FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Oomi, G Masaoka, D Kagayama, T Kuroda, N Cho, BK Canfield, PC AF Oomi, G Masaoka, D Kagayama, T Kuroda, N Cho, BK Canfield, PC TI Effect of pressure on the superconducting properties of Ho0.5Y0.5Ni2B2C SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE high pressure; superconductivity; borocarbide ID HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; HONI2B2C; TEMPERATURE AB Electrical resistance and lattice constants of Ho0.5Y0.5Ni2B2C have been measured at high pressure in order to clarify the competition between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity. It is found that the superconducting transition temperature and the upper critical fields decrease with increasing pressure. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8108560, Japan. Kumamoto Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Oomi, G (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8108560, Japan. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 2003 VL 388 BP 177 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02715-6 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 686UX UT WOS:000183340300082 ER PT J AU Yoshida, T Zhou, XJ Sasagawa, T Yang, WL Bogdanov, PV Lanzara, A Hussain, Z Mizokawa, T Fujimori, A Eisaki, H Shen, ZX Kakeshita, T Uchida, S AF Yoshida, T Zhou, XJ Sasagawa, T Yang, WL Bogdanov, PV Lanzara, A Hussain, Z Mizokawa, T Fujimori, A Eisaki, H Shen, ZX Kakeshita, T Uchida, S TI ARPES study of lightly doped La2-xSrxCuO4 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE ARPES; mott transition; La2-xSrxCuO4 AB Lightly doped La2-xSrxCuO4 in the so-called "insulating" spin-glass phase has been studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. A quasi-particle (QP) peak crossing the Fermi level has been observed in the node direction of the d-wave superconducting gap, forming an "arc" of Fermi surface consistent with the recently observed metallic transport behavior at high temperatures of lightly doped materials. The spectral weight of the nodal QP smoothly increases with hole doping, corresponding to the n similar to x behavior of the carrier number in the underdoped and lightly doped regions., (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Yoshida, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM teppei@stanford.edu; mori@phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014; Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011; Mizokawa, Takashi/E-3302-2015 OI Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696; Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063; Mizokawa, Takashi/0000-0002-7682-2348 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 2003 VL 388 BP 303 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02457-7 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 686UX UT WOS:000183340300145 ER PT J AU Sasagawa, T Ronning, F Kohsaka, Y Shen, KM Yoshida, T Azuma, M Takano, M Shen, ZX Takagi, H AF Sasagawa, T Ronning, F Kohsaka, Y Shen, KM Yoshida, T Azuma, M Takano, M Shen, ZX Takagi, H TI ARPES study on electronic evolution in Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE ARPES; Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2; electronic evolution; rigid band shift ID LA2-XSRXCUO4; CA2CUO2CL2 AB Electronic evolution from an antiferromagnetic insulator to a high-T-c superconductor is revealed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments on tetragonal Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2 single crystals, which were grown for the first time under high pressures (less than or equal to 5.5 GPa). In an underdoped superconductor (x = 0.1), we found clear fingerprints of the parent magnetic insulator: a shadow band and a large gap-like structure. The results are most likely described by a "chemical potential shift", which contrasts clearly with the "pinned chemical potential" reported for the prototype La2-xSrxCuO4, demonstrating that the route to a high-T-c superconductor is not unique. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Sasagawa, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RI Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; Azuma, Masaki/C-2945-2009; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014 OI Azuma, Masaki/0000-0002-8378-321X; Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 2003 VL 388 BP 307 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02462-0 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 686UX UT WOS:000183340300147 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, N Kan, H Zheng, GQ Kitaoka, Y Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD AF Yamaguchi, N Kan, H Zheng, GQ Kitaoka, Y Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD TI Effect of chemical pressure on the magnetic order in heavy electron system CeRhIn5: In-115 NQR study of CeRh1-xIrxIn5 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE heavy fermion; CeRhIn5; CcIrIn(5); NQR ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CEIRIN5 AB We have studied the chemical-pressure effect on the Neel temperature (T-N) due to the substitution of Ir for Rh in the layered heavy fermion compound CeRhIn5 by nuclear quadrupolar resonance (NQR) technique. We find that T-N increases slightly upon replacing Ir for Rh up to the Ir content of 0.45. This feature resembles that in hydrostatically pressurized CeRhIn5 below 1.0 GPa where T-N shows a similar dependence against pressure. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yamaguchi, N (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. RI Zheng, Guo-qing/B-1524-2011 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 2003 VL 388 BP 543 EP 544 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02733-8 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 686UX UT WOS:000183340300264 ER PT J AU Fisher, RA Bouquet, F Phillips, NE Hundley, MF Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Thompson, JD AF Fisher, RA Bouquet, F Phillips, NE Hundley, MF Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Thompson, JD TI Specific heat of CeRhIn5: pressure-driven transition from antiferromagnetism to heavy-fermion superconductivity SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE specific heat; pressure-driven transition; antiferromagnetism; superconductivity; heavy fermion; CeRhIn5 AB CeRhIn5 is known to show an unusual transition at a critical pressure of similar to15 kbar. Specific-heat data show a gradual change in the zero-field "magnetic" specific-heat anomaly from one typical of antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering at ambient pressure to one more characteristic of a Kondo singlet ground state at 21 kbar. However, at 15 kbar there is a discontinuous change from an AF ground state to a superconducting ground state, and evidence of a weak thermodynamic first-order transition. Above the critical pressure, the low-energy excitations are characteristic of superconductivity with line nodes in the energy gap, and, at intermediate pressures, of extended gaplessness. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Fisher, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 2003 VL 388 BP 547 EP 548 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02364-X PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 686UX UT WOS:000183340300266 ER PT J AU Thompson, JR Ossandon, JG Christen, DK Song, KJ Kim, HJ Krusin-Elbaum, L Sorge, KD Ullmann, JL AF Thompson, JR Ossandon, JG Christen, DK Song, KJ Kim, HJ Krusin-Elbaum, L Sorge, KD Ullmann, JL TI Diminished equilibrium magnetization in Hg-1223 and Tl-2212 superconductors with fission-generated columnar defects SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE equilibrium magnetization; columnar defects; Tl-cuprates; Hg-cuprates ID REVERSIBLE MAGNETIZATION; HEAVY-IONS AB When randomly oriented columnar defects (CDs) are added to Hg-1223 and TI-2212 superconductors, their vortex state equilibrium magnetization M-eq decreases substantially. M-eq progressively deviates from the usual London ln(B) dependence and the curves become S-shaped. Vortex-defect interactions quantitatively account for this behavior. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Talca, Dept Engn Sci, Curico, Chile. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. IBM Corp, Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thompson, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY PY 2003 VL 388 BP 733 EP 734 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)02534-0 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 686UX UT WOS:000183340300357 ER PT J AU Klamut, PW Dabrowski, B Mini, SM Maxwell, M Mais, J Felner, I Asaf, U Ritter, F Shengelaya, A Khasanov, R Savic, IM Keller, H Wisniewski, A Puzniak, R Fita, IM Sulkowski, C Matusiak, M AF Klamut, PW Dabrowski, B Mini, SM Maxwell, M Mais, J Felner, I Asaf, U Ritter, F Shengelaya, A Khasanov, R Savic, IM Keller, H Wisniewski, A Puzniak, R Fita, IM Sulkowski, C Matusiak, M TI On the effect of heterovalent substitutions in ruthenocuprates SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Polish/US Workshop on Superconductivity and Magnetism of Advanced Materials CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL LADEK, POLAND DE ruthenocuprates; magnetic superconductors; muon spin rotation spectroscopy; high-pressure O-2 synthesis ID MUON SPIN ROTATION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SUPERCONDUCTING RUSR2GDCU2O8; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; HIGH-PRESSURE; GD; EU; FERROMAGNETISM; COEXISTENCE; TRANSITIONS AB We discuss the properties of superconducting derivatives of the RuSr2GdCu2O8 (1212-type) ruthenocuprate, for which heterovalent doping has been achieved through partial substitution of Cu ions into the RuO2 planes (Ru1-xSr2GdCu2+xO8-delta, 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.75, T-c(max) = 72 K for x = 0.3-0.4) and Ce ions into the Gd sites (RuSr2Gd1-yCeyCu2O8, 0 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 0.1). The measurements of XANES, thermopower, and magnetization under external pressure reveal an underdoped character of all compounds. Muon spin rotation experiments indicate the presence of magnetic order at low temperatures (T-m = 14-2 K for x = 0.1-0.4). Properties of these two series lead us to the qualitative phase diagram for differently doped 1212-type ruthenocuprates. The difference in temperature of magnetic ordering found for superconducting and non-superconducting RuSr2GdCu2O8 is discussed in the context of the properties of substituted compounds. The high pressure oxygen conditions required for synthesis of Ru1-xSr2RECu2+xO8-delta, have been extended to synthesis of a Ru1-xSr2Eu2-yCeyCu2+xO10-delta series. The Cu --> Ru doping achieved in these phases is found to decrease the temperature for magnetic ordering as well the volume fraction of the magnetic phase. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50950 Wroclaw, Poland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, 218 Faraday Hall, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM klamut@niu.edu RI Fita, Ivan/A-1658-2016; Puzniak, Roman/N-1643-2013; Wisniewski, Andrzej/A-1781-2017; OI Puzniak, Roman/0000-0001-5636-5541; Khasanov, Rustem/0000-0002-4768-5524 NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 387 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00637-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 664JG UT WOS:000182057500007 ER PT J AU Crabtree, GW Welp, U Xiao, ZL Jiang, JS Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Bader, SD Liang, J Chik, H Xu, JM AF Crabtree, GW Welp, U Xiao, ZL Jiang, JS Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Bader, SD Liang, J Chik, H Xu, JM TI Vortices in dense self-assembled hole arrays SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Polish/US Workshop on Superconductivity and Magnetism of Advanced Materials CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL LADEK, POLAND DE anodic aluminum oxide; self-assembled hole pinning array; confined vortices; Little-Parks oscillations ID ARTIFICIAL PINNING CENTERS; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; RESISTIVE TRANSITION; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; VORTEX LATTICE; REGULAR ARRAY; MAGNETIC-FLUX; DOTS; DEPENDENCE; PHASE AB We present a study of the upper critical field and pinning strength measured by the resistivity and magnetization of a Nb film containing a dense array of 45 nm diameter holes on a hexagonal lattice with a spacing of 101 nm. The holes were formed by self-assembly in anodic aluminum oxide using an electrochemical procedure. Confinement effects and Little-Parks oscillations are seen above 6 K, and strong pinning with matching field effects is seen below 6 K. Above the first matching field interstitial vortices coexist with vortices trapped in the hole array. Pinning in the Nb films with dense hole arrays is enhanced by two orders of magnitude over that in continuous Nb films. At low temperature, flux avalanches are observed and imaged using the magneto-optical Faraday effect. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM crabtree@anl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 387 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00640-3 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 664JG UT WOS:000182057500010 ER PT J AU Pickett, WE An, JM Rosner, H Savrasov, SY AF Pickett, WE An, JM Rosner, H Savrasov, SY TI Role of two dimensionality in MgB2 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Polish/US Workshop on Superconductivity and Magnetism of Advanced Materials CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL LADEK, POLAND DE superconductivity; MgB2; two-dimensionality; electron-phonon coupling ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ART.; SCATTERING; ANHARMONICITY; SPECTROSCOPY AB In the theoretical study of the origin of superconductivity in MgB2, the importance of the two dimensionality of the electronic structure has not been clear. Here we use the related system, and predicted superconductor, Li1-xBC to illustrate the importance the two dimensionality of the sigma bands has for (1) the occurrence of high T-c, (2) the possibility of raising the critical temperature, and (3) the lattice instabilities that accompany strong electron-phonon coupling. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM pickett@physics.ucdavis.edu RI Savrasov, Sergey/M-7157-2015 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 387 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00656-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 664JG UT WOS:000182057500026 ER PT J AU Moca, CP Janko, B AF Moca, CP Janko, B TI Theory of strong electron-phonon superconductivity for MgB2 in the framework of two-band model SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Polish/US Workshop on Superconductivity and Magnetism of Advanced Materials CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL LADEK, POLAND DE MgB2; two-band model; Eliashberg theory ID BORON AB Using strong coupling Eliashberg formalism for a two-band model, the superconductivity in MgB2 is analyzed. We calculated the temperature dependence for physical quantities of relevant importance for understanding the superconductivity mechanism in this simple compound. We performed calculations for the order parameter, density of states and spin relaxation. Our theoretical results are in agreement with the experimental data available. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Oradea, Dept Phys, Oradea 3700, Romania. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM mocap@uoradea.ro; ko@nd.edu RI Moca, Catalin Pascu/D-9507-2014 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 387 IS 1-2 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00657-9 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 664JG UT WOS:000182057500027 ER PT J AU Welp, U Rydh, A Karapetrov, G Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW Marcenat, C Paulius, L Klein, T Marcus, J Kim, KHP Jung, CU Lee, HS Kang, B Lee, SI AF Welp, U Rydh, A Karapetrov, G Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW Marcenat, C Paulius, L Klein, T Marcus, J Kim, KHP Jung, CU Lee, HS Kang, B Lee, SI TI Superconducting phase diagram of single crystal MgB2 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Polish/US Workshop on Superconductivity and Magnetism of Advanced Materials CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL LADEK, POLAND DE MgB2; single crystal; upper critical field; surface superconductivity ID UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT; MAGNETIZATION DATA; ART.; ANISOTROPY; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; LUNI2B2C; YNI2B2C; DENSITY AB Using magnetization, transport and single-crystal specific heat measurements we have determined the superconducting phase diagram of MgB2. A zero-temperature in-plane coherence length of 9.4 nm is found. The superconducting anisotropy gamma changes monotonously from a value around 2 near T-c to above 4.5 near 22 K. We present strong evidence for a surface superconducting state for H parallel to c which might account for the wide spread in reported values of the superconducting anisotropy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, NCRICS, Pohang 790784, South Korea. CNRS, Lab Etud Proprietes Solides, F-38042 Grenoble, France. CEA, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, Serv Phys, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RP Welp, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rydh, Andreas/A-7068-2012; Karapetrov, Goran/C-2840-2008 OI Rydh, Andreas/0000-0001-6641-4861; Karapetrov, Goran/0000-0003-1113-0137 NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 387 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)000659-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 664JG UT WOS:000182057500029 ER PT J AU Greene, LH Hentges, P Aubin, H Aprili, M Badica, E Covington, M Pafford, MM Westwood, G Klemperer, WG Jian, S Hinks, DG AF Greene, LH Hentges, P Aubin, H Aprili, M Badica, E Covington, M Pafford, MM Westwood, G Klemperer, WG Jian, S Hinks, DG TI Planar tunneling spectroscopy of high-temperature superconductors: Andreev bound states and broken symmetries SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Polish/US Workshop on Superconductivity and Magnetism of Advanced Materials CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL LADEK, POLAND DE tunneling spectroscopy; Andreev bound states; broken time-reversal symmetry ID HIGH-T-C; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TIME-REVERSAL SYMMETRY; YBA2CU3O7 THIN-FILMS; PAIRING SYMMETRY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SURFACE-STATES; JUNCTIONS; JOSEPHSON; COHERENCE AB Quasiparticle planar tunneling spectroscopy is shown to be a powerful, phase-sensitive spectroscopic tool for the study of unconventional superconductivity. Several familiar and novel junction fabrication techniques on YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (BSCCO) single crystals are used for our systematic studies of the tunneling conductances, which are obtained as a function of crystallographic orientation, applied magnetic field (magnitude and orientation) atomic substitution and surface damage. All these results confirm that the observed zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) is comprised of quasiparticle (QP) Andreev bound states (ABS), which arise from reflection-symmetry breaking at the interface of a superconductor whose superconducting order parameter (OP) exhibits d-wave, or d(x)(-y)(2)(2), symmetry. Consistency in the observation of the splitting of the ZBCP is presented: The splitting of the ZBCP observed in applied field, and the spontaneous splitting observed at lower temperatures in zero field, occur concomitantly in a given junction, and that observation of this splitting is dependent upon the length-scale of the surface disorder and the magnitude of the tunneling cone, phi. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Greene, LH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 387 IS 1-2 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00663-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 664JG UT WOS:000182057500033 ER PT J AU Krusin-Elbaum, L Shibauchi, T Blatter, G Mielke, CH Li, M Maley, MP Kes, PH AF Krusin-Elbaum, L Shibauchi, T Blatter, G Mielke, CH Li, M Maley, MP Kes, PH TI Pseudogap state in overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Polish/US Workshop on Superconductivity and Magnetism of Advanced Materials CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL LADEK, POLAND DE pseudogap; phase diagram; interlayer tunneling; quantum fluctuations ID INTERLAYER TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPIN-GAP; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FLUCTUATIONS; DEPENDENCE; VORTICES; LATTICE; LIQUID; PHASE AB We use interlayer intrinsic tunneling resistivity to probe the pseudogap in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y in magnetic fields up to 60 T. A map of the field-temperature (H-T) diagram of the pseudogap state reveals the pseudogap as a dominant feature up to very high levels of hole doping. The unconventionally large quantum fluctuation regime observed on the overdoped side is consistent with the pseudogap in the vortex cores. Unlike the characteristic fields of the superconducting state, the field that closes the pseudogap at low temperatures is temperature-independent. It is related to the pseudogap temperature T-star through a simple Zeeman energy scale, pointing to the pseudogap controlled by the spin rather than the orbital degrees of freedom. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMF Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ETH Honggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST, STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Krusin-Elbaum, L (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, POB 218,Route 134, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RI Shibauchi, Takasada/B-9349-2008; Mielke, Charles/S-6827-2016 OI Shibauchi, Takasada/0000-0001-5831-4924; Mielke, Charles/0000-0002-2096-5411 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 387 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00664-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 664JG UT WOS:000182057500034 ER PT J AU Cao, G Balicas, L Xin, Y Crow, JE Nelson, CS AF Cao, G Balicas, L Xin, Y Crow, JE Nelson, CS TI Interplay between different degrees of freedom: unusual physical phenomena in Ca3Ru2O7 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Polish/US Workshop on Superconductivity and Magnetism of Advanced Materials CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL LADEK, POLAND DE ruthenates; quantum oscillations; magnetoresistance; single crystal ID TRANSITION; CHARGE; PHASE; METAL; INSULATOR; SYSTEM; STATE AB Ca3Ru2O7, a Mott-like system with a narrow charge gap of 0.1 eV, is characterized by strong coupling between different degrees of freedom and various magnetic and electronic transitions that are abrupt and highly anisotropic. In this paper, we report a host of physical phenomena including: (1) A collapse of the c-axis lattice parameter at a metal-nonmetal transition, T-MI (=48 K), and a rapid increase of T-MI with low uniaxial pressure applied along the c-axis, suggesting that the shortening of the c-axis is critical to the antiferromagnetic nonmetallic state. (2) A 90degrees rotation of the easy-axis for magnetization in the vicinity of T-MI, implying a drastic change in spin-orbit coupling through the lattice degree of freedom. (3) Anomalous angular dependence of magnetization and resistivity, indicating an unusually large anisotropy and a strong spin-charge coupling. (4) Quantum oscillations in the gapped, nonmetallic state for 20 mK < T < 6.5 K; (5) Tunneling colossal magnetoresistance due in part to the magnetic valve-like effect, which yields a precipitate drop in resistivity. (6) Different in-plane anisotropies of colossal magnetoresistance and magnetization, suggesting that the electron scattering mechanism is not entirely driven by spins. It is believed that the unusually strong coupling between lattice, orbital, charge and spin degrees of freedom primarily dictates the exotic ground states. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM cao@uky.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 387 IS 1-2 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00680-4 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 664JG UT WOS:000182057500050 ER PT J AU Han, ZH Budnick, JI Daniel, M Hines, WA Pease, DM Klamut, PW Dabrowski, B Mini, SM Maxwell, M Kimball, CW AF Han, ZH Budnick, JI Daniel, M Hines, WA Pease, DM Klamut, PW Dabrowski, B Mini, SM Maxwell, M Kimball, CW TI Nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetization studies of the ferromagnetic ordering temperature suppression in Ru deficient SrRuO3 SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Polish/US Workshop on Superconductivity and Magnetism of Advanced Materials CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL LADEK, POLAND DE ruthenates; high-pressure O-2; synthesis; NMR; DC magnetization ID SR1-XCAXRUO3 0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1.0; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; NMR; PEROVSKITES AB The synthesis of SrRuO3 under high-pressure oxygen produces a nonstoichiometric form with randomly distributed vacancies on the Ru sites, along with a significantly reduced ferromagnetic ordering temperature. In order to gain additional insight into the suppression of the ferromagnetism, local studies utilizing Ru-99.101 zero-field spin-echo NMR, Ru K-edge XAFS and XANES, along with complimentary magnetization and X-ray diffraction measurements, have been carried out on samples of SrRuO3 annealed at both (ambient) atmospheric pressure and 'high-pressure' oxygen (600 atm). Consistent with previous work, the NMR spectrum for ambient SrRuO3 consists of two well-defined peaks at 64.4 and 72.2 MHz corresponding to the Ru-99 and Ru-101 isotopes, respectively, and a hyperfine field of 329 kG. Although the magnetization measurements show a lower ferromagnetic ordering temperature for the high-pressure oxygen sample (90 K compared to 160 K for the ambient sample), the NMR spectrum shows no significant shift in the two peak frequencies. However, the two peaks exhibit considerable broadening, along with structure on both the low and high frequency sides which is believed to be quadrupolar in origin. Analysis of the Ru K-edge XAFS reveals more disorder in the Ru-O bond for the high-pressure oxygen sample compared to the ambient sample. Furthermore, XANES of Ru K-edge analysis indicates no difference in the valence of Ru between the two samples. The magnetic behavior indicates the existence of some vacancies on the Ru sites for the high-pressure oxygen sample. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Sci Mat, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hines, WA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Han, Zhaohui/A-1118-2007 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 387 IS 1-2 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00681-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 664JG UT WOS:000182057500051 ER PT J AU Dabrowski, B Chmaissem, O Kolesnik, S Mais, J Jorgensen, JD AF Dabrowski, B Chmaissem, O Kolesnik, S Mais, J Jorgensen, JD TI Correlation of magnetic transition temperatures to disorder for atomically arranged perovskites SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Polish/US Workshop on Superconductivity and Magnetism of Advanced Materials CY JUL 14-19, 2002 CL LADEK, POLAND DE manganites; synthesis; structural properties; tolerance factor AB Oxygen contents and the A-O and Mn-O bond lengths have been measured over extended temperature and composition ranges to derive accurate equilibrium interatomic distances for perovskite manganites AMnO(3). By using these parameters instead of tabulated ionic radii we have derived the functional dependence of the tolerance factor t = t(x, T, delta) on composition, temperature, and oxygen content. This functional dependence of t = t(x, T, delta) permits a systematic representation of perovskite phase stability, structural distortions, and magnetic transition temperatures in terms of the tolerance factor. An additional dependence of the properties on local structural and charge disorder on the A-site is demonstrated for the Sr1-xCaxMnO3 and RE0.5Ba0.5MnO3 compounds. These effects also appear to be universal for other perovskites-like compounds; for example, the high temperature superconducting cuprates. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dabrowski, B (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 387 IS 1-2 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00683-X PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 664JG UT WOS:000182057500053 ER PT J AU Konoike, T Iwashita, K Nakano, I Yoshino, H Sasaki, T Nogami, Y Brooks, JS Graf, D Mielke, CH Papavassiliou, GC Murata, K AF Konoike, T Iwashita, K Nakano, I Yoshino, H Sasaki, T Nogami, Y Brooks, JS Graf, D Mielke, CH Papavassiliou, GC Murata, K TI Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and Fermi surface of tau-phase conductors SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE Fermi surface; Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation; X-ray; superstructure AB tau-phase organic quasi-two-dimensional conductors have a 4-fold single Fermi surface (FS) from band calculation. At low temperature, the resistivity turns into semiconducting, whereas Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations (SdH) have been observed. The SdH signal includes two frequencies that are inconsistent with the band calculation. Recently, we found the superstructure of this salt below 245 K by X-ray study. This result may explain the contradiction between observation and calculation for the FS. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Okayama Univ, Dept Phys, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. LANL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. RP Konoike, T (reprint author), Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. RI Sasaki, Takahiko/F-1231-2010; NOGAMI, Yoshio/B-1502-2011 OI Sasaki, Takahiko/0000-0002-0767-5428; NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1-3 BP 188 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)01004-4 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690EJ UT WOS:000183534200086 ER PT J AU Narozhny, B Zala, G Aleiner, I AF Narozhny, B Zala, G Aleiner, I TI A theory of metallic conductivity of the two-dimensional electron gas SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE metal-insulator transition; electron-electron interaction; Friedel oscillation ID SILICON INVERSION-LAYERS; COULOMB INTERACTION AB It is well known that electron-electron interaction in two-dimensional disordered systems leads to logarithmically divergent Altshuler-Aronov corrections to conductivity at low temperatures (Ttau much less than 1; tau is the elastic mean-free time). This work is devoted to the fate of such corrections at intermediate temperatures Ttau > 1. We show that in this (ballistic) regime the temperature dependence of conductivity is still governed by the same physical processes as the Altshuler-Aronov corrections-electron scattering by Friedel oscillations. However, in this regime the correction is linear in temperature; the value and even the sign of the slope depends on the strength of electron-electron interaction (this sign change may be relevant for the "metal-insulator" transition observed recently), (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Narozhny, B (reprint author), Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Condensed Matter Sect, Str Costiera 11, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. OI Narozhny, Boris/0000-0001-7933-2945 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1-3 BP 270 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)01012-3 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690EJ UT WOS:000183534200124 ER PT J AU Bulaevskii, LN Ortiz, G AF Bulaevskii, LN Ortiz, G TI Indirect quantum measurement of a single quantum spin SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE single spin; tunneling; quantum measurement; non-equilibrium AB We establish the conditions to observe a single localized quantum spin 1/2 using a tunneling current of electrons as the probe in an indirect quantum measurement. We show that a strong tunneling current, due to the shot noise, suppresses the spin dynamics, such as the spin precession in an external magnetic field (quantum Zeno effect), while a weak tunneling current preserves the spin precession but the oscillatory component of the current is of the same order as the noise. Within our semi-classical analysis we describe the physical requisites to observe a signature of quantum oscillations in the current-current correlation function. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bulaevskii, LN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1-3 BP 329 EP 330 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)01071-8 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690EJ UT WOS:000183534200151 ER PT J AU Balatsky, A Zhu, JX AF Balatsky, A Zhu, JX TI Quantum nyquist temperature fluctuations SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT23) CY AUG 20-27, 2002 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Cryogen Assoc Japan DE quantum fluctuations; temperature; theromodynamics; nano-scale systems AB Using the Nyquist approach, temperature fluctuations of an object, in thermal contact with a reservoir, are studied. We argue that, upon decreasing the size of the object, one necessarily reaches the quantum regime. The crossover temperature between the classical and quantum regimes is given by T* similar to h/k(B)tau, where tau is the thermal relaxation time of the system. For a nano-scale metallic particle in a good thermal contact with a reservoir, T* can be on a scale of a few Kelvin. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balatsky, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1-3 BP 341 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)01080-9 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690EJ UT WOS:000183534200157 ER PT J AU Tischler, JZ Larson, BC Zschack, P Fleszar, A Eguiluz, AG AF Tischler, JZ Larson, BC Zschack, P Fleszar, A Eguiluz, AG TI Interplay between inelastic X-ray scattering and ab initio density-response calculations: Insight into the electronic correlations in aluminum SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOCAL-FIELD FACTOR; FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; DYNAMICAL RESPONSE; BAND-STRUCTURE; GAS; EXCHANGE; METAL; PERSPECTIVE AB Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) measurements on Al have been analyzed in conjunction with ab initio, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations of the electron-hole excitation spectrum. The dynamical structure factor evaluated with use of the many-body kernel f(xc) obtained within the adiabatic extension of the local-density approximation (ALDA) is shown to be in good agreement with the IXS energy-loss data for energies up to about 20 eV, for momentum transfers up to twice the Fermi wave vector. For larger energy transfers the complex, frequency-dependent f(xc) obtained by Devreese and collaborators via dynamical-exchange decoupling techniques is shown to lead to a description of the IXS data comparable with that of the ALDA. For low energies the ALDA works better, a conclusion with a simple physical interpretation. The analysis of the relative merits of the models for the many-body interactions is made using IXS cross sections that were obtained in absolute units; to this end, a procedure was introduced which is applicable for arbitrary materials, not just for sp-bonded Al. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM bcl@ornl.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 237 IS 1 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1002/pssb.20030177 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677HX UT WOS:000182801800027 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P Trabert, E Chen, H Chen, MH May, MJ Osterheld, AL AF Beiersdorfer, P Trabert, E Chen, H Chen, MH May, MJ Osterheld, AL TI Measurement of the 3s(1/2)-3p(3/2) resonance line in Na-like U81+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROMETER; BEAM ION-TRAP; CU-LIKE IONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; LAMB SHIFT; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; 2S(1/2)-2P(3/2) LEVELS; SELF-ENERGY; TRANSITION; PLATINUM AB The wavelength of the 3s(1/2)-3p(3/2) transition of Na-like U81+ was determined to be 9.499 85+/-0.000 15 Angstrom (1305.12+/-0.02 eV), using the EBIT-I electron beam ion trap. The measurement is many times more sensitive to the radiative contributions from quantum electrodynamics than earlier measurements for Pt67+ and Pb71+. Our result strongly deviates from various predictions employing scaled hydrogenic quantum electrodynamic corrections and establishes a benchmark for multielectron QED calculations that agrees well with the trend established by ab initio calculations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 052103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.052103 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 686AU UT WOS:000183298800018 ER PT J AU Dunford, RW Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L Mokler, PH Stohlker, T AF Dunford, RW Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L Mokler, PH Stohlker, T TI Two-photon decay in gold atoms following photoionization with synchrotron radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INNER-SHELL TRANSITIONS; 2-PHOTON DECAY; ONE-ELECTRON; FORBIDDEN TRANSITIONS; HYDROGENLIKE ATOMS; XENON ATOMS; EMISSION; RATES AB We have measured two-photon decay of single K vacancies in gold atoms following photoionization with synchrotron radiation. Our results for the 2s-->1s and 3d-->1s two-photon transitions determine the rates for two-photon decay when the photons share the transition energy equally and have opening angles near theta=pi/2. These results are compared with nonrelativistic calculations for H-like Au ions and with theoretical and experimental results on lighter atoms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Dunford, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 054501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.054501 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 686AU UT WOS:000183298800108 ER PT J AU Ghose, S Alsing, P Deutsch, IH Bhattacharya, T Habib, S Jacobs, K AF Ghose, S Alsing, P Deutsch, IH Bhattacharya, T Habib, S Jacobs, K TI Recovering classical dynamics from coupled quantum systems through continuous measurement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK-CONTROL; QUASI-PARTICLE; CHAOS; APPROXIMATION; EMERGENCE; MODEL AB We study the role of continuous measurement in the quantum to classical transition for a system with coupled internal (spin) and external (motional) degrees of freedom. Even when the measured motional degree of freedom can be treated classically, entanglement between spin and motion causes strong measurement back action on the quantum spin subsystem so that classical trajectories are not recovered in this mixed quantum-classical regime. The measurement can extract localized quantum trajectories that behave classically only when the internal action also becomes large relative to (h) over bar. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM sghose1@unm.edu RI Jacobs, Kurt/E-7049-2011; Deutsch, Ivan/D-1882-2009; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Jacobs, Kurt/0000-0003-0828-6421; Deutsch, Ivan/0000-0002-1733-5750; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 052102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.052102 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 686AU UT WOS:000183298800017 ER PT J AU Sapirstein, J Pachucki, K Veitia, A Cheng, KT AF Sapirstein, J Pachucki, K Veitia, A Cheng, KT TI Radiative corrections to parity-nonconserving transitions in atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STANDARD MODEL; SELF-ENERGY; LAMB-SHIFT; POTENTIALS; CESIUM AB The matrix element of a bound electron interacting with the nucleus through exchange of a Z boson is studied for the gauge-invariant case of 2s(1/2)-2p(1/2) transitions in hydrogenic ions. The QED radiative correction to the matrix element, which is -alpha/2pi in lowest order, is calculated to all orders in Zalpha using exact propagators. Previous calculations of the first-order binding correction are confirmed both analytically and by fitting the exact function at low Z. Consequences for the interpretation of parity nonconservation in cesium are discussed. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sapirstein, J (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 052110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.67.052110 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 686AU UT WOS:000183298800025 ER PT J AU Bedaque, PF Rupak, G AF Bedaque, PF Rupak, G TI Dilute resonating gases and the third virial coefficient SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; SHORT-RANGE INTERACTIONS; 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; BOSE-GAS; SYSTEM; HELIUM; ATOMS AB We study dilute gases with short-range interactions and large two-body scattering lengths. At temperatures between the condensation temperature and the scale set by the range of the potential there is a high degree of universality. The first two terms in the expansion of thermodynamic functions in powers of the fugacity z, which measures the diluteness of the system, are determined by the scattering length only. The term proportional to z(3) depends only on one new parameter describing the three-body physics. We compute the third term of the expansion and show that, for many values of this new parameter, the z(3) term may be the dominant one. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bedaque, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 17 AR 174513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.174513 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 686AZ UT WOS:000183299400087 ER PT J AU Boettger, JC AF Boettger, JC TI Theoretical extension of the gold pressure calibration standard beyond 3 Mbars SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TRANSITION-METALS; NONHYDROSTATIC COMPRESSION; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; PHASE-TRANSITION; X-RAY; STATE; SOLIDS; EQUATION; SURFACES AB The static-lattice equation of state and structural phase stability of gold have been calculated to 10 Mbar, using two distinct density functional models; the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The fcc structure is predicted to be the most stable phase at zero pressure, transforming to the hcp structure at 3.5 Mbar (LDA) or 4.1 Mbar (GGA), which then remains stable to 10 Mbar. These transition pressures are roughly 50% larger than previous predictions. Once thermal effects are accounted for, the LDA model produces a room temperature isotherm that is in rather good agreement with existing data and that smoothly merges with the existing gold pressure calibration standard near 2 Mbar. The LDA room temperature isotherm should provide a reliable extension of the gold pressure calibration standard up to the fcc-hcp transition pressure, well above 3 Mbar. