energies and positions. Then, using tracking algorithms based on the properties of gamma ray interactions the scattering sequences are reconstructed. GRETA will give high peak efficiency, peak-to-background ratio, and position resolution. Progress has been made in four key areas of development; 1) the manufacture of segmented detectors, 2) a data processing system to digitize the signals, 3) signal processing methods for determining energy, time, and position from pulse shape, and 4) a tracking algorithm to identify interaction points belonging to a particular gamma ray. These technical advances have demonstrated that the construction of a gamma ray energy-tracking array is feasible, and a plan for constructing a US array is in place. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, IY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 557 EP 560 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800129 ER PT S AU Gao, F Weber, WJ AF Gao, F Weber, WJ BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Atomic modeling of defects, defect generation and multiple ion-solid interactions SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Understanding dynamic processes during ion-implantation requires fundamental knowledge on defect properties, defect generation in atomic collision processes and multiple ion-solid interactions. The defect properties calculated using density functional theory (DFT) in SiC are consistent with multi-axial channeling measurements. Molecular dynamics (MD) methods have been employed to study defect generation and clustering due to ion interactions with SiC and structural evolution. The surviving defects are dominated by C interstitials and vacancies, and the number and size of clusters are very small, in agreement with those observed experimentally. The multiple ion-solid interaction, defect accumulation and disordering on Si and C sublattices are studied by simulating a large number of cascade overlap events. The damage accumulation, relative disordering and volume swelling obtained experimentally and from molecular dynamic simulations are in good agreement. Thus, the present studies provide atomic-level insights into the interpretation of experimentally observed features in SiC. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 575 EP 578 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800132 ER PT S AU Morse, DH Antolak, AJ AF Morse, DH Antolak, AJ BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Fabricating microstructures by MeV proton beam micromachining SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID LITHOGRAPHY; MICROPROBE AB Proton beam micromachining (PBM) can be used to produce high aspect ratio microstructures in PMMA, similar to LIGA. For example, the range of 3-MeV protons in PMMA is approximately 120 microns, the beam can be focused to approximately 1 micron spot size, and structures with aspect ratios around 100 are possible. Patterns are created by directly writing with a focused ion beam that is scanned over the resist. We have found that achieving smooth walls is closely related to uniform dose and beam spot size. This paper describes our electrostatic rastering system and a method of controlling pixel-to-pixel exposure by integrating the sample current. We present our experimental results and process improvements for achieving high quality microstructures using PBM. We also show examples of complex (multilayered and tilted) parts created by direct writing and microstructures formed by alternative proton beam lithographies (shadow mask). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Morse, DH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 625 EP 629 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800144 ER PT S AU Monteiro, OR Delplancke-Ogletree, MP AF Monteiro, OR Delplancke-Ogletree, MP BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Engineering properties of superhard films with ion energy and post-deposition processing SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID CATHODIC-ARC DEPOSITION; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; VACUUM-ARC; THERMAL-STABILITY; IMPLANTATION; PLASMA AB Recent developments in plasma synthesis of hard materials using energetic ions are described. Metal Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition (MePIIID) has been used to prepare several hard films: from diamondlike carbon (DLC) to carbides, from nitrides to oxides. The energy of the depositing species is controlled to maximize adhesion as well as to change the physical and chemical properties of the films. Adhesion is promoted by the creation of a graded interface between the film and the substrate. The energy of the depositing ions is also used to modify and control the intrinsic stresses and the microstructure of the films. The deposition is carried out at room temperature, which is important for temperature sensitive substrates. A correlation between intrinsic stresses and the energetics of the deposition is presented for the case of DLC films, and means to reduce stress levels are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Monteiro, OR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 630 EP 634 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800145 ER PT S AU Greene, JP Gabor, R Heinz, A AF Greene, JP Gabor, R Heinz, A BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Calculations of damage to rotating targets under intense beams for super-heavy element production SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB In the production of the heaviest elements, the cross-sections for evaporation residues are very small, which, in turn, requires the usage of intense beams. Hence, the targets used tend to exhibit shortened lifetimes as beam currents are raised. Tightly focused beams on stationary targets of modest melting point and/or high sputtering yield material will eventually melt or destroy the target. Defocused or "wobbled" beams enhance target survival only to a modest degree. Rotating the target on a wheel can overcome target melting, and using, in addition, a low sputtering rate material as a covering layer can address this issue and allow for higher beam currents to be used for experiments. The purpose of the calculations done for this work is to attempt to predict the safe range of beam currents allowable, i.e. currents which produce heat loads below the melting point of the target. Materials with favorable sputtering rates and thermal properties are also examined. Calculations of the heating and sputtering these targets can withstand will show the safe limits to which they may be exposed and still survive. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Greene, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 775 EP 780 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800177 ER PT S AU Taylor, A Carty, J AF Taylor, A Carty, J BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Fiscal year 2003 changes to the US Department of Energy Isotope Programs SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB The new fiscal year has brought changes to the Department of Energy's Isotopes Program: a new protocol for research isotopes and a new isotope production facility, which will be operational in late 2003. The Nuclear Energy Protocol for Research Isotopes (NEPRI) is a formal process for selecting research isotopes to be manufactured and distributed during each fiscal year. According to NEPRI, researchers must request production of needed isotopes, describe the research in which the isotope will be used, and the importance of the isotope to the research. The NEPRI committee selects the isotopes by reviewing responses and ranking the research by merit. A new Isotope Production Facility (IPF) is under construction at Los Alamos National Laboratory. IPF will restore the laboratory's isotope production capability, which has been unavailable since 1998. The new facility will operate at an energy of 100 MeV, a current of 250 Tramps, and have a capacity to irradiate three targets simultaneously. C1 US DOE, Off Nucl Energy Sci & Technol, Isotope Programs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), US DOE, Off Nucl Energy Sci & Technol, Isotope Programs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 808 EP 810 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800184 ER PT S AU Moss, CE Goulding, CA Hollas, CL Myers, WL AF Moss, CE Goulding, CA Hollas, CL Myers, WL BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Linear accelerator-based active interrogation for detection of highly enriched uranium SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB Photofissions were induced in samples of highly enriched uranium (HEU) with masses up to 22 kg using bremsstrahlung photons from a pulsed 10-MeV electron linear accelerator (linac). Neutrons were detected between pulses by large He-3 detectors, and the data were analyzed with the Feynman variance-to-mean method. The effects of shielding materials, such as lead and polyethylene, and the variation of the counting rate with distance for several configurations were measured. For comparison, a beryllium block was inserted in the beam to produce neutrons that were also used for interrogation. Because both high-energy photons and neutrons are very penetrating, both approaches can be used to detect shielded HEU; the choice of approach depends on the details of the configuration and the shielding. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moss, CE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Technol Grp, NIS-6,MS J562, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 900 EP 904 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800204 ER PT S AU Yoon, WY Jones, JL Haskell, KJ Norman, DR AF Yoon, WY Jones, JL Haskell, KJ Norman, DR BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Photo nuclear-based explosive detection system optimizations SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) has developed a photoneutron-based nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique that uses a pulsed, high energy (2- to 12-MeV) electron accelerator and a customized high-purity germanium-based gamma-ray spectroscopy system. This NDE technique is being applied to the detection of nitrogen-containing explosives. Each pulse of electrons produces highly penetrating bremsstrahlung photons. Interrogating neutrons are generated by the bremsstrahlung photons interacting within a photoneutron source. The interaction of these interrogating neutrons with an object-of-interest generates elemental characteristic gamma rays. Spectrometry is performed between accelerator pulses by analyzing these neutron-capture gamma rays. Calculations have been performed to study the neutron production in the D2O converter and the subsequent N-14 neutron capture reactions in the chemical explosive simulant drum, the effectiveness of the neutron reflector and moderator, and the N-14 neutron capture reactions in the air. Measurements were made with the simulant drum and the results were compared with the numerical results. Correlating the numerical studies, experimental results, and the accelerator parameters will help optimize the system. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Yoon, WY (reprint author), INEEL, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 909 EP 912 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800206 ER PT S AU Wielopolski, L Thieberger, P Alessi, J Brondo, J Vartskya, D Sredniawskis, J AF Wielopolski, L Thieberger, P Alessi, J Brondo, J Vartskya, D Sredniawskis, J BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Gamma resonance technology for detection of explosives, revisited SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID BODY-COMPOSITION; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING AB The physical principles of the gamma nuclear resonance absorptiometry have been laid down quite sometime ago and have been used in many laboratories for studying nuclear structure. In the late eighties and during the nineties it become apparent that gamma nuclear resonance methodology can be implemented for elemental analysis in industrial environment. Specifically extensive work has been published for detection of nitrogen. However, this progress was hampered by lack of intense gamma sources that would interact resonantly with nitrogen. Recent advances in production gamma resonance beams justify revisit of the Gamma Resonance Technology as a viable tool for explosives and drug interception in large cargo containers. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Bldg 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 919 EP 923 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800208 ER PT S AU Lisowski, PW AF Lisowski, PW BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Basic and applied research at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, or LANSCE, is an accelerator-based national user facility for research in basic and applied science. At present LANSCE has two experimental areas primarily using neutrons generated by 800-MeV protons striking tungsten target systems. A third area uses the proton beam for radiography. This paper describes the three LANSCE experimental areas, gives highlights of the past operating period, and discusses plans for the future. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lisowski, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H848,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 953 EP 955 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800216 ER PT S AU McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL Rossi, P Buller, DL Hamm, RW Schone, H AF McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL Rossi, P Buller, DL Hamm, RW Schone, H BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The tandem-RFQ Linac booster at Sandia National Laboratories SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB A booster linac based on the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ linac) has been put into routine operation on the 6.5 MV EN tandem accelerator at the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Ion Beam Materials Research Lab (IBMRL) for Radiation Effects Microscopy (REM) experiments with high energy, heavy ion beams. The booster linac consists of two RFQ stages that accelerate heavy ions with m/q < 8 from 0.25 MeV/amu up to 1.22 MeV/amu in the first stage and to 1.90 MeV/amu in the second stage to produce high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) ions for REM. This RFQ linac has a total length of 6.0 meters and is installed on a new experimental beam line at the SNL IBMRL to measure single-event upset (SEU) cross-sections of integrated circuits (ICs) and to perform radiation hardness research using REM with the associated Ion Electron Emission Microscope (IEEM). This paper presents the recent beam measurement results from operation of the RFQ linac with beams from silicon to gold and compares these results with theoretical beam dynamics calculations. It also describes the details of the experiments to measure SEU cross-sections and TEEM. * F.D. McDaniel was at Sandia National Laboratories on a faculty sabbatical from the University of North Texas. (#) P. Rossi is at Sandia National Laboratories on a faculty sabbatical leave from the University of Padova and INFN, Italy. ($) H. Schone was a Post Doctoral Fellow at SNL at the time the RFQ was developed, and is now at the AFRL. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ion Beam Mat Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McDaniel, FD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ion Beam Mat Res Lab, POB 5800,MS 1056, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 986 EP 990 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800223 ER PT S AU Ostroumov, PN AF Ostroumov, PN BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Development of low charge-to-mass ratio post-accelerator for the RIA project SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB A post-accelerator for rare isotopes (RIB linac) which must produce high-quality beams of radioactive ions over the full mass range, including uranium, at energies above the coulomb barrier is being developed for the U.S. RIA facility. To provide highest possible intensity of rare isotopes with masses from 6 to 240, the linac will accept all ions in the 1divided by charge state. A high resolution separator for purifying beams at the isobaric level precedes the RIB linac. Charge stripping in the linac takes place at two stages: helium gas stripping at energies of a few tens of keV/u, and an additional foil stripping at similar to680-1700 keV/u for the heavier ions. The RIB linac will utilize existing superconducting heavy-ion linac technology for all but one exceptional piece, a very-low-charge-state injector, which is needed for the first similar to9 MV of the accelerator. This section consists of a pre-buncher followed by three sections of cw, normally-conducting RFQ. The first section is a conventional RFQ operating at 12 MHz. The following two sections are hybrid RFQs operating at 12 and 24 MHz. A 1:2 scale cold model of 12 MHz RFQ was built and it is being studied in order to determine final specifications for the full power 12 MHz hybrid RFQ. This paper reports on the present status of the RIB linac development with particular attention paid to the very-low-charge-state injector section. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ostroumov, PN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 1003 EP 1007 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800227 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Cole, JM Reed, CA Williams, CL Alton, GD AF Liu, Y Cole, JM Reed, CA Williams, CL Alton, GD BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI A multi-sample Cs-sputter negative ion source for (BeO-)-Be-7 generation SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB A multi-sample Cs-sputter negative ion source has been evaluated for generating (BeO-)-Be-7 beams for measuring the nuclear-astrophysically important Be-7(p,gamma)B-8 reaction at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. The design features and operational parameters of the source are described and measured efficiencies for forming beams of Ni-, C- and MgO- and estimated efficiencies for generating beams of BeO- for the proposed experiment are presented in this report. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liuy@ornl.gov; gda@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 1017 EP 1021 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800230 ER PT S AU Sherman, JD Rouleau, G AF Sherman, JD Rouleau, G BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI New developments with H- sources SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID CHARGE-EXCHANGE INJECTION; SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE; NEGATIVE HYDROGEN-IONS; MULTICUSP SOURCE; ELECTRON-IMPACT; LOW-ENERGY; DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; PLASMA; OPTIMIZATION AB Existing spallation neutron source upgrades, planned spallation neutron sources, and high-energy accelerators for particle physics place demanding requirements on the H- sources. These requirements ask for increased beam currents and duty factor (df) while generally maintaining state-of-the art H- source emittance. A variety of H- sources are being developed to address these challenges. These include volume sources with and without the addition of cesium for enhanced H- production, increased df cesiated H- Penning and magnetron sources, and cesiated surface converter H- sources. Research on surface films of tantalum metal for enhanced volume H- production is also being studied. Innovative plasma production techniques to address the longer df requirement without sacrificing H- source reliability and lifetime will be reviewed. The physical bases, the goals, and perceived challenges will be discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sherman, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 1038 EP 1045 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800235 ER PT S AU Smedley, J Srinivasan-Rao, T Tsang, T Farrell, JP Batchelor, K AF Smedley, J Srinivasan-Rao, T Tsang, T Farrell, JP Batchelor, K BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Performance data of a pulsed power photo-injector SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS AB There has been a lot of interest in compact sources of high brightness, relativistic electron beams. One approach for developing such a source is to apply a high gradient that remains constant during the generation and acceleration of the electron beam. In this paper, we describe high voltage pulse generators that deliver up to 5 MV with 1 ns pulse duration. These devices are synchronizable to an external trigger with jitter of similar to 0.5 ns and can establish gradients in excess of 1 GV/m between two electrodes without breakdown. In the presence of field gradients up to 0.5 GV/m, electron beams of bunch lengths ranging from 1 ns to 0.3 ps and diameter < 300 mum have been generated by irradiating the cathode with UV lasers. Characteristics of these electron beams as well as those produced via field emission at gradients up to 1 GV/m will be discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Smedley, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 1054 EP 1057 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800238 ER PT S AU Bilheux, H Alton, GD Liu, Y Meyer, FW Cole, JM Reed, CA Williams, CL AF Bilheux, H Alton, GD Liu, Y Meyer, FW Cole, JM Reed, CA Williams, CL BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Initial testing of the 6 GHz, all-permanent magnet, "volume-type" ECR ion source SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID FREQUENCY; DESIGN AB A 6 GHz, all-permanent magnet, "volume-type" Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source has been initially tested at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The source has the following design properties: (1) an A1 plasma chamber; (2) a mechanically adjustable, flat-bottomed mirror magnetic field distribution tuned to the ECR condition; (3) a dodecapole cusp-magnet for radial plasma confinement; (4) a Right-Hand-Circularly-Polarized (RHCP) traveling wave RF injection system, (5) a movable three-electrode extraction system, and (6) facility for conversion into a conventional minimum-B magnetic field "surface" source configuration. Details of the source design, magnetic field distribution, operational parameters and initial results derived from first operation of the source (e.g., charge state spectra and intensity distributions for a given charge state) are provided for argon. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zaim@mail.phy.ornl.gov; gda@ornl.gov RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 1058 EP 1062 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800239 ER PT S AU Schueller, MJ Nickles, RJ Roberts, AD Jensen, M AF Schueller, MJ Nickles, RJ Roberts, AD Jensen, M BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Production and extraction of [C-10]-CO2 from proton bombardment of molten (B2O3)-B-10 SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 12-16, 2002 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV N TEXAS ID DIOXIDE AB This work describes the production of C-10 (t(1/2) = 19 s) from an enriched (B2O3)-B-10 target using a CTI RDS-112 11 MeV proton cyclotron. Proton beam heating is used to raise the target to a molten state (similar to 1300 degreesC), enabling the activity to diffuse to the surface of the melt. An infrared thermocouple monitors the melt temperature. Helium sweep gas then transports the activity to flow-through chemistry processing for human inhalation of (CO2)-C-10 for blood flow imaging with Positron Emission Tomography. The temperature-related diffusion of activity out of the white-hot molten glass target is discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schueller, MJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Jensen, Mikael/I-8358-2012 OI Jensen, Mikael/0000-0002-9109-2187 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0149-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 680 BP 1094 EP 1097 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BX88G UT WOS:000186713800247 ER PT S AU Eads, DR Williams, SJ Theiler, J Porter, R Harvey, NR Perkins, SJ Brumby, SP David, NA AF Eads, DR Williams, SJ Theiler, J Porter, R Harvey, NR Perkins, SJ Brumby, SP David, NA BE Bosacchi, B Fogel, DB Bezdek, JC TI A Multimodal approach to feature extraction for image and signal learning problems SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF NEURAL NETWORKS, FUZZY SYSTEMS, AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications and Science of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems and Evolutionary Computation VI CY AUG 05-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE machine learning; support vector machines; genetic programming; remote sensing; image processing; time series analysis; lightning; classification; regression; automated feature extraction ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; FEATURE CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHMS AB We present ZEUS, an algorithm for extracting features from images and time series signals. ZEUS is designed to solve a variety of machine learning problems including time series forecasting, signal classification, image and pixel classification of multispectral. and panchromatic imagery. An evolutionary approach is used to extract features from a near-infinite space of possible combinations of nonlinear operators. Each problem type (i.e. signal or image, regression or classification, multiclass or binary) has its own set of primitive operators. We employ fairly generic operators, but note that the choice of which operators to use provides an opportunity to consult with a domain expert. Each feature is produced from a composition of some subset of these primitive operators. The fitness for an evolved set of features is given by the performance of a back-end classifier (or regressor) on training data. We demonstrate our multimodal approach to feature extraction on a variety of problems in remote sensing. The performance of this algorithm will be compared to standard approaches, and the relative benefit of various aspects of the algorithm will be investigated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Eads, DR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5073-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5200 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.506611 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BY33J UT WOS:000188942200007 ER PT S AU Yocky, DA Jakowatz, CV AF Yocky, DA Jakowatz, CV BE Tescher, AG TI Automated wide-angle SAR stereo height extraction in rugged terrain using shift-scaling correlation SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXVI CY AUG 05-08, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE spotlight-mode SAR; stereo SAR; image registration; DEM; correlation; automation AB Coherent stereo pairs from cross-track synthetic aperture radar (SAR) collects allow fully automated correlation matching using magnitude and phase data. Yet, automated feature matching (correspondence) becomes more difficult when imaging rugged terrain utilizing large stereo crossing angle geometries because high-relief features can undergo significant spatial distortions. These distortions sometimes cause traditional, shift-only correlation matching to fail. This paper presents a possible solution addressing this difficulty. Changing the complex correlation maximization search from shift-only to shift- and-scaling using the downhill simplex method results in higher correlation. This is shown on eight coherent spotlight-mode cross-track stereo pairs with stereo crossing angles averaging 93.7degrees collected over terrain with slopes greater than 20degrees. The resulting digital elevation maps (DEMs) are compared to ground truth. Using the shift-scaling correlation approach to calculate disparity, height errors decrease and the number of reliable DEM posts increase. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yocky, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5076-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5203 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.502706 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY15A UT WOS:000187950200002 ER PT S AU Ding, SY Adney, WS Vinzant, TB Decker, SR Baker, JO Thomas, SR Himmel, ME AF Ding, SY Adney, WS Vinzant, TB Decker, SR Baker, JO Thomas, SR Himmel, ME BE Mansfield, SD Saddler, JN TI Glycoside hydrolase gene cluster of Acidothermus cellulolyticus SO APPLICATIONS OF ENZYMES TO LIGNOCELLULOSICS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Applications of Enzymes to Lignocellulosics held at the 223rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Chem Soc ID SEQUENCE-BASED CLASSIFICATION; ENDOGLUCANASE; CONTAINS; E1 AB We previously reported a highly thermostable endoglucanase El from culture filtrates of Acidothermus cellulolyticus (U.S. Patent 5,536,655). In this study, additional 13-kb A. cellulolyticus genomic DNA downstream of El was sequenced by using genomic library screening, primer walking and two-step inverse PCR techniques. Sequence analysis has revealed a glycoside hydrolase gene cluster, which contains at least five open reading frames (ORFs), encoding EI (Ce15A), Ce16ACell2A, Ce15B, Ce148A and Ce174A. Based on the sequence homology of deduced amino acid sequence, Ce16A-Cel12A contains two catalytic domains, glycoside hydrolase family 6 and 12 (GH6 and GH12), and two Carbohydrate-Binding Modules (CBM) belonging to families 2 and family 3, respectively. Ce15B contains a GH5 catalytic domain at its N-terminal and family 2 and 3 CBM at its C-terminal. Ce148A contains a family 3 CBM, a GH48 and a family 2 CBM domains. Ce174A contains a GH74 and a family 3 CBM. The catalytic domains of all these enzymes have been cloned and expressed in E. coli. The characterization of expressed enzymes is ongoing. These novel potential thermostable enzymes found in this study may prove useful in biomass conversion and other industrial applications. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Biotechnol Div Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ding, SY (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Biotechnol Div Fuels & Chem, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Ding, Shi-You/O-1209-2013 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3831-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2003 VL 855 BP 332 EP 360 DI 10.1021/bk-2003-0855.ch020 PG 29 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science GA BX24S UT WOS:000184737200020 ER PT S AU Adney, WS Chou, YC Decker, SR Ding, SY Baker, JO Kunkel, G Vinzant, TB Himmel, ME AF Adney, WS Chou, YC Decker, SR Ding, SY Baker, JO Kunkel, G Vinzant, TB Himmel, ME BE Mansfield, SD Saddler, JN TI Heterologous expression of Trichoderma reesei 1,4-beta-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase (Cel 7A) SO APPLICATIONS OF ENZYMES TO LIGNOCELLULOSICS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Enzymes to Lignocellulosics held at the 223rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID DISULFIDE BOND FORMATION; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PICHIA-PASTORIS; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN; EVOLUTION; DSBC; CELLULOSE; MEMBRANE AB Cellobiohydrolase I (Ce17A) from Trichoderma reesei is generally recognized as being the most important enzyme in the construction of engineered component cellulase systems designed for hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. We previously reported that full-length T reesei Ce17A can be expressed from E. coli or P. Pastoris, however the enzyme was either produced as insoluble inclusion bodies or hyperglycosylated respectively. In this study, we report the expression of active and stable full length Ce17A from transformed A. awamori and insect cells, and additional attempts to produce active soluble enzyme in E. coli. From this and previous work, we have concluded that E. coli and P. pastoris are unsuitable for expression of full length or the catalytic domain of Ce17A for the purpose of conducting site-directed-mutagenesis. We compare the activity kinetics and thermal denaturation properties of two forms of recombinant and the wild type T reesei Ce17A. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Biotechnol Div Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Adney, WS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Biotechnol Div Fuels & Chem, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Ding, Shi-You/O-1209-2013 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3831-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 855 BP 403 EP 437 DI 10.1021/bk-2003-0855.ch023 PG 35 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Materials Science GA BX24S UT WOS:000184737200023 ER PT B AU Field, RV Grigoriu, M Wojtkiewicz, SF AF Field, RV Grigoriu, M Wojtkiewicz, SF BE DerKiureghian, A Madanat, S Pestana, JM TI Probabilistic model selection for systems with design constraints SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering CY JUL 06-09, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP CERRA DE model selection; random variables; stochastic processes; Bayesian analysis; decision theory AB A method is developed for selecting the optimal member from a collection of competing probabilistic models. Each model in the collection is consistent with available data and any knowledge of the physics being modeled. The competing models are assumed to have known functional form with unknown parameters. A performance criterion is used to select the optimal model within the collection. It is shown that, in the context of design, the chosen model is conservative, even if available information is limited. A Bayesian framework is used for analysis. A fixed-length, simple beam consisting of random flexibility and subject to a stochastic load is used for illustration. Two collections of probabilistic models are postulated: one for the beam flexibility, and one for the stochastic load. The tip deflection of the beam is the performance metric of interest. The optimal member from each collection is selected under the condition that the maximum tip deflection of the beam must remain below a critical value with a specified reliability. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Field, RV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Field, Richard/K-6468-2013 OI Field, Richard/0000-0002-2765-7032 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-004-8 PY 2003 BP 435 EP 442 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BY74S UT WOS:000189453300058 ER PT B AU Moriarty, PJ Holley, WE AF Moriarty, PJ Holley, WE BE DerKiureghian, A Madanat, S Pestana, JM TI Using probabilistic models in wind turbine design SO APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering CY JUL 06-09, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP CERRA DE wind energy; probabilistic design; fatigue loading; moment-based methods AB Probabilistic methods for extrapolating fatigue damage and predicting fatigue lifetime were found to be useful in the design of two different 1.5 MW wind turbines. Rainflow counted cyclic amplitudes from time series simulations were adjusted using a Goodman correction to account for nonzero cyclic midpoint values. Short-term probability distributions using data from the combination of nine 10-minute simulations were found to be statistically similar to data from an aggregate of 300 simulations. Using a threshold value of 99th percentile of the amplitude distribution greatly improved the accuracy of the fit in following the trend in the tail of the data. Long-term distributions of the number of cycles above a load level were calculated and showed that out-of-plane blade bending loads produced the largest amplitude cycles. These bending loads were used to estimate the lifetime of both turbines under the assumption of fixed ultimate bending strength. Lifetimes were not found to decrease significantly when accounting for the tail of the fitted distribution above the 99% threshold. The lifetimes, however, did vary greatly with the value of the material fatigue exponent. A simplified method for calculating lifetimes using an elevated turbulence intensity produced slightly conservative results relative to the full distribution method and reduced the number of simulations required significantly. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Moriarty, PJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5966-004-8 PY 2003 BP 1615 EP 1621 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BY74S UT WOS:000189453300214 ER PT J AU Kennedy, CA Carpenter, MH AF Kennedy, CA Carpenter, MH TI Additive Runge-Kutta schemes for convection-diffusion-reaction equations SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC SYSTEMS; IMPLICIT EXPLICIT METHODS; STARTING ALGORITHMS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; STIFF PROBLEMS; ERROR; IMPLEMENTATION; ORDER; ODES; STRATEGIES AB Additive Runge-Kutta (ARK) methods are investigated for application to the spatially discretized one-dimensional convection-diffusion-reaction (CDR) equations. Accuracy, stability, conservation, and dense-output are first considered for the general case when N different Runge-Kutta methods are grouped into a single composite method. Then, implicit-explicit, (N = 2), additive Runge-Kutta (ARK(2)) methods from third- to fifth-order are presented that allow for integration of stiff terms by an L-stable, stiffly-accurate explicit, singly diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta (ESDIRK) method while the nonstiff terms are integrated with a traditional explicit Runge-Kutta method (ERK). Coupling error terms of the partitioned method are of equal order to those of the elemental methods. Derived ARK(2) methods have vanishing stability functions for very large values of the stiff scaled eigenvalue, z([I]) --> -infinity, and retain high stability efficiency in the absence of stiffness, z([I]) --> 0. Extrapolation-type stage-value predictors are provided based on dense-output formulae. Optimized methods minimize both leading order ARK(2) error terms and Butcher coefficient magnitudes as well as maximize conservation properties. Numerical tests of the new schemes on a CDR problem show negligible stiffness leakage and near classical order convergence rates. However, tests on three simple singular-perturbation problems reveal generally predictable order reduction. Error control is best managed with a PID-controller. While results for the fifth-order method are disappointing, both the new third- and fourth-order methods are at least as efficient as existing ARK(2) methods. (C) 2002 IMACS. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeronaut & Aeroacoust Methods Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cakenne@ca.sandia.gov NR 77 TC 223 Z9 231 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 EI 1873-5460 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 181 AR PII S0168-9274(02)00138-1 DI 10.1016/S0168-9274(02)00138-1 PG 43 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 633ZD UT WOS:000180314200009 ER PT J AU Di Rosa, MD Crane, SG Kitten, JJ Taylor, WA Vieira, DJ Zhao, X AF Di Rosa, MD Crane, SG Kitten, JJ Taylor, WA Vieira, DJ Zhao, X TI Magneto-optical trap and mass-separator system for the ultra-sensitive detection of Cs-135 and Cs-137 SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ISOTOPE SHIFT; VAPOR CELL; ATOM TRAP; SPECTROMETRY; RADIOACTIVITY; CESIUM-137; SAMPLES; TRACER; RATIOS AB We report the first magneto-optical trapping of radioactive Cs-135 and Cs-137 and a promising means for detecting these isotopes at ultra-sensitive levels by coupling a magneto-optical trap (MOT) to a mass separator. A sample containing both isotopes was placed in the source of a mass separator, ionized, mass-separated, and implanted in a Zr foil within the trapping cell. After implantation, atoms were released from the foil by inductive heating and then captured in a MOT that used large-diameter beams and a dry-film-coated cell to achieve high trapping efficiency. Trapped-atom numbers in the case of either isotope ranged from 10(4) to 10(7), as determined from the MOT fluorescence signal. Over this trapped-atom range, the MOT fluorescence signal was found to increase linearly with the number of atoms implanted in the foil and without isotopic bias to within 4%. In principle, this method can then provide a measurement of the Cs-137/Cs-135 ratio accurate to within 4% through the direct ratio of MOT fluorescence signals. The fluorescence signal from stable Cs-133, when implanted and released from the foil, was suppressed relative to MOT signals by more than seven orders of magnitude when the system was tuned to trap Cs-135 or Cs-137. When combined with the isotopic selectivity of greater than or equal to10(5) for the mass separator, the overall suppression of Cs-133 is expected to exceed 10(12). At present our system delivers atoms from sample to MOT with an efficiency of 0.5%, has a trapped-atom detection limit of 4000 atoms, and achieves a sample-detection sensitivity of one million atoms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Di Rosa, MD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mdd@lanl.gov NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 76 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s00340-002-1063-9 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 770RM UT WOS:000188744700008 ER PT J AU Todd, AC Moshier, EL Arnold, M Aro, A Chettle, DR McNeill, FE Nie, HL Fleming, DEB Stronach, IM AF Todd, AC Moshier, EL Arnold, M Aro, A Chettle, DR McNeill, FE Nie, HL Fleming, DEB Stronach, IM TI Corrections to "How to calculate lead concentration and concentration uncertainty in XRF in vivo bone lead analysis" by Kondrashov and Rothenberg SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Letter ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; BLOOD LEAD; HUMAN TISSUES; VARIABILITY; PREGNANCY; SMELTER; BURDEN; INDEX AB Kondrashov and Rothenberg (Appl. Radiat. Isot. 55 (2001) 799) have published "a substantial correction for calculating estimates of lead concentration and uncertainty for in vivo X-ray fluorescent bone analysis with Cd-109 source" (sic). Our paper shows that their correction fails to consider two important points that render it (i) a correction to a superseded method and (ii) of limited effect. Also, their approach to a "crude" estimate produces measurement uncertainties that are implausibly small. In order that they not be propagated in the literature, our paper also corrects several misstatements and errors in Kondrashov and Rothenberg. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. McMaster Univ, Med Phys & Appl Radiat Sci Unit, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Univ Vermont, Dept Biomed Technol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Phys Med, Birmingham B15 2TH, W Midlands, England. RP Todd, AC (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM andrew.todd@mssm.edu NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 58 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 AR PII S0969-8043(02)00267-1 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(02)00267-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 639NM UT WOS:000180636100007 PM 12485662 ER PT J AU Punshon, T Gaines, KF Jenkins, RA AF Punshon, T Gaines, KF Jenkins, RA TI Bioavailability and trophic transfer of sediment-bound Ni and U in a southeastern wetland system SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; SMALL MAMMALS; CADMIUM; COPPER; ECOTOXICOLOGY AB Elemental composition of soil, herbaceous and woody plant species, and the muscle and liver tissue of two common small mammal species were determined in a wetland ecosystem contaminated with Ni and U from nuclear target processing activities at the Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC. Species studied were black willow (Salix nigra L.), rushes (Juncus effusus L.), marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), and cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus). Two mature trees were sampled around the perimeter of the former de facto settling basin, and transect lines sampling rushes and trapping small mammals were laid across the wetland area, close to a wooden spillway that previously enclosed the pond. Ni and U concentrations were elevated to contaminant levels; with a total concentration of 1,065 (+/-54) mg kg(-1) U and 526.7 (+/-18.3) mg kg(-1) Ni within the soil. Transfer of contaminants into woody and herbaceous plant tissues was higher for Ni than for U, which appeared to remain bound to the outside of root tissues, with very little (0.03+/-0.001 mg kg(-1)) U detectable within the leaf tissues. This indicated a lower bioavailability of U than the cocontaminant Ni. Trees sampled from the drier margins of the pond area contained more Ni within their leaf tissues than the rushes sampled from the wetter floodplain area, with leaf tissues concentrations of Ni of approximately 75.5(+/-3.6) mg kg(-1) Ni. Ni concentrations were also elevated in small mammal tissues. Transfer factors of contaminants indicated that U bioavailability is negligable in this wetland ecosystem. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Punshon, T (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 618GU UT WOS:000179411000004 PM 12434216 ER PT B AU Munoz, J AF Munoz, J GP IEEE IEEE TI DARPA'S adaptive computing systems program SO ASP-DAC 2003: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIA AND SOUTH PACIFIC DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC 2003) CY JAN 21-24, 2003 CL KITAKYUSHU, JAPAN SP IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, ACM SIGDA, Inst Electr Informat & Commun Engineers, Informat Proc Soc Japan, Japan Inst Electr Packaging C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Munoz, J (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7659-5 PY 2003 BP 464 EP 464 PG 1 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BW38C UT WOS:000181801600076 ER PT S AU van Dam, MA Macintosh, BA AF van Dam, MA Macintosh, BA BE Tyson, RK LloydHart, M TI Characterization of adaptive optics at Keck Observatory SO ASTRONOMICAL ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications CY AUG 03-04, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wavefront sensing; Shack-Hartmann; Keck Observatory ID LASER GUIDE STAR; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; RESOLUTION; TELESCOPE; ALGORITHM; MIRROR; PHASE AB In this paper, the adaptive optics (AO) system at Keck Observatory is characterized. The AO system is described in detail. The physical parameters of the lenslets, CCD and deformable mirror, the calibration procedures and the signal processing algorithms are explained. Results of sky performance tests are presented: the AO system is shown to deliver images with an average Strehl ratio of up to 0.37 at 1.59 mum using a bright guide star. An error budget that is consistent with the observed image quality is presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP van Dam, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5042-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5169 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.504223 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY24Z UT WOS:000188421300001 ER PT S AU Awwal, A Bauman, B Gavel, D Olivier, S Jones, S Silva, D Hardy, JL Barnes, T Werner, JS AF Awwal, A Bauman, B Gavel, D Olivier, S Jones, S Silva, D Hardy, JL Barnes, T Werner, JS BE Tyson, RK LloydHart, M TI Characterization and operation of a liquid crystal adaptive optics phoropter SO ASTRONOMICAL ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications CY AUG 03-04, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; vision science; liquid crystal; spatial light modulator; ophthalmology; psychophysics; visual acuity ID HUMAN EYE AB Adaptive optics (AO), a mature technology developed for astronomy to compensate for the effects of atmospheric turbulence, can also be used to correct the aberrations of the eye. The classic phoropter is used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to estimate and correct the lower-order aberrations of the eye, defocus and astigmatism, in order to derive a vision correction prescription for their patients. An adaptive optics phoropter measures and corrects the aberrations in the human eye using adaptive optics techniques, which are capable of dealing with both the standard low-order aberrations and higher-order aberrations, including coma and spherical aberration. High-order aberrations have been shown to degrade visual performance for clinical subjects in initial investigations. An adaptive optics phoropter has been designed and constructed based on a Shack-Hartmann sensor to measure the aberrations of the eye, and a liquid crystal spatial light modulator to compensate for them. This system should produce near diffraction-limited optical image quality at the retina, which will enable investigation of the psychophysical limits of human vision. This paper describes the characterization and operation of the AO phoropter with results from human subject testing. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Awwal, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5042-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5169 BP 104 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.510393 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY24Z UT WOS:000188421300013 ER PT S AU Poyneer, LA Macintosh, B AF Poyneer, LA Macintosh, B BE Tyson, RK LloydHart, M TI Wave-front control for extreme adaptive optics SO ASTRONOMICAL ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Astronomical Adaptive Optics Systems and Applications CY AUG 03-04, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wave-front sensing; wave-front control AB Current plans for Extreme Adaptive Optics systems place challenging requirements on wave-front control. This paper focuses on control system dynamics, wave-front sensing and wave-front correction device characteristics. It may be necessary to run an ExAO system after a slower, low-order AO system. Running two independent systems can result in very good temporal performance, provided specific design constraints are followed. The spatially-filtered wave-front sensor, which prevents aliasing and improves PSF sensitivity, is summarized. Different models of continuous and segmented deformable mirrors are studied. In a noise-free case, a piston-tip-tilt segmented MEMS device can achieve nearly equivalent performance to a continuous-sheet DM in compensating for a static phase aberration with use of spatial filtering. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Poyneer, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5042-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5169 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.1117/12.506456 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY24Z UT WOS:000188421300020 ER PT J AU Geha, M Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Griest, K Keller, SC Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Popowski, P Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, AB Vandehei, T Welch, DL AF Geha, M Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Griest, K Keller, SC Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Popowski, P Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, AB Vandehei, T Welch, DL CA MACHO Collaboration TI Variability-selected quasars in MACHO project Magellanic Cloud fields SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Magellanic Clouds; quasars : general ID X-RAY SOURCES; PROPER MOTION; OPTICAL VARIABILITY; RADIO-SOURCES; LMC REGION; GALAXIES; CATALOG; QSOS; PHOTOMETRY; PROBES AB We present 47 spectroscopically confirmed quasars discovered behind the Magellanic Clouds identified via photometric variability in the MACHO database. Thirty-eight quasars lie behind the Large Magellanic Cloud and nine behind the Small Magellanic Cloud, more than tripling the number of quasars previously known in this region. The quasars cover the redshift interval 0.2 < z < 2.8 and have apparent mean magnitudes 16.6 less than or equal to (V) over bar less than or equal to 20.1. We discuss the details of quasar candidate selection based on time variability in the MACHO database and present results of spectroscopic follow-up observations. Our follow-up detection efficiency was 20%; the primary contaminants were emission-line Be stars in Magellanic Clouds. For the 47 quasars discovered behind the Magellanic Clouds, plus an additional 12 objects previously identified in this region, we present 7.5 yr MACHO V- and R-band light curves with average sampling times of 2 10 days. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Geha, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985 NR 36 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1086/344947 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627KD UT WOS:000179931600001 ER PT J AU Bernardi, M Sheth, RK SubbaRao, M Richards, GT Burles, S Connolly, AJ Frieman, J Nichol, R Schaye, J Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE York, DG Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ AF Bernardi, M Sheth, RK SubbaRao, M Richards, GT Burles, S Connolly, AJ Frieman, J Nichol, R Schaye, J Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE York, DG Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ TI A feature at z similar to 3.2 in the evolution of the Ly alpha forest optical depth SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; galaxies : formation; intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; POWER SPECTRUM; ABSORPTION; CLOUDS; FLUX; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; HELIUM; MODEL AB The effective optical depth in the Lyalpha forest region of 1061 low-resolution QSO spectra drawn from the SDSS database decreases with decreasing redshift over the range 2.5 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 4. Although the evolution is relatively smooth, tau(eff) proportional to (1 + z)(3.8+/-0.2), at z similar to 3.2 the effective optical depth decreases suddenly by about 10% with respect to this smoother evolution. It climbs back to the original smooth scaling again by z similar to 2.9. We describe two techniques, one of which is new, for quantifying this evolution that give consistent results. A variety of tests show that the feature is not likely to be a consequence of how the QSO sample was selected nor the result of flux calibration or other systematic effects. Other authors have argued that, at this same epoch, the temperature of the IGM also shows a departure from an otherwise smooth decrease with time. These features in the evolution of the temperature and the optical depth are signatures of the reionization of He II. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15620 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Bernardi, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 46 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 32 EP 52 DI 10.1086/344945 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627KD UT WOS:000179931600003 ER PT J AU Milne, PA Wells, LA AF Milne, PA Wells, LA TI Did supernova 1989b exhibit a light echo? SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays; supernovae : general ID IA SUPERNOVAE; SN 1991T; MAXIMUM LIGHT; CURVES; SPECTRA; PHOTOMETRY; NGC-3627 AB The late light curves of SN 1989B exhibited an emission excess relative to other Type Ia supernovae. We investigate whether this emission excess suggests light echo emission from this supernova or, rather, intense background galaxy contamination at the location of the supernova. We conclude that stellar emission can better explain the late spectra and that the emission excess is likely due to background contamination. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1086/345516 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627KD UT WOS:000179931600011 ER PT J AU Max, CE Macintosh, BA Gibbard, SG Gavel, DT Roe, HG de Pater, I Ghez, AM Acton, DS Lai, O Stomski, P Wizinowich, PL AF Max, CE Macintosh, BA Gibbard, SG Gavel, DT Roe, HG de Pater, I Ghez, AM Acton, DS Lai, O Stomski, P Wizinowich, PL TI Cloud structures on Neptune observed with Keck Telescope adaptive optics SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : adaptive optics; planets and satellites : individual (Neptune) ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; 1996 HST; PERFORMANCE; WAVELENGTHS; SYSTEM AB We report on observations obtained with the adaptive optics system at the 10 m Keck II Telescope during engineering validation and early science observing time for the adaptive optics system. We observed Neptune at near-infrared wavelengths. Angular resolution was 0."05-0."06, corresponding to a spatial scale of approximately 1000 km at Neptune. We discuss the latitudinal structure of circumferential cloud bands and of compact infrared-bright features seen in the southern hemisphere, as well as their variation with wavelength. We determine the values of I/F (proportional to the ratio of reflected intensity to incident solar flux) in the J and H infrared-wavelength bands, including narrowband filters where there is strong methane absorption. We use the I/F values inside and outside of methane bands to estimate the altitude of clouds responsible for the brightest compact features in the infrared. Our data show that, on two of our four observing dates, the brightest region on Neptune contained highly reflective haze layers located below the tropopause but not deeper than a few bars. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Max, CE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 125 IS 1 BP 364 EP 375 DI 10.1086/344943 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627KD UT WOS:000179931600029 ER PT J AU Heinamaki, P Einasto, J Einasto, M Saar, E Tucker, DL Muller, V AF Heinamaki, P Einasto, J Einasto, M Saar, E Tucker, DL Muller, V TI The mass function of the Las Campanas loose groups of galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : large-scale structure of Universe ID DARK-MATTER UNIVERSES; REDSHIFT SURVEY; CLUSTERS; ABUNDANCE; SIMULATIONS; RESOLUTION; LUMINOSITY; EVOLUTION; FLAT AB We have determined the mass function of loose groups of galaxies in the Las Campanas Redshift Survey. Loose groups of galaxies in the LCRS range in mass from M similar to 10(12) M-. to 10(15) M-.. We find that the sample is almost complete for masses in the interval 5 x 10(13)-8 x 10(14) M-.. Comparison of the observed mass function with theoretical mass functions obtained from N-body simulations shows good agreement with a CDM model with the parameters Omega(m) = 0.3, Omega(Lambda) = 0.7 and the amplitude of perturbations about sigma(8) = 0.78-0.87. For smaller masses the mass function of LCRS loose groups flattens out, differing considerably from the group mass function found by Girardi & Giuricin (2000) and from mass functions obtained by numerical simulations. C1 Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. Tuorla Observ, Piikkio 21500, Finland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RP Heinamaki, P (reprint author), Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 397 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20021498 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 624PL UT WOS:000179768500007 ER PT J AU Paladini, R Burigana, C Davies, RD Maino, D Bersanelli, M Cappellini, B Platania, P Smoot, G AF Paladini, R Burigana, C Davies, RD Maino, D Bersanelli, M Cappellini, B Platania, P Smoot, G TI A radio catalog of Galactic HII regions for applications from decimeter to millimeter wavelengths SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE HII regions; catalogs; cosmic microwave background ID H-II REGIONS; 11 CM WAVELENGTH; RECOMBINATION LINE EMISSION; MIT NRAO SURVEYS; CONTINUUM SURVEY; SOUTHERN SKY; PLANE SURVEY; GHZ; MAPS; OBJECTS AB By collecting the information from 24 previously published lists and catalogs, we produce a comprehensive catalog (Master Catalog) of 1442 Galactic HII regions. For each object, we quote the original fluxes and diameters as well as the available information on radio line velocities, line widths and line temperatures and the errors on these quantitities. References to the original works are also reported. By exploiting all these data we produce a Synthetic Catalog of fluxes and diameters (with corresponding errors) at 2.7 GHz. This choice is motivated by the extensive, although not complete, information available at this frequency, widely spread among many different catalogs, and by its relevance for both detailed studies on Galactic HII regions and the extrapolation up to millimetric wavelengths. The catalog can be used for detailed studies of Galactic HII regions and, by extrapolation, for investigations of HII regions up to millimetric wavelengths. In particular, we discuss the study of the effects of microwave emission from HII regions on the new generation of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments. We present simulations of the detection of HII regions in the Planck high resolution CMB survey, and briefly analize some of the typical applications of our catalog to the evaluation of CMB anisotropy experiments such as calibration, beam reconstruction and straylight effects. The Master Catalog and the Synthetic Catalog are available via ftp at: cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr. This work is related to Planck-LFI activities. C1 Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. CNR, IASF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Sez Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. Osserv Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. CNR, IASF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, LBNL, SSL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Paladini, R (reprint author), Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, SISSA, Via Beirut 2-4, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. OI Burigana, Carlo/0000-0002-3005-5796 NR 77 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 397 IS 1 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20021466 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 624PL UT WOS:000179768500022 ER PT J AU Mason, KO Branduardi-Raymont, G Ogle, PM Page, MJ Puchnarewicz, EM Behar, E Cordova, FA Davis, S Maraschi, L McHardy, IM O'Brien, PT Priedhorsky, WC Sasseen, TP AF Mason, KO Branduardi-Raymont, G Ogle, PM Page, MJ Puchnarewicz, EM Behar, E Cordova, FA Davis, S Maraschi, L McHardy, IM O'Brien, PT Priedhorsky, WC Sasseen, TP TI The X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert I galaxy Markarian 766: Dusty warm absorber or relativistic emission lines? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies : individual (Markarian 766); galaxies : Seyfert; line : profiles; X-rays : galaxies ID REFLECTION GRATING SPECTROMETER; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; XMM-NEWTON; ATOMIC DATA; BLACK-HOLE; MCG-6-30-15; MULTIWAVELENGTH; ABSORPTION; STRENGTH AB Competing models for broad spectral features in the soft X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert I galaxy Mrk 766 are tested against data from a 130 ks XMM-Newton observation. A model including relativistically broadened Lyalpha emission lines of O VIII N VII and C VI is a better fit to 0.3-2 keV XMM RGS data than a dusty warm absorber. Moreover, the measured depth of neutral iron absorption lines in the spectrum is inconsistent with the magnitude of the iron edge required to produce the continuum break at 17-18 Angstrom in the dusty warm absorber model. The relativistic emission line model can reproduce the broadband (0.1-12 keV) XMM EPIC data with the addition of a fourth line to represent emission from ionized iron at 6.7 keV and an excess due to reflection at energies above the iron line. The pro le of the 6.7 keV iron line is consistent with that measured for the low-energy lines. There is evidence in the RGS data, at the 3sigma level, of spectral features that vary with source flux. The covering fraction of warm absorber gas is estimated to be 12%. Iron in the warm absorber is found to be overabundant with respect to CNO, compared to solar values. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Osservatorio Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM kom@mssl.ucl.ac.uk OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 25 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 582 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1086/344562 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 628MX UT WOS:000180000600011 ER PT J AU de Propris, R Stanford, SA Eisenhardt, P Dickinson, M AF de Propris, R Stanford, SA Eisenhardt, P Dickinson, M TI The K-selected Butcher-Oemler effect - or lack of ... SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European and National Astronomical Meeting (JENAM 2002) CY SEP 02-07, 2002 CL OPORTO, PORTUGAL DE galaxies-formation and evolution ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; DISTANT CLUSTERS; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; REDSHIFT AB We derive the blue fraction for a sample of K-selected galaxies in 25 clusters at 0.15= 1) and moderate Q(2) is dominated by quasifree scattering from nucleons. In the impulse approximation, the cross section can be directly connected to the nucleon momentum distribution via the scaling function F(y). The breakdown of the y-scaling assumptions in certain kinematic regions have prevented extraction of nucleon momentum distributions from such a scaling analysis. With a slight modification to the y-scaling assumptions, it is found that scaling functions can be extracted which are consistent with the expectations for the nucleon momentum distributions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Arrington, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-409-X PY 2003 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1142/9789812704887_0085 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCK94 UT WOS:000229799900085 ER PT B AU Suleiman, R AF Suleiman, R BE Carlson, CE Mecking, BA TI Measurement of the weak pion-nucleon coupling constant, H-pi(1), from backward pion photo-production near threshold on the proton SO BARYONS 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on the Structure of Baryons CY MAR 03-08, 2002 CL Newport News, VA AB The longest range weak pion-nucleon coupling constant, h(pi)(1), is important for nuclear parity violation. However, after considerable effort in the past two decades, its value is still poorly known largely due to many-body theoretical uncertainties. Prospects of a new measurement of h(pi)(1) in a theoretically clean process are presented. A measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in pion photo-production off the proton is related to h(pi)(1) in a low-energy theorem for the photon polarization asymmetry at threshold in the chiral limit. At present two completed experiments - photon circular polarization for F-18 and the anapole moment of Cs-133 - have been interpreted to give very different values of h(pi)(1). This experiment will be the first attempt to measure h(pi)(1) in the single nucleon system. A reliable measurement of h(pi)(1) provides a crucial test of the meson-exchange picture of the weak N N interaction. Such a test of the meson-exchange picture will shed light on low energy QCD. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Suleiman, R (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, MS 12H,12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-409-X PY 2003 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1142/9789812704887_0094 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCK94 UT WOS:000229799900094 ER PT B AU Richards, DC Gockeler, M Rakow, PEL Horsley, R Maynard, CM Pleiter, D Schierholz, G AF Richards, DC Gockeler, M Rakow, PEL Horsley, R Maynard, CM Pleiter, D Schierholz, G BE Carlson, CE Mecking, BA TI Lattice calculation of baryon masses using the clover fermion action SO BARYONS 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on the Structure of Baryons CY MAR 03-08, 2002 CL Newport News, VA ID SPECTRUM AB We present a calculation of the lowest-lying baryon masses in the quenched approximation to QCD. The calculations are performed using a non-perturbatively improved clover fermion action, and a splitting is found between the masses of the nucleon and its parity partner. An analysis of the mass of the first radial excitation of the nucleon finds a value considerably larger than that of the parity partner of the nucleon, and thus little evidence for the Roper resonance as a simple three-quark state. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Richards, DC (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-409-X PY 2003 BP 627 EP 630 DI 10.1142/9789812704887_0098 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCK94 UT WOS:000229799900098 ER PT B AU Rodriguez, MA Ingersoll, D Doughty, DH AF Rodriguez, MA Ingersoll, D Doughty, DH BE Nazri, GA Takeuchi, E Koetz, R Scrosati, B TI In-situ analysis of Li-ion batteries via neutron diffraction SO BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Batteries and Supercapacitors CY 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Battery & Energy Technol Div, Int Soc Electrochem ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION AB Feasibility of in-situ neutron diffraction analysis on a commercial Li-ion cell (Sony 18650) has been demonstrated. Time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction data collected on this commercially packaged Li-ion battery indicated a weak but detectable signal from the LiCoO2 cathode. Refined lattice parameters for the LiCoO2 cathode indicated that the unit cell expands along the c-axis and contracts along the a-axis, with an overall unit-cell volume expansion during charging from 3.6V to 4.IV. In-situ neutron diffraction is a useful technique for measuring structure/property relationships on Li-ion batteries. Straightforward improvements in experimental design may significantly improve results of future measurements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-354-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 BP 34 EP 40 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BAG67 UT WOS:000222114700004 ER PT B AU Jang, YI Dudney, NJ AF Jang, YI Dudney, NJ BE Nazri, GA Takeuchi, E Koetz, R Scrosati, B TI Li diffusion and high-voltage cycling behavior of thin-film LiCoO2 cathodes SO BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Batteries and Supercapacitors CY 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Battery & Energy Technol Div, Int Soc Electrochem ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SOLID-SOLUTION; LIXCOO2; INTERCALATION; ELECTRODES; TRANSITION; LINIO2 AB Mass transport and thermodynamic properties of LixCoO2 were studied by the potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT) using solid-state thin-film batteries that provide a well-defined diffusion geometry. Both the chemical diffusion coefficient and the thermodynamic factor have minima at the phase boundaries of the Li/vacancy ordered phase "Li0.5CoO2". The self-diffusion coefficient of Li has a minimum at x = 0.5 associated with the Li/vacancy ordering. As the degree of ordering increases, the nonnionotonic variations become more pronounced when approaching x = 0.5 in LixCoO2. We also show that thin-film LiCoO2 cathodes having grains of sub-micrometer size combined with the Lipon electrolyte exhibit excellent capacity retention when charged up to 4.5 V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jang, YI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-354-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 BP 52 EP 63 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BAG67 UT WOS:000222114700006 ER PT B AU Jungst, RG Nagasubramanian, G Case, HL Urbina, A Paez, TL Doughty, DH AF Jungst, RG Nagasubramanian, G Case, HL Urbina, A Paez, TL Doughty, DH BE Nazri, GA Takeuchi, E Koetz, R Scrosati, B TI Accelerated life testing and data analysis for lithium-ion cells SO BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Batteries and Supercapacitors CY 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Battery & Energy Technol Div, Int Soc Electrochem ID DENSITY AB The performance of 18650-size lithium-ion cells is being evaluated to develop an accelerated aging test protocol for the Advanced Technology Development (ATD) Program. ATD seeks to understand degradation mechanisms for high-power battery chemistries being developed for use in hybrid electric vehicles. Cells exposed for 4 weeks to temperatures up to 55degreesC at three states-of-charge (60, 80, and 100%) show power fades as high as 20% and capacity losses of up to 8%. This coincides with a significant interfacial impedance increase in the cell. A CNLS artificial neural network (ANN) has been successfully used to relate inputs of impedance and capacity to power fade. It has been found that the dimension of the impedance data can be reduced through use of data reduction techniques such as singular value decomposition. Transforming the data to a space of standard normal variables prior to training the ANN parameters also results in a data representation that is more easily modeled. The model has negligible bias and a low standard error compared to the span of the power fade data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jungst, RG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-354-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 BP 85 EP 95 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BAG67 UT WOS:000222114700009 ER PT B AU Liu, P Lee, SH Tracy, CE Turner, JA AF Liu, P Lee, SH Tracy, CE Turner, JA BE Nazri, GA Takeuchi, E Koetz, R Scrosati, B TI Mesoporous vanadium oxide as cathodes for lithium batteries SO BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Batteries and Supercapacitors CY 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Battery & Energy Technol Div, Int Soc Electrochem ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES AB Mesoporous vanadium oxide electrodes have been prepared by electrodeposition from solutions containing non-ionic surfactants. The self-assembly of these surfactants act as templates to direct the formation of the porous structure. Depending on the surfactant concentration, submicron meter sized macropores can also be formed. The mesoporous/macroporous vanadium oxide electrode shows very high rate capability, delivering 125 mAh/g at a 50C rate when used as a cathode in lithium batteries. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Liu, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-354-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BAG67 UT WOS:000222114700021 ER PT B AU Song, SW Striebel, K Cairns, E AF Song, SW Striebel, K Cairns, E BE Nazri, GA Takeuchi, E Koetz, R Scrosati, B TI Electrocehmical studies of the Mg2Si thin films prepared with pulsed laser deposition SO BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Batteries and Supercapacitors CY 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Battery & Energy Technol Div, Int Soc Electrochem ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; LI-ION BATTERIES; INSERTION ELECTRODE; MECHANISM AB Electrochemically active thin films Of Mg2Si (film thickness of 137 nm) have been prepared with the pulsed laser deposition technique. The film showed stable cycle behavior at 0.1similar to1.0 V vs Li with capacity greater than 800 mAh/g for more than 100 cycles. Though film morphology become remarkably rougher with cycling, this film showed continuous high stability in cycling. The capacity retention might be attributed to limited structural volume change in 2-dimesional film, easier lithium diffusion to film surface and enhanced conductivity supported from stainless steel substrate. The goal of this film study is to help clarify capacity failure of powder intermetallics alloy anodes. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Song, SW (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-354-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 BP 262 EP 267 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BAG67 UT WOS:000222114700028 ER PT B AU Vollmer, JM Kandalam, A Zapol, P Curtiss, LA Chen, CH Vissers, DR Amine, K AF Vollmer, JM Kandalam, A Zapol, P Curtiss, LA Chen, CH Vissers, DR Amine, K BE Nazri, GA Takeuchi, E Koetz, R Scrosati, B TI Prediction of reduction potentials with quantum chemical methods SO BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Batteries and Supercapacitors CY 2001 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Battery & Energy Technol Div, Int Soc Electrochem ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DENSITY; ENERGY AB We present a method for calculating reduction potentials using ab initio and density functional methods. An assessment of this method was performed by comparing predicted values with those found in the literature and measured by cyclic voltammetry. The method was found to be quite reliable for the prediction of reduction potentials. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vollmer, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chen, Chunhua/F-5897-2010; Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; Kandalam, Anil/M-9590-2014 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169; NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-354-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 BP 389 EP 394 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BAG67 UT WOS:000222114700041 ER PT B AU Higdon, D Lee, H Holloman, C AF Higdon, D Lee, H Holloman, C BE Bernardo, JM Bayarri, MJ Berger, JO Dawid, AP Heckerman, D Smith, AFM TI Markov chain Monte Carlo-based approaches for inference in computationally intensive inverse problems SO BAYESIAN STATISTICS 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Valencia International Meeting on Bayesian Statistics CY JUN 02-06, 2002 CL Valencia, SPAIN DE multigrid Markov chain Monte Carlo; metropolis coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo; spatial statistics; distributed computing ID FIELD AB A typical setup for many inverse problems is that one wishes to update beliefs about a spatially dependent set of inputs x given rather indirect observations y. Here, the inputs and observed outputs are related by the complex physical relationship y = zeta (x) + epsilon. Applications include medical and geological tomography, hydrology, and the modelling of physical and biological systems. We consider applications where the physical relationship zeta(x) can be well approximated by detailed simulation code eta(x). When the forward simulation code eta(x) is sufficiently fast, Bayesian inference can, in principle, be carried out via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Difficulties arise for two main reasons: Even though the code may accurately represent the physical process, there are a large number of unknown, but required, inputs that must be calibrated to match the observed data y. The computational burden of the fastest available forward simulators is often large enough that approaches for speeding up the MCMC calculations are required. This paper develops approaches for specifying effective low-dimensional representations of the inputs x along with MCMC approaches for sampling the posterior distribution. In particular we consider augmenting the basic formulation with fast, possibly coarsened, formulations to improve MCMC performance. This approach can be very easily implemented in a parallel computing environment. We give examples in single photon emission computed tomography and in hydrology. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Higdon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CLARENDON PRESS PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-19-852615-6 PY 2003 BP 181 EP 197 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BAB93 UT WOS:000221507600010 ER PT S AU Fedotov, AV AF Fedotov, AV BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Mechanisms of halo formation SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA ID CHARGE DOMINATED BEAMS; FOCUSING CHANNEL AB Uncontrolled beam loss leads to excessive radioactivation in high-intensity machines. At the same time, it strongly affects performance of high-energy accelerators and colliders. For the well controlled beam, the loss is typically associated with the low density halo surrounding beam core. There are many mechanisms which contribute to halo formation. Some of them are more important for linear accelerators while other are more relevant to circular machines. In order to minimize uncontrolled beam loss or improve performance of an accelerator, it is very important to understand what are the sources of halo formation, as well as which of them can have significant contribution for a specific machine of interest. In this paper, we overview various mechanisms of halo formation. We then specifically discuss which effects are expected to be dominant in linear accelerator and which effects dominate in rings, concentrating on high-intensity machines. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800001 ER PT S AU Shea, T Cameron, P AF Shea, T Cameron, P BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Halo Diagnostics overview SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shea, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800002 ER PT S AU Mokhov, NV AF Mokhov, NV BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Beam collimation at hadron colliders SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Operational and accidental beam losses in hadron colliders can have a serious impact on machine and detector performance, resulting in effects ranging from minor to catastrophic. Principles and realization are described for a reliable beam collimation system required to sustain favorable background conditions in the collider detectors, provide quench stability of superconducting magnets, minimize irradiation of accelerator equipment, maintain operational reliability over the life of the machine, and reduce the impact of radiation on personnel and the environment. Based on detailed Monte-Carlo simulations, such a system has been designed and incorporated in the Tevatron collider. Its performance, comparison to measurements and possible ways to further improve the collimation efficiency are described in detail. Specifics of the collimation systems designed for the SSC, LHC, VLHC, and HERA colliders are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mokhov, NV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800003 ER PT S AU Wei, H AF Wei, H BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Beam cleaning in high power proton accelerators SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB One of the primary concerns in the operation of high-power accelerators is machine component radioactivation caused by uncontrolled beam loss. Beam collimation and halo cleaning play a crucial role in minimizing uncontrolled beam loss. This paper reviews past experience, and discusses design principle, operational strategy, and challenging issues in beam cleaning in high-power accelerators like the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) and the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800007 ER PT S AU Ostroumov, PN AF Ostroumov, PN BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Sources of beam halo formation in heavy-ion superconducting linac and development of halo cleaning methods SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB The proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) Facility, an innovative exotic-beam facility for production of high-quality energetic beams of short-lived isotopes, will contain two superconducting linacs. To produce sufficient intensities of secondary beams the driver linac will provide 400 kW accelerated beams of any ion from hydrogen to uranium. A detailed design has been developed for the focusing-accelerating lattice of the RIA driver linac which is configured as an array of short SC cavities, each with independently controllable rf phase. To obtain high-power heavy-ion beams the driver linac uses simultaneous acceleration of multiple charge states and two strippers. End-to-end beam dynamics simulations in six-dimensional phase space were applied to study all possible sources of beam halo formation in the driver linac. The concept of a "beam-loss-free" linac is developed and implies beam halo collimation in designated areas. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ostroumov, PN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800010 ER PT S AU Jeon, DO AF Jeon, DO BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Halo formation and its mitigation in the SNS linac SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB A halo generation mechanism in the non-periodic lattices such as the SNS linac MEBT (Medium-Energy Beam-Transport between RFQ and DTL) is reported. We find that the nonlinear space charge force resulting from large transverse beam eccentricity similar to2:1 in the similar to1.6-m-long MEBT chopper section is responsible for halo formation. As a result, the beam distribution, based on the Front End (FE) emittance measurements and multiparticle simulation studies, develops halo that leads to beam loss and radio activation of the SNS linac. Designing lattices with transverse beam eccentricity close to 1: 1 suppresses this kind of halo generation. Modifying the MEBT optics and introducing adjustable collimators in the MEBT significantly reduced beam losses in the CCL, which is a preferred scheme for mitigating halo. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Representing SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Jeon, DO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Representing SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1142/9789812796714_0010 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800011 ER PT S AU Ruggiero, AG AF Ruggiero, AG BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Longitudinal mismatch in SCL as a source of beam halo SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB An advantage of a proton Super-Conducting Linac (SCL) is that RF cavities can be operated independently, allowing easier beam transport and acceleration. But cavities are to be separated by drifts long enough to avoid they couple to each other. Moreover, cavities are placed in cryostats that include inactive insertions for cold-warm transitions; and interspersed are warm insertions for magnets and other devices. The SCL is then an alternating sequence of accelerating elements and drifts. No periodicity is present, and the longitudinal motion is not adiabatic. This has the consequence that the beam bunch ellipse will tumble, dilute and create a halo in the momentum plane because of inherent nonlinearities. When this is coupled to longitudinal space-charge forces,. it may cause beam loss with latent activation of the accelerator components. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruggiero, AG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 69 EP 72 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800014 ER PT S AU Danilov, VV Holmes, JA AF Danilov, VV Holmes, JA BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Halo and RMS beam growth due to transverse impedance SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Collective beam dynamics will play a major role in determining losses in high intensity rings. We demonstrate here, using both analytic and computational models, that beam halo can form under the influence of transverse impedances, even for stable cases well below the instability threshold. It is shown for cases above the instability threshold that rms beam size and halo develop more rapidly than the beam centroid. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Danilov, VV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800016 ER PT S AU Weng, WT Beebe-Wang, J Raparia, D Ruggiero, AG Tsoupas, N AF Weng, WT Beebe-Wang, J Raparia, D Ruggiero, AG Tsoupas, N BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Effects of halo on the AGS injection from 1.2Gev Linac SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB BNL is conducting a design study of a 1.0 MW super neutrino beam facility. It requires 230 turns charge exchange injection from a 1.2 GeV superconducting linac with 28 mA current for 0.72 msec. This report studies the impact of halo distribution of the linac beam on the efficiency of injection and the final beam distribution in the AGS as functions of the injection orbit bump and the foil thickness. Another important consideration is the residual radiation generated on the accelerator components near the injection area. If necessary, radiation hardened components and local shielding have to be provided. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11766 USA. RP Weng, WT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11766 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800018 ER PT S AU Cameron, P Wittenburg, K AF Cameron, P Wittenburg, K BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Halo Diagnostics summary SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cameron, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800022 ER PT S AU Wangler, TP AF Wangler, TP BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Physics results from the Los Alamos beam-halo experiment SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB We present physics results from an experimental study of beam halo in a high-current 6.7-MeV proton beam propagating through a 52-quadrupole periodic-focusing channel. The gradients of the first four quadrupoles were independently adjusted to match or mismatch the injected beam. Emittances and beam widths were obtained from measured profiles for comparisons with maximum emittance predictions of a free-energy model and maximum halo-amplitude predictions of a particle-core model. The experiment supports both models and the present theoretical picture of halo formation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Wangler, TP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 108 EP 113 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800023 ER PT S AU Cameron, P AF Cameron, P BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Tune-based halo diagnostics SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Tune-based halo diagnostics can be divided into two categories-diagnostics for halo prevention, and diagnostics for halo measurement. Diagnostics for halo prevention are standard fare in accumulators, synchrotrons, and storage rings, and again can be divided into two categories-diagnostics to measure the tune distribution (primarily to avoid resonances), and diagnostics to identify instabilities (which will not be discussed here). These diagnostic systems include kicked (coherent) tune measurement, phase-locked loop (PLL) tune measurement, Schottky tune measurement, beam transfer function (BTF) measurements, and measurement of transverse quadrupole mode envelope oscillations. We refer briefly to tune diagnostics used at RHIC and intended for the SNS, and then present experimental results. Tune-based diagnostics for halo measurement (as opposed to prevention) are considerably more difficult. We present one brief example of tune-based halo measurement. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cameron, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 118 EP 121 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800025 ER PT S AU Gilpatick, JD AF Gilpatick, JD BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Wide dynamic-range beam-profile instrumentation for a beam-halo measurement: Description and operation SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Within the halo experiment conducted at the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) at LANL, specific beam instruments that acquire horizontally and vertically projected particle-density distributions out to > 100000: 1 dynamic range are located throughout the 52-magnet halo lattice. We measured the core of the distributions using traditional wire scanners, and the tails of the distributions using water-cooled graphite scraping devices. The wire scanner and halo scrapers are mounted on the same moving frame whose location is controlled with stepper motors. A sequence within the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) software communicates with a National Instruments LabVIEW virtual instrument to control the motion and location of the scanner/scraper assembly. Secondary electrons from the wire scanner 0.033-mm carbon wire and protons impinging on the scraper are both detected with a lossy-integrator electronic circuit. Algorithms implemented within EPICS and in Research System's Interactive Data Language subroutines analyze and plot the acquired distributions. This paper describes the beam instrument and our experience with its operation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gilpatick, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H808, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 122 EP 125 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800026 ER PT S AU Gassner, D Brown, KA Chiang, IH AF Gassner, D Brown, KA Chiang, IH BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Scintillator telescope in the AGS extracted beamline SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB An instrument for probing beam halo and obtaining beam profiles is discussed. The device described here is a prototype version, to obtain data and prepare for a more permanent device. The goals of the permanent device are to allow slow extracted beam emittances to be more routinely measured and to have a diagnostic for probing the wings of the beam distribution. The device works on secondary emission from thin targets, as well as scattering into two scintillator telescopes. The targets are movable over the entire aperture at the device. Data will be presented, as well as a description of the design of the system. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gassner, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 126 EP 128 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800027 ER PT S AU Drees, KA Fliller, R Trbojevic, D Kain, V AF Drees, KA Fliller, R Trbojevic, D Kain, V BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Collimation experience at RHIC SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB In the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) the abort kicker magnets are the limiting aperture. Continuous losses at this location could deteriorate the kicker performance. In addition, losses especially in the triplet area cause backgrounds in the experimental detectors. The RHIC one-stage collimation system was used to reduce these backgrounds as well as losses at the abort kickers. Collimation performance and results from various runs with even and uneven species (Au-Au, pp and d-Au) are presented and compared. Upgrades of the system for the upcoming high luminosity runs are outlined. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Drees, KA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800029 ER PT S AU Gassner, D Cameron, P Witkover, R AF Gassner, D Cameron, P Witkover, R BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI SNS longitudinal and transverse halo measurement SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Stringent particle loss constraints for the SNS accumulator ring require that the beam gap must be kept clean, and beam in the halo be lost in a controlled manner. A fixed amplitude resonant strip line kicker system capable of reversing polarity turn by turn is being designed for gap cleaning. Detectors will be installed in the Ring to observe the radiation from the interaction of the kicked gap beam on a movable scraper using a gated photomultiplier with a scintillator. This detector will also be used to measure the transverse halo of the circulating beam. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gassner, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 137 EP 139 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800030 ER PT S AU Connolly, R Grau, A Michnoff, R Tepikian, S AF Connolly, R Grau, A Michnoff, R Tepikian, S BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI The IPM as a halo measurement and prevention diagnostic SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Four ionization beam profile monitors (IPM's) are in RHIC to measure vertical and horizontal profiles in the two rings. Each IPM collects and measures the distribution of electrons in the beamline resulting from residual gas ionization during bunch passage. The ionized electron signal provides an accurate beam profile and the detectors are capable of measuring individual gold bunches. However the detectors are extremely sensitive and their performance has been limited by backgrounds from radiation spray, rf coupling to the beam, and secondary electrons. In 2002 two IPM's were rebuilt using design changes which greatly reduced the backgrounds. During the summer 2003 shutdown another rebuild will increase the sweep electric field, make the electric field more uniform, and add a calibration system. The improvements in the electric field will increase the sensitivity to beam without increasing backgrounds and the calibration system will allow channel-channel gain variations to be removed. These improvements should increase the detectors sensitivity to a level where the IPM can be considered as a beam halo monitor. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Connolly, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 140 EP 143 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800031 ER PT S AU Montag, C AF Montag, C BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI HERA beam tail shaping by tune modulation SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB To study CP violation, the HERA-B experiment uses an internal wire target in the transverse halo of the stored HERA proton beam. Operational experience shows that the resulting interaction rates are extremely sensitive to tiny orbit jitter amplitudes. Various methods have been studied to stabilize these interaction rates by increasing diffusion in the transverse proton beam tails without affecting the luminosity at the electron-proton collider experiments ZEUS and H1. Tune modulation was found to be a promising method for this task. Experiments performed in recent years will be reported. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Montag, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 144 EP 147 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800032 ER PT S AU Drees, A Mokhov, NV AF Drees, A Mokhov, NV BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Collimation Working Group summary report SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Drees, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 151 EP 153 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800033 ER PT S AU Simos, N Ludewig, H Raparia, D Catalan-Lasheras, N Brodowski, J Murdoch, G AF Simos, N Ludewig, H Raparia, D Catalan-Lasheras, N Brodowski, J Murdoch, G BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI SNS collimating system design - Performance and integration SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB The collimating system in the accumulator ring and transfer lines of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project is responsible for stopping 0.1% of the 2 MW beam of 1.0 GeV protons that are in the beam halo. The collimating structures are a combination of movable beam scrapers and stationary absorbers. Specifically, pairs of charge-exchange foils or scrapers moving in-and-out of the beam in the vertical and horizontal directions help guide the halo protons into respective absorbers which consist of an intricate design of a double wall beam tube, a water-cooled particle bed and radial shielding. Off-momentum protons, with the help of respective charge exchange foils and a dipole magnet, are directed to a momentum dump consisting of a cooled particle bed downstream of a double-walled window separating it from the vacuum space. Addressed in this paper is the thermo-mechanical response and survivability of key components of the collimating system (such as the collimating beam tube in the absorbers, the beam windows and the primary element of the bean scraper structure) in the event of intercept of the full beam under accident conditions. While the potential for the full beam to be intercepted by these components is remote, still special attention will be paid in assessing the amount of full beam (or number of pulses) they can tolerate. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Simos, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 162 EP 166 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800036 ER PT S AU Ludewig, H Simos, N Davino, D Cousineau, S Catalan-Lasheras, N Brodowski, J Tuozzolo, J Longo, C Mullany, B Raparia, D AF Ludewig, H Simos, N Davino, D Cousineau, S Catalan-Lasheras, N Brodowski, J Tuozzolo, J Longo, C Mullany, B Raparia, D BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Estimate of dose and residual activity in the SNS ring collimation straight SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB The collimation system in the SNS ring includes a two-stage collimator consisting of a halo scraper and an appropriate fixed aperture collimator. This unit is placed between the first quadru-pole and the first doublet in the collimation straight section of the ring. The entire structure is surrounded by an outer shield structure. The downstream dose to the doublet and the attached corrector magnet will be estimated for normal operating conditions. In addition, the activities of cooling water, tunnel air, and dose to cables will be estimated. The dose at the flange locations will be estimated following machine shutdown. Finally, the implied dose to surroundings during the removal of an exposed collimator will be made. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ludewig, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 167 EP 171 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800037 ER PT S AU Murdoch, G Decarlo, A Potter, K Roseberry, T Schubert, J Brodowski, J Ludewig, H Tuozzolo, J Simos, N Hirst, J AF Murdoch, G Decarlo, A Potter, K Roseberry, T Schubert, J Brodowski, J Ludewig, H Tuozzolo, J Simos, N Hirst, J BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Handling high activity components on the SNS - (Collimators and Linac Passive Dump Window) SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB The Spallation Neutron Source accelerator will provide a 1 GeV, 1.44 MW proton beam to a liquid mercury target for neutron production. The expected highest doses to components are in the collimation regions. This paper presents the mechanical engineering design of a typical collimator highlighting the features incorporated to assist with collimator removal once it is activated. These features include modular shielding, integrated crane mounting, remote water fittings and vacuum clamps. Also presented is the design Work in progress at present to validate the remote vacuum clamp design. This includes a test rig that mimics an active handling scenario where vacuum bellows can be compressed and clamps removed/replaced from a safe distance. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Murdoch, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 172 EP 175 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800038 ER PT S AU Still, D Annala, J Church, M Hendricks, B Kramper, B Legan, A AF Still, D Annala, J Church, M Hendricks, B Kramper, B Legan, A BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI The Tevatron Collider Run II Halo Removal System SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB The Fermilab Collider Run I (1994-1996) experienced limitations in the Tevatron halo removal system that motivated upgrades for the halo removal system for the Collider Run II. The upgrade provided a new 2 stage collimator design, new designs for collimators and collimator motion control incorporating loss monitor and beam intensity feedback. A central process is used to coordinate the 12 collimator microprocessors that utilize local feedback to produce an automated halo removal system. The halo removal system and experiences for the Tevatron Collider Run II will be described. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Still, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 176 EP 179 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800039 ER PT S AU Rakhno, IL Mokhov, NV Drozhdin, AI AF Rakhno, IL Mokhov, NV Drozhdin, AI BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Collider and detector protection at beam accidents SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Dealing with beam loss due to abort kicker prefire is considered for hadron colliders. The prefires occured at Tevatron (Fermilab) during Run I and Run II are analyzed and a protection system implemented is described. The effect of accidental beam loss in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN on machine and detector components is studied via realistic Monte Carlo calculations. The simulations show that beam loss at an unsynchronized beam abort would result in severe heating of conventional and superconducting magnets and possible damage to the collider detector elements. A proposed set of collimators would reduce energy deposition effects to acceptable levels. Special attention is paid to reducing peak temperature rise within the septum magnet and minimizing quench region length downstream of the LHC beam abort straight section. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rakhno, IL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800042 ER PT S AU Fliller, RP Drees, A Gassner, D Hammons, L McIntyre, G Peggs, S Trbojevic, D Biryukov, V Chesnokov, Y Terekhov, V AF Fliller, RP Drees, A Gassner, D Hammons, L McIntyre, G Peggs, S Trbojevic, D Biryukov, V Chesnokov, Y Terekhov, V BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Crystal collimation at RHIC SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Crystal Channeling occurs when an ion enters a crystal with a small angle with respect to the crystal planes, The electrostatic interaction between the incoming ion and the lattice causes the ion to follow the crystal planes. By mechanically bending a crystal, it is possible to use a crystal to deflect ions. One novel use of a bent crystal is to use it to channel beam halo particles into a collimator downstream. By deflecting the halo particles into a collimator with a crystal it may be possible to improve collimation efficiency as compared to a single collimator. A bent crystal is installed in the yellow ring of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). In this paper we discuss our experience with the crystal collimator, and compare our results to previous data, simulation, and theoretical prediction. C1 BNL, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Fliller, RP (reprint author), BNL, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RI Hammons, Lee/D-6041-2013 OI Hammons, Lee/0000-0001-7066-8960 NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800043 ER PT S AU Kostin, MA Mokhov, NV Striganov, SI Tropin, IS AF Kostin, MA Mokhov, NV Striganov, SI Tropin, IS BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Simulation aspects of beam collimation and their remedies in the MARS14 code SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Simulation aspects of beam collimation are described along with a number of tools and methods developed and used within the MARS14 framework. The tools and methods were implemented in order to relieve the burden of simulations needed for reliable calculations required for design of efficient collimation systems at high-intensity accelerators and colliders. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 196 EP 199 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800044 ER PT S AU Fischer, W Sen, T AF Fischer, W Sen, T BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Beam-Beam '03 summary SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB This paper summarizes the presentations and discussions of the Beam-Beam'03 workshop, held in Montauk, Long Island, from May 19 to 23, 2003. Presentations and discussions focused on halo generation from beam-beam interactions; beam-beam limits, especially coherent limits and their effects on existing and future hadron colliders; beam-beam compensation techniques, particularly for long-range interactions; and beam-beam study tools in theory, simulation, and experiment. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fischer, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800048 ER PT S AU Alexahin, Y AF Alexahin, Y BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Coherent beam-beam effects, theory and observations SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Current theoretical understanding of the coherent beam-beam effect as well as its experimental observations are discussed: conditions under which the coherent beam-beam modes may appear, possibility of their resonant interaction (coherent resonances), stability of beam-beam oscillations in the presence of external impedances. A special attention is given to the coherent beam-beam modes of finite length bunches: the synchro-betatron coupling is shown to provide reduction in the coherent tuneshift and - at the synchrotron time values smaller than the beam-beam parameter - Landau damping by overlapping synchrotron satellites. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Alexahin, Y (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800049 ER PT S AU Fischer, W AF Fischer, W BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Summary of beam-beam observations during stores in RHIC SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB During stores, the beam-beam interaction has a significant impact on the beam and luminosity lifetimes in RHIC. This was observed in heavy ion, and even more pronounced in proton collisions. Observations include measurements of beam-beam induced tune shifts, lifetime and emittance growth measurements with and without beam-beam interaction, and background rates as a function of tunes. In addition, RHIC is currently the only hadron collider in which strong-strong beam-beam effects can be seen. Coherent beam-beam modes were observed, and suppressed by tune changes. In this article we summarize the most important beam-beam observations made during stores so far. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fischer, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 231 EP 234 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800051 ER PT S AU Fischer, W Blaskiewicz, A AF Fischer, W Blaskiewicz, A BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Luminosity increase at the incoherent beam-beam limit with six superbunches in RHIC SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB By colliding bunches of greater length under a larger angle, the tune spread caused by the beam-beam interaction can be reduced. Assuming a constant limit for the beam-beam tune shift, the bunch intensity can then be raised. In this way, a luminosity increase is possible. We review this strategy for proton beams in RHIC, with two collisions and consider six long bunches. Barrier cavities are used to fill every accelerating bucket of the machine, except for an abort gap, and to create the superbunches bunches at store. Resonances driven by the beam-beam interaction and coherent effects are neglected in this article. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fischer, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 244 EP 247 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800054 ER PT S AU Sen, T AF Sen, T BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Theory and observations of beam-beam effects at the Tevatron SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Long-range beam-beam interactions in Run II at the Tevatron are the dominant sources of beam loss and lifetime limitations of anti-protons, especially at injection energy. I discuss observations and theoretical understanding of these beam-beam effects. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sen, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 248 EP 251 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800055 ER PT S AU Fischer, W Cameron, P Peggs, S Satogata, T AF Fischer, W Cameron, P Peggs, S Satogata, T BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Tune modulation from beam-beam interaction and unequal radio frequencies in RHIC SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB The two RHIC rings have independent rf systems to accommodate different species. Thus, the radio frequencies can differ when the-phase and radial loops are closed, and the rf frequencies of the two rings are not synchronized. A radio frequency difference leads to longitudinally moving beam crossing points. When the crossing points are between the beam splitting dipoles, the beams experience the beam-beam interaction. Outside the interaction region the beam-beam interaction is switched off. In this way the tune is modulated. A computation of the tune modulation depth, pulse shape and frequency is presented. Tune modulation measurements are shown. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fischer, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 252 EP 255 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800056 ER PT S AU Shiltsev, V Alexahin, Y Bishofberger, K Kuznetsov, G Solyak, N Tiunov, M Zhang, X AF Shiltsev, V Alexahin, Y Bishofberger, K Kuznetsov, G Solyak, N Tiunov, M Zhang, X BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Progress report on beam-beam compensation with electron lenses in Tevatron SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB We discuss the original idea of beam-beam compensation (BBC) in Section I, sequence of events in 2001-2002 and use of the Tevatron Electron Beam (TEL) for DC beam removal in Section II, (anti)proton lifetime improvement in Section III, experimental data on the BBC attempts in Section IV and, conclusively, Section V is devoted to discussion on important phenomena, needed improvements and future plans. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Shiltsev, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800057 ER PT S AU Erdelyi, B Sen, T AF Erdelyi, B Sen, T BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Wire map and applications to long-range beam-beam compensation SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB Long range beam-beam effects play an important role in the Tevatron. Active compensation is envisaged by current wires, as proposed recently for the LHC. Here, we present the first steps in this program, namely the principle of the compensation, the derivation of the transfer map of the wire, potentially increasing robustness by utilizing wire cages, and some very preliminary results of application to the Tevatron at injection energy. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Erdelyi, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS-220, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 261 EP 264 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800058 ER PT S AU Qiang, J Furman, M Ryne, RD Fischer, W Sen, T Xiao, MQ AF Qiang, J Furman, M Ryne, RD Fischer, W Sen, T Xiao, MQ BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Parallel strong-strong/strong-weak simulations of beam-beam interaction in hadron accelerators SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB In this paper, we present the results of using a parallel computational tool, BeamBeam3D, developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, for strong-strong/strong-weak modeling of the beam-beam effects in three hadron accelerators: RHIC, Tevatron and LHC. This tool calculates self-consistently the electromagnetic beam-beam forces for arbitrary distributions and separation during each collision when a strong-strong beam-beam interaction model is used. When a strong-weak model is used, the code has the option of using a Gaussian approximation for the strong beam. Using the strong-strong model, we have studied the effect of time modulated offset beam-beam interaction on the emittance growth in the RHIC and LHC. We observed an extra 0.04% emittance growth after 300, 000 turns in the RHIC where the time-averaged beam-beam offset is one transverse rms beam size and the modulation frequency is 10 Hz. There is no significant additional emittance growth in the LHC after one million turns where the time-averaged offset is zero. Using the strong-weak model, we have also studied the antiproton lifetime subject to 72 long range beam-beam interactions at 150 GeV injection energy in the Tevatron. The simulation shows a qualitative agreement with the experimental observation of the smaller antiproton emittance having a longer lifetime. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qiang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 278 EP 281 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800062 ER PT S AU Chao, A AF Chao, A BE Wei, J Fischer, W Manning, P TI Halo generation and beam cleaning by resonance trapping SO BEAM HALO DYNAMICS, DIAGNOSTICS, AND COLLIMATION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Beam Halo Dynamics, Diagnostics, and Collimation held in Conjunction with Workshop on Beam-Beam Interactions CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL MONTAUK, NY SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, US DOE, Brookhaven Sci Assoc, ICFA AB One of the mechanisms of halo generation occurs when particles are trapped by a nonlinear resonance v approximate to m/p as the tune v is being modulated. This note is intended to renew some attention to this mechanism, and hopefully to trigger new study to understand it more quantitatively. This same mechanism used in reverse could serve to clean beam halos and to relax requirements on the collimators. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Chao, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0166-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 693 BP 291 EP 292 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BY48L UT WOS:000189346800065 ER PT S AU Early, JT AF Early, JT BE Pakhomov, AV TI Large space telescopes using Fresnel lens for power beaming, astronomy and sail missions SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion CY NOV 05-07, 2002 CL UNIV ALABAMA, HUNTSVILLE, AL SP NASA George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NASA Exptl Program Stimulate Competit Res, Alabama Space Grant Consortium, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Univ Alabama Huntsville, Propuls Res Ctr, Seoul Natl Univ, BK-21 Mech Engn Res Div, Rensselaer Polytech Inst HO UNIV ALABAMA AB The concept of using Fresnel optics as part of power beaming, astronomy or sail systems has been suggested by several authors. The primary issues for large Fresnel optics are the difficulties in fabricating these structures and deploying them in space and for astronomy missions the extremely narrow frequency range of these optics. In proposals where the telescope is used to transmit narrow frequency laser power, the narrow bandwidth has not been an issue. In applications where the optic is to be used as part of a telescope, only around 10(-5) to 10(-6) of the optical energy in a narrow frequency band can be focused into an image. The limited frequency response of a Fresnel optic is addressed by the use of a corrective optic that will broaden the frequency response of the telescope by three or four orders of magnitude. This broadening will dramatically increase the optical power capabilities of the system and will allow some spectroscopy studies over a limited range. Both the fabrication of Fresnel optics as large as five meters and the use of corrector optics for telescopes have been demonstrated at LLNL. For solar and laser sail missions the use of Fresnel amplitude zone plates made of very thin sail material is also discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Early, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0126-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 664 BP 399 EP 407 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BW81G UT WOS:000183255300038 ER PT S AU Herczeg, P AF Herczeg, P BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV TI Time-reversal violation in beta decay SO BEYOND THE DESERT 2002: ACCELERATOR, NON-ACCELERATOR AND SPACE APPROACHES IN THE NEW MILLENIUM SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL Oulu, FINLAND ID CP VIOLATION; QUARK; INVARIANCE; NE-19; TESTS; LIMIT AB We review and discuss the current status of T-odd correlations in beta decay. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Herczeg, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0934-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2003 BP 161 EP 170 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAN30 UT WOS:000222945200011 ER PT S AU Ward, TE AF Ward, TE BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV TI Electroweak mixing and the generation of massive gauge bosons SO BEYOND THE DESERT 2002: ACCELERATOR, NON-ACCELERATOR AND SPACE APPROACHES IN THE NEW MILLENIUM SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL Oulu, FINLAND AB A simplified extension of electroweak mixing using off-diagonal mixing of scalar (higgs), vector (electroweak) and tensor (spin-2) gauge fields with the EW electromagnetic field removes the degeneracy of the multiple gauge boson states. Mixing in this manner provides unique energy solutions of the multiplets and the masses of the massive neutral gauge boson states. The matrices are solved using the best fit value of the mixing angle, sin(2) theta(w) = 0.23212(44), the experimental masses of the W and Z bosons, and the massless photon and graviton. This analysis predicts the following mass values: Higgs singlet (112.70 GeV), Higgs doublet (charged 169.54 GeV and neutral 218.91 GeV) and a residual massive neutral tensor gauge boson (8.085 GeV). The residual gauge boson is a good candidate for the dark matter particle, yielding from cosmological considerations Omega(darkmatter) =0.2710, Omega(baryon) =0.0315 and Omega(darkenergy) =0.6975. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Ward, TE (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0934-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2003 BP 171 EP 179 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAN30 UT WOS:000222945200012 ER PT S AU Dragowsky, MR AF Dragowsky, MR CA SNO Collaboration BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV TI Neutrino flavor transformation observed by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SO BEYOND THE DESERT 2002: ACCELERATOR, NON-ACCELERATOR AND SPACE APPROACHES IN THE NEW MILLENIUM SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL Oulu, FINLAND ID CALIBRATION SOURCE; SOLAR MODELS; FLUX AB The total (active) and electron neutrino B-8 solar neutrino flux as measured by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is presented. The difference between these fluxes provides direct evidence for neutrino flavor transformation and resolves the Solar Neutrino Problem in favor of neutrino physics. The SNO day and night energy spectra are compared with the MSW model for matter enhanced two-flavor neutrino oscillations both singly and in a global analysis. The global analysis strongly favors the LMA region in this model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dragowsky, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0934-2 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2003 BP 273 EP 289 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAN30 UT WOS:000222945200018 ER PT S AU Herczeg, P AF Herczeg, P BE KlapdorKeingrothaus, HV TI CP-violating electron-nucleon interactions and CP-violation beyond the Standard Model SO BEYOND THE DESERT 2003 SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Particle Physics Beyond the Standard Model CY JUN 09-14, 2003 CL Castle Ringberg, GERMANY ID DIPOLE MOMENT; TENSOR CHARGE; T-VIOLATION; P-VIOLATION; LEPTOQUARK; QUARK; SPIN; ODD; PROTON; ATOMS AB We review and discuss CPT invariant, CP- and P-violating electron-quark interactions in extensions of the Standard Model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM herczeg@lanl.gov NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-21843-2 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2003 VL 92 BP 147 EP 162 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BAP83 UT WOS:000223170300008 ER PT J AU Snellinx, Z Taghavi, S Vangronsveld, J van der Lelie, D AF Snellinx, Z Taghavi, S Vangronsveld, J van der Lelie, D TI Microbial consortia that degrade 2,4-DNT by interspecies metabolism: isolation and characterisation SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE 2,4-DNT; nitroaromatic compounds; consortium; ecology ID SP STRAIN DNT; PSEUDOMONAS-SP; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; DIOXYGENASE; OXYGENASE; PATHWAY AB Two consortia, isolated by selective enrichment from a soil sample of a nitroaromatic-contaminated site, degraded 2,4-DNT as their sole nitrogen source without accumulating one or more detectable intermediates. Though originating from the same sample, the optimised consortia had no common members, indicating that selective enrichment resulted in different end points. Consortium 1 and consortium 2 contained four and six bacterial species respectively, but both had two members that were able to collectively degrade 2,4-DNT. Variovorax paradoxus VM685 ( consortium 1) and Pseudomonas sp. VM908 ( consortium 2) initiate the catabolism of 2,4-DNT by an oxidation step, thereby releasing nitrite and forming 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol (4M5NC). Both strains contained a gene similar to the dntAa gene encoding 2,4-DNT dioxygenase. They subsequently metabolised 4M5NC to 2-hydroxy-5- methylquinone (2H5MQ) and nitrite, indicative of DntB or 4M5NC monooxygenase activity. A second consortium member, Pseudomonas marginalis VM683 ( consortium 1) and P. aeruginosa VM903, Sphingomonas sp. VM904, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia VM905 or P. viridiflava VM907 ( consortium 2), was found to be indispensable for efficient growth of the consortia on 2,4-DNT and for efficient metabolisation of the intermediates 4M5NC and 2H5MQ. Knowledge about the interactions in this step of the degradation pathway is rather limited. In addition, both consortia can use 2,4-DNT as sole nitrogen and carbon source. A gene similar to the dntD gene of Burkholderia sp. strain DNT that catalyses ring fission was demonstrated by DNA hybridisation in the second member strains. To our knowledge, this is the first time that consortia are shown to be necessary for 2,4-DNT degradation. C1 Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, Environm Technol Expertise Ctr, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Limburgs Univ Ctr, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. RP van der Lelie, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1023/A:1023539104747 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 673KM UT WOS:000182580200003 PM 12801097 ER PT J AU Lathrop, J AF Lathrop, J TI Thomas Tenforde, recipient of the 2001 d'Arsonval Award SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Bioelectromagnet Sect, Richland, WA USA. RP Lathrop, J (reprint author), 750 Cherry Valley Rd, Gilford, NH 03249 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD JAN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1002/bem.10089 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 628UD UT WOS:000180014200001 ER PT J AU Tenforde, TS AF Tenforde, TS TI The wonders of magnetism SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE award address; static magnetic field; ELF magnetic field; microelectrophoresis; exposure guidelines ID DATA-ACQUISITION CAPABILITIES; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE-CHARGE; FIELDS; PERMEABILITY; DOSIMETER; PROTEOMES; EXPOSURE; GHZ AB In this acceptance address for the Bioelectromagnetics Society's 2001 d'Arsonval Award, Dr. Tenforde reviews the highlights of the nonionizing field aspects of his research and scientific service career. These are focused in four areas: (a) development and application of microelectrophoretic methods to probe the surface chemistry of normal and cancerous cells; (b) research on the biophysical mechanisms of interaction and the dosimetry of static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields; (c) application of extremely high intensity magnetic fields in several spectroscopic methods for probing the detailed structures of large biological macromolecules; and (d) development of national and international guidelines for the exposure of workers and members of the general public to electromagnetic fields with frequencies spanning the entire nonionizing electromagnetic spectrum. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss,Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Tenforde, TS (reprint author), Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Ave,Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM tenforde@ncrp.com NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD JAN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1002/bem.10090 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 628UD UT WOS:000180014200002 PM 12483660 ER PT S AU Zhang, H Lindberg, S Gustin, M Xu, XH AF Zhang, H Lindberg, S Gustin, M Xu, XH BE Cai, Y Braids, OC TI Toward a better understanding of mercury emissions from soils SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPORTANT TRACE ELEMENTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements held at 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; DEPOSITION; PENINSULA; NEVADA; SMOKE; MODEL AB Despite progress in the last decade in the research of Hg emission from soils, considerable knowledge gaps still exist and point to the need for further extensive and elaborate research in this field. In this chapter, we discuss these uncertainties and identify some future priorities for the research of soil Hg emission. Our intension is to promote a more extensive and critical assessment of our current knowledge and understanding on soil Hg emissions and their effect on global Hg cycling. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3805-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 835 BP 246 EP 261 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Chemistry; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BW08C UT WOS:000180815400018 ER PT J AU Carnes, BA Olshansky, SJ Grahn, D AF Carnes, BA Olshansky, SJ Grahn, D TI Biological evidence for limits to the duration of life SO BIOGERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE life expectancy; limits; longevity; mortality ID TOTAL-BODY POTASSIUM; HUMAN LONGEVITY; PATERNAL AGE; MORTALITY; EVOLUTION; FERTILITY; FUTURE; DEATH; MASS AB Projections of duration of life for humans based on mathematical models have led some researchers to claim that there is no lower limit to death rates or upper limit to life expectancy, and that a life expectancy of 100 will be achieved in the 21st century. To assess the biological plausibility of these claims, we examined temporal aspects of biological phenomena in three mammalian species. Our examination revealed that: (1) physiological declines associated with reproduction consistently occur at ages that are less than one-third of the median age at death, (2) physiological parameters associated with aging in humans lose eighty percent of their functional capacity by age 80, and (3) young versus old individuals can be distinguished by the pathologies detected at death. The biological evidence suggests that organisms operate under warranty periods that limit the duration of life of individuals and the life expectancy of populations. We use these findings to discuss the issue of limits to the duration of life and the validity of mathematical models used to forecast human longevity. C1 Univ Chicago, Natl Opin Res Ctr, Ctr Aging, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carnes, BA (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Natl Opin Res Ctr, Ctr Aging, 1155 E 60th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 73 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-5729 J9 BIOGERONTOLOGY JI Biogerontology PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 31 EP 45 DI 10.1023/A:1022425317536 PG 15 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 646ZZ UT WOS:000181067900005 PM 12652187 ER PT J AU Silver, RB AF Silver, RB TI Microinjection: Promises and pitfalls. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Physiol, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA TW2 BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400003 ER PT J AU Mei, Y Miller, L Gao, W Gross, RA AF Mei, Y Miller, L Gao, W Gross, RA TI Imaging the distribution and secondary structure of immobilized enzymes using infrared microspectroscopy SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CANDIDA-ANTARCTICA; LIPASE-B; SPECTROSCOPY; SUPPORTS; PROTEINS; ESTERIFICATION; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA; ESTERS AB Synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy (SIRMS) was used for the first time to image the distribution and secondary structure of an enzyme (lipase B from Candida antarctica, CALB) immobilized within a macroporous polymer matrix (poly(methyl methacrylate)) at 10 mum resolution. The beads of this catalyst (Novozyme435) were cut into thin sections (12 mum). SIRMS imaging of these thin sections revealed that the enzyme is localized in an external shell of the bead with a thickness of 80-100 mum. Also, the enzyme was unevenly distributed throughout this shell. Furthermore, by SIRMS-generated spectra, it was found that CALB secondary structure was not altered by immobilization. Unlike CALB, polystyrene molecules of similar molecular weight diffuse easily throughout Novozyme435 beads. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images of the Novozyme435 beads showed that the average pore size is 10 times larger than CALB or polystyrene molecules, implying that there is no physical barrier to enzyme or substrate diffusion throughout the bead. Thus, the difference between polystyrene and enzyme diffusivity suggests that protein-matrix and protein-protein interactions govern the distribution of the enzyme within the macroporous resin. C1 Polytech Univ, NSF, I UCRC Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, MetroTech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gross, RA (reprint author), Polytech Univ, NSF, I UCRC Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, MetroTech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 29 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1021/bm025811t PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 635YW UT WOS:000180428600012 PM 12523849 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, I Scurlock, JMO Lindvall, E Christou, M AF Lewandowski, I Scurlock, JMO Lindvall, E Christou, M TI The development and current status of perennial rhizomatous grasses as energy crops in the US and Europe SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Review DE perennial rhizomatous grasses; switchgrass; miscanthus; reed canarygrass; giant reed; bioenergy ID MISCANTHUS-X-GIGANTEUS; PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA L; REED CANARY GRASS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; HERBACEOUS CROPS; BIOENERGY CROP; ARUNDO-DONAX; C-4 GRASSES; SWITCHGRASS; GENOTYPES AB Perennial grasses display many beneficial attributes as energy crops, and there has been increasing interest in their use in the US and Europe since the mid-1980s. In the US, the Herbaceous Energy Crops Research Program (HECP), funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE), was established in 1984. After evaluating 35 potential herbaceous crops of which 18 were perennial grasses it was concluded that switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was the native perennial grass which showed the greatest potential. In 1991, the DOE's Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program (BFDP), which evolved from the HECP, decided to focus research on a "model" crop system and to concentrate research resources on switchgrass, in order to rapidly attain its maximal output as a biomass crop. In Europe, about 20 perennial grasses have been tested and four perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRG), namely miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), giant reed (Arundo donax) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) were chosen for more extensive research programs. Reed canarygrass and giant reed are grasses with the C-3 photosynthetic pathway, and are native to Europe. Miscanthus, which originated in Southeast Asia, and switchgrass, native to North America, are both C-4 grasses. These four grasses differ in their ecological/climatic demands, their yield potentials, biomass characteristics and crop management requirements. Efficient production of bioenergy from such perennial grasses requires the choice of the most appropriate grass species for the given ecological/climatic conditions. In temperate and warm regions, C-4 grasses outyield C-3 grasses due to their more efficient photosynthetic pathway. However, the further north perennial grasses are planted, the more likely cool season grasses are to yield more than warm season grasses. Low winter temperatures and short vegetation periods are major limits to the growth of C-4 grasses in northern Europe. With increasing temperatures towards central and southern Europe, the productivity of C-4 grasses and therefore their biomass yields and competitiveness increase. Since breeding of and research on perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRG) is comparatively recent, there is still a significant need for further development. Some of the given limitations, like insufficient biomass quality or the need for adaption to certain ecological/climatic zones, may be overcome by breeding varieties especially for biomass production. Furthermore, sure and cost-effective establishment methods for some of the grasses, and effective crop production and harvest methods, have yet to be developed. This review summarizes the experience with selecting perennial grasses for bioenergy production in both the US and Europe, and gives an overview of the characteristics and requirements of the four most investigated perennial rhizomatous grasses; switchgrass, miscanthus, reed canarygrass and giant reed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utrecht, Dept Sci Technol & Society, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev & Innovat, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Svalof Weibull AB, S-90403 Umea, Sweden. Ctr Renewable Energy Sources, Pikermi Attikis 19009, Greece. RP Lewandowski, I (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Sci Technol & Society, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev & Innovat, Padualaan 14, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. OI Lewandowski, Iris/0000-0002-0388-4521 NR 127 TC 622 Z9 709 U1 16 U2 179 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 335 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00030-8 PG 27 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 716QZ UT WOS:000185041000001 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CP Overend, RP Azmeh, S AF Mitchell, CP Overend, RP Azmeh, S TI Untitled SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Forestry, Aberdeen AB24 5UA, Scotland. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Elsevier Sci, Oxford, England. RP Mitchell, CP (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Forestry, 581 King St, Aberdeen AB24 5UA, Scotland. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 AR PII S0961-9534(02)00117-4 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 629ZX UT WOS:000180083800001 ER PT S AU Grynaviski, NMH Auciello, O Carlisle, JA Gerbi, JE Gruen, DM Moore, JF Zinovev, A Firestone, MA AF Grynaviski, NMH Auciello, O Carlisle, JA Gerbi, JE Gruen, DM Moore, JF Zinovev, A Firestone, MA BE Ozkan, CS Santini, JT Gao, H Bao, G TI Ultrananocrystalline diamond-biomolecular composites: Towards BioMEMS SO BIOMICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (BIOMEMS) SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biomicroelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMS) held at the 2003 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, ALZA Corp, Analog Devices, IDG Ventures, MEMS Ind Grp, Micralyne Inc, MicroCHIPS Inc ID MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS MEMS; THIN-FILMS; SURFACES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRODES AB The surface functionalization of ultrananocrystalline (UNCD) thin films has been investigated to develop biocomposite materials for use as BioMicroEleetroMechanical Systems (BioMEMS). Specifically, hydrophobic, hydrogen-terminated UNCD films have been synthesized using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition technique then surface functionalized using a two-step modification procedure. This procedure produces a mixed submonolayer comprised of chloro- and hydroxyl- terminated alkyl chains chemisorbed to the UNCD surface. This surface modification procedure serves to provide functional groups that will allow for the subsequent attachment of a wide variety of biological macromolecules (e.g., proteins, biomembranes) and the ability to tune the hydrophilic nature of the diamond. The resultant materials have been characterized using surface-sensitive spectroscopies (NEXAFS and XPS). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Firestone, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-710-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 773 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Engineering; Materials Science GA BY10N UT WOS:000187670400008 ER PT S AU De Yoreo, JJ Vekilov, PG AF De Yoreo, JJ Vekilov, PG BE Dove, PM DeYoreo, JJ Weiner, S TI Principles of crystal nucleation and growth SO BIOMINERALIZATION SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Shorte Course on Biomineralization CY DEC 06-07, 2003 CL NAPA VALLEY, CALIFORNIA SP Geochem Soc, Mineral Soc Amer ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; APOFERRITIN CRYSTALLIZATION; MEDIATED CRYSTALLIZATION; NUCLEUS STRUCTURE; CALCITE GROWTH; STEP KINETICS; IMPURITY; BIOMINERALIZATION; THERMODYNAMICS; HYDRATION C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP De Yoreo, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 91 TC 344 Z9 345 U1 38 U2 213 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-93995-066-9 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2003 VL 54 BP 57 EP 93 DI 10.2113/0540057 PG 37 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BY41R UT WOS:000189200000003 ER PT J AU Sonnleitner, A Isacoff, E AF Sonnleitner, A Isacoff, E TI Single ion channel imaging SO BIOPHOTONICS, PT B SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SHAKER K+ CHANNEL; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; VOLTAGE SENSOR; S4 SEGMENT; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; SODIUM-CHANNELS; GATING CHARGE; LIPID BILAYER; MOVEMENT C1 Upper Austrian Res GmbH, Dept Biomed Nanotechnol, A-4020 Linz, Austria. Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Phys Biosci Div, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sonnleitner, A (reprint author), Upper Austrian Res GmbH, Dept Biomed Nanotechnol, A-4020 Linz, Austria. FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01NS35549] NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2003 VL 361 BP 304 EP 319 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BW29A UT WOS:000181447900014 PM 12624917 ER PT B AU Zweig, G AF Zweig, G BE Gummer, AW TI Cellular cooperation in cochlear mechanics SO BIOPHYSICS OF THE COCHLEA: FROM MOLECULES TO MODELS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biophysics of the Cochlea - Molecules to Models CY JUL 27-AUG 07, 2002 CL TITISEE, GERMANY ID NONLINEARITY AB Two contrasting views of cochlear mechanics are compared with each other, and with experiment. The first posits that all qualitative features of the nonlinear cochlear response are those of a simple dynamical system poised at a Hopf bifurcation, the second argues that the cochlear response must be found with 3-D simulations. Hopf bifurcations are explained, and their consequences explored. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zweig, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, MS B-276, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zweig@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-304-2 PY 2003 BP 315 EP 330 DI 10.1142/9789812704931_0045 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Biophysics; Cell Biology; Otorhinolaryngology SC Acoustics; Biophysics; Cell Biology; Otorhinolaryngology GA BCM39 UT WOS:000229998300045 ER PT J AU Jamin, N Miller, L Moncuit, J Fridman, WH Dumas, P Teillaud, JL AF Jamin, N Miller, L Moncuit, J Fridman, WH Dumas, P Teillaud, JL TI Chemical heterogeneity in cell death: Combined synchrotron IR and fluorescence microscopy studies of single apoptotic and necrotic cells SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE IR microspectroscopy; cell death; apoptosis; necrosis ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LEUKEMIA-CELLS; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; LIVING CELLS; CYCLE; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; MICROSPECTROMETRY; LYMPHOCYTES; PROTEINS; TISSUE AB The combination of synchrotron IR microspectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy has led to the identification of specific IR signatures of apoptosis and necrosis at a single cell level. Apoptosis was induced by treatment of Fas(+) tumor cell lines with anti-Fas monoclonal antibodies. Detection of the early and late stages of apoptosis was performed using conjugated annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (AV-FITC) and propidium iodide. Very early cellular changes were detected by IR before externalization of phosphatidylserine and AV-FITC labeling, and they were probably linked to DNA unwinding. The IR signals at 1044, 1177, and 1222 cm(-1), as well as an intensity variation in the CH. stretching region, are the main signature changes of early and late apoptosis, in line with the hypothesis of DNA fragmentation. The increased intensity of the CH. stretching bands of the lipids was observed only at an early stage of apoptosis. Changes in the relative intensity of CH3 and CH2 stretching accompany this increased intensity, suggesting changes in the relative amount and/or type of lipids concomitant with an increased lipid content. Finally, necrotic cells were characterized by marked changes in their chemical composition because several new vibrational features were observed. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 CEA Saclay, DBJC, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, CNRS, URA 2096, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ctr Rech Biomed Cordeliers, INSERM, U255, F-75270 Paris 06, France. Ctr Univ Paris Sud, Lab Utilisat Rayonnement Electromagnet, F-91898 Orsay, France. RP Jamin, N (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DBJC, Batement 532, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 24 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 72 IS 5 BP 366 EP 373 DI 10.1002/bip.10435 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 718BP UT WOS:000185125500007 PM 12949827 ER PT J AU Arakawa, ET Tuminello, PS Khare, BN Milham, ME AF Arakawa, ET Tuminello, PS Khare, BN Milham, ME TI Optical properties of Erwinia herbicola bacteria at 0.190-2.50 mu m SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE optical properties; bioaerosol detection; bacteria; Erwina herbicola; Enterobacter agglomerans; Pantoea agglomerans; complex index of refraction ID AIRBORNE BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES; REAL-TIME DETECTION; FLUORESCENCE; BIOAEROSOLS AB We measure the complex index of refraction of Erwina herbicola (also known as Enterobacter agglomerans or Pantoea agglornerans) bacteria (ATTC 33243) over the spectral region from 0.190 to 2.50 mum (4000-52,632 cm(-1)). Transmission measurements are made on solid films of E. herbicola and on suspensions of the bacteria in water. These measurements, combined with spectral reflectance and Kramers-Kronig analysis, allow the determination of the real and imaginary parts over the entire wavelength interval. Accurate and consistent results are obtained for this complex and difficult to measure material. This is part of a continuing series of measurements of the optical constants of representative biological materials that are applicable to the development of methods for detection of airborne biological contaminants, where the material under study is used as a surrogate for a pathogenic agent. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Milham, ME (reprint author), Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 72 IS 5 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1002/bip.10438 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 718BP UT WOS:000185125500009 PM 12949829 ER PT J AU Melnyk, RA Partridge, AW Yang, D Bowie, JU Deber, CM AF Melnyk, RA Partridge, AW Yang, D Bowie, JU Deber, CM TI Transmembrane peptide-based inhibitors of membrane protein folding and function SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th American Peptide Symposium CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS C1 Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 71 IS 3 MA LY12 BP 279 EP 279 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 696GG UT WOS:000183878800013 ER PT J AU Melnyk, RA Partridge, AW Yang, D Bowie, JU Deber, CM AF Melnyk, RA Partridge, AW Yang, D Bowie, JU Deber, CM TI Transmembrane peptide-based inhibitors of membrane protein folding and function SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th American Peptide Symposium CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS C1 Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 71 IS 3 MA P033 BP 312 EP 312 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 696GG UT WOS:000183878800158 ER PT J AU Camarero, JA de Yoreo, J Fushman, D AF Camarero, JA de Yoreo, J Fushman, D TI Using NMR and segmental isotopic labeling to elucidate the role of the N-terminal region of sigma(70)-like factors in regulating binding of bacterial RNA polymerase to DNA promoter SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th American Peptide Symposium CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 71 IS 3 MA P055 BP 316 EP 317 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 696GG UT WOS:000183878800178 ER PT J AU Camarero, JA de Yoreo, J Mitchell, AR AF Camarero, JA de Yoreo, J Mitchell, AR TI A new Fmoc-compatible method for the solid-phase synthesis of peptide C-terminal alpha-thioesters SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th American Peptide Symposium CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 71 IS 3 MA P274 BP 363 EP 363 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 696GG UT WOS:000183878800397 ER PT J AU Ding, FX Arshava, B VerBerkmoes, NC Becker, JM Naider, F AF Ding, FX Arshava, B VerBerkmoes, NC Becker, JM Naider, F TI The cytosolic carboxyl terminus of Ste2p acts as a solubilizing template to study the structure of transmembrane domains of GPCRs SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th American Peptide Symposium CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS C1 CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spect Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 71 IS 3 MA P402 BP 390 EP 390 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 696GG UT WOS:000183878800524 ER PT J AU Easwaran, K Jois, S Ramesh, J AF Easwaran, K Jois, S Ramesh, J TI Conformation, ion-binding properties and aggregation of a cyclic peptide with alternating D, L and L, D sequences. SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th American Peptide Symposium CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Pharm, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PY 2003 VL 71 IS 3 MA P401 BP 390 EP 390 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 696GG UT WOS:000183878800523 ER PT J AU Pande, VS Baker, I Chapman, J Elmer, SP Khaliq, S Larson, SM Rhee, YM Shirts, MR Snow, CD Sorin, EJ Zagrovic, B AF Pande, VS Baker, I Chapman, J Elmer, SP Khaliq, S Larson, SM Rhee, YM Shirts, MR Snow, CD Sorin, EJ Zagrovic, B TI Atomistic protein folding simulations on the submillisecond time scale using worldwide distributed computing SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE atomistic protein folding; microsecond time scale; computer hardware; computer algorithms; molecular dynamics; distributed computing; villin; beta hairpin ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; BETA-HAIRPIN FORMATION; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; NONBIOLOGICAL HELIX; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; MOLTEN GLOBULE; TRANSITION; PATHWAYS; MODEL; KINETICS AB Atomistic simulations of protein folding have the potential to be a great complement to experimental studies, but have been severely limited by the time scales accessible with current computer hardware and algorithms. By employing a worldwide distributed computing network of tens of thousands of PCs and algorithms designed to efficiently utilize this new many-processor, highly heterogeneous, loosely coupled distributed computing paradigm, we have been able to simulate hundreds of microseconds of atomistic molecular dynamics. This has allowed us to directly simulate the folding mechanism and to accurately predict the folding rate of several fast-folding proteins and polymers, including a nonbiological helix, polypeptide alpha-helices, a beta-hairpin, and a three-helix bundle protein from the villin headpiece. Our results demonstrate that one can reach the time scales needed to simulate fast folding using distributed computing, and that potential sets used to describe interatomic interactions are sufficiently accurate to reach the folded state with experimentally validated rates, at least for small proteins. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Biophys Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Pande, VS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pande@stanford.edu RI Rhee, Young/E-9940-2012; Snow, Christopher/K-3496-2015 OI Snow, Christopher/0000-0002-7690-3519 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1P20 GM64782-01] NR 47 TC 215 Z9 221 U1 1 U2 32 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD JAN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 91 EP 109 DI 10.1002/bip.10219 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 632ED UT WOS:000180210000008 PM 12579582 ER PT J AU Jiang, K Zhong, B Ritchey, C Gilvary, DL Hong-Geller, E Wei, S Djeu, JY AF Jiang, K Zhong, B Ritchey, C Gilvary, DL Hong-Geller, E Wei, S Djeu, JY TI Regulation of Akt-dependent cell survival by Syk and Rac SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-B; PTEN TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; JAK-3 JANUS KINASE; FC-EPSILON-RI; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR; TYROSINE KINASES; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE 3-KINASE; IL-2 RECEPTOR AB Interleukin-2 (IL-2) prevents cell apoptosis and promotes survival, but the Involved mechanisms have not been completely defined. Although phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) has been implicated in IL-2-mediated survival mechanisms, none of the 3 chains of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) expresses a binding site for PI 3-kinase. However, IL-2Rbeta does express a Syk-binding motif. By using an IL-2-dependent natural killer (NK) cell line, followed by validation of the results in fresh human NK cells, we identified Syk as a critical effector essential for IL-2-mediated pro-survival signaling in NK cells. Down-regulation of Syk by piceatannol treatment impaired NK cellular viability and induced prominent apoptosis as effectively as suppression of PI 3-kinase function by LY294002. Expression of kinase-deficient Syk or pretreatment with piceatannol markedly suppressed IL-2-stimulated activation of PI 3-kinase and Akt, demonstrating that Syk is up-stream of PI 3-kinase and Akt. However, constitutively active PI 3-kinase reversed this loss of Akt function caused by kinase-deficient Syk or piceatannol. Thus, Syk appears to regulate PI 3-kinase, which controls Akt activity during IL-2 stimulation. More Important, we observed Rac1 activation by IL-2 and found that it mediated PI3-kinase activation of Akt. This conclusion came from experiments In which dominant-negative Rac1 significantly decreased IL-2-induced AM activation, whereas constitutively active Rac1 reelevated Akt activity not only in Syk-impaired but also in PI 3-kinase-impaired NK cells. These results constitute the first report of a Syk --> PI3K --> Rac1 --> Akt signal cascade controlled by IL-2 that mediates NK cell survival. (C) 2003 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Interdisciplinary Oncol, H Lee Moffit Canc Ctr & Res Inst,Immunol Program, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Djeu, JY (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Interdisciplinary Oncol, H Lee Moffit Canc Ctr & Res Inst,Immunol Program, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. EM djeu@moffitt.usf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA83146] NR 65 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 236 EP 244 DI 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1251 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 630ZT UT WOS:000180142500035 PM 12393431 ER PT J AU Da Costa, L Narla, G Willig, TN Peters, LL Parra, M Fixler, J Tchernia, G Mohandas, N AF Da Costa, L Narla, G Willig, TN Peters, LL Parra, M Fixler, J Tchernia, G Mohandas, N TI Ribosomal protein S19 expression during erythroid differentiation SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY ELEMENTS; DIAMOND-BLACKFAN ANEMIA; PROCESSED PSEUDOGENES; MESSENGER-RNAS; ENCODING GENE; DNA-SEQUENCE; L30 GENE; PROMOTER; BINDING AB The gene encoding ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) has been shown to be mutated in 25% of the patients affected by Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a congenital erythroblastopenia. As the role of RPS19 in erythropoiesis is still to be defined, we performed studies on RPS19 expression during terminal erythroid differentiation. Comparative analysis of the genomic sequences of human and mouse RPS19 genes enabled the identification of 4 conserved sequence elements in the 5' region. Characterization of transcriptional elements allowed the Identification of the promoter in the human RPS19 gene and the localization of,a strong regulatory element in the third conserved sequence element. By Northern blot and Western blot analyses of murine splenic erythroblasts infected with the anemia-inducing strain Friend virus (FAV cells), RPS19 mRNA and protein expression were shown to decrease during terminal erythroid differentiation. We anticipate that these findings will contribute to further development of our understanding of the contribution of RPS19 to erythropolesis. (C) 2003 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Univ Paris 11, INSERM U473, Hop Bicetre, Lab Hematol,AP HP,Fac Med, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. RP Da Costa, L (reprint author), New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Lab, 310 E 67th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL064885, HL64885]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK26263] NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 1 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1131 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 630ZT UT WOS:000180142500048 PM 12393682 ER PT J AU Moses, AM Chiang, DY Kellis, M Lander, ES Eisen, MB AF Moses, AM Chiang, DY Kellis, M Lander, ES Eisen, MB TI Position specific variation in the rate of evolution in transcription factor binding sites SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DNA RECOGNITION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; PROTEIN; CODE; CONSERVATION; SUBSTITUTION; ALGORITHMS; SEQUENCES AB Background: The binding sites of sequence specific transcription factors are an important and relatively well-understood class of functional non-coding DNAs. Although a wide variety of experimental and computational methods have been developed to characterize transcription factor binding sites, they remain difficult to identify. Comparison of non-coding DNA from related species has shown considerable promise in identifying these functional non-coding sequences, even though relatively little is known about their evolution. Results: Here we analyse the genome sequences of the budding yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. bayanus, S. paradoxus and S. mikatae to study the evolution of transcription factor binding sites. As expected, we find that both experimentally characterized and computationally predicted binding sites evolve slower than surrounding sequence, consistent with the hypothesis that they are under purifying selection. We also observe position-specific variation in the rate of evolution within binding sites. We find that the position-specific rate of evolution is positively correlated with degeneracy among binding sites within S. cerevisiae. We test theoretical predictions for the rate of evolution at positions where the base frequencies deviate from background due to purifying selection and find reasonable agreement with the observed rates of evolution. Finally, we show how the evolutionary characteristics of real binding motifs can be used to distinguish them from artefacts of computational motif finding algorithms. Conclusion: As has been observed for protein sequences, the rate of evolution in transcription factor binding sites varies with position, suggesting that some regions are under stronger functional constraint than others. This variation likely reflects the varying importance of different positions in the formation of the protein-DNA complex. The characterization of the pattern of evolution in known binding sites will likely contribute to the effective use of comparative sequence data in the identification of transcription factor binding sites and is an important step toward understanding the evolution of functional non-coding DNA. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Whitehead MIT Ctr Genome Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Berkele, Div Life Sci, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eisen, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM amoses@lbl.gov; dchiang@ocf.berkeley.edu; manoli@mit.edu; lander@genome.wi.mit.edu; mbeisen@lbl.gov NR 47 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PY 2003 VL 3 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-3-19 PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 763VX UT WOS:000188122100019 PM 12946282 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Spencer, JQ Ma, HZ Barnard, PL Derbyshire, E Finkel, RC Caffee, MW Nian, ZY AF Owen, LA Spencer, JQ Ma, HZ Barnard, PL Derbyshire, E Finkel, RC Caffee, MW Nian, ZY TI Timing of Late Quaternary glaciation along the southwestern slopes of the Qilian Shan, Tibet SO BOREAS LA English DT Article ID INDIAN MONSOON RAINFALL; EURASIAN SNOW COVER; APPARENT RELATIONSHIP; SUMMER MONSOON; YOUNGER DRYAS; ICE SHEETS; MOUNTAINS; HIMALAYA; QUARTZ; LUMINESCENCE AB Moraines along the southwestern slopes of the Qilian Shan were dated using cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) surface exposure techniques to help define the timing of glaciation in northernmost Tibet. The CRN data show glaciers extending 5 - 10 km beyond their present positions during the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and probably maintained at their maximum extent until the Lateglacial. These data help support the view that glaciers throughout Tibet and the Himalaya were maintained at or near their maximum LGM extent until the Lateglacial. An optically stimulated luminescence date of 11.8 +/- 1.0 ka on silt that caps a latero-frontal moraine shows that glaciers had retreated significantly by the end of the Pleistocene and that loess was beginning to form in this region in response to the changing climate during and after the Younger Dryas Stade. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Saline Lakes, Xining, Qinghai, Peoples R China. Univ London, Royal Holloway, Dept Geog, Quaternary Res Ctr, Surrey YW20 0EX, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 44 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0300-9483 J9 BOREAS JI Boreas PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1080/03009480310001632 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 683XK UT WOS:000183176200001 ER PT B AU Dowla, F Nekoogar, F AF Dowla, F Nekoogar, F BE Heiter, G TI Multiple access in ultra-wideband communications using multiple pulses and the use of least squares filters SO BOSTON 2003 RADIO & WIRELESS RAWCON CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Conference (RAWCON 2003) CY AUG 10-13, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Microware Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Boston Sect, IEEE Commun Soc AB Multiple access (MA) in UWB communication has recently been studied in the context of multiple transmitted-reference short duration chirp pulses in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The transmitted-reference (TR) receiver was extended in previous studies using multiple orthogonal pulses. Improved performance was observed in simulations by sampling the receiver autocorrelation function (ACF) at both zero- and non-zero lags. Sampling of non-zero ACF lags of orthogonal pulses is a novel approach. Method of using least squares filtering techniques for further tolerance against noise and interference for the TR method is proposed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dowla, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7829-6 PY 2003 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BX45A UT WOS:000185329800053 ER PT B AU Luck, DL de Boer, MP Ashurst, WR Baker, MS AF Luck, DL de Boer, MP Ashurst, WR Baker, MS GP IEEE IEEE TI Evidence for pre-sliding tangential deflections in MEMS friction SO BOSTON TRANSDUCERS'03: DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc ID MACHINED SURFACES; INTERFACE; CONTACT; FORCE AB We have developed a new inchworm actuator, consisting of a plate and two frictional clamps, which utilizes leveraged bending for improved amplitude control. Here we investigate its friction characteristics. We measure its average slip per cycle as a function of friction load and independently measure the clamp friction coefficients A model is developed that takes into account the electromechanics of the actuation plate, boundary conditions and clamp friction. We find that the model does not satisfactorily describe the operation of the actuator. We attribute this to pre-sliding tangential deflections and devise a test whose results are consistent with this phenomenon. This suggests that stable pre-sliding deflections control the behavior of nanometer-scale slip events in MEMS. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Luck, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7731-1 PY 2003 BP 404 EP 407 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX19B UT WOS:000184567300102 ER PT B AU Sounart, TL Michalske, TA AF Sounart, TL Michalske, TA GP IEEE IEEE TI Electrostatic actuation without electrolysis in microfluidic MEMS SO BOSTON TRANSDUCERS'03: DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc AB Electrostatic actuators exhibit fast response times and are easily integrated into microsystems because they can be fabricated with standard IC micromachining processes and materials. Although electrostatic actuators have been used extensively in "dry" MEMS, they have received little attention in microfluidic systems because of challenges such as electrolysis, anodization, and electrode polarization. Here we demonstrate that ac drive signals can be used to prevent electrode polarization, and thus enable electrostatic actuation in many liquids, at potentials low enough to avoid electrochemistry. We measure the frequency response of an interdigitated comb drive actuator in liquids spanning a decade of dielectric permittivities and four decades of conductivity. The results show that actuation is initiated at frequencies less than 1 MHz, in electrolytes of ionic strength up to 10 mmol/L. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sounart, TL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7731-1 PY 2003 BP 615 EP 618 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX19B UT WOS:000184567300155 ER PT B AU Dougherty, GM Pisano, AP AF Dougherty, GM Pisano, AP GP IEEE IEEE TI Ultrasonic particle manipulation in microchannels using phased co-planar transducers SO BOSTON TRANSDUCERS'03: DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc ID STANDING WAVES; FORCE; LIQUID; CELLS AB We report the demonstration of a new, simple and flexible method of performing ultrasonic particle manipulations within planar microfluidic systems, using a set of ultrasonic transducers co-located on the top (or bottom) of a microchannel and driven with out-of-phase electrical signals. This method allows for the generation of in-plane standing waves while overcoming the integration challenges that have previously hindered the use of ultrasonic methods within microfluidic lab-on-a-chip or micro total analysis systems (muTAS). We present the design of a simple device consisting of a pair of co-planar lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers mounted atop an anistropically etched microchannel, including structural and acoustic finite element analysis (FEA) predictions of the device performance. Test results on suspensions of polystyrene beads show that the performance is in accordance with the analyses and with acoustic radiation force theory. We describe ongoing work on the development of a variety of more advanced and highly integrated devices, based on this method, that are suitable for performing a wide range of ultrasonic particle manipulations within microfluidic systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dougherty, GM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-222,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7731-1 PY 2003 BP 670 EP 673 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX19B UT WOS:000184567300169 ER PT B AU Bennett, DJ Khusid, B Galambos, PC James, CD Okandan, M AF Bennett, DJ Khusid, B Galambos, PC James, CD Okandan, M GP IEEE IEEE TI A dielectrophoretic particle and cell concentrator SO BOSTON TRANSDUCERS'03: DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc AB An experimental and theoretical study is described concerning the dielectric motion of particles in a suspension subject to high-gradient AC electric fields. The experiments were performed on very dilute suspensions of polystyrene latex beads in DI water. Several experiments were run using channels designed with Sandia National Laboratories' SwIFT(TM) (Surface Micromachining with Integrated Fluidic Technologies) process. The SwIFT(TM) process allows for the closest spacing of electrodes achievable using photolithographic patterning. A sinusoidal AC electric field was applied between two electrodes using 10 V peak-to-peak (ptp) and 30 MHz. Negative dielectrophoresis is observed with particles moving towards the low field gradient. The Computational Fluid Dynamics Research Corporation Code (CFDRC) was used to calculate the field gradient. Particle polarizability was calculated by measuring the concentration dependence of the permittivity at specified frequencies using an impedance analyzer. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bennett, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7731-1 PY 2003 BP 1225 EP 1228 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX19B UT WOS:000184567300308 ER PT B AU Okandan, M Wessendorf, K Christenson, T Lemp, T Shul, R Baker, M James, C Myers, R Stein, D AF Okandan, M Wessendorf, K Christenson, T Lemp, T Shul, R Baker, M James, C Myers, R Stein, D GP IEEE IEEE TI MEMS conformal electrode array for retinal implant SO BOSTON TRANSDUCERS'03: DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS 03) CY JUN 08-12, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, Elect Devices Soc AB Retinal prosthesis projects around the world have been pursuing a functional replacement system for patients with retinal degeneration [1-3]. In this paper, the concept for a micromachined conformal electrode array is outlined. Individual electrodes are designed to float on micromachined springs on a substrate that will enable the adjustment of spring constants - and therefore contact force - by adjusting the dimensions of the springs at each electrode. This also allows the accommodation of the varying curvature/topography of the retina. We believe that this approach provides several advantages by improving the electrode/tissue interface as well as generating some new options for in-situ measurements and overall system design. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Okandan, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7731-1 PY 2003 BP 1643 EP 1646 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX19B UT WOS:000184567300412 ER PT B AU Congdon, JD Nagle, RD Osentoski, MR Kinney, OM Sels, RCV AF Congdon, JD Nagle, RD Osentoski, MR Kinney, OM Sels, RCV BE Finch, CE Robine, JM Christen, Y TI Life history and demographic aspects of aging in the long-lived turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) SO BRAIN AND LONGEVITY SE RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES IN LONGEVITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Brain and Longevity CY OCT 08, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Fdn IPSEN ID BODY-SIZE; NATURAL-SELECTION; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; SEXUAL MATURITY; GROWTH; ECOLOGY; REPRODUCTION; NEBRASKA; AGE C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Congdon, JD (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Robine, Jean-Marie/F-5439-2011 OI Robine, Jean-Marie/0000-0002-4111-6195 NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43958-7 J9 RES PERSPECT LONGEV PY 2003 BP 15 EP 31 PG 17 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BW17J UT WOS:000181072900002 ER PT J AU Bissell, MJ Bilder, D AF Bissell, MJ Bilder, D TI Polarity determination in breast tissue: desmosomal adhesion, myoepithelial cells, and laminin 1 SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE breast acini; desmosomes; epithelial positioning; luminal and myoepithelial cells; polarity; laminin 1 ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; CULTURE; DIFFERENTIATION; MORPHOGENESIS; ORGANIZATION; ARCHITECTURE; EXPRESSION; GROWTH AB In all epithelial organs, apicobasal polarity determines functional integrity and contributes to the maintenance of tissue and organ specificity. In the breast, the functional unit is a polar double-layered tube consisting of luminal epithelial cells surrounded by myoepithelial cells and a basement membrane. It is far from clear how this double-layered structure is established and how polarity is maintained. Two recent papers have shed some light onto this intriguing problem in mammary gland biology. The results point to desmosomes and laminin 1 as having crucial roles. However, some questions remain. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 2 BP 117 EP 119 DI 10.1186/bcr579 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 688LR UT WOS:000183436900015 PM 12631393 ER PT J AU Boudreau, N Myers, C AF Boudreau, N Myers, C TI Breast cancer-induced angiogenesis: multiple mechanisms and the role of the microenvironment SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE angiogenesis; hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha); integrins; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ID ENDOTHELIAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1; CARCINOMA IN-SITU; TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS; BONE-MARROW; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; FACTOR EXPRESSION; PRECURSOR CELLS; SOLID TUMORS; VIVO AB Growth and progression of breast cancers are accompanied by increased neovascularization ( angiogenesis). A variety of factors, including hypoxia and genetic changes in the tumor cells, contribute to increased production of angiogenic factors. Furthermore, cells within the activated tumor stroma also contribute to the increase in production of vascular endothelial growth factor and other angiogenic factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor. The contribution of the microenvironment to tumor-induced angiogenesis is underscored by findings that breast tumors implanted into different tissue sites show marked differences in the extent and nature of the angiogenic response. These findings have important implications for designing anti-angiogenic therapies. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Surg Res Lab, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boudreau, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Surg Res Lab, Dept Surg, Box 1302, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA- 85249]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM027345, P50 GM27345] NR 59 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1186/bcr589 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 688ML UT WOS:000183439400009 PM 12793895 ER PT J AU Uehara, N Chou, YC Galvez, JJ de-Candia, P Cardiff, RD Benezra, R Shyamala, G AF Uehara, N Chou, YC Galvez, JJ de-Candia, P Cardiff, RD Benezra, R Shyamala, G TI Id-1 is not expressed in the luminal epithelial cells of mammary glands SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE human; Id-1; immunohistochemistry; mammary glands; mouse ID LOOP-HELIX PROTEINS; DIFFERENTIATION; MORPHOGENESIS; MICE AB Background: The family of inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding (Id) proteins is known to regulate development in several tissues. One member of this gene family, Id-1, has been implicated in mammary development and carcinogenesis. Mammary glands contain various cell types, among which the luminal epithelial cells are primarily targeted for proliferation, differentiation and carcinogenesis. Therefore, to assess the precise significance of Id-1 in mammary biology and carcinogenesis, we examined its cellular localization in vivo using immunohistochemistry. Methods: Extracts of whole mammary glands from wild type and Id-1 null mutant mice, and tissue sections from paraffin-embedded mouse mammary glands from various developmental stages and normal human breast were subjected to immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses, respectively. In both these procedures, an anti-Id-1 rabbit polyclonal antibody was used for detection of Id-1. Results: In immunoblot analyses, using whole mammary gland extracts, Id-1 was detected. In immunohistochemical analyses, however, Id-1 was not detected in the luminal epithelial cells of mammary glands during any stage of development, but it was detected in vascular endothelial cells. Conclusion: Id-1 is not expressed in the luminal epithelial cells of mammary glands. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Shyamala, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 74, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Uehara, Norihisa/F-5933-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 66541] NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 2 BP R25 EP R29 DI 10.1186/bcr560 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 688LR UT WOS:000183436900002 PM 12631395 ER PT J AU Wrensch, M Chew, T Farren, G Barlow, J Belli, F Clarke, C Erdmann, CA Lee, M Moghadassi, M Peskin-Mentzer, R Quesenberry, CP Souders-Mason, V Spence, L Suzuki, M Gould, M AF Wrensch, M Chew, T Farren, G Barlow, J Belli, F Clarke, C Erdmann, CA Lee, M Moghadassi, M Peskin-Mentzer, R Quesenberry, CP Souders-Mason, V Spence, L Suzuki, M Gould, M TI Risk factors for breast cancer in a population with high incidence rates SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE breast neoplasms; case-control study; epidemiology; risk factors ID UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA TEACHERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; ALCOHOL; WOMEN; DIET; USA AB Background: This report examines generally recognized breast cancer risk factors and years of residence in Marin County, California, an area with high breast cancer incidence and mortality rates. Methods: Eligible women who were residents of Marin County diagnosed with breast cancer in 1997 - 99 and women without breast cancer obtained through random digit dialing, frequency-matched by cases' age at diagnosis and ethnicity, participated in either full in-person or abbreviated telephone interviews. Results: In multivariate analyses, 285 cases were statistically significantly more likely than 286 controls to report being premenopausal, never to have used birth control pills, a lower highest lifetime body mass index, four or more mammograms in 1990 - 94, beginning drinking after the age of 21, on average drinking two or more drinks per day, the highest quartile of pack-years of cigarette smoking and having been raised in an organized religion. Cases and controls did not significantly differ with regard to having a first-degree relative with breast cancer, a history of benign breast biopsy, previous radiation treatment, age at menarche, parity, use of hormone replacement therapy, age of first living in Marin County, or total years lived in Marin County. Results for several factors differed for women aged under 50 years or 50 years and over. Conclusions: Despite similar distributions of several known breast cancer risk factors, case-control differences in alcohol consumption suggest that risk in this high-risk population might be modifiable. Intensive study of this or other areas of similarly high incidence might reveal other important risk factors proximate to diagnosis. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Marin Breast Ctr, San Rafael, CA USA. No Calif Canc Ctr, Union City, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kaiser Fdn, Res Inst, Oakland, CA USA. RP Wrensch, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Box 1215,44 Page St,Suite 503, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. RI Rice, Terri/J-6071-2014 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP R88 EP R102 DI 10.1186/bcr605 PG 15 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 688MN UT WOS:000183439800004 PM 12817999 ER PT J AU Park, C Zhang, H Peng, M Bissell, M AF Park, C Zhang, H Peng, M Bissell, M TI Cell-microenvironment mediated radiation response in breast cancer. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 03-06, 2003 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PY 2003 VL 82 SU 1 MA 1048 BP S183 EP S183 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 747AN UT WOS:000186783100578 ER PT S AU McGehee, PM Hawley, SL Covey, KR AF McGehee, PM Hawley, SL Covey, KR BE Martin, EL TI Looking for very low-mass pre-main sequence objects with SDSS SO BROWN DWARFS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 211th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL BIG ISL, HAWAII SP Int Astron Union ID T-TAURI STARS; DISK ACCRETION AB Determining the process(es) by which brown dwarfs form is key to understanding their intrinsic nature. If their origins are within circumstellar disks they are akin to giant planets. If, on the other hand, they coalesce from molecular cloud cores, then they share a common lineage with low mass stars. These two mechanisms can be distinguished by investigation of young (< 10 Myr) substellar objects. If brown dwarfs are small failed stars, we expect to find very low mass analogs of the Classical T Tauris, with primordial magnetic fields from the molecular cloud collapse. Accretion onto these objects leads to characteristic magnetic activity signatures such as chromospheric and coronal emission resulting in an ultraviolet excess continuum. The Orion OB1b association (m-M = 7.9, 2 Myr) provides a laboratory for following the strength and occurrence of the accretion process as a function of mass. Studies of the substellar mass function within the sigma Orionis cluster at the southern end of the association indicate that brown dwarfs are common. Based on model isochrones and the SDSS M dwarf sequence we expect the 95% completeness limit of the "Orion" scans to correspond to 0.1 and 0.03 solar masses for the u and g bands. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McGehee, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H820, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-132-X J9 IAU SYMP PY 2003 IS 211 BP 525 EP 526 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BX04E UT WOS:000184043700112 ER PT J AU Prasad, R Benedek, R Thackeray, MM AF Prasad, R Benedek, R Thackeray, MM TI Effect of Co on the magnetism and phase stability of lithiated manganese oxides SO BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference of the Asian-Consortium-for-Computational-Materials-Science (ACCMS-1) CY 2001 CL BANGALORE, INDIA SP Asian Consortium Computat Mat Sci DE lithiated manganese oxides; first-principles calculations; VASP; phase stability; Co alloying ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SPINEL LIMN2O4; METAL-OXIDES; LIMNO2; INTERCALATION; TRANSITION AB We present first-principles calculations of the relative energies of various phases of lithiated manganese oxides with and without Co. We use the ultrasoft pseudopotential method as implemented in the,Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP). The calculations employ the local spin density approximation,(LSDA) as well as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We consider monoclinic and rhombohedral structures in paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic (AF3) spin configurations. Spin-polarization significantly lowers the total energy in all cases. The effect of Co on the stability of these phases is discussed. C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Prasad, R (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-4707 J9 B MATER SCI JI Bull. Mat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 147 EP 150 DI 10.1007/BF02712803 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 645PA UT WOS:000180986200024 ER PT J AU Cong, BT Huy, PNA Schelling, PK Halley, JW AF Cong, BT Huy, PNA Schelling, PK Halley, JW TI Total energy calculation of perovskite, BaTiO3, by self-consistent tight binding method SO BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference of the Asian-Consortium-for-Computational-Materials-Science (ACCMS-1) CY 2001 CL BANGALORE, INDIA SP Asian Consortium Computat Mat Sci DE tight binding; perovskite; BaTiO3 ID LATTICE-DYNAMICS; FERROELECTRICITY; MODEL AB We present results of numerical computation on some characteristics of BaTiO3 Such as total energy, lattice constant, density of states, band structure etc using self-consistent tight binding method. Besides strong Ti-O bond between 3d on titanium and 2p orbital on oxygen states, we also include weak hybridization between the Ba 6s and 0 2p states. The results are compared with those of other more sophisticated methods. C1 Hanoi Univ Sci, Fac Phys, Hanoi, Vietnam. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Cong, BT (reprint author), Hanoi Univ Sci, Fac Phys, 334 Nguyen Trai St, Hanoi, Vietnam. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-4707 EI 0973-7669 J9 B MATER SCI JI Bull. Mat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1007/BF02712805 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 645PA UT WOS:000180986200026 ER PT J AU Leung, LR Mearns, LO Giorgi, F Wilby, RL AF Leung, LR Mearns, LO Giorgi, F Wilby, RL TI Regional climate research - Needs and opportunities SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. RP Leung, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ruby.leung@pnl.gov RI Giorgi, Filippo/C-3169-2013 NR 1 TC 124 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-1-89 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 642BM UT WOS:000180784200016 ER PT S AU Tartakovsky, DM Lichtner, PC Pawar, RJ AF Tartakovsky, DM Lichtner, PC Pawar, RJ BE Kovar, K Hrkal, Z TI PDF methods for reactive transport in porous media SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: A FEW STEPS CLOSER TO REALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling (ModelCARE 2002) CY JUN 17-20, 2002 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE heterogeneous reaction; moment equations; perturbation; random; rare event; stochastic ID CONDITIONAL MOMENT EQUATIONS; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; GEOLOGICAL MEDIA; VELOCITY-FIELDS; IMMISCIBLE FLOW; BIODEGRADATION; SORPTION AB Reactive transport in porous media is described by (a system of) nonlinear differential equations. Typically, the parameters entering these equations are either under-specified by data (e.g. hydraulic conductivity, macroscopic velocity) or cannot be measured on a required scale in principle (e.g. the dynamic behaviour of interfacial Surfaces between reacting components, pore-scale velocity). In recent decades stochastic methods, which treat such parameters as random fields, have emerged as powerful tools for dealing with the uncertainty inherent in modelling subsurface phenomena. Monte Carlo simulations and moment differential equations (MDE) methods are most often used in stochastic hydrogeology. The comparative strengths and weaknesses of both approaches are well understood. By contrast, so-called PDF approaches, which are based on deriving (conditional) probability density functions for the corresponding stochastic flow and transport equations, have received virtually no attention. Yet their advantages for analysing reactive transport remain to be demonstrated. Unlike most MDE approaches, they do not linearize the governing equations and they provide a natural framework for analysing rare events that are crucial for risk assessment studies. We use a perturbation Closure to derive a general PDF equation for advective transport of a contaminant undergoing a heterogeneous, nonlinear chemical reaction. We conclude by solving this equation analytically for a batch system, which allows us to comment on the convergence of the solution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tartakovsky, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-07-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2003 IS 277 BP 162 EP 167 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BY85F UT WOS:000189478600023 ER PT S AU Vesselinov, VV Keating, EH Zyvoloski, GA AF Vesselinov, VV Keating, EH Zyvoloski, GA BE Kovar, K Hrkal, Z TI Analysis of model sensitivity and predictive uncertainty of capture zones in the Espanola basin regional aquifer, northern New Mexico SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: A FEW STEPS CLOSER TO REALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling (ModelCARE 2002) CY JUN 17-20, 2002 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE basin-scale modelling; capture zone; inverse analysis; semiarid; uncertainty AB Predictions and their uncertainty are key aspects of any modelling effort. The prediction uncertainty can be significant when the predictions depend on uncertain system parameters. We analyse prediction uncertainties through constrained nonlinear second-order optimization of an inverse model. The optimized objective function is the weighted squared difference between observed and simulated system quantities (flux and time-dependent head data). The constraints are defined by the maximization/minimization of the prediction within a given objective function range. The method is applied in capture-zone analyses of groundwater supply systems using a three-dimensional numerical model of the Espanola basin aquifer. We use the finite-element Simulator, FEHM, coupled with parameter-estimation/predictive-analysis code, PEST. The model is run in parallel on a multi-processor supercomputer. We estimate sensitivity and uncertainty of model predictions, Such as capture zone identification and travel times. While the methodology is extremely powerful, it is numerically intensive. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vesselinov, VV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Vesselinov, Velimir/P-4724-2016 OI Vesselinov, Velimir/0000-0002-6222-0530 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-07-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2003 IS 277 BP 508 EP 514 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BY85F UT WOS:000189478600067 ER PT S AU Zhang, DX Lu, ZM AF Zhang, DX Lu, ZM BE Kovar, K Hrkal, Z TI Stochastic analysis of well capture zones in heterogeneous porous media: a moment equation-based approach SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: A FEW STEPS CLOSER TO REALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling (ModelCARE 2002) CY JUN 17-20, 2002 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE capture zone; numerical simulation; porous media; stochastic ID AQUIFERS AB In this study we present a moment equation-based approach to derive the time-dependent mean capture zones and their associated uncertainties. The flow statistics were obtained by solving the first two moments of flow, and the mean capture zones were determined by reversely tracking the non-reactive particles released at a small circle around each pumping well. The uncertainty associated with the mean capture zones was calculated based on the particle displacement covariance for nonstationary flow fields. For comparison, we also conducted Monte Carlo simulations. Our model results were in good agreement with Monte Carlo results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-07-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2003 IS 277 BP 515 EP 521 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BY85F UT WOS:000189478600068 ER PT J AU Su, YX Jin, Z Duan, YX AF Su, YX Jin, Z Duan, YX TI Analytical characteristics of microwave plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry with alternative/mixed gases and "off-cone" sampling SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL SCIENCES AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE microwave induced plasma; time-of-flight mass spectrometry; mixed gas; elemental analysis ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; POLYATOMIC-ION INTERFERENCES; SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; REACTION CELL; HEXAPOLE COLLISION; HELIUM PLASMA; REDUCTION; MS; OPTIMIZATION AB Analytical characteristics of microwave induced plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MIP-TOFMS) using helium, helium-argon, and argon as working gases were investigated and compared. The helium-based microwave plasma was adjusted so that the plasma plume was off the tip of the sampler cone in the axial direction. Operating the helium-based MIP-TOFMS in such an "off-cone "sampling mode provides an opportunity to concurrently obtain a very simple background spectrum (featuring the (NO+)-N-30 peak) and good sensitivity for analytes. Since there are no significant argon related peaks in the helium-based background spectrum when the "off-cone" sampling mode is employed, the technique can be used to determine elements in a spectral-interference free situation, even in the presence of a small amount of argon. For an argon microwave plasma, strong background signals, mainly contributed from H2O, N-2, O-2, and Ar species, can be observed at a wide range of sampling distances, resulting in serious spectral interference on the determination of some low-mass elements. In addition, influences of the operational parameters on the analyte signals were studied and compared with various working gases. Typical mass spectra obtained with helium and helium-argon plasmas are presented. The experimental results obtained in this work suggest that "off-cone "sampling helium-based microwave plasma TOFMS has some unique features when used for elemental. analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duan, YX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C-ACS,MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPECTROSCOPY SOC CANADA, OTTAWA PI OTTAWA PA C/O DR J G SEN GUPTA, PO BOX 332, STATION A, OTTAWA, ONTARIO KIN8V3, CANADA SN 1205-6685 J9 CAN J ANAL SCI SPECT JI Can. J. Anal. Sci. Spectrosc. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 712MU UT WOS:000184802100001 ER PT J AU Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Ishii, Y Jones, CY Toby, BH AF Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Ishii, Y Jones, CY Toby, BH TI Temperature dependence of polyhedral cage volumes in clathrate hydrates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB The polyhedral cage volumes of structure I (sI) (carbon dioxide, methane, trimethylene oxide) and structure II (sII) (methane-ethane, propane, tetrahydrofuran, trimethylene oxide) hydrates are computed from atomic positions determined from neutron powder-diffraction data. The ideal structural formulas for sI and sII are, respectively, S2L6 . 46H(2)O and S16L'(8) . 136H(2)O, where S denotes a polyhedral cage with 20 vertices, L a 24-cage, and L' a 28-cage. The space-filling polyhedral cages are defined by the oxygen atoms of the hydrogen-bonded network of water molecules. Collectively, the mean cage volume ratio is 1.91 : 1.43 : 1 for the 28-cage : 24-cage : 20-cage, which correspond to equivalent sphere radii of 4.18, 3.79, and 3.37 Angstrom, respectively. At 100 K, mean polyhedral volumes are 303.8, 227.8, and 158.8 Angstrom(3) for the 28-cage, 24-cage, and 20-cage, respectively. In general, the 20-cage volume for a sII is larger than that of a sI, although trimethylene oxide is an exception. The temperature dependence of the cage volumes reveals differences between apparently similar cages with similar occupants. In the case of trimethylene oxide hydrate, which forms both sI and sII, the 20-cages common to both structures contract quite differently. From 220 K, the sII 20-cage exhibits a smooth monotonic reduction in size, whereas the sI 20-cage initially expands upon cooling to 160 K, then contracts more rapidly to 10 K, and overall the sI 20-cage is larger than the sII 20-cage. The volumes of the large cages in both structures contract monotonically with decreasing temperature. These differences reflect reoriented motion of the trimethyelene oxide molecule in the 24-cage of sI, consistent with previous spectroscopic and calorimetric studies. For the 20-cages in methane hydrate (sI) and a mixed methane-ethane hydrate (sII), both containing methane as the guest molecule, the temperature dependence of the 20-cage volume in sII is much less than that in sI, but sII is overall larger in volume. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94550 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chakoumakos, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1139/P02-141 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100023 ER PT J AU Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Durham, WB AF Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Durham, WB TI Temperature, pressure, and compositional effects on anomalous or "self" preservation of gas hydrates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PURE METHANE HYDRATE; WATER ICE; 1 ATM; DISSOCIATION; MEXICO; GULF; RATES AB We previously reported on a thermal regime where pure, polycrystalline methane hydrate is preserved metastably in bulk at up to 75 K above its nominal temperature stability limit of 193 K at 0.1 MPa, following rapid release of the sample pore pressure. Large fractions (>50 vol.% ) of methane hydrate can be preserved for 2-3 weeks by this method, reflecting the greatly suppressed rates of dissociation that characterize this "anomalous preservation" regime. This behavior contrasts that exhibited by methane hydrate at both colder (193-240 K) and warmer (272-290 K) isothermal test conditions, where dissociation rates increase monotonically with increasing temperature. Here, we report on recent experiments that further investigate the effects of temperature, pressure, and composition on anomalous preservation behavior. All tests conducted on sI methane hydrate yielded self-consistent results that confirm the highly temperature-sensitive but reproducible nature of anomalous preservation behavior. Temperature-stepping experiments conducted between 250 and 268 K corroborate the relative rates measured previously in isothermal preservation tests, and elevated pore-pressure tests showed that, as expected, dissociation rates are further reduced with increasing pressure. Surprisingly, sII methane-ethane hydrate was found to exhibit no comparable preservation effect when rapidly depressurized at 268 K, even though it is thermodynamically stable at higher temperatures and lower pressures than sI methane hydrate. These results, coupled with SEM imaging of quenched sample material from a variety of dissociation tests, strongly support our earlier arguments that ice-"shielding" effects provided by partial dissociation along hydrate grain surfaces do not serve as the primary mechanism for anomalous preservation. The underlying physical-chemistry mechanism(s) of anomalous preservation remains elusive, but appears to be based more on textural or morphological changes within the hydrate material itself, rather than on compositional zoning or ice-rind development. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 24 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 30 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 271 EP 283 DI 10.1139/P03-018 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100033 ER PT J AU Beta, IA Kolesnikov, AI Michalarias, I Wu, GL Ford, RC Li, JC AF Beta, IA Kolesnikov, AI Michalarias, I Wu, GL Ford, RC Li, JC TI Incoherent inelastic neutron-scattering studies of the structure of water associated with DNA and gelatin SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDRATION; COLLAGEN AB Incoherent inelastic neutron-scattering spectra of DNA and gelatin samples with different hydration levels were measured with the TOSCA spectrometer at ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. Comparison with the spectra of different ice phases shows that for water contents up to 0.75 g water/g DNA and 0.5 g water/g gelatin the optical region (20-50 meV) is almost featureless, similar to high-density amorphous ice (HDA). The librational band is shifted to lower energy transfers and its edge at 55 meV matches again the spectrum of HDA ice. For water contents of 1 g water/g DNA and 0.75 g water/g gelatin resemblance to spectra of ice Ih and low-density amorphous ice (LDA) is obvious. C1 UMIST, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Nankai Univ, Inst Polymer Chem, State Key Lab Funct Polymer Mat Adsorpt & Separat, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. UMIST, Dept Biomol Sci, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Beta, IA (reprint author), UMIST, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649; Ford, Robert/0000-0002-0958-1505 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1139/P03-043 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100044 ER PT J AU Durham, WB Stern, LA Kirby, SH AF Durham, WB Stern, LA Kirby, SH TI Ductile flow of methane hydrate SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLATHRATE HYDRATE; BEARING SEDIMENTS; BLAKE RIDGE; WATER ICE; GAS; STRENGTH; CREEP; SAND; LAWS AB Compressional creep tests (i.e., constant applied stress) conducted on pure, polycrystalline methane hydrate over the temperature range 260-287 K and confining pressures of 50-100 MPa show this material to be extraordinarily strong compared to other icy compounds. The contrast with hexagonal water ice, sometimes used as a proxy for gas hydrate properties, is impressive: over the thermal range where both are solid, methane hydrate is as much as 40 times stronger than ice at a given strain rate. The specific mechanical response of naturally occurring methane hydrate in sediments to environmental changes is expected to be dependent on the distribution of the hydrate phase within the formation - whether arranged structurally between and (or) cementing sediment grains versus passively in pore space within a sediment framework. If hydrate is in the former mode, the very high strength of methane hydrate implies a significantly greater strain-energy release upon decomposition and subsequent failure of hydrate-cemented formations than previously expected. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM durham1@llnl.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1139/P03-042 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100045 ER PT J AU Rondinone, AJ Jones, CY Marshall, SL Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Lara-Curzio, E AF Rondinone, AJ Jones, CY Marshall, SL Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Lara-Curzio, E TI A sapphire cell for high-pressure, low-temperature neutron-scattering experiments on gas hydrates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER AB A single-crystal sapphire cell for performing neutron-scattering experiments on gas hydrates synthesized in situ was designed and fabricated to operate at pressures up to 350 bar (1 bar = 10(5) Pa) and temperatures between 10 and 300 K. The single-crystal cell is cut off-axis from the c-axis of sapphire to avoid Bragg diffraction in the scattering plane for the Debye-Scherrer geometry. The cell is pressurized from a boosted pumping station via a small-diameter stainless-steel pipe. The cell is cylindrical with no external supports. The design of the cell allows the unobstructed detection of neutrons scattered from the sample. This requirement necessitated a departure from the predominant style of sapphire cells reported in the literature. Several iterations of design modifications and finite-element modeling were performed prior to building the prototype. The cell was tested hydrostatically at room temperature. Preliminary inelastic neutron scattering data are reported to verify the performance of the cell. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rondinone, AJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS6119,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Marshall, Simon/E-9518-2010; Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1139/P03-027 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100046 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Kolesnikov, AI Dong, SL Li, JC AF Wang, Y Kolesnikov, AI Dong, SL Li, JC TI Neutron-scattering studies of the phase transitions in high-pressure ices during annealing SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS SOLID WATER; DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; MODES; VIII; IH AB Inelastic incoherent neutron scattering was used to study the phase transition process of high-density amorphous (HDA) ice to low-density amorphous (LDA) ice by thermal treatment. The results show that when the annealing temperature is lower than 136 K no obvious phase-transition is observed, and transformation of the HDA ice to the LDA ice occurs between 136 and 144 K. From comparison of the measured inelastic neutron-scattering spectra for HDA ice and ice Ih, it is found that the internal interactions (covalent bond O-H and three-body interaction H-O-H) are stronger in HDA ice, which correlates with the longer nearest O-O distances in HDA ice compared to ice Ih (2.80 and 2.75 Angstrom, respectively). The report also discusses the differences in vibrational spectra of LDA ices obtained by different methods (annealing HDA ice and depositing water vapour on a cold substrate). C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ocean Univ Qingdao, Dept Phys, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. RP Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. EM j.c.li@umist.ac.uk RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1139/P03-045 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100049 ER PT J AU Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Chakoumakos, BC Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH Ishii, Y AF Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Chakoumakos, BC Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH Ishii, Y TI Neutron powder diffraction studies as a function of temperature of structure II hydrate formed from propane SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLATHRATE HYDRATE; ICE AB Neutron powder diffraction data confirm that hydrate samples synthesized with propane crystallize as structure type II hydrate. The structure has been modeled using rigid-body constraints to describe C3H8 molecules located in the eight larger polyhedral cavities of a deuterated host lattice. Data were collected at 12, 40, 100, 130, 160, 190, 220, and 250 K and used to calculate the thermal expansivity from the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters. The data collected allowed for full structural refinement of atomic coordinates and the atomic-displacement parameters. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94550 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rawn, CJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 8 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1139/P03-022 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100053 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Yannone, SM Chen, DJ Povirk, LF AF Lee, JW Yannone, SM Chen, DJ Povirk, LF TI Requirement for XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV in alignment-based gap filling for nonhomologous DNA end joining in vitro SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; REPAIR; PROTEIN; KU; COMPLEX AB In the nonhomologous end joining pathway of DNA double-strand break repair, the ligation step is catalyzed by a complex of XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV. Extracts of CHO-K1 cells are able to accurately rejoin a site-specific free radical-mediated double-strand break with partially complementary overhangs, by a mechanism involving alignment-based gap filling followed by ligation. Extracts of XR-1 cells, which lack XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV, carried out neither gap filling nor ligation. Supplementation of the extracts with recombinant XRCC4/ligase IV, but not with XRCC4 alone, restored gap filling and accurate end joining. The results imply that XRCC4 and ligase IV are essential for alignment-based gap filling, as well as for final ligation of the breaks. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Povirk, LF (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, POB 980230, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RI Yannone, Steven/G-1927-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA40615, CA50519] NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 633NZ UT WOS:000180290500005 PM 12517771 ER PT J AU Frias, S Van Hummelen, P Meistrich, ML Lowe, XR Hagemeister, FB Shelby, MD Bishop, JB Wyrobek, AJ AF Frias, S Van Hummelen, P Meistrich, ML Lowe, XR Hagemeister, FB Shelby, MD Bishop, JB Wyrobek, AJ TI NOVP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease transiently induces sperm aneuploidies associated with the major clinical aneuploidy syndromes involving chromosomes X, Y, 18, and 21 SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TESTICULAR CANCER-PATIENTS; MAMMALIAN GERM-CELLS; LONG-TERM SURVIVORS; MULTICOLOR FISH; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; ADOLESCENT CANCER; GENETIC-DISEASE; HEALTHY-MEN; ABNORMALITIES AB The objective of this research was to determine whether Novantrone, Oncovin, Velban, and Prednisone (NOW) combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease increases the frequencies of the specific types of aneuploid sperm that might elevate the risk of fathering a child with one of the major clinical aneuploidy syndromes, i.e., Down (disomy 21 sperm), Edward (disomy 18 sperm), Turner (nullisomy sex sperm), XYY (disomy Y sperm), triple X (disomy X sperm), or Klinefelter (XY sperm). A four-chromosome multicolor sperm fluorescence in-situ hybridization assay that simultaneously evaluates chromosomes 18, 21, X, and Y was applied to semen provided by four healthy men and to repeated samples of eight Hodgkin's disease patients before treatment, 35-50 days after treatment to examine the effects of treatment on male meiotic cells, and 1-2 years after treatment to measure the persistence of damage. There were chromosome-specific variations in baseline frequencies and significant inductions of all of the detectable types of sperm aneuploidies: XY sperm (14-fold increase), disomy 18 (7-fold), nullisomy sex (3-fold), disomy 21 (3-fold), and disomy X and Y (similar to2-fold each). Disomy 21 was about twice as frequent as disomy 18, and neither showed a preferential segregation with a sex chromosome. Extrapolating across the genome, similar to18% of sperm carried a numerical abnormality after NOW treatment of meiotic cells. Induced effects did not persist to 1-2 years after treatment, suggesting that persistent spermatogonial stem cells were not sensitive to NOW. These findings establish the hypothesis that conception shortly after certain chemotherapies can transiently increase the risks of fathering aneuploid pregnancies that terminate during development or result in the birth of children with major human aneuploidy syndromes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program L448, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Nacl Pediat Secretaria, Lab Citogenet, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Expt Radiat Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Lymphoma & Myeloma, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wyrobek, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program L448, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-78973] NR 56 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 633NZ UT WOS:000180290500010 PM 12517776 ER PT B AU Chrien, RE AF Chrien, RE BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI Fifty years of neutron capture SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn AB A half century of neutron capture is reviewed. The development of this field and its personal impact on one research scientist are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chrien, RE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0002 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800002 ER PT B AU Nelson, RO Fotiades, N Devlin, M Johns, GD Ethvignot, T Granier, T Casoli, P Younes, W Garrett, PE Becker, JA Bernstein, LA AF Nelson, RO Fotiades, N Devlin, M Johns, GD Ethvignot, T Granier, T Casoli, P Younes, W Garrett, PE Becker, JA Bernstein, LA BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI Fast-neutron-induced fission studied by gamma-spectroscopy SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn ID CF-252; CHARGE AB Prompt gamma-ray and x-ray spectroscopy techniques are being employed to study fast-neutron-induced fission of actinides to determine independent (pre-beta-decay) yields for a wide range of product nuclides. Data are acquired using the GEANIE high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometer at the LANSCE/WNR unmoderated spallation neutron source providing neutrons with energies from below I MeV to over 400 MeV. Three different techniques (identification by characteristic gamma rays, by gamma-gamma coincidences, and by fission-gamma coincidences) are being used to gather complementary data sets from which detailed fission yields can be extracted. From these data, mass and charge distributions are determined over a wide incident-neutron energy range. The phenomena of interest include the transition from asymmetric to symmetric fission, the competition between neutron and gamma-ray emission, nuclear structure effects in fission and the angular momentum imparted to the fission products. Results for U-238 and U-235 are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nelson, RO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, MS H855, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0029 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800029 ER PT B AU Mughabghab, SF AF Mughabghab, SF BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI The giant dipole resonance: Its role in neutron capture SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn ID NUCLEI AB The El radiative neutron strength functions of spherical and deformed nuclei are calculated within the framework of a generalized Landau Fermi liquid model and are compared with average 2-keV and 24-keV neutron capture measurements. The average total radiative widths of neutron resonances are estimated and compared with measurements. From studying of the damping widths of giant dipole- quadrupole- and octupole-resonances, three significant findings emerge: 1) quadratic energy dependence of the width is favored, 2) the ordinary two-body nuclear viscosity is determined as 0.022 +/- 0.03 TP, and 3) the one-body dissipation mechanism is suppressed by a factor of 0.27. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mughabghab, SF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0032 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800032 ER PT B AU Schiller, A Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Voinov, A Guttormsen, M Hjorth-Jensen, M Rekstad, J Siem, S Mitchell, CE Tavukcu, E AF Schiller, A Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Voinov, A Guttormsen, M Hjorth-Jensen, M Rekstad, J Siem, S Mitchell, CE Tavukcu, E BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI Radiative strength functions and level densities SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn ID GIANT-DIPOLE RESONANCE; GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA; NEUTRON-CAPTURE; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; EXCITATION-ENERGY; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; DEFORMED-NUCLEI; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC-NUCLEI; SCISSORS MODE AB Radiative strength functions and level densities have been extracted from primary gamma-ray spectra for Si-27,Si-28, Fe-56,Fe-57, Mo-96,Mo-97, and several rare earth nuclei. An unexpectedly strong (similar to 1 mb MeV) resonance at 3 MeV in the radiative strength function has been observed for well-deformed rare earth nuclei. The physical origin of this resonance and its connection to the scissors mode is discussed. C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP LLNL, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM Andreas.Schiller@llnl.gov RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008 NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 432 EP 440 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0056 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800055 ER PT B AU Haight, RC O'Donnell, JM Zanini, L Devlin, M Rochman, D AF Haight, RC O'Donnell, JM Zanini, L Devlin, M Rochman, D BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI Figaro: Measuring neutron emission spectra with a white neutron source SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn AB Neutron emission spectra from reactions induced by fast neutrons are of importance in basic physics and applications. Very few data are available in the literature over a wide range of incident neutron energies such as produced with a white neutron source. The FIGARO facility at the WNR/LANSCE neutron source has been established to measure such neutron emission over a range of incident neutron energies from 1 to over 100 MeV. Using the time-of-flight technique twice (once to determine the incident neutron energy, and again to determine the outgoing neutron energy), we are measuring neutron emission spectra for several reactions such as (n,n') and (n,f). Neutron emission from inelastic scattering gives information on the level density of excited states of the target nucleus. Our first measurements are on structural materials such as iron. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haight, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 451 EP 459 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0058 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800057 ER PT B AU Ullmann, JL Haight, RC Hunt, L Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Bredeweg, TA Fowler, MM Miller, GG Wilhelmy, JB Strottman, DD AF Ullmann, JL Haight, RC Hunt, L Reifarth, R Rundberg, RS Bredeweg, TA Fowler, MM Miller, GG Wilhelmy, JB Strottman, DD BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI DANCE: A 4 pi barium fluoride detector for measuring neutron capture on unstable nuclei SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn AB Measurements of neutron capture on unstable nuclei are important for studies of s-process nucleosynthesis, nuclear waste transmutation, and other applications. A 160-element, 4pi barium fluoride detector array, and associated neutron flight path, is being constructed to make capture measurements at the moderated neutron spallation source at LANSCE. Measurements can be made on as little as 1 mg of sample material over energies from near thermal to near 100 keV. The design of the DANCE array is described and neutron flux measurements from flight-path commissioning are shown. The array is expected to be complete by the end of 2002. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ullmann, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0062 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800061 ER PT B AU Chadwick, MB Talou, P Nelson, RO Fotiades, N Becker, JA Bernstein, LA McNabb, D AF Chadwick, MB Talou, P Nelson, RO Fotiades, N Becker, JA Bernstein, LA McNabb, D BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI Nuclear modeling of (n, x gamma) reactions and determination of partial cross sections SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn ID PRECOMPOUND DECAY MODEL AB We describe a method for determining cross sections of interest in neutron dosimetry. To illustrate the approach, which uses both experiment and theory, we describe our results for Pu-239(n,2n)Pu-238 and Ir-193(n,n')Ir-193m. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0064 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800063 ER PT B AU Firestone, RB Revay, Z Molnar, GL AF Firestone, RB Revay, Z Molnar, GL BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI New capture gamma-ray library and atlas of spectra for all elements SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn ID CATALOG; PGAA AB A new library comprising 30 thousand neutron capture gamma rays has been created by combining new measurements on natural elements from Budapest and literature data for all stable isotope targets. All energies and intensities are consistent in that they are based on the chlorine and nitrogen standards, respectively. Accurate neutron binding energies and thermal capture cross-sections could also be inferred for all cases where the level scheme is sufficiently complete, The new data can be used for nuclear structure investigations, reaction model calculations, and a number of applications, such as Prompt Gamma-ray Activation Analysis (PGAA). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Firestone, RB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 507 EP 513 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0065 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800064 ER PT B AU Chrien, RE AF Chrien, RE BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy at BNL-breaking the strangeness barrier SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn ID HYPER-NUCLEI; TRANSITIONS; LI-7(LAMBDA); SHELL AB It has long been the goal of nuclear physics to understand and characterize the strong forces among baryons which make up the nuclear medium. This endeavor is best carried out in nuclei containing a limited number of interacting particles, in which the complications of nuclear structure can be stripped away. Hypernuclei are the best examples of such objects. High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy, which was pioneered with neutron capture years ago, is now feasible with large germanium detector arrays(e.g. the "Hyperball"). The Hyperball is yielding important new information relevant to the YN interaction and its connection to QCD. This review summarizes the recent progress and the state of this field, with a assessment of near-term future capabilities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM chrien@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 571 EP 580 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0073 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800072 ER PT B AU Penttila, SI Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Case, T Chen, WC Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Freedman, SJ Gentile, TR Gericke, M Greene, GL Hersmann, B Ishimoto, S Jones, GL Leuschner, MB Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Morimoto, K Nann, H Page, SA Ramsay, WD Sharapov, EI Smith, TB Snow, WM Wilburn, SW Yuan, YW AF Penttila, SI Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Case, T Chen, WC Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Freedman, SJ Gentile, TR Gericke, M Greene, GL Hersmann, B Ishimoto, S Jones, GL Leuschner, MB Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Morimoto, K Nann, H Page, SA Ramsay, WD Sharapov, EI Smith, TB Snow, WM Wilburn, SW Yuan, YW CA NPDGamma Collaboration BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI A measurement of the parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetry in the neutron-proton capture SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn ID NUCLEAR ANAPOLE MOMENT; ATOMIC THALLIUM; F-18; NONCONSERVATION; SEARCH; CONSERVATION; POLARIZATION; SCATTERING AB The (n) over right arrow + p --> d + gamma experiment under construction at LANSCE studies the weak interaction between neutrons and protons. The experiment will measure the directional dependence of the parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetry, A(gamma), in the polarized cold neutron capture by para-hydrogen. The goal is to measure A(gamma), with uncertainty of 0.5 x 10(-8), 10% of its predicted value. A(gamma) primarily isolates the DeltaI = 1 component of the hadronic weak interaction, and thus will determine the long-range weak pion-nucleon coupling constant H-pi(1). The experiment is carefully designed for the LANSCE pulsed spallation neutron source to achieve the proposed statistical precision and to control systematic errors. We discuss the experiment and its status. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Penttila, SI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 604 EP 614 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0077 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800076 ER PT B AU Smith, MS Meyer, RA AF Smith, MS Meyer, RA BE Kvasil, J Cejnar, P Krticka, M TI Web-based nuclear data information for astrophysics SO CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL PRUHONICE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Power Co, Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Czech Acad Sci, Nucl Phys Inst, Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn AB Capture reactions play an integral role in the origin of the chemical elements, the structure of our sun, and the evolution of stars. Simulations of these astrophysical phenomena require knowledge of the capture reaction rates on both stable and unstable nuclei. To ensure that the latest experimental and theoretical advances in capture reactions are effectively incorporated in astrophysics models, dedicated efforts in data compilation, evaluation, dissemination, and coordination are needed. A Dumber of strategies to improve the utilization of nuclear data for astrophysics studies, including web-based dissemination tools, are presented. Two new developements are a new web site to aid in locating available nuclear data sets, www.nucastrodata.org, and a visualization program with an easy-to-use graphical user interface to over 8000 reaction rates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-391-3 PY 2003 BP 821 EP 824 DI 10.1142/9789812795151_0127 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BX56U UT WOS:000185702800126 ER PT J AU Rutherford, SW Coons, JE AF Rutherford, SW Coons, JE TI Adsorption dynamics of carbon dioxide in molecular sieving carbon SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE molecular sieves; adsorption; diffusion; microporosity ID KINETIC SELECTIVITY; ACTIVATED CARBON; AIR SEPARATION; SIEVES; DIFFUSION; CO2; PROBES; GASES AB The sorption equilibrium isotherm of carbon dioxide at 20 T on a commercially manufactured carbon molecular sieve has been measured with a variable volume (vacuum to high pressure) volumetric adsorption apparatus. Measurement was taken over the pressure range <10-2000 Torr and the isotherm is characterized by Dubinin-Radushkevich analysis which provides the micropore size distribution. The equilibrium information is subsequently employed to characterize the dynamics of adsorption and it is shown that the uptake of carbon dioxide is Fickian with some deviation from Fickian behavior noted at lower pressures. The derived mobility parameter agrees reasonably well with that predicted by the Darken relation over more than a 200-fold change in pressure. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rutherford, SW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, MS C930, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 405 EP 411 AR PII S0008-6223(02)00318-4 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00318-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 649RZ UT WOS:000181222900003 ER PT J AU Rutherford, SW AF Rutherford, SW TI Application of cooperative multimolecular sorption theory for characterization of water adsorption equilibrium in carbon SO CARBON LA English DT Letter DE activated carbon; porous carbon; modeling; adsorption properties; surface properties ID ACTIVATED CARBONS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; EQUATION; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; METHANOL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rutherford, SW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, MS C926, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 622 EP 625 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00420-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 649RZ UT WOS:000181222900035 ER PT J AU Rodgers, RP Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Rodgers, RP Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Soot-free synthesis of C-60 SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE soot; fullerene; pyrolysis; carbonization; mass spectroscopy ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBON NANOTUBES; FULLERENES; EVOLUTION; FLAME AB A new synthetic medium for the production of C-60 has been found that does not produce Soot. C-60 was produced in the liquid phase of an aerosol of precursor soot at 700 degreesC. The precursor soot aerosol. a high temperature stable form of hydrocarbon, was produced by pyrolysis of acetylene at atmospheric pressure in a flow tube reactor, At 700 degreesC. the effluent particles were found to contain PAHs, small hydrocarbons and fullerenes but no observable black material, However, when the reactor temperature was changed to 800 degreesC, soot was also produced in the effluent particles along with PAHs and other small hydrocarbons. and the fullerene product disappeared. These results show a clear competition between the production of fullerenes and other forms of carbon. The filter-collected effluent was shown to be completely soluble in conventional solvents suggesting the possibility of an efficient cyclic synthetic process. Fullerenes were only found in the particle phase implying the first observed liquid phase synthesis of C-60. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, IOn Cyclotron Resonance Program, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Reilly, PTA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,MS 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00358-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 663VR UT WOS:000182027500006 ER PT J AU Smith, MR Hedges, SW LaCount, R Kern, D Shah, N Huffman, GP Bockrath, B AF Smith, MR Hedges, SW LaCount, R Kern, D Shah, N Huffman, GP Bockrath, B TI Selective oxidation of single-walled carbon nanotubes using carbon dioxide SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; oxidation; thermal analysis (DTG and TGA); reactivity ID PURIFICATION; FLASH AB A simple process for selective removal of carbon from single-walled carbon nanotube samples was developed based on a mild oxidation by carbon dioxide. The reactivity profiles of as prepared and purified nanotube samples were determined using both TG and a related analytical technique, controlled atmosphere programmed temperature oxidation (CAPTO). The complex differential rate curves for weight loss (DTG) or carbon dioxide evolution (CAPTO) could be resolved by a series of Gaussian peaks each associated with carbonaceous species of different reactivity. Comparisons were made between samples as received after preparation by the laser ablation method, after purification by nitric acid oxidation, and both of these after reaction with CO2. The DTG of as prepared tubes had a broad major peak centered about 410 degreesC. Mild oxidation of as prepared nanotubes under flowing carbon dioxide at 600 degreesC preferentially removed more reactive carbon species leaving behind a narrower distribution about the major peak in DTG. In contrast to the as prepared material, the sample that had been purified using nitric acid had a more distinct separation of the major DTG peaks between more and less readily oxidized material. Oxidation of this sample with CO, selectively removed the peak associated with the most readily oxidized material. The original CO, oxidation experiments performed on the analytical scale were successfully scaled up to a small preparative scale. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Virolac Ind, Waynesburg, PA 15370 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508 USA. RP Bockrath, B (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 14 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1221 EP 1230 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00054-X PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 680CT UT WOS:000182959300013 ER PT J AU Bittner, EW Smith, MR Bockrath, BC AF Bittner, EW Smith, MR Bockrath, BC TI Characterization of the surfaces of single-walled carbon nanotubes using alcohols and hydrocarbons: a pulse adsorption technique SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; activated carbon; adsorption properties AB A pulse mass analyzer was used to study the vapor phase adsorption of organic compounds on single-walled carbon nanotubes and chemically modified/oxidized SWCNTs. The change in mass of a packed bed of adsorbent held at 200 degreesC was observed following the injection of a pulse of an organic compound from the series: ethanol, iso-propanol, cyclohexane, cyclohexene. benzene, or n-hexane. The relative strength of adsorption was obtained by the mass increase resulting from injection of the pulse and by the time required for desorption. This time was broken into the transit time to reach the end of the bed and the half-time for return from peak to baseline. Hexane was the most strongly held compound of the organic sequence. Oxidative purification of a raw nanotube sample produced a less hydrophobic surface. The effect of the purification was reversed by thermolysis at 700 degreesC, which removed oxygenated functional groups and increased the affinity for hydrocarbons. The amorphous carbon associated with the raw nanotube sample is a strong adsorbent for hydrocarbons. By comparison, an activated carbon had a greater affinity for hydrocarbons than any of the nanotube samples. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Bethany Coll, Bethany, WV 26032 USA. Penn State Univ, McKeesport, PA 15132 USA. RP US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM bockrath@netl.doe.gov NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1231 EP 1239 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00055-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 680CT UT WOS:000182959300014 ER PT J AU Gallego, NC Klett, JW AF Gallego, NC Klett, JW TI Carbon foams for thermal management SO CARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Advanced Applications for Carbon Materials CY 2002 CL JEJU ISLAND, SOUTH KOREA DE porous carbon; transport properties AB A unique process for the fabrication of high-thermal-conductivity carbon foam was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This process does not require the traditional blowing and stabilization steps and therefore is less costly. The resulting foam can have density values of between 0.2 and 0.6 g/cc and can develop a bulk thermal conductivity of between 40 and 180 W/m K. Because of its low density, its high thermal conductivity, its relatively high surface area, and its open-celled structure, the ORNL carbon foam is an ideal material for thermal management applications. Initial studies have shown the overall heat transfer coefficients of carbon foam-based heat sinks to be up to two orders of magnitude greater than those of conventional heat sinks. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Carbon Mat Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gallego, NC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Carbon Mat Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Klett, James/E-6860-2017; OI Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649; Gallego, Nidia/0000-0002-8252-0194 NR 3 TC 223 Z9 237 U1 5 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 7 BP 1461 EP 1466 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00091-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 684WT UT WOS:000183230000020 ER PT J AU Rodgers, RP Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Rodgers, RP Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Soot-free synthesis of C-60 SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE soot; fullerene; pyrolysis; carbonization; mass spectrometry ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBON NANOTUBES; FULLERENES; EVOLUTION; FLAME AB A new synthetic medium for the production of C-60 has been found that does not produce soot. C-60 was produced in the liquid phase of an aerosol of precursor soot at 700 degreesC. The precursor soot aerosol, a high temperature stable form of hydrocarbon, was produced by pyrolysis of acetylene at atmospheric pressure in a flow tube reactor. At 700 degreesC, the effluent particles were found to contain PAHs, small hydrocarbons and fullerenes but no observable black material. However, when the reactor temperature was changed to 800 degreesC, soot was also produced in the effluent particles along with PAHs and other small hydrocarbons, and the fullerene product disappeared. These results show a clear competition between the production of fullerenes and other forms of carbon. The filter-collected effluent was shown to be completely soluble in conventional solvents suggesting the possibility of an efficient cyclic synthetic process. Fullerenes were only found in the particle phase implying the first observed liquid phase synthesis of C-60. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rodgers, RP (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1469 EP 1475 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00175-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 692RU UT WOS:000183674700001 ER PT J AU Chen, CK Perry, WL Xu, HF Jiang, YB Phillips, J AF Chen, CK Perry, WL Xu, HF Jiang, YB Phillips, J TI Plasma torch production of macroscopic carbon nanotube structures SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; plasma reactions; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ID PARTICLES; CATALYSTS; GROWTH AB Analysis of the many studies of carbon nanotube formation in high-temperature ovens clearly indicates the key requirements of nanotube formation are an 'atomic' carbon source and a source of nanometal particles. We adapted this formulation to the high temperature (>3000 K) environment found in a low-power (<1000 W) atmospheric pressure, microwave plasma torch, by simultaneously feeding carbon monoxide (carbon source), and (presumably) iron carbonyl (source of metal catalyst particles) through an argon stabilized plasma flame. This technique led to the relatively rapid (25 mg/h) formation of carbon nanotubes of a unique form: macro-sized 'woven' threads. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that the woven threads consist entirely of carbon nanotubes (primarily carbon single-wall nanotube) and associated nano-iron particles. The structures appear 'fractal' in that each woven thread appears to be constructed of smaller threads that in turn are formed of yet smaller woven threads. Simple mechanical tests show the threads can be bent without breaking, and the thread will spring to its original shape when the force holding it is released. Threads of the size produced can be woven together to form actual cloth or ropes and thus this result represents a step toward the ultimate application of carbon nanotubes for super strong/light structures. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Transmiss Electron Microscopy Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ferris Engn Ctr 209, Ceram & Composite Mat Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, MS C930, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jphillips@lanl.gov RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 NR 17 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 13 BP 2555 EP 2560 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00361-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 731HK UT WOS:000185878100013 ER PT J AU Serquis, A Liao, XZ Huang, JY Jia, QX Peterson, DE Zhu, YT AF Serquis, A Liao, XZ Huang, JY Jia, QX Peterson, DE Zhu, YT TI Co-Mo catalyzed growth of multi-wall carbon nanotubes from CO decomposition SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; chemical vapor deposition; transmission electron microscopy ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; IN-SITU; NANOPARTICLES; MECHANISM; MONOXIDE; DISPROPORTIONATION AB We investigated the growth of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) catalyzed by SiO2-supported Co-Mo bi-metallic catalyst in flowing CO at 700 degreesC. We found that both Co and Mo are present in catalytic particles at the tips of CNTs, but their compositions vary from one catalytic particle to another and significantly deviate from the initial mixing composition. The Co concentration and distribution in the catalytic particle of a CNT largely determines the length of the CNT. The CNT growth process is carbon adsorption on exposed area of a catalytic particle and subsequent precipitation at the CNT-catalyst interface or open CNT wall edges. The encapsulation of a catalytic particle was found to occur by the growth of the open-edged graphene walls around the particle. Two types of long CNTs were observed: one with their CNT walls ended at the CNT-particle interface, and the other with their CNT walls open to the environment. The former have diameters similar to their catalytic particle size while the latter have larger diameters. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhu@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2003 VL 41 IS 13 BP 2635 EP 2641 DI 10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00377-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 731HK UT WOS:000185878100023 ER PT B AU Sullivan, VS Stair, PC Jackson, SD AF Sullivan, VS Stair, PC Jackson, SD BE Jackson, SD Hargreaves, JSJ Lennon, D TI In-situ ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy of supported chromia/alumina catalysts for propane dehydrogenation SO CATALYSIS IN APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Applied Catalysis CY JUL 16-18, 2003 CL UNIV GLASGOW, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND HO UNIV GLASGOW ID CHROMIA-ALUMINA CATALYSTS; BED CR2O3/AL2O3 CATALYST; COKE FORMATION; BUTENE-1 DEHYDROGENATION; ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION; OXIDE CATALYSTS; MIXED-OXIDE; DEACTIVATION; SPECTRA; HYDROCARBONS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sullivan, VS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 0-85404-608-9 PY 2003 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BX82T UT WOS:000186576600005 ER PT B AU Stroud, PD AF Stroud, PD BE Chu, HW Ferrer, J Nguyen, T Yu, Y TI Enumeration of increasing boolean expressions and alternative digraph implementations for diagnostic applications SO CCCT 2003, VOL 4, PROCEEDINGS: COMPUTER, COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES: I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control Technologies (CCCT 03)/9th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS03) CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ, IEEE, Venezuela Chapter DE binary decision tree; increasing Boolean expression; data fusion AB In classification, diagnostic, and observation applications, each of a set of entities is assigned to an appropriate category, depending on the results of a set of observations. An observation logic specifies which observations are made, and in what order. The observation logic determines how, after each observation, an entity is either assigned to a category, or subjected to another observation. In real systems, observations have associated costs, and assignment to the wrong category has associated costs. In this paper, algorithms are presented to enumerate observation logics. This enumeration is a prerequisite step for computational optimization of observation logics. This analysis is directly applicable to the optimization of medical and other diagnostic applications, as well as to classification systems. In a simple but generalizable abstraction of a diagnostic system, each entity has n binary attributes, and the entities are to be classified into two categories. The diagnostic system can be viewed as a Binary Decision Tree (BDT) with two output terminals. The BDT implements a selection expression, which specifies which entity attribute states are assigned to each output category. The BDT also implements the observation logic, which gives the combination and sequence of observations applied to each entity. In an important subclass of diagnostic systems, each attribute contributes to a single decision metric, and increasing selection expressions are of primary interest. The number of increasing selection expressions is a small fraction of the total number of selection expressions. An algorithm is presented to generate the set of increasing selection expressions for a given number of nodes. The algorithm makes use of a partial ordering relationship among the entity states, and does not require examination of all possible selection expressions. An algorithm is also presented for enumerating all of the BDT's that implement an increasing selection expression. For a four-attribute observation system, there are 114 distinct increasing selection expressions that can be implemented through a total of 11808 BDT's. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-05-1 PY 2003 BP 328 EP 333 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BY37H UT WOS:000189126000061 ER PT B AU Kleban, SD Clearwater, SH AF Kleban, SD Clearwater, SH BE Titsworth, F Azada, D TI Fair share on high performance computing systems: What does fair really mean? SO CCGRID 2003: 3RD IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid2003) CY MAY 12-15, 2003 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC, ACM AB We report on a performance evaluation of a Fair Share system at the ASCI Blue Mountain supercomputer cluster. We study the impacts of share allocation under Fair Share on wait times and expansion factor. We also measure the Service Ratio, a typical figure of merit for Fair Share systems, with respect to a number of job parameters. We conclude that Fair Share does little to alter important performance metrics such as expansion factor. This leads to the question of what Fair-Share means on cluster machines. The essential difference between Fair Share on a uni-processor and a cluster is that the workload on a cluster is not fungible in space or time. We find that cluster machines must be highly utilized and support checkpointing in order for Fair Share to function more closely to the spirit in which it was originally developed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sdkleba@sandia.gov; clearway@ix.netcom.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1919-9 PY 2003 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1109/CCGRID.2003.1199363 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW81E UT WOS:000183253300018 ER PT B AU Gardner, MK Feng, WC Broxton, M Engelhart, A Hurwitz, G AF Gardner, MK Feng, WC Broxton, M Engelhart, A Hurwitz, G BE Titsworth, F Azada, D TI MAGNET: A tool for debugging, analyzing and adapting computing systems SO CCGRID 2003: 3RD IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid2003) CY MAY 12-15, 2003 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC, ACM AB As computing systems grow in complexity, the cluster and grid communities require more sophisticated tools to diagnose, debug and analyze such systems. We have developed a toolkit called MAGNET (Monitoring Apparatus for General kerNel-Event Tracing) that provides a detailed look at operating-system kernel events with very low overhead Using the fine-grained information that MAGNET exports from kernel space, challenging problems become amenable to identification and correction. In this paper, we first present the design, implementation and evaluation of MAGNET. Then, we show its use as a diagnostic tool, an online-monitoring tool and a tool for building adaptive applications in clusters and grids. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gardner, MK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1919-9 PY 2003 BP 310 EP 317 DI 10.1109/CCGRID.2003.1199382 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW81E UT WOS:000183253300037 ER PT B AU Pouchard, L Cinquini, L Drach, B Middleton, D Bernholdt, D Chanchio, K Foster, I Nefedova, V Brown, D Fox, P Garcia, J Strand, G Williams, D Chervenak, A Kesselman, C Shoshani, A Sim, A AF Pouchard, L Cinquini, L Drach, B Middleton, D Bernholdt, D Chanchio, K Foster, I Nefedova, V Brown, D Fox, P Garcia, J Strand, G Williams, D Chervenak, A Kesselman, C Shoshani, A Sim, A BE Titsworth, F Azada, D TI An ontology for scientific information in a grid environment: The Earth system grid SO CCGRID 2003: 3RD IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CLUSTER COMPUTING AND THE GRID, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid2003) CY MAY 12-15, 2003 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP IEEE Comp Soc, TFCC, ACM DE ontology; ontologies; grid; earth sciences; climate AB In the emerging world of Grid Computing, shared computational, data, other distributed resources are becoming available to enable scientific advancement through collaborative research and collaboratories. This paper describes the increasing role of ontologies in the, context of Grid Computing for obtaining, comparing and analyzing data. We present ontology entities and a declarative model that provide the outline for an ontology of scientific information. Relationships between concepts are also given. The implementation of some concepts described in this ontology is discussed within the context of the Earth System Grid II (ESG)[1]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pouchard, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Kesselman, Carl/0000-0003-0917-1562 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1919-9 PY 2003 BP 626 EP 632 DI 10.1109/CCGRID.2003.1199424 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BW81E UT WOS:000183253300079 ER PT B AU Huang, CF Rocha, LM AF Huang, CF Rocha, LM GP IEEE TI Exploration of RNA editing and design of robust genetic algorithms SO CEC: 2003 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA AB This paper presents our computational methodology using Genetic Algorithms (GA) for exploring the nature of RNA editing. These models are constructed using several genetic editing characteristics that are gleaned from the RNA editing system as observed in several organisms. We have expanded the traditional Genetic Algorithm with artificial editing mechanisms as proposed by (Rocha, 1997). The incorporation of editing mechanisms provides a means for artificial agents with genetic descriptions to gain greater phenotypic plasticity, which may be environmentally regulated. Our first implementations of these ideas have shed some light into the evolutionary implications of RNA editing. Based on these understandings, we demonstrate how to select proper RNA editors for designing more robust GAs, and the results will show promising applications to real-world problems. We expect that the framework proposed will both facilitate determining the evolutionary role of RNA editing in biology, and advance the current state of research in Genetic Algorithms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp CCS3, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, CF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp CCS3, Comp & Computat Sci Div, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cfhuang@lanl.gov; rocha@lanl.gov OI Rocha, Luis/0000-0001-9402-887X NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7804-0 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2003 BP 2799 EP 2806 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC45 UT WOS:000221532900377 ER PT B AU Huang, CF AF Huang, CF GP IEEE TI The role of crossover in an immunity based genetic algorithm for multimodal function optimization SO CEC: 2003 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) CY DEC 08-12, 2003 CL Canberra, AUSTRALIA AB When Genetic Algorithms are employed in multimodal function optimization, identifying multiple peaks and maintaining subpopulations of the search space are two central themes. In this paper, we use an immune system model to explore the role of crossover in GAs with respect to these two issues. The experimental results reported here will shed more light into how crossover affects the GA's search power in the context of multimodal function optimization. We will also show that an adaptive crossover strategy successfully achieves the two goals simultaneously. These results on the effects of crossover are a step toward a deeper understanding of how GAs work, and thus how to design more robust GAs for solving multimodal optimization problems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp CCS3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, CF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp CCS3, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cfhuang@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7804-0 J9 IEEE C EVOL COMPUTAT PY 2003 BP 2807 EP 2814 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC45 UT WOS:000221532900378 ER PT J AU Sasaki, DY AF Sasaki, DY TI Control of membrane structure and organization through chemical recognition SO CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE lipid membrane; molecular recognition; metal ion; phase separation; protein interaction; membrane reorganization ID PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE BILAYER-MEMBRANES; LIPID-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; INDUCED PHASE-CHANGES; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; PHOSPHOLIPID-MEMBRANES; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BILAYERS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SURFACE-RECEPTOR AB Cell membranes consist of a fluidic medium of lipids and proteins that organize into specific submicron scale structures for signaling and molecular trafficking processes. These organized molecular assemblies form as a result of the structure and chemistry of the membrane components as well as the interactions of those components with analytes from solution. Although considerable research has focused on the structure and chemistry of membrane components and their ability to form organized assemblies, less attention has been paid toward the influence that chemical recognition has upon membrane reorganization. This review focuses on the recognition and binding of metal ions, small molecules, polyelectrolytes, and proteins on model membrane systems to assess the effects of long- and short-range interactions upon the molecular organization of the membrane. Chemical recognition can induce dramatic changes on the membrane's phase transition temperature and the clustering or dispersion of membrane components. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interface Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sasaki, DY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interface Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1085-9195 J9 CELL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Cell Biochem. Biophys. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 145 EP 161 DI 10.1385/CBB:39:2:145 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 729LF UT WOS:000185774400005 PM 14515020 ER PT S AU Tuttle, BA Williams, DP Olson, WR Clem, PG King, B Renn, M AF Tuttle, BA Williams, DP Olson, WR Clem, PG King, B Renn, M GP SPIE SPIE TI Development of integrated high value resistors on novel substrates SO CERAMIC INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY: NEXT GENERATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Interconnect Technology Conference and Exhibition of the IMAPS CY APR 07-09, 2003 CL DENVER, CO SP Int Microelect & Packaging Soc, Ceram Interconnect Initiat, Amer Ceram Soc ID LASER GUIDANCE AB Development of next generation electronics for pulse discharge systems requires miniaturization and integration of high voltage, high value resistors (greater than 100 megohms) with novel substrate materials. These material advances are needed for improved reliability, robustness and performance. In this study, high sheet resistance inks of 1 megohm per square were evaluated to reduce overall electrical system volume. We investigated a deposition process that permits co-sintering of high-sheet-resistance inks with a variety of different material substrates. Our approach combines the direct write process of aerosol jetting with laser sintering and conventional thermal sintering processes. One advantage of aerosol jetting is that high quality, fine line depositions can be achieved on a wide variety of substrates. When combined with laser sintering, the aerosol jetting approach has the capability to deposit resistors at any location on a substrate and to additively trim the resistors to specific values. We have demonstrated a 400 times reduction in overall resistor volume compared to commercial chip resistors using the above process techniques. Resistors that exhibited this volumetric efficiency were fabricated by 850degreesC thermal processing on alumina substrates and by 0.1W laser sintering on Kapton substrates. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tuttle, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5105-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5231 BP 132 EP 136 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Telecommunications GA BW95B UT WOS:000183727600026 ER PT S AU DiAntonio, CB Bencoe, DN Ewsuk, KG AF DiAntonio, CB Bencoe, DN Ewsuk, KG GP SPIE SPIE TI Characterization and control of low temperature co-fire ceramic (LTCC) sintering SO CERAMIC INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY: NEXT GENERATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Interconnect Technology Conference and Exhibition of the IMAPS CY APR 07-09, 2003 CL DENVER, CO SP Int Microelect & Packaging Soc, Ceram Interconnect Initiat, Amer Ceram Soc AB Low temperature co-fire ceramic (LTCC) materials technology offers a cost-effective and versatile approach to design and manufacture high performance and reliable advanced microelectronic packages (e.g., for wireless communications). A critical issue in manufacturing LTCC microelectronics is the need to precisely and reproducibly control shrinkage on sintering. Master Sintering Curve (MSC) theory has been evaluated and successfully applied as a tool to predict and control LTCC sintering. Dilatometer sintering experiments were designed and completed to characterize the anisotropic sintering behavior of green LTCC materials formed by tape casting. The resultant master sintering curve generated from these data provides a means to predict density as a function of sintering time and temperature. The application of MSC theory to DuPont 951 Green Tape(TM) will be demonstrated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP DiAntonio, CB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Mat Dept, Adv Mat Lab, 1843,Suite 100,1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5105-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5231 BP 160 EP 164 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Telecommunications GA BW95B UT WOS:000183727600031 ER PT S AU Garino, TJ AF Garino, TJ GP SPIE SPIE TI The co-sintering of LTCC materials SO CERAMIC INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY: NEXT GENERATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Interconnect Technology Conference and Exhibition of the IMAPS CY APR 07-09, 2003 CL DENVER, CO SP Int Microelect & Packaging Soc, Ceram Interconnect Initiat, Amer Ceram Soc DE LTCC; co-sintering; co-firing; loading dilatometry ID CERAMIC PACKAGE; KINETICS; CAMBER AB The sintering behavior of LTCC/silver-palladium conductor bi-layers was studied in situ using video observation. This allowed simultaneous measurement of length. of the. bi-layer, its curvature, as well as the thickness of each of the layers. The free sintering behavior of the, materials was also characterized using in situ video observation. The mismatch in the shrinkage kinetics between the LTCC and the conductors, which had the same composition but differed in that one was a mixture of Ag and Pd and the other was an alloy, caused the bi-layers to curve and the, layers to have anisotropic shrinkage. The curvature of the bi-layers during sintering was very different for the two conductors due to their greatly different free sintering behavior. The uniaxial viscosity Of the LTCC and the Ag-Pd alloy material were measured using cyclic loading dilatometry. The free sintering and uniaxial viscosity results were fit by empirical equations that were then used to model the shrinkage behavior of the bi-layers using a simple analytical model that neglects the bending stresses. The predictions of the model were consistent with the measured in-plane shrinkage. However, the thickness shrinkage predictions of the model did not fit the data as well. When bi-layers were sintered such that warping was constrained so that there were no bending stresses, the thickness shrinkage behavior was I nearly the same as when warping occurred. Finally, the viscous analog of the elastic bi-layer curvature equation fit the bi-layer curvature data reasonably well. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Garino, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 6800,MS-1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5105-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5231 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Telecommunications GA BW95B UT WOS:000183727600033 ER PT S AU Peterson, K Rohde, S Turner, T Stokes, R Casias, A AF Peterson, K Rohde, S Turner, T Stokes, R Casias, A GP SPIE SPIE TI Novel structures in ceramic interconnect technology SO CERAMIC INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY: NEXT GENERATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Interconnect Technology Conference and Exhibition of the IMAPS CY APR 07-09, 2003 CL DENVER, CO SP Int Microelect & Packaging Soc, Ceram Interconnect Initiat, Amer Ceram Soc DE LTCC; interconnect; packaging; window; IMS; HTCC; MEMS AB Ceramic interconnect technology has been adapted to new structures. In particular, the ability to customize processing order and material choices in Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) has enabled new features to be constructed, which address needs in MEMS packaging as well as other novel structures. Unique shapes in LTCC permit the simplification of complete systems, as in the case of a miniature ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). In this case, a rolled tube has been employed to provide hermetic external contacts to electrodes and structures internal to the tube. Integral windows in LTCC have been fabricated for use in both lids and circuits where either a short term need for observation or a long-term need for functionality exists. These windows are fabricated without adhesive, are fully compatible with LTCC processing, and remain optically clear. Both vented and encapsulated functional volumes have been fabricated using a sacrificial material technique. These hold promise for self-assembly of systems, as well as complex internal structures in cavities, micro fluidic and optical channels, and multilevel integration techniques. Separation of the burnout and firing cycles has permitted custom internal environments to be established. Existing commercial High Temperature Cofired Ceramic (HTCC) and LTCC systems can also be rendered to have improved properties. A rapid prototyping technique for patterned HTCC packages has permitted prototypes to be realized in a few days, and has further applications to micro fluidics, heat pipes, and MEMS, among others. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peterson, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0959, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5105-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5231 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Telecommunications GA BW95B UT WOS:000183727600042 ER PT S AU Custer, JS AF Custer, JS GP SPIE SPIE TI Ceramic packaging for MEMS-based microsystems SO CERAMIC INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY: NEXT GENERATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ceramic Interconnect Technology Conference and Exhibition of the IMAPS CY APR 07-09, 2003 CL DENVER, CO SP Int Microelect & Packaging Soc, Ceram Interconnect Initiat, Amer Ceram Soc DE MEMS; packaging; microsystems; reliability AB Ceramic packaging is crucial to the development of MEMS-based microsystems. It is an enabling technology, giving the ability to build complex packages that combine MEMS, electronics, optics, and sensors in a compact volume. In addition, ceramic hermetic packaging has a long history of providing protection to the enclosed devices, even under harsh conditions. These capabilities are being used at Sandia to package complex, MEMS-based microsystems.. Looking ahead, ceramic packaging is developing new capabilities important to microsystems, such as the addition of fluidic channels. These developments will make ceramic packaging a viable option for a wide variety of compact, highly integrated microsystems. However, AEMS, particularly surface micromachines, have new reliability concerns that ceramic packaging needs to address. One example is stiction, where small amounts Of water can generate surface forces large enough to cause parts to stick together. This demonstrates the need to measure and control the internal environment with greater precision than has been required in the past. Despite these challenges, it is clear that ceramic packaging will be a key technology for complex microsystems in the future. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1851, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Custer, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1851, POB 5800,MS 0889, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5105-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5231 BP 229 EP 234 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Telecommunications GA BW95B UT WOS:000183727600043 ER PT S AU Yang, P Voigt, JA Lockwood, SJ Rodriguez, MA Burns, GR Watson, CS AF Yang, P Voigt, JA Lockwood, SJ Rodriguez, MA Burns, GR Watson, CS BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS Hirano, SI Suvorov, D Zhu, W Schwartz, R TI The effect of lead stoichiometry on the dielectric performance of niobium modified PZT 95/5 ceramics SO CERAMIC MATERIALS AND MULTILAYER ELECTRONIC DEVICES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ceramic Materials and Multilayer Electronic Devices held at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PLZT CERAMICS; PBO; DENSIFICATION AB The electrical properties of lead zirconate titanate ceramics near the 95/5 composition are extremely sensitive to the chemical composition and processing conditions. To precisely control the lead stoichiometry in a solid solution has been a challenge because of lead volatility during high temperature sintering. In this study, we investigated the effect of the amount of lead in the solid solution on crystal structure, dielectric behavior, and phase transformation characteristics for chemically prepared niobium modified PZT 95/5 ceramics. Implications are important for process control and assurance of material performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-205-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 150 BP 289 EP 297 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BY30R UT WOS:000188865600026 ER PT S AU Khatri, L Harris, MT Hu, MZ Payzant, EA Allard, LF AF Khatri, L Harris, MT Hu, MZ Payzant, EA Allard, LF BE Hu, MZ DeGuire, MR TI Nucleation and growth mechanism of silicalite-1 nanocrystal during molecularly templated hydrothermal synthesis SO CERAMIC NANOMATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nanostructured Material and Nanotechnology Symposium held at the 104th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ANGLE X-RAY; IN-SITU OBSERVATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ZIRCONIA PARTICLES; ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TPA-MFI; MEMBRANES; CRYSTALLIZATION; CATALYSTS AB Nano-/micro-sized zeolite particles with narrow size distribution are important building-block materials for nanofabrication and many applications. Template-directed self-assembly, nucleation and growth of zeolite crystal particles from solutions are not fully understood. This study is aimed at understanding the early-stage nucleation process of silicalite-1 nanocrystals, using both in-situ and ex-situ measurement techniques. In alkaline aqueous solutions of sodium silicate, tetrapropyl ammonium. hydroxide (TPA) is used as organic templating molecule to assist silicalite crystallization. TPA-silicalite-1 particles have been synthesized under various hydrothermal conditions with incubation temperatures ranging from 100degreesC-180degreesC. The changes in the morphology, size and crystal structure of the particles formed during synthesis are carefully monitored. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) with a cryogenic. holder were successfully used to study the gradual nucleation and growth of zeolite (i.e., TPA occluded silicalite-1) crystals in solutions. Amorphous gel particles (similar to50 nm), the first solid phase evolved in the solution, were for the first time imaged by HRTEM. Further hydrothermal processing of the gel particles in solutions led to the formation of nanosized crystal nuclei, which were embedded in the amorphous gel. This observation supports the gel-to-crystal transformation mechanism for silicalite crystal evolution and growth. The Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) of the TEM images provided complementary information to XRD on the crystallinity of transient forms from gel to fully-grown crystal. An in-situ high temperature X-Ray diffraction (HTXRD) was used for real-time monitoring of crystallization from gel precursors under progressive heating-up conditions (30-1200degreesC). The HTXRD spectral patterns proved that zeolite, crystal nucleation from gel is more than a thermally induced crystallization phenomenon because the dried amorphous gel failed to crystallize into silicalite during high-temperature processing. However, further silicalite crystal growth was observed in dried gels containing coexisting nanocrystal seeds. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hu, MZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 4500N,MS-6181, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-152-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2003 VL 137 BP 3 EP 21 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BW66L UT WOS:000182719400001 ER PT S AU Foster, I Siebenlist, F Tuecke, S Welch, V AF Foster, I Siebenlist, F Tuecke, S Welch, V BE Nardelli, E Posadziejewski, S Talamo, M TI Security and certification issues in grid computing SO CERTIFICATION AND SECURITY IN E-SERVICES: FROM E-GOVERNMENT TO E-BUSINESS SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th World Computer Congress CY AUG 25-30, 2002 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Federat Informat Proc, Tech Comm 3 Stream TelE Learning DE grid computing; Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA); grid security; certification; global grid forum AB Grid computing is concerned with the sharing and coordinated use of diverse resources in dynamic, distributed "virtual organizations." The dynamic nature of Grid environments introduces challenging security concerns that demand new technical approaches. In this brief overview, we review key Grid security issues and outline the technologies that are being developed to address those issues. We focus in particular on work being done within the context of the Open Grid Services Architecture, a new initiative aimed at recasting key Grid concepts within a service-oriented framework. This work involves a tight integration with Web services mechanisms and appears particularly relevant to the concerns of e-services. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 1-4020-7493-X J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2003 VL 127 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BX40S UT WOS:000185177100003 ER PT S AU Pennycook, SJ Lupini, AR Borisevich, A Varela, M Peng, Y Nellist, PD Duscher, G Buczko, R Pantelides, ST AF Pennycook, SJ Lupini, AR Borisevich, A Varela, M Peng, Y Nellist, PD Duscher, G Buczko, R Pantelides, ST BE Seiler, DG Diebold, AC Shaffner, TJ McDonald, R Zollner, S Khosla, RP Secula, EM TI Transmission electron microscopy: Overview and challenges SO CHARACTERIZATION AND METROLOGY FOR ULSI TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Characterization and Metrology for ULSI Technology CY MAR 24-28, 2003 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Int Semiconductor Mfg Technol, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Sci Fdn, Electrochem Soc, Amer Phys Soc, Semiconductor Res Corp, Mat Res Soc, Amer Vacuum Soc, Univ Texas Austin, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde eV ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY; CORE STRUCTURES; RESOLUTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; SRTIO3; ATOMS AB We review recent advances in aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy that allow sub-Angstrom beams to be used for imaging and spectroscopy, with enormous improvement in sensitivity for single atom detection and the investigation of interfacial electronic structure. Comparison is made between the electronic and structural width of gate oxides, with interpretation through first-principles theory. Future developments are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 28 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0152-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2003 VL 683 BP 627 EP 633 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BX72V UT WOS:000186232400087 ER PT S AU Sharpe, SW Johnson, TJ Chu, PM Kleimeyer, J Rowland, B AF Sharpe, SW Johnson, TJ Chu, PM Kleimeyer, J Rowland, B BE Gardner, PJ TI Quantitative, infrared spectra of vapor phase chemical agents SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing IV CY APR 21-22, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE chemical weapon; chemical agent; infrared. quantitative; spectra; sarin; soman; tabun AB Quantitative, high resolution (0.1 cm(-1)) infrared spectra have been acquired for a number of pressure broadened (101.3 KPa N-2), vapor phase chemicals including: Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), Tabun (GA), Cyclosarin (GF), VX, nitrogen mustard (HN3), sulfur mustard (HD) and Lewisite (L). The spectra are acquired using a heated, flow-through White cell of 5.6 in optical path length.(1) Each reported spectrum represents a statistical fit to Beer's law, which allows for a rigorous calculation of uncertainty in the absorption coefficients. As part of an ongoing collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), cross-laboratory validation is a critical aspect of this work.(2,3) In order to identify possible errors in the Dugway flow-through system, quantitative spectra of isopropyl alcohol from both NIST and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are compared to similar data taken at the Duorway Proving Ground (DPG). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sharpe, SW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4944-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5085 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.487073 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BX58F UT WOS:000185757900003 ER PT S AU Johnson, TJ Roberts, BA Morgen, GP Hughes, MA Heitschmidt, CD Kelly, JF AF Johnson, TJ Roberts, BA Morgen, GP Hughes, MA Heitschmidt, CD Kelly, JF BE Jensen, JO Theriault, JM TI A new "semi-active" method for chemical standoff detection SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STANDOFF DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection CY OCT 28-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE remote sensing; infrared; semi-active; chemical plume; FTIR; vapor-phase ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; FTIR; REMOTE; VAPORS; AIR; CO AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has recently developed a hybrid infrared technique for standoff chemical detection. Active infrared detection typically involves a sender and receiver telescope separated by 10s to 100s of meters and is quite sensitive, but is cumbersome to align and is extremely sensitive to misalignment as the two telescope optical trains must not only be parallel, but coaxial. Passive infrared sensing offers facile alignment (simply point the input optics), but relies on a happenstance temperature difference DeltaT between the chemical plume and its background. Oftentimes the DeltaT found in the field is only I or 2 K, and the passive method is thus not sensitive in many cases. The "semi-active" technique creates a larger temperature difference DeltaT by placing an extended blackbody source at some distance away from the receiver telescope. The blackbody is designed to fill the telescope's FOV at a typical distance C of 50 to 100 in. and provides a typical temperature difference DeltaT on the order of 80 to 100 K in the present version. Design considerations and experimental results for a direct comparison of passive, active, and semi-active measurements are discussed. C1 Battele, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Battele, Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5157-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5268 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.515606 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BY76U UT WOS:000189458300014 ER PT J AU Konya, Z Zhu, J Szegedi, A Kiricsi, I Alivisatos, P Somorjai, GA AF Konya, Z Zhu, J Szegedi, A Kiricsi, I Alivisatos, P Somorjai, GA TI Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched mesoporous silica SBA-15 SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; METAL-OXIDES; MCM-41 AB Branched mesoporous silica SBA-15 materials have been prepared in a simple process using non-ionic surfactant in acidic conditions in the presence of metal ions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Chem Res Ctr, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Szegedi, Agnes/C-1188-2008; Konya, Zoltan/C-2492-2009; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Szegedi, Agnes/0000-0002-0433-2104; Konya, Zoltan/0000-0002-9406-8596; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 3 BP 314 EP 315 DI 10.1039/b210053c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 638QJ UT WOS:000180581500006 PM 12613589 ER PT J AU Hart, BR Letant, SE Kane, SR Hadi, MZ Shields, SJ Reynolds, JG AF Hart, BR Letant, SE Kane, SR Hadi, MZ Shields, SJ Reynolds, JG TI New method for attachment of biomolecules to porous silicon SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES AB Biomolecules have been attached to porous silicon by a new linking method that forms a direct Si-C bond on the surface and retains the photoluminescence of the porous silicon. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Lockheed Martin Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-092, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 3 BP 322 EP 323 DI 10.1039/b209453c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 638QJ UT WOS:000180581500010 PM 12613593 ER PT J AU Liu, NG Assink, RA Brinker, CJ AF Liu, NG Assink, RA Brinker, CJ TI Synthesis and characterization of highly ordered mesoporous thin films with -COOH terminated pore surfaces SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALIZED MCM-41; MESOPHASES AB Highly ordered mesoporous inorganic-organic hybrid thin films with covalently bonded carboxylic acid (-COOH) terminal groups on the pore surfaces were synthesized by evaporation induced self-assembly of tetraethoxysilane, organosilanes, and a nonionic surfactant followed by acid hydrolysis and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, surface acoustic wave (SAW) based N-2 sorption, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 15 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 3 BP 370 EP 371 DI 10.1039/b210377j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 638QJ UT WOS:000180581500034 PM 12613617 ER PT J AU Mao, YB Banerjee, S Wong, SS AF Mao, YB Banerjee, S Wong, SS TI Hydrothermal synthesis of perovskite nanotubes SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BARIUM-TITANATE; BATIO3; POWDERS; FILMS AB A low-temperature hydrothermal reaction has been utilized to generate crystalline barium titanate and strontium titanate nanotubes, which have been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Mao, Yuanbing/D-5580-2009; Zenatti, Alessandra/J-3151-2012 NR 21 TC 129 Z9 132 U1 13 U2 85 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 3 BP 408 EP 409 DI 10.1039/b210633g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 638QJ UT WOS:000180581500053 PM 12613636 ER PT J AU Runde, W Bean, AC Albrecht-Schmitt, TE Scott, BL AF Runde, W Bean, AC Albrecht-Schmitt, TE Scott, BL TI Structural characterization of the first hydrothermally synthesized plutonium compound, PuO2(IO3)(2)center dot H2O SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; URANYL IODATES; RAMAN AB Single crystals Of PuO2(IO3)(2).H2O were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions (180 degreesC) representing the first structurally characterized transuranium iodate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Runde, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 4 BP 478 EP 479 DI 10.1039/b211018k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 651CM UT WOS:000181302800011 PM 12638958 ER PT J AU Ye, XR Lin, YH Wai, CM AF Ye, XR Lin, YH Wai, CM TI Decorating catalytic palladium nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes in supercritical carbon dioxide SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; GROWTH; FILMS AB Hydrogen reduction of a Pd(II)-beta-diketone precursor in supercritical carbon dioxide produces palladium nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes that exhibit promising catalytic properties for hydrogenation of olefins in carbon dioxide as well as electro-reduction of oxygen in fuel cell applications. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wai, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov; cwai@uidaho.edu RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 18 TC 140 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 5 BP 642 EP 643 DI 10.1039/b211350c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 646ZK UT WOS:000181066600041 PM 12669865 ER PT J AU Liu, NG Dunphy, DR Rodriguez, MA Singer, S Brinker, J AF Liu, NG Dunphy, DR Rodriguez, MA Singer, S Brinker, J TI Synthesis and crystallographic structure of a novel photoresponsive azobenzene-containing organosilane SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES; BEHAVIOR; PHOTOISOMERIZATION; TRANSITION; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMERS; SILICA AB A novel photoresponsive azobenzene-containing organosilane was synthesized via an isocyanato-amino coupling reaction, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Brinker, J (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM cjbrink@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 10 BP 1144 EP 1145 DI 10.1039/b301569f PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 673FG UT WOS:000182569100014 PM 12778706 ER PT J AU Liu, NG Assink, RA Smarsly, B Brinker, CJ AF Liu, NG Assink, RA Smarsly, B Brinker, CJ TI Synthesis and characterization of highly ordered functional mesoporous silica thin films with positively chargeable -NH2 groups SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MESOPHASES AB Highly ordered mesoporous organic-inorganic hybrid silica thin films with covalently bonded, positively chargeable-NH2 terminal groups were synthesized by evaporation induced self-assembly of tetraethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and a nonionic surfactant under acid conditions and characterized using TEM, GISAXS, FTIR, SAW-based N-2 sorption, and TGA. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Smarsly, Bernd/G-8514-2011 NR 14 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 10 BP 1146 EP 1147 DI 10.1039/b301910a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 673FG UT WOS:000182569100015 PM 12778707 ER PT J AU Lente, G Espenson, JH AF Lente, G Espenson, JH TI Photoaccelerated oxidation of chlorinated phenols SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; COMPLEXES; DEGRADATION; MODELS; WATER AB Exposure to visible light increases the rate of oxidation of chlorinated phenols by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution in either the presence or the absence of iron-based catalysts, which may be explained by the aqueous photoreactions of chloroquinone intermediates. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Debrecen, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, Debrecen, Hungary. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lenteg@delfin.klte.hu; espenson@ameslab.gov RI Lente, Gabor/H-3645-2011 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 10 BP 1162 EP 1163 DI 10.1039/b301705b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 673FG UT WOS:000182569100023 PM 12778715 ER PT J AU Zhang, HW Hong, KL Jablonsky, M Mays, JW AF Zhang, HW Hong, KL Jablonsky, M Mays, JW TI Statistical radical copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate in a room temperature ionic liquid SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID REACTIVITY RATIOS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; POLYMERIZATION; SOLVENT; PROPAGATION; ACRYLATES AB Use of a room temperature ionic liquid as the medium for conventional free radical copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate resulted in reactivity ratios that were significantly different from those obtained in conventional organic solvents or in bulk, demonstrating that polymerization in this alternative medium offers potential to create copolymers having new monomer sequences. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Mays, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 NR 26 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 12 BP 1356 EP 1357 DI 10.1039/b301562a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 684PF UT WOS:000183215200016 PM 12841239 ER PT J AU Zeng, HQ Yang, XW Brown, AL Martinovic, S Smith, RD Gong, B AF Zeng, HQ Yang, XW Brown, AL Martinovic, S Smith, RD Gong, B TI An extremely stable, self-complementary hydrogen-bonded duplex SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR DUPLEXES; SUPRAMOLECULAR POLYMERS; BONDING MOTIFS; DESIGN; DIMERS AB This paper describes the design, synthesis and characterization of a self-complementary six-H-bonded duplex with an association constant greater than 10(9) M(-1) in CHCl(3). C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gong, B (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM bgong@chem.buffalo.edu OI Zeng, Huaqiang/0000-0002-8246-2000 NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 13 BP 1556 EP 1557 DI 10.1039/b301791e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 689GD UT WOS:000183482500042 PM 12868751 ER PT J AU Dioumaev, VK Szalda, DJ Hanson, J Franz, JA Bullock, RM AF Dioumaev, VK Szalda, DJ Hanson, J Franz, JA Bullock, RM TI An N-heterocyclic carbene as a bidentate hemilabile ligand: a synchrotron X-ray diffraction and density functional theory study SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; C-H ACTIVATION; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; STABLE CARBENES; COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL; MOLYBDENUM; KETONES; SYSTEM; ATOMS AB The N-heterocyclic carbene ligand IMes was shown by synchrotron crystallography and DFT computations to adopt a hemilabile bidentate coordination mode in CpM(CO)(2)(IMes)+B(C6F5)(4)(-) (M = Mo, W), with a C=C bond of one mesityl weakly coordinated to the metal. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bullock, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Bullock, R. Morris/L-6802-2016 OI Bullock, R. Morris/0000-0001-6306-4851 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 14 BP 1670 EP 1671 DI 10.1039/b303762b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 696EE UT WOS:000183872700026 ER PT J AU Birnbaum, JC Fryxell, GE Li, XH Coyle, CA Dunham, GC Baskaran, S AF Birnbaum, JC Fryxell, GE Li, XH Coyle, CA Dunham, GC Baskaran, S TI Effects of trace metals and organic additives on porosity and dielectric constant of high purity mesoporous silica films SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The beneficial effects that alkali metal and alkylammonium salt additions to molecularly templated silica sols have on the resulting mesoporous silica films formed from evaporative-coating methods with respect to porosity, elastic modulus, dielectric constant, and film surface uniformity were investigated and identified. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baskaran, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K2-44,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 15 BP 1830 EP 1831 DI 10.1039/b304903e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 699TR UT WOS:000184072500016 PM 12931988 ER PT J AU Runde, W Bean, AC Scott, BL AF Runde, W Bean, AC Scott, BL TI Synthesis and characterization of a channel framework in K3Am3(IO3)(12)center dot HIO3 SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL IODATES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; URANYL IODATES AB Single crystals of K3Am3(IO3)(12) . HIO3 were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions ( 180 degreesC) representing the first structurally characterized actinide(III) iodate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Runde, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 15 BP 1848 EP 1849 DI 10.1039/b304530g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 699TR UT WOS:000184072500025 PM 12931997 ER PT J AU Enriquez, AE Matonic, JH Scott, BL Neu, MP AF Enriquez, AE Matonic, JH Scott, BL Neu, MP TI Preparation and structures of homoleptic Pu(III) and U(III) acetonitrile salts SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE COMPLEXATION; URANIUM(III); CERIUM(III); LANTHANIDE; LIGANDS AB Nine-coordinate homoleptic acetonitrile solvate complexes of Pu(III) and U(III) ions have been prepared through oxidation of Pu metal suspended in acetonitrile with metal-hexafluorophosphate salts and dissolution of UI3(THF)(4) in acetonitrile, respectively. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C SIC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neu, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C SIC, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Matonic, John/0000-0002-6059-1514 NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 15 BP 1892 EP 1893 DI 10.1039/b303558a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 699TR UT WOS:000184072500047 PM 12932019 ER PT J AU Li, XH Birnbaum, JC Williford, RE Fryxell, GE Coyle, CA Dunham, GC Baskaran, S AF Li, XH Birnbaum, JC Williford, RE Fryxell, GE Coyle, CA Dunham, GC Baskaran, S TI Effect of humidity treatments on porosity and mechanical integrity of mesoporous silica films SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LOW DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT AB The beneficial effects humidity treatments have on molecularly templated mesoporous silica films with respect to elastic modulus, with minimal detrimental effects on porosity and dielectric constant, were identified. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Birnbaum, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K2-44,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 16 BP 2054 EP 2055 DI 10.1039/b304843h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 704NQ UT WOS:000184346100030 PM 12934908 ER PT J AU Argyle, MD Chen, KD Resini, C Krebs, C Bell, AT Iglesia, E AF Argyle, MD Chen, KD Resini, C Krebs, C Bell, AT Iglesia, E TI In situ UV-visible assessment of extent of reduction during oxidation reactions on oxide catalysts SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; N-BUTANE OXIDATION; VANADIUM-OXIDE; DEHYDROGENATION; PROPANE; ETHANE AB The extent of reduction of active centers during oxidative alkane dehydrogenation on VOx/Al2O3 was measured from pre-edge UV-visible spectral features and found to increase with increasing VOx domain size and propane/O-2 ratio. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Argyle, Morris/A-8702-2009; Argyle, Morris/D-4952-2013; Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017; OI Argyle, Morris/0000-0001-9430-9145; Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 16 BP 2082 EP 2083 DI 10.1039/b305264h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 704NQ UT WOS:000184346100044 PM 12934922 ER PT J AU Levitskaia, TG Marquez, M Sessler, JL Shriver, JA Vercouter, T Moyer, BA AF Levitskaia, TG Marquez, M Sessler, JL Shriver, JA Vercouter, T Moyer, BA TI Fluorinated calixpyrroles: anion-binding extractants that reduce the Hofmeister bias SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FACILITATED TRANSPORT; SELECTIVE ELECTRODES; SALTS; 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE; RECOGNITION; HIGHLIGHTS; RECEPTORS; CARRIERS; SOLVENT AB beta-Octafluoro-meso-octamethylcalix[ 4] pyrrole ( 1) and beta-decafluoromeso- decamethylcalix[ 5] pyrrole ( 2) were found to extract caesium salts of smaller anions ( bromide and chloride for 1 and nitrate for 2) as effectively as that of iodide into nitrobenzene (NB) thereby overcoming the Hofmeister bias normally observed for processes of this type. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sessler, JL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 26 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 17 BP 2248 EP 2249 DI 10.1039/b306385m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 710MT UT WOS:000184684500071 PM 13678224 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZT Pan, ZW Mahurin, SM Dai, S AF Zhang, ZT Pan, ZW Mahurin, SM Dai, S TI Synthesis of ultrahigh-density ordered arrays of metallic nickel nanowires in mesoporous silica films SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PLATINUM NETWORKS; THIN-FILMS; MEMBRANES; TEMPLATE; MCM-41 AB Two-dimensional (2D) mesoporous silica films were employed as a template to fabricate ultrahigh-density ordered arrays of metallic nickel nanowires via electroless deposition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Pan, Zhengwei/0000-0002-3854-958X NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 20 BP 2584 EP 2585 DI 10.1039/b308061g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 729BK UT WOS:000185750900033 PM 14594292 ER PT J AU Shafir, A Fiedler, D Arnold, J AF Shafir, A Fiedler, D Arnold, J TI Highly diastereoselective reduction of ferrocene bis-imines with methyllithium and the formation of C-2-symmetric Zr complexes SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONIUM; POLYMERIZATION; CATALYSTS; SELECTIVITY AB Alkylation of ferrocene bis-imines Fc[NNC(H) Ar](2) ( Ar = Ph, p-Tol) with MeLi was found to proceed in a highly diastereoselective fashion producing the C-2- symmetric ferrocene diamines Fc[NC(H)(Me) Ar](2) - H-2 with 90% diastereomeric excess. This process allowed for the synthesis of C-2-symmetric zirconium complexes Fc[NC(Me) Ar]ZrBn2. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Shafir, Alexandr/D-1676-2009; Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Shafir, Alexandr/0000-0002-8127-2299; Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 20 BP 2598 EP 2599 DI 10.1039/b308360h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 729BK UT WOS:000185750900040 PM 14594299 ER PT J AU Kidder, MK Britt, PF Zhang, ZT Dai, S Buchanan, AC AF Kidder, MK Britt, PF Zhang, ZT Dai, S Buchanan, AC TI Pore size effects in the pyrolysis of 1,3-diphenylpropane confined in mesoporous silicas SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION; THERMOLYSIS; CATALYSTS AB A new method for derivatizing mesoporous silicas, SBA-15 and MCM-41, with a substituted phenol is described, and pore confinement and surface curvature are shown to impact the reaction rate and product selectivity for the pyrolysis of surface-immobilized 1,3-diphenylpropane. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Buchanan, AC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 22 BP 2804 EP 2805 DI 10.1039/b310405b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 738FB UT WOS:000186275100021 PM 14651113 ER PT J AU Baker, GA Baker, SN McCleskey, TM AF Baker, GA Baker, SN McCleskey, TM TI Noncontact two-color luminescence thermometry based on intramolecular luminophore cyclization within an ionic liquid SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLVATOCHROMIC PROBE BEHAVIOR; INTRA-MOLECULAR EXCIMER; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; FLUORESCENT-PROBES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS; DEPENDENCE; VISCOSITY; POLYMER AB A self-referencing optical thermometer based on a reversible, temperature-dependent monomer-excimer interconversion of 1,3-bis(1-pyrenyl)propane dissolved in an ionic liquid and operating in the 25 to 140degreesC range is reported. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 32 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2003 IS 23 BP 2932 EP 2933 DI 10.1039/b310459c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 744YP UT WOS:000186660700042 PM 14680247 ER PT J AU Smallwood, HS Galeva, NA Bartlett, RK Urbauer, RJB Williams, TD Urbauer, JL Squier, TC AF Smallwood, HS Galeva, NA Bartlett, RK Urbauer, RJB Williams, TD Urbauer, JL Squier, TC TI Selective nitration of Tyr(99) in calmodulin as a marker of cellular conditions of oxidative stress SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE CA-ATPASE; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; METHIONINE RESIDUES; PROTEIN OXIDATION; VERTEBRATE CALMODULIN; OXIDIZED CALMODULIN; TYROSINE NITRATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE AB We examined the possible role of methionines as oxidant scavengers that prevent the peroxynitrite-induced nitration of tyrosines within calmodulin (CaM). We used mass spectrometry to investigate the reactivity of peroxynitrite with CaM at physiological pH. The possible role of methionines in scavenging peroxynitrite (ONOO-) was assessed in wild-type CaM and following substitution of all nine methionines in CaM with leucines. We find that peroxynitrite selectively nitrates Tyr(99) at physiological pH, resulting in the formation of between 0.05 and 0.25 mol of nitrotyrosine/mol of CaM when the added molar ratio of peroxynitrite per CaM was varied between 2.5 and 15. In wild-type CaM there is a corresponding oxidation of between 0.8 and 2.8 mol of methionine to form methionine sulfoxide. However, following site-directed substitution of all nine methionines in wild-type CaM with leucines, the extent of nitration by peroxynitrite was unchanged. These results indicate that Tyr(99) is readily nitrated by peroxynitrite and that methionine side chains do not function as an antioxidant in scavenging peroxynitrite. Thus, separate reactive species are involved in the oxidation of methionine and nitration of Tyr(99) whose relative concentrations are determined by solution conditions. The sensitivity of Tyr99 in CaM to nitration suggests that CaM-dependent signaling pathways are sensitive to peroxynitrite formation and that nitration of CaM represents a cellular marker of peroxynitrite-induced changes in cellular function. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Mol Biosci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM thomas.squier@pnl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12993, AG17996] NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X EI 1520-5010 J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1021/tx025566a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 638PC UT WOS:000180578600013 PM 12693036 ER PT J AU Chu, SP Elliott, S Maltrud, ME AF Chu, SP Elliott, S Maltrud, ME TI Global eddy permitting simulations of surface ocean nitrogen, iron, sulfur cycling SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE global marine biogeochemistry; eddy resolution; elemental cycles; nitrogen; iron; sulfur ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; GEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; MARINE; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEA; CHEMISTRY; PACIFIC; ECODYNAMICS; CLIMATE AB The geocycles of N, Fe and S in the ocean are tightly coupled and together exert strong influence on biogeochemistry of the earth system. We investigate this interaction by inserting macro-micronutrient cycling into a high resolution ocean model that realistically represents the general circulation. Simulated chlorophyll distributions reproduce many features of satellite-based measurements of ocean color. Meridional sections through model results and seasonally averaged SeaWiFS data agree reasonably well, both in the oligotrophic gyres and along fronts. Discrepancies are associated in many cases with shelf, ridge or island effects. Dimethyl sulfide peaks and their chlorophyll correlations are similar to those obtained on major oceanographic expeditions. Lack of strong regional relationships between the sulfide and phytoplankton may be partly explained by correspondence between time constants for production and for the traversal of mesoscale transport features. In general the eddies and filaments of tropical instability waves are well represented, including the onset of the 1997-1998 El Nino. North-south shifts of the transition zone chlorophyll front appear prominently in the results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chu, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, MS D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 223 EP 235 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00162-5 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00162-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 629XN UT WOS:000180077900005 PM 12653294 ER PT J AU Ferguson, PL Benotti, MJ Brownawell, BJ AF Ferguson, PL Benotti, MJ Brownawell, BJ TI Advances in the application of high performance mass spectrometry to problems in environmental toxicology and chemistry SO CHIMIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT R+D in Life Sciences Congress CY 2002 CL BASEL, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Chem Soc, MCH Basel Exhibition Ltd C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Ferguson, PL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW SWISS CHEMICAL SOC PI BASEL PA C/O NOVARTIS AG, K-25 1 45, CH-4002 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0009-4293 J9 CHIMIA JI Chimia PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 655HJ UT WOS:000181545000024 ER PT J AU Ebisawa, K Zycki, P Kubota, A Mizuno, T Watarai, K AF Ebisawa, K Zycki, P Kubota, A Mizuno, T Watarai, K TI Accretion disk spectra of the ultra-luminous X-ray sources in nearby spiral galaxies and galactic superluminal jet sources SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources CY MAY 26-31, 2003 CL Vulcano, ITALY SP INTA, MPE, IASF, USN Res Lab DE superluminal jet sources : ultra-luminous X-ray sources; accretion disks, slim disks; Schwarzschild black holes, Kerr black holes ID MICROQUASAR GRO J1655-40; BLACK-HOLE; ASCA OBSERVATION; LMC X-1; MASS; MODEL; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; BINARIES AB Ultra-luminous Compact X-ray Sources (ULXs) in,nearby spiral galaxies and Galactic superluminal jet sources share the common spectral characteristic that they have unusually high disk temperatures which cannot be explained in the framework of the standard optically thick accretion disk in the Schwarzschild metric. On the other hand, the standard accretion disk around the Kerr black hole might explain the observed high disk temperature, as the inner radius of the Kerr disk gets smaller and the disk temperature can be consequently higher. However, we point out that the observable Kerr disk spectra becomes significantly harder than Schwarzschild disk spectra only when the disk is highly inclined. This is because the emission from the innermost part of the accretion disk is Doppler-boosted for an edge-on Kerr disk, while hardly seen for a face-on disk. The Galactic superluminal jet sources are known to be highly inclined systems, thus their energy spectra may be explained with the standard Kerr disk with known black hole masses. For ULXs, on the other hand, the standard Kerr disk model seems implausible, since it is highly unlikely that their accretion disks are preferentially inclined, and, if edge-on Kerr disk model is applied, the black hole mass becomes unreasonably large ( >= 300 M-circle dot). Instead, the slim disk (advection dominated optically thick disk) model is likely to explain the observed super-Eddington luminosities, hard energy spectra, and spectral variations of ULXs. We-suggest that ULXs are accreting black holes with a few tens of solar mass, which is not unexpected from the standard stellar evolution scenario, and that their X-ray emission is from the slim disk shining at super-Eddington luminosities. C1 INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Ebisawa, K (reprint author), INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, Chemin Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PY 2003 VL 3 SU S BP 415 EP 424 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 929VK UT WOS:000229374500046 ER PT B AU Anand, S Yoginath, S von Laszewski, G Alunkal, B Sun, XH AF Anand, S Yoginath, S von Laszewski, G Alunkal, B Sun, XH BE DAuriol, BJ TI Flow-based multistage co-allocation service SO CIC'03: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Communications in Computing CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP CSREA Press, Int Technol Inst, PDPTA Task Force Networking, Korean soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol DE co-allocation; grid; workflow; commodity; grid kit; CoG AB The concept of co-allocation provides a simple mechanism to request and bind resources in a coordinated fashion in Grids across virtual organization boundaries. We have designed an advanced multi-stage co-allocation strategy based on resource hierarchies defined through user-specific patterns. The model manages simple flows between resources to perform managed job executions. We demonstrate the usefulness of our model on several examples and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the model. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60440 USA. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60440 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-06-8 PY 2003 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BX84A UT WOS:000186624100004 ER PT J AU Hannachi, A Stephenson, DB Sperber, KR AF Hannachi, A Stephenson, DB Sperber, KR TI Probability-based methods for quantifying nonlinearity in the ENSO SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; STOCHASTIC DYNAMICAL MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; OCEAN ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM; EL-NINO; LINEAR-RESPONSE; CLIMATE MODEL; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; CYCLE AB Robust statistical tools have been used to investigate non-normality and nonlinearity of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in observations and coupled model simulations. The analysis confirms previous suggestions that the observed Nino-3 sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are positively skewed. The non-linearity is estimated using a simple nonlinear stochastic model, which relates the sea surface temperature anomalies to the observed thermocline depth anomalies in the Nino-3 region. There is evidence that saturation of SST only occurs when the thermocline is deep. The nonlinearity has also been estimated for the Nino-3 SST indices from twenty four different coupled models participating in the El Nino Simulation Intercomparison Project (ENSIP). Large differences are found between models and observations. In particular, the majority of the coupled models underestimate the nonlinearity seen in the observed Nino-3 sea surface temperature index. More than half of the models have Nino-3 SST indices that are normally distributed at 99% confidence level. Only a few models exhibit significant nonlinearity yet this tends to be rather different in character from the nonlinearity seen in the observations. Furthermore, no significant association is found between the means and the spread nor between the spread and the skewness for the different coupled model Nino-3 SST indices. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hannachi, A (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Earley Gate POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. RI Stephenson, David/A-9903-2011; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 NR 57 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s00032-002-0263-7 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 642YV UT WOS:000180835700009 ER PT J AU Wilbanks, TJ AF Wilbanks, TJ TI Integrating climate change and sustainable development in a place-based context SO CLIMATE POLICY LA English DT Article DE sustainability; sustainable development; climate change impacts; climate change responses; scale; place ID ADAPTATION AB This paper reports on investigations of two propositions. First, it is easy to overestimate the importance of climate change in the larger picture of sustainable development while at the same time underestimating the potential for climate change concerns to be a catalyst for progress toward sustainable development. Second, these imbalances in perceptions are more likely to be addressed effectively at a local scale than at a global or national scale. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilbanks, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wilbankstj@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1469-3062 J9 CLIM POLICY JI Clim. Policy PY 2003 VL 3 SU 1 BP S147 EP S154 DI 10.1016/j.clipol.2003.10.013 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 761BN UT WOS:000187879500011 ER PT J AU Isaacsohn, J Hunninghake, D Schrott, H Dujovne, CA Knopp, R Weiss, SR Bays, H Crouse, JR Davidson, MH Keilson, LM McKenney, J Korenman, SG Dobs, AS Stein, E Krauss, RM Maccubbin, D Cho, M Plotkin, DJ Mitchel, YB AF Isaacsohn, J Hunninghake, D Schrott, H Dujovne, CA Knopp, R Weiss, SR Bays, H Crouse, JR Davidson, MH Keilson, LM McKenney, J Korenman, SG Dobs, AS Stein, E Krauss, RM Maccubbin, D Cho, M Plotkin, DJ Mitchel, YB TI Effects of simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia SO CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE simvastatin; hypertriglyceridemia; triglycerides; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors; lipoprotein ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; HEART-DISEASE; 80 MG/DAY; ATORVASTATIN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; RISK; STANDARDIZATION AB Background: Patients with elevated levels of serum triglycerides (TG) often have other associated lipid abnormalities (e.g., low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDLC) and are, at increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Although the therapeutic benefits of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) in hypercholesterolemic patients have been well established, less is known about the effects of statins in patient populations with hypertriglyceridemia. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lipoprotein-altering efficacy of simvastatin in hypertriglyceridemic patients. Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. In all, 195 patients with fasting serum triglyceride levels between 300 and 900 mg/dl received once daily doses of placebo or simvastatin 20,40, or 80 mg for 6 weeks. Results: Compared with placebo, simvastatin treatment across all doses resulted in significant reductions (p < 0.05 < 0.001) in serum levels of triglycerides (-20 to -31% decrease) and TG-rich lipoprotein particles. Significant (p< 0.001) reductions were also seen in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-25 to -35%) and non-HDL-C (-26 to -40%). Levels of HDL-C were increased (7-11%) in the simvastatin groups compared with placebo (p < 0.05 - < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the beneficial effects of simvastatin in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. C1 Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. Metab & Atherosclerosis Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Lipid Res Clin, Iowa City, IA USA. Lipids Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent Clin, Kansas City, KS USA. NW Lipid Res Clin, Seattle, WA USA. San Diego Endocrine & Med Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Louisville Metab & Atherosclerosis Res Ctr, Louisville, KY USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Chicago Ctr Clin Res, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Lipids & Cardiovasc Hlth, Portland, ME USA. Natl Clin Res Inc, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mitchel, YB (reprint author), Merck Res Labs, 126 E Lincoln Ave,RY34-A228, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY PUBL CO PI MAHWAH PA PO BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0160-9289 J9 CLIN CARDIOL JI Clin. Cardiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1002/clc.4960260105 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 633FY UT WOS:000180273000004 PM 12539808 ER PT J AU Hamilton, AT Huntley, S Kim, J Branscomb, E Stubbs, L AF Hamilton, AT Huntley, S Kim, J Branscomb, E Stubbs, L TI Lineage-specific expansion of KRAB zinc-finger transcription factor genes: Implications for the evolution of vertebrate regulatory networks SO COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology CY 2003 CL Cold Spring Harbor, NY SP Natl Human Genome Res Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Canc Inst, US DOE, Amgen Inc, Aventis Pharma AG, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Eli Lilly & Co, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Pharma AG, Pfizer Inc, Appl Biosyst, AstraZeneca, Bio Ventures Inc, Cogene BioTech Ventures Lt, Diagnost Products Corp, Forest Lab Inc, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuit Res & Dev L L C, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Lexicon Genet Inc, Merck Res Lab, New England BioLabs Inc, OSI Pharmaceut Inc, Pall Corp, Schering-Plough Res Inst, Wyeth Genet Inst ID DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; DUPLICATE GENES; PROTEIN GENE; TARGET GENES; C-MYC; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; RECOGNITION; FAMILIES; MOUSE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Hamilton, AT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 62 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 0091-7451 J9 COLD SPRING HARB SYM JI Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. PY 2003 VL 68 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1101/sqb.2003.68.131 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 841YT UT WOS:000222969300016 PM 15338611 ER PT J AU Ovcharenko, I Loots, GG AF Ovcharenko, I Loots, GG TI Comparative genomic tools for exploring the human genome SO COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology CY 2003 CL Cold Spring Harbor, NY SP Natl Human Genome Res Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Canc Inst, US DOE, Amgen Inc, Aventis Pharma AG, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Eli Lilly & Co, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Pharma AG, Pfizer Inc, Appl Biosyst, AstraZeneca, Bio Ventures Inc, Cogene BioTech Ventures Lt, Diagnost Products Corp, Forest Lab Inc, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuit Res & Dev L L C, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Lexicon Genet Inc, Merck Res Lab, New England BioLabs Inc, OSI Pharmaceut Inc, Pall Corp, Schering-Plough Res Inst, Wyeth Genet Inst ID FACTOR-BINDING SITES; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; REGIONS; ALIGNMENTS; DISCOVERY; CLUSTERS; DATABASE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, EEBI Comp Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ovcharenko, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, EEBI Comp Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 0091-7451 J9 COLD SPRING HARB SYM JI Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. PY 2003 VL 68 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1101/sqb.2003.68.283 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 841YT UT WOS:000222969300033 PM 15338628 ER PT J AU Pennacchio, LA Baroukh, N Rubin, EM AF Pennacchio, LA Baroukh, N Rubin, EM TI Human-mouse comparative genomics: Successes and failures to reveal functional regions of the human genome SO COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology CY 2003 CL Cold Spring Harbor, NY SP Natl Human Genome Res Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Canc Inst, US DOE, Amgen Inc, Aventis Pharma AG, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Eli Lilly & Co, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Pharma AG, Pfizer Inc, Appl Biosyst, AstraZeneca, Bio Ventures Inc, Cogene BioTech Ventures Lt, Diagnost Products Corp, Forest Lab Inc, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuit Res & Dev L L C, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Lexicon Genet Inc, Merck Res Lab, New England BioLabs Inc, OSI Pharmaceut Inc, Pall Corp, Schering-Plough Res Inst, Wyeth Genet Inst ID CONSERVED NONCODING SEQUENCES; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; COORDINATE REGULATOR; TRANSGENIC MICE; FUGU-RUBRIPES; ALIGNMENTS; EXPRESSION; STRATEGIES; INSIGHTS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-071954A, HL-66681] NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 0091-7451 J9 COLD SPRING HARB SYM JI Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. PY 2003 VL 68 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1101/sqb.2003.68.303 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 841YT UT WOS:000222969300035 PM 15338630 ER PT J AU Dally, BB Masri, AR Barlow, RS Fiechtner, GJ AF Dally, BB Masri, AR Barlow, RS Fiechtner, GJ TI Two-photon laser-induced fluorescence measurement of CO in turbulent non-premixed bluff body flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE bluff body; CO; LIF; Raman; flame ID NONPREMIXED FLAMES; FLOW AB Detailed measurements of reactive and passive scalars in axisymmetric bluff-body flames of CH4/H-2, CH4/air, and CO/H-2 have been reported in the past [1] and have been used in several studies directed at developing and validating turbulent combustion models [2-5]. Comparisons of measured and modeled results for flames with CH4/H-2 as fuel have shown significant disagreement in the mass fractions of CO, with the Raman scattering measurements of [CO] being much higher than the modeling calculations. Previously published data [1] were collected using the Raman scattering technique for all major species including CO. Raman scattering measurements of [CO] in methane flames suffer from laser-excited interference from higher hydrocarbons formed on the fuel-rich side of the reaction zone. It is well established [6-8] that measurements of [CO] based on two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (TPLIF) can provide much better accuracy than those based on Raman scattering in methane and natural gas flames. (C) 2003 The Combustion Institute. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dally, BB (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. OI Dally, Bassam/0000-0001-9777-0885 NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1-2 BP 272 EP 274 AR PII S0010-2180(02)00435-2 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00435-2 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 644LV UT WOS:000180920200020 ER PT S AU Fittinghoff, D Springer, PT Barty, CPJ Brown, W Crane, J Cross, R Ditmire, T Gibson, D Hartemann, F Le Sage, GP Rosenzweig, J Slaughter, D Streitz, FH Tremaine, A Anderson, S Kuba, J Booth, R Moriarty, J McMahan, A Cynn, H Yoo, CS AF Fittinghoff, D Springer, PT Barty, CPJ Brown, W Crane, J Cross, R Ditmire, T Gibson, D Hartemann, F Le Sage, GP Rosenzweig, J Slaughter, D Streitz, FH Tremaine, A Anderson, S Kuba, J Booth, R Moriarty, J McMahan, A Cynn, H Yoo, CS BE Neev, J Ostendorf, A Schaffer, CB TI PLEIADES: a subpicosecond Thomson x-ray source for ultrafast materials probing SO COMMERCIAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST LASERS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Commercial and Biomedical Applications of Ultrafast Lasers III CY JAN 28-30, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Clark MRX, Coherent, IMRA Amer Inc, Spectra Phys, Positive Light Inc DE Thomson scattering; inverse Compton scattering; x-ray generation; dynamic diffraction; radiography ID PULSES AB The use of ultrafast laser pulses to generate very high brightness, ultrashort (10(-14) to 10(-12) S) pulses of x-rays is a topic of great interest to the x-ray user community. In principle, femtosecond-scale pump-probe experiments can be used to temporally resolve structural dynamics of materials on the time scale of atomic motion. However, further development of this field is severely hindered by the absence of a suitably intense x-ray source that would drive the development of improved experimental techniques and establish a broader range of applicability. We report on a project at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to produce a novel x-ray source and essential experimental techniques that will enable unprecedented dynamic measurements in matter. Based on scattering of a sub-50-fs, multi-terawatt, multi-beam laser from a co-synchronous and highly focused relativistic electron bunch, PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser Electron Interaction for Dynamic Evaluation of Structures) will produce tunable, ultrafast, hard x-ray (10-200 keV) probes that greatly exceed existing 3rd generation synchrotron sources in speed (100 fs-1 ps), peak brightness (10(20) ph/mm(2)s mrad(2) 0.1% BW, and > 10(9) ph/pulse), and simplicity (100-fold smaller). Such bright, ultrafast high energy x-rays will enable pump-probe experiments using radiography, dynamic. diffraction, and spectroscopy to address the equation of state and dynamics of phase transitions and structure in laser heated and compressed heavy dense metals of interest for materials science. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fittinghoff, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4778-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4978 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.478587 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BX22Q UT WOS:000184695400011 ER PT J AU McEnerney, J Stengle, G AF McEnerney, J Stengle, G TI An algebraic study of affine real ultrafilters SO COMMUNICATIONS IN ALGEBRA LA English DT Article DE real spectrum; semi-algebraic; semi-linear; convexity AB The families of affine semi-algebraic sets over a real-closed field K and semi-linear sets over an ordered field enjoy many closure properties with algebraic and geometric significance. This paper studies the natural closure properies of Minkowski sums and scalar dilation. It gives an extension of the underlying vector space structure that enables the study of an arithmetic on the abstract points of their associated spectra. This arithmetic satisfies certain cancellation principles that motivates an investigation into an algebraic object weaker than a group and culminates with a version of the Jordan-Holder theorem. With the subsequent definition of dimension we show that the collection of affine real ultrafilters in K-n is n-dimensional over the scalar ultrafilters. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Math, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP McEnerney, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0092-7872 J9 COMMUN ALGEBRA JI Commun. Algebr. PY 2003 VL 31 IS 9 BP 4329 EP 4357 DI 10.1081/AGB-120022795 PG 29 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 714CC UT WOS:000184893900013 ER PT J AU Bolan, NS Mowatt, C Adriano, DC Blennerhassett, JD AF Bolan, NS Mowatt, C Adriano, DC Blennerhassett, JD TI Removal of ammonium ions from fellmongery effluent by zeolite SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ammonium; cation exchange capacity (CEC); cation adsorption; fellmongery; nutrient ions; wastewater; zeolite ID NATURAL ZEOLITES; WASTE-WATER; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; EXCHANGE; PROTECTION; NITRATE AB The introduction of the Resource Management Act in 1991 in New Zealand enforces statutory requirements for the disposal of farm and industrial wastewaters in ways that minimize environmental impacts. Wastewaters often contain high concentrations of ammonium (NH4+), phosphate (H2PO4-) and potassium (K+) ions, and in some cases heavy metals. Zeolite is a naturally occurring, porous and,electrically-charged alumino-silicate mineral, which can be used to adsorb cation and anion contaminants from wastewater. Zeolites of New Zealand origin were obtained from New Zealand Resource Refineries Ltd. and evaluated for their effectiveness to remove NH4+ ions from a fellmongery wastewater stream. The natural zeolites were of clinoptilolite species and had high cation exchange capacity (CEC) (> 100 cmol kg(-1)), which after treatment with alkali solutions increased by up to 74%. The CEC of the zeolites indicated that these samples can hold a potential maximum of 18.7 to 20.1 g NH4+ kg(-1) zeolite. The adsorption of NH4+ ions by the zeolites increased with increasing NH4+ ion concentration in the fellmongery wastewater. The presence of other cations in the fellmongery wastewater apparently interfered with NH4+ ion adsorption, resulting in only a small fraction of the CEC getting occupied by the NH4+ ions. Although an increase in. CEC due to alkali treatment increased the adsorption of NH4+ ions, H+ ion saturated zeolites adsorbed higher amount of NH4+ ions than the zeolites saturated with other cations. The cation-loaded zeolite was regenerated for NH4+ ion adsorption by leaching with 0.5 M HCl, and even after 12 regeneration cycles the amount of NH4+ ion adsorption remained unaffected, indicating the potential for recycling zeolite for removing NH4+ ions from the waste stream. C1 Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Fertilizer & Lime Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Resource Refineries Ltd, Matamata, New Zealand. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Bolan, NS (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Fertilizer & Lime Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RI Bolan, Nanthi/E-8535-2011 OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 13-14 BP 1861 EP 1872 DI 10.1081/CSS-120023222 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 708VK UT WOS:000184590300007 ER PT J AU Wong, PC Wong, KK Foote, H AF Wong, PC Wong, KK Foote, H TI Organic data memory using the DNA approach SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Baylor Sch Med, Houston, TX USA. Texas Childrens Canc Ctr, Microarray Lab, Houston, TX USA. RP Wong, PC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Wong, Kwong-Kwok/0000-0002-0375-6669 NR 2 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JAN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1145/602421.602426 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 631JH UT WOS:000180164000030 ER PT S AU Hu, J Ward, S Wang, Q AF Hu, J Ward, S Wang, Q BE McCall, MW Dewar, G TI Electric switching in sol-gel derived SiO2 films SO COMPLEX MEDIUMS IV: BEYOND LINEAR ISOTROPIC DIELECTRICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Complex Mediums IV - Beyond Linear Isotropic Dielectrics CY AUG 04-05, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE sol-gel; silica films; switching; dielectric breakdown; dynamics; metal diffusion ID CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFUSION; FILMS AB We have investigated electrical switching behavior of sol-gel derived SiO2 films in c-Si(p)/SiO2/metal structures. The SiO2 film is fabricated from silicafilm (a soluble Si polymer in dissolved in denatured alcohol) using spin-coating technique. The thickness of the film is in the range of 300 similar to 2000 Angstrom which depends on both spinning speed and the degree of dilution. We find that, with Ag as the top contact, when the applied voltage reaches a critical value of 1.5 similar to 2.5 V, current increases rapidly many orders of magnitude higher, and an irreversible switching occurs. The switching is also found to be polarity-dependent. The switching occurs only when the top contact (Ag) is biased positively, indicating the switching involves diffusion or electromigration of Ag. Both switching voltage and current are found to scale with the top contact area of the device. The switching dynamics is studied using voltage-pulse over a duration of 300 ns to 500 ms and amplitude of 2 to 20 V. We find that the switching electrical field is strongly dependent of the delay time prior to switching, and not related to the film thickness. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5091-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5218 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.506333 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BX59C UT WOS:000185779400003 ER PT S AU Kim, HY Jerath, K Sheldon, F AF Kim, HY Jerath, K Sheldon, F BE Cechich, A Piattini, M Vallecillo, A TI Assessment of high integrity software components for completeness, consistency, fault-tolerance, and reliability SO COMPONENT-BASED SOFTWARE QUALITY: METHODS AND TECHNIQUES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article ID MULTIVERSION SOFTWARE; SYSTEMS; FAILURES AB The use of formal model based (FMB) methods to evaluate the quality of components is an important research area. Except for a growing number of exceptions, FMB methods are still not really used in practice. This chapter presents two case studies that illustrate the value of FMB approaches for developing and evaluating component-based software. In the first study, Zed (or Z) and Statecharts are used to evaluate (a priori) the software requirement specification of a Guidance Control System for completeness, consistency and fault-tolerance. The second study evaluates (post-priori) the reliability of a complex vehicle system using Stochastic Activity Networks (SANS). The FMB approach presented here provides further evidence that such methods can indeed be useful by showing how these two different industrial strength systems were assessed and the results. Clearly, future investigations of this nature will help to convince software system developers using component based approaches that such FMB methods should be considered as a valuable tool toward improving the software product lifecycle (quality, schedule and cost). C1 Samsung Electromech, Bluetooth Res Grp, Suwon 442743, South Korea. Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, HY (reprint author), Samsung Electromech, Bluetooth Res Grp, HQ,314 Meatan 3 Dong, Suwon 442743, South Korea. EM hyekim@ieee.org; kjerath@eecs.wsu.edu; sheldon@acm.org RI Piattini, Mario/F-6271-2013; OI Piattini, Mario/0000-0002-7212-8279; Sheldon, Frederick/0000-0003-1241-2750 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40503-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2693 BP 259 EP 286 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX45T UT WOS:000185335500013 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Corum, JM Battiste, RL AF Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Corum, JM Battiste, RL TI Short-term static and cyclic behavior of two automotive carbon-fiber composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE polymer-matrix composites; carbon fiber; mechanical properties; fatigue AB The basic static (tensile, compressive, and in-plane shear) and fatigue properties, including temperature and fluid environment effects, for two carbon-fiber polymeric composites, produced by a rapid-molding process suitable for high volume automotive applications, are described. The two composites had the same urea/urethane matrix and were reinforced with stitch-bonded carbon-fiber mats, in a crossply layup in one case, and in a quasi-isotropic layup in the other. All properties were determined over a temperature range from - 40 to 120 degreesC, and the degradation of the properties due to distilled water and windshield washer fluid was established. In all cases, two fiber orientations of the crossply, 0/90degrees and +/-45degrees, relative to the specimen axes were addressed. As expected, matrix-dominated proper-ties were degraded more by rising temperatures than were fiber-dominated properties. Fluid had only a modest effect in both cases. Basic fatigue behavioral characteristics were established through tensile fatigue tests over the temperature range of interest. An assessment of fatigue test results for the two composites revealed differences in a progressive loss in stiffness and an increase in permanent strain, both of which are indicative of increasing damage. In all cases, fatigue reduction factors were established to account for the effects of temperature and fluids. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 8 BP 731 EP 741 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(03)00137-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 710LC UT WOS:000184680800005 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Lee, S AF Hsueh, CH Lee, S TI Modeling of elastic thermal stresses in two materials joined by a graded layer SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE graded layers; thermal stresses; coatings ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; COATINGS; FILMS; DEPOSITION; ADHESION; STRAIN; FGM AB The distribution of elastic thermal stresses in two dissimilar materials joined by a graded layer is a critical issue and has been analyzed previously. However, numerical methods have often been used. The difficulty in obtaining an analytical solution in existing analyses is discussed, and an exact closed-form solution is derived in the present study. To illustrate applications of the present solution, results are calculated for elastic thermal stresses in thermal barrier coatings, which consist of substrate, graded bond coat, and top coat. Different profiles of the thermomechanical properties in the bond coat are considered to examine how the graded interlayer modifies the elastic thermal stress distribution in the system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 27 TC 36 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 8 BP 747 EP 752 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(03)00088-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 735FZ UT WOS:000186102900008 ER PT S AU Crandall, RS AF Crandall, RS BE Noufi, R Shafarman, WN Cahen, D Stolt, L TI Meyer-Neldel rule in deep-level-transient-spectroscopy and its ramifications SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AE Res Lab, VSSV, Shell Solar Ind, ITN Engery Syst Inc, SULA Technol, Univ Delaware, Inst Energy Convers ID P-TYPE; INGAASN; SILICON AB This paper presents data showing a Meyer-Neldel rule (MNR) in InGaAsN alloys. It is shown that without this knowledge, significant errors will be made using Deep-Level Transient-Spectroscopy (DLTS) emission data to determine capture cross sections. By correctly accounting for the MNR in analyzing the DLTS data the correct value of the cross section is obtained. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Crandall, RS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-700-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 763 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX72W UT WOS:000186232600011 ER PT S AU Johnston, SW Crandall, RS AF Johnston, SW Crandall, RS BE Noufi, R Shafarman, WN Cahen, D Stolt, L TI Evidence of the Meyer-Neldel rule in InGaAsN alloys: Consequences for photovoltaic materials SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AE Res Lab, VSSV, Shell Solar Ind, ITN Engery Syst Inc, SULA Technol, Univ Delaware, Inst Energy Convers ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DEEP-LEVEL DEFECTS; P-TYPE; GAAS; GAINNAS; ORIGIN AB We present data showing the potential adverse effects on photovoltaic device performance of all traps in InGaAsN. Deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements were performed on InGaAsN samples grown by both metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and RF plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. For each growth technique, we studied samples with varying nitrogen composition ranging from 0% to 2.2%. A deep hole trap with activation energy ranging between 0.5 and 0.8 eV is observed in all samples. These data clearly obey the Meyer-Neldel rule, which states that all traps have the same emission rate at the isokinetic temperature. A fit of our trap data gives an isokinetic temperature of 350 K. We find that the emission time for all deep hole traps is on the order of milliseconds at room temperature. This means that both deep and shallow traps emit slowly at the operating temperature of solar cells-thus, the traps can be recombination centers. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnston, SW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-700-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 763 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX72W UT WOS:000186232600012 ER PT S AU Yan, YF Jones, KM Wu, X Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, YF Jones, KM Wu, X Al-Jassim, MM BE Noufi, R Shafarman, WN Cahen, D Stolt, L TI Formation of CdxHg1-xTe layers on CdTe after NP-etching and HgTe-graphite pasting SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AE Res Lab, VSSV, Shell Solar Ind, ITN Engery Syst Inc, SULA Technol, Univ Delaware, Inst Energy Convers ID SURFACE PRETREATMENTS; CONTACTS; BEHAVIOR AB We report on our investigation of the microstructure and chemical composition at the CdTe/Te-rich interfaces generated by NP-etching polycrystalline and single-crystalline CdTe films and followed with HgTe-graphite pasting and thermal annealing. We find that after this process, a thin layer of CdxHg1-xTe forms between CdTe and Te-rich layers, giving a structure like CdTe/CdxHg1-xTe/Te. High-resolution electron microscopy reveals that the CdxHg1-xTe layer has an epitaxial relationship with the CdTe. No CdxHg1-xTe layer has been observed in bromine/methanol-etched samples or samples with intentionally deposited Te layers. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-700-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 763 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX72W UT WOS:000186232600016 ER PT S AU Gessert, TA Romero, MJ Dhere, RG Asher, SE AF Gessert, TA Romero, MJ Dhere, RG Asher, SE BE Noufi, R Shafarman, WN Cahen, D Stolt, L TI Analysis of the ZnTe : Cu contact on CdS/CdTe solar cells SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AE Res Lab, VSSV, Shell Solar Ind, ITN Engery Syst Inc, SULA Technol, Univ Delaware, Inst Energy Convers ID CDTE; STABILITY AB We report on the recent use of cathodoluminescence (CL) to probe the depth-dependent changes in radiative recombination that occur in CdTe devices during ZnTe:Cu contacting procedures. These types of CL measurements may be useful to assist in linking impurity diffusion (e.g., Cu) from the contact with depth-dependent variation in electrical activation within the CdTe layer. Variable-energy CL suggests that diffusion from the ZnTe:Cu contact interface may assist in reducing effects of shallow donors in the CdTe bulk, and yield higher acceptor levels in the region near the contact. CL analysis near abrupt metal discontinuities provides estimates of diffusion lengths for carriers associated with both excitonic and donor-to-acceptor pair recombination. Finally, CL measurements at increasing excitation levels (i.e., increasing electron-beam current) provides estimates of the defect state density, as well as providing evidence that discrete multiple defect bands may exist in CdTe prior to contacting. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-700-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 763 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BX72W UT WOS:000186232600018 ER PT S AU Young, DL Ramanathan, K Contreras, M Abushama, J Crandall, RS AF Young, DL Ramanathan, K Contreras, M Abushama, J Crandall, RS BE Noufi, R Shafarman, WN Cahen, D Stolt, L TI A barrier to trap filling in CuIn1-xGaxSe2 SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOVOLTAICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Photovoltaics held at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 22-25, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AE Res Lab, VSSV, Shell Solar Ind, ITN Engery Syst Inc, SULA Technol, Univ Delaware, Inst Energy Convers ID DEFECT STATES; GA-CONTENT; SPECTROSCOPY; CU(IN,GA)SE-2; DENSITIES; JUNCTIONS; DEVICES; CUINSE2; FILMS; BULK AB Voltage pulses of variable length were applied to Culn(1-x)Ga(x)Se(2)/CdS (0 1 > 3 > 4 > 6 > 5 > 7, as the electron-accepting ability of L-A increases. The E-max values generally correlate with cyclic voltammetric and H-1 NMR data. Comparisons of the MLCT absorption and electrochemical data for 1-7 show that a trans-{Ru-II (NCS)(NH3)(4)}(+) centre is a stronger electron donor than analogous groups containing only neutral ligands. Molecular rst hyperpolarizabilities have been measured by using the hyper- Rayleigh scattering technique with acetonitrile solutions and a 1064 nm laser, and static rst hyperpolarizabilities beta(0)[H] were obtained by application of the two- state model. Stark (electroabsorption) spectroscopic studies in butyronitrile glasses at 77 K have a orded dipole moment changes Deltamu(12) for the MLCT transitions which have been used to calculate beta(0)[S] values according to the two-state equation beta(0) = 3Deltamu(12)(mu(12))(2)/( E-max) (2) (mu(12) = transition dipole moment). Both the beta(0)[H] and beta(0) [S] data confirm that the increased electron donor ability of a trans-{Ru-II(NCS)(NH3)(4)}(+) centre affords enhanced beta(0) values, when compared with related complexes containing the neutral trans ligands NH3, 4-( dimethylamino)pyridine, N-methylimidazole (mim) or pyridine. However, the magnitude of the observed beta(0) increase with respect to the analogous mim complexes varies over a range of ca. 25- 120%, depending upon L-A. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Leuven, Ctr Res Mol Elect & Photon, Lab Chem & Biol Dynam, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Coe, BJ (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RI Brunschwig, Bruce/G-4249-2011 NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2003 IS 11 BP 2335 EP 2341 DI 10.1039/b302668j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 683YD UT WOS:000183177900043 ER PT J AU Coe, BJ Harris, JA Brunschwig, BS AF Coe, BJ Harris, JA Brunschwig, BS TI Determination of the molecular quadratic non-linear optical responses of V-shaped metallochromophores by using Stark spectroscopy SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-ORDER POLARIZABILITY TENSOR; CHARGE-TRANSFER ABSORPTION; HYPER-RAYLEIGH SCATTERING; SCHIFF-BASE COMPLEXES; NONLINEAR OPTICS; RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES; METAL-COMPLEXES; DIPOLAR; ELECTROABSORPTION; CHROMOPHORES AB The static molecular first hyperpolarizabilities beta(0) of a series of V-shaped Ru-II chromophores with two overlapping visible metal-to-ligand charge-transfer absorptions have been determined by using data obtained from Stark spectroscopy. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coe, BJ (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RI Brunschwig, Bruce/G-4249-2011 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2003 IS 12 BP 2384 EP 2386 DI 10.1039/b304085b PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 688JF UT WOS:000183430100004 ER PT J AU Manson, JL Lecher, JG Gu, JY Geiser, U Schlueter, JA Henning, R Wang, XP Schultz, AJ Koo, HJ Whangbo, MH AF Manson, JL Lecher, JG Gu, JY Geiser, U Schlueter, JA Henning, R Wang, XP Schultz, AJ Koo, HJ Whangbo, MH TI Cu(HCO2)(2)L {L = pyrazine, 4,4 '-bipyridine}: employing the formate anion as a building block in three-dimensional coordination polymers SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; MAGNETIC-ORDERING TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR-BASED MAGNETS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; COPPER FORMATE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; DIMER ANALYSIS; ANTIFERROMAGNET; HEISENBERG AB The formate anion, HCO2-, has been used infrequently as a building block in molecular magnetic materials. We have synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized two new Cu(HCO2)(2)L compounds, where L represents pyrazine (pyz) and 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy). The single crystal structure of Cu(HCO2)(2)(pyz), 1, has been established by both X-ray (295 K) and neutron diffraction (20 K). The compound consists of tetragonally-elongated CuN2O4 octahedra made up of four bridging formate anions and two neutral pyz ligands. The 3D polymeric network is comprised of 2D Cu(HCO2)(2) layers that are fused together by the linear pyz spacers, which form Cu-pyz-Cu chains. Cu(HCO2)(2)(bipy), 2, is chiral and has a more complex framework than 1. The CuO4N2 octahedra align in two unique orientations relative to one another, owing to the 4(1) and 2(1) screw axes that lie along the a and b-axes. The octahedra are connected via four bridging HCO2- anions and two bridging bipy ligands, resulting in a unique 3D scaffold structure. The magnetic behavior of 1 and 2 indicates antiferro- and ferromagnetic interactions, respectively, and the exchange couplings in both 1 and 2 are well reproduced by a 1D spin Hamiltonian. Spin dimer analysis was carried out to evaluate the relative strengths of the various spin exchange paths. It is found that the interaction through HCO2- is comparatively weak, and the strong Cu2+ spin exchange interactions are mediated by the pyz and bipy ligands via the sigma-pathway. A possible reason as to why 2 displays ferromagnetic coupling is proposed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Wang, Xiaoping/E-8050-2012 OI Wang, Xiaoping/0000-0001-7143-8112 NR 60 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2003 IS 14 BP 2905 EP 2911 DI 10.1039/b302631k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 699GW UT WOS:000184049700018 ER PT S AU Cundy, AL Hemez, FM Inman, DJ Park, G AF Cundy, AL Hemez, FM Inman, DJ Park, G BE DulieuBarton, JM Brennan, MJ Holford, KM Worden, K TI Use of response surface metamodels for damage identification of a simple nonlinear system SO DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURES, PROCEEDINGS SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures CY JUL 01-03, 2003 CL SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND DE damage identification; response surface metamodels AB Metamodels have been used with success in many areas of engineering for decades but only recently has their use in the field of structural dynamics started to be explored. This research applies the approach of metamodeling to the damage identification problem in structural dynamics. In this case, a metamodel is a reduced order model, constructed by empirically fitting a model to a set of points in the design space. Points in the design space may be chosen using a design of experiments approach. Then a polynomial model is fit to the points using a multiple regression fitting scheme. This empirical fit allows models to be constructed that relate damage parameters of interest (such as stiffness reduction and its location) to measurable output features (e.g. natural frequencies). The method has been demonstrated and its, success quantified for simple linear and nonlinear simulations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Cundy, AL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ES-WR,M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-922-9 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2003 VL 245-2 BP 167 EP 174 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BW97Q UT WOS:000183830800019 ER PT S AU Farrar, CR Hemez, F Park, G Robertson, AN Sohn, H Williams, TO AF Farrar, CR Hemez, F Park, G Robertson, AN Sohn, H Williams, TO BE DulieuBarton, JM Brennan, MJ Holford, KM Worden, K TI A coupled approach to developing damage prognosis solutions SO DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURES, PROCEEDINGS SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures CY JUL 01-03, 2003 CL SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND DE damage detection; damage prognosis; impedance method; model validation; reliability analysis; structural health monitoring; uncertainty quantification ID COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PLATE-THEORY; DELAMINATION; SERIES AB An approach to developing damage prognosis (DP) solution that is being developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is summarized in this paper. This approach integrates aadvanced sensing technology, data interrogation procedures for state awareness, novel model validation and uncertainty quantification techniques, and reliability-based decision-making algorithms in an effort to transition the concept of damage prognosis to actual practice. In parallel with this development, experimental efforts are underway to deliver a proof-of-principle technology demonstration. This demonstration will assess impact damage and predict the subsequent fatigue damage accumulation in a composite plate. Although the project focus will be DP for composite materials, most of this technology can generalize to many other applications. The unique aspects of this approach discussed herein include: 1) multi-length scale damage models analyzed on tera-scale computer platforms that discretize composites on an individual lamina level, 2) integration of advanced sensors with Los Alamos's flight-hardened data acquisition system, 3) damage detection, based on a statistical pattern recognition approach, and 4) reliability-based metamodels with quantified uncertainty that can be deployed on microprocessors integrated with the sensing system for autonomous damage prognosis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. HYTEC Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T-006, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-922-9 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2003 VL 245-2 BP 289 EP 304 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BW97Q UT WOS:000183830800033 ER PT S AU Pourabbas, E Shoshani, A AF Pourabbas, E Shoshani, A BE Kambayashi, Y Mohania, M Woss, W TI Answering joint queries from multiple aggregate OLAP databases SO DATA WAREHOUSING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery (DaWaK 2003) CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC AB Given an OLAP query expressed over multiple source OLAP databases, we study the problem of evaluating the result OLAP target database. The problem arises when it is not possible to derive the result from a single database. The method we use is the linear indirect estimator, commonly used for statistical estimation. We examine two obvious computational methods for computing such a target database, called the "Full-cross-product" (F) and the "Pre-aggregation" (P) methods. We study the accuracy and computational complexity of these methods. While the method F provides a more accurate estimate, it is more expensive computationally than P. Our contribution is in proposing a third new method, called the "Partial-Pre-aggregation" method (PP), which is significantly less expensive than F, but is just as accurate. C1 CNR, Ist Analisi Sistemi & Informat Antonio Ruberti, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pourabbas, E (reprint author), CNR, Ist Analisi Sistemi & Informat Antonio Ruberti, Viale Manzoni,30, I-00185 Rome, Italy. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-40807-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2737 BP 24 EP 34 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX62P UT WOS:000185936500004 ER PT J AU Yang, YL Kusakabe, M Southon, JR AF Yang, YL Kusakabe, M Southon, JR TI Be-10 profiles in the East China Sea and the Okinawa Trough SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; WATER; DEPOSITION; KUROSHIO; PA-231; RIVER; SHELF AB Dissolved beryllium-10 concentration profiles in sea water of the East China Sea and the Okinawa Trough in 1993 autumn and 1994 summer have been investigated. The results show that Be-10 concentrations in this area are mainly controlled by surface biological productivity, particle remineralization, and the degree of mixing with the Yangtze River and the Kuroshio waters. During the sampling periods (summer and autumn), the East China Sea was well stratified. Generally, the Be-10 water depth profiles can be divided into three layers: the surface mixed layer, the particulate Be-10 regeneration layer, and the bottom layer. Surface water Be-10 concentrations increase gradually towards the Kuroshio and increase sharply at the edge of the Kuroshio Current. Vertical distributions of Be-10 show that in the summer Be-10 is enriched in the bottom water near the Yangtze River estuary and the bottom water in the middle of the continental shelf. The two enriched areas are separated, probably by an intrusion of the Continental Coastal Water. In the autumn, Be-10 bottom enrichment only occurred in the western part of the East China Sea. This phenomenon is consistent with the seasonal circulation pattern change of currents induced by monsoon winds. The influence on Be-10 by the Kuroshio branch intrusion in the southern East China Sea northeast of Taiwan may be more significant than the Kuroshio main flow. Simple box model results indicate that Be-10 input from the Kuroshio Current is more important than Yangtze River input and atmospheric precipitation. About 81% of Be-10 input to the East China Sea is scavenged into the sediments and 19% of Be-10 flows out of the East China Sea by currents and water exchange. The Be-10 sedimentation flux in the East China Sea is nearly five times of the average global Be-10 production rate, suggesting that the East China Sea is an important sink for Be-10. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kusakabe, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Nakaminato Lab, 3606 Isozakicho, Hitachinaka 3111203, Japan. EM masashi@nirs.go.jp NR 36 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 339 EP 351 AR PII S0967-0645(02)00458-7 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00458-7 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 640KM UT WOS:000180688100003 ER PT J AU Esenkov, OE Olson, DB Bleck, R AF Esenkov, OE Olson, DB Bleck, R TI A study of the circulation and salinity budget of the Arabian Sea with an isopycnic coordinate ocean model SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOMALI CURRENT SYSTEM; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; SUMMER MONSOON; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORTS; CURRENTS; UNDERCURRENTS; VARIABILITY; EQUATIONS AB The evolution of surface circulation and salinity budget are studied with the open-boundary version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) that uses a global MICOM simulation as a boundary condition. Under climatological wind and thermodynamic forcing, the model develops solutions that are in good agreement with the climatologically forced global MICOM results and with observations. When the observed winds force the model, interannual variability of the surface fields increases significantly. However, coalescence of the two large eddies off Somalia in the end of the summer monsoon suggested in earlier observations does not occur in the model. To identify what processes facilitate or restrict the merger, a series of experiments was performed with modified model parameters and forcing fields. The eddies coalesced when half-slip, rather than no-slip, boundary conditions were used. In this case, less positive vorticity was produced at the coast, resulting in reduced blocking effect on the propagation of the southern eddy. The Socotra Island, which is submerged in the standard. model, hinders a northward movement of the Great Whirl, leading to a stronger interaction between the eddies, which results in their subsequent merging. A more realistic coalescence occurs in an experiment where winds are held constant after reaching the peak summer value. Freshwater fluxes from the east and south are important for the salinity budget in the Arabian Sea, where evaporation exceeds precipitation. The only significant cross-equatorial transport of low-salinity water occurs in the upper 400 m in the model. Most of this water is advected below the surface mixed layer at the western boundary. The strongest interaction between the mixed layer and the oceanic interior occurs during the summer in the coastal upwelling regions off Somalia. Almost half of all upwelled water comes from depths between 100 and 200 m, thus signifying the importance of mid-depth circulation and water mass distribution for the surface processes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Esenkov, OE (reprint author), 4620 Pin Oak Lane, Bellaire, TX 77401 USA. OI Olson, Donald/0000-0001-7180-5672 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 50 IS 12-13 BP 2091 EP 2110 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00047-X PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 696JY UT WOS:000183884900010 ER PT S AU Schneibel, JH Tortorelli, PF Kramer, MJ Thom, AJ Kruzic, JJ Ritchie, RO AF Schneibel, JH Tortorelli, PF Kramer, MJ Thom, AJ Kruzic, JJ Ritchie, RO BE George, EP Inui, H Mills, MJ Eggeler, G TI Optimization of Mo-Si-B intermetallics SO DEFECT PROPERTIES AND RELATED PHENOMENA IN INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect Properties and Related Phenomena in Intermetallic Alloys held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 03-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, JEOL Co Ltd, Kyoto Univ, MTS Syst Corp, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Shimadzu Co Ltd ID MO-12SI-8.5B AT.PERCENT; MOLYBDENUM SILICIDE; BEHAVIOR; BORON; SCALE AB Mo-Si-B intermetallics consisting of the phases Mo3Si, Mo5SiB2, and alpha-Mo (Mo solid solution) can be designed to exhibit some degree of oxidation resistance, fracture toughness, and creep strength, but not necessarily all of these at the same time. For example, microstructures that enhance the oxidation resistance are typically associated with low fracture toughness. Examples will be given illustrating the oxidation resistance, fracture toughness, and creep strength of Mo-Si-B intermetallics as a function of their phase volume fractions as well as the topology and length scale of their microstructures. Microstructures containing either individual alpha-Mo particles or a continuous alpha-Mo matrix will be described. The examples provide possible ways to control the composition and microstructure of Mo-Si-B alloys such as to optimize the desired balance of properties. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014; Eggeler, Gunther/R-9833-2016 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921; NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-690-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 753 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BX10X UT WOS:000184305700007 ER PT S AU Wang, XL Schneibel, JH Wang, YD Richardson, JW AF Wang, XL Schneibel, JH Wang, YD Richardson, JW BE George, EP Inui, H Mills, MJ Eggeler, G TI Annealing induced structural changes and microcracking in MO-MO3Si SO DEFECT PROPERTIES AND RELATED PHENOMENA IN INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Defect Properties and Related Phenomena in Intermetallic Alloys held at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 03-05, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, JEOL Co Ltd, Kyoto Univ, MTS Syst Corp, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Shimadzu Co Ltd ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Cast Mo-Mo3Si intermetallic composites develop microcracks after annealing at high temperature. Neutron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, composition analysis, and scanning electron microscopy have been used to characterize the structural changes induced by annealing of Mo-Mo3Si. It is shown that the observed cracking cannot be attributed to differential thermal stresses that developed on cooling from the annealing temperature. Instead, the experimental data suggest that the cracks were initiated at high temperature, possibly due to diffusion of Si atoms from supersaturated alpha-Mo to Mo3Si. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 701 Scarboro Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Eggeler, Gunther/R-9833-2016 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-690-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2003 VL 753 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BX10X UT WOS:000184305700059 ER PT B AU Veil, JA Puder, MG Littleton, DJ Johnson, N AF Veil, JA Puder, MG Littleton, DJ Johnson, N BE Dixon, DA Veio, JA Wisniewski, J TI A holistic look at minimizing adverse environmental impact under section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act SO DEFINING AND ASSESSING ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROM POWER PLANT IMPINGEMENT AND ENTRAINMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Symposium on the Meaning of AEI and Methods for its Assessment held in Conjunction with the Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 23, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ DE cooling water; intake structure; adverse environmental impact; 316(b); entrainment; impingement AB Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that "the location, design, construction, and capacity of cooling water intake structures reflect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact." As the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) develops new regulations to implement Section 316(b), much of the debate has centered on adverse impingement and entrainment impacts of cooling-water intake structures. Depending on the specific location and intake layout, once-through cooling systems withdrawing many millions of gallons of water per day can, to a varying degree, harm fish and other aquatic organisms in the water bodies from which the cooling water is withdrawn. Therefore, opponents of once-through cooling systems have encouraged the EPA to require wet or dry cooling tower systems as the best technology available (BTA), without considering site-specific conditions. However, within the context of the broader scope of the CWA mandate, this focus seems too narrow. Therefore, this article examines the phrase "minimizing adverse environmental impact" in a holistic light. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the terms "environmental" and "minimizing." Congress chose "environmental" in lieu of other more narrowly focused terms like "impingement and entrainment," "water quality," or "aquatic life." In this light, BTA for cooling-water intake structures must minimize the entire suite of environmental impacts, as opposed to just those associated with impingement and entrainment. Wet and dry cooling tower systems work well to minimize entrainment and impingement, but they introduce other equally important impacts because they impose an energy penalty on the power output of the generating unit. The energy penalty results from a reduction in plant operating efficiency and an increase in internal power consumption. As a consequence of the energy penalty, power companies must generate additional electricity to achieve the same net output. This added production leads to additional environmental impacts associated with extraction and processing of the fuel, air emissions from burning the fuel, and additional evaporation of freshwater supplies during the cooling process. Wet towers also require the use of toxic biocides that are subsequently discharged or disposed. The other term under consideration, "minimizing," does not equal "eliminating." Technologies may be available to minimize but not totally eliminate adverse environmental impacts. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Veil, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 955 Enfant Plaza SW,Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-517-7 PY 2003 BP 40 EP 55 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW45X UT WOS:000182078600005 ER PT S AU Phelan, JM Webb, SW AF Phelan, JM Webb, SW BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Data-model comparison of field landmine soil chemical signatures at Ft. Leonard Wood SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE landmine detection; chemical sensing; field data-model comparisons AB Chemical signatures from buried landmines vary widely due to landmine and environmental conditions. The simulation model T2TNT was developed to evaluate the nature of chemical transport in the soil surrounding a buried landmine. This model uses landmine chemical emission, soil physics, soil-chemical interaction, and surface weather data to estimate surface and subsurface concentrations to help understand the phenomenology of landmine trace chemical detection. While T2TNT compares favorably to controlled laboratory experiments for a buried source of DNT, field data-model comparisons are needed to further increase confidence in T2TNT predictions. The only multi-season landmine soil residue data are from a long-term monitoring project at the DARPA-developed Ft. Leonard Wood Site in Missouri, USA. About 1000 soil residue samples had been taken over six sampling events spanning 21 months since landmine burial. This effort compares the soil residue data from two landmine types to T2TNT model predictions. A one-dimensional model was used to represent the situation and used actual weather data from the site during this period, landmine flux data specific for the mines buried, and temperature and moisture-content dependent degradation rates. Spatial and temporal predictions of chemical concentrations in the soil compare favorably with the soil residue data from Ft. Leonard Wood, increasing confidence in the utility of T2TNT estimates of landmine signature chemicals for other locations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dangerous Mat Mitigat & Disposit Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phelan, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dangerous Mat Mitigat & Disposit Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 728 EP 739 DI 10.1117/12.487420 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400071 ER PT S AU Phelan, JM Barnett, JL Romero, JV Kerr, DR Griffin, FA AF Phelan, JM Barnett, JL Romero, JV Kerr, DR Griffin, FA BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Explosive chemical emissions from landmines SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE landmine detection; chemical sensing; landmine flux tests AB Chemical sensing for buried landmines is a complex phenomenon that includes mine chemical emissions, soil chemical transport/degradation, and detection at the ground surface. The technology to assess soil chemical transport has evolved and now provides a complex systems analysis capability using high fidelity computational simulation tools. Data requirements to evaluate a chemical sensing scenario include soil chemodynamic properties, micrometeorological conditions, and mine chemical emissions. Mine chemical emission tests were performed on four antipersonnel landmines using whole landmines in soil flux chambers. Soil flux chambers are simple containers that surround landmines with dry soil that act as an adsorbent. After a certain soak time, residue analysis of the soil provides the total chemical emission - a combination of both permeation and leakage. An evaluation of permeation differences into wet soil versus dry soil was also completed using thin polymer coupon sections. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phelan, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 746 EP 754 DI 10.1117/12.486330 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400073 ER PT S AU Gilbert, RO O'Brien, RF Wilson, JE Pulsipher, BA McKinstry, CA AF Gilbert, RO O'Brien, RF Wilson, JE Pulsipher, BA McKinstry, CA BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Identifying minefields and verifying clearance: Adapting statistical methods for UXO target detection SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE statistical survey design; UXO; transect spacing; minefield detection; target area bounding ID LOCATE RARE DEFECTIVES AB It may not be feasible to completely survey large tracts of land suspected of containing minefields. It is desirable to develop a characterization protocol that will confidently identify minefields within these bounded land tracts if they exist. Naturally, surveying areas of greatest concern and most likely locations would be necessary but will not provide the needed confidence that an unknown minefield has not eluded detection. Once minefields are detected, methods are needed to bound the area that will require detailed mine detection surveys. The U.S. Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) is sponsoring the development of statistical survey methods and tools for detecting potential UXO targets. These methods may be directly applicable to demining efforts. Statistical methods are employed to determine the optimal geophysical survey transect spacing to have confidence of detecting target areas of a critical size, shape, and anomaly density. Other methods under development determine the proportion of a land area that must be surveyed to confidently conclude that there are no UXO present. Adaptive sampling schemes are also being developed as an approach for bounding target areas. These methods and tools will be presented and the status of relevant research in this area will be discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gilbert, RO (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 884 EP 893 DI 10.1117/12.487363 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400086 ER PT S AU Webb, SW Phelan, JM AF Webb, SW Phelan, JM BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Effect of weather on landmine chemical signatures for different climates SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VIII CY APR 21-25, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE landmine; chemical sensing; simulation modeling; weather ID MODEL; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION AB Buried landmines are often detected through their chemical signature in the thin air layer, or boundary layer, right above the soil surface by sensors or animals. Environmental processes play a significant role in the available chemical signature. Due to the shallow burial depth of landmines, the weather also influences the release of chemicals from the landmine, transport through the soil to the surface, and degradation processes in the soil. The effect of weather on the landmine chemical signature from a PMN landmine was evaluated with the T2TNT code for three different climates: Kabul, Afghanistan, Ft. Leonard Wood, Missouri, USA, and Napacala, Mozambique. Results for TNT gas-phase and solid-phase concentrations are presented as a function of time of the year. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4949-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5089 BP 970 EP 982 DI 10.1117/12.487430 PN 1&2 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BX69J UT WOS:000186143400094 ER PT J AU Shen, X Collier, JM Hlaing, M Zhang, L Delshad, EH Bristow, J Bernstein, HS AF Shen, X Collier, JM Hlaing, M Zhang, L Delshad, EH Bristow, J Bernstein, HS TI Genome-wide examination of myoblast cell cycle withdrawal during differentiation SO DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE cell cycle; myogenesis; differentiation; C2C12 cells; microarray ID FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-5; MUSCLE SATELLITE CELLS; HELIX-LOOP-HELIX; ALPHA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; NITRIC-OXIDE; MYOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; STEM-CELLS; MYOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AB Skeletal and cardiac myocytes cease division within weeks of birth. Although skeletal muscle retains limited capacity for regeneration through recruitment of satellite cells, resident populations of adult myocardial stem cells have not been identified. Because cell cycle withdrawal accompanies myocyte differentiation, we hypothesized that C2C12 cells, a mouse myoblast cell line previously used to characterize myocyte differentiation, also would provide a model for studying cell cycle withdrawal during differentiation. C2C12 cells were differentiated in culture medium containing horse serum and harvested at various time points to characterize the expression profiles of known cell cycle and myogenic regulatory factors by immunoblot analysis. BrdU incorporation decreased dramatically in confluent cultures 48 hr after addition of horse serum, as cells started to form myotubes. This finding was preceded by up-regulation of MyoD, followed by myogenin, and activation of Bcl-2. Cyclin D1 was expressed in proliferating cultures and became undetectable in cultures containing 40% fused myotubes, as levels of p21(WAF1/Cip1) increased and alpha-actin became detectable. Because C2C12 myoblasts withdraw from the cell cycle during myocyte differentiation following a course that recapitulates this process in vivo, we performed a genome-wide screen to identify other gene products involved in this process. Using microarrays containing similar to10,000 minimally redundant mouse sequences that map to the UniGene database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, we compared gene expression profiles between proliferating, differentiating, and differentiated C2C12 cells and verified candidate genes demonstrating differential expression by RT-PCR. Cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed groups of gene products involved in cell cycle withdrawal, muscle differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition, we identified several genes, including DDAH2 and Ly-6A, whose expression specifically was up-regulated during cell cycle withdrawal coincident with early myoblast differentiation. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Cardiovasc Res, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Bernstein, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Cardiovasc Res, 505 Parnassus Ave,Box 0130, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL62174, HL07544, HL66727] NR 92 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1058-8388 J9 DEV DYNAM JI Dev. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 226 IS 1 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1002/dvdy.10200 PG 11 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology GA 632WD UT WOS:000180245900017 PM 12508234 ER PT B AU Albrow, MG AF Albrow, MG BE Fiore, R Jenkovszky, LL Kotsky, MI Magas, VK Paoa, A TI Diffractive physics in CDF - Run 2 SO DIFFRACTION 2002: INTERPRETATION OF THE NEW DIFFRACTIVE PHENOMENA IN QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS AND IN THE S-MATRIX THEORY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Interpretation of the New Diffractive Phenomena in Quantum Chromodynamics and in the S-Matrix Theory CY AUG 31-SEP 06, 2002 CL ALUSHTA, UKRAINE SP NATO, Int Comm ID DOUBLE-POMERON EXCHANGE; DOUBLE PARTON SCATTERING; COLOR-SINGLET EXCHANGE; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; FERMILAB TEVATRON; DIJET PRODUCTION; HIGGS PRODUCTION; PP COLLISIONS; RAPIDITY GAPS; ANTIPROTON AB After a brief review of the diffractive physics done by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) in Run 1 (ending 1996), I describe the improved detectors of Run 2 (starting 2001) and some of the new studies they make possible. These range from low mass exclusive central systems produced by double pomeron exchange, to high mass b (b) over bar dijets by DIPE. I comment on the possibility of a Higgs signal in the latter channel at the Tevatron (unlikely) or at the LHC (less unlikely). Some related. processes which could constrain the theoretical estimates are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Albrow, MG (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 122,Wilson Rd, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1306-X J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2003 VL 101 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BX13U UT WOS:000184407300001 ER PT S AU van Breugel, W Reuland, M de Vries, W Stanford, A Dey, A Kurk, J Venemans, B Rottgering, H Miley, G De Breuck, C Dopita, M Sutherland, R Bland-Hawthorn, J AF van Breugel, W Reuland, M de Vries, W Stanford, A Dey, A Kurk, J Venemans, B Rottgering, H Miley, G De Breuck, C Dopita, M Sutherland, R Bland-Hawthorn, J BE Guhathakurta, P TI BRIGHT lights, BIG city: Massive galaxies, giant Ly-a nebulae, and proto-clusters SO DISCOVERIES AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS FROM 6- TO 10- METER-CLASS TELESCOPES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Discoveries and Research Prospects from 6- to 10- Meter-Class Telescopes II CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE high redshift; radio galaxies; massive galaxies; proto-clusters; black holes ID REDSHIFT RADIO GALAXY; ALPHA EMISSION; ECHELLE SPECTROGRAPH; COOLING RADIATION; STAR-FORMATION; 4C 41.17; LINE; QUASARS; OBJECTS; Z=1.27 AB High redshift radio galaxies are great cosmological tools for pinpointing the most massive objects in the early Universe: massive forming galaxies, active super-massive black holes and proto-clusters. We report on deep narrow-band imaging and spectroscopic observations of several z > 2 radio galaxy fields to investigate the nature of giant Ly-alpha nebulae centered on the galaxies and to search for over-dense regions around them. We discuss the possible implications for our understanding of the formation and evolution of massive galaxies and galaxy clusters. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP van Breugel, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mailstop L-413, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4613-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4834 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.456509 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW43S UT WOS:000181979900003 ER PT S AU Cavallo, RM Cook, KH Minniti, D Vandehei, T AF Cavallo, RM Cook, KH Minniti, D Vandehei, T BE Guhathakurta, P TI Preliminary abundance analysis of galactic bulge main sequence, subgiant, and giant branch stars observed during microlensing with Keck/HIRES SO DISCOVERIES AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS FROM 6- TO 10- METER-CLASS TELESCOPES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Discoveries and Research Prospects from 6- to 10- Meter-Class Telescopes II CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE MACHO project; bulge; abundances; galactic chemical evolution ID TELESCOPE AB We present an abundance analysis of six main sequence turnoff, subgiant, and giant branch stars toward the Galactic bulge that were observed with Keck/HIRES during microlensing events. This is an early look at the first detailed chemical analysis of main sequence stars in the Galactic bulge. Lensing events allow the effective aperture of Keck to be increased beyond its current dimensions; although, some events still stretched its spectroscopic capabilities. Future large telescopes with high resolution and high throughput spectrometers will allow the study of abundances in distant stellar populations and in less evolved stars with greater ease. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cavallo, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4613-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4834 BP 66 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.457702 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW43S UT WOS:000181979900007 ER PT S AU de Vries, W van Breugel, W Quirrenbach, A AF de Vries, W van Breugel, W Quirrenbach, A BE Guhathakurta, P TI AO observations of three powerful radio galaxies SO DISCOVERIES AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS FROM 6- TO 10- METER-CLASS TELESCOPES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Discoveries and Research Prospects from 6- to 10- Meter-Class Telescopes II CY AUG 22-23, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; radio galaxies; AGN ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; HOST GALAXIES; REDSHIFT; CENTERS; HST; TELESCOPE; SEYFERT AB The host galaxies of powerful radio sources are ideal laboratories to study active galactic nuclei (AGN). The galaxies themselves are among the most massive systems in the universe, and are believed to harbor supermassive black holes (SMBH). If large galaxies are formed in a hierarchical way by multiple merger events, radio galaxies at low redshift represent the end-products of this process. However, it is not clear why some of these massive ellipticals have associated radio emission, while others do not. Both are thought to contain SMBHs, with masses proportional to the total luminous mass in the bulge. It either implies every SMBH has recurrent radioloud phases, and the radio-quiet galaxies happen to be in the "low" state, or that the radio galaxy nuclei are physically different from radio-quiet ones, i.e. by having a more massive SMBH for a given bulge mass. Here we present the first results from our adaptive optics imaging and spectroscopy pilot program on three nearby powerful radio galaxies. Initiating a larger, more systematic AO survey of radio galaxies (preferentially with Laser Guide Star equipped AO systems) has the potential of furthering our understanding of the physical properties of radio sources, their triggering, and their subsequent evolution. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP de Vries, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4613-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4834 BP 310 EP 318 DI 10.1117/12.457006 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW43S UT WOS:000181979900030 ER PT J AU Guo, D Drake, J AF Guo, Daniel Drake, John TI A GLOBAL SEMI-LAGRANGIAN SPECTRAL MODEL FOR THE REFORMULATED SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS SO DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Semi-Lagrangian Method; Spectral Transformation; Shallow-Water Equations; Standard Test Cases ID INTEGRATION; SCHEME; SPHERE AB In this paper, we study the semi-Lagrangian spectral method for the shallow-water equations in a rotating, spherical geometry. With the reformulation of a vector calculus identity for spherical geometries, we are able to write the vorticity and divergence equations in advective form and directly apply the semi-Lagrangian, spectral method. The scalar vorticity and divergence equations are used to avoid the pole problems. Shape preserving interpolation is used for the calculation of departure point values for all fields. The results of the standard test set are presented showing accuracy, stability and regularity properties of the method for atmospheric flows. C1 [Guo, Daniel] Univ N Carolina, Dept Math & Stat, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Drake, John] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guo, D (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Math & Stat, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM guod@uncwil.edu FU Climate Change Prediction Program of the Atmospheric and Climate Research Division, Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-84OR21400]; UT-Battelle FX Supported by the Climate Change Prediction Program of the Atmospheric and Climate Research Division, Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 with UT-Battelle. Computing resources were provided by the Center for Computing Sciences-Climate and Carbon at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1078-0947 EI 1553-5231 J9 DISCRETE CONT DYN-A JI Discret. Contin. Dyn. Syst. PY 2003 SU S BP 375 EP 385 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V30EN UT WOS:000208799400046 ER PT J AU Johann, DJ McGuigan, MD Tomov, S Fusaro, VA Ross, S Conrads, TP Veenstra, TD Fishman, DA Whiteley, GR Petricoin, EF Liotta, LA AF Johann, DJ McGuigan, MD Tomov, S Fusaro, VA Ross, S Conrads, TP Veenstra, TD Fishman, DA Whiteley, GR Petricoin, EF Liotta, LA TI Novel approaches to visualization and data mining reveals diagnostic information in the low amplitude region of serum mass spectra from ovarian cancer patients SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article DE ovarian cancer; SELDI-TOF MS; data visualization; diagnosis ID PROTEOMIC PATTERNS; PROSTATE-CANCER AB The ability to identify patterns of diagnostic signatures in proteomic data generated by high throughput mass spectrometry (MS) based serum analysis has recently generated much excitement and interest from the scientific community. These data sets can be very large, with high-resolution MS instrumentation producing 1-2 million data points per sample. Approaches to analyze mass spectral data using unsupervised and supervised data mining operations would greatly benefit from tools that effectively allow for data reduction without losing important diagnostic information. In the past, investigators have proposed approaches where data reduction is performed by a priori "peak picking" and alignment/warping/smoothing components using rule-based signal-to-noise measurements. Unfortunately, while this type of system has been employed for gene microarray analysis, it is unclear whether it will be effective in the analysis of mass spectral data, which unlike microarray data, is comprised of continuous measurement operations. Moreover, it is unclear where true signal begins and noise ends. Therefore, we have developed an approach to MS data analysis using new types of data visualization and mining operations in which data reduction is accomplished by culling via the intensity of the peaks themselves instead of by location. Applying this new analysis method on a large study set of high resolution mass spectra from healthy and ovarian cancer patients, shows that all of the diagnostic information is contained within the very lowest amplitude regions of the mass spectra. This region can then be selected and studied to identify the exact location and amplitude of the diagnostic biomarkers. C1 NCI, FDA, Clin Proteom Program, Pathol Lab,Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Informat Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SAIC Frederick Inc, NCI, Lab Proteom & Analyt Technol, Frederick, MD USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Natl Ovarian Canc Early Detect Program, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. SAIC Frederick, Clin Proteom Reference Lab, NCI FDA Clin Proteom Program, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NCI, FDA Clin Proteom Program, Off Cell & Gene Therapy, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res Food & Drug Adm, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Johann, DJ (reprint author), NCI, FDA, Clin Proteom Program, Pathol Lab,Ctr Canc Res, 8800 Rockville Pike,Bldg 29A,Room 2A21, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dj151o@nih.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4-5 BP 197 EP 207 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 837TY UT WOS:000222665000004 PM 15258334 ER PT J AU Springer, DL Auberry, DL Ahram, M Adkins, JN Feldhaus, JM Wahl, JH Wunschel, DS Rodland, KD AF Springer, DL Auberry, DL Ahram, M Adkins, JN Feldhaus, JM Wahl, JH Wunschel, DS Rodland, KD TI Characterization of plasma membrane proteins from ovarian cancer cells using mass spectrometry SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article DE plasma membrane; mass spectrometry; ovarian cancer; glycosylation ID IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; PROTEOME MEASUREMENTS; CDNA MICROARRAY; SEPARATION; GENES AB To determine how the repertoire of plasma membrane proteins change with disease state, specifically related to cancer, several methods for preparation of plasma membrane proteins were evaluated. Cultured cells derived from stage IV ovarian tumors were grown to 90% confluence and harvested in buffer containing CHAPS detergent. This preparation was centrifuged at low speed to remove insoluble cellular debris resulting in a crude homogenate. Glycosylated proteins in the crude homogenate were selectively enriched using lectin affinity chromatography. The crude homogenate and the lectin purified sample were prepared for mass spectrometric evaluation. The general procedure for protein identification began with trypsin digestion of protein fractions followed by separation by reversed phase liquid chromatography that was coupled directly to a conventional tandem mass spectrometer (i.e. LCQ ion trap). Mass and fragmentation data for the peptides were searched against a human proteome data base using the informatics program SEQUEST. Using this procedure 398 proteins were identified with high confidence, including receptors, membrane-associated ligands, proteases, phosphatases, as well as structural and adhesion proteins. Results indicate that lectin chromatography provides a select subset of proteins and that the number and quality of the identifications improve as does the confidence of the protein identifications for this subset. These results represent the first step in development of methods to separate and successfully identify plasma membrane proteins from advanced ovarian cancer cells. Further characterization of plasma membrane proteins will contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying progression of this deadly disease and may lead to new targeted interventions as well as new biomarkers for diagnosis. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Analyt Chem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Springer, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Prot Funct Grp, K4-12, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM David.Springer@pnl.gov RI Wunschel, David/F-3820-2010; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013 OI Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4-5 BP 219 EP 228 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 837TY UT WOS:000222665000006 PM 15258336 ER PT B AU Pratt, ST Bacon, JA Raptis, CA AF Pratt, ST Bacon, JA Raptis, CA BE Guberman, SL TI Vibrational autoionizationtn polyatomic molecules SO DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION OF MOLECULAR IONS WITH ELECTRONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dissociative Recombination of Molecular Ions with Electrons CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Phys Chem ID DOUBLE-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RYDBERG STATE DYNAMICS; QUANTUM DEFECT THEORY; MODE SPECIFICITY; IONIZATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; SERIES; H-3; HCO; H2O C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pratt, ST (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47765-3 PY 2003 BP 309 EP 319 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BY31J UT WOS:000188891600030 ER PT J AU Blaug, S Quinn, R Quong, J Jalickee, S Miller, SS AF Blaug, S Quinn, R Quong, J Jalickee, S Miller, SS TI Retinal pigment epithelial function: a role for CFTR? SO DOCUMENTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Basic and Clinical Aspects of Retinal Function CY FEB 14, 2002 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND DE retinal pigment epithelium; fluid transport; EOG; cystic fibrosis; potassium; Cl channels; ERG C-wave ID TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR; ION-TRANSPORT MECHANISMS; SUBRETINAL SPACE VOLUME; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; LIGHT PEAK; FAST OSCILLATION; FLUID TRANSPORT; CL TRANSPORT; FROG; HYPERPOLARIZATION AB In the vertebrate eye, the photoreceptor outer segments and the apical membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are separated by a small extracellular (subretinal) space whose volume and chemical composition varies in the light and dark. Light onset triggers relatively fast (ms) retinal responses and much slower voltage and resistance changes (s to min) at the apical and basolateral membranes of the RPE. Two of these slow RPE responses, the fast oscillation (FO) and the light peak, are measured clinically as part of the electrooculogram (EOG). Both EOG responses are mediated in part by apical and basolateral membranes proteins that form a pathway for the movement of salt and osmotically obliged fluid across the RPE, from retina to choroid. This transport pathway serves to control the volume and chemical composition of the subretinal and choroidal extracellular spaces. In human fetal RPE, we have identified one of these proteins, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by RT-PCR, immunolocalization, and electrophysiological techniques. Evidence is presented to suggest that the FO component of the EOG is mediated directly or indirectly by CFTR. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Optometry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Zool, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miller, SS (reprint author), NEI, NIH, 31Ctr Dr,Bld 31,6A20, Bethesda, MD 20891 USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-4486 J9 DOC OPHTHALMOL JI Doc. Ophthalmol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 106 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1023/A:1022514031645 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 694KU UT WOS:000183774400008 PM 12675485 ER PT J AU Babich, LP Il'kaev, RI Bakhov, KI Roussel-Dupre, RA AF Babich, LP Il'kaev, RI Bakhov, KI Roussel-Dupre, RA TI Calculation of high-altitude optical phenomena above thunderclouds based on a mechanism with the participation of relativistic electron avalanche SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SPRITES94 AIRCRAFT CAMPAIGN; AIR BREAKDOWN; RED SPRITES; THUNDERSTORM; DISCHARGES; ELVES C1 All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607188, Nizhegorodskaya, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Babich, LP (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Pr Mira 37, Sarov 607188, Nizhegorodskaya, Russia. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1028-334X J9 DOKL EARTH SCI JI Dokl. Earth Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 388 IS 1 BP 106 EP 109 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 646UM UT WOS:000181053500027 ER PT J AU Arinze, EA Schoenau, GJ Sokhansanj, S Adapa, P AF Arinze, EA Schoenau, GJ Sokhansanj, S Adapa, P TI Aerodynamic separation and fractional drying of alfalfa leaves and stems - A review and new concept SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa chops; leaves and stems; high quality pellets and cubes; value-added products; combined aerodynamic separation and drying; rotary drum dryers; new concept ID SIMULATION; PERFORMANCE; QUALITY; DESIGN; DRYERS; DRIER; TIME; DRUM; HAY AB This article examines the state-of-the art on aerodynamic separation and drying of leaves and stems. Relevant aerodynamic and drying characteristics of alfalfa leaves and stems, important in the design and functional performance evaluation of appropriate drying and separation systems, are presented. General features and design parameters of rotary drum dryers are discussed. A new efficient approach to combined drying and separation in a rotary drum dryer is described in which fresh or pre-wilted alfalfa mixture is dried at a moderate temperature, and in the same operation the dry leaf fraction is aerodynamically separated from the stem fraction. Preliminary test data obtained from the dryer indicated that the separated product stream had comparatively high leaf purity, confirming the feasibility of the new approach. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Feedstock Dev Program, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Arinze, EA (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 2003 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1669 EP 1698 DI 10.1081/DRT-120025503 PG 30 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 739HQ UT WOS:000186339400006 ER PT S AU Graham, RH Bickel, DL Hensley, WH AF Graham, RH Bickel, DL Hensley, WH BE Barnes, WL TI The rapid terrain visualization interferometric synthetic aperture radar sensor SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VIII CY AUG 03-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE real-time interferometric synthetic aperture radar AB The Rapid Terrain Visualization interferometric synthetic aperture radar was designed and built at Sandia National Laboratories as part of an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) to "demonstrate the technologies and infrastructure to meet the Army requirement for rapid generation of digital topographic data to support emerging crisis C C, C or contingencies". This sensor is currently being operated by Sandia National Laboratories for the Joint Precision Strike Demonstration (JPSD) Project Office to provide highly accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) for military and civilian customers, both inside and outside of the United States. The sensor achieves better than DTED Level IV position accuracy in near real-time. The system is being flown on a deHavilland DHC-7 Army aircraft. This paper outlines some of the technologies used in the design of the system, discusses the performance, and will discuss operational issues. In addition, we will show results from recent flight tests, including high accuracy maps taken of the San Diego area. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Graham, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5024-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5151 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.506027 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY13A UT WOS:000187838100011 ER PT S AU Martinez, A Doerry, AW Bickel, D Jamshidi, M AF Martinez, A Doerry, AW Bickel, D Jamshidi, M BE Barnes, WL TI Height estimation improvement via baseline calibration for a dualpass, dual-antenna ground mapping IFSAR system SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VIII CY AUG 03-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE IFSAR; two-pass IFSAR; two-antenna IFSAR; improved height estimation; coherent data alignment; antenna baseline estimation; baseline calibration ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADARS; INTERFEROMETRIC RADAR; ACCURACY AB Data collection for interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) mapping systems currently utilize two operation modes. A single-antenna, dual-pass IFSAR operation mode is the first mode in which a platform carrying a single antenna traverses a flight path by the scene of interest twice collecting data. A dual-antenna, single-pass IFSAR operation mode is the second mode where a platform possessing two antennas flies past the scene of interest collecting data. There are advantages and disadvantages associated with both of these data collection modes. The single-antenna, dual-pass IFSAR operation mode possesses an imprecise knowledge of the antenna baseline length but allows for large antenna baseline lengths. This imprecise antenna baseline length knowledge lends itself to inaccurate target height scaling. The dual-antenna, one-pass IFSAR operation mode allows for a precise knowledge of the limited antenna baseline length but this limited baseline length leads to increased target height noise. This paper presents a new, innovative dual-antenna, dual-pass IFSAR operation mode which overcomes the disadvantages of the two current IFSAR operation modes. Improved target height information is now obtained with this new mode by accurately estimating the antenna baseline length between the dual flight passes using the data itself. Consequently, this new IFSAR operation mode possesses the target height scaling accuracies of the dual-antenna, one-pass operation mode and the height-noise performance of the one-antenna, dual-pass operation mode. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martinez, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0529, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5024-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5151 BP 116 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.504632 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY13A UT WOS:000187838100012 ER PT S AU Pope, P Theiler, J AF Pope, P Theiler, J BE Barnes, WL TI Photogrammetric image registration (PIR) of MTI imagery SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VIII CY AUG 03-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB This paper describes the use of photogrammetric principles to georeference imagery collected by the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) satellite. The photogrammetric image registration (PIR) method consists of two main parts. The first part estimates a trajectory (exterior orientation as a function of time) for the sensor based on a photo gram metric bundle adjustment governed by user defined ground control points. The ground control points are defined by manual identification of conjugate points between the LEVEL1B_U imagery and reference data (an orthoimage and a digital elevation model derived from aerial photography). The second part uses this trajectory as input to a direct cyeoreferencin- method to determine the location of each pixel in the imagery. The PIR method uses mathematical models of the sensor, its trajectory, timing, and the terrain to irtimic the actual image acquisition event. It was found that accurate calculation of the exterior orientation parameters was not a requirement to obtain accurately georeferenced imagery. This is particularly intriguing, and deserves more in-depth study, because the values of the exterior orientation parameters solved for through photogrammetric bundle adjustment are known to be in disagreement with the actual motion of the satellite platform. The individual steps of the PIR method, the mathematical models used, and the results of georeferencing MTI imagery through the use of this approach are described. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pope, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5024-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5151 BP 517 EP 530 DI 10.1117/12.505758 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY13A UT WOS:000187838100053 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Lee, KH Wilt, M AF Kim, HJ Lee, KH Wilt, M TI A fast inversion method for interpreting borehole electromagnetic data SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE inversion; LN approximation; electromagnetic fields; borehole; cylindrical symmetry ID TOMOGRAPHY; SMOOTH; MODELS AB A fast and stable inversion scheme has been developed using the localized nonlinear (LN) approximation to analyze electromagnetic fields obtained in a borehole. The medium is assumed to be cylindrically symmetric about the borehole, and to maintain the symmetry a vertical magnetic dipole is used as a source. The efficiency and robustness of an inversion scheme is very much dependent on the proper use of Lagrange multiplier, which is often provided manually to achieve a desired convergence. We utilize an automatic Lagrange multiplier selection scheme, which enhances the utility of the inversion scheme in handling field data. In this selection scheme, the integral equation (IE) method is quite attractive in speed because Green's functions, the most time consuming part in IE methods, are repeatedly re-usable throughout the selection procedure. The inversion scheme using the LN approximation has been tested to show its stability and efficiency using synthetic and field data. The inverted result from the field data is successfully compared with induction logging data measured in the same borehole. C1 Pukyong Natl Univ, Pusan 608737, South Korea. Ernest Orland Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UCRFS, ElectroMagnet Instruments Inc, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, 599-1 Daeyeon 3 Dong, Pusan 608737, South Korea. EM hejkim@pknu.ac.kr NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2003 VL 55 IS 5 BP 249 EP 254 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 696EX UT WOS:000183874600004 ER PT B AU Dale, VH AF Dale, VH BE Dale, VH TI Opportunities for using ecological models for resource management SO ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP US Dept Defense, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, USA, Res Off, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID RISK ASSESSMENT; BIODIVERSITY; COURTROOM C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95493-7 PY 2003 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1007/0-387-21563-8_1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81Q UT WOS:000180116300001 ER PT B AU Dale, VH Rewerts, C Van Winkle, W Harwell, MA Vasievich, M Hodapp, S AF Dale, VH Rewerts, C Van Winkle, W Harwell, MA Vasievich, M Hodapp, S BE Dale, VH TI Barriers to the use of ecological models in decision making SO ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP US Dept Defense, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, USA, Res Off, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID MANAGEMENT C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95493-7 PY 2003 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1007/0-387-21563-8_6 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81Q UT WOS:000180116300006 ER PT B AU Dale, VH AF Dale, VH BE Dale, VH TI New directions in ecological modeling for resource management SO ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP US Dept Defense, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, USA, Res Off, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID FORESTS; LAND C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95493-7 PY 2003 BP 310 EP 320 DI 10.1007/0-387-21563-8_16 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81Q UT WOS:000180116300016 ER PT S AU Henderson, BG Balick, LK Rodger, AP Pope, PA AF Henderson, BG Balick, LK Rodger, AP Pope, PA BE Gao, W Shaw, DR TI Concurrent measurements of directional reflectance and temperature of a wintertime coniferous forest from space SO ECOSYSTEMS' DYNAMICS, AGRICULTURAL REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING, AND SITE-SPECIFIC AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecosystems Dynamics, Agricultural Remote Sensing and Modeling and Site-Specific Agriculture CY AUG 07, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE remote sensing; canopy reflectance; canopy temperature; thermal infrared; forest energy budget ID MULTISPECTRAL THERMAL IMAGER; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CANOPY; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATION; RADIOMETER; MISSION AB We measure directional reflectance and daytime temperature of a wintertime coniferous forest from space using data acquired by the Department of Energy's Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI). The study site is the Howland experimental forest in central Maine. The data include measurements from all seasons over a one-year period from 2001-2002 but with a concentration in late winter and early spring. The results show variation in both reflectance and temperature with direction and season. The reflectance results compare favorably with previous bidirectional measurements performed at the Howland site. Near-nadir reflectance in the visible bands varies periodically over the year with a high in summer and a low in winter. Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance shows dual variation. The canopy reflectance varies as a function of solar and satellite zenith angle, presumably due to a changing proportion of shadows. Furthermore, a NIR pseudo-BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) shows that the canopy brightens in the NIR during fall and winter. Retrieved canopy temperatures are consistently warmer in the off-nadir view by about 2degreesC, with a small seasonal variation. The seasonal canopy temperature trend is well exhibited, and days with snow on the ground are easily distinguished from days with no snow on the ground. The results also show that the retrieved temperatures are consistently warmer than above-canopy air temperature by about 4degreesC. This difference is greater for off-nadir views and also appears to be larger in the spring and summer than in the fall and winter. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henderson, BG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS-2,Mail Stop B-244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5026-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5153 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY23J UT WOS:000188361100003 ER PT S AU Thompson, KG Benicewicz, BC AF Thompson, KG Benicewicz, BC BE Zarras, P StengerSmith, JD Wei, Y TI Corrosion-protective coatings from electroactive polymers SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS FOR CORROSION CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electroactive Polymers for Corrosion Control CY DEC, 2000 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN ID POLYANILINE AB In a research effort involving the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's John F. Kennedy Space Center and the Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory, electroactive polymers were developed as corrosion-protective coatings for metal surfaces. At the Kennedy Space Center, the launch environment consists of marine, severe solar, and intermittent high acid/elevated temperature conditions. Electroactive polymer coatings have been developed which impart corrosion resistance on mild steel surfaces, even when scratches exist in the protective coating. Such coatings appear promising for many commercial applications. (C) 2003 American Chemical Society. C1 NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, NYS Ctr Polymer Synthesis, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Thompson, KG (reprint author), NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3790-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 843 BP 18 EP 33 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Polymer Science GA BW37B UT WOS:000181732300003 ER PT B AU Richardson, TJ Slack, JL AF Richardson, TJ Slack, JL BE Rougier, A Raul, D TI Lithium-based electrochromic mirrors SO ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochromic Materials and Applications held at the 203rd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY APR 27-MAY 02, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE ID SWITCHABLE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; REVERSIBLE ELECTRODEPOSITION; FILMS; BATTERIES; SYSTEM AB Antimony, antimony-copper, and antimony-silver thin films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering on glass substrates. Their reflectance and transmittance in the visible range were measured before and after electrochemical lithiation. The mixed metal films exhibited larger changes in reflectance and small shifts in the optical absorption edge compared with pure antimony films. Electrochromic cycling speed and stability of the Sb-Li system were improved by the addition of copper and silver. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Richardson, TJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-400-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2003 VL 2003 IS 17 BP 208 EP 217 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BAI94 UT WOS:000222478100022 ER PT B AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, WJ BE Marciano, W White, S TI The Muon anomalous magnetic moment: A status report SO ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBES OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Electromagnetic Probes of Fundamental Physics CY OCT 16-21, 2001 CL Erice, ITALY ID HADRONIC CONTRIBUTIONS; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; GAUGE THEORIES AB Recent improvements in the experimental determination and theoretical prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment, a., are discussed. Possible reasons for the difference between experiment and Standard Model theory, Delta alpha(mu) = alpha(exp)(mu) - alpha(SM)(mu), ranging from "New Physics" effects to hadronic loop uncertainties are described. A connection between Delta alpha(mu), and electroweak precision measurements that constrain the Higgs mass is pointed out. An outlook for the future is given. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-566-5 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 2003 VL 22 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1142/9789812704214_0004 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL00 UT WOS:000229800500004 ER PT B AU Klein, SR AF Klein, SR BE Marciano, W White, S TI Electrodynamics at the highest energies SO ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBES OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Electromagnetic Probes of Fundamental Physics CY OCT 16-21, 2001 CL Erice, ITALY ID PAIR PRODUCTION; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; SUPPRESSION AB At very high energies, the bremsstrahlung and pair production cross sections exhibit complex behavior due to the material in which the interactions occur. The cross sections in dense media can be dramatically different than for isolated atoms. This writeup discusses these in-medium effects, emphasizing how the cross section has different energy and target density dependencies in different regimes. Data from SLAC experiment E-146 will be presented to confirm the energy and density scaling. Finally, QCD analogs of the electrodynamics effects will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-566-5 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 2003 VL 22 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1142/9789812704214_0006 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL00 UT WOS:000229800500006 ER PT B AU Thomas, J AF Thomas, J BE Marciano, W White, S TI The RHIC experimental program: Highlights for the First Year of Operation at RHIC SO ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBES OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Electromagnetic Probes of Fundamental Physics CY OCT 16-21, 2001 CL Erice, ITALY ID PLUS AU COLLISIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; MULTIPLICITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENERGIES; TPC C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-566-5 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 2003 VL 22 BP 131 EP 147 DI 10.1142/9789812704214_0014 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL00 UT WOS:000229800500014 ER PT B AU White, SN AF White, SN BE Marciano, W White, S TI Applications of the equivalent photon approximation to heavy ion collisions SO ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBES OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Electromagnetic Probes of Fundamental Physics CY OCT 16-21, 2001 CL Erice, ITALY ID DIFFRACTION DISSOCIATION; SCATTERING; NUCLEI; AU-197; BEAMS; LHC AB Two of the main research tools in High Energy Physics- electron and proton colliders are often described as having complementary roles. But their roles have changed in the last 30 years. For example the term "electron collider physics" connotes a broader topic today than the original purpose- to study the electromagnetic structure of the proton. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) which started operation a year ago will be joined by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2007 with a 30-fold increase in center-of-mass energy. In many respects these instruments are complementary. The heavy ion community anticipates a full program for both machines which focuses on the study hot hadronic matter and search for the quark-gluon plasma. Nevertheless, it is likely that the term "Heavy Ion Collider Physics" will come to include other areas of research as techniques with the colliders evolve- particularly in those areas where the energy increase from RHIC to the LHC are most important. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP White, SN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-566-5 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 2003 VL 22 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1142/9789812704214_0015 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL00 UT WOS:000229800500015 ER PT B AU Zolotorev, M Budker, D AF Zolotorev, M Budker, D BE Marciano, W White, S TI Atomic parity violation in heavy ion colliders SO ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBES OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Electromagnetic Probes of Fundamental Physics CY OCT 16-21, 2001 CL Erice, ITALY ID NONCONSERVATION AB It has long been a dream of atomic physicists to measure PNC in hydrogen (for a review of hydrogen experiments, see (1)), or a hydrogenic system. It appears that recent developments in relativistic ion colliders, high-brightness ion sources, and laser cooling methods of ions in storage rings, may open such a possibility for relatively light (Z similar to 10) hydrogenic ions (2). Due to their simple atomic structure, high precision theoretical calculations can be carried out in these ions. In addition, neutron distribution uncertainties will not present a serious problem in relatively light ions considered here, both because the structure of light nuclei is much better understood than that of the heavy nuclei, and because the electron wavefunction gradient at the nucleus is relatively small for light nuclei. C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zolotorev, M (reprint author), LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-566-5 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 2003 VL 22 BP 159 EP 160 DI 10.1142/9789812704214_0016 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL00 UT WOS:000229800500016 ER PT B AU McCabe, RJ Misra, A Mitchell, TE AF McCabe, RJ Misra, A Mitchell, TE BE Weertman, JR Fine, M Faber, K King, W Liaw, P TI Study of dislocations in copper by weak beam, stereo, and in situ straining TEM SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: ITS ROLE IN MATERIALS SCIENCE: THE MIKE MESHII SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mike Meshii Symposium on Electron Microscopy CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Mech Behav Mat Comm, Japan Inst Met ID ORIENTATION AB Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been an invaluable tool for verifying and developing dislocation theories since the first direct observations of dislocations were made using a TEM in the 1950s. Several useful techniques and technological advancements have been made since, helping further, the advancement of dislocation knowledge. The present paper concerns two studies of dislocations in copper made by coupling several of these techniques, specifically weak beam, in situ straining, and stereo TEM. Stereo-TEM coupled with in situ straining TEM was used for-tracking 3D dislocation motion and interactions in low dislocation density copper foils. A mechanism by which dislocations in a pileup bypass a dislocation node is observed and discussed. Weak beam TEM is used in conjunction with stereo-TEM to analyze the dislocation content of a dense dislocation wall (DDW). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCabe, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,Struct Prop Relat MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-535-2 PY 2003 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BW60E UT WOS:000182544800003 ER PT B AU Merkle, KL AF Merkle, KL BE Weertman, JR Fine, M Faber, K King, W Liaw, P TI Atomic-level studies of grain boundaries SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: ITS ROLE IN MATERIALS SCIENCE: THE MIKE MESHII SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mike Meshii Symposium on Electron Microscopy CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Mech Behav Mat Comm, Japan Inst Met ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; FCC METALS; DISSOCIATION; RESOLUTION AB Grain boundary properties and structure are closely related and ultimately determined at the atomic level. In this paper the atomic-scale structure of grain boundaries is studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM). Recently this technique has also has been applied to in-situ,observations of grain boundary migration. HREM has been essential to our understanding of the atomic-scale nature of high-angle grain boundaries. We demonstrate this via examples from investigations in metals and ceramic oxides. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Merkle, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-535-2 PY 2003 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BW60E UT WOS:000182544800004 ER PT B AU Kumar, M Schuh, CA King, WE AF Kumar, M Schuh, CA King, WE BE Weertman, JR Fine, M Faber, K King, W Liaw, P TI Connectivity in random grain boundary networks SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: ITS ROLE IN MATERIALS SCIENCE: THE MIKE MESHII SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mike Meshii Symposium on Electron Microscopy CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Mech Behav Mat Comm, Japan Inst Met ID CORROSION; POLYCRYSTALS AB Mechanical properties of FCC metals and alloys can be improved by exercising control over the population of grain boundary types in the microstructure. The existing studies also suggest that such properties tend to have percolative mechanisms that depend on the topology of the grain boundary network. With the emergence of SEM-based automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), statistically significant datasets of interface crystallography can be analyzed in a routine manner, giving new insight into the topology and percolative properties of grain boundary networks. In this work, we review advanced analysis techniques for EBSD datasets to quantify microstructures in terms of grain boundary character and triple junction distributions, as well as detailed percolation-theory based cluster analysis. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kumar, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schuh, Christopher/C-7947-2009 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-535-2 PY 2003 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BW60E UT WOS:000182544800006 ER PT B AU Okamoto, PR Heuer, JK Lam, NQ AF Okamoto, PR Heuer, JK Lam, NQ BE Weertman, JR Fine, M Faber, K King, W Liaw, P TI Is segregation-induced grain boundary embrittlement a polymorphous melting process? SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: ITS ROLE IN MATERIALS SCIENCE: THE MIKE MESHII SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mike Meshii Symposium on Electron Microscopy CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, Mech Behav Mat Comm, Japan Inst Met ID NICKEL; IMPLANTATION; TRANSITION; FRACTURE AB Professor Meshii and his students have made a number of important contributions to our understanding of solid-state amorphization and segregation-induced grain boundary embrittlement. The two processes have traditionally been regarded as completely different phenomena belonging to different branches of materials science. However, recent studies on Ni-S alloys have revealed striking similarities in the kinetics of S-implantation-induced amorphization and S-induced grain boundary embrittlement. In the present paper, we examine the underlying thermodynamics and show that both phenomena-can be regarded as a polymorphous melting process. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Okamoto, PR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-535-2 PY 2003 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BW60E UT WOS:000182544800031 ER PT B AU Graham, S Olson, B Wong, C Piekos, E AF Graham, S Olson, B Wong, C Piekos, E BE Lee, R Lall, P Kowalski, GJ Agonafer, D Malshe, AP TI The effects of processing conditions on the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline silicon films SO ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC PACKAGING, ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND PHOTONIC DESIGN AND NANOTECHNOLOGY - 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress CY NOV 15-21, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Fluid Power Syst & Technol Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Elect & Photon Packaging Div, ASME, Mfg Engn Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div ID POLYSILICON C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Graham, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND BN 0-7918-3714-9 PY 2003 BP 455 EP 459 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BAJ32 UT WOS:000222522400060 ER PT J AU Chang, B Lee, B AF Chang, B Lee, B TI A multigrid algorithm for solving the multi-group, anisotropic scattering Boltzmann equation using first-order system least-squares methodology SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Copper Mountain Conference on Multigrid Methods CY APR 01-06, 2001 CL COPPER MOUNTAIN, COLORADO DE Boltzmann transport equation; first-order system least-squares; multigrid method ID FINITE-ELEMENT SOLUTION; TRANSPORT PROBLEMS; DIFFUSIVE REGIMES AB This paper describes a multilevel algorithm for solving the multi-group, anisotropic scattering Boltzmann equation formulated with a first-order system least-squares methodology. A P-n-h finite element discretization is used. The resulting angle discretization of this P-n approach does not exhibit the so-called "ray effects," but this discretization leads to a large coupled system of partial differential equations for the spatial coefficients, and, on scaling the system to achieve better approximation, the system coupling depends strongly on the material parameters. Away from the thick, low absorptive regime, a relatively robust multigrid algorithm for solving these spatial systems will be described. For the thick, low absorptive regime, where an incompressible elasticity-like equation appears, an additive/ multiplicative Schwarz smoother gives substantial multigrid improvement over standard nodal smoothers. Rather than using higher-order or Raviart-Thomas finite element spaces, which lead to complicated implementation, only low-order, conforming finite elements are used. Numerical examples illustrating almost h independent convergence rates and locking-free discretization accuracy will be given. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chang, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808 L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2003 VL 15 BP 132 EP 151 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 680VJ UT WOS:000182999400012 ER PT J AU Bochev, PB Hu, JJ Robinson, AC Tuminaro, RS AF Bochev, PB Hu, JJ Robinson, AC Tuminaro, RS TI Towards robust 3D Z-pinch simulations: Discretization and fast solvers for magnetic diffusion in heterogeneous conductors. SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Copper Mountain Conference on Multigrid Methods CY APR 01-06, 2001 CL COPPER MOUNTAIN, CO DE Maxwell's equations; eddy currents; De Rham complex; finite elements; AMG ID MIXED FINITE-ELEMENTS; LORENTZ GAUGE FORMULATIONS; EDDY CURRENTS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS AB The mathematical model of the Z-pinch is comprised of many interacting components. One of these components is magnetic diffusion in highly heterogeneous media. In this paper we discuss finite element approximations and fast solution algorithms for this component, as represented by the eddy current equations. Our emphasis is on discretizations that match the physics of the magnetic diffusion process in heterogeneous media in order to enable reliable and robust simulations for even relatively coarse grids. We present an approach based on the use of exact sequences of finite element spaces defined with respect to unstructured hexahedral grids. This leads to algorithms that effectively capture the physics of magnetic diffusion. For the efficient solution of the ensuing linear systems, we consider an algebraic multigrid method that appropriately handles the nullspace structure of the discretization matrices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pb-boche@sandia.gov; jhu@sandia.gov; ac-robin@sandia.gov; rstumin@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2003 VL 15 BP 186 EP 210 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 680VJ UT WOS:000182999400015 ER PT J AU He, Y Yeung, ES AF He, Y Yeung, ES TI High-throughput screening of kinase inhibitors by multiplex capillary electrophoresis with UV absorption detection SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Microscale Separation and Analysis CY JAN 17-22, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE kinase inhibitors; multiplex capillary electrophoresis ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; LIGHT CHAIN KINASE; PROTEIN-KINASES; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; ASSAY; PHOSPHATASES; SEPARATION; PEPTIDES AB Protein kinases play a major role in the transformation of cells and are often used as molecular targets for the new generation of anticancer drugs. We present a novel technique for high-throughput screening of inhibitors of protein kinases. The technique involves the use of multiplexed capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the rapid separation of the peptides, phosphopeptides, and various inhibitors. By means of UV detection, diversified pepticles with native amino acid sequences and their phosphorylated counterparts can be directly analyzed without the need for radioactive or fluorescence labeling. The effects of different inhibitors and their IC50 value were determined using three different situations involving the use of a single purified kinase, two purified kinases, and crude cell extracts, respectively. The results suggest that multiplexed CE/UV may prove to be a straightforward and general approach for high-throughput screening of compound libraries to find potent and selective inhibitors of the various protein kinases. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov NR 22 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1002/elps.200390000 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 639NZ UT WOS:000180637300014 PM 12652579 ER PT S AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Anderson, EH Bokor, J Harteneck, B Jackson, K Olynick, D Salmassi, F Baker, S Mirkarimi, P Spiller, E Walton, C O'Connell, D Yan, PY Zhang, GJ AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Anderson, EH Bokor, J Harteneck, B Jackson, K Olynick, D Salmassi, F Baker, S Mirkarimi, P Spiller, E Walton, C O'Connell, D Yan, PY Zhang, GJ BE Engelstad, RL TI Static EUV microexposures using the ETS Set-2 optics SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; synchrotron radiation; microfield printing ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; UNDULATOR RADIATION; AT-WAVELENGTH; X-RAY; SYSTEM AB While interferometry is routinely used for the characterization and alignment of lithographic optics, the ultimate measure of performance for these optical systems is the transfer of an image or pattern into photoresist. Simple yet flexible exposure systems play an important role in this task because they allow complex system-dependent effects to be isolated from the printing results. This enables the most direct lithographic evaluation of the optical system under investigation. To address these issues for commercial-class EUV optics, a synchrotron-based programmable illuminator exposure station has been implemented at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (the Advanced Light Source). As previously presented, this static microfield exposure system has been used to lithographically characterize a 4-mirror optical system designed for the EUV Engineering Test Stand (ETS) prototype stepper. Based on the lithographic characterization, here we present a detailed performance analysis of the 0.1-NA ETS Set-2 optic. Operation of the static printing system with the Set-2 optic yielded approximately 330 exposed wafers, where each wafer contains one or more focus-exposure matrices. A wide variety of parameters were studied including, among others, illumination conditions, resist thickness, and mask tone. Here we present a subset of this data in terms of process-window results. The results demonstrate a depth of focus (DOF) approximately 2 mum for isolated 70-nm line features, 1 mum for nested 70-nm line features, and 0.5 mum for 70-nm contacts on 270-nm pitch. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.490129 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100004 ER PT S AU Ballard, WP Tichenor, DA O'Connell, DJ Bernardez, LJ Lafon, RE Anderson, RJ Leung, AH Williams, K Haney, SJ Perras, Y Jefferson, KL Porter, TL Knight, D Barr, PK Van de Vreugde, JL Campiotti, RH Zimmerman, MD Johnson, TA Klebanoff, LE Grunow, PA Graham, S Buchenauer, DA Replogle, WC Smith, TG Wronosky, JB Darnold, JR Blaedel, KL Chapman, HN Taylor, JS Hale, LC Sommargren, GE Gullikson, EM Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Lee, SH Shields, H St Pierre, RJ Ponti, S AF Ballard, WP Tichenor, DA O'Connell, DJ Bernardez, LJ Lafon, RE Anderson, RJ Leung, AH Williams, K Haney, SJ Perras, Y Jefferson, KL Porter, TL Knight, D Barr, PK Van de Vreugde, JL Campiotti, RH Zimmerman, MD Johnson, TA Klebanoff, LE Grunow, PA Graham, S Buchenauer, DA Replogle, WC Smith, TG Wronosky, JB Darnold, JR Blaedel, KL Chapman, HN Taylor, JS Hale, LC Sommargren, GE Gullikson, EM Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Lee, SH Shields, H St Pierre, RJ Ponti, S BE Engelstad, RL TI System and process learning in a full-field, high-power EUVL alpha tool SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; extreme ultraviolet; lithography; optical fabrication; optical design; laser-produced plasma; laser plasma source; maglev; magnetic levitation; precision engineering ID ENGINEERING TEST STAND; ENVIRONMENTAL DATA; AT-WAVELENGTH; PERFORMANCE AB Full-field imaging with a developmental projection optics box (POB1) was successfully demonstrated in the alpha-tool Engineering Test Stand (ETS) last year. Many improvements in the ETS have been made to prepare for operation as a major component of the Resource Development Center (RDC). These improvements include upgrading the optics with a lower flare, better figure, projection optics box (POB2), developing a more reliable source, implementing lower jitter stages, adding EUV sensors, and installing a more flexible control system. The net result has been improved lithographic performance, with better image quality, improved reliability, improved throughput, and scanned features of 70 nm. This paper reports on ETS system upgrades and the impact on system performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ballard, WP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1117/12.482791 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100005 ER PT S AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Denham, P Rekawa, SB Jackson, K Anderson, EH Liddle, JA Bokor, J AF Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Denham, P Rekawa, SB Jackson, K Anderson, EH Liddle, JA Bokor, J BE Engelstad, RL TI EUV interferometry of the 0.3 NA MET optic SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE interferometry; extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUV; at-wavelength testing; MET ID POINT-DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETER; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; ENGINEERING TEST STAND; AT-WAVELENGTH; VISIBLE-LIGHT; X-RAY; SYSTEM; METROLOGY; ALIGNMENT; ACCURACY AB A new generation of 0.3 numerical aperture prototype EUV optical systems is now being produced to provide ail opportunity for early learning at 20-nm feature size. Achieving diffraction limited performance from these two-mirror, annular projection optics poses a challenge for every aspect of the fabrication process, including final alignment and interferometric qualification. A new phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer will be used at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the measurement and alignment of the MET optic at EUV wavelengths. Using the previous generation of prototype EUV optical systems developed for lithography research, with numerical apertures up to 0.1, EUV interferometers have demonstrated RMS accuracy levels in the 40-70 pm range. Relative to the previous generation of prototype EUV optics. the threefold increase to 0.3 NA in the image-side numerical aperture presents several challenges for the extension of ultra-high-accuracy. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.484735 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100007 ER PT S AU O'Connell, DJ Lee, SH Ballard, WP Tichenor, DA Bernardez, LJ Haney, SJ Johnson, TA Barr, PK Leung, AH Jefferson, KL Replogle, WC Goldsmith, JEM Chapman, HN Naulleau, P Wurm, S Panning, E AF O'Connell, DJ Lee, SH Ballard, WP Tichenor, DA Bernardez, LJ Haney, SJ Johnson, TA Barr, PK Leung, AH Jefferson, KL Replogle, WC Goldsmith, JEM Chapman, HN Naulleau, P Wurm, S Panning, E BE Engelstad, RL TI Lithographic characterization of improved projection optics in the EUVL engineering test stand SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; extreme ultraviolet; lithography; projection optics box; aerial image contrast; flare; laser-produced plasma ID ENVIRONMENTAL DATA; AT-WAVELENGTH; PERFORMANCE AB Static and scanned images of 100-nm dense features using a developmental set of lambda/14 projection optics, POB1, were successfully obtained in the Engineering Test Stand (ETS) with various laser produced plasma (LPP) source powers last year. The ETS with POB1 has been used to understand initial system performance and to provide lithographic learning. Since then, numerous system upgrades have been made to improve ETS lithographic performance to meet or exceed the original design objectives. The most important upgrade has been the replacement of POB1 with an improved projection optics system. POB2. having lower figure error (lambda/20 rms wavefront error) and lower flare. Both projection optics boxes are a four-mirror design with a 0.1 numerical aperture. Scanned 70-nm dense features have been successfully printed using POB2. Aerial image contrast measurements have been made using the resist clearing method. The results are in good agreement to previous POB2 aerial image contrast measurements at the subfield exposure station (SES) at Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory. For smaller features the results deviate from the modeling predictions due to the inherent resolution limit of the resist. The intrinsic flare of POB2 was also characterized. The experimental results were in excellent agreement with modeling predictions. As predicted, the flare in POB2 is less than 20% for 2 mum features, which is two times lower than the flare in POB1. EUV flare is much easier to compensate for than its DUV counterpart due to its greater degree of uniformity and predictability. The lithographic learning obtained from the ETS will be used in the development of EUV High Volume Manufacturing tools. This paper describes the ETS tool setup, both static and scanned, that was required after the installation of POB2. The paper will also describe the lithographic characterization of POB2 in the ETS and compare those results to the lithographic results obtained last year with POB1. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP O'Connell, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.484967 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100009 ER PT S AU Bajt, S Chapman, HN Nguyen, N Alameda, J Robinson, JC Malinowski, M Gullikson, E Aquila, A Tarrio, C Grantham, S AF Bajt, S Chapman, HN Nguyen, N Alameda, J Robinson, JC Malinowski, M Gullikson, E Aquila, A Tarrio, C Grantham, S BE Engelstad, RL TI Design and performance of capping layers for EUV multilayer mirrors SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography; multilayers; optics; capping layer; ruthenium; oxidation resistance; reflectivity ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; ENGINEERING TEST STAND; ENVIRONMENTAL DATA; MO/SI; OPTICS; RADIATION; COATINGS; CONTAMINATION; REFLECTANCE AB The reflectance stability of multilayer coatings for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) in a commercial tool environment is of utmost importance to ensure continuous exposures with minimum maintenance cost. We have made substantial progress in designing the protective capping layer coatings, understanding their performance and estimating their lifetimes based on accelerated electron beam and EUV exposure studies. Our current capping layer coatings have about 40 times longer lifetimes than Si-capped multilayer optics. Nevertheless, the lifetime of current Ru-capped multilayers is too short to satisfy commercial tool requirements and further improvements are essential. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bajt@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 236 EP 248 DI 10.1117/12.484966 PG 13 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100027 ER PT S AU Hau-Riege, SP Barty, A Mirkarimi, PB Stearns, DG Chapman, H Sweeney, D Clift, M Gullikson, E Yi, MS AF Hau-Riege, SP Barty, A Mirkarimi, PB Stearns, DG Chapman, H Sweeney, D Clift, M Gullikson, E Yi, MS BE Engelstad, RL TI Defect repair for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) mask blanks SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; mask blanks; defect repair AB The development of defect-free reticle blanks is an important challenge facing the commercialization of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The basis of an EUVL reticle are mask blanks consisting of a substrate and a reflective Mo/Si multilaver. Defects on the substrate or defects introduced during multilayer deposition can result in critical phase and amplitude defects. Amplitude- or phase-defect repair techniques are being developed with the goal to repair many of these defects. In this paper we discuss the selection of a capping layer for amplitude-defect repair, and report on experimental results of the reflectance variation over the amplitude-defect repair zone for different capping layers. Our results suggest that carbon and silicon carbide are the leading candidates for capping layer materials. We further performed a quantitative assessment of the yield improvement due to defect repair. We found that amplitude- and phase-defect repair have the potential to significantly improve mask blank yield, and that yield can be maximized by increasing the number of Mo/Si bilayers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1117/12.484729 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100036 ER PT S AU Hassanein, A Buttseva, T Brooks, JN Konkashbaev, I Rice, B AF Hassanein, A Buttseva, T Brooks, JN Konkashbaev, I Rice, B BE Engelstad, RL TI Candidate plasma-facing materials for EUV lithography source components SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUV source; plasma-facing components; thermal shock resistance; debris reduction ID DISRUPTION; EROSION; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; SIMULATION AB Material selection and lifetime issues for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography are of critical importance to the success of this technology for commercial applications. This paper reviews current trends in production and use of plasma-facing electrodes. insulators, and wall materials for EUV type sources. Ideal candidate materials should be able to: withstand high thermal shock from the short pulsed plasma: withstand high thermal loads without structural failure: reduce debris generation during discharge, and be machined accurately. We reviewed the literature on current and proposed fusion plasma-facing materials as well as current experience with plasma gun and other simulation devices. Both fusion and EUV source materials involve issues of surface erosion by particle sputtering and heat-induced evaporation/melting. These materials are either bare structural materials or surface coatings. EUV materials can be divided into four categories: wall. electrode. optical, and insulator materials. For electric discharge sources. all four types are required, whereas laser-produced plasma EUV sources do not require electrode and insulator materials. Several types of candidate alloy and other materials and methods of manufacture are recommended for each component of EUV lithography light sources. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 358 EP 369 DI 10.1117/12.484928 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100039 ER PT S AU Grunow, PA Klebanoff, LE Graham, S Haney, SJ Clift, WM AF Grunow, PA Klebanoff, LE Graham, S Haney, SJ Clift, WM BE Engelstad, RL TI Rates and mechanisms of optic contamination in the EUV engineering test stand SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE optics; contamination; erosion; oxidation; EUV; lithography; ETS ID ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AB The EUV Engineering Test Stand (ETS) is a full-field, alpha-class Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) tool that has demonstrated the printing of 70 nm resolution scanned images. The tool employs Mo/Si multilayer-coated optics that reflect EUV radiation (13.4 nm/92.5eV) with similar to67% peak reflectance per optic. For good reflectivity, many (greater than or equal to40) Mo/Si layers must be present. Consequently, processes such as plasma-induced multilayer erosion, which reduces the number of bilayer pairs on plasma-facing optics. need to be understood. In addition. since most materials readily absorb EUV photons, it is important to prevent contamination of mirror surfaces with EUV absorbing material. Contamination can occur by EUV photons or secondary electrons cracking" hydrocarbons or other species adsorbed on the optical surfaces. The first ETS condenser component, referred to as C1, faces the plasma and is coated with Mo/Si multilayers. Data collected from Mo/Si witness plates placed at the C1 position indicate erosion. using the Xe Laser Produced Plasma (LPP) sprayjet of 1 bilayer per similar to15 million shots. In the spray jet studies, erosion was found to depend sensitively on the composition of the residual background environment. Addition of low levels. similar to7 x 10(-7) Torr, of H2O to the 1 mTorr Xe background produced oxidation of the Si cap. and significantly slowed spray jet-induced erosion. Operation of the plasma changed the environment in the Illuminator Chamber from oxidizing to carbonizing, thereby changing the nature of the contamination found environment at the C4 optic which does not view the plasma directly (and therefore does not erode). The change in environment is attributed to plasma-induced outgassing of fluorocarbons in the Illuminator. Due to the non-zero conductance between the Illuminator and Main Chambers, fluorocarbons were also found in the Main Chamber during Xe LPP operation. RGA data are presented that document this effect. In the presence of such outgassing, Carbon deposition rates were measured for the C3, and P.O. Box optics. For C3, a C deposition rate of 3 Angstrom / 10 million shots was found, while for the PO Box, a C deposition rate of 0.02 A / 10 million shots was found from the data. All data was acquired with no attempt to mitigate C deposition with gas-phase additives such as O-2. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Grunow, PA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 418 EP 428 DI 10.1117/12.499359 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100045 ER PT S AU Malinowski, ME Steinhaus, CA Meeker, DE Clift, WM Klebanoff, LE Bajt, S AF Malinowski, ME Steinhaus, CA Meeker, DE Clift, WM Klebanoff, LE Bajt, S BE Engelstad, RL TI Relation between electron- and photon-caused oxidation in EUVL optics SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE multilayer mirror; extreme ultraviolet; electrons; oxidation; photoelectrons; ETS ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; CARBON CONTAMINATION; ENHANCED OXIDATION; SI AB Extreme ultraviolet (EUV)-induced oxidation of silicon-capped, [Mo/Si] multilayer mirrors in the presence of back-round levels of water vapor is recognized as one of the most serious threats to multilayer lifetime since oxidation of the top silicon layer is an irreversible process. The current work directly compares the oxidation on a silicon-capped, [Mo/Si] multilayers caused by EUV photons with the oxidation caused by 1 keV electrons in the presence of the same water vapor environment (21 x 10(-6) Torr). Similar, 4 nm, silicon-capped, [Mo/Si] multilayer mirror samples were exposed to photons (95.3 eV) + water vapor at the ALS, LBNL, and also to a I keV electron bearn + water vapor in separate experimental systems. The results of this work showed that the oxidation produced by similar to muA of e-beam current was found to be equivalent to that produced by similar to1 muA of EUV exposure. These results will help allow the use of 1 keV electrons beams, instead of EUV photons, to perform environmental testin g of multilayers in a low-pressure water environment and to more accurately determine projected mirror lifetimes based on the electron beam exposures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Malinowski, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1117/12.499360 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100046 ER PT S AU Barty, A Goldberg, KA AF Barty, A Goldberg, KA BE Engelstad, RL TI The effects of radiation induced carbon contamination on the performance of an EUV lithographic optic SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH AB Carbon deposition in EUVL is known to occur when optical surfaces in a hydrocarbon environment are exposed to EUV light. Carbon contamination on EUV optical elements affects both the absorption and phase of the reflected light. Because the carbon deposition alters the phase structure of the reflected EUV light it effectively alters the figure of these optics and, thus, the aberrations as well. Absorption by deposited carbon not only reduces throughput but also leads to apodisation of the pupil, which in turn affects imaging performance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barty, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 450 EP 459 DI 10.1117/12.499372 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100048 ER PT S AU Graham, S Steinhaus, C Clift, M Klebanoff, L Bajt, S AF Graham, S Steinhaus, C Clift, M Klebanoff, L Bajt, S BE Engelstad, RL TI Atomic hydrogen cleaning of EUV multilayer optics SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE atomic hydrogen. EUV optics; carbon contamination; reflectivity ID OXYGEN AB Recent studies have been conducted to investigate the use of atomic hydrogen as an in-situ contamination removal method for EUV optics, In these experiments, a commercial source was used to produce atomic hydrogen by thermal dissociation of molecular hydrogen using a hot filament. Samples for these experiments consisted of silicon wafers coated with sputtered carbon, Mo/Si optics with EUV-induced carbon, and bare Si-capped and Ru-B4C-capped Mo/Si optics. Samples were exposed to an atomic hydrogen source at a distance of 200 - 500 mm downstream and angles between 0 - 90 degrees with respect to the source. Carbon removal rates and optic oxidation rates were measured using Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling. In addition, at-wavelength peak reflectance (13.4 nm) was measured using the EUV reflectometer at the Advanced Light Source. Data from these experiments show carbon removal rates up to 20 Angstrom/hr for sputtered carbon and 40 Angstrom/hr for EUV deposited carbon at a distance of 200 rum downstream. The cleaning rate was also observed to be a strong function of distance and angular position. Experiments have also shown that the carbon etch rate can be increased by a factor of 4 by channeling atomic hydrogen through quartz tubes in order to direct the atomic hydrogen to the optic surface. Atomic hydrogen exposures of bare optic samples show a small risk in reflectivity degradation after extended periods. Extended exposures (up to 20 hours) of bare Si-capped Mo/Si optics show a 1.2% loss (absolute) in reflectivity while the Ru-B4C-capped Mo/Si optics show a loss on the order of 0.5%. In order to investigate the source of this reflectivity degradation, optic samples were exposed to atomic deuterium and analyzed using low energy ion scattering direct recoil spectroscopy to determine any reactions of the hydrogen with the multilayer stack. Overall. the results show that the risk of over-etching with atomic hydrogen is much less than previous studies using RF discharge cleaning while providing cleaning rates suitable for EUV lithography operations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Graham, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 460 EP 469 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100049 ER PT S AU Walton, C Kearney, P Folta, J Sweeney, D Mirkarimi, P AF Walton, C Kearney, P Folta, J Sweeney, D Mirkarimi, P BE Engelstad, RL TI Understanding particle defect transport in an ultra-clean sputter coating process SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; EUVL mask; defect; multilayer; coating; particle; particle transport; particle adhesion; modeling ID MASK BLANKS; ION-BEAM; MULTILAYERS; ADHESION; ENERGY; DEPOSITION; SURFACE; SPHERES; CONTACT; BOUNCE AB Low-defect mask blanks remain a key technical challenge to Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL). The mask blank is ion-beam sputter-coated with an 81-layer Mo/Si multilayer stack for high reflectance at lambda = 13.4 nm. The current mask coating process can achieve a median added defect level of 0.05 defects/cm(2) (12 added defects 90nm or larger on a 200mm Si-wafer test substrate), but this must be reduced by about a factor of 10 to meet mask cost requirements for EUVL. To farther reduce the particle defect level, we have studied pathways for particle transport, using test particles and particles native to the coating process, and combined the results into a computational model of particle transport in an ion-beam sputter system. At process pressure, gas drag is negligible for particles above 100nm, so particles travel ballistically until they hit a surface. Bounce from chamber walls allows particles to reach all surfaces in the chamber if they have initial velocities above similar to100m/s. The ion beam has sufficient momentum to entrain slower particles and accelerate them toward the sputter target, where some can bounce to the substrate. The model shows preliminary agreement with experimental defect distributions on witness wafers at various positions within the coating chamber. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Walton, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 470 EP 481 DI 10.1117/12.484970 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100050 ER PT S AU Hassanein, A Sizyuk, V Tolkach, V Morozov, V Rice, B AF Hassanein, A Sizyuk, V Tolkach, V Morozov, V Rice, B BE Engelstad, RL TI HEIGHTS initial simulation of discharge produced plasma hydrodynamics and radiation transport for EUV lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VII CY FEB 25-27, 2003 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE discharge-produced plasma; HEIGHTS-UN; MHD; radiation transport; numerical simulation AB Discharge produced plasma (DPP) devices have been proposed as a light source for ELTV lithography. A key challenge for DPP is achieving sufficient brightness to support the throughput requirements of exposure tools for high-volume manufacturing lithography. To simulate the environment of the EUV source and optimize the output of the source, an integrated model is being developed to describe the hydrodynamic and optical processes that occur in DPP devices. The model includes both plasma evolution and magnetohydrodynamic processes as well as detailed photon radiation transport. The total variation diminishing scheme in the Lax-Friedrich formulation for the description of magnetic compression and diffusion in a cylindrical geometry is used. Several models are being developed for opacity calculations; a collisional radiation equilibrium model, a self-consistent field model with Auger processes, and a non-stationary kinetic model. Radiation transport for both continuum and lines with detailed spectral profiles are taken into account. The developed models are integrated into the HEIGHTS-EUV computer simulation package. Preliminary results of a numerical simulation of xenon gas hydrodynamics and line radiation output are presented for various plasma conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4842-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5037 BP 714 EP 727 DI 10.1117/12.484929 PG 14 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX07B UT WOS:000184179100074 ER PT S AU Kelsey, RL AF Kelsey, RL BE Sisti, AF Trevisani, DA TI An electronic notebook for physical system simulation SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE physical system simulation; electronic notebook; XML-based representation AB A scientist who sets up and runs experiments typically keeps notes of this process in a lab notebook. A scientist who runs computer simulations should be no different. Experiments and simulations both require a set-up process which should be documented along with the results of the experiment or simulation. The documentation is important for knowing and understanding what was attempted, what took place, and how to reproduce it in the future. Modern simulations of physical systems have become more complex due in part to larger computational resources and increased understanding of physical systems. These simulations may be performed by combining the results from multiple computer codes. The machines that these simulations are executed on are often massively parallel/distributed systems. The output result of one of these simulations can be a terabyte of data and can require months of computing. All of these things contribute to the difficulty of keeping a useful record of the process of setting up and executing a simulation for a physical system. An electronic notebook for physical system simulations has been designed to help document the set up and execution process. Much of the documenting is done automatically by the simulation rather than the scientist running the simulation. The simulation knows what codes, data, software libraries, and versions thereof it is drawing together. All of these pieces of information become documented in the electronic notebook. The electronic notebook is designed with and uses the eXtensible Markup Language (XML). XML facilitates the representation, storage, interchange, and further use of the documented information. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelsey, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-8 MS-F645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4951-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5091 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1117/12.486067 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BX58J UT WOS:000185758700037 ER PT S AU Davis, SC Truett, LF AF Davis, SC Truett, LF GP TRB TRB TI Sales and impact of class 2b trucks SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2003: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB Vehicles in the upper portion of the Class 2 weight range [6,000 to 10,000 lb gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)] were identified and examined, and their impact was assessed. Class 2b vehicles (GVWR of 8,500 to 10,000 lb) include pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, and large vans. Oak Ridge National Laboratory researched each individual truck model to determine which models were Class 2b trucks and developed four methodologies to derive sales volumes. Two methods were recommended for producing believable and reliable results. The results of the study indicate that in calendar year 1999, 521,000 Class 2b vehicles (6.4% of sales of all trucks under 10,000 lb) were sold; 82% of Class 2b vehicles sold were pickups, and one-third of Class 2b vehicles sold had diesel engines. In 2000,5.8 million Class 2b vehicles (7.8% of all trucks under 10,000 lb) were on the road; 24% of the Class 2b vehicle population had diesel engines, and Class 2b vehicles accounted for 8% of annual miles traveled by trucks under 10,000 lb and 9% of fuel use. Data on Class 2b vehicles are scarce. As the Tier 2 standards (which apply to passenger vehicles in the 8,500 to 10,000 lb GVWR category) become effective, additional data-not only about emissions, but also about all areas on Class 2b vehicles may become available. At the moment, distinguishing Class 2b vehicles from all Class 2 vehicles is a substantial task that requires individual model data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Davis, SC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 3156, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08575-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1842 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BY18U UT WOS:000188096400001 ER PT S AU Saricks, C Vyas, AD Stodolsky, F Maples, JD AF Saricks, C Vyas, AD Stodolsky, F Maples, JD GP TRB TRB TI Fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks - Potential effect of future technologies for improving energy efficiency and emissions SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2003: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB The results of an analysis of heavy-duty truck (Classes 2b through 8) technologies conducted to support the Energy Information Administration's long-term projections for energy use are summarized. Several technology options that have the potential to improve the fuel economy and emissions characteristics of heavy-duty trucks are included in the analysis. The technologies are grouped as those that enhance fuel economy and those that improve emissions. Each technology's potential impact on the fuel economy of heavy-duty trucks is estimated. A rough cost projection is also presented. The extent of technology penetration is estimated on the basis of truck data analyses and technical judgment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Washington, DC 20024 USA. US DOE, Energy Informat Adm, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Saricks, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08575-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1842 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BY18U UT WOS:000188096400002 ER PT S AU Greene, DL Hopson, JL AF Greene, DL Hopson, JL GP TRB TRB TI Analysis of alternative forms of automotive fuel economy standards for the United States SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2003: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB Nations around the world have used fuel economy standards, voluntary or mandatory, to control greenhouse gas emissions and oil consumption. Although the literature on fuel economy standards is extensive, little attention has been paid to analyzing the efficiency and equity of alternative forms and levels of standards. A mathematical programming model is developed and applied to measuring the effects of alternative fuel economy regulations in terms of economic efficiency and differential impacts on manufacturers in the United States. Fuel economy improvements of 20% to 33% would appear to provide net economic benefits to U.S. consumers. Unfortunately, none of the alternatives tested is clearly more equitable than the others. The uniform percentage increase (UPI) and corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) metrics disadvantage different sets of manufacturers. An industrywide, voluntary fuel economy standard [such as that of the European Union or l'Association des Constructeurs Europeens d'Automobiles (European Car Manufacturers' Association)] has the potential to be most economically efficient and to avoid transfer payments among manufacturers as well. A weight-based metric would be more expensive than CAFE or UPI metrics for the same level of fuel economy increase but might be less likely to restrict manufacturers' future marketing options. The analysis has many limitations that should be addressed in future research. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Tennessee, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08575-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1842 BP 20 EP 28 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BY18U UT WOS:000188096400003 ER PT S AU Leiby, PN Rubin, J AF Leiby, PN Rubin, J GP TRB TRB TI Transitions in light-duty vehicle transportation - Alternative-fuel and hybrid vehicles and learning SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2003: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 12-16, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB New vehicle technologies and alternative fuels are believed to be key factors in increasing energy security, improving air quality, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Proposed legislation (Energy Policy Act of 2003) would extend significant tax credits to fuel-cell vehicles and promote hybrid vehicle use through credits toward other federal requirements (i.e., for alternative fuel use). Analyses using single-period equilibrium models and multiple-period scenario analyses are often used to demonstrate the feasibility of technology to attain policy goals. These analyses typically assume mature markets, large-scale vehicle production, and the widespread availability of alternative fuels at retail stations. These conditions are not currently attained and may or may not be realized in a market economy. The Transitional Alternative Fuels and Vehicles model is used to simulate market outcomes for the use and cost of alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) over a 20-year period, considering possible transitional barriers related to infrastructure needs, production scale, and technological learning. Without subsidies, no substantial penetration by HEVs is projected, based on their prospective fuel efficiency gains and costs. Hybrid subsidies (on the order of $2,000/vehicle) can induce substantial hybrid penetration and gasoline demand displacement under the U.S. Energy Information Administration's 2001 oil price projections. This result is quantitatively different from that achieved for AFVs. Temporary HEV subsidies are effective at inducing hybrid vehicle penetration but do not have long-term effects once they are removed unless costs are reduced due to learning-by-doing. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maine, Margaret Chase Smith Ctr Publ Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Resource Econ & Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Leiby, PN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6205, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-08575-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2003 IS 1842 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BY18U UT WOS:000188096400015 ER PT B AU Jones, JG AF Jones, JG BE Chen, K TI The Yucca Mountain nuclear waste program: Status and environmental impacts SO ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Energy and the Environment CY DEC, 2003 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol, George Washington Univ DE nuclear; spent fuel; environmental impacts AB The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 established the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to develop and manage a Federal system for disposing of all spent nuclear fuel from commercial nuclear reactors and high-level radioactive waste resulting from atomic energy defense activities. The statute provides detailed direction for the scientific, technical, and institutional development of the program. The Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1987 directed DOE to characterize only Yucca Mountain, Nevada, to determine its suitability as a repository site for the disposal of this material. A Final Environmental Impact Statement accompanied the Secretary of Energy's recommendation to the President. In July 2002, President Bush signed into law the official designation of the site to receive spent fuel and high level waste. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Jones, JG (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SHANGHAI SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL LITERATURE PUBL PI SHANGHAI 200031 PA 2 WU KANG ROAD, SHANGHAI 200031, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-5323-7335-5 PY 2003 BP 1780 EP 1784 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BAA59 UT WOS:000221355500325 ER PT B AU Lottes, SA AF Lottes, SA GP ASME TI Computational modeling of industrial scale reactor system components using parallel processing on a networked cluster of computers SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND RESOURCES - 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress CY NOV 15-21, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Fluid Power Syst & Technol Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Elect & Photon Packaging Div, ASME, Mfg Engn Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div ID INJECTION AB Industrial scale reactor system components are frequently characterized by a complex geometry that requires a large number of nodes in a computational grid to resolve significant flow features and by reaction and additional complex physics, such as spray vaporization, that greatly increase the number of partial differential equations (PDEs) to solve. On a fast serial workstation, simulations of these systems can take several days, making use of the model for extensive parametric and optimization studies impractical. A parallel multiphase reacting flow code was developed from a family of related serial codes using the industry standard Message-Passing Interface (MPI) and domain decomposition in the primary flow direction. The parallel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code can now be run on a cluster of networked computers. This capability makes detailed simulation of many industrial reactors feasible without incurring the large increase in cost of moving to simulation on massively parallel computing platforms. The required computers and network are often already present in organizations and idle at night. The parallel CFD code has been applied to studies of transient heat transfer to monolith catalyst substrates and to the design of inlet chambers that evenly distribute a high speed hot air inlet stream over the monolith inlet plane. These studies are part of a program to investigate the feasibility of rapid start fuel reformers. The use of fuel reformers in light duty fuel cell powered vehicles requires a reformer start up time of less than 60 seconds. Parallelization issues and parallel performance are presented with examples of reformer component flow and comparison with experimental data from monolith heat up studies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lottes, SA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-3715-7 PY 2003 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA BAL51 UT WOS:000222683400003 ER PT B AU McKane, A Medaris, B AF McKane, A Medaris, B BE Parasiliti, F Bertoldi, P TI The compressed air challenge: Making a difference for US industry SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN MOTOR DRIVEN SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems CY SEP 18-20, 2002 CL TREVISO, ITALY SP European Commiss JRC, Univ LAquila AB In 1997, the Compressed Air Challenge(R) (CAC) was developed as an outgrowth of the US Department of Energy's (USDOE) Motor Challenge program. The Challenge began as a voluntary collaboration managed by a sponsor, the Energy Center of Wisconsin, that included 15 sponsors from equipment manufacturers and distributors' associations, utilities, state research and development agencies, energy efficiency organizations, and the USDOE. The mission of the CAC is to develop and provide resources that educate industry on the opportunities and benefits attainable through compressed air system optimization. In 2000, the CAC became an independent not-for-profit organization that continues a development and deployment model based on shared interests and shared costs among public, private, and not-for-profit organizations that serve industrial customers. Since the first CAC training session in 1999, approximately 3900 people have been trained by CAC qualified instructors- both end users and suppliers. Using the CAC cost-share model has allowed sponsors to offer a very high-quality training product at a relatively low cost. For instance, USDOE typically spends $1 for each $10 spent to offer a CAC training session. This paper will summarize the findings of two recent independent evaluations were conducted by USDOE to assess the impact of CAC training and the market for compressed air efficiency services. One significant finding is that while approximately 76% of participants in the CAC training took specific actions within the 12-month period following training to improve the efficiency of their compressed air system, less than half of those randomly selected from the untrained population had taken any action at all in the past two years, including fixing leaks. Energy savings from improvements as a direct result of CAC training are conservatively estimated at $12.1 million per year. The market assessment also offers the first documented evidence that the CAC is beginning to have an impact on the compressed air market in promoting and supporting a shift from a component-based to a system-based approach. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McKane, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 3-540-00666-4 PY 2003 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BY48S UT WOS:000189347400007 ER EF