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 17 AR 174107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.174107 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 686AZ UT WOS:000183299400033 ER PT J AU Cao, G Balicas, L Xin, Y Crow, JE Nelson, CS AF Cao, G Balicas, L Xin, Y Crow, JE Nelson, CS TI Quantum oscillations, colossal magnetoresistance, and the magnetoelastic interaction in bilayered Ca3Ru2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; CHARGE; PHASE; METAL; INSULATOR; SYSTEM; STATE AB We report magnetic and interplane transport properties of Ca3Ru2O7 at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. Ca3Ru2O7 with a bilayered orthorhombic structure is a Mott-like system with a narrow charge gap of 0.1 eV. Of a host of unusual physical phenomena revealed in this study, a few are particularly intriguing: (1) a collapse of the c-axis lattice parameter at a metal-nonmetal transition, T-MI(=48 K), and a rapid increase of T-MI with low uniaxial pressure applied along the c axis; (2) quantum oscillations in the gapped, nonmetallic state for 20 mKl(+)l(-)+ jet +X process in nucleus-nucleus collisions at relativistic energies. The dilepton as well as the jet will pass through the matter produced in such collisions. The recoiling dilepton will carry information about the kinematical features of the jet, and will thus prove to be a very effective tool in isolating in-medium effects such as energy-loss and fragmentation function modifications. We estimate the contributions due to correlated charm and bottom decay, and identify a window where they are small as compared to pairs from the NLO Drell-Yan process. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. RP Srivastava, DK (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 054904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.67.054904 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 687ND UT WOS:000183382500051 ER PT J AU Volya, A Zelevinsky, V AF Volya, A Zelevinsky, V TI Non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian and continuum shell model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INTERFERING DOORWAY STATES; UNSTABLE QUANTUM STATES; UNBOUND LEVELS; OVERLAPPING RESONANCES; SUPERRADIANT STATES; MICROWAVE BILLIARD; GIANT-RESONANCES; S-MATRIX; DYNAMICS; SCATTERING AB The intrinsic dynamics of a system with open decay channels is described by a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian which at the same time allows one to find the external dynamics-reaction cross sections. We discuss ways of incorporating this approach into the shell model context. The approach is capable of describing a multitude of phenomena in a unified way combining physics of structure and reactions. Self-consistency of calculations for a chain of nuclides and threshold energy dependence of the continuum coupling are crucial for the description of loosely bound states. Schematic and realistic examples of open many-body systems where internal configuration mixing is generated by pairing are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Volya, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM volya@anl.gov RI Volya, Alexander/I-9457-2012 OI Volya, Alexander/0000-0002-1765-6466 NR 53 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 054322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.67.054322 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 687ND UT WOS:000183382500039 ER PT J AU Yun, J Kuhn, SE Dodge, GE Forest, TA Taiuti, M Adams, GS Amaryan, MJ Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Asryan, G Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bertozzi, W Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bosted, P Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Brooks, WK Bueltmann, S Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Connelly, J Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, J Sanctis, ED Vita, RD Degtyarenko, PV Demirchyan, RA Denizli, H Dennis, LC Dharmawardane, KV Djalali, C Domingo, J Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Efremenko, YV Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Farhi, L Fatemi, R Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Fissum, K Freyberger, A Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Gavalian, G Gavrilov, VB Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Golovatch, E Gordon, CIO Griffioen, KA Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hancock, D Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Keith, C Kelley, JH Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Leksin, GA Loukachine, K Major, RW Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McNabb, JWC McCarthy, J Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morrow, S Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niczyporuk, B Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Ohandjanyan, MS Opper, A Ossipenko, M Park, K Patois, Y Peterson, GA Philips, S Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Preedom, BM Price, JW Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Rock, S Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabourov, K Salgado, CW Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Shuvalov, SM Simionatto, S Skabelin, A Smith, ES Smith, LC Smith, T Sober, DI Sorrell, L Spraker, M Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Taylor, S Tedeschi, D Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tung, TY Tur, C Vineyard, MF Vlassov, A Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Welsh, R Weygand, DP Whisnant, S Witkowski, M Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z AF Yun, J Kuhn, SE Dodge, GE Forest, TA Taiuti, M Adams, GS Amaryan, MJ Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Asryan, G Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bertozzi, W Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bosted, P Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Brooks, WK Bueltmann, S Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Connelly, J Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, J Sanctis, ED Vita, RD Degtyarenko, PV Demirchyan, RA Denizli, H Dennis, LC Dharmawardane, KV Djalali, C Domingo, J Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Efremenko, YV Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Farhi, L Fatemi, R Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Fissum, K Freyberger, A Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Gavalian, G Gavrilov, VB Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Golovatch, E Gordon, CIO Griffioen, KA Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hancock, D Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Keith, C Kelley, JH Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Leksin, GA Loukachine, K Major, RW Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McNabb, JWC McCarthy, J Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morrow, S Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niczyporuk, B Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Ohandjanyan, MS Opper, A Ossipenko, M Park, K Patois, Y Peterson, GA Philips, S Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Preedom, BM Price, JW Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Rock, S Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabourov, K Salgado, CW Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Shuvalov, SM Simionatto, S Skabelin, A Smith, ES Smith, LC Smith, T Sober, DI Sorrell, L Spraker, M Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Taylor, S Tedeschi, D Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tung, TY Tur, C Vineyard, MF Vlassov, A Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Welsh, R Weygand, DP Whisnant, S Witkowski, M Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z CA CLAS Collaboration TI Measurement of inclusive spin structure functions of the deuteron - art. no. 0452XX SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLARIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRON-PROTON-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1)(N); QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; SUM-RULE CALCULATION; POWER CORRECTIONS; RESONANCE REGION; NEUTRON; NUCLEON AB We report the results of a new measurement of spin structure functions of the deuteron in the region of moderate momentum transfer [Q(2)=0.27-1.3 (GeV/c)(2)] and final hadronic state mass in the nucleon resonance region (W=1.08-2.0 GeV). We scattered a 2.5 GeV polarized continuous electron beam at Jefferson Lab off a dynamically polarized cryogenic solid state target ((ND3)-N-15) and detected the scattered electrons with the CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer. From our data, we extract the longitudinal double spin asymmetry A(parallel toparallel to) and the spin structure function g(1)(d). Our data are generally in reasonable agreement with existing data from SLAC where they overlap, and they represent a substantial improvement in statistical precision. We compare our results with expectations for resonance asymmetries and extrapolated deep inelastic scaling results. Finally, we evaluate the first moment of the structure function g(1)(d) and study its approach to both the deep inelastic limit at large Q(2) and to the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule at the real photon limit (Q(2)-->0). We find that the first moment varies rapidly in the Q(2) range of our experiment and crosses zero at Q(2) between 0.5 and 0.8 (GeV/c)(2), indicating the importance of the Delta resonance at these momentum transfers. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ctr Appl Phys Studies, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl Orsay, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Dept Phys, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12181 USA. Rice Univ, Bonner Lab, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Richmond, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Union Coll, Dept Phys, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Kuhn, SE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM skuhn@odu.edu RI Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Auger, Thierry/L-1073-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; OI Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Hyde, Charles/0000-0001-7282-8120 NR 64 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 055204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.67.055204 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 687ND UT WOS:000183382500056 ER PT J AU Aoki, S Izubuchi, T Kuramashi, Y Taniguchi, Y AF Aoki, S Izubuchi, T Kuramashi, Y Taniguchi, Y TI Perturbative renormalization factors in domain-wall QCD with improved gauge actions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED LATTICE ACTION; YANG-MILLS THEORY; 4-QUARK OPERATORS; CHIRAL FERMIONS; QUARKS; LIMIT AB We evaluate the renormalization factors of the domain-wall fermion system with various improved gauge actions at the one-loop level. The renormalization factors are calculated for the quark wave function, quark mass, bilinear quark operators, and three- and four-quark operators in the modified minimal subtraction ((MS) over bar) scheme with dimensional reduction as well as with the naive dimensional regularization. We also present detailed results in mean field improved perturbation theory. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. RI Ukawa, Akira/A-6549-2011; Kuramashi, Yoshinobu /C-8637-2016 NR 32 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 094502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.094502 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000040 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Raven, G Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ van Bibber, K Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Pulliam, T Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Abe, K Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Meyer, TI Roat, C Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Henderson, R Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Raven, G Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ van Bibber, K Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Pulliam, T Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Abe, K Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Meyer, TI Roat, C Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Henderson, R Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of B-0 -> D-s(*)D+*(-) branching fractions and B-0 -> D-s*D+*(-) polarization with a partial reconstruction technique SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECAYS; MESONS; CHARM AB We present a study of the decays B-0 --> D-s((*)) D*-, using 20.8 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) annihilation data recorded with the BABAR detector. The analysis is conducted with a partial reconstruction technique, in which only the D-s((*)+) and the soft pion from the D*- decay are reconstructed. We measure the branching fractions B(B-0 --> Ds+D*-) = (1.03 +/- 0.14 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.26)% and B(B-0 --> D-s(*+) D*-) = (1.97 +/- 0.15 +/- 0.30+/- 0.49)%, where the first error is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is the error due to the D-s(+) --> phipi(+) branching fraction uncertainty. From the B-0 --> D-s(*+) D*- angular distributions, we measure the fraction of longitudinal polarization Gamma(L)/Gamma = (51.9 +/- 5.0 +/- 2.8)%, which is consistent with theoretical predictions based on factorization. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kernund Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. 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Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Schaffner, Stephen/D-1189-2011 OI Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; NR 11 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 092003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.092003 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000009 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Raven, G Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J 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Bibber, K Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Savvas, N Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, H Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Brau, B Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Yumiceva, FX Weidemann, AW Abe, K Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Meyer, TI Roat, C Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Henderson, R Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Di Lodovico, F Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Raven, G Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ van Bibber, K Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Back, JJ Bellodi, G Dixon, P Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Savvas, N Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, H Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Brau, B Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Campagna, E Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Yumiceva, FX Weidemann, AW Abe, K Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Meyer, TI Roat, C Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Henderson, R Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Di Lodovico, F Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of the B-0 meson lifetime with partial reconstruction of B-0 -> D*(-)pi(+) and B-0 -> D*(-)rho(+) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CP-VIOLATION; INFORMATION AB The neutral B meson lifetime is measured with the data collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring during the years 1999 and 2000, with a total integrated luminosity of 20.7 fb(-1). The decays B-0 --> D*- pi(+) and B-0 --> D*- rho(+) are selected with a partial-reconstruction technique, yielding samples of 6970 6240 and 55206250 signal events, respectively. With these events, the B-0 lifetime is measured to be 1.533 +/-0.034 (stat) +/-0.038 (syst) ps. This measurement serves as a test and validation of procedures required to measure the CP violation parameter sin(2beta+gamma) with partial reconstruction of these modes. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kernund Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Elon Univ, Elon College, NC 27244 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Phys Nucl Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Phys Nucl Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 091101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.091101 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000001 ER PT J AU Beacom, JF Palomares-Ruiz, S AF Beacom, JF Palomares-Ruiz, S TI Neutral-current atmospheric neutrino flux measurement using neutrino-proton elastic scattering in Super-Kamiokande SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR DECAY SIGNATURES; OSCILLATION SOLUTIONS; TAU-APPEARANCE; FORM-FACTOR; RATIO; DETECTOR; ENERGY; EVENTS; MUONS; WEAK AB Recent results show that atmospheric nu(mu) oscillate with deltam(2) similar or equal to 3x10(-3) eV(2) and sin(2)2theta(atm)similar or equal to1, and that conversion into nu(e) is strongly disfavored. The Super-Kamiokande (SK) Collaboration, using a combination of three techniques, reports that their data favor nu(mu) --> nu(tau) over nu(mu) --> nu(sterile). This distinction is extremely important for both four-neutrino models and cosmology. We propose that neutrino-proton elastic scattering (nu+p --> nu+p) in water Cerenkov detectors can also distinguish between active and sterile oscillations. This was not previously recognized as a useful channel since only about 2% of struck protons are above the Cerenkov threshold. Nevertheless, in the present SK data there should be about 40 identifiable events. We show that these events have unique particle identification characteristics, point in the direction of the incoming neutrinos, and correspond to a narrow range of neutrino energies (1-3 GeV, oscillating near the horizon). This channel will be particularly important in Hyper-Kamiokande, with similar to40 times higher rate. Our results have other important applications. First, for a similarly small fraction of atmospheric neutrino quasielastic events, the proton is relativistic. This uniquely selects nu(mu) (not (nu) over bar (mu)) events, useful for understanding matter effects, and allows determination of the neutrino energy and direction, useful for the L/E dependence of oscillations. Second, using accelerator neutrinos, both elastic and quasielastic events with relativistic protons can be seen in the K2K 1-kton near detector and MiniBooNE. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM beacom@fnal.gov; Sergio.Palomares@uv.es RI Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio/K-8048-2014; OI Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio/0000-0001-9049-2288; Beacom, John/0000-0002-0005-2631 NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 093001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.093001 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000011 ER PT J AU Birkedal-Hansen, A Nelson, BD AF Birkedal-Hansen, A Nelson, BD TI Relic neutralino densities and detection rates with nonuniversal gaugino masses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID SUPERSYMMETRIC DARK-MATTER; ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; FOCUS POINT SUPERSYMMETRY; MSSM PARAMETER SPACE; HIGGS-BOSON; SUPERGRAVITY; MODELS; MUON; CONSTRAINTS; UNIFICATION AB We extend previous analyses of the interplay between nonuniversalities in the gaugino mass sector and the thermal relic densities of LSP neutralinos, in particular to the case of moderate to large tan beta. We introduce a set of parameters that generalizes the standard unified scenario to cover the complete allowed parameter space in the gaugino mass sector. We discuss the physical significance of the cosmologically preferred degree of degeneracy between charginos and the LSP and study the effect this degree of degeneracy has on the prospects for direct detection of relic neutralinos in the next round of dark matter detection experiments. Last, we compare the fine-tuning required to achieve a satisfactory relic density with the case of universal gaugino masses, as in minimal supergravity, and find it to be of a similar magnitude. The sensitivity of quantifiable measures of fine-tuning on such factors as the gluino mass and top and bottom masses is also examined. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Birkedal-Hansen, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 76 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 095006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.095006 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000047 ER PT J AU Bosch, SW Hill, RJ Lange, BO Neubert, M AF Bosch, SW Hill, RJ Lange, BO Neubert, M TI Factorization and Sudakov resummation in leptonic radiative B decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY; MESON FORM-FACTORS; QCD FACTORIZATION; ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSIONS; FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS; LEADING ORDER; WILSON LOOPS; HEAVY-QUARK; OPERATORS AB Soft-collinear effective theory is used to prove factorization of the B-->gamma/nu decay amplitude at leading power in Lambda/m(b), including a demonstration of the absence of nonvalence Fock states and of the finiteness of the convolution integral in the factorization formula. Large logarithms entering the hard-scattering kernel are resummed by performing a two-step perturbative matching onto the low-energy effective theory, and by solving evolution equations derived from the renormalization properties of the leading-order B-meson light-cone distribution amplitude. As a by-product, the evolution equation for heavy-collinear current operators in soft-collinear effective theory is derived. C1 Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Hill, Richard/C-8820-2017 OI Hill, Richard/0000-0003-1982-589X NR 29 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 094014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.094014 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000030 ER PT J AU Brisudova, MM Burakovsky, L Goldman, T Szczepaniak, A AF Brisudova, MM Burakovsky, L Goldman, T Szczepaniak, A TI Nonlinear Regge trajectories and glueballs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE QCD; SPECTRUM; MESONS AB We apply a phenomenological approach based on nonlinear Regge trajectories to glueball states. The parameters, i.e., the intercept and threshold, or trajectory termination point beyond which no bound states should exist, are determined from Pomeron (scattering) data. The systematic errors inherent to the approach are discussed. We then predict the masses of the glueballs on the tensor trajectory. For comparison, the approach is applied to available quenched lattice data. We find a discrepancy between the lattice-based thresholds and the Pomeron threshold that we extract from data. C1 Indiana Univ, Ctr Nucl Theory, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Indiana Univ, Ctr Nucl Theory, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. EM martina_brisudova@mentor.com; burakov@lanl.gov; tgoldman@lanl.gov; aszczepa@indiana.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 094016 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.094016 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000032 ER PT J AU Campbell, J Ellis, RK Maltoni, F Willenbrock, S AF Campbell, J Ellis, RK Maltoni, F Willenbrock, S TI Higgs-boson production in association with a single bottom quark SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING ORDER; HADRON COLLIDERS; HEAVY-QUARK; FERMILAB TEVATRON; HELICITY AMPLITUDES; PERTURBATION-THEORY; CROSS-SECTIONS; FINAL-STATES; POLE MASS; QCD AB Higgs bosons from an extended Higgs sector, such as a two-Higgs-doublet model, can have greatly enhanced coupling to the bottom quark. Producing such a Higgs boson in association with a single high-p(T) bottom quark via gb-->hb allows for the suppression of backgrounds. Previous studies have instead used gg, q (q) over bar -->b (b) over barh as the production mechanism, which is valid only if both b quarks are at high p(T). We calculate gb-->hb at next-to-leading order in QCD, and find that it is an order of magnitude larger than gg, q (q) over bar -->b (b) over barh at the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This production mechanism improves the prospects for the discovery of a Higgs boson with enhanced coupling to the b quark. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Campbell, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 42 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 095002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.095002 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000043 ER PT J AU Carena, M Ponton, E Tait, TMP Wagner, CEM AF Carena, M Ponton, E Tait, TMP Wagner, CEM TI Opaque branes in warped backgrounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RANDALL-SUNDRUM MODEL; DE-SITTER SPACE; STANDARD MODEL; ELECTROWEAK PHYSICS; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; HIERARCHY; MILLIMETER; GRAVITY; FIELD AB We examine localized kinetic terms for gauge fields which can propagate into compact, warped extra dimensions. We show that these terms can have a relevant impact on the values of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) gauge field masses, wave functions, and couplings to brane and bulk matter. The resulting phenomenological implications are discussed. In particular, we show that the presence of opaque branes, with nonvanishing brane-localized gauge kinetic terms, allow much lower values of the lightest KK mode than in the case of transparent branes. Moreover, we show that if the large discrepancies among the different determinations of the weak mixing angle would be solved in favor of the value obtained from the lepton asymmetries, bulk electroweak gauge fields in warped-extra dimensions may lead to an improvement of the agreement of the fit to the electroweak precision data for a Higgs boson mass of the order of the weak scale and a mass of the first KK gauge boson excitation of a few TeV, most likely within reach of the CERN LHC. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Ponton, Eduardo/I-4125-2013 OI Ponton, Eduardo/0000-0003-3138-1136 NR 34 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 096006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.096006 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000060 ER PT J AU Maltoni, F Sullivan, Z Willenbrock, S AF Maltoni, F Sullivan, Z Willenbrock, S TI Higgs-boson production via bottom-quark fusion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING ORDER; FERMILAB TEVATRON; HADRON COLLIDERS; HEAVY QUARKS; MINIMAL SUPERSYMMETRY; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; QCD CORRECTIONS; FINAL-STATES; MUON PAIRS; LHC AB Higgs bosons with enhanced coupling to bottom quarks are copiously produced at hadron colliders via b (b) over bar --> h, where the initial b quarks reside in the proton sea. We reexamine the calculation of the next-to-leading-order cross section for this process and argue that the appropriate factorization scale for the b distribution functions is approximately m(h)/4, rather than m(h), as had been previously assumed. This greatly improves the convergence of the perturbation series, and yields a result with mild factorization-scale dependence. We also show that the leading-order calculation of gg --> b (b) over barh, integrated over the momenta of the final-state particles, is very sensitive to the factorization and renormalization scales. For scales of order m(h)/4 the gg --> b (b) over barh cross section is comparable to that of b (b) over bar --> h, in contrast with the order-of-magnitude discrepancy between these two calculations for the scale m(h). The result we obtain improves the prospects for Higgs-boson discovery at hadron colliders for large values of tan beta. C1 Ctr Studi & Ric Enrico Fermi, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Maltoni, F (reprint author), Univ Rome, Dipartimento Fis, Via Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy. NR 40 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 093005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.093005 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000015 ER PT J AU Martin, SP AF Martin, SP TI Complete two-loop effective potential approximation to the lightest Higgs scalar boson mass in supersymmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EXPLICIT CP VIOLATION; STANDARD MODEL; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; MSSM; REGULARIZATION; SECTOR AB I present a method for accurately calculating the pole mass of the lightest Higgs scalar boson in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model, using a mass-independent renormalization scheme. The Higgs scalar self-energies are approximated by supplementing the exact one-loop results with the second derivatives of the complete two-loop effective potential in Landau gauge. I discuss the dependence of this approximation on the choice of renormalization scale, and note the existence of particularly poor choices, which fortunately can be easily identified and avoided. For typical input parameters, the variation in the calculated Higgs boson mass over a wide range of renormalization scales is found to be of the order of a few hundred MeV or less, and is significantly improved over previous approximations. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Martin, SP (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 28 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 095012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.095012 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000053 ER PT J AU Osborne, JA Wang, E Wang, XN AF Osborne, JA Wang, E Wang, XN TI Evolution of parton fragmentation functions at finite temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QCD; ENVIRONMENT; SCATTERING; EXPANSION; OPACITY; PHOTON AB The first order correction to the parton fragmentation functions in a thermal medium is derived in the leading logarithmic approximation in the framework of thermal field theory. The medium-modified evolution equations of the parton fragmentation functions are also derived. It is shown that all infrared divergences, both linear and logarithmic, in the real processes are canceled among themselves and by corresponding virtual corrections. The evolution of the quark number and the energy loss (or gain) induced by the thermal medium are investigated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. RP Osborne, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 094022 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.094022 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000038 ER PT J AU Osipenko, M Ricco, G Taiuti, M Ripani, M Simula, S Adams, G Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bosted, P Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Burkert, VD Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cazes, A Cetina, C Ciciani, L Clark, R Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L De Vita, R Dharmawardane, KV Djalali, C Dodge, GE Domingo, JJ Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Griffioen, K Golovatch, E Gordon, CIO Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ishkhanov, BS Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, DH Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, MS Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Lukashin, K Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McCarthy, J McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morand, L Morrow, SA Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Opper, AK Park, K Paschke, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, LC Sober, DI Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z AF Osipenko, M Ricco, G Taiuti, M Ripani, M Simula, S Adams, G Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bosted, P Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Burkert, VD Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cazes, A Cetina, C Ciciani, L Clark, R Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L De Vita, R Dharmawardane, KV Djalali, C Dodge, GE Domingo, JJ Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Griffioen, K Golovatch, E Gordon, CIO Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ishkhanov, BS Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, DH Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, MS Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Lukashin, K Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McCarthy, J McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morand, L Morrow, SA Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Opper, AK Park, K Paschke, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, LC Sober, DI Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z CA CLAS Collaboration TI Kinematically complete measurement of the proton structure function F-2 in the resonance region and evaluation of its moments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; INELASTIC STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; QUARK-HADRON DUALITY; LARGE BJORKEN-X; ELECTRON-PROTON; MUON SCATTERING; HIGHER TWISTS; POWER CORRECTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS AB We measured the inclusive electron-proton cross section in the nucleon resonance region (W <2.5 GeV) at momentum transfers Q(2) below 4.5 (GeV/c)(2) with the CLAS detector. The large acceptance of CLAS allowed the measurement of the cross section in a large, contiguous two-dimensional range of Q(2) and x, making it possible to perform an integration of the data at fixed Q(2) over the significant x interval. From these data we extracted the structure function F-2 and, by including other world data, we studied the Q(2) evolution of its moments, M-n(Q(2)), in order to estimate higher twist contributions. The small statistical and systematic uncertainties of the CLAS data allow a precise extraction of the higher twists and will require significant improvements in theoretical predictions if a meaningful comparison with these new experimental results is to be made. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 11992, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Roma 3, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Inst Phys Nucl Orsay, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Osipenko, M (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 11992, Russia. RI Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Ishkhanov, Boris/E-1431-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Auger, Thierry/L-1073-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014 OI Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973 NR 74 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 9 AR 092001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.092001 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 686GL UT WOS:000183313000007 ER PT J AU Bahl, M Panoiu, NC Osgood, RM AF Bahl, M Panoiu, NC Osgood, RM TI Nonlinear optical effects in a two-dimensional photonic crystal containing one-dimensional Kerr defects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC LOCALIZED MODES; BAND-GAP MATERIALS; WAVE-GUIDES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; HIGH TRANSMISSION; FARADAY-ROTATION; ENHANCEMENT; BENDS; MICROCAVITIES; REFLECTIVITY AB The nonlinear optical effects induced by a one-dimensional (1D) line defect, made of Kerr material, in a 2D photonic crystal are studied. Comprehensive ab initio numerical simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain method show efficient third-harmonic generation in a photonic crystal waveguide consisting of the 1D defect line. The relationship between the third harmonic generation process and the nonlinear modal properties of the waveguide is discussed. We investigate optical limiting in such a device, that is, control of the transmitted power as a function of the Kerr-induced variation of the refractive index. Power dependent spectral changes in such a device and its use as a frequency selector are also examined. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bahl, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM mayank.bahl@columbia.edu RI Panoiu, Nicolae-Coriolan/G-1256-2014 OI Panoiu, Nicolae-Coriolan/0000-0001-5666-2116 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 056604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.056604 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 689GC UT WOS:000183482400084 PM 12786293 ER PT J AU Dobrovitski, VV De Raedt, HA AF Dobrovitski, VV De Raedt, HA TI Efficient scheme for numerical simulations of the spin-bath decoherence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; SPECTRAL METHODS; TIME; SYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENT; DYNAMICS; EMERGENCE AB We demonstrate that the Chebyshev expansion method is a very efficient numerical tool for studying spin-bath decoherence of quantum systems. We consider two typical problems arising in studying decoherence of quantum systems consisting of a few coupled spins: (i) determining the pointer states of the system and (ii) determining the temporal decay of quantum oscillations. As our results demonstrate, for determining the pointer states, the Chebyshev-based scheme is at least a factor of 8 faster than existing algorithms based on the Suzuki-Trotter decomposition. For problems of the second type, the Chebyshev-based approach is 3-4 times faster than the Suzuki-Trotter-based schemes. This conclusion holds qualitatively for a wide spectrum of systems, with different spin baths and different Hamiltonians. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, Dept Appl Phys Computat Phys, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RP Dobrovitski, VV (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 33 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 056702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.056702 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 689GC UT WOS:000183482400108 PM 12786317 ER PT J AU Ferer, M Bromhal, GS Smith, DH AF Ferer, M Bromhal, GS Smith, DH TI Pore-level modeling of drainage: Crossover from invasion percolation fingering to compact flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL POROUS-MEDIA; FINITE VISCOSITY RATIO; 2-PHASE FLOW; IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT; VISCOUS FINGERS; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; DIFFUSION AB A pore-level model of drainage, which has been quantitatively validated, is used to study the effect of increased injection rate (i.e., increased capillary number) upon the flow, with matched-viscosity fluids. For small enough capillary number, the flows from the model correctly reproduce the flows from the invasion percolation with trapping (IPWT) model. As the capillary number is increased, the early-time flows mimic those of the IPWT-model, but then deviate towards compact flow at a characteristic time that decreases as the capillary number increases. That is, the larger the capillary number, the sooner the flow crosses over from IPWT flows towards compact (linear) flows. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ferer, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 051601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.051601 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 689GA UT WOS:000183482200039 PM 12786157 ER PT J AU Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Jankowska, E Hammarsten, EC Kanizay, K Marconi, MC Moon, SJ Shlyaptsev, VN AF Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Jankowska, E Hammarsten, EC Kanizay, K Marconi, MC Moon, SJ Shlyaptsev, VN TI Two-dimensional effects in laser-created plasmas measured with soft-x-ray laser interferometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ION GENERATION AB Soft-x-ray laser interferograms of laser-created plasmas generated at moderate irradiation intensities (1x10(11)-7x10(12) W cm(-2)) with lambda=1.06 mum light pulses of similar to13-ns-FWHM (full width at half maximum) duration and narrow focus (similar to30 mum) reveal the unexpected formation of an inverted density profile with a density minimum on axis and distinct plasma sidelobes. Model simulations show that this strong two-dimensional hydrodynamic behavior is essentially a universal phenomena that is the result of plasma radiation induced mass ablation and cooling in the areas surrounding the focal spot. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Wroclaw, Dept Phys, PL-50138 Wroclaw, Poland. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Phys, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 056409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.056409 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 689GC UT WOS:000183482400080 PM 12786289 ER PT J AU Hudock, J Kevrekidis, PG Malomed, BA Christodoulides, DN AF Hudock, J Kevrekidis, PG Malomed, BA Christodoulides, DN TI Discrete vector solitons in two-dimensional nonlinear waveguide arrays: Solutions, stability, and dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; SELF-TRAPPING EQUATION; OSCILLATORY INSTABILITIES; LOCALIZED MODES; SCHRODINGER-EQUATIONS; MULTIMODE SOLITONS; SPATIAL SOLITONS; OPTICAL SOLITONS; GAP SOLITONS; GROUND-STATE AB We identify and investigate bimodal (vector) solitons in models of square-lattice arrays of nonlinear optical waveguides. These vector self-localized states are, in fact, self-induced channels in a nonlinear photonic-crystal matrix. Such two-dimensional discrete vector solitons are possible in waveguide arrays in which each element carries two light beams that are either orthogonally polarized or have different carrier wavelengths. Estimates of the physical parameters necessary to support such soliton solutions in waveguide arrays are given. Using Newton relaxation methods, we obtain stationary vector-soliton solutions, and examine their stability through the computation of linearized eigenvalues for small perturbations. Our results may also be applicable to other systems such as two-component Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a two-dimensional optical lattice. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Interdisciplinary Studies, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Hudock, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 76 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 056618 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.056618 PN 2 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 689GC UT WOS:000183482400098 PM 12786307 ER PT J AU Ramshaw, JD Amendt, PA AF Ramshaw, JD Amendt, PA TI Linearized stability analysis of accelerated planar and spherical fluid interfaces with slow compression SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB We present linearized stability analyses of the effect of slow anisotropic compression or expansion on the growth of perturbations at accelerated fluid interfaces in both planar and spherical geometries. The interface separates two fluids with different densities, compressibilities, and compression rates. We show that a perturbation of large mode number on a spherical interface grows at precisely the same rate as a similar perturbation on a planar interface subjected to the same normal and transverse compression rates. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-097, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 056304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.056304 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 689GC UT WOS:000183482400060 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS Li, N Zhang, BZ AF Zhang, JS Li, N Zhang, BZ TI Flow in a rotating curved circular pipe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE HEAT-TRANSFER; LAMINAR-FLOW; FLUID-FLOW; DUCT; BIFURCATION; CHANNELS AB The flow in a rotating curved pipe with circular cross section is investigated theoretically and numerically. A perturbation solution up to the second order is obtained. A numerical procedure is used to solve the full governing equations and the simplified governing equations in the small curvature limit. Comparisons are made between the numerical and perturbation results, elucidating the lost information due to simplification and the valid range of the perturbation solution. The flow characteristics, including the secondary flow, the axial flow, and the friction factor ratio, are examined in detail. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mech, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM izhang@cnls.lanl.gov RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 056303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.056303 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 689GC UT WOS:000183482400059 PM 12786268 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Robey, HF Buckingham, AC AF Zhou, Y Robey, HF Buckingham, AC TI Onset of turbulence in accelerated high-Reynolds-number flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; ENERGY-TRANSFER; VARIABLE ACCELERATION; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; MODEL; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION AB A new criterion, flow drive time, is identified here as a necessary condition for transition to turbulence in accelerated, unsteady flows. Compressible, high-Reynolds-number flows initiated, for example, in shock tubes, supersonic wind tunnels with practical limitations on dimensions or reservoir capacity, and high energy density pulsed laser target vaporization experimental facilities may not provide flow duration adequate for turbulence development. In addition, for critical periods of the overall flow development, the driving background flow is often unsteady in the experiments as well as in the physical flow situations they are designed to mimic. In these situations transition to fully developed turbulence may not be realized despite achievement of flow Reynolds numbers associated with or exceeding stationary flow transitional criteria. Basically our transitional criterion and prediction procedure extends to accelerated, unsteady background flow situations the remarkably universal mixing transition criterion proposed by Dimotakis [P. E. Dimotakis, J. Fluid Mech. 409, 69 (2000)] for stationary flows. This provides a basis for the requisite space and time scaling. The emphasis here is placed on variable density flow instabilities initiated by constant acceleration Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) or impulsive (shock) acceleration Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) or combinations of both. The significant influences of compressibility on these developing transitional flows are discussed with their implications on the procedural model development. A fresh perspective for predictive modeling and design of experiments for the instability growth and turbulent mixing transitional interval is provided using an analogy between the well-established buoyancy-drag model with applications of a hierarchy of single point turbulent transport closure models. Experimental comparisons with the procedural results are presented where use is made of three distinctly different types of acceleration driven instability experiments: (1) classical, relatively low speed, constant acceleration RTI experiments; (2) shock tube, shockwave driven RMI flow mixing experiments; (3) laser target vaporization RTI and RMI mixing experiments driven at very high energy density. These last named experiments are of special interest as they provide scaleable flow conditions simulating those of astrophysical magnitude such as shock-driven hydrodynamic mixing in supernova evolution research. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhou, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 70 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2003 VL 67 IS 5 AR 056305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.056305 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 689GC UT WOS:000183482400061 PM 12786270 ER PT J AU Danilov, V Aleksandrov, A Assadi, S Henderson, S Holtkamp, N Shea, T Shishlo, A Braiman, Y Liu, Y Barhen, J Zacharia, T AF Danilov, V Aleksandrov, A Assadi, S Henderson, S Holtkamp, N Shea, T Shishlo, A Braiman, Y Liu, Y Barhen, J Zacharia, T TI Three-step H- charge exchange injection with a narrow-band laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID BROAD-AREA LASERS; LOCKING AB This paper presents a scheme for three- step laser- based stripping of an H- beam for charge exchange injection into a high- intensity proton ring. First, H- atoms are converted to H-0 by Lorentz stripping in a strong magnetic field, then neutral hydrogen atoms are excited from the ground state to upper levels by a laser, and the remaining electron, now more weakly bound, is stripped in a strong magnetic field. The energy spread of the beam particles gives rise to a Doppler broadened absorption linewidth, which makes for an inefficient population of the upper state by a narrow- band laser. We propose to overcome this limitation with a " frequency sweeping'' arrangement, which populates the upper state with almost 100% efficiency. We present estimates of peak laser power and describe a method to reduce the power by tailoring the dispersion function at the laser- particle beam interaction point. We present a scheme for reducing the average power requirements by using an optical ring resonator. Finally, we discuss an experimental setup to demonstrate this approach in a proof- of- principle experiment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Danilov, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, 701 Scarboro Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2003 VL 6 IS 5 AR 053501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.6.053501 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689QC UT WOS:000183503600006 ER PT J AU Drago, A Gallo, A Ghigo, A Zobov, M Fox, JD Teytelman, D AF Drago, A Gallo, A Ghigo, A Zobov, M Fox, JD Teytelman, D TI Longitudinal quadrupole instability and control in the Frascati DA Phi NE electron ring SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID KICKER AB A longitudinal quadrupole ( q- pole) instability was limiting the maximum stable current in the DAPhiNE e(-) ring at a level of similar to 700 - 800 mA. In order to investigate the phenomenon, the instability threshold has been measured as a function of various machine parameters as radio frequency voltage ( V-rf), momentum compaction ( alpha(c)), number of bunches, fill pattern, etc. An unexpected interaction with the longitudinal feedback system, built to control the dipole motion, has been found and a proper feedback tuning has allowed increasing the threshold. The maximum stable beam current has now exceeded 1.80 A and it is no longer limited by the quadrupole instability. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Drago, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, POB 13, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2003 VL 6 IS 5 AR 052801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.6.052801 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689QC UT WOS:000183503600003 ER PT J AU Krinsky, S Gluckstern, RL AF Krinsky, S Gluckstern, RL TI Analysis of statistical correlations and intensity spiking in the self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT ANALYSIS; GAIN; NOISE; FLUCTUATIONS; RADIATION; AMPLIFICATION; SASE AB The narrow band chaotic output of the self- amplified spontaneous- emission free- electron laser exhibits intensity spikes. In the linear regime before saturation, we use an approach developed by Rice to determine probability distributions for the peak values of intensity in both the time and frequency domains. We also find the average number of spikes per unit time or frequency. In addition, we derive joint probabilities for the intensity in the output pulse to have values I-1 and I2 at times t(1) and t(2), and for the spectral intensity to have values (I) over tilde (1) and (I) over tilde (2) at frequencies omega(1) and omega(2). C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Krinsky, S (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2003 VL 6 IS 5 AR 050701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.6.050701 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689QC UT WOS:000183503600001 ER PT J AU Krinsky, S Huang, Z AF Krinsky, S Huang, Z TI Frequency chirped self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID RAY PULSE GENERATION; SASE-FEL AB We present a statistical analysis of the temporal and spectral properties of self- amplified spontaneous emission from an energy- chirped electron beam passing through a long undulator. It is found that the coherence time is independent of the chirp, while the range of spectral coherence is linearly proportional to it. We consider the use of a monochromator to pick out a small temporal slice of the radiation output. For the filtered radiation pulse, we determine the pulse duration, the number of modes, and the energy fluctuation. We apply our analysis to schemes proposed to generate short x- ray pulses at the Linac Coherent Light Source. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Krinsky, S (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2003 VL 6 IS 5 AR 050702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.6.050702 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689QC UT WOS:000183503600002 ER PT J AU Sharamentov, SI Pardo, RC Ostroumov, PN Clifft, BE Zinkann, GP AF Sharamentov, SI Pardo, RC Ostroumov, PN Clifft, BE Zinkann, GP TI Superconducting resonator used as a beam phase detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID OF-FLIGHT SYSTEM; ENERGY MEASUREMENT AB Beam- bunch arrival time has been measured for the first time by operating superconducting cavities, normally part of the linac accelerator array, in a bunch- detecting mode. The very high Q of the superconducting cavities provides high sensitivity and allows for phase- detecting low- current beams. In detecting mode, the resonator is operated at a very low field level comparable to the field induced by the bunched beam. Because of this, the rf field in the cavity is a superposition of a " pure'' ( or reference) rf and the beam- induced signal. A new method of circular phase rotation ( CPR), allowing extraction of the beam phase information from the composite rf field was developed. Arrival time phase determination with CPR is better than 1 degrees ( at 48 MHz) for a beam current of 100 nA. The electronics design is described and experimental data are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sharamentov, SI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2003 VL 6 IS 5 AR 052802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.6.052802 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689QC UT WOS:000183503600004 ER PT J AU Stoltz, PH Furman, MA Vay, JL Molvik, AW Cohen, RH AF Stoltz, PH Furman, MA Vay, JL Molvik, AW Cohen, RH TI Numerical simulation of the generation of secondary electrons in the High Current Experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID IONS AB Electron effects in the High Current Experiment ( HCX) are studied via computer simulation. An approximate expression for the secondary electron yield for a potassium ion striking stainless steel is derived and compared with experimental results. This approximate expression has a peak of roughly 55 electrons at normal incidence at an ion energy of 60 MeV. Using an empirical angular dependence, the secondary electron yield is combined with a numerical simulation of the HCX ion beam dynamics to obtain an estimate for the number of secondary electrons expected per ion- wall collision in the HCX. This estimate is that approximately 150 - 200 electrons per ion collision may result in the HCX. C1 Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stoltz, PH (reprint author), Tech X Corp, 5541 Cent Ave,Suite 135, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2003 VL 6 IS 5 AR 054701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.6.054701 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689QC UT WOS:000183503600009 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, R Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Saitorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, A Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, R Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, G Bamberger, A Benen, A Bell, M Bussey, P Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, R Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Matsushita, T Patel, S Rigby, M Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, I Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, R Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Saitorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, A Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, R Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, G Bamberger, A Benen, A Bell, M Bussey, P Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, R Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Matsushita, T Patel, S Rigby, M Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, I Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Search for single-top production in ep collisions at HERA SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; LUND MONTE-CARLO; MISSING TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; COLOR DIPOLE MODEL; HIGH-ENERGY LEPTON; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QUARK PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS AB A search for single-top production, ep --> et X, has been made with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 130.1 pb(-1). Events from both the leptonic and hadronic decay channels of the W boson resulting from the decay of the top quark were sought. For the leptonic mode, the search was made for events with isolated high-energy leptons and significant missing transverse momentum. For the hadronic decay mode, three-jet events in which two of the jets had an invariant mass consistent with that of the W were selected. No evidence for top production was found. The results are used to constrain single-top production via flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) transitions. The ZEUS limit excludes a substantial region in the FCNC tugamma coupling not ruled out by other experiments. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Hudson, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Inst, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; PAGANIS, STATHES/0000-0002-1950-8993; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132 NR 77 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 559 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00333-2 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 673AF UT WOS:000182555700007 ER PT J AU Alves, GA Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Astorga, J Bernard, T Bracker, SB Cremaldi, LM Dagenhart, WD Darling, CL Errede, D Fenker, HC Gay, C Green, DR Jedicke, R Karchin, PE Kwan, S Lueking, LH Neto, JRTD Metheny, J Milburn, RH de Miranda, JM da Motta, H Napier, A Nicola, MS Passmore, D Rafatian, A dos Reis, AC Ross, WR Santoro, AFS Sheaff, M Souza, MHG Stoughton, C Streetman, ME Summers, DJ Takach, SF Wallace, A Wu, Z AF Alves, GA Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Astorga, J Bernard, T Bracker, SB Cremaldi, LM Dagenhart, WD Darling, CL Errede, D Fenker, HC Gay, C Green, DR Jedicke, R Karchin, PE Kwan, S Lueking, LH Neto, JRTD Metheny, J Milburn, RH de Miranda, JM da Motta, H Napier, A Nicola, MS Passmore, D Rafatian, A dos Reis, AC Ross, WR Santoro, AFS Sheaff, M Souza, MHG Stoughton, C Streetman, ME Summers, DJ Takach, SF Wallace, A Wu, Z CA Fermilab E769 Collaboration TI Asymmetries in the production of Lambda(0) in 250 GeV/c pi(+/-), K-+/- and p-nucleon interactions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC CHARM; FEYNMAN-X; GEV-C; D+; PARTICLES; HYPERONS; MESON; MODEL AB Using data from Fermilab fixed-target experiment E769, we have measured particle-antiparticle production asymmetries for Lambda(0) hyperons in 250 GeV/c pi(+/-), K+/- and p-nucleon interactions. The asymmetries are measured as functions of Feynman-chi (chi(F)) and p(T)(2) over the ranges -0.12 less than or equal to chi(F) less than or equal to 0.12 and 0 less than or equal to P-T(2) less than or equal to 3 (GeV/c)(2) (for positive beam) and -0.12 less than or equal to chi(F) less than or equal to 0.4 and 0 less than or equal to P-T(2) less than or equal to 10 (GeV/c)(2) (for negative beam). We find substantial asymmetries, even at chi(F) around zero. We also observe leading-particle-type asymmetries. These latter effects are qualitatively as expected from valence-quark content of the target and variety of projectiles studied. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Alves, GA (reprint author), Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; de Mello Neto, Joao/C-5822-2013 OI de Mello Neto, Joao/0000-0002-3234-6634 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 559 IS 3-4 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00335-6 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 673AF UT WOS:000182555700009 ER PT J AU Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Leeper, RJ Peterson, DL Watt, RC Chrien, RE Idzorek, GC Oliver, BV Roderick, NF Haines, MG AF Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Leeper, RJ Peterson, DL Watt, RC Chrien, RE Idzorek, GC Oliver, BV Roderick, NF Haines, MG TI Unexpected axial asymmetry in radiated power from high-temperature dynamic-hohlraum x-ray sources SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; EXPLODING WIRES; ARRAYS AB Radiation from the interior of a dynamic hohlraum within a wire-array Z pinch is used to generate high-power x-ray pulses in both the up and down axial directions through radiation exit holes (REHs) in the anode and cathode, respectively. Despite a concerted effort to ensure a symmetrical up-down configuration, the measured peak top radiated power remained about twice that of the bottom (with similar total radiated energies from each REH), as compared to current simulations that predict equal powers. This large asymmetry suggests the need for improved physics models and simulation capabilities. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87455 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. RP Sanford, TWL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1190 DI 10.1063/1.1562630 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DM UT WOS:000182450100002 ER PT J AU Breslau, JA Jardin, SC AF Breslau, JA Jardin, SC TI Global extended magnetohydrodynamic studies of fast magnetic reconnection SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONLESS; TRANSITION; PLASMAS; FIELDS AB Recent experimental and theoretical results have led to two lines of thought regarding the physical processes underlying fast magnetic reconnection. One is based on the traditional Sweet-Parker model but replaces the Spitzer resistivity with an enhanced resistivity caused by electron scattering by ion acoustic turbulence. The other includes the finite gyroradius effects that enter Ohm's law through the Hall and electron pressure gradient terms. A two-dimensional numerical study, conducted with a new implicit parallel two-fluid code, has helped to clarify the similarities and differences in predictions between these two models. The former yields resistivity-dependent reconnection with a thick, moderate-aspect-ratio current sheet. If the sheet thickness is less than or comparable to the ion skin depth, it is verified that the Hall effect will predominate [Shay , Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 2163 (1999)], producing true fast reconnection with a microscopic current sheet of unit aspect ratio and a distorted out-of-plane magnetic field [Mandt , Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 73 (1994)]. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Breslau, JA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1298 DI 10.1063/1.1566026 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DM UT WOS:000182450100016 ER PT J AU Taylor, G Efthimion, PC Jones, B LeBlanc, BP Wilson, JR Wilgen, JB Bell, GL Bigelow, TS Maingi, R Rasmussen, DA Harvey, RW Smirnov, AP Paoletti, F Sabbagh, SA AF Taylor, G Efthimion, PC Jones, B LeBlanc, BP Wilson, JR Wilgen, JB Bell, GL Bigelow, TS Maingi, R Rasmussen, DA Harvey, RW Smirnov, AP Paoletti, F Sabbagh, SA TI Enhanced conversion of thermal electron Bernstein waves to the extraordinary electromagnetic mode on the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; EMISSION; TOKAMAKS; NSTX; SYSTEM AB A fourfold increase in the conversion of thermal electron Bernstein waves (EBW) to the extraordinary mode (X mode) was measured when the density scale length (L-n) was progressively shortened by a local boron nitride limiter in the scrape-off of an Ohmically heated National Spherical Torus Experiment plasma [M. Ono, S. Kaye, M. Peng , Proceedings of the 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (IAEA, Vienna, 1999), Vol. 3, p. 1135]. The maximum conversion efficiency approached 50% when L-n was reduced to 0.7 cm, in agreement with theoretical predictions that used locally measured L-n. Calculations indicate that it is possible to establish L-n<0.3 cm with a local limiter, a value predicted to attain &SIM;100% EBW conversion to the X mode in support of proposed EBW heating and current drive scenarios. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Taylor, G (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Smirnov, Alexander /A-4886-2014 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1401 DI 10.1063/1.1564081 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DM UT WOS:000182450100027 ER PT J AU Kolesnichenko, YI White, RB Yakovenko, YV AF Kolesnichenko, YI White, RB Yakovenko, YV TI Precession of toroidally passing particles in tokamaks and spherical tori SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC IONS; FISHBONE MODE; PLASMA; STABILIZATION; STELLARATORS; OSCILLATIONS; EQUILIBRIUM; DIFFUSION AB The toroidal precession of the circulating particles and semitrapped particles (toroidally passing but poloidally trapped particles) is studied. Expressions for the precession frequency, which are convenient for practical use, are obtained and analyzed. It is found that the key parameters that determine the magnitude and the direction of the precession velocity are the plasma elongation, the magnitudes and profiles of the safety factor and beta defined as the ratio of the local plasma pressure to the magnetic field pressure at the magnetic axis. An important role of the "paramagnetic" precession in highly elongated plasmas is revealed. The analysis carried out is based on the obtained expressions for the equilibrium magnetic field strength and the field line curvature. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolesnichenko, YI (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, Prospekt Nuaky 47, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Yakovenko, Yuriy/0000-0002-3499-5275 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1449 EP 1457 DI 10.1063/1.1568343 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DM UT WOS:000182450100033 ER PT J AU Rose, HA AF Rose, HA TI Trapped particle bounds on stimulated scatter in the large k lambda(D) regime SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LASER HOT-SPOTS; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; ELECTRON-PLASMA; RAMAN; IGNITION; DRIVEN; BRILLOUIN AB In the strongly damped regime, the convective gain rate for stimulated scatter, kappa, is customarily maximized by requiring that, taken together, the laser light wave and the daughter light and plasma waves, satisfy wavevector and frequency matching, and then 1/kappasimilar togamma, the plasma wave damping rate. If the bounce frequency in the daughter plasma wave is large compared to the trapped particle loss rate, it would seem, based on naive extrapolation of the work by Zakharov and Karpman [JETP 16, 351 (1963)] on decaying, one-dimensional Langmuir waves, that kappa may be increased indefinitely by increasing the electrostatic wave amplitude, phi, since they calculate that gamma varies as phi(-3/2). However, for a driven plasma wave in a laser speckle-as is appropriate to stimulated Raman scatter in an optically smoothed laser beam in three dimensions-it has been shown [H. A. Rose and D. A. Russell, Phys. Plasmas 8, 4784 (2001)] that gamma varies more slowly, proportional tophi(-1/2), and asymptotes to a finite value for large phi, when the loss of trapped electrons due to convection out the speckle sides dominates that due to collisions. This behavior, combined with the loss of resonance for phi too large, leads to a maximum value for kappa as a function of scattered light frequency and phi, for given laser and plasma parameters. Bounds for stimulated Brillouin scatter gain rate are also obtained. The standard mode-coupling model (MCM) of these scattering processes, when modified to include the trapped particle nonlinear frequency shift, always allows for a propagating plasma wave, and therefore may be qualitatively in error in regimes where the daughter plasma wave loses resonance. A mean field approximation model is proposed which is consistent with the bound on kappa and agrees with the MCM in the resonant regime, but differs in the nonresonant regime by respecting this fundamental difference in the plasma mode structure. If a plasma, as it evolves, crosses the resonant/nonresonant regime boundary, a model that is cognizant of both regimes is required to avoid a qualitative overestimate of the scatter. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rose, HA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1468 EP 1482 DI 10.1063/1.1566029 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DM UT WOS:000182450100035 ER PT J AU Kalantar, DH Belak, J Bringa, E Budil, K Caturla, M Colvin, J Kumar, M Lorenz, KT Rudd, RE Stolken, J Allen, AM Rosolankova, K Wark, JS Meyers, MA Schneider, M AF Kalantar, DH Belak, J Bringa, E Budil, K Caturla, M Colvin, J Kumar, M Lorenz, KT Rudd, RE Stolken, J Allen, AM Rosolankova, K Wark, JS Meyers, MA Schneider, M TI High-pressure, high-strain-rate lattice response of shocked materials SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; CRYSTALS; TRANSITIONS; COMPRESSION; SILICON; DEFORMATION; LASER; SI AB Laser-based shock experiments have been conducted in thin Si and Cu crystals at pressures above the published Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) for these materials. In situ x-ray diffraction has been used to directly measure the response of the shocked lattice during shock loading. Static film and x-ray streak cameras recorded x rays diffracted from lattice planes both parallel and perpendicular to the shock direction. In addition, experiments were conducted using a wide-angle detector to record x rays diffracted from multiple lattice planes simultaneously. These data showed uniaxial compression of Si (100) along the shock direction and three-dimensional compression of Cu (100). In the case of the Si diffraction, there was a multiple wave structure observed. This is evaluated to determine whether there is a phase transition occurring on the time scale of the experiments, or the HEL is much higher than previously reported. Results of the measurements are presented. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Kalantar, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kalantar1@llnl.gov RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011; Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012; Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553; Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1569 EP 1576 DI 10.1063/1.1565118 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200006 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G Brackbill, JU Daughton, WS AF Lapenta, G Brackbill, JU Daughton, WS TI The unexpected role of the lower hybrid drift instability in magnetic reconnection in three dimensions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; THIN CURRENT SHEETS; KINETIC SIMULATIONS; KINK INSTABILITY; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; NEUTRAL SHEET; MAGNETOTAIL; STABILITY; DYNAMICS AB The growth of the lower hybrid drift instability (LHDI) in unstable current sheets induces a fluid velocity shear that drives a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). The KHI results in kinking of the current sheet, so that any subsequent magnetic reconnection across the current sheet must occur in three dimensions. While this increases the complexity of modeling reconnection, it is of interest for its possible resolution of the stability to tearing of current sheets with a perpendicular magnetic field. Identification of the role of the LHDI in current sheet kinking required advances in simulation technique that allowed simulations at more realistic mass ratio and long time and length scales. Confidence in the results is strongly enhanced by confirmation with a standard plasma simulation using massively parallel computation. The results of this study have obvious relevance not only to magnetic reconnection and substorms in the Earth's magnetotail, where the LHDI has been observed, but also where thin current sheets occur, such as the solar corona. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lapenta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lapenta@lanl.gov RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1577 EP 1587 DI 10.1063/1.1560615 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200007 ER PT J AU Yin, L Winske, D AF Yin, L Winske, D TI Plasma pressure tensor effects on reconnection: Hybrid and Hall-magnetohydrodynamics simulations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; THIN CURRENT SHEETS; CHALLENGE; CONFIGURATIONS; STABILITY; FIELD AB Collisionless reconnection is studied using two-dimensional (2-D) hybrid (particle ions, massless fluid electrons) and Hall-magnetohydrodynamics (Hall-MHD) simulations. Both use the full electron pressure tensor instead of a localized resistivity in Ohm's law to initiate reconnection; an initial perturbation or boundary driving to the equilibrium is used. The initial configurations include one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D current sheets both with and without a guide field. Electron dynamics from the two calculations are compared, and overall agreement is found between the calculations in both reconnection rate and global configuration [L. Yin , J. Geophys. Res. 106, 10761 (2001)]. It is shown that the electron drifts in the small-transverse-scale fields near the X point cause the electron motion to decouple from the ion motion, and that reconnection occurs due to electron viscous effects contained in the off-diagonal terms of the electron pressure tensor. Comparing the hybrid and Hall-MHD simulations shows that effects of the off-diagonal terms in the ion pressure tensor, i.e., the ion gyro-radius effects, are necessary in order to model correctly the ion out-of-plane motion. It is shown that these effects can be modeled efficiently in a particle Hall-MHD simulation in which particle ions are used in a predictor/corrector manner to implement ion gyro-radius corrections [L. Yin , Phys. Plasmas 9, 2575 (2002)]. For modeling reconnection in large systems, a new integrated approach is examined in which Hall-MHD calculations using a full electron pressure tensor model is embedded inside a MHD simulation. The embedded simulation of current sheet thinning and reconnection dynamics in a realistic 2-D magnetotail equilibrium exhibits smooth transitions of plasma and field quantities between the two regions, with small-scale physics represented well in the compressed current sheet and in the near-X-point region. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yin, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Plasma Phys Grp, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1595 EP 1604 DI 10.1063/1.1559971 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200009 ER PT J AU Barnes, DC AF Barnes, DC TI Stability of a long field-reversed configuration: Complete two-fluid theory SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID INTERNAL TILT MODE; THETA-PINCH; PLASMA AB The stability of a long field-reversed configuration is considered within the two-fluid model. A symmetric quadratic form is obtained with all Hall and finite Larmor radius (FLR) terms included. Assuming slow axial variation, this form is used to derive a leading-order stability formulation. As previously found for single fluid magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) analysis of this problem, the stability problem is posed as a field-line ordinary differential equation for the axial electron displacement alone. All stability results depend only on the ratio G=S-*/E where E is the separatrix elongation and S* is the separatrix radius relative to the collisionless ion skin depth. Results are obtained for Hall MHD and also with FLR effects included (as large B gyroviscosity) and show stability for G/B-t0(2))similar to35% has been achieved during transient discharges. The machine improvements that lead to these results, including error field reduction and high temperature bakeout of plasma facing components are described. The highest beta(t) plasmas have high triangularity (delta=0.8) and elongation (kappa=2.0), at low aspect ratio Aequivalent toR/a=1.4. The strong shaping permits large values of normalized current, I-N(equivalent toI(p)/(aB(t0)))'6 while maintaining moderate values of q(95)=4. Long pulse discharges up to 1 s in duration have been achieved with substantial bootstrap current. The total noninductive current drive can be as high as 60%, comprised of 50% bootstrap current and similar to10% neutral beam current drive. The confinement enhancement factor H-89P is in excess of 2.7. beta(N) * H(89P)greater than or similar to15 has been maintained for 8 * tau(E)similar to1.6 * tau(CR), where tau(CR) is the relaxation time of the first radial moment of the toroidal current density. The ion temperature for these plasmas is significantly higher than that predicted by neoclassical theory. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gates, DA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1659 EP 1664 DI 10.1063/1.1556606 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200017 ER PT J AU Breslau, JA Jardin, SC Park, W AF Breslau, JA Jardin, SC Park, W TI Simulation studies of the role of reconnection in the "current hole" experiments in the Joint European Torus SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID EXTREME SHEAR REVERSAL; CURRENT-DENSITY; JET DISCHARGES; CURRENT DRIVE; ZERO CURRENT; TOKAMAK; EQUILIBRIUM; TRANSPORT AB Injection of lower hybrid current drive into the current ramp-up phase of Joint European Torus (JET) discharges has been observed to produce an annular current distribution with a core region of essentially zero current density [Hawkes , Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 115001 (2001)]. Similar "current holes" have been observed in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokamak 60 Upgrade discharges with off-axis current drive supplied by bootstrap current [T. Fujita , Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 245001 (2001)]. In both cases, the central current does not go negative, although current diffusion calculations indicate that there is sufficient noninductive current drive for this to occur. This is explained by the multilevel 3D code (M3D) nonlinear 2D and 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations in toroidal geometry, which predict that these discharges undergo n=0 reconnection events-"axisymmetric sawteeth"-that redistribute the current to hold its core density near zero. Unlike conventional sawteeth, these events retain the symmetry of the equilibrium, and thus are best viewed as a transient loss of equilibrium caused when an iota=0 rational surface enters the plasma. If the current density profile has a central minimum, this surface will enter on axis; otherwise it will enter off-axis. In the first case, the reconnection is limited to a small region around the axis and clamps the core current at zero. In the second case, more typical of the JET experiments, the core current takes on a finite negative value before the iota=0 surface appears, resulting in discrete periodic axisymmetric sawtooth events with a finite minor radius. Interpretation of the simulation results is given in terms of analytic equilibrium theory, and the relation to conventional sawteeth and to a recent reduced-MHD analysis of this phenomenon in cylindrical geometry [Huysmans , Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 245002 (2001)] is discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Breslau, JA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jbreslau@pppl.gov RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1665 EP 1669 DI 10.1063/1.1556299 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200018 ER PT J AU Boedo, JA Rudakov, DL Moyer, RA McKee, GR Colchin, RJ Schaffer, MJ Stangeby, PG West, WP Allen, SL Evans, TE Fonck, RJ Hollmann, EM Krasheninnikov, S Leonard, AW Nevins, W Mahdavi, MA Porter, GD Tynan, GR Whyte, DG Xu, X AF Boedo, JA Rudakov, DL Moyer, RA McKee, GR Colchin, RJ Schaffer, MJ Stangeby, PG West, WP Allen, SL Evans, TE Fonck, RJ Hollmann, EM Krasheninnikov, S Leonard, AW Nevins, W Mahdavi, MA Porter, GD Tynan, GR Whyte, DG Xu, X TI Transport by intermittency in the boundary of the DIII-D tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID ALCATOR-C-MOD; SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; HIGH CONFINEMENT MODE; FAST SCANNING PROBE; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; EDGE TURBULENCE; PLASMA TRANSPORT; VELOCITY SHEAR; H-MODE AB Intermittent plasma objects (IPOs), featuring higher pressure than the surrounding plasma, are responsible for similar to50% of the ExB(T) radial transport in the scrape off layer (SOL) of the Doublet III D (DIII-D) tokamak [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 (2002)] in L- and H-mode discharges. Conditional averaging reveals that the IPOs are positively charged and feature internal poloidal electric fields of up to 4000 V/m. The IPOs move radially with ExB(T)/B-2 velocities of similar to2600 m/s near the last closed flux surface (LCFS), and similar to330 m/s near the wall. The IPOs slow down as they shrink in size from 2 cm at the LCFS to 0.5 cm near the wall. The skewness (i.e., asymmetry of fluctuations from the average) of probe and beam emission spectroscopy data indicate IPO formation at or near the LCFS and the existence of positive and negative IPOs which move in opposite directions. The particle content of the IPOs at the LCFS is linearly dependent on the local density and decays over similar to3 cm into the SOL while their temperature decays much faster (similar to1 cm). (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Boedo, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 52 TC 188 Z9 188 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1670 EP 1677 DI 10.1063/1.1563259 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200019 ER PT J AU Krasheninnikov, SI Zakharov, LE Pereverzev, GV AF Krasheninnikov, SI Zakharov, LE Pereverzev, GV TI On lithium walls and the performance of magnetic fusion devices SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT AB It is shown that lithium walls resulting in zero-recycling regimes at the edge of magnetic fusion device can cause dramatic improvements of core plasma performance. The plasma temperature at the wall in these regimes is much larger than in conventional tokamaks. It reduces the core temperature gradient and, thus, related anomalous transport, allowing an increase in the achievable beta to the level similar to20%, due to wall stabilization and second stability core. Fusion relevant plasma temperature over entire core and high beta results in a strong enhancement of fusion power density. Modeling of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor performance in zero-recycling regimes shows so significant improvement that fusion power increases with no apparent limits due to elimination of the strong core temperature gradient and associated turbulent transport and due to expansion of the burning zone to the entire cross section. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Krasheninnikov, SI (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 11 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1678 EP 1682 DI 10.1063/1.1558293 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200020 ER PT J AU Murakami, M Wade, MR DeBoo, JC Greenfield, CM Luce, TC Makowski, MA Petty, CC Staebler, GM Taylor, TS Austin, ME Baker, DR Budny, RV Burrell, KH Casper, TA Choi, M Ferron, JR Garofalo, AM Gorelov, IA Groebner, RJ La Haye, R Hyatt, AW Jayakumar, RJ Kajiwara, K Kinsey, JE Lao, LL Lohr, J McCune, D Pinsker, RI Politzer, PA Prater, R St John, HE West, WP AF Murakami, M Wade, MR DeBoo, JC Greenfield, CM Luce, TC Makowski, MA Petty, CC Staebler, GM Taylor, TS Austin, ME Baker, DR Budny, RV Burrell, KH Casper, TA Choi, M Ferron, JR Garofalo, AM Gorelov, IA Groebner, RJ La Haye, R Hyatt, AW Jayakumar, RJ Kajiwara, K Kinsey, JE Lao, LL Lohr, J McCune, D Pinsker, RI Politzer, PA Prater, R St John, HE West, WP TI Advanced tokamak profile evolution in DIII-D SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID CYCLOTRON CURRENT DRIVE; ARBITRARY COLLISIONALITY; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; ASPECT RATIO; ELECTRON; TRANSPORT; PLASMAS; DIFFUSION; ION AB Using off-axis electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD), self-consistent integrated advanced tokamak operation has been demonstrated on DIII-D [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159], combining high beta (>3%) at high q (q(min)>2.0) with good energy confinement (H(89)similar to2.5) and high noninductive current fraction (f(BS)similar to55%,f(NI)similar to90%). Modification of the current profile by ECCD led to internal transport barrier formation even in the presence of type I edge localized modes. Improvements were observed in all transport channels, and increased peaking of profiles led to higher bootstrap current in the core. Separate experiments have shown the ability to maintain a nearly steady-state current profile for up to 1 s with q(min)>1.5. Modeling indicates that this favorable current profile can be maintained indefinitely at a higher beta(N) using tools available to the near-term DIII-D program. Modeling and simulation have become essential tools for the experimental program in interpreting the data and developing detail plans for new experiments. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Murakami, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1691 EP 1697 DI 10.1063/1.1559007 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200022 ER PT J AU McKee, GR Fonck, RJ Jakubowski, M Burrell, KH Hallatschek, K Moyer, RA Rudakov, DL Nevins, W Porter, GD Schoch, P Xu, X AF McKee, GR Fonck, RJ Jakubowski, M Burrell, KH Hallatschek, K Moyer, RA Rudakov, DL Nevins, W Porter, GD Schoch, P Xu, X TI Experimental characterization of coherent, radially-sheared zonal flows in the DIII-D tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID BEAM EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT DEVICES; POLOIDAL FLOW; FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS; DELAY ESTIMATION; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; PLASMA; TEMPERATURE; SUPPRESSION AB The application of time-delay-estimation techniques to two-dimensional measurements of density fluctuations, obtained with beam emission spectroscopy in DIII-D [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 (2002)] plasmas, has provided temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the turbulence flow-field. Features that are characteristic of self-generated zonal flows are observed in the radial region 0.85less than or equal tor/aless than or equal to1.0. These features include a coherent oscillation (approximately 15 kHz) in the poloidal flow of density fluctuations that has a long poloidal wavelength, possibly m=0, narrow radial extent (k(r)rho(I)<0.2), and whose frequency varies monotonically with the local temperature. The approximate effective shearing rate, dv(theta)/dr, of the flow is of the same order of magnitude as the measured nonlinear decorrelation rate of the turbulence, and the density fluctuation amplitude is modulated at the frequency of the observed flow oscillation. Some phase coherence is observed between the higher wavenumber density fluctuations and low frequency poloidal flow fluctuations, suggesting a Reynolds stress contribution. These characteristics are consistent with predicted features of zonal flows, specifically identified as geodesic acoustic modes, observed in 3-D Braginskii simulations of core/edge turbulence. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Garching, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McKee, GR (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 38 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1712 EP 1719 DI 10.1063/1.1559974 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200025 ER PT J AU Sovinec, CR Gianakon, TA Held, ED Kruger, SE Schnack, DD AF Sovinec, CR Gianakon, TA Held, ED Kruger, SE Schnack, DD CA NIMROD Team TI NIMROD: A computational laboratory for studying nonlinear fusion magnetohydrodynamics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID REVERSED-FIELD PINCH; TEARING MODES; TOKAMAK; PLASMA; SUSTAINMENT; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS AB Nonlinear numerical studies of macroscopic modes in a variety of magnetic fusion experiments are made possible by the flexible high-order accurate spatial representation and semi-implicit time advance in the NIMROD simulation code [A. H. Glasser , Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 41, A747 (1999)]. Simulation of a resistive magnetohydrodynamics mode in a shaped toroidal tokamak equilibrium demonstrates computation with disparate time scales, simulations of discharge 87009 in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon , Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159] confirm an analytic scaling for the temporal evolution of an ideal mode subject to plasma-beta increasing beyond marginality, and a spherical torus simulation demonstrates nonlinear free-boundary capabilities. A comparison of numerical results on magnetic relaxation finds the n=1 mode and flux amplification in spheromaks to be very closely related to the m=1 dynamo modes and magnetic reversal in reversed-field pinch configurations. Advances in local and nonlocal closure relations developed for modeling kinetic effects in fluid simulation are also described. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Sovinec, CR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1727 EP 1732 DI 10.1063/1.1560920 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200027 ER PT J AU Wilson, JR Bell, RE Bernabei, S Bitter, M Bonoli, P Gates, D Hosea, J LeBlanc, B Mau, TK Medley, S Menard, J Mueller, D Ono, M Phillips, CK Pinsker, RI Raman, R Rosenberg, A Ryan, P Sabbagh, S Stutman, D Swain, D Takase, Y Wilgen, J AF Wilson, JR Bell, RE Bernabei, S Bitter, M Bonoli, P Gates, D Hosea, J LeBlanc, B Mau, TK Medley, S Menard, J Mueller, D Ono, M Phillips, CK Pinsker, RI Raman, R Rosenberg, A Ryan, P Sabbagh, S Stutman, D Swain, D Takase, Y Wilgen, J CA NSTX Team TI Exploration of high harmonic fast wave heating on the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID CURRENT DRIVE; DIII-D; TFTR AB High harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating has been proposed as a particularly attractive means for plasma heating and current drive in the high beta plasmas that are achievable in spherical torus (ST) devices. The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) [M. Ono, S. M. Kaye, S. Neumeyer , in Proceedings of the 18th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Albuquerque, 1999 (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1999), p. 53] is such a device. An rf heating system has been installed on the NSTX to explore the physics of HHFW heating, current drive via rf waves and for use as a tool to demonstrate the attractiveness of the ST concept as a fusion device. To date, experiments have demonstrated many of the theoretical predictions for HHFW. In particular, strong wave absorption on electrons over a wide range of plasma parameters and wave parallel phase velocities, wave acceleration of energetic ions, and indications of current drive for directed wave spectra have been observed. In addition HHFW heating has been used to explore the energy transport properties of NSTX plasmas, to create H-mode discharges with a large fraction of bootstrap current and to control the plasma current profile during the early stages of the discharge. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. RP Wilson, JR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1733 EP 1738 DI 10.1063/1.1560921 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200028 ER PT J AU Terry, JL Zweben, SJ Hallatschek, K LaBombard, B Maqueda, RJ Bai, B Boswell, CJ Greenwald, M Kopon, D Nevins, WM Pitcher, CS Rogers, BN Stotler, DP Xu, XQ AF Terry, JL Zweben, SJ Hallatschek, K LaBombard, B Maqueda, RJ Bai, B Boswell, CJ Greenwald, M Kopon, D Nevins, WM Pitcher, CS Rogers, BN Stotler, DP Xu, XQ TI Observations of the turbulence in the scrape-off-layer of Alcator C-Mod and comparisons with simulation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; EDGE TURBULENCE; ELECTROSTATIC FLUCTUATIONS; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; DIVERTOR GEOMETRY; PLASMA TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY PLASMA; TRANSITION; SUPPRESSION; SPACE AB The intermittent turbulent transport in the scrape-off-layer (SOL) of Alcator C-Mod [I.H. Hutchinson, R. Boivin, P.T. Bonoli , Nucl. Fusion 41, 1391 (2001)] is studied experimentally by imaging with a very high density of spatial measurements. The two-dimensional structure and dynamics of emission from a localized gas puff are observed, and intermittent features (also sometimes called "filaments" or "blobs") are typically seen. The characteristics of the spatial structure of the turbulence and their relationship to the time-averaged SOL profiles are discussed and compared with those measured on the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono, S. M. Kaye, Y.-K. M. Pong , Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)]. The experimental observations are compared also with three-dimensional nonlinear numerical simulations of edge turbulence. Radial profiles of the poloidal wave number spectra and the poloidal scale length from the simulations are in reasonable agreement with those obtained from the experimental images, once the response of the optical system is accounted for. The resistive ballooning mode is the dominant linear instability in the simulations. The ballooning character of the turbulence is also consistent with fluctuation measurements made at the inboard and outboard midplane, where normalized fluctuation levels are found to be about 10 times smaller on the inboard side. For discharges near the density limit, turbulent structures are seen on closed flux surfaces. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Terry, JL (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 36 TC 158 Z9 159 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1739 EP 1747 DI 10.1063/1.1564090 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200029 ER PT J AU Bush, CE Bell, MG Bell, RE Boedo, J Fredrickson, ED Kaye, SM Kubota, S LeBlanc, BP Maingi, R Maqueda, RJ Sabbagh, SA Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D Swain, DW Wilgen, JB Zweben, SJ Davis, WM Gates, DA Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kugel, HW Lee, KC Mastrovito, D Medley, S Menard, JE Mueller, D Ono, M Paoletti, F Park, H Paul, SJ Peng, YKM Raman, R Roney, PG Roquemore, AL Skinner, CH Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G AF Bush, CE Bell, MG Bell, RE Boedo, J Fredrickson, ED Kaye, SM Kubota, S LeBlanc, BP Maingi, R Maqueda, RJ Sabbagh, SA Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D Swain, DW Wilgen, JB Zweben, SJ Davis, WM Gates, DA Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kugel, HW Lee, KC Mastrovito, D Medley, S Menard, JE Mueller, D Ono, M Paoletti, F Park, H Paul, SJ Peng, YKM Raman, R Roney, PG Roquemore, AL Skinner, CH Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G CA NSTX Team TI H-mode threshold and dynamics in the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID DIII-D; TOKAMAK; PHYSICS AB Edge parameters play a critical role in high confinement mode (H-mode) access, which is a key component of discharge optimization in present day toroidal confinement experiments and the design of next generation devices. Because the edge magnetic topology of a spherical torus (ST) differs from a conventional aspect ratio tokamak, H-modes in STs exhibit important differences compared with tokamaks. The dependence of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) [C. Neumeyer , Fusion Eng. Des. 54, 275 (2001)] edge plasma on heating power, including the low confinement mode (L-mode) to H-mode (L-H) transition requirements and the occurrence of edge-localized modes (ELMs), and on divertor configuration is quantified. Comparisons between good L-modes and H-modes show greater differences in the ion channel than the electron channel. The threshold power for the H-mode transition in NSTX is generally above the predictions of a recent International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) [ITER Physics Basis Editors, Nucl. Fusion 39, 2175 (1999)] scaling. Correlations of transition and ELM phenomena with turbulent fluctuations revealed by gas puff imaging and reflectometry are observed. In both single-null and double-null divertor discharges, the density peaks off-axis, sometimes developing prominent "ears" which can be sustained for many energy confinement times, tau(E), in the absence of ELMs. A wide variety of ELM behavior is observed, and ELM characteristics depend on configuration and fueling. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bush, CE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1755 EP 1764 DI 10.1063/1.1567288 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200031 ER PT J AU Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Fenstermacher, ME Groebner, RJ Groth, M Lasnier, CJ Mahdavi, MA Petrie, TW Snyder, PB Watkins, JG Zeng, L AF Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Fenstermacher, ME Groebner, RJ Groth, M Lasnier, CJ Mahdavi, MA Petrie, TW Snyder, PB Watkins, JG Zeng, L TI Transport of edge localized modes energy and particles into the scrape off layer and divertor of DIII-D SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID ALCATOR-C-MOD; H-MODES; CONFINEMENT; STABILITY; PEDESTAL; TOKAMAK; PLASMA AB The reduction in size of Type I edge localized modes (ELMs) with increasing density is explored in DIII-D [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 (2002)] for the purpose of studying the underlying transport of ELM energy. The separate convective and conductive transport of energy due to an ELM is determined by Thomson scattering measurements of electron density and temperature in the pedestal. The conductive transport from the pedestal during an ELM decreases with increasing density, while the convective transport remains nearly constant. The scaling of the ELM energy loss is compared with an edge stability model. The role of the divertor sheath in limiting energy loss from the pedestal during an ELM is explored. Evidence of outward radial transport to the midplane wall during an ELM is also presented. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Leonard, AW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 26 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1765 EP 1772 DI 10.1063/1.1567723 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200032 ER PT J AU Xu, XQ Nevins, WM Rognlien, TD Bulmer, RH Greenwald, M Mahdavi, A Pearlstein, LD Snyder, P AF Xu, XQ Nevins, WM Rognlien, TD Bulmer, RH Greenwald, M Mahdavi, A Pearlstein, LD Snyder, P TI Transitions of turbulence in plasma density limits SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; TOKAMAK BOUNDARY PLASMAS; L-H TRANSITION; ALCATOR C-MOD; DIVERTOR GEOMETRY; TRANSPORT; EDGE; SIMULATIONS; FLUCTUATIONS; PARAMETERS AB A series of BOUT [X. Q. Xu , Phys. Plasmas 7, 1951 (2000)] simulations is conducted to investigate the physical processes which limit the density in tokamak plasmas. Simulations of turbulence in tokamak boundary plasmas are presented which show that turbulent fluctuation levels and transport increase with collisionality. At high edge density, the perpendicular turbulent transport dominates the parallel classical transport, leading to substantially reduced contact with divertor plates and the destruction of the edge shear layer, and the region of high transport then extends inside the last closed flux surface. As the density increases these simulations show resistive X-point mode-->resistive ballooning modes. The simulations also show that it is easier to reach the density limit as the density increases while holding pressure constant than holding temperature constant. A set of 2D transport simulations with increasingly large radial outboard transport, as indicated by BOUT for increasing density, shows that such transport can lead to an X-point multifaced asymmetric radiation from the edge when impurity radiation is included, which is a common symptom of density-limit related disruptions. BOUT further demonstrates that the local transport scaling with the current is similar to the global low-confinement-mode (L-mode) transport model (tau(E)proportional toI(p)) (by fixing q profiles). This current scaling appears on a plot of discharge current versus density as abruptly large radial transport once the Greenwald density is approached or exceeded. All of these results indicate that rapid edge cooling due to large radial transport is a key for the physics of the tokamak density limit. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Xu, XQ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1773 EP 1781 DI 10.1063/1.1566032 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200033 ER PT J AU Lanier, NE Barnes, CW Batha, SH Day, RD Magelssen, GR Scott, JM Dunne, AM Parker, KW Rothman, SD AF Lanier, NE Barnes, CW Batha, SH Day, RD Magelssen, GR Scott, JM Dunne, AM Parker, KW Rothman, SD TI Multimode seeded Richtmyer-Meshkov mixing in a convergent, compressible, miscible plasma system SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; CYLINDRICAL IMPLOSIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DIRECT-DRIVE; OMEGA LASER; NOVA LASER; STABILITY; GEOMETRY AB Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) mixing seeded by multimode initial surface perturbations in a convergent, compressible, miscible plasma system is measured on the OMEGA [T. R. Boehly , Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] laser system. A strong shock (Mach 12-20), created by 50 laser beams, is used to accelerate impulsively a thin aluminum shell into a lower density foam. As the system converges, both interfaces of the aluminum are RM unstable and undergo mixing. Standard x-ray radiographic techniques are employed to survey accurately the zero-order hydrodynamics, the average radius and overall width, of the marker. LASNEX [G. B. Zimmerman , Comments on Plasma Physics 2, 51 (1975)] simulations are consistent with the zero-order behavior of initially smooth markers. In experiments with smooth aluminum markers, the measured marker width shortly after shock passage behaves incompressibly and thickens due to Bell-Plesset effects. At high convergence (>4), the marker begins to compress as the rebounding shock passes back through the marker. When an initial multimode perturbation is introduced to the outer surface of the marker, the measured marker width is observed to increase by 10-15 mum, and is substantially smaller than as-shot simulations using RAGE [R. M. Baltrusaitis , Phys. Fluids 8, 2471 (1996)] would predict. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Atom Weap Estab, Aldermaston, England. RP Lanier, NE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Dunne, Mike/B-4318-2014 OI Dunne, Mike/0000-0001-8740-3870 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1816 EP 1821 DI 10.1063/1.1542886 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200039 ER PT J AU Divol, L Berger, RL Cohen, BI Williams, EA Langdon, AB Lasinski, BF Froula, DH Glenzer, SH AF Divol, L Berger, RL Cohen, BI Williams, EA Langdon, AB Lasinski, BF Froula, DH Glenzer, SH TI Modeling the nonlinear saturation of stimulated Brillouin backscatter in laser heated plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; THOMSON SCATTERING; DRIVEN; GROWTH; RAMAN; SIMULATIONS; FUSION AB After showing that the stimulated Brillouin instability (SBS) is likely to be in a saturated regime under conditions of interest for inertial confinement fusion, two examples of reduced models of nonlinear effects that are included in a fluid model are described. Simulations using a nonlinear damping representing the saturation of the amplitude of acoustic waves in the fluid regime (i.e., weak Landau damping) are compared with experimental measurements done on CO2 plasmas. While good agreement is found between the model and a variety of independent experimental measurements, no simple explanation was found for the very low saturation level (well below the amplitude corresponding to the two-ion-decay instability) that has to be used. In the kinetic regime (i.e., large Landau damping), hybrid-particle-in-cell simulations show that nonlinear frequency shifts induced by trapping saturate SBS. A reduced steady-state model has been shown to be in correct agreement with time-integrated measurements done on Be plasmas. Numerical simulations indicate that a more dynamical model is needed to describe the transient evolution of SBS. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Divol, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1822 EP 1828 DI 10.1063/1.1557055 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200040 ER PT J AU Hammer, JH Rosen, MD AF Hammer, JH Rosen, MD TI A consistent approach to solving the radiation diffusion equation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; GAIN AB Diffusive x-ray-driven heat waves are found in a variety of astrophysical and laboratory settings, e.g., in the heating of a hohlraum used for inertial confinement fusion, and hence are of intrinsic interest. However, accurate analytic diffusion wave (also called Marshak wave) solutions are difficult to obtain due to the strong nonlinearity of the radiation diffusion equation. The typical approach is to solve near the heat front, and by ansatz apply the solution globally. This approach works fairly well due to "steepness" of the heat front, but energy is not conserved and it does not lead to a consistent way of correcting the solution or estimating accuracy. In this work, the steepness of the front is employed through a perturbation expansion in epsilon=beta/(4+alpha), where the internal energy varies as T-beta and the opacity varies as T-alpha. The equations are solved using an iterative approach, equivalent to asymptotic methods that match outer (away from the front) and inner (near the front) solutions. Typically epsilon<0.3. Calculations through first order in epsilon and are accurate to similar to10%, which is comparable to the inaccuracy from assuming power laws for material properties. Supersonic waves with arbitrary drive time history are solved for, including the case of a rapidly cooling surface. The method is then generalized to arbitrary temperature dependence of opacity and internal energy. Also solved for are subsonic waves with drive temperature varying as a power of time. In the subsonic case, the specific heat (pressure/density) and opacity are each assumed to vary as density to a small power, of order epsilon. Solutions are obtained through order epsilon(2) and it is found that the theory compares well with radiation hydrodynamics code calculations of the heat front position, absorbed flux, and ablation pressure. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hammer, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1829 EP 1845 DI 10.1063/1.1564599 PN 2 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200041 ER PT J AU Froula, DH Divol, L Braun, DG Cohen, BI Gregori, G Mackinnon, A Williams, EA Glenzer, SH Baldis, HA Montgomery, DS Johnson, RP AF Froula, DH Divol, L Braun, DG Cohen, BI Gregori, G Mackinnon, A Williams, EA Glenzer, SH Baldis, HA Montgomery, DS Johnson, RP TI Stimulated Brillouin scattering in the saturated regime SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; THOMSON SCATTERING; LASER-BEAMS; PLASMA; BACKSCATTER; GROWTH; INSTABILITY; SIMULATIONS; DRIVEN; RAMAN AB An experimental study of the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) instability has investigated the effects of velocity gradients and kinetic effects on the saturation of ion-acoustic waves in a plasma. For intensities less than I<1.5x10(15) W cm(-2), SBS is in a linear regime and is moderated primarily by velocity gradients, while for intensities above this threshold, nonlinear trapping is relevant. Direct evidence of detuning of SBS by a velocity gradient was achieved by directly measuring the frequency of the SBS-driven acoustic wave relative to the local resonant acoustic frequency. The frequency and amplitude of the ion-acoustic wave directly responsible for SBS has been measured as a function of space using a 3omega 200 ps Thomson-scattering probe beam. Furthermore, direct evidence of kinetic effects associated with the SBS process in the nonlinear regime has been investigated through a novel use of Thomson scattering. Specifically, a measured twofold increase in the ion temperature has been linked with ion-acoustic waves that have been driven to large amplitudes by the SBS instability. Ion-acoustic waves were excited to large amplitude with a 2omega 1.2-ns-long interaction beam with intensities up to 7x10(15) W cm(-2). The measured twofold increase in the ion temperature and its correlation with SBS reflectivity measurements provides quantitative evidence of hot ions created by ion trapping in laser plasmas. These detailed and accurate measurements in well-characterized plasma conditions allow a direct test of linear and nonlinear models of the saturation of SBS. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Froula, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1846 EP 1853 DI 10.1063/1.1542887 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200042 ER PT J AU Vesey, RA Cuneo, ME Porter, JL Adams, RG Aragon, RA Rambo, PK Ruggles, LE Simpson, WW Smith, IC Bennett, GR AF Vesey, RA Cuneo, ME Porter, JL Adams, RG Aragon, RA Rambo, PK Ruggles, LE Simpson, WW Smith, IC Bennett, GR TI Radiation symmetry control for inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions in double Z-pinch hohlraums on Z SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; DRIVEN HOHLRAUM; ASYMMETRY; DESIGN; POWER AB The double Z-pinch hohlraum high-yield concept [Hammer , Phys. Plasmas 6, 2129 (1999)] utilizes two 63-MA Z pinches to heat separate primary hohlraums at either end of a secondary hohlraum containing the cryogenic fusion capsule. Recent experiments on the Z accelerator [Spielman , Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories have developed an advanced single-sided power feed, double Z-pinch load to study radiation symmetry and pinch power balance using implosion capsules [Cuneo , Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 215004 (2002)]. Point-projection x-ray imaging with the Z-Beamlet Laser mapped the trajectory and distortion of 2-mm diameter plastic ablator capsules. Using the backlit capsule distortion as a symmetry diagnostic, the ability to predictably tune symmetry at the <10% level in fluence by modifying the hohlraum geometry has been demonstrated. Systematic control of the time-integrated P-2 Legendre mode asymmetry coefficient over a range of +/-6% (+/-2% considering points nearest the optimum) was achieved by varying the length of the cylindrical secondary hohlraum containing the capsule, in agreement with viewfactor and radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Vesey, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1854 EP 1860 DI 10.1063/1.1555828 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200043 ER PT J AU Smalyuk, VA Delettrez, JA Dumanis, SB Glebov, VY Goncharov, VN Knauer, JP Marshall, FJ Meyerhofer, DD Radha, PB Regan, SP Roberts, S Sangster, TC Skupsky, S Soures, JM Stoeckl, C Town, RPJ Yaakobi, B Frenje, JA Li, CK Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH McCrorey, DL Mancini, RC Koch, JA AF Smalyuk, VA Delettrez, JA Dumanis, SB Glebov, VY Goncharov, VN Knauer, JP Marshall, FJ Meyerhofer, DD Radha, PB Regan, SP Roberts, S Sangster, TC Skupsky, S Soures, JM Stoeckl, C Town, RPJ Yaakobi, B Frenje, JA Li, CK Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH McCrorey, DL Mancini, RC Koch, JA TI Hydrodynamic growth of shell modulations in the deceleration phase of spherical direct-drive implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; CONFINEMENT FUSION IMPLOSIONS; OMEGA-LASER SYSTEM; PLANAR TARGETS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; INDIRECTLY DRIVEN; DISPERSION CURVE; MIX; EVOLUTION; NOVA AB The evolution of shell modulations was measured in targets with titanium-doped layers using differential imaging [B. Yaakobi , Phys. Plasmas 7, 3727 (2000)] near peak compression of direct-drive spherical implosions. Inner-shell modulations grow throughout the deceleration phase of the implosion due to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability with relative modulation levels of similar to20% at peak neutron production and similar to50% at peak compression (similar to100 ps later) in targets with 1-mm-diam, 20-mum-thick shells filled with 4 atm of (DHe)-He-3 gas. In addition, the shell modulations grow up to about 1.5 times due to Bell-Plesset convergent effects during the same period. At peak compression the inner part of the shell has a higher modulation level than other parts of the shell. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Harley Sch, Rochester, NY 14618 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Engn Mech, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Smalyuk, VA (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Goncharov, Valeri/H-4471-2011 NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1861 EP 1866 DI 10.1063/1.1558292 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200044 ER PT J AU Lemke, RW Knudson, MD Robinson, AC Haill, TA Struve, KW Asay, JR Mehlhorn, TA AF Lemke, RW Knudson, MD Robinson, AC Haill, TA Struve, KW Asay, JR Mehlhorn, TA TI Self-consistent, two-dimensional, magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetically driven flyer plates SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION AB The intense magnetic field generated by the 20 megaampere Z machine [R. B. Spielman , Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories is being used as a pressure source for material science studies. An application we have studied in great detail involves using the intense magnetic field to accelerate flyer plates (small metal disks) to very high velocities (>20 km/s) for use in shock loading experiments. We have used two-dimensional (2D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation to investigate the physics of accelerating flyer plates using multi-megabar magnetic drive pressures. A typical shock physics load is comprised of conducting electrodes that are highly compressible at multi-megabar pressures. Electrode deformation that occurs during the rise time of the current pulse causes significant inductance increase, which reduces the peak current (drive pressure) relative to a static geometry. This important dynamic effect is modeled self-consistently by driving the MHD simulation with an accurate circuit model of Z. Self-consistent, 2D, MHD simulations are able to produce and predict time resolved velocity interferometry measurements when the drive circuit includes models of current losses and short circuiting in Z. Simulation results elucidate the phenomena contributing to the flyer velocity history, and show that electrical and hydrodynamic optimization of the load are necessary to minimize effects of time varying inductance. Details of the modeling, the physics, and comparisons with experiment are presented. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lemke, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 44 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1867 EP 1874 DI 10.1063/1.1557530 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200045 ER PT J AU Slutz, SA Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Bennett, GR Cooper, G Lash, JS Lazier, S Lake, P Lemke, RW Mehlhorn, TA Nash, TJ Nielson, DS McGurn, J Moore, TC Ruiz, CL Schroen, DG Torres, J Varnum, W Vesey, RA AF Slutz, SA Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Bennett, GR Cooper, G Lash, JS Lazier, S Lake, P Lemke, RW Mehlhorn, TA Nash, TJ Nielson, DS McGurn, J Moore, TC Ruiz, CL Schroen, DG Torres, J Varnum, W Vesey, RA TI Dynamic hohlraum driven inertial fusion capsules SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS; CONFINEMENT-FUSION; IMPLOSIONS; IGNITION; GAIN AB A dynamic hohlraum is formed when an imploding annular cylindrical Z-pinch driven plasma collides with an internal low density convertor. This collision generates an inward traveling shock wave that emits x rays, which are trapped by the optically thick Z-pinch plasma and can be used to drive an inertial fusion capsule embedded in the convertor. This scheme has the potential to efficiently drive high yield capsules due to the close coupling between the intense radiation generation and the capsule. In prior dynamic hohlraum experiments [J. E. Bailey , Phys. Rev Lett. 89, 095004 (2002)] the convertor shock wave has been imaged with gated x-ray pinhole cameras. The shock emission was observed to be very circular and to be quite narrow in the radial direction. This implies that there is minimal Rayleigh-Taylor imprinting on the shock wave. Thus, the dominant source of radiation asymmetry is not random and in principle could be significantly decreased by proper design. Due to the closed geometry of the dynamic hohlraum, the most convenient way to diagnose the radiation symmetry is to image the x rays from the core of an imploded capsule. However, the core temperatures in the prior experiments were not high enough to obtain images. Using numerical simulations we have redesigned the dynamic hohlraum to obtain higher capsule core temperatures. This has enabled us to obtain x-ray pinhole images and Ar K-shell spectra from the imploded cores of 1.7-2.0 mm diameter CH-wall capsules filled with either D-2 or CD4 and doped with a small amount of Ar. These capsules absorbed approximately 20 kJ of x-ray energy from the radiation drive, which peaked at a temperature of about 200 eV. Core temperatures of approximately 1 keV were inferred from the Ar spectrum. Our present understanding of the physics of dynamic hohlraums is presented along with our plans to improve this system. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Slutz, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1875 EP 1882 DI 10.1063/1.1565117 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200046 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Remington, BA Robey, HF Cook, AW Glendinning, SG Dimits, A Buckingham, AC Zimmerman, GB Burke, EW Peyser, TA Cabot, W Eliason, D AF Zhou, Y Remington, BA Robey, HF Cook, AW Glendinning, SG Dimits, A Buckingham, AC Zimmerman, GB Burke, EW Peyser, TA Cabot, W Eliason, D TI Progress in understanding turbulent mixing induced by Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; INERTIAL RANGE; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; ROTATING TURBULENCE; TRANSITION; FLOWS; ACCELERATION; SIMULATION; CLOSURES AB Turbulent hydrodynamic mixing induced by the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) and Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instabilities occurs in settings as varied as exploding stars (supernovae), inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsule implosions, and macroscopic flows in fluid dynamics facilities such as shock tubes. Turbulence theory and modeling have been applied to RT and RM induced flows and developed into a quantitative description of turbulence from the onset to the asymptotic end-state. The treatment, based on a combined approach of theory, direct numerical simulation (DNS), and experimental data analysis, has broad generality. Three areas of progress will be reported. First, a robust, easy to apply criteria will be reported for the mixing transition in a time-dependent flow. This allows an assessment of whether flows, be they from supernova explosions or ICF experiments, should be mixed down to the molecular scale or not. Second, through DNS, the structure, scaling, and spectral evolution of the RT instability induced flow will be inspected. Finally, using these new physical insights, a two-scale, dynamic mix model has been developed that can be applied to simulations of ICF experiments and astrophysics situations alike. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhou, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 62 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1883 EP 1896 DI 10.1063/1.1560923 PN 2 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200047 ER PT J AU Tanaka, KA Kodama, R Mima, K Kitagawa, Y Fujita, H Miyanaga, N Nagai, K Norimatsu, T Sato, T Sentoku, Y Shigemori, K Sunahara, A Shozaki, T Tanpo, M Tohyama, S Yabuuchi, T Zheng, J Yamanaka, T Norreys, PA Evanse, R Zepf, M Krushelnic, K Dangor, A Stephens, R Hatchett, S Tabak, M Turner, R AF Tanaka, KA Kodama, R Mima, K Kitagawa, Y Fujita, H Miyanaga, N Nagai, K Norimatsu, T Sato, T Sentoku, Y Shigemori, K Sunahara, A Shozaki, T Tanpo, M Tohyama, S Yabuuchi, T Zheng, J Yamanaka, T Norreys, PA Evanse, R Zepf, M Krushelnic, K Dangor, A Stephens, R Hatchett, S Tabak, M Turner, R TI Basic and integrated studies for fast ignition SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID LASER; FUSION AB Basic and integrated studies are conducted on fast ignition (FI) using various large laser systems. A Peta watt (PW) laser system is used to study the basic elements relevant to FI and can also be injected to a compressed core to test the FI integrated experiment when coupled with a GEKKO twelve laser beam system. Using a spherical target inserted with a Au cone guide for the PW laser pulse, an imploded core is heated up to 1 keV resulting in neutron increase 1000 times more than that without heating pulse. Details of the implosion are examined at the Omega laser system of this type target with indirect implosion scheme and are compared with simulation results. LASNEX simulation indicates that a 400 g/c.c. high density core could be achieved with this scheme at 1.8 MJ laser input. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka, Japan. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BZ, England. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tanaka, KA (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka, Japan. RI Nagai, Keiji/E-5155-2014; Zepf, Matt/M-1232-2014; Miyanaga, Noriaki/F-1340-2015; Norimatsu, Takayoshi/I-5710-2015; Shigemori, Keisuke/B-3262-2013; Mima, Kunioki/H-9014-2016; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016; Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014; OI Miyanaga, Noriaki/0000-0002-9902-5392; Shigemori, Keisuke/0000-0002-3978-8427; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141; SUNAHARA, ATSUSHI/0000-0001-7543-5226 NR 20 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1925 EP 1930 DI 10.1063/1.1567722 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200051 ER PT J AU Glendinning, SG Bolstad, J Braun, DG Edwards, MJ Hsing, WW Lasinski, BF Louis, H Miles, A Moreno, J Peyser, TA Remington, BA Robey, HF Turano, EJ Verdon, CP Zhou, Y AF Glendinning, SG Bolstad, J Braun, DG Edwards, MJ Hsing, WW Lasinski, BF Louis, H Miles, A Moreno, J Peyser, TA Remington, BA Robey, HF Turano, EJ Verdon, CP Zhou, Y TI Effect of shock proximity on Richtmyer-Meshkov growth SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; SINGLE-MODE; INSTABILITY; INTERFEROMETER; PERTURBATION; INTERFACE; DRIVEN; LASER AB Experiments conducted on the Omega laser [T. R. Boehly , Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] and simulations show reduced Richtmyer-Meshkov growth rates in a strongly shocked system with initial amplitudes keta(0)less than or equal to0.9. The growth rate at early time is less than half the impulsive model prediction, rising at later time to near the impulsive prediction. An analytical model that accounts for shock proximity agrees with the results. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Glendinning, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1931 EP 1936 DI 10.1063/1.1562165 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200052 ER PT J AU Sangster, TC Delettrez, JA Epstein, R Glebov, VY Goncharov, VN Harding, DR Knauer, JP Keck, RL Kilkenny, JD Loucks, SJ Lund, LD McCrory, RL McKenty, PW Marshall, FJ Meyerhofer, DD Morse, SFB Regan, SP Radha, PB Roberts, S Seka, W Skupsky, S Smalyuk, VA Sorce, C Soures, JM Stoeckl, C Thorp, K Frenje, JA Li, CK Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH Fletcher, KA Padalino, S Freeman, C Izumi, N Koch, JA Lerche, RA Moran, MJ Phillips, TW Schmid, GJ AF Sangster, TC Delettrez, JA Epstein, R Glebov, VY Goncharov, VN Harding, DR Knauer, JP Keck, RL Kilkenny, JD Loucks, SJ Lund, LD McCrory, RL McKenty, PW Marshall, FJ Meyerhofer, DD Morse, SFB Regan, SP Radha, PB Roberts, S Seka, W Skupsky, S Smalyuk, VA Sorce, C Soures, JM Stoeckl, C Thorp, K Frenje, JA Li, CK Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH Fletcher, KA Padalino, S Freeman, C Izumi, N Koch, JA Lerche, RA Moran, MJ Phillips, TW Schmid, GJ TI Direct-drive cryogenic target implosion performance on OMEGA SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; CONFINEMENT FUSION-TARGETS; NEUTRON-YIELD MEASUREMENTS; CURRENT-MODE DETECTORS; X-RAY MICROSCOPE; LASER FUSION; TIME; COMPRESSION; CAPSULES; SPECTRA AB Layered and characterized cryogenic D(2) capsules have been imploded using both low- and high-adiabat (alpha, the ratio of the electron pressure to the Fermi-degenerate pressure) pulse shapes on the 60-beam OMEGA laser system [T. R. Boehly , Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE). These experiments measure the sensitivity of the direct-drive implosion performance to parameters such as the inner-ice-surface roughness, the adiabat of the cryogenic fuel during the implosion, the laser power balance, and the single-beam nonuniformity. The goal of the direct-drive program at LLE is to demonstrate a high neutron-averaged fuel rhoR at a significant fraction of the predicted one-dimensional (1-D) neutron yield using an energy-scaled, low-adiabat (alphasimilar to3) ignition pulse shape driving a hydrodynamically scaled deuterium-tritium ignition capsule. New results are reported from implosions of similar to920-mum-diam, thin (similar to5 mum) polymer shells containing 100 mum D(2)-ice layers with characterized inner-surface ice roughness of 3-12 mum rms. These capsules have been imploded using similar to17-23 kJ of 351 nm laser light with a beam-to-beam rms energy imbalance of less than 5% and full beam smoothing [1 THz bandwidth, two-dimensional (2-D) smoothing by spectral dispersion and polarization smoothing]. Near-1-D performance has been measured for a high-adiabat (alphasimilar to25) drive pulse, and the implosion performance with a low-adiabat (alphasimilar to4) pulse is in agreement with 2-D hydrocode predictions. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14623 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sangster, TC (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Goncharov, Valeri/H-4471-2011; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1937 EP 1945 DI 10.1063/1.1565116 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200053 ER PT J AU Kronberg, PP AF Kronberg, PP TI Galaxies and the magnetization of intergalactic space SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID BLACK-HOLES; PRIMEVAL GALAXIES; RADIO-EMISSION; COMA CLUSTER; FIELDS; ENERGY; EXTRACTION; GENERATION; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION AB There is increasing evidence that widespread magnetic fields in the intergalactic medium (IGM) originate in galaxies. Up to now the field strengths have been easiest to estimate where the ambient intergalactic (i.g.) nonrelativistic gas density is highest, i.e., in galaxy clusters, the gravitational "sinks" of large scale matter flows. Intracluster gas densities reach 10(-3)-10(-2) cm(-3), and magnetic field strength estimates range from 1 to 40 muG. For much of the intracluster volume the plasma betasimilar to1, a consequence of the intracluster magnetic field measurements, and x-ray-determined densities and temperatures of the thermal intracluster (ic) gas. While these ic gas densities represent an impressively good vacuum by terrestrial standards, they are still about 1000x more than in the general IGM. The logical next question is: Are there significant magnetic fields in the wider IGM beyond clusters? Recent, preliminary estimates in i.g. zones beyond, but not far from clusters are 10(-6)-10(-7) G. Integrating this field strength over a typical intergalaxy separation volume gives an average magnetic energy density within the "walls and filaments" of intergalactic space of similar to10(-15) B-6.5 ergs cm(-3). Interestingly, for B(ig)similar to3x10(-7) G, and plausible values of n(ig)similar to5x10(-6) cm(-3), and T(ig)similar to10(8) K-the intergalactic plasma beta may be within a factor 10 of unity, roughly comparable to beta within the similar to10(3) times denser medium in galaxy clusters. It is now widely accepted that the only plausible energy source for these intergalactic fields is gravitational, e.g., not the aggregate thermonuclear energy from stars. Two sufficiently large gravitational energy reservoirs are (1) the kinetic energy from large scale intergalactic matter flows, and (2) the gravitational binding energy of supermassive black holes that have been found to be nearly ubiquitous in the nuclei of medium-to-large galaxies. This paper focuses mostly on (2), and also discusses why the largest radio sources are the best independent calibrators, and calorimeters of magnetic energy release into i.g. space from individual galaxy systems. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kronberg, PP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 1985 EP 1991 DI 10.1063/1.1562164 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200059 ER PT J AU Kishek, RA Bernal, S Bohn, CL Grote, D Haber, I Li, H O'Shea, PG Reiser, M Walter, M AF Kishek, RA Bernal, S Bohn, CL Grote, D Haber, I Li, H O'Shea, PG Reiser, M Walter, M TI Simulations and experiments with space-charge-dominated beams SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID ELECTRON-RING UMER AB Beams in which space charge forces are stronger than the force from thermal pressure are nonneutral plasmas, since particles interact mostly via the long-range collective potential. An ever-increasing number of applications demand such high-brightness beams. The University of Maryland Electron Ring [P. G. O'Shea , Nucl. Instrum Methods Phys. Res. A 464, 646 (2001)], currently under construction, is designed for studying the physics of space-charge-dominated beams. Indirect ways of measuring beam emittance near the UMER source produced conflicting results, which were resolved only when a direct measurement of phase space indicated a hollow velocity distribution. Comparison to self-consistent simulation using the particle-in-cell code WARP [D. P. Grote , Fusion Eng. Design 32-33, 193 (1996)] revealed sensitivity to the initial velocity distribution. Since the beam is born with nonuniformities and granularity, dissipation mechanisms and rates are of interest. Simulations found that phase mixing by means of chaotic particle orbits is possible in certain situations, and proceeds much faster than Landau damping. The implications for using beams to model other N-body systems are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kishek, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ramiak@ebte.umd.edu RI Bernal, Santiago/B-8167-2017 OI Bernal, Santiago/0000-0001-8287-6601 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2016 EP 2021 DI 10.1063/1.1558291 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200063 ER PT J AU Bruhwiler, DL Dimitrov, DA Cary, JR Esarey, E Leemans, W Giacone, RE AF Bruhwiler, DL Dimitrov, DA Cary, JR Esarey, E Leemans, W Giacone, RE TI Particle-in-cell simulations of tunneling ionization effects in plasma-based accelerators SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID GEV ELECTRON-BEAM; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; BARRIER-SUPPRESSION; FIELD-IONIZATION; LASER-PULSES; LONG PLASMA; DYNAMICS; ENERGY; FRONTS; RAMAN AB Plasma-based accelerators can sustain accelerating gradients on the order of 100 GV/m. If the plasma is not fully ionized, fields of this magnitude will ionize neutral atoms via electron tunneling, which can completely change the dynamics of the plasma wake. Particle-in-cell simulations of a high-field plasma wakefield accelerator, using the OOPIC code [D. L. Bruhwiler , Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 4, 101302 (2001)], which includes field-induced tunneling ionization of neutral Li gas, show that the presence of even moderate neutral gas density significantly degrades the quality of the wakefield. The tunneling ionization model in OOPIC has been validated via a detailed comparison with experimental data from the l'OASIS laboratory [W.P. Leemans , Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 174802 (2002)]. The properties of a wake generated directly from a neutral gas are studied, showing that one can recover the peak fields of the fully ionized plasma simulations, if the density of the electron drive bunch is increased such that the bunch rapidly ionizes the gas. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tech X Corp, 5541 Cent Ave,Suite 135, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. OI Bruhwiler, David/0000-0002-2318-8494 NR 36 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2022 EP 2030 DI 10.1063/1.1566027 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200064 ER PT J AU Rocca, JJ Hammarsten, EC Jankowska, E Filevich, J Marconi, MC Moon, S Shlyaptsev, VN AF Rocca, JJ Hammarsten, EC Jankowska, E Filevich, J Marconi, MC Moon, S Shlyaptsev, VN TI Application of extremely compact capillary discharge soft x-ray lasers to dense plasma diagnostics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID ELECTRON-DENSITY; TABLETOP LASER; PINCH DISCHARGE; INTERFEROMETRY; NM; AMPLIFIER; DYNAMICS AB Table-top capillary discharge soft x-ray lasers combine the advantages of a small size and a high repetition rate with an extremely high brightness similar to that of their laboratory-size predecessors. When utilized to probe high density plasmas their short wavelength results in a higher critical density, reduced refraction, decreased free-electron absorption, and higher resolution as compared to optical probes. These characteristics allow the design of experiments capable of measuring the evolution of plasmas with density-scale length products that are outside the reach of optical lasers. This paper reviews the use of a 46.9 nm wavelength Ne-like Ar capillary discharge table-top laser in dense plasma diagnostics, and reports soft x-ray laser interferometry results of spot-focus Nd:YAG laser plasmas created at moderate irradiation intensity (similar to7x10(12) W cm(-2)) with similar to13 ns pulse width duration laser pulses. The measurements produced electron density maps with densities up to 0.9x10(21) cm(-3) that show the development of a concave electron density profile that differ significantly from those of a classical expansion. This two-dimensional behavior, that was recently also observed in line-focus plasmas, is analyzed here for the case of spot-focus plasmas with the assistance of hydrodynamic model simulations. The results demonstrate the use of a table-top soft x-ray laser interferometer as a new high resolution tool for the study of high density plasma phenomena and the validation of hydrodynamic codes. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley Livermore, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Wroclaw Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Wroclaw, Poland. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Phys, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2031 EP 2038 DI 10.1063/1.1557056 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200065 ER PT J AU Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Geddes, CGR Toth, C Shadwick, BA van Tilborg, J Faure, J Leemans, WP AF Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Geddes, CGR Toth, C Shadwick, BA van Tilborg, J Faure, J Leemans, WP TI Frequency chirp and pulse shape effects in self-modulated laser wakefield accelerators SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; PLASMA CHANNELS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; NONLINEAR OPTICS; TENUOUS PLASMAS; GENERATION; BEAMS; INSTABILITIES; PROPAGATION; IONIZATION AB The effect of asymmetric laser pulses on plasma wave excitation in a self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator is examined. Laser pulse shape and frequency chirp asymmetries, controlled experimentally in the laser system through a grating pair compressor, are shown to strongly enhance measured electron yields for certain asymmetries. It is shown analytically that a positive (negative) frequency chirp enhances (suppresses) the growth rate of the Raman forward scattering and near-forward Raman sidescatter instabilities, but is of minimal importance for the experimental parameters. Temporal laser pulse shapes with fast rise times (less than or similar to plasma period) are shown to generate larger wakes (compared to slow rise time pulses) which seed the growth of the plasma wave, resulting in enhanced electron yield. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Eindhoven, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Schroeder, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 37 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2039 EP 2046 DI 10.1063/1.1560614 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200066 ER PT J AU Back, CA Davis, J Grun, J Suter, LJ Landen, OL Hsing, WW Miller, MC AF Back, CA Davis, J Grun, J Suter, LJ Landen, OL Hsing, WW Miller, MC TI Multi-keV x-ray conversion efficiency in laser-produced plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID PULSE-WIDTH; ABLATION; EMISSION; IGNITION; TARGETS AB X-ray sources are created at the Nova and Omega laser by irradiating a confined volume of Ar and Xe gas. The gas is heated by 20-35 kJ of 0.35 mum laser light and becomes a highly ionized mm-sized x-ray source which emits K-shell or L-shell x rays. The radiator is "underdense," meaning that the initial electron density is lower than the critical density of the laser, n(c)similar to10(22) cm(-3). It is heated primarily by inverse bremsstrahlung, which produces a supersonic ionization wave. In this paper, x-ray conversion efficiency and imaging from time-resolved and time-integrated diagnostics are compared over a range of experimental parameters. This work represents an important, new method for development of efficient, large-area, tailored multi-keV x-ray sources. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Back, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-21,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2047 EP 2055 DI 10.1063/1.1566750 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200067 ER PT J AU Celata, CM Bieniosek, FM Henestroza, E Kwan, JW Lee, EP Logan, G Prost, L Seidl, PA Vay, JL Waldron, WL Yu, SS Barnard, JJ Callahan, DA Cohen, RH Friedman, A Grote, DP Lund, SM Molvik, A Sharp, WM Westenskow, G Davidson, RC Efthimion, P Gilson, E Grisham, LR Kaganovich, I Qin, H Startsev, EA Bernal, S Cui, Y Feldman, D Godlove, TF Haber, I Harris, J Kishek, RA Li, H O'Shea, PG Quinn, B Reiser, M Valfells, A Walter, M Zou, Y Rose, DV Welch, DR AF Celata, CM Bieniosek, FM Henestroza, E Kwan, JW Lee, EP Logan, G Prost, L Seidl, PA Vay, JL Waldron, WL Yu, SS Barnard, JJ Callahan, DA Cohen, RH Friedman, A Grote, DP Lund, SM Molvik, A Sharp, WM Westenskow, G Davidson, RC Efthimion, P Gilson, E Grisham, LR Kaganovich, I Qin, H Startsev, EA Bernal, S Cui, Y Feldman, D Godlove, TF Haber, I Harris, J Kishek, RA Li, H O'Shea, PG Quinn, B Reiser, M Valfells, A Walter, M Zou, Y Rose, DV Welch, DR TI Progress in heavy ion fusion research SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID BEAM; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB The U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion program has recently commissioned several new experiments. In the High Current Experiment [P. A. Seidl , Laser Part. Beams 20, 435 (2003)], a single low-energy beam with driver-scale charge-per-unit-length and space-charge potential is being used to study the limits to transportable current posed by nonlinear fields and secondary atoms, ions, and electrons. The Neutralized Transport Experiment similarly employs a low-energy beam with driver-scale perveance to study final focus of high perveance beams and neutralization for transport in the target chamber. Other scaled experiments-the University of Maryland Electron Ring [P. G. O'Shea , accepted for publication in Laser Part. Beams] and the Paul Trap Simulator Experiment [R. C. Davidson, H. Qin, and G. Shvets, Phys. Plasmas 7, 1020 (2000)]-will provide fundamental physics results on processes with longer scale lengths. An experiment to test a new injector concept is also in the design stage. This paper will describe the goals and status of these experiments, as well as progress in theory and simulation. A proposed future proof-of-principle experiment, the Integrated Beam Experiment, will also be described. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. RP Celata, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bernal, Santiago/B-8167-2017 OI Bernal, Santiago/0000-0001-8287-6601 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2064 EP 2070 DI 10.1063/1.1560611 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200069 ER PT J AU Qin, H AF Qin, H TI Nonlinear delta f simulations of collective effects in intense charged particle beams SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys ID 2-STREAM INSTABILITY; STABILITY THEOREM; STORAGE-RINGS; PSR AB A nonlinear deltaf particle simulation method based on the Vlasov-Maxwell equations has been recently developed to study collective processes in high-intensity beams, where space-charge and magnetic self-field effects play a critical role in determining the nonlinear beam dynamics. Implemented in the Beam Equilibrium, Stability and Transport (BEST) code [H. Qin, R. C. Davidson, and W. W. Lee, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 3, 084401 (2000); 3, 109901 (2000)], the nonlinear deltaf method provides a low-noise and self-consistent tool for simulating collective interactions and nonlinear dynamics of high-intensity beams in modern and next generation accelerators and storage rings, such as the Spallation Neutron Source and heavy ion fusion drivers. A wide range of linear eigenmodes of high intensity charged particle beams can be systematically studied using the BEST code. Simulation results for the electron-proton two-stream instability in the Proton Storage Ring experiment [R. Macek , in Proceedings of the Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, 2001 (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2001), Vol. 1, p. 688] at the Los Alamos National Laboratory agree well with experimental observations. Large-scale parallel simulations have also been carried out for the ion-electron two-stream instability in the very-high-intensity heavy ion beams envisioned for heavy ion fusion applications. In both cases, the simulation results indicate that the dominant two-stream instability has a dipole-mode (hose-like) structure and can be stabilized by a modest axial momentum spread of the beam particles. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2078 EP 2086 DI 10.1063/1.1559008 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200071 ER PT J AU Kruer, WL AF Kruer, WL TI Laser plasma interactions with intensities from 10(12)-10(21) W/cm(2) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID ABSORPTION; INSTABILITIES; WAVES; LIGHT AB A tutorial introduction is given to some important physics and current challenges in laser plasma interactions. The topics are chosen to illustrate a few of John Dawson's many pioneering contributions to the physics and modeling of plasmas. In each case, a current frontier is also briefly discussed, including the 0.53 mum option for laser fusion, kinetic inflation of instability levels, and new regimes accessed with ultra-high-power lasers. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kruer, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2087 EP 2092 DI 10.1063/1.1559005 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200072 ER PT J AU Kline, JL Balkey, MM Keiter, PA Scime, EE Keesee, AM Sun, X Hardin, R Compton, C Boivin, RF Zintl, MW AF Kline, JL Balkey, MM Keiter, PA Scime, EE Keesee, AM Sun, X Hardin, R Compton, C Boivin, RF Zintl, MW TI Ion dynamics in helicon sources SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS; TRIVELPIECE-GOULD MODES; TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; PLASMA; DISCHARGE; FLOW; RESONANCE AB Recent experiments have demonstrated that phenomena associated with ion dynamics, such as the lower hybrid resonance, play an important role in helicon source operation. In this work, a review of recent ion heating measurements and the role of the slow wave in heating ions at the edge of helicon sources is presented. The relationship between parametrically driven waves and ion heating near the rf antenna in helicon sources is also discussed. Recent measurements of parallel and rotational ion flows in helicon sources are presented and the implications for particle confinement, instability growth, and helicon source operation are reviewed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sci Applicat & Res Associates Inc, Huntington Beach, CA 92649 USA. RP Kline, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Keiter, Paul/J-3037-2013; Keesee, Amy/J-8194-2014 OI Keesee, Amy/0000-0002-9719-3229 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2127 EP 2135 DI 10.1063/1.1563260 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200077 ER PT J AU Tracy, ER Kaufman, AN Brizard, AJ AF Tracy, ER Kaufman, AN Brizard, AJ TI Ray-based methods in multidimensional linear wave conversion SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma ID MODE-CONVERSION; NONUNIFORM MEDIA; EIKONAL THEORY; NORMAL FORMS; FORMULATION; EQUATIONS; RESONANCE; EMISSION; INDEXES; PLASMA AB A tutorial introduction to the topic of linear wave conversion in multiple spatial dimensions is provided. The emphasis is on physical concepts, particularly those features of multidimensional conversion that are new and different from the more familiar "mode conversion" problem in one spatial dimension. After introductory comments, a brief review of WKB theory for vector wave equations in the absence of conversion is provided in order to introduce notation, terminology, and geometrical ideas. A primary theme of the discussion is that, although WKB (ray-based) methods break down in conversion regions, the ray geometry in the conversion region can be used to develop local wave equations that govern the two coupled wave channels undergoing conversion. These methods can be incorporated into ray-tracing algorithms providing, for the first time, the ability to follow the "ray splitting" associated with linear conversion in multidimensions, including the amplitude and phase changes associated with the conversion. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. St Michaels Coll, Dept Phys, Colchester, VT 05439 USA. RP Tracy, ER (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. OI Brizard, Alain/0000-0002-0192-6273 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 2147 EP 2154 DI 10.1063/1.1543579 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 671DN UT WOS:000182450200080 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI Deserving better science SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD MAY PY 2003 VL 16 IS 5 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 682AZ UT WOS:000183069200017 ER PT J AU Grande, M Browning, R Waltham, N Parker, D Dunkin, SK Kent, B Kellett, B Perry, CH Swinyard, B Perry, A Feraday, J Howe, C McBride, G Phillips, K Huovelin, J Muhli, P Hakala, PJ Vilhu, O Laukkanen, J Thomas, N Hughes, D Alleyne, H Grady, M Lundin, R Barabash, S Baker, D Clark, PE Murray, CD Guest, J Casanova, I d'Uston, LC Maurice, S Foing, B Heather, DJ Fernandes, V Muinonen, K Russell, SS Christou, A Owen, C Charles, P Koskinen, H Kato, M Sipila, K Nenonen, S Holmstrom, M Bhandari, N Elphic, R Lawrence, D AF Grande, M Browning, R Waltham, N Parker, D Dunkin, SK Kent, B Kellett, B Perry, CH Swinyard, B Perry, A Feraday, J Howe, C McBride, G Phillips, K Huovelin, J Muhli, P Hakala, PJ Vilhu, O Laukkanen, J Thomas, N Hughes, D Alleyne, H Grady, M Lundin, R Barabash, S Baker, D Clark, PE Murray, CD Guest, J Casanova, I d'Uston, LC Maurice, S Foing, B Heather, DJ Fernandes, V Muinonen, K Russell, SS Christou, A Owen, C Charles, P Koskinen, H Kato, M Sipila, K Nenonen, S Holmstrom, M Bhandari, N Elphic, R Lawrence, D TI The D-CIXS X-ray mapping spectrometer on SMART-1 SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The D-CIXS Compact X-ray Spectrometer will provide high quality spectroscopic mapping of the Moon, the primary science target of the ESA SMART-1 mission. D-CIXS consists of a high throughput spectrometer, which will perform spatially localised X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. It will also carry a solar monitor, to provide the direct calibration needed to produce a global map of absolute lunar elemental abundances, the first time this has been done. Thus it will achieve ground breaking science within a resource envelope far smaller than previously thought possible for this type of instrument, by exploiting two new technologies, swept charge devices and micro-structure collimators. The new technology does not require cold running, with its associated overheads to the spacecraft. At the same time it will demonstrate a radically novel approach to building a type of instrument essential for the BepiColombo mission and potential future planetary science targets. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Helsinki Observ, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Tuorla Observ, FIN-21500 Piikkio, Finland. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ London Queen Mary Coll, London E1 4NS, England. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona 08034, Spain. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. ESA, Res & Sci Support Dept, Estec, SCI SR, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Metorex Int Oy, FIN-02631 Espoo, Finland. Phys Res Lab, Planetary & Geosci Grp, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM m.grande@rl.ac.uk RI Fernandes, Vera/B-4653-2013; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013; Koskinen, Hannu/B-4971-2017; Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; McBride, Geoff/A-5899-2010; OI Fernandes, Vera/0000-0003-0848-9229; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618; Koskinen, Hannu/0000-0003-3839-6461; Casanova, Ignasi/0000-0003-0462-4147; Grady, Monica/0000-0002-4055-533X; Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Huovelin, Juhani/0000-0002-6276-5776 NR 9 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 51 IS 6 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(03)00020-5 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 682JK UT WOS:000183088200009 ER PT J AU Dunkin, SK Grande, M Casanova, I Fernandes, V Heather, DJ Kellett, B Muinonen, K Russell, SS Browning, R Waltham, N Parker, D Kent, B Perry, CH Swinyard, B Perry, A Feraday, J Howe, C Phillips, K McBride, G Huovelin, J Muhli, P Hakala, PJ Vilhu, O Thomas, N Hughes, D Alleyne, H Grady, M Lundin, R Barabash, S Baker, D Clark, PE Murray, CD Guest, J d'Uston, LC Maurice, S Foing, B Christou, A Owen, C Charles, P Laukkanen, J Koskinen, H Kato, M Sipila, K Nenonen, S Holmstrom, M Bhandari, N Elphic, R Lawrence, D AF Dunkin, SK Grande, M Casanova, I Fernandes, V Heather, DJ Kellett, B Muinonen, K Russell, SS Browning, R Waltham, N Parker, D Kent, B Perry, CH Swinyard, B Perry, A Feraday, J Howe, C Phillips, K McBride, G Huovelin, J Muhli, P Hakala, PJ Vilhu, O Thomas, N Hughes, D Alleyne, H Grady, M Lundin, R Barabash, S Baker, D Clark, PE Murray, CD Guest, J d'Uston, LC Maurice, S Foing, B Christou, A Owen, C Charles, P Laukkanen, J Koskinen, H Kato, M Sipila, K Nenonen, S Holmstrom, M Bhandari, N Elphic, R Lawrence, D TI Scientific rationale for the D-CIXS X-ray spectrometer on board ESA's SMART-1 mission to the Moon SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SMART-1; D-CIXS; Moon; X-ray spectroscopy; lunar origin ID POLE AITKEN BASIN; LUNAR; ORIENTALE; MANTLE AB The D-CIXS X-ray spectrometer on ESA's SMART-1 mission will provide the first global coverage of the lunar surface in X-rays, providing absolute measurements of elemental abundances. The instrument will be able to detect elemental Fe, Mg, Al and Si under normal solar conditions and several other elements during solar flare events. These data will allow for advances in several areas of lunar science, including an improved estimate of the bulk composition of the Moon, detailed observations of the lateral and vertical nature of the crust, chemical observations of the maria, investigations into the lunar regolith, and mapping of potential lunar resources. In combination with information to be obtained by the other instruments on SMART-1 and the data already provided by the Clementine and Lunar Prospector missions, this information will allow for a more detailed look at some of the fundamental questions that remain regarding the origin and evolution of the Moon. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona 08034, Spain. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. ESA, Res & Sci Support Dept, Estec, SCI SR, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Helsinki, Univ Helsinki Observ, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. Tuorla Observ, FIN-21500 Piikkio, Finland. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Metorex Int Oy, FIN-02631 Espoo, Finland. Phys Res Lab, Planetary & Geosci Grp, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dunkin, SK (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci & Technol Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM s.k.dunkin@rl.ac.uk RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; McBride, Geoff/A-5899-2010; Fernandes, Vera/B-4653-2013; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013; Koskinen, Hannu/B-4971-2017 OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Huovelin, Juhani/0000-0002-6276-5776; Fernandes, Vera/0000-0003-0848-9229; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618; Koskinen, Hannu/0000-0003-3839-6461 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 51 IS 6 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(03)00019-9 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 682JK UT WOS:000183088200010 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, EA Davey, PA Hymus, GJ Osborne, CP Rogers, A Blum, H Nosberger, J Long, SP AF Ainsworth, EA Davey, PA Hymus, GJ Osborne, CP Rogers, A Blum, H Nosberger, J Long, SP TI Is stimulation of leaf photosynthesis by elevated carbon dioxide concentration maintained in the long term? A test with Lolium perenne grown for 10 years at two nitrogen fertilization levels under Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE) SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric change; Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment; global change; meta-analysis; pasture grass; photosynthesis; Rubisco ID SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS L; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GAS-EXCHANGE; ACCLIMATION; METAANALYSIS; RYEGRASS; TEMPERATURE; PLANTS; SYSTEM AB Photosynthesis is commonly stimulated in grasslands with experimental increases in atmospheric CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]), a physiological response that could significantly alter the future carbon cycle if it persists in the long term.. Yet an acclimation of photosynthetic capacity suggested by theoretical models and short-term experiments could completely remove this effect of CO(2). Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bastion) was grown under an elevated [CO(2)] of 600 mumol mol(-1) for 10 years using Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE), with two contrasting nitrogen levels and abrupt changes in the source: sink ratio following periodic harvests. More than 3000 measurements characterized the response of leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to elevated [CO(2)] across each growing season for the duration of the experiment. Over the 10 years as a whole, growth at elevated [CO(2)] resulted in a 43% higher rate of light-saturated leaf photosynthesis and a 36% increase in daily integral of leaf CO(2) uptake. Photosynthetic stimulation was maintained despite a 30% decrease in stomatal conductance and significant decreases in both the apparent, maximum carboxylation velocity (V(c,max)) and the maximum rate of electron transport (J(max)). Immediately prior to the periodic (every 4-8 weeks) cuts of the L. perenne stands, V(c,max) and J(max), were significantly lower in elevated than in ambient [CO(2)] in the low-nitrogen treatment. This difference was smaller after the cut, suggesting a dependence upon the balance between the sources and sinks for carbon. In contrast with theoretical expectations and the results of shorter duration experiments, the present results provide no significant change in photosynthetic stimulation across a 10-year period, nor greater acclimation in V(c,max) and J(max) in the later years in either nitrogen treatment. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci & Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Essex, Dept Sci Biol, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. ETH, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci & Plant Biol, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu RI Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008 OI Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164 NR 43 TC 95 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 26 IS 5 BP 705 EP 714 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01007.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683KB UT WOS:000183146300006 ER PT J AU Brown, IG Bjornstad, KA Blakely, EA Galvin, JE Monteiro, OR Sangyuenyongpipat, S AF Brown, IG Bjornstad, KA Blakely, EA Galvin, JE Monteiro, OR Sangyuenyongpipat, S TI Growth of large patterned arrays of neurons using plasma methods SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Plasma Physics CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; ION-IMPLANTATION; ARC DEPOSITION; NETWORKS; SURFACE; FILMS AB To understand how large systems of neurons communicate, we need to develop, among other things, methods for growing patterned networks of large numbers of neurons. Success with this challenge will be important to our understanding of how the brain works, as well as to the development of novel kinds of computer architecture that may parallel the organization of the brain. We have investigated the use of metal ion implantation using a vacuum-arc ion source, and plasma deposition with a filtered vacuum-arc system, as a means of forming regions of selective neuronal attachment on surfaces. Lithographic patterns created by treating the surface with ion species that enhance or inhibit neuronal cell attachment allow subsequent proliferation and/or differentiation of the neurons to form desired patterned neural arrays. In the work described here, we used glass microscope slides as substrates, and some of the experiments made use of simple masks to form patterns of ion beam or plasma deposition treated regions. PC-12 rat neurons were then cultured on the treated substrates coated with Type I Collagen, and the growth and differentiation was monitored. Particularly good selective growth was obtained using plasma deposition of diamond-like carbon films of about one hundred Angstroms thickness. Neuron proliferation and the elaboration of dendrites and axons after the addition of nerve growth factor both showed excellent contrast, with prolific growth and differentiation on the treated surfaces and very low growth on the untreated surfaces. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brown, IG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2003 VL 45 IS 5 BP 547 EP 554 AR PII S0741-3335(03)52492-7 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/5/303 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 685JN UT WOS:000183259500004 ER PT J AU Gohil, P Baylor, LR Burrell, KH Casper, TA Doyle, EJ Greenfield, CM Jernigan, TC Kinsey, JE Lasnier, CJ Moyer, RA Murakami, M Rhodes, TL Rudakov, DL Staebler, GM Wang, G Watkins, JG West, WP Zeng, L AF Gohil, P Baylor, LR Burrell, KH Casper, TA Doyle, EJ Greenfield, CM Jernigan, TC Kinsey, JE Lasnier, CJ Moyer, RA Murakami, M Rhodes, TL Rudakov, DL Staebler, GM Wang, G Watkins, JG West, WP Zeng, L TI Recent experimental studies of edge and internal transport barriers in the DIII-D tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Plasma Physics CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA ID HIGH-CONFINEMENT-MODE; L-H TRANSITION; ALCATOR C-MOD; ASDEX UPGRADE; POLOIDAL ROTATION; TURBULENCE; PLASMAS; STABILITY; PEDESTAL; SHEAR AB Results from recent experiments on the DIII-D tokamak have revealed many important details on transport barriers at the plasma edge and in the plasma core. These experiments include: (a) the formation of the H-mode edge barrier directly by pellet injection; (b) the formation of a quiescent H-mode edge barrier (QH-mode) which is free from edge localized modes, but which still exhibits good density and radiative power control; (c) the formation of multiple transport barriers, such as the quiescent double barrier (QDB) which combines an internal transport barrier with the quiescent H-mode edge barrier. Results from the pellet-induced H mode experiments indicate that: (a) the edge temperature (electron or ion) does not need to attain a critical value for the formation of the H-mode barrier, (b) pellet injection leads to an increased gradient in the radial electric field, E-r, at the plasma edge; (c) the experimentally determined edge parameters at barrier transition are well below the predictions of several theories on the formation of the H-mode barrier, (d) pellet injection can lower the threshold power required to form the H-mode barrier. The quiescent H-mode barrier exhibits good density control as the result of continuous magnetohydrodynamic activity at the plasma edge called the edge harmonic oscillation (EHO). The EHO enhances the edge particle transport whilst maintaining a good energy transport barrier. The ability to produce multiple barriers in the QDB regime has led to long duration, high-performance plasmas with beta(N)H(89) values of 7 for up to 10 times the confinement time. Density profile control in the plasma core of QDB plasmas has been demonstrated using on-axis electron cyclotron heating. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Plasma & Fus Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gohil, P (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2003 VL 45 IS 5 BP 601 EP 620 AR PII S0741-3335-(03)52070-X DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/5/307 PG 20 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 685JN UT WOS:000183259500008 ER PT J AU Maingi, R Bell, MG Bell, RE Bialek, J Bourdelle, C Bush, CE Darrow, DS Fredrickson, ED Gates, DA Gilmore, M Gray, T Jarboe, TR Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kubota, S Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Maqueda, RJ Mastrovito, D Medley, SS Menard, JE Mueller, D Nelson, BA Ono, M Paoletti, F Park, HK Paul, SF Peebles, T Peng, YKM Phillips, CK Raman, R Rosenberg, AL Roquemore, AL Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D Swain, DW Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Wilgen, J Wilson, JR Wurden, GA Zweben, SJ AF Maingi, R Bell, MG Bell, RE Bialek, J Bourdelle, C Bush, CE Darrow, DS Fredrickson, ED Gates, DA Gilmore, M Gray, T Jarboe, TR Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kubota, S Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Maqueda, RJ Mastrovito, D Medley, SS Menard, JE Mueller, D Nelson, BA Ono, M Paoletti, F Park, HK Paul, SF Peebles, T Peng, YKM Phillips, CK Raman, R Rosenberg, AL Roquemore, AL Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D Swain, DW Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Wilgen, J Wilson, JR Wurden, GA Zweben, SJ CA NSTX Team TI Recent results from the national spherical torus experiment SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Plasma Physics CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA ID TOKAMAKS; PLASMAS; NSTX AB The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is a low aspect-ratio fusion research facility whose research goal is to make a determination of the attractiveness of the spherical torus concept in the areas of high-P stability, confinement, current drive, and divertor physics. Remarkable progress was made in extending the operational regime of the device in FY 2002. In brief beta(t) of 34% and beta(N) of 6.5 were achieved. H-mode became the main operational regime, and energy confinement exceeded conventional aspect-ratio tokamak scalings. Heating was demonstrated with the radio-frequency antenna, and signatures of current drive were observed. Current initiation with coaxial helicity injection produced discharges of 400kA, and first measurements of divertor heat flux profiles in H-mode were made. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Maingi, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2003 VL 45 IS 5 BP 657 EP 669 AR PII S0741-3335(03)52080-2 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/5/310 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 685JN UT WOS:000183259500011 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Kane, JO Pound, MW Remington, BA AF Ryutov, DD Kane, JO Pound, MW Remington, BA TI Instability of an ablatively-accelerated slab in the case of non-normal irradiation SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LASER; PHOTOEVAPORATION; PHYSICS; CLOUDS; NOVA; M16 AB When a surface of a radiation-absorbing material is illuminated by a sufficiently intense radiation, the gas ablated from the surface produces reactive a force causing an acceleration of the initial matter and setting a stage for instabilities of the Rayleigh-Taylor type. New effects associated with the non-normal incidence of the radiation are analysed. It has been shown that, at large enough tilt, the instability becomes significantly faster than in the 'normal' case and unstable modes acquire finite phase velocity along the surface. The most unstable perturbations are rolls whose orientation depends on the angular distribution of radiation. These results are of interest for laboratory studies of ablation fronts and for the theory of photoevaporation fronts in astrophysics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2003 VL 45 IS 5 BP 769 EP 781 AR PII S0741-3335(03)59323-X DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/5/319 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 685JN UT WOS:000183259500019 ER PT J AU Ramamurthi, B Economou, DJ Kaganovich, ID AF Ramamurthi, B Economou, DJ Kaganovich, ID TI Effect of non-local electron conductivity on power absorption and plasma density profiles in low pressure inductively coupled discharges SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB A self-consistent one-dimensional model was developed to study the effects of non-local electron conductivity on power absorption and plasma density profiles in a planar inductively coupled argon discharge at low pressures (less than or equal to10mTorr). The model consisted of three modules: (1) an electron energy distribution function (EEDF) module to compute the non-Maxwellian EEDF, (2) a non-local electron kinetics module to predict the non-local electron conductivity, radio frequency (RF) current, electric field and power deposition profiles in the non-uniform plasma, and (3) a heavy species transport module to solve for the ion density and velocity profiles as well as the metastable density. Results using the non-local electron conductivity model were compared with predictions of a local theory (Ohm's law), under otherwise identical conditions. The RF current, electric field, and power deposition profiles were very different, especially at 1 mTorr for which the effective electron mean free path was larger than the skin depth. However, the plasma density profiles were almost identical (within 10%) for the same total power deposition in the plasma. This result suggests that, for computing plasma density profiles, a local conductivity model (Ohm's law), with much reduced computational expense, may be employed even in the non-local regime. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Plasma Proc Lab, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ramamurthi, B (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem Engn, Plasma Proc Lab, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 170 EP 181 AR PII S0963-0252(03)59585-8 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/12/2/308 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 688XE UT WOS:000183461900008 ER PT J AU Back, B AF Back, B CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI A first look at Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies using the PHOBOS detector SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL JAIPUR, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci DE charged particle multiplicity; ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions ID PLUS AU COLLISIONS; ULTRARELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV; PSEUDORAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; EXCITATION-FUNCTION; PB COLLISIONS; MID-RAPIDITY AB The PHOBOS detector has been used to study Au + Au collisions at roots(NN) = 56, 130, and 200 GeV. Several global observables have been measured and the results are compared with theoretical models. These observables include the charged-particle multiplicity measured as a function of beam energy, pseudo-rapidity, and centrality of the collision. A unique feature of the PHOBOS detector is its almost complete angular coverage such that these quantities can be studied over a pseudo-rapidity. interval of \eta\ less than or equal to 5.4. This allows for an almost complete integration of the total charged particle yield, which is found to be about N-ch(tot) = 4200 +/- 470 at roots(NN) = 130 GeV and N-ch(tot) = 5300 +/- 530 at roots(NN) = 200 GeV. h The ratio of anti-particles to particles emitted in the mid-rapidity region has also been measured using the PHOBOS magnetic spectrometer. Of particular interest is the ratio of anti-protons to protons in the mid-rapidity region, which was found to be (p) over bar /p = 0.6 +/- 0.04(stat) +/- 0.06(syst) at roots(NN) = 130 GeV. This high value suggests that an almost baryon-free region has been produced in the collisions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM back@anl.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 EI 0973-7111 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 60 IS 5 BP 921 EP 931 DI 10.1007/BF02707011 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 684CB UT WOS:000183186900007 ER PT J AU Christie, W AF Christie, W CA STAR Collaboration TI Single inclusive spectra, Hanburg-Brown-Twiss and elliptic flow: A consistent picture at relativistic heavy-ion collider? SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL JAIPUR, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci ID PLUS AU COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV; ANISOTROPIC FLOW; AU+AU COLLISIONS; AZIMUTHAL; INTERFEROMETRY; EXPANSION; MOTION; ENERGY AB In these proceedings we will present the preliminary identified single inclusive particle spectra, the identified particle elliptic flow and the HBT vs. the reaction plane measured with the STAR detector at RHIC. So far none of the theoretical space-time models have been able to describe the combination of these measurements consistently. In order to see if our measurements can be understood in the context of a simple hydro-motivated blast wave model we extract the relevant parameters for this model, and show that it leads to a consistent description of these observables. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, STAR Collaborat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Christie, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, STAR Collaborat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 60 IS 5 BP 945 EP 951 DI 10.1007/BF02707013 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 684CB UT WOS:000183186900009 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JP AF Sullivan, JP CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Global variables and identified hadrons in the PHENIX experiment SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL JAIPUR, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci DE relativistic heavy-ion collider; global variables; fluctuations; two-pion correlations ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; BY-EVENT FLUCTUATIONS; GEV AU+AU COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PION INTERFEROMETRY; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV; DEPENDENCE AB PHENIX measurements related to global variables and identified hadrons are discussed. These include two-pion correlations, elliptic flow, and dN/deta. Measurements of event-by-event fluctuations in mean transverse momentum, mean transverse energy, and net charge are presented for particles within the PHENIX acceptance. The centrality dependence of these measurements is also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sullivan, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-25,MS-H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Sullivan@lanl.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 EI 0973-7111 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 60 IS 5 BP 953 EP 963 DI 10.1007/BF02707014 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 684CB UT WOS:000183186900010 ER PT J AU Velkovska, J AF Velkovska, J CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Identified hadron production in root s=130 GeV Au-Au collisions at relativistic heavy-ion collider SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL JAIPUR, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci DE identified hadrons; relativistic heavy-ion collider ID CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; AU+AU COLLISIONS; MULTIPLICITY; SPECTRA; ENERGY; FLOW AB Identified pi(+/-), K+/-, p and (p) over bar transverse momentum spectra at mid-rapidity in roots(NN) = 130 GeV Au-Au collisions were measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC as a function of collision centrality. Average transverse momenta increase with the number of participating nucleons (N-part) similarly for all particle species. The multiplicity densities scale faster than N-part, The K+/- and p(+/-) yields per participant increase faster than the pi(+/-) yields. We combine the PHENIX neutral and charged pion measurement and find that in central collisions for p(T) greater than or equal to 2 GeV/c, (p) over bar and p yields are comparable to or even exceed the pion yields. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Velkovska, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1015 DI 10.1007/BF02707022 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 684CB UT WOS:000183186900018 ER PT J AU Damjanovic, S AF Damjanovic, S CA CERES NA45 Collaboration TI Low-mass lepton pair production in Pb-Au collisions at 40 A center dot GeV SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL JAIPUR, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci DE heavy-ion collisions; lepton pairs ID CERN SPS; ELECTRON AB The CERES/NA45 experiment at the CERN SPS has previously measured e(+)e(-) pair production in 160 A(.)GeV Pb-Au collisions. In the mass region m > 0.2 GeV/c(2), an enhancement of 2.7 +/- 0.4(stat.)+/-0.5(syst.) compared to the expectation from known hadronic decay sources was observed. In the 40 A(.)GeV data taken in 1999, an enhancement is again found; a preliminary analysis gives an even larger value of 5.0 +/- 1.3(stat.). The results are compared to theoretical model calculations based on pi(+)pi(-) annihilation with a modified rho-propagator; they may be related to chiral symmetry restoration. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, NPI, Rez, Czech Republic. GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Dubna, Russia. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Damjanovic, S (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, NPI, Rez, Czech Republic. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1067 EP 1072 DI 10.1007/BF02707032 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 684CB UT WOS:000183186900028 ER PT J AU Hirano, T Morita, K Muroya, S Nonaka, C AF Hirano, T Morita, K Muroya, S Nonaka, C TI Analysis of one- and two-particle spectra at RHIC based on a hydrodynamical model SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon Plasma CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL JAIPUR, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci DE relativistic heavy-ion collisions; quark-gluon plasma; hydrodynamical model; two-particle correlations ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV; AU+AU COLLISIONS; ART. AB We calculate the one-particle hadronic spectra and correlation functions of pions based on a hydrodynamical model. Parameters in the model are so chosen that the one-particle spectra reproduce experimental results of roots = 130 A(.)GeV Au + Au collisions at RHIC. Based on the numerical solution, we discuss the space-time evolution of the fluid. Two-pion correlation functions are also discussed. Our numerical solution suggests the formation of the quark-gluon plasma with large volume and low net baryon density. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Waseda Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Tokuyama Womens Coll, Tokuyama, Yamaguchi 7458511, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, IMC, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398521, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, BNL Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Hirano, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM kmorita@mn.waseda.ac.jp RI Morita, Kenji/R-8116-2016 OI Morita, Kenji/0000-0001-6272-1290 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 EI 0973-7111 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1103 EP 1106 DI 10.1007/BF02707039 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 684CB UT WOS:000183186900035 ER PT J AU Ting, DZY Cartoixa, X Chow, DH Moon, JS Smith, DL McGill, TC Schulman, JN AF Ting, DZY Cartoixa, X Chow, DH Moon, JS Smith, DL McGill, TC Schulman, JN TI Rashba effect resonant tunneling spin filters SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE interband tunneling; Rashba effect; resonant tunneling; spin filter ID QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES; INVERSION ASYMMETRY; INJECTION; RELAXATION; EFFICIENT; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB We propose an InAs/GaSb/AlSb-based asymmetric resonant interband tunneling diode (a-RITD) as a spin filter The device exploits the Rashba effect to achieve spin polarization under zero magnetic field using nonmagnetic III-V semiconductor heterostructures. We discuss the basic principles of the interband tunneling spin filter and present modeling results that demonstrate its advantage. We also propose an implementation procedure for realizing device structure. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ting, DZY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAY PY 2003 VL 91 IS 5 BP 741 EP 751 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2003.811801 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 681LQ UT WOS:000183038000009 ER PT J AU Wang, SS Eisenberg, D AF Wang, SS Eisenberg, D TI Crystal structures of a pantothenate synthetase from M-tuberculosis and its complexes with substrates and a reaction intermediate SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE M. tuberculosis; pantothenate synthetase; substrate complexes; reaction intermediate complex; dimer ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SEQUENCE; PROGRAM AB Pantothenate biosynthesis is essential for the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and this pathway thus presents potential drug targets against tuberculosis. We determined the crystal structure of pantothenate synthetase (PS) from M. tuberculosis, and its complexes with AMPCPP, pantoate, and a reaction intermediate, pantoyl adenylate, with resolutions from 1.6 to 2 Angstrom. PS catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of pantoate and P-alanine to form pantothenate. Its structure reveals a dimer, and each subunit has two domains with tight association between domains. The active-site cavity is on the N-terminal domain, partially covered by the C-terminal domain. One wall of the active site cavity is flexible, which allows the bulky AMPCPP to diffuse into the active site to nearly full occupancy when crystals are soaked in solutions containing AMPCPP. Crystal structures of the complexes with AMPCPP and pantoate indicate that the enzyme binds ATP and pantoate tightly in the active site, and brings the carboxyl oxygen of pantoate near the alpha-phosphorus atom of ATP for an in-line nucleophilic attack. When crystals were soaked with, or grown in the presence of, both ATP and pantoate, a reaction intermediate, pantoyl adenylate, is found in the active site. The flexible wall of the active site cavity becomes ordered when the intermediate is in the active site, thus protecting it from being hydrolyzed. Binding of P-alanine can occur only after pantoyl adenylate is formed inside the active site cavity. The tight binding of the intermediate pantoyl adenylate suggests that nonreactive analogs of pantoyl adenylate may be inhibitors of the PS enzyme with high affinity and specificity. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 26 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1097 EP 1108 DI 10.1110/ps.0241803 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 671WB UT WOS:000182486800020 PM 12717031 ER PT J AU Pineda-Lucena, A Liao, JCC Cort, JR Yee, A Kennedy, MA Edwards, AM Arrowsmith, CH AF Pineda-Lucena, A Liao, JCC Cort, JR Yee, A Kennedy, MA Edwards, AM Arrowsmith, CH TI A novel member of the split beta alpha beta fold: Solution structure of the hypothetical protein YML108W from Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heteronuclear NMR; protein fold; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; structural proteomics ID SEQUENCE; DATABASE; CLASSIFICATION; ALIGNMENTS; DYNAMICS; PROGRAM AB As part of the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium pilot project focused on small eukaryotic proteins and protein domains, we have determined the NMR structure of the protein encoded by ORF YML108W from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. YML108W belongs to one of the numerous structural proteomics targets whose biological function is unknown. Moreover, this protein does not have sequence similarity to any other protein. The NMR structure of YML108W consists of a four-stranded beta-sheet with strand order 2143 and two alpha-helices, with an overall topology of betabetaalphabetabetaalpha. Strand beta1 runs parallel to beta4, and PIPI and beta4:beta3 pairs are arranged in an antiparallel fashion. Although this fold belongs to the split betaalphabeta family, it appears to be unique among this family; it is a novel arrangement of secondary structure, thereby expanding the universe of protein folds. C1 Ontario Canc Inst, Div Mol & Struct Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Arrowsmith, CH (reprint author), Ontario Canc Inst, Div Mol & Struct Biol, 610 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. EM carrow@uhnres.utoronto.ca RI Pineda-Lucena, Antonio/B-1320-2014; Hsing-Yen, Su/G-9552-2014 OI Pineda-Lucena, Antonio/0000-0002-6115-0868; FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62413-02, P50 GM062413] NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1136 EP 1140 DI 10.1110/ps.0240903 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 671WB UT WOS:000182486800025 PM 12717036 ER PT J AU Zhang, RG Duke, N Laskowski, R Evdokimova, E Skarina, T Edwards, A Joachimiak, A Savchenko, A AF Zhang, RG Duke, N Laskowski, R Evdokimova, E Skarina, T Edwards, A Joachimiak, A Savchenko, A TI Conserved protein YecM from Escherichia coli shows structural homology to metal-binding isomerases and oxygenases SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIOXYGENASE; ALIGNMENT; COMPLEX; ENZYME C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Dept Crystallog, London, England. Univ Toronto, Hlth Network, Clin Genom Ctr Proteom, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Laskowski, Roman/0000-0001-5528-0087 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414-01, P50 GM062414, P50 GM062414-01] NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.1002/prot.10307 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 663DB UT WOS:000181990000016 PM 12660999 ER PT J AU Babnigg, G Giometti, CS AF Babnigg, G Giometti, CS TI ProteomeWeb: A web-based interface for the display and interrogation of proteomes SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE bioinformatics; database; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; TISSUE PROTEINS; CELL FRACTIONS; PREDICTION; SERUM AB The analysis of proteomes, i.e., the proteins expressed by biological organisms under a given set of conditions at a given time, requires separating complex protein mixtures into discrete protein components, measuring their relative abundances, and identifying the individual protein components. Many types of data are generated during the course of proteome analysis, including graphic images of the protein profiles, flat files containing numeric data, spreadsheets for assimilating numeric data, and relational database tables for integrating data from multiple experiments. As part of a project to describe the proteomes of microbes of interest to the U.S. Department of Energy, a World-Wide Web-based interface has been developed for the display of protein profiles generated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The web interface is capable of obtaining protein identifications on the fly, interrogating the quantitative data in the context of available genome sequence information, and relating the proteome data to existing metabolic pathway databases. Analysis of protein expression profiles is expedited, providing the capability to efficiently determine the gene locations for proteins modulated in abundance in response to different growth conditions and to locate the positions of the proteins within specific metabolic pathways. The proteome of the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii, a microbe for which the complete genome sequence is available, is used to demonstrate the capabilities of this evolving web interface (http://proteomeweb.anl.gov). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Prot Mapping Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Babnigg, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Prot Mapping Grp, Bld 202,Rm B-117,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 3 IS 5 BP 584 EP 600 DI 10.1002/pmic.200300396 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 679TA UT WOS:000182937000003 PM 12748939 ER PT J AU Giometti, CS Khare, T Tollaksen, SL Tsapin, A Zhu, WH Yates, JR Nealson, KH AF Giometti, CS Khare, T Tollaksen, SL Tsapin, A Zhu, WH Yates, JR Nealson, KH TI Analysis of the Shewanella oneidensis proteome by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE electrophoresis; protein; proteome; Shewanella oneidensis ID MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE; PROTEINS; LIPOPROTEINS; METABOLISM; SERUM AB Proteomes are dynamic, i.e., the protein components of living cells change in response to various stimuli. Protein changes can involve shifts in the abundance of protein components, in the interactions of protein components, and in the activity of protein components. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with peptide mass spectrometry is useful for the analysis of relative protein abundance, but the denaturing conditions of classical 2-DE do not allow analysis of protein interactions or protein function. We have developed a nondenaturing 2-DE method that allows analysis of protein interactions and protein functions, as demonstrated in our analysis of the cytosol and crude membrane fractions of the facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Our experiments demonstrate that enzymatic activity is retained under the sample and protein separation methods described, as shown by positive malate dehydrogenase activity results. We have also found protein interactions within both the soluble and membrane fractions. The method described will be useful for the characterization of the functional proteomes of microbial systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Giometti, CS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM csgiometti@anl.gov NR 24 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1615-9853 EI 1615-9861 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD MAY PY 2003 VL 3 IS 5 BP 777 EP 785 DI 10.1002/pmic.200300406 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 679TA UT WOS:000182937000019 PM 12748955 ER PT J AU Lepper, K Wilson, C Gardner, J Reneau, S Lavine, A AF Lepper, K Wilson, C Gardner, J Reneau, S Lavine, A TI Comparison of SAR techniques for luminescence dating of sediments derived from volcanic tuff SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Luminescence and Electron Spin Resonance Dating (LED 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL RENO, NEVADA ID DOSE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; SINGLE-ALIQUOT; VALLES CALDERA; NEW-MEXICO; QUARTZ; GRAINS AB In this investigation we evaluate several proposed optically stimulated luminescence single-aliquot regeneration (OSL SAR) procedures to determine which technique has the greatest potential to yield accurate ages for samples collected from tuff-derived alluvial sediments within the narrow, sharply incised canyon systems of the Pajarito Plateau of northern New Mexico. The SAR data collection methods evaluated are: infrared-stimulated luminescence (IRSL), post-IR blue-OSL, IRSL with TL annealing cycles on polymineral fine-grains, and blue-OSL on quartz fine sand. A single-grain laser luminescence (SGLL) procedure for quartz sand is also evaluated. Age estimates obtained from these methods are compared with radiocarbon, soil PDI (profile development index), and IRSL multi-aliquot additive dose (MAAD) age constraints. Our results indicate that the modal D-e of quartz sand SGLL dose distributions yield ages that are consistent with radiocarbon and PDI age constraints for the tuff derived sediments in this investigation and appears to be the most promising method for studies in this area. Additionally, two fine-grained polymineral methods. IRSL SAR and traditional IRSL MAAD, produced ages that were generally in agreement with the SGLL ages and with available C-14 and PDI age constraints. At the present stage of research, we advocate using quartz sand SGLL in conjunction with IRSL SAR or even IRSL MAAD for polymineral fine-grains to provide the most robust and reliable luminescence age data sets for tuff-derived sediments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Luminescence Geochronol Lab, Environm Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Risk Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lepper, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Luminescence Geochronol Lab, Environm Dynam Grp, EES-2 MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 22 IS 10-13 BP 1131 EP 1138 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00063-5 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 683RB UT WOS:000183162300024 ER PT J AU Dilmanian, FA Morris, GM Zhong, N Bacarian, T Hainfeld, JF Kalef-Ezra, J Brewington, LJ Tammam, J Rosen, EM AF Dilmanian, FA Morris, GM Zhong, N Bacarian, T Hainfeld, JF Kalef-Ezra, J Brewington, LJ Tammam, J Rosen, EM TI Murine EMT-6 carcinoma: High therapeutic efficacy of microbeam radiation therapy SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; FRACTIONATED RADIATION; MAMMARY-CARCINOMA; EGS4 CODE; TUMORS; TOLERANCE; BRAIN; SCATTERING; DOSIMETRY; SYSTEM AB Microbeam radiation therapy is an experimental modality using parallel arrays of thin (<100 mum) slices of synchrotron-generated X rays (microplanar beams, microbeams). We used EMT-6 murine mammary carcinoma subcutaneously inoculated in the hind legs of mice to compare the therapeutic efficacies of single-fraction, unidirectional (1) "co-planar" microbeams (an array of vertically oriented microplanar beams), (2) "cross-planar" microbeams (two arrays of parallel microbeams propagated in the same direction, one with vertically and the other with horizontally oriented microplanar beams), and (3) seamless (broad) beams from the same synchrotron source. The microbeams were 90 mum wide and were spaced 300 mum on center; the median energy in all beams was 100 or 118 keV. Tumor ablation rates were 4/8, 4/8 and 6/7 for a 410-, 520- and 650-Gy in-slice cross-planar microbeam dose, respectively, and 1/8, 3/8,3/7 and 6/8 for a 23-, 30-, 38- and 45-Gy broad-beam dose, respectively. When the data were pooled from the three highest doses (same average tumor ablations of 50-60%), the incidences of normal-tissue acute toxicity (moist desquamation and epilation) and delayed toxicity (failure of hair regrowth) were significantly lower for cross-planar microbeams than broad beams (P < 0.025). Furthermore, for the highest doses in these two groups, which also had the same tumor ablation rate (>75%), not only were the above toxicities lower for the cross-planar microbeams than for the broad beams (P < 0.02), but severe leg dysfunction was also lower (P < 0.003). These findings suggest that single-fraction microbeams can ablate tumors at high rates with relatively little normal-tissue toxicity. (C) 2003 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Churchill Hosp, Inst Res, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Ioannina, Dept Med Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Pharmacycl Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Hyde Pk, NY 11040 USA. RP Dilmanian, FA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, 30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 40 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 9 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 159 IS 5 BP 632 EP 641 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0632:MECHTE]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 674GQ UT WOS:000182629400007 PM 12710874 ER PT J AU Eide, SA AF Eide, SA TI Historical perspective on failure rates for US commercial reactor components SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE component reliability; component failure rate; failure database AB To support the development of probabilistic risk assessments of US commercial nuclear power plants, significant effort has been expended to develop generic failure rates for components. Generic failure rates indicate industry-average performance of components, rather than component performance at a specific plant. Most publicly available, generic failure rate databases are typically based on data collected in the 1970s and 1980s for US nuclear power plants. Recent data analysis programs sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and data collection programs sponsored by the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations provide an opportunity to compare more recent failure rate estimates with those obtained in the 1970s and 1980s. These recent results indicate that many component generic failure rates are now lower than observed in the 1970s and 1980s. Suggestions for up-to-date failure rates are presented. Also, failure to run rates for standby components are presented for both short- and longer-term run times. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Eide, SA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0951-8320(03)00028-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 667LL UT WOS:000182233600003 ER PT J AU Christensen, CR Barnes, CW Morgan, GL Wilke, M Wilson, DC AF Christensen, CR Barnes, CW Morgan, GL Wilke, M Wilson, DC TI First results of pinhole neutron imaging for inertial confinement fusion SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci & Def Sci ID TARGETS AB Results are presented for the first implementation of pinhole imaging of inertial confinement fusion-produced neutrons. Raw images are shown, together with mathematical reconstructions of the source objects, for both spherical and asymmetric implosions. These reconstructions are considerably sharpened with respect to the raw images. They rely on the accurate calculation of the point-spread function, including neutron penetration into the material defining the pinhole. Proton recoil in the scintillator material and irregularity in scintillator fiber packing must be considered. The statistics of the system are inferred, which allows the use of simulations to demonstrate the robustness of the reconstructions to noise. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Christensen, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 74 IS 5 BP 2690 EP 2694 DI 10.1063/1.1569407 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 673GB UT WOS:000182570900008 ER PT J AU Qian, XM Zhang, T Ng, CY Kung, AH Ahmed, M AF Qian, XM Zhang, T Ng, CY Kung, AH Ahmed, M TI Two-color photoionization spectroscopy using vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation and infrared optical parametric oscillator laser SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; STRETCHING VIBRATIONS; AROMATIC CATIONS; THRESHOLD; BEAMLINE; AR AB A two-color, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-infrared (IR), photoionization study using monochromatized undulator VUV synchrotron radiation and high-repetition rate IR optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser source has been demonstrated at the Chemical Dynamics Beamline of the Advanced Light Source. The OPO setup, optical alignment, and ion detection arrangement are described. The VUV-IR ionization spectrum of Ar has been recorded in the energy region between the ionization thresholds for Ar+(P-2(3/2)) and Ar+(P-2(1/2)) to illustrate the feasibility and efficacy of this scheme as a general approach for high-resolution two-color photoionization studies. The autoionization resonances of the Ar(np' and nf') Rydberg series are resolved up to the principal quantum number of n=57, showing that the optical resolution of 0.3 cm(-1) (full width at half maximum) achieved in this two-color photoionization study is mostly limited by the bandwidth of the IR OPO laser and the Doppler width due to the random motion of the Ar sample. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cyng@chem.ucdavis.edu RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009; Kung, Andy/F-7909-2012 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 74 IS 5 BP 2784 EP 2790 DI 10.1063/1.1569402 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 673GB UT WOS:000182570900022 ER PT J AU Duan, YX Su, YX Jin, Z AF Duan, YX Su, YX Jin, Z TI Capillary-discharge-based portable detector for chemical vapor monitoring SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL BALANCE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; PLASMA; SYSTEM; ELECTRODE; TORCH AB Conventional portable instruments for sensing chemical vapors have certain limitations for on-site use. In this article, we develop a genuinely portable detector that is sensitive, powerful, rugged, of simple design, and with very low power needs. Such a detector is based on a dry-cell battery-powered, capillary-discharge-based, microplasma source with optical emission detection. The microscale plasma source has very special features such as low thermal temperature and very low power needs. These features make it possible for the plasma source to be powered with a small dry-cell battery. A specially designed discharge chamber with minielectrodes can be configured to enhance the plasma stability and the system performance. A very small amount of inert gas can be used as sample carrier and plasma supporting gas. Inert gases possess high excitation potentials and produce high-energy metastable particles in the plasma. These particles provide sufficient energy to excite chemical species through Penning ionization and/or energy transfer from metastable species. A molecular emission spectrum can be collected with a palm-sized spectrometer through a collimated optical fiber. The spectrum can be displayed on a notebook computer. With this design and arrangement, the new detector provides high sensitivity for organic chemical species. The advantages and features of the newly developed detector include high sensitivity, simple structure, low cost, universal response, very low power consumption, compact volume with field portable capability, and ease of operation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duan, YX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C-9,MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 74 IS 5 BP 2811 EP 2816 DI 10.1063/1.1569401 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 673GB UT WOS:000182570900026 ER PT J AU Coutts, TJ Guazzoni, G Luther, J AF Coutts, TJ Guazzoni, G Luther, J TI An overview of the fifth conference on thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we discuss some of the highlights of the Fifth Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity. The paper is organized into three principal sections, which deal with systems, infrared radiation emitters, and photovoltaic cells. Significant areas of progress and trends are identified in each of these areas. Progress is occurring at the fundamental level of materials' science, radiation physics, and systems. In the third of these topics, the quaternary alloy GaInAsSb appears to have become increasingly favoured. In the second topic, interesting developments in surface structured radiators and close-proximity radiators is discussed. Finally, we note that increased work on systems is still required, particularly for non-military applications. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. US Army CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. RP Coutts, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 18 IS 5 BP S144 EP S150 AR PII S0268-1242(03)59382-8 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/18/5/302 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 683QK UT WOS:000183160500003 ER PT J AU Emery, K AF Emery, K TI Characterizing thermophotovoltaic cells SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Performance of photovoltaic cells is often expressed in terms of conversion efficiency. For flat-plate and concentrator cells operating under natural sunlight, procedures have been established and standardized for determining their efficiency. These procedures rate the efficiency in terms of a reference temperature, reference total irradiance, reference spectral irradiance and a defined area. However, for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices, such reference conditions have not been established, resulting in large differences in efficiencies measured among various technologies and research groups. We discuss a strategy for determining a limited set of reference conditions to help compare TPV performance among technologies and groups. First, we measure the quantum efficiency and the current versus voltage (I-V) curves as a function of light-level and temperature. From this information, we can then determine the I-V characteristics at any current density for an arbitrary light source. We also present an alternative procedure to characterize PV cells in terms of the power produced divided by absorbed power. The discussion covers temperature, contacting, reference conditions and other measurement issues. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Emery, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 18 IS 5 BP S228 EP S231 AR PII S0268-1242(03)57667-2 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/18/5/313 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 683QK UT WOS:000183160500014 ER PT J AU Murray, SL Newman, FD Murray, CS Wilt, DM Wanlass, MW Ahrenkiel, P Messham, R Siergiej, RR AF Murray, SL Newman, FD Murray, CS Wilt, DM Wanlass, MW Ahrenkiel, P Messham, R Siergiej, RR TI MOCVD growth of lattice-matched and mismatched InGaAs materials for thermophotovoltaic energy conversion SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The details of MOCVD growth of lattice-matched (0.74 eV) and lattice-mismatched (0.55 eV and 0.6 eV) InGaAs-based thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices on InP substrates are discussed. The optimization of growth conditions, structural parameters and run-to-run consistency have played a key role in the development of high quality TPV devices, particularly in the development of lattice-mismatched materials. C1 Emcore Photovolta, Albuquerque, NM USA. NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. NREL, Golden, CO USA. Bechtel Bettis Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Murray, SL (reprint author), Emcore Photovolta, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 18 IS 5 BP S202 EP S208 AR PII S0268-1242(03)58904-0 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/18/5/309 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 683QK UT WOS:000183160500010 ER PT J AU Wilt, D Wehrer, R Palmisiano, M Wanlass, M Murray, C AF Wilt, D Wehrer, R Palmisiano, M Wanlass, M Murray, C TI Monolithic interconnected modules (MIMs) for thermophotovoltaic energy conversion SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Monolithic interconnected modules (MIMs) are under development for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion applications. MIM devices are typified by series-interconnected photovoltaic cells on a common, semi-insulating substrate and generally include rear-surface infrared (IR) reflectors. The MIM architecture is being implemented in InGaAsSb materials without semi-insulating substrates through the development of alternative isolation methodologies. Motivations for developing the MIM structure include: reduced resistive losses, higher output power density than for systems utilizing front surface spectral control, improved thermal coupling and ultimately higher system efficiency. Numerous design and material changes have been investigated since the introduction of the MIM concept in 1994. These developments as well as the current design strategies are addressed. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Bechtel Bettis Inc, W Mifflin, PA USA. NREL, Golden, CO USA. Emcore Photovolta, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Wilt, D (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 18 IS 5 BP S209 EP S215 AR PII S0268-1242(03)60134-3 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/18/5/310 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 683QK UT WOS:000183160500011 ER PT J AU Baer, MT AF Baer, MT TI Ozone connections: Expert networks in global environmental governance. SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Book Review C1 US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Baer, MT (reprint author), US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAY-JUN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 5 BP 465 EP 467 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 663VZ UT WOS:000182028300008 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G Knoll, DA AF Lapenta, G Knoll, DA TI Reconnection in the solar corona: Role of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; TRIPLE STRUCTURES; HELMET STREAMERS; MASS EJECTIONS; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB We consider the stability of current sheets where a normal component of the field is present. It is well known that reconnection in such systems progresses orders of magnitude too slow to explain observations, even when full kinetic models are used. We consider here a new possible mechanism for fast reconnection in such systems. We consider the effect of the possible presence of velocity shear that can drive the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). The effect of the KHI is shown to convert shear flow into compression flow that drives reconnection. Three scaling effects can be discerned in the simulations. First, the reconnection rate is directly controlled by the driving mechanism which is provided by the KHI. The result of this new mechanism is that fast reconnection can be achieved even in absence of anomalous resistivity. Second, the effect of varying the initial sheared flow along the main magnetic field direction enhances the reconnection process. Finally, the reconnection rate is insensitive to the value of resistivity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lapenta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 214 IS 1 BP 107 EP 129 DI 10.1023/A:1024036917505 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 686MG UT WOS:000183325100007 ER PT J AU Cumings, J Mickelson, W Zettl, A AF Cumings, J Mickelson, W Zettl, A TI Simplified synthesis of double-wall carbon nanotubes SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nanostructures; chemical vapor deposition ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MATERIALS SCIENCE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ARC-DISCHARGE; DIAMETER; METHANE; GROWTH AB We demonstrate a simplified synthesis technique for double-wall carbon nanotubes that is an adaptation of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques used previously for the production of single-wall nanotubes. Double-wall nanotubes (DWNTs) provide ideal geometries for numerous fundamental structural, electronic, thermal and vibrational studies, as well as providing a unique new platform for practical applications. The diameter distribution of DWNTs is broad, and it is possible that in previous studies using CVD-grown small-diameter nanotubes, presumed to be single-wall, there were significant numbers of DWNTs present. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; Mickelson, Willi/D-8813-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Mickelson, Willi/0000-0002-6398-6212; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 126 IS 6 BP 359 EP 362 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00881-5 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00881-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 668EL UT WOS:000182277300012 ER PT J AU Kupka, T Ruscic, B Botto, RE AF Kupka, T Ruscic, B Botto, RE TI Hartree-Fock and density functional complete basis-set (CBS) predicted nuclear shielding anisotropy and shielding tensor components SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE GIAO; CBS; DFT and RHF; solid-state NMR ID CHEMICAL-SHIFT TENSORS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; AB-INITIO; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; GAS-PHASE; C-13 NMR; DERIVATIVES AB The nuclear shielding anisotropy and shielding tensor components calculated using the hybrid density functional B3PW91 are reported for a model set of compounds comprised of N-2, NH3, CH4, C2H4, HCN and CH3CN. An estimation of density functional theory (DFT) and Hartree-Fock complete basis-set limit (CBS) parameters from a 2 (3) point exact fit vs. least-squares fit was obtained with the cc-pVxZ and aug-cc-pVxZ basis sets (x = D, T, Q, 5, 6). Both Hartree-Fock- and DFT-predicted CBS shielding anisotropies and shielding tensor components of the model molecules were in reasonable agreement with available experimental data. The utility of using a limited CBS approach for calculating accurate anisotropic shielding parameters of larger molecules as complementary methods to solid-state NMR is proposed. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rbotto@anl.gov RI Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 58 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 EI 1527-3326 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 145 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0926-2040(02)00020-6 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 684VU UT WOS:000183227900003 PM 12763561 ER PT J AU Kreiskott, S Arendt, PN Bronisz, LE Foltyn, SR Matias, V AF Kreiskott, S Arendt, PN Bronisz, LE Foltyn, SR Matias, V TI Continuous electropolishing of Hastelloy substrates for ion-beam assisted deposition of MgO SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUFFER LAYERS; FILMS; YBA2CU3O7; TEMPLATE AB We demonstrate the applicability of continuous electropolishing for the preparation of metal tapes for ion-beam assisted deposition of MgO for the fabrication of in-plane textured template layers. These templates are used for the fabrication of second generation high temperature superconducting wires utilizing YBa2Cu3O7-delta coatings on metallic substrates. Surface roughness values below I nm and local slopes of less than P could be achieved with the electropolishing process. Mean surface roughness values are lower with the use of electropolishing and slopes of surface roughness inclines are significantly reduced compared to the best results of mechanical polishing (3.5 nm and 5degrees, respectively). The cost-effective process of electropolishing shows great promise for the fabrication of second generation high temperature superconducting wire. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kreiskott, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 16 IS 5 BP 613 EP 616 AR PII S0953-2048(03)58762-0 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/16/5/312 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 683DA UT WOS:000183131100015 ER PT J AU Verebelyi, DT Schoop, U Thieme, C Li, X Zhang, W Kodenkandath, T Malozemoff, AP Nguyen, N Siegal, E Buczek, D Lynch, J Scudiere, J Rupich, M Goyal, A Specht, ED Martin, P Paranthaman, M AF Verebelyi, DT Schoop, U Thieme, C Li, X Zhang, W Kodenkandath, T Malozemoff, AP Nguyen, N Siegal, E Buczek, D Lynch, J Scudiere, J Rupich, M Goyal, A Specht, ED Martin, P Paranthaman, M TI Uniform performance of continuously processed MOD-YBCO-coated conductors using a textured Ni-W substrate SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; YBA2CU3O7; TAPE AB Second-generation coated conductor composite HTS wires have been fabricated using a continuous reel-to-reel process with deformation-textured Ni-W substrates and a metal-organic deposition process for YBa2Cu3O7-x. Earlier results on 1 m long and I cm wide wires with 77 K critical current performance greater than 100 A cm(-1) width have now been extended to 7.5 m in length and even higher performance, with one wire at 132 and another at 127 A cm(-1) width. Performance as a function of wire length is remark-ably uniform, with only 2-4% standard deviation when measured on a 50 cm length scale. The length-scale dependence of the deviation is compared with a statistical calculation. C1 Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Verebelyi, DT (reprint author), Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 18 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 16 IS 5 BP L19 EP L22 AR PII S0953-2048(03)56832-4 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/16/5/101 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 683DA UT WOS:000183131100001 ER PT J AU Lee, KW Chung, YW Chan, CY Bello, I Lee, ST Karimi, A Patscheider, J Delplancke-Ogletree, MP Yang, DH Boyce, B Buchheit, T AF Lee, KW Chung, YW Chan, CY Bello, I Lee, ST Karimi, A Patscheider, J Delplancke-Ogletree, MP Yang, DH Boyce, B Buchheit, T TI An international round-robin experiment to evaluate the consistency of nanoindentation hardness measurements of thin films SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE round-robin experiment; nanoindentation hardness; magnetron sputtering ID SUPERHARD AB We conducted an international round-robin experiment to determine the consistency of nanoindentation hardness measurements of thin films among six different laboratories, using three different samples. These samples were chosen to present a challenge of indenting at small loads (muN range). They were: 250-nm-thick TiNx, 700-nm-thick TiC, and 500-nm-thick TiB2/TiC multilayer coatings (each layer being 3-nm thick), prepared at Northwestern University using magnetron sputtering on silicon (0 0 1) substrates. Each research team was free to use whatever nanoindentor and analysis methods at its disposal. This round-robin experiment demonstrates that for the hardness range of interest (15-35 GPa) and using well-documented procedures and analysis methods, the reported results from all laboratories are essentially the same, allowing for a statistical spread of approximately +/- 14%. For consistent hardness measurements, four precautions must be observed: W proper tip-area function calibration, (ii) using sharp indenters, (iii) performing nanoindentation measurements with minimal thermal drift and with drift correction, (iv) using smooth samples, and (v) measuring the full hardness-maximum penetration curve. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, COSDAF, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, Dept Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EMPA, Swiss Fed Lab Mat Testing & Res, Dept Surface & Joining Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1835MS 0889, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chung, YW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Chung, Yip-Wah/B-7506-2009; Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012; Chan, Dennis/C-2504-2009 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743; NR 5 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 168 IS 1 BP 57 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00889-7 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 665DV UT WOS:000182105100008 ER PT J AU Wilson, G Ford, JD AF Wilson, G Ford, JD TI The big chill: Seven technical communicators talk ten years after their master's program SO TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID BURNOUT AB Recounts the experiences of seven professionals entering the field and the ways their perceptions of the profession and roles within it have changed. Explores the variety of roles technical communicators are expected to assume. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Dubuque, Commun Program, Dubuque, IA 52201 USA. RP Wilson, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 NORTH STUART ST, STE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0049-3155 J9 TECH COMMUN JI Tech. Commun. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 145 EP 159 PG 15 WC Communication SC Communication GA 679ZH UT WOS:000182951500007 ER PT J AU Rockett, A Liao, D Heath, JT Cohen, JD Strzhemechny, YM Brillson, LJ Ramanathan, K Shafarman, WN AF Rockett, A Liao, D Heath, JT Cohen, JD Strzhemechny, YM Brillson, LJ Ramanathan, K Shafarman, WN TI Near-surface defect distributions in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS) CY JUN 18-21, 2002 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE cathodoluminescence; spectroscopy; defects ID SOLAR-CELLS; STATES AB The density and distribution of point defects in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) layers used for solar cell applications is critical to the resulting device performance. These devices are generally thought to be limited by recombination in the space-charge region of the collecting heterojunction. The situation is complicated by the presumed presence of an n-type surface layer on the CIGS absorber. Both the surface inversion and space-charge recombination processes are intimately tied to near-surface point defects. Here, we overview recent results on surface chemistry, transient photocapacitance spectroscopy (TPC) and depth-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) for polycrystalline device layers from two laboratories, and single crystal epitaxial layers of three orientations. The results are combined with device modeling to provide a picture of the near-surface defect structures in these materials. The TPC results show deep defect levels similar to0.7 and 0.9 eV above the valence band. CL shows evidence of subgap radiative recombination, which increases dramatically near the sample surfaces. The results point to a near-surface Cd-containing layer, which could be responsible for the surface carrier type inversion, a near-surface region containing an elevated defect density, possibly near the valence band edge, and deep hole traps near the conduction band. Implementation of the results in a device model provides reasonable fits to the device performances. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Delaware, Inst Energy Convers, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Rockett, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci, 1-107 ESB,1101 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Rockett, Angus/A-3218-2008; Rockett, Angus/B-5539-2013; Heath, Jennifer/L-1201-2015 OI Rockett, Angus/0000-0001-9759-8421; NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 431 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00148-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 692VG UT WOS:000183680500062 ER PT J AU Patzek, TW Silin, DB Benson, SM Barenblatt, GI AF Patzek, TW Silin, DB Benson, SM Barenblatt, GI TI On vertical diffusion of gases in a horizontal reservoir SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE diffusion; ideal gas; reservoir; approximate solution; connate water; retardation; self-similar solution AB Exact and approximate solutions to vertical diffusion in gravity-stable, ideal gas mixtures in gas reservoirs, depleted oil reservoirs, or drained aquifers are presented, and characteristic times of diffusion are obtained. Our solutions also can be used to test numerical simulators that model diffusion after gas injection. First, we consider isothermal, countercurrent vertical diffusion of carbon dioxide and methane in a horizontally homogeneous reservoir. Initially, the bottom part of the reservoir, with no flow boundaries at the top and bottom, is filled with CO2 and the upper part with CH4. At time equal zero, the two gases begin to diffuse. We obtain the exact solution to the initial and boundary-value problem using Fourier series method. For the same problem, we also obtain an approximate solution using the integrated mass balance method. The latter solution has a particularly simple structure, provides a good approximation and retains the important features of the exact solution. Its simplicity allows one to perform calculations that are difficult and non-transparent with the Fourier series method. It also can be used to test numerical algorithms. Furthermore, we consider diffusion of CO2 with partitioning into connate water. We show that at reservoir pressures the CO2 retardation by water cannot be neglected. The diffusion-retardation problem is modelled by a non-linear diffusion equation whose self-similar solution is obtained. Finally, we obtain a self-similar solution to a nonlinear diffusion problem. This solution is a good approximation at early times, before the diffusing gases reach considerable concentrations at the top and bottom boundaries of the reservoir. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Patzek, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD MAY PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 141 EP 156 DI 10.1023/A:1021957416536 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 634DX UT WOS:000180325700002 ER PT J AU Chrysikopoulos, CV James, SC AF Chrysikopoulos, CV James, SC TI Transport of neutrally buoyant and dense variably sized colloids in a two-dimensional fracture with anisotropic aperture SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE colloid transport; fracture; variable aperture; anisotropic aperture field; monodisperse colloids; polydisperse colloids; neutrally buoyant colloids; dense colloids; particle tracking ID FACILITATED CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; SINGLE FRACTURE; SATURATED FRACTURES; MATRIX DIFFUSION; MODEL; FLOW; FIELD; DISSOLUTION; MIGRATION AB The transport of monodisperse as well as polydisperse colloid suspensions in a two-dimensional, water saturated fracture with spatially variable and anisotropic aperture is investigated with a particle tracking model. Both neutrally buoyant and dense colloid suspensions are considered. Although flow and transport in fractured subsurface formations have been studied extensively by numerous investigators, the transport of dense, polydisperse colloid suspensions in a fracture with spatially variable and anisotropic aperture has not been previously explored. Simulated snapshots and breakthrough curves of ensemble averages of several realizations of a log-normally distributed aperture field show that polydisperse colloids exhibit greater spreading than monodisperse colloids, and dense colloids show greater retardation than neutrally buoyant colloids. Moreover, it is demonstrated that aperture anisotropy oriented along the flow direction substantially increases colloid spreading; whereas, aperture anisotropy oriented transverse to the flow direction retards colloid movement. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Performance Assessment & Decis Anal Dept, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Chrysikopoulos, CV (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/F-1783-2013; OI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/0000-0003-4722-8697; James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD MAY PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 191 EP 210 DI 10.1023/A:1021952226861 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 634DX UT WOS:000180325700005 ER PT J AU Lu, XJ Sun, YW Petersen, JN AF Lu, XJ Sun, YW Petersen, JN TI Analytical solutions of TCE transport with convergent reactions SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE analytical solution; convergent reaction; multispecies transport; first-order reaction ID DECAY; MODEL AB In this paper, we present analytical solutions for reactive transport with convergent reactions using the singular value decomposition approach. We consider a reaction network in which a compound reacts to form multiple daughter products, which further react to a single granddaughter. This reaction scheme is illustrated by the dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE), which reacts to form three daughter products, cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), trans-dichloroethylene (trans-DCE), and 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE). All three of these daughter products will further react to produce the same granddaughter, vinyl chloride (VC). In achieving the analytical solution, all reactions are assumed to be first-order. Because the partial differential equation describing the final product (granddaughter) concentration, is coupled by the three daughter concentrations, previously published methods for decoupling partial differential equations are not applicable. Instead, we conduct the singular value decomposition process analytically and transform the system of transport equations with convergent reactions into orthogonal (independent) equations, for which analytical solutions are available. The solutions derived in this manuscript are then compared with numerical solutions and the performance of the reactive transport system is analyzed. C1 Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lu, XJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. RI Petersen, James/B-8924-2008; Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD MAY PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1023/A:1021989618661 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 634DX UT WOS:000180325700006 ER PT J AU List, GF Wood, B Nozick, LK Turnquist, MA Jones, DA Kjeldgaard, EA Lawton, CR AF List, GF Wood, B Nozick, LK Turnquist, MA Jones, DA Kjeldgaard, EA Lawton, CR TI Robust optimization for fleet planning under uncertainty SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E-LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE stochastic optimization; fleet sizing; stochastic decomposition; robust optimization ID VEHICLE ALLOCATION PROBLEM; NETWORK DESIGN; MODEL; TRANSPORTATION; SYSTEM; ALGORITHMS; SERVICE; DEMANDS AB We create a formulation and a solution procedure for fleet sizing under uncertainty in future demands and operating conditions. The formulation focuses on robust optimization, using a partial moment measure of risk. This risk measure is incorporated into the expected recourse function of a two-stage stochastic programming formulation, and stochastic decomposition is used as a solution procedure. A numerical example illustrates the importance of including uncertainty in the fleet sizing problem formulation, and the nature of the fundamental tradeoff between acquiring more vehicles and accepting the risk of potentially high costs if insufficient resources are available. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Turnquist, MA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Holister Hal, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 29 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1366-5545 J9 TRANSPORT RES E-LOG JI Transp. Res. Pt. e-Logist. Transp. Rev. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 209 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S1366-5545(02)00026-1 PG 19 WC Economics; Engineering, Civil; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA 676ZE UT WOS:000182781800002 ER PT J AU Major, RC Kim, HI Houston, JE Zhu, XY AF Major, RC Kim, HI Houston, JE Zhu, XY TI Tribological properties of alkoxyl monolayers on oxide terminated silicon SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE monolayer; friction; adhesion; silicon surface; molecular film ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; FRICTIONAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; CONTACT; SURFACE; GOLD; ALKANETHIOLS; TEMPERATURE AB The tribological properties of alkoxyl monolayers on oxide terminated silicon surfaces have been investigated using interfacial force microscopy. For a C18 alkoxyl monolayer, both adhesion and frictional properties are similar to those of a self-assembled monolayer of octadecanethiol on gold. Friction is shown to increase as the alkyl chain length of the molecules decreases. Analysis using contact mechanics models has been carried out to estimate reduced modulus, adhesion energy, and friction shear strength. These interfacial mechanical properties are correlated to molecular structures at the interface. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM zhu@chem.umn.edu NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 EI 1573-2711 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 14 IS 4 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1023/A:1022628700342 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 650XE UT WOS:000181288200002 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZF Ward, AL Gee, GW AF Zhang, Z. Fred Ward, Andy L. Gee, Glendon W. TI Estimating Soil Hydraulic Parameters of a Field Drainage Experiment Using Inverse Techniques SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Accurate assessment of water flow and contaminant transport in unsaturated porous media at the field scale is often hindered by difficulties associated with obtaining reliable estimates of soil hydraulic properties. The unsteady drainage-flux method is one of the commonly used methods to measure in situ unsaturated hydraulic properties of soils. However, the properties obtained by this method using instantaneous profile data analysis may not be the best estimation of actual values of hydraulic properties. We present an improved analysis of the data from drainage experiments using inverse modeling, which uses nonlinear regression methods to estimate hydraulic parameters. Parameter identifiability is evaluated through sensitivity and uniqueness analyses. We used the combination of the inverse modeling program, UCODE, with the flow simulator, STOMP, for inverse modeling. Applying the inverse method to a field drainage experiment in sandy soil showed that all the van Genuchten (1980) hydraulic parameters could be estimated uniquely when both water content (theta) and pressure head (h) data were used. The parameter estimates by inverse technique using both theta and h data simulated the flow better than the parameter values obtained by the conventional instantaneous-profile analysis method. After the spatial and temporal sensitivities were analyzed, a more rational experimental design was recommended. C1 [Zhang, Z. Fred; Ward, Andy L.; Gee, Glendon W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, ZF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, MSIN K9-33,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fred.zhang@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX Funding for this research is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Hanford Science and Technology Vadose Zone Initiative. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 2 IS 2 BP 201 EP 211 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UZ UT WOS:000207557800010 ER PT J AU Parker, JC AF Parker, Jack C. TI Physical Processes Affecting Natural Depletion of Volatile Chemicals in Soil and Groundwater SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A Fickian model is described for dispersive vapor transport due to "pumping" induced by barometric pressure fluctuations and periodic water table fluctuations. The approach is appropriate for time scales that are large relative to the period of induced airflow variations. Comparisons of the magnitude of dispersive fluxes with those due solely to molecular diffusion indicated that dispersive vapor transport becomes increasingly important as soil porosity decreases and as the depth to groundwater and the contaminant source increases. For soils with low air-filled porosity, barometric pumping is likely to dominate transport even for shallow soils. Barometric pumping may predominate for soils with moderate to high air-filled porosity with deeper groundwater (>5-15 m). Water table pumping is predicted to predominate over diffusion only for high-frequency fluctuations, such as tidal conditions. A steady-state model for contaminant volatilization from groundwater is presented that considers diffusive and dispersive vapor transport, unsaturated zone aqueous phase advection, and dispersive mixing in groundwater, yielding an apparent first-order decay coefficient with respect to groundwater. Predicted volatilization coefficients for perchloroethene (PCE) range from <0.001 to >0.02 d(-1) for various soil conditions and groundwater depths. Highest values are predicted for the most permeable soils. Volatilization rates are predicted to decrease with depth up to a point at which dispersive fluxes dominate over diffusion and then to increase to the extent that barometric pressure fluctuations propagate to greater depths. Vertical mixing within the saturated zone has a significant influence on volatilization from groundwater. Simple moving front and mixing cell models are presented to estimate depletion rates of soil contamination due to volatilization and leaching. Results indicate that natural depletion of residual soil NAPL may take many decades and is markedly influenced by soil conditions, hydraulic flux, and contaminant properties. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Engn Grp, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parker, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Engn Grp, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM parkerjc@ornl.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 2 IS 2 BP 222 EP 230 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UZ UT WOS:000207557800012 ER PT J AU Engelhardt, I Finsterle, S Hofstee, C AF Engelhardt, Irina Finsterle, Stefan Hofstee, Cor TI Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow Phenomena in Nonisothermal, Variably Saturated Bentonite-Crushed Rock Mixtures SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Mixtures of sodium bentonite and crushed rock are being examined as components of the engineered barrier system in a geologic repository of high-level nuclear waste. Laboratory experiments were performed to determine the thermal and unsaturated hydraulic properties of bentonite-crushed diorite mixtures. Water-retention curves were obtained from conventional pressure cell and evaporation experiments. In addition, transient data from heating and gas injection experiments on laboratory columns were analyzed using inverse modeling techniques. Measured pressures, temperatures, and drained-water volumes were jointly inverted to estimate absolute permeability, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and capillary strength parameters. Simultaneous matching of all available data-specifically the gas breakthrough at the top of the column-proved difficult, pointing toward aspects of the experimental design and the conceptual model that need to be refined. The analysis of sensitivity coefficients and the correlation structure of the parameters revealed the importance of accurately capturing coupled thermal hydrological processes within the column as well as the details of the experimental apparatus, such as heat losses and storage of water and gas in the measuring burette. The parameters estimated using different experimental and analytical procedures were consistent A with one another, providing backfill material properties useful for the simulation of gas-and heat-generating nuclear waste repositories. C1 [Engelhardt, Irina] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources BGR, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Finsterle, Stefan] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hofstee, Cor] Netherlands Inst Appl Geosci TNO NITG, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Engelhardt, I (reprint author), Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources BGR, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. EM I.Engelhardt@bgr.de RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 FU Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Research (BGR), Hannover, Germany; University of Tubingen, Center for Applied Geosciences (ZAG), Tubingen, Germany; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by the Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Research (BGR), Hannover, Germany, the University of Tubingen, Center for Applied Geosciences (ZAG), Tubingen, Germany, and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00098. Thanks to O. Trotschler, K. Emmerich and O. Kolditz for their scientific and technical support. We are very grateful for the suggestions and comments of the anonymous reviewers. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 2 IS 2 BP 239 EP 246 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UZ UT WOS:000207557800014 ER PT J AU Liu, HH Zhang, GX Bodvarsson, GS AF Liu, Hui-Hai Zhang, Guoxiang Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S. TI The Active Fracture Model: Its Relation to Fractal Flow Patterns and an Evaluation Using Field Observations SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The active fracture model (AFM) (Liu et al., 1998) has been widely used in modeling flow and transport in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a proposed repository of high-level nuclear wastes. This study presents an in-depth evaluation of the AFM, based on both theoretical arguments and field observations. We first argue that flow patterns observed from different unsaturated systems (including the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain) may be fractals. We derive an interesting relation between the AFM and the fractal flow behavior, indicating that the AFM essentially captures this important flow behavior at a subgrid scale. Finally, the validity of the AFM is demonstrated by the favorable comparison between simulation results based on the AFM and (14)C age and fracture coating data collected from the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain. These data sets independently provide important insight into flow and transport processes at the Yucca Mountain site. Potential future improvements of the AFM include expanding it to consider film flow and multifractal concepts. C1 [Liu, Hui-Hai; Zhang, Guoxiang; Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, HH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hhliu@lbl.gov FU Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX We are indebted to Q. Zhou and D. Hawkes at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for their careful review of a preliminary version of this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, U.S. Department of Energy, through Memorandum Purchase Order EA9013MC5X between Bechtel SAIC Company, LLC, and the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). The support is provided to Berkeley Lab through the U.S. Department of Energy Contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 2 IS 2 BP 259 EP 269 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11UZ UT WOS:000207557800017 ER PT J AU Cai, J Prausnitz, JM AF Cai, J Prausnitz, JM TI Stability criteria for a polydisperse system SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE continuous thermodynamics; critical state; equation of state; polydisperse mixture ID CONTINUOUS THERMODYNAMICS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; FLUID MIXTURES; STATE; MULTICOMPONENT; EQUATIONS AB Stability theory for fluid mixtures is used to calculate the spinodal and the critical locus for a system containing one discrete light component and one continuously distributed heavy "component". For reduction to practice, the criteria developed here are suitable for molecular-thermodynamic models where the model parameters depend on the distribution variable that characterizes the continuous "component". To illustrate, the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation of state is used to calculate critical properties of alkane mixtures where methane (C-1) is the discrete component and C-2-C-16 comprise a continuous "component". Calculated results show that, while systems containing methane and primarily small paraffins show a Type I critical locus, those containing methane and appreciable amounts of large paraffins show a Type V critical locus. These results are consistent with experimental critical-locus data for C-1-C-3 (Type I) and those for C-1-C-6 (Type V). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem Engn Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem Engn Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD APR 30 PY 2003 VL 206 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 59 AR PII S0378-3812(02)00312-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(02)00312-6 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 681WV UT WOS:000183059300004 ER PT J AU Michalsky, J Min, Q Barnard, J Marchand, R Pilewskie, P AF Michalsky, J Min, Q Barnard, J Marchand, R Pilewskie, P TI Simultaneous spectral albedo measurements near the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains (ARM SGP) central facility SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE spectral albedo; downwelling spectral and broadband diffuse irradiance models; aircraft and ground-based spectral albedo comparisons; inhomogeneous spectral albedo AB [1] During the second Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE II), measurements were obtained during low-altitude passes of the Twin Otter aircraft directly over the central facility of the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. One set of measurements taken from this platform was the spectral irradiance pointing in the nadir and in the zenith with moderate spectral resolution from about 350 to 1670 nm using the NASA Ames solar spectral flux radiometer (SSFR). Routine measurements are made at the central facility (CF) of the ARM SGP site using two multifilter radiometer (MFR) heads with six narrowband filters covering portions of the spectrum between 415 and 940 nm. One measures upwelling spectral irradiance above an ungrazed pasture, and the other measures that above a wheat field. In addition, on one of the cloudy days during ARESE II ( 3 March 2000), measurements were made with a hand-held, commercial spectrometer above wheat, pasture, and dry corn stalks in and around the CF site between the wavelengths of 350 and 2340 nm. A needed input to radiation modeling at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface is the effective spectral surface albedo. In the calculation of downwelling radiation at the surface it is important to correctly specify surface albedo in overcast and clear conditions. This paper will examine the level of agreement among different spectral albedo measurements. The effect of the differences on calculated downwelling surface irradiance will be analyzed for thin and heavy overcast. Finally, the importance of spectral albedo versus a single-valued broadband albedo on modeled, clear-sky diffuse irradiance is demonstrated. C1 SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Michalsky, J (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY USA. EM joe@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; james.barnard@pnl.gov; roger.marchand@pnl.gov; ppilewskie@mail.arc.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D8 AR 4254 DI 10.1029/2002JD002906 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 678HJ UT WOS:000182860800002 ER PT J AU Lakshmi, KV Poluektov, OG Reifler, MJ Wagner, AM Thurnauer, MC Brudvig, GW AF Lakshmi, KV Poluektov, OG Reifler, MJ Wagner, AM Thurnauer, MC Brudvig, GW TI Pulsed high-frequency EPR study on the location of carotenoid and chlorophyll cation radicals in photosystem II SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FIELD EPR; SPIN-LATTICE-RELAXATION; RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTRA; BETA-CAROTENE; REACTION CENTERS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SYNECHOCOCCUS-ELONGATUS; SATURATION RECOVERY; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION AB When the primary electron-donation pathway from the water-oxidation complex in photosystem II (PS II) is inhibited, chlorophyll (Chl(Z) and Chl(D)), beta-carotene (Car) and cytochrome b(559) are alternate electron donors that are believed to function in a photoprotection mechanism. Previous studies have demonstrated that high-frequency EPR spectroscopy (at 130 GHz), together with deuteration of PS II, yields resolved Car(+) and Chl(+) EPR signals (Lakshmi et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 10 445-10 448). The present study describes the use of pulsed high-frequency EPR spectroscopy to measure the location of the carotenoid and chlorophyll radicals relative to other paramagnetic cofactors; in Synechococcus lividus PS II. The spin-lattice relaxation rates of the Car(+) and Chl(+) radicals are measured in manganese-depleted and manganese-depleted, cyanide-treated PS II; in these samples, the non-heme Fe(II) is high-spin (S = 2) and low-spin (S = 0), respectively. The Car(+) and Chl(+) radicals exhibit dipolar-enhanced relaxation rates in the presence of high-spin (S = 2) Fe(II) that are eliminated when the Fe(II) is low-spin (S = 0). The relaxation enhancements of the Car(+) and Chi(+) by the non-heme Fe(II) are smaller than the relaxation enhancement of Tyr(D)., and P-865(+) by the non-heme Fe(I]) in PS II and in the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, respectively, indicating that the Car(+)-Fe(II) and Chl(+)-Fe(II) distances are greater than the known Tyr(D).-Fe(II) and P-865(+)-Fe(II) distances. The Car(+) radical exhibits a greater relaxation enhancement by Fe(II) than the Chl(+) radical, consistent with Car being an earlier electron donor to P-680(+) than Chl. On the basis of the distance estimates obtained in the present study and by analogy to carotenoid-binding sites in other pigment-protein complexes, possible binding sites are discussed for the Car cofactors in PS II. The relative location of Car(+) and Chl(+) radicals determined in this study provides valuable insight into the sequence of electron transfers in the alternate electron-donation pathways of PS II. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thurnauer, MC (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Chem, POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Lakshmi, K. V./A-9787-2017 OI Lakshmi, K. V./0000-0001-5443-9017 NR 62 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 30 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 17 BP 5005 EP 5014 DI 10.1021/ja0295671 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 671XZ UT WOS:000182491700022 PM 12708850 ER PT J AU Bell, RC Wang, HF Iedema, MJ Cowin, JP AF Bell, RC Wang, HF Iedema, MJ Cowin, JP TI Nanometer-resolved interfacial fluidity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; THIN POLYMER-FILMS; SOFT-LANDED IONS; HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; CAPILLARY WAVES; DIFFUSION; SURFACE; PROBE AB Confined liquids can have properties that are poorly predicted from bulk parameters. We resolve with 0.5 nm resolution the nanoscale perturbations that interfaces cause on fluidity, in thin 3-methylpentane (3MP) films. The films of glassy 3MP are much less viscous at the vacuum-liquid interface and much more viscous at the 3MP-metal interface, compared to the bulk of the film. We find that the viscosity at the interfaces continuously returns to the bulk value over about a 3 nm distance. The amorphous 3MP films are constructed using molecular beam epitaxy on a Pt(111) substrate at low temperatures (<30 K). Ions are gently inserted at specific distances from the substrate with a 1 eV hydronium (D3O+) or Cs+ ion beam. The voltage across the film, which is directly proportional to the position of the ions within the film, is monitored electrostatically as the film is heated at a rate of 0.2 K/s. Above the bulk glass transition temperature (T-g) of 3MP (77 K), the ions are expected to begin to move down through the film. However, ion movement is observed at temperatures as low as 50 K near the vacuum interface, well below the bulk T-g. The fitted kinetics predict that at 85 K, the glass is about 6 orders of magnitude less viscous near the free interface compared to that of the bulk. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cowin, JP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,M-S K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 65 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 30 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 17 BP 5176 EP 5185 DI 10.1021/ja0291437 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 671XZ UT WOS:000182491700041 PM 12708869 ER PT J AU Franco, I Tretiak, S AF Franco, I Tretiak, S TI Electron-vibrational relaxation of photoexcited polyfluorenes in the presence of chemical defects: A theoretical study SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; EMISSION; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; MOLECULES; LUMINESCENCE; EXCITATIONS; DEVICES AB A quantum chemical semiempirical investigation of electron-vibrational dynamics of photoexcited conjugated polyfluorenes shows that delocalized electronic excitations dominate the absorption, whereas chemical defects (if present) dramatically impact the emission by trapping the photogenerated exciton into a localized state and acting as guest emitters at recombination. These results offer theoretical insight into the effect of non-quenching defect sites in conjugated polymers and explain the origin of a controversial low energy emission band frequently observed in bulk polyfluorene samples. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Mail Stop B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM serg@cnls.lanl.gov RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; Franco, Ignacio/C-4819-2009 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Franco, Ignacio/0000-0002-0802-8185 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2003 VL 372 IS 3-4 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00419-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 673EV UT WOS:000182568000017 ER PT J AU Head-Gordon, M AF Head-Gordon, M TI Characterizing unpaired electrons from the one-particle density matrix SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIRADICALS AB A new definition of the unpaired electrons in a molecule is proposed, which derives from the one-particle reduced density matrix. It yields lower estimates of the number of radical electrons than the widely discussed 'distribution of effectively unpaired electrons', with a maximum possible difference of a factor of two. Unlike the existing definition, the new definition cannot yield numbers of unpaired electrons higher than the total number of electrons, and also recovers the intuitively expected result for the dissociation of O-2. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2003 VL 372 IS 3-4 BP 508 EP 511 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00422-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 673EV UT WOS:000182568000034 ER PT J AU Travis, BJ Rosenberg, ND Cuzzi, JN AF Travis, BJ Rosenberg, ND Cuzzi, JN TI On the role of widespread subsurface convection in bringing liquid water close to Mars' surface SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; water; permafrost; permeability; hydrothermal convection; subsurface ID HYDROTHERMAL CIRCULATION; NATURAL-CONVECTION; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; ICE; EVOLUTION; HEAT; VALLEYS; MODEL AB [1] We report on the results of three-dimensional calculations of thermohydrologic behavior on a planet with a frozen surface heated from below for ranges of model parameters relevant to Mars. Our results indicate that adopting a more realistic model (i.e., three-dimensional convective view in contrast to a one-dimensional static view) of the Martian subsurface significantly changes the possibilities with respect to the depth at which liquid water might exist on Mars. These calculations suggest that hydrothermal convection may occur in the Martian regolith, driven solely by background geothermal heating, and that the sustained upwelling of warm convecting fluids may significantly thin the permafrost ice layer on Mars at some locations, to as thin as 300 m for certain parameter choices. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bjtravis@lanl.gov NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 29 PY 2003 VL 108 IS E4 AR 8040 DI 10.1029/2002JE001877 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 678JE UT WOS:000182863100001 ER PT J AU Koffas, TS Kim, J Lawrence, CC Somorjai, GA AF Koffas, TS Kim, J Lawrence, CC Somorjai, GA TI Detection of immobilized protein on latex microspheres by IR-visible sum frequency generation and scanning force microscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; POLYSTYRENE SURFACE; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; POLYMER SURFACES; WATER-MOLECULES; ADSORPTION AB The molecular-level detection and behavior of bovine serum albumin (BSA) covalently bound to polystyrene microspheres at the air-liquid and air-solid interfaces are reported by infrared-visible sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and scanning force microscopy. SFG spectra contain signals corresponding to CH-stretching modes at both the air-liquid and air-solid interfaces, indicating that some amino acid residues in BSA are well-ordered. It is also observed that the orientation and ordering of phenyl rings at the microsphere surface are affected by the presence of BSA. At the air-liquid interface, the interaction of BSA with the substrate alters the orientation of the phenyl groups in the microsphere, relative to bare polystyrene. At the air-solid interface, however, the SFG signal intensity of the CH-stretch mode for the phenyl rings attenuates after BSA adsorption, disrupting the previously ordered phenyl rings in the underlying, bare surface. Scanning force microscope images show that bare microspheres self-assemble into a two-dimensional hexagonal packing, whereas protein-modified microspheres randomly aggregate on the silica surface. Differences in surface tribology were also recorded between interfacial conditions for microspheres with and without BSA attached. Increases in the friction signal of 12 +/- 3% and 26 +/- 5% over the bare state were found for BSA-modified microspheres at the air-liquid and air-solid interfaces, respectively. The difference in friction values suggests that BSA interacts more strongly with the microsphere at the air-solid interface. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Roche Diagnost Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46250 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 29 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 9 BP 3563 EP 3566 DI 10.1021/la027041o PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 671LW UT WOS:000182467100001 ER PT J AU Pugmire, DL Tarlov, MJ van Zee, RD Naciri, J AF Pugmire, DL Tarlov, MJ van Zee, RD Naciri, J TI Structure of 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol self-assembled monolayers on gold grown by solution and vapor techniques SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; LIQUID-METAL INTERFACE; MOLECULAR WIRES; X-RAY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; COULOMB-BLOCKADE; SILVER SURFACES; AU(111) AB Characteristics of decanethiol and 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol (p-BDMT) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) grown using solution and vapor techniques were studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in-plane resistivity measurements. Self-assembled monolayers of decanethiol show nearly identical coverages for samples grown from solution and from vapor. Films of p-BDMT grown from solution show monolayer packing densities similar to those of alkanethiols, as indicated by the surface thiolate concentrations. A much different result is obtained for p-BDMT SAMs when grown from vapor. A monolayer packing density that is 12-16% higher than that of alkanethiols is observed with XPS and in-plane resistivity measurements. It is also shown that p-BDMT forms multilayers when SAMs are grown by both solution and vapor techniques. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pugmire, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS E574, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dpugmire@lanl.gov NR 53 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 29 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 9 BP 3720 EP 3726 DI 10.1021/la0208530 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 671LW UT WOS:000182467100024 ER PT J AU Zhu, HG Lee, B Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Zhu, HG Lee, B Dai, S Overbury, SH TI Coassembly synthesis of ordered mesoporous silica materials containing Au nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; METAL-ION ADSORPTION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; CO; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; DESIGN; MONOLAYERS AB A coassembly methodology was developed to synthesize ordered mesoporous silica materials containing gold nanoparticles. The essence of this methodology lies in the combination of the complexation-mediated growth of nanoparticles and surfactant-templating synthesis. The formation of nanoparticles was controlled by the complexing ligand and the unique micellar media. Different methods for the removal of the templating surfactants were evaluated. Ordered mesoporous silica materials containing 2-5 nm gold nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov; overburysh@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 49 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 29 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 9 BP 3974 EP 3980 DI 10.1021/la027029w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 671LW UT WOS:000182467100058 ER PT J AU Murthy, N Xu, MC Schuck, S Kunisawa, J Shastri, N Frechet, JMJ AF Murthy, N Xu, MC Schuck, S Kunisawa, J Shastri, N Frechet, JMJ TI A macromolecular delivery vehicle for protein-based vaccines: Acid-degradable protein-loaded microgels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE polymer crosslinker; encapsulation; vaccination; cytotoxicT; lymphocyte ID CLASS-I MOLECULES; INVERSE MICROEMULSION; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; RELEASE; POLYMERIZATION; MICROSPHERES; MACROPHAGES; PARTICLES; RESPONSES; HYDROGELS AB The development of protein-based vaccines remains a major challenge in the fields of immunology and drug delivery. Although numerous protein antigens have been identified that can generate immunity to infectious pathogens, the development of vaccines based on protein antigens has had limited success because of delivery issues. In this article, an acid-sensitive microgel material is synthesized for the development of protein-based vaccines. The chemical design of these microgels is such that they degrade under the mildly acidic conditions found in the phagosomes of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The rapid cleavage of the microgels leads to phagosomal disruption through a colloid osmotic mechanism, releasing protein antigens into the APC cytoplasm for class I antigen presentation. Ovalbumin was encapsulated in microgel particles, 200-500 nm in diameter, prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization with a synthesized acid-degradable crosslinker. Ovalbumin is released from the acid-degradable microgels in a pH-dependent manner; for example, microgels containing ovalbumin release 80% of their encapsulated proteins after 5 h at pH 5.0, but release only 10% at pH 7.4. APCs that phagocytosed the acid-degradable microgels containing ovalbumin were capable of activating ovalbumin-specific cytoxic T lymphocytes. The acid-degradable microgels developed in this article should therefore find applications as delivery vehicles for vaccines targeted against viruses and tumors, where the activation of cytoxic T lymphocytes is required for the development of immunity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM065361, R01GM65361] NR 23 TC 261 Z9 268 U1 4 U2 75 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 29 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 9 BP 4995 EP 5000 DI 10.1073/pnas.0930644100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 673ZY UT WOS:000182612600008 PM 12704236 ER PT J AU Crooker, SA Barrick, T Hollingsworth, JA Klimov, VI AF Crooker, SA Barrick, T Hollingsworth, JA Klimov, VI TI Multiple temperature regimes of radiative decay in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots: Intrinsic limits to the dark-exciton lifetime SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; CLUSTERS; STATES AB We investigate the strongly temperature-dependent radiative lifetime of electron-hole excitations in colloidal CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots over nearly three orders of magnitude in temperature (300 K to 380 mK). These studies reveal an intrinsic, radiative upper limit of similar to1 mus for the storage of excitons below 2 K. At higher temperatures, exciton lifetimes are consistent with thermal activation from the dark-exciton ground state, but with two different activation thresholds. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Crooker, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 239 Z9 241 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 17 BP 2793 EP 2795 DI 10.1063/1.1570923 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 670GT UT WOS:000182399700016 ER PT J AU Serquis, A Civale, L Hammon, DL Liao, XZ Coulter, JY Zhu, YT Jaime, M Peterson, DE Mueller, FM Nesterenko, VF Gu, Y AF Serquis, A Civale, L Hammon, DL Liao, XZ Coulter, JY Zhu, YT Jaime, M Peterson, DE Mueller, FM Nesterenko, VF Gu, Y TI Hot isostatic pressing of powder in tube MgB2 wires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH CRITICAL CURRENTS; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; FE-CLAD; TAPES AB The critical current density (J(c)) of hot isostatic pressed (HIPed) MgB2 wires, measured by dc transport and magnetization, is compared with that of similar wires annealed at ambient pressure. The HIPed wires have a higher J(c) than the annealed wires, especially at high temperatures and magnetic fields, and higher irreversibility field (H-irr). The HIPed wires are promising for applications, with J(c)>10(6) A/cm(2) at 5 K and zero field and >10(4) A/cm(2) at 1.5 T and 26.5 K, and H(irr)similar to17 T at 4 K. The improvement is attributed to a high density of structural defects, which are the likely source of vortex pinning. These defects, observed by transmission electron microscopy, include small angle twisting, tilting, and bending boundaries, resulting in the formation of subgrains within MgB2 crystallites. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Serquis, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 19 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 17 BP 2847 EP 2849 DI 10.1063/1.1571231 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 670GT UT WOS:000182399700034 ER PT J AU Mayer, TM Elam, JW George, SM Kotula, PG Goeke, RS AF Mayer, TM Elam, JW George, SM Kotula, PG Goeke, RS TI Atomic-layer deposition of wear-resistant coatings for microelectromechanical devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BINARY REACTION SEQUENCE; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; MONOLAYER FILMS; GROWTH; ADHESION AB Friction and wear are major concerns in the performance and reliability of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices employing sliding contacts. While many tribological coating materials are available, most traditional surface coating processes are unable to apply conformal coatings to the high aspect ratio (height/width) structures typical of MEMS devices. We demonstrate that thin, conformal, wear-resistant coatings can be applied to Si surface-micromachined structures by atomic-layer deposition (ALD). For this demonstration, we apply 10-nm-thick films of Al2O3 using a binary reaction sequence with precursors of trimethyl aluminum and water. Deposition is carried out in a viscous flow reactor at 1 Torr and 168 degreesC, with N-2 as a carrier gas. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that films are uniform to within 5% on MEMS device structures with aspect ratio ranging from 0 to >100. Films are stoichiometric Al2O3, with no evidence of contamination from other species, and are amorphous. Preliminary friction and wear data show that ALD films have promising properties for application to MEMS devices. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mayer, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011; George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759; George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 NR 19 TC 118 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 17 BP 2883 EP 2885 DI 10.1063/1.1570926 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 670GT UT WOS:000182399700046 ER PT J AU Doelsch, E Masion, A Rose, J Stone, WEE Bottero, JY Bertsch, PM AF Doelsch, E Masion, A Rose, J Stone, WEE Bottero, JY Bertsch, PM TI Chemistry and structure of colloids obtained by hydrolysis of Fe(III) in the presence of SiO4 ligands SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS) CY JUN 18-21, 2002 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE iron(III); silicon; colloid; speciation; structure; spectroscopy ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; K-EDGE EXAFS; GROWTH MECHANISMS; PO4 IONS; IRON OXYHYDROXIDES; FE OXYHYDROXIDE; NUCLEATION; SPECIATION; SILICATE AB Fe(III)-Si systems at various Si/Fe molar ratios and pH values were examined at the local and semi-local scale. The growth of Fe species is strongly dependent on the Si concentration: at Si/Fe < 1, the presence of edge and corner Fe-Fe linkages indicates a three dimensional growth regime, whereas for Si/Fe > 1, the predominance of edge linkages corresponds to a two dimensional growth. Si-O-Fe and Si-O-Si bonds are formed simultaneously from the lowest pH and the lowest Si/Fe. At low pH, silica domains of approximately 2 nm are detected within the samples having the highest Si/Fe ratios. The polymerization level of Si strongly decreases at high pH, whereas Fe polymerization is only moderately sensitive to pH variations. The high fractal dimension of these amorphous phases indicates dense aggregation. The evolution of the fractal dimension with pH is correlated with modifications of the Fe speciation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Aix Marseille 3, CNRS, CEREGE, UMR 6635,Europole Mediterraneen Arbois, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. Univ Georgia, AACES, SREL, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Masion, A (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 3, CNRS, CEREGE, UMR 6635,Europole Mediterraneen Arbois, BP 80, F-13545 Aix En Provence 04, France. RI doelsch, emmanuel/C-1404-2008 OI doelsch, emmanuel/0000-0002-7478-4296 NR 22 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD APR 28 PY 2003 VL 217 IS 1-3 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S0927-7757(02)00566-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 694FA UT WOS:000183762100014 ER PT J AU Babnigg, G Zagranichnaya, T Wu, XY Villereal, ML AF Babnigg, G Zagranichnaya, T Wu, XY Villereal, ML TI Differential tyrosine phosphorylation of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase and regulation of calcium pump activity by carbachol and bradykinin SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPACITATIVE CA2+ ENTRY; DROSOPHILA TRP; CELLS; RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION; CHANNEL; EXPRESSION; CLONING; HOMOLOG; INFLUX AB We investigated the effects of thapsigargin (TG), bradykinin (BK), and carbachol (CCh) on Ca2+ entry via endogenous channels in human embryonic kidney BKR21 cells. After depletion of Ca2+ stores by either TG, BK, or CCh, the addition of Ca2+ gave a much larger rise in Ca2+ levels in CCh-treated and TG-treated cells than in cells treated with BK. However, in experiments performed with Ba2+, a cation not pumped by Ca2+-ATPases, only a modest difference between CCh- and BK-stimulated Ba2+ entry levels was observed, suggesting that the large difference in the Ca2+ response is mediated by a differential regulation of Ca2+ pump activity by CCh and BK. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that when Ca2+ is removed during the stable, CCh-induced Ca2+ plateau phase, the decline of cytosolic Ca2+ is much faster in the absence of CCh than in its presence. In addition, if Ca2+ is released from a caged Ca2+ compound after a UV pulse, the resulting Ca2+ peak is much larger in the presence of CCh than in its absence. Thus, the large increase in Ca2+ levels observed with CCh results from both the activation of Ca2+ entry pathways and the inhibition of Ca2+ pump activity. In contrast, BK has the opposite effect on Ca2+ pump activity. If Ca2+ is released from a caged Ca2+ compound, the resulting Ca2+ peak is much smaller in the presence of BK than in its absence. An investigation of tyrosine phosphorylation levels of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) demonstrated that CCh stimulates an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation levels, which has been reported to inhibit Ca2+ pump activity, whereas in contrast, BK stimulates a reduction of PMCA tyrosine phosphorylation levels. Thus, BK and CCh have a differential effect both on Ca2+ pump activity and on tyrosine phosphorylation levels of the PMCA. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Neurobiol Pharmacol & Physiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Villereal, ML (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Neurobiol Pharmacol & Physiol, Abbott 532,947 E 58th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-54500] NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 17 BP 14872 EP 14882 DI 10.1074/jbc.M210418200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 672HX UT WOS:000182516100039 PM 12594217 ER PT J AU Miller, M Shuman, JD Sebastian, T Dauter, Z Johnson, PF AF Miller, M Shuman, JD Sebastian, T Dauter, Z Johnson, PF TI Structural basis for DNA recognition by the basic region leucine zipper transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; C/EBP-ALPHA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; DOMAIN; GCN4; GENE; GRANULOPOIESIS; ADIPOGENESIS AB CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors that regulate cell differentiation, growth, survival, and inflammation. To understand the molecular basis of DNA recognition by the C/EBP family we determined the x-ray structure of a C/EBPalpha bZIP polypeptide bound to its cognate DNA site (A(-5)T(-4)T(-3)G(-2)C(-1)G(1)A(3)T(5)) and characterized several basic region mutants. Binding specificity is provided by interactions of basic region residues Arg(289), Asn(292), Ala(295), Val(296), Ser(299), and Arg(300) with DNA bases. A striking feature of the C/EBPalpha protein-DNA interface that distinguishes it from known 89 bZIP-DNA complexes is the central role of Are, which is hydrogen-bonded to base A(3), phosphate, Asn(292) (invariant in bZlPs), and Asn(293). The conformation of Arg(289) is also restricted by Tyr(285). In accordance with the structural model, mutation of Arg(289) or a pair of its interacting partners (Tyr(285) and Asn(293)) abolished C/EBPalpha binding activity. Val(296) (Ala in most other bZlPs) contributes to C/EBPalpha specificity by discriminating against purines at position -3 and imposing steric restraints on the invariant Arg(300). Mutating Val(296) to Ala strongly enhanced C/EBPalpha binding to cAMP response element (CRE) sites while retaining affinity for C/EBP sites. Thus, Arg(289) is essential for formation of the complementary protein-DNA interface, whereas Val(296) functions primarily to restrict interactions with related sequences such as CRE sites rather than specifying binding to C/EBP sites. Our studies also help to explain the phenotypes of mice carrying targeted mutations in the C/EBPalpha bZIP region. C1 NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Prot Struct Sect, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Regulat Cell Growth Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miller, M (reprint author), NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Prot Struct Sect, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Johnson, Peter/A-1940-2012; Miller, Maria/I-1636-2013; OI Johnson, Peter/0000-0002-4145-4725; Miller, Maria/0000-0003-0252-5348; Shuman, Jon/0000-0001-8412-9087 NR 40 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 17 BP 15178 EP 15184 DI 10.1074/jbc.M300417200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 672HX UT WOS:000182516100077 PM 12578822 ER PT J AU Shalliker, RA Broyles, BS Guiochon, G AF Shalliker, RA Broyles, BS Guiochon, G TI Axial and radial diffusion coefficients in a liquid chromatography column and bed heterogeneity SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE diffusion coefficients; stationary phases; LC; packing density; packed columns; iodine ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; FLOW VELOCITY; VISUALIZATION; NMR; CONSOLIDATION; TRANSVERSE; MIGRATION; DIAMETER; PACKING AB The axial and transverse diffusion coefficients of a band of iodine in a chromatographic column were measured optically as a function of time. It was found that the axial diffusion coefficient remains constant even when the edges of the sample band get close to the wall. By contrast, the radial diffusion coefficient decreases progressively with increasing time when the edges of the sample band leave the core region and begin to diffuse inside the wall region. The local axial and transverse diffusion coefficients of the band decrease from the column center toward the wall. Hence, the increase in local height equivalent to a theoretical plate observed in the region close to the wall must be explained by increasing mass transfer resistances and degree of heterogeneity of the bed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Biostruct & Biomed Res, Richmond, NSW, Australia. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 994 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00311-X PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 676GT UT WOS:000182743500001 PM 12779215 ER PT J AU Bodwin, GT Lee, J Braaten, E AF Bodwin, GT Lee, J Braaten, E TI e(+)e(-) Annihilation into J/psi+J/psi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID J/PSI PRODUCTION; COLLIDERS AB Recent measurements by the Belle Collaboration of the exclusive production of two charmonia in e(+)e(-) annihilation differ substantially from theoretical predictions. We suggest that a significant part of the discrepancy can be explained by the process e(+)e(-)-->J/psi+J/psi. Because the J/psi+J/psi production process can proceed through fragmentation of two virtual photons into two c (c) over bar pairs, its cross section may be larger than that for J/psi+eta(c) by about a factor of 3.7, in spite of a suppression factor alpha(2)/alpha(s)(2) that is associated with the QED and QCD coupling constants. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bodwin, GT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 16 AR 162001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.162001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671RM UT WOS:000182477900012 PM 12731971 ER PT J AU Draeger, EW Grossman, JC Williamson, AJ Galli, G AF Draeger, EW Grossman, JC Williamson, AJ Galli, G TI Influence of synthesis conditions on the structural and optical properties of passivated silicon nanoclusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; QUANTUM DOTS; SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; CLUSTERS AB First-principles molecular dynamics and quantum Monte Carlo techniques are employed to gain insight into the effect of preparation conditions on the structural and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles. Our results demonstrate that (i) kinetically limited nanostructures form different core structures than bulk-derived crystalline clusters, (ii) the type of core structure that forms depends on how the cluster is passivated during synthesis, and (iii) good agreement with measured optical gaps can be obtained for nanoparticles with core structures different from those derived from the bulk. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Draeger, EW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 16 AR 167402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.167402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671RM UT WOS:000182477900047 PM 12732006 ER PT J AU Dressel, M Drichko, N Schlueter, J Merino, J AF Dressel, M Drichko, N Schlueter, J Merino, J TI Proximity of the layered organic conductors alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)MHg(SCN)(4) (M=K,NH4) to a charge-ordering transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-DIAGRAM; HIGH-FIELD; MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BEDT-TTF; ALPHA-(BEDT-TTF)(2)KHG(SCN)(4); STATE; EXCHANGE AB While the optical properties of the superconducting salt alpha-(BEDT-TTF)(2)-NH4Hg(SCN)(4) remain metallic down to 2 K, in the nonsuperconducting K analog a pseudogap develops at frequencies of about 200 cm(-1) for temperatures T<200 K. We show that the optical conductivity calculated with exact-diagonalization techniques on an extended Hubbard model at quarter filling is consistent with the observed low-frequency feature. We argue that the different optical responses observed are a consequence of the proximity of these compounds to a charge-ordering transition driven by the intermolecular Coulomb repulsion. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 1, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70506 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Dressel, M (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 1, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Dressel, Martin/D-3244-2012; Merino, Jaime/L-4135-2014 OI Merino, Jaime/0000-0002-2413-7189 NR 37 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 16 AR 167002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.167002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671RM UT WOS:000182477900035 PM 12731994 ER PT J AU Ebihara, T Bauer, ED Cornelius, AL Lawrence, JM Harrison, N Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Hundley, MF Uji, S AF Ebihara, T Bauer, ED Cornelius, AL Lawrence, JM Harrison, N Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Hundley, MF Uji, S TI Dependence of the effective masses in YbAl3 on magnetic field and disorder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY; STATE AB The susceptibility and specific heat-and hence the effective mass-of the intermediate valence compound YbAl3 show anomalous enhancement below the Fermi liquid temperature T(coh)similar to40 K. We show that these anomalies are suppressed by alloying in Yb1-xLuxAl3 indicating high sensitivity to lattice coherence. The de Haas-van Alphen effective masses for key branches of the Fermi surface are reduced by magnetic fields B>40 T. We argue that this reduction does not arise from 4f polarization but reflects renormalization of the quasiparticle states by the field. C1 Shizuoka Univ, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050003, Japan. RP Ebihara, T (reprint author), Shizuoka Univ, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. EM jmlawren@uci.edu RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011 NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 16 AR 166404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.166404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671RM UT WOS:000182477900028 PM 12731987 ER PT J AU Huang, MT Wong, WW Inokuti, M Southworth, SH Young, L AF Huang, MT Wong, WW Inokuti, M Southworth, SH Young, L TI Triple ionization of lithium by electron impact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; CHARGED-PARTICLES; MULTIPLE IONIZATION; DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; NEUTRAL ATOMS; THRESHOLD LAW; PHOTONS; HELIUM; SINGLE; IONS AB Ejection of the three electrons from lithium in a single electron collision has been observed for the first time. Triply charged lithium was observed in an ion time-of-flight spectrum following electron impact on a sample of ultracold, trapped lithium. The higher signal/background afforded by the trap environment made the observation of Li3+ possible. We measured the ratios of triple-to-double and double-to-single ionization at an impact energy of 1000 eV. The 3+/2+ ratio is approximate to0.001, a value 2 orders of magnitude lower than semiempirical predictions. We present a simple method that uses photoionization data combined with sum-rule analysis to predict the asymptotic charge-state ratios. The sum-rule predictions compare reasonably with experiment and shake calculations, but disagree sharply with the semiempirical estimates. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, MT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 16 AR 163201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.163201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671RM UT WOS:000182477900017 PM 12731976 ER PT J AU Jones, B Efthimion, PC Taylor, G Munsat, T Wilson, JR Hosea, JC Kaita, R Majeski, R Maingi, R Shiraiwa, S Spaleta, J Ram, AK AF Jones, B Efthimion, PC Taylor, G Munsat, T Wilson, JR Hosea, JC Kaita, R Majeski, R Maingi, R Shiraiwa, S Spaleta, J Ram, AK TI Controlled optimization of mode conversion from electron Bernstein waves to extraordinary mode in magnetized plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION; CYCLOTRON EMISSION; CURRENT-DRIVE; W7-AS STELLARATOR; HYBRID-RESONANCE; SPHERICAL TORUS; CDX-U; ABSORPTION; ENHANCEMENT; RADIATION AB In the CDX-U spherical torus, agreement between radiation temperature and Thomson scattering electron temperature profiles indicates similar to100% conversion of thermally emitted electron Bernstein waves to the X mode. This has been achieved by controlling the electron density scale length (L-n) in the conversion region with a local limiter outside the last closed flux surface, shortening L-n to the theoretically required value for optimal conversion. From symmetry of the conversion process, prospects for efficient coupling in heating and current drive scenarios are strongly supported. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 16 AR 165001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.165001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671RM UT WOS:000182477900020 PM 12731979 ER PT J AU Petrik, NG Kimmel, GA AF Petrik, NG Kimmel, GA TI Electron-stimulated reactions at the interfaces of amorphous solid water films driven by long-range energy transfer from the bulk SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION; ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS; LIQUID WATER; D2O ICE; TEMPERATURE; PROTONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DESORPTION; MORPHOLOGY AB The electron-stimulated production of D-2 from amorphous solid D2O deposited on Pt(111) is investigated as a function of film thickness. The D-2 yield has two components that have distinct reaction kinetics. Using isotopically layered films of H2O and D2O demonstrates that the D-2 is produced in reactions that occur at both the Pt/amorphous solid water (ASW) interface and the ASW/vacuum interface, but not in the bulk. The energy for the reactions, however, is absorbed in the bulk of the films and electronic excitations diffuse to the interfaces where they drive the reactions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kimmel, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Mail Stop K8-88,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gregory.kimmel@pnl.gov RI Petrik, Nikolay/G-3267-2015; OI Petrik, Nikolay/0000-0001-7129-0752; Kimmel, Greg/0000-0003-4447-2440 NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 16 AR 166102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.166102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671RM UT WOS:000182477900024 PM 12731983 ER PT J AU Sewtz, M Backe, H Dretzke, A Kube, G Lauth, W Schwamb, P Eberhardt, K Gruning, C Thorle, P Trautmann, N Kunz, P Lassen, J Passler, G Dong, CZ Fritzsche, S Haire, RG AF Sewtz, M Backe, H Dretzke, A Kube, G Lauth, W Schwamb, P Eberhardt, K Gruning, C Thorle, P Trautmann, N Kunz, P Lassen, J Passler, G Dong, CZ Fritzsche, S Haire, RG TI First observation of atomic levels for the element fermium (Z=100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVELS; CHEMISTRY; RUTHERFORDIUM; IONS AB The atomic level structure of the element fermium was investigated for the first time using a sample of 2.7x10(10) atoms of the isotope Fm-255 with a half-life of 20.1 h. The atoms were evaporated from a filament and stored in the argon buffer gas of an optical cell. Atomic levels were sought by the method of resonance ionization spectroscopy using an excimer-dye-laser combination. Two atomic levels were found at wave numbers (25 099.8+/-0.2) and (25 111.8+/-0.2) cm(-1). Partial transition rates to the 5f(12)7s(2) H-3(6)e ground state have been determined from their saturation characteristics. Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations suggest that the leading orders of these levels could be the 5f(12)7s7p I-5(6)o and 5f(12)7s7p (5)G(5)(o) terms. C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Kassel, Fachbereich Phys, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sewtz, M (reprint author), Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. NR 22 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 16 AR 163002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.163002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671RM UT WOS:000182477900016 PM 12731975 ER PT J AU Welp, U Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Liu, X Furdyna, JK Wojtowicz, T AF Welp, U Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Liu, X Furdyna, JK Wojtowicz, T TI Magnetic domain structure and magnetic anisotropy in Ga1-xMnxAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR (GA; SPIN INJECTION; MN)AS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; (GA,MN)AS; FERROMAGNETISM; EPITAXY; FILMS; FE AB Large, well-defined magnetic domains, on the scale of hundreds of micrometers, are observed in Ga1-xMnxAs epilayers using a high-resolution magneto-optical imaging technique. The orientations of the magnetic moments in the domains clearly show in-plane magnetic anisotropy, which changes through a second-order transition from a biaxial mode (easy axes nearly along [100] and [010]) at low temperatures to an unusual uniaxial mode (easy axis along [110]) as the temperature increases above about T-c/2. This transition is a result of the interplay between the natural cubic anisotropy of the GaMnAs zinc-blende structure and a uniaxial anisotropy which attribute to the effects of surface reconstruction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. PAS, Inst Phys, Warsaw, Poland. RP Welp, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM welp@anl.gov RI Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 NR 31 TC 232 Z9 234 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 16 AR 167206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.167206 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671RM UT WOS:000182477900045 PM 12732004 ER PT J AU Wilson, RD Krakowski, R AF Wilson, RD Krakowski, R TI Planning for future energy resources SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilson, RD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5619 BP 581 EP 581 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 671FB UT WOS:000182453700015 PM 12715795 ER PT J AU Hoffert, MI Caldeira, K Benford, G Volk, T Criswell, DR Green, C Herzog, H Jain, AK Kheshgi, HS Lackner, KS Lewis, JS Lightfoot, HD Manheimer, W Mankins, JC Mauel, ME Perkins, LJ Schlesinger, ME Volk, T Wigley, TML AF Hoffert, MI Caldeira, K Benford, G Volk, T Criswell, DR Green, C Herzog, H Jain, AK Kheshgi, HS Lackner, KS Lewis, JS Lightfoot, HD Manheimer, W Mankins, JC Mauel, ME Perkins, LJ Schlesinger, ME Volk, T Wigley, TML TI Planning for future energy resources - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CLIMATE C1 NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Houston, Inst Space Syst Operat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Econ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. MIT, Lab Energy & Environm, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Exxon Mobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. McGill Univ, Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Hoffert, MI (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Wigley, Tom/B-4705-2008; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5619 BP 582 EP 584 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 671FB UT WOS:000182453700017 ER PT J AU Swart, R Moreira, JR Morita, TN Nakicenovic, N Pitcher, H Rogner, HH AF Swart, R Moreira, JR Morita, TN Nakicenovic, N Pitcher, H Rogner, HH TI Planning for future energy resources SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. BUN, BR-04581001 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Transit New Technol Project, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. IAEA, Dept Nucl Energy, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Swart, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5619 BP 582 EP 582 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 671FB UT WOS:000182453700016 ER PT J AU Siders, CW Cavalleri, A AF Siders, CW Cavalleri, A TI Creating transient crystal structures with light SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; FEMTOSECOND RESOLUTION; DYNAMICS; GENERATION; PULSES C1 Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Florida Photon Ctr Excellence, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Siders, CW (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5619 BP 591 EP 592 DI 10.1126/science.1084470 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 671FB UT WOS:000182453700026 PM 12714730 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, AE Birch, KA Boldyrev, AI Li, X Zhai, HJ Wang, LS AF Kuznetsov, AE Birch, KA Boldyrev, AI Li, X Zhai, HJ Wang, LS TI All-metal antiaromatic molecule: Rectangular Al-4(4-) in the Li3Al4- anion SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-MOLECULES; AL-4(2-); CLUSTERS AB We report the experimental and theoretical characterization of antiaromaticity in an all-metal system, Li3Al4-, which we produced by laser vaporization and studied with the use of photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The most stable structure of Li3Al4- found theoretically contained a rectangular Al-4(4-) tetraanion stabilized by the three Li+ ions in a capped octahedral arrangement. Molecular orbital analyses reveal that the rectangular Al-4(4-) tetraanion has four pi electrons, consistent with the 4n Huckel rule for antiaromaticity. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Kuznetsov, Aleksey/F-1345-2010; Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009; Kuznetsov, Aleksey/E-5099-2015 OI Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669; NR 13 TC 177 Z9 180 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5619 BP 622 EP 625 DI 10.1126/science.1082477 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 671FB UT WOS:000182453700036 PM 12714740 ER PT J AU Birkholzer, J AF Birkholzer, J TI Penetration of liquid fingers into superheated fractured rock SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE finger flow; unsaturated fractured rock; thermal; vaporization ID THERMOHYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS; WATER SEEPAGE; HEATER TEST; TUFF; FLOW; INFILTRATION AB [1] Water infiltrating down a fracture in unsaturated rock experiences complex fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena when entering above-boiling rock temperature regions. Such conditions are expected, for example, after emplacement of heat-generating nuclear waste in underground repositories. A new efficient semianalytical method is proposed in this paper that simulates the flow processes of infiltration events subject to vigorous boiling from the adjacent hot rock. It is assumed that liquid flow forms in localized preferential flow paths and that infiltration events are typically short in duration but large in magnitude relative to the average net infiltration. The new solution scheme is applied to several test cases studying sensitivity to a variety of input parameters. Sample simulations are performed for conditions representative of the potential nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. A characteristic parameter is introduced that provides a quick estimate of the relative significance of boiling at a given location of interest. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Birkholzer, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 AR 1102 DI 10.1029/2002WR001464 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 678CH UT WOS:000182847100001 ER PT J AU Wu, YS Pan, LH AF Wu, YS Pan, LH TI Special relative permeability functions with analytical solutions for transient flow into unsaturated rock matrix SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Richards' equation; unsaturated zone; relative permeability; capillary pressure; analytical solutions; fracture-matrix interactions ID NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRS; RICHARDS EQUATION; POROUS-MEDIA; ABSORPTION; WATER; INFILTRATION; SURFACE; BURGERS AB [1] This paper presents a class of analytical solutions for transient flow into unsaturated rock matrix. These analytical solutions are derived using specially correlated, physically meaningful relative permeability and capillary functions. The transient flow processes in unsaturated rock matrix blocks are generally described by the Richards' equation. The analytical solutions describe the full transient behavior of flow into unsaturated matrix blocks and have proven (through various examples) to be useful for verifying numerical model results. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yswu@lbl.gov RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011; Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 25 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 AR 1104 DI 10.1029/2002WR001495 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 678CH UT WOS:000182847100003 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Kiran, B Wang, LS AF Zhai, HJ Kiran, B Wang, LS TI Electronic and structural evolution of monoiron sulfur clusters, FeSn- and FeSn (n=1-6), from anion photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; GAS-PHASE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; MOLECULES; SULFIDES; STATES; IONS; MONOXIDES; SPECTRA; TRENDS AB We report a photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of a series of monoiron-sulfur clusters FeSn- (n = 1-6) at various photon energies. Vibrationally resolved spectra were measured for FeS- and FeS3-. A wealth of electronic structure information was obtained for FeS and were tentatively assigned, yielding a (5)Delta ground state for FeS and a (7)Sigma(+) and a (5)Delta excited state at 0.675 and 1.106 eV above the ground state, respectively. Franck-Condon factor simulations were performed for the vibrationally resolved (5)Delta ground state and the (5)Delta excited state, yielding an Fe-S bond length of 2.18 and 2.29 Angstrom for the anion ground state and the (5)Delta excited state, respectively, as well as a vibrational temperature of 180 K for the anion. The electron affinities (EA's) of FeSn were measured to be 1.725 +/- 0.10, 3.222 +/- 0.009, 2.898 +/- 0.008, 3.129 +/- 0.008, 3.262 +/- 0.010, and 3.52 +/- 0.02 eV for n = 1-6, respectively. A significant EA increase was only observed from FeS to FeS2, whereas all larger species FeSn (n = 3-6) possess EA's similar to that of FeS2 within +/-0.3 eV. By comparing the trend of EA in FeSn to that of FeOn, we proposed that all the FeSn- (n > 1) species take (S-m(2-))Fe3+(S-n-m(2-)) type structures, in which Fe assumes its favorite +3 formal oxidation state. Preliminary density functional calculations were carried out and the obtained structures support the proposed structural evolution of the FeSn clusters. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, W R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 24 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 16 BP 2821 EP 2828 DI 10.1021/jp027867z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 669KF UT WOS:000182349900007 ER PT J AU Koizumi, H Larsen, M Armentrout, PB Feller, D AF Koizumi, H Larsen, M Armentrout, PB Feller, D TI Collision-induced dissociation and theoretical studies of Ag+(methanol)(n), n=1-4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CATION-ETHER COMPLEXES; SEQUENTIAL BOND-ENERGIES; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; GUIDED-ION-BEAM; GAS-PHASE; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; WATER INTERACTIONS AB Collision-induced dissociations of the Ag+(methanol) complexes for n = 1-4 are studied using kinetic energy dependent guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry. In all cases, the primary products are endothermic loss of an intact neutral ligand from the complex. The cross section thresholds are interpreted to yield 0 and 298 K bond dissociation energies (BDEs) after accounting for the effects of multiple ion-molecule collisions, internal energy of the complexes, and unimolecular decay rates. These values are compared with theoretical values obtained using high-level ab initio calculations. Generally, good agreement is found except for the third ligand. The nature of the bonding in these complexes and their BDEs are examined in detail. Although the effect is not as dramatic as in singly or doubly ligated copper complexes, 5s-4dsigma hybridization found in the Ag+(methanol)(n) complexes, n = 1 and 2, enhances the BDEs. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Armentrout, PB (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 74 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 24 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 16 BP 2829 EP 2838 DI 10.1021/jp0222548 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 669KF UT WOS:000182349900008 ER PT J AU Gilbert, B Frazer, BH Belz, A Conrad, PG Nealson, KH Haskel, D Lang, JC Srajer, G De Stasio, G AF Gilbert, B Frazer, BH Belz, A Conrad, PG Nealson, KH Haskel, D Lang, JC Srajer, G De Stasio, G TI Multiple scattering calculations of bonding and X-ray absorption spectroscopy of manganese oxides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; FINE-STRUCTURE; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-FIELD; MN; SPECTRA; LA1-XSRXMNO3; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY AB We present near edge X-ray absorption spectra of manganese oxides at the Mn L-2,L-3, Mn K, and O K edges to investigate the relative sensitivity of the edges to bonding and structure. Collectively, the spectra probe local electronic structure and intermediate range crystal structure. Spin independent full multiple scattering calculations of the Mn K edge give good agreement with data above threshold and qualitatively reproduce the prepeak that is observed for each compound. We show that the apparent prepeak for MnO is not due to p-d hybridization at the Mn atom (in accordance with symmetry principles) or quadrupolar transitions but originates from multiple scattering within the fifth shell. We present spin dependent multiple scattering calculations of the O K edge and show that this edge allows for a more direct description of the 3d states than either the Mn L edge or K edge prepeak, which are complicated by multiplet effects. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Dept Phys, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appliquee, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gilbert, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 455 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010; Gilbert, Pupa/A-6299-2010 OI Gilbert, Pupa/0000-0002-0139-2099 NR 49 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 24 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 16 BP 2839 EP 2847 DI 10.1021/jp021493s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 669KF UT WOS:000182349900009 ER PT J AU Niu, SQ Wang, XB Nichols, JA Wang, LS Ichiye, T AF Niu, SQ Wang, XB Nichols, JA Wang, LS Ichiye, T TI Combined quantum chemistry and photoelectron spectroscopy study of the electronic structure and reduction potentials of rubredoxin redox site analogues SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS RUBRERYTHRIN; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; MULTIPLY-CHARGED ANIONS; SPIN D5 COMPLEXES; BASIS-SET; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM; CORRELATION-ENERGY AB Iron-sulfur proteins are an important class of electron carriers in a wide variety of biological reactions. Determining the intrinsic contribution of the metal site to the redox potential is crucial in understanding how the protein environment influences the overall redox properties of the Fe-S proteins. Here we combine density functional theory and coupled cluster methods with photodetachment spectroscopy to study the electronic structures and gas-phase redox potentials of the [Fe(SCH(3))(4)](2-/-/0) and [Fe(SCH(3))(3)](-/0) analogues of the rubredoxin redox site. The calculations show that oxidations of [Fe(SCH(3))(4)](2-) and [Fe(SCH(3))(4)](-) involve mainly the Fe 3d and S 3p orbitals, respectively. The calculated adiabatic and vertical detachment energies are in good agreement with the experiment for [Fe(SCH(3))(3)](-) and [Fe(SCH(3))(4)](-). The current results further confirm the "inverted level scheme" for the high-spin [1Fe] systems. The redox couple, [Fe(SCH(3))(4)](-/2), which is the one found in rubredoxin, but cannot be accessed experimentally in the gas phase, was investigated using a thermodynamic cycle that relates it to the [Fe(SCH(3))(3)](-/0) couple and the ligand association reaction, [Fe(SCH(3))(3)](0/-) + SCH(3)(-) --> [Fe(SCH(3))(4)](-/2-). The calculated reduction energy of [Fe(SCH(3))(4)](-) (1.7 eV) compares well with the value (1.6 eV) estimated from the calculated bond energies and the experimental detachment energy of [Fe(SCH(3))(3)](-). Thus, this thermodynamic cycle method can be used to estimate metal-ligand bonding energies and determine intrinsic reduction potentials from photodetachment experiments when the reduced forms are not stable in the gas phase. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. OI Nichols, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5454-9726 NR 87 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 24 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 16 BP 2898 EP 2907 DI 10.1021/jp034316f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 669KF UT WOS:000182349900017 ER PT J AU Apra, E Fortunelli, A AF Apra, E Fortunelli, A TI Density-functional calculations on platinum nanoclusters: Pt-13, Pt-38, and Pt-55 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID METAL-CLUSTERS; WORK FUNCTION; PT/FE NANOCLUSTERS; EHT CALCULATIONS; TRANSITION; SURFACES; PT(111); ATOMS; QUADRATURE; MOLECULES AB The results of an accurate density-functional study of the structure, energetics and electronic structure of Pt-n clusters (with n = 13, 38, and 55) are presented. For Pt-38, a truncated octahedral geometry is considered; for Pt-13 and Pt-55, icosahedral, truncated decahedral, and cuboctahedral geometries are considered. In each case, the structure of the neutral and positively and negatively charged clusters is fully optimized within the given symmetry group. For Pt-13, allowing symmetry breaking starting from the symmetrical structures derives additional local minima. The computational procedure is thoroughly tested to keep numerical accuracy under control. From the electronic structure point of view, it is found that these systems start developing metallic characteristics, with ionization introducing small changes. From the structural point of view, for Pt13 the icosahedral configuration is not favored, whereas it becomes the ground state for Pt55, in agreement with the predictions of atom-atom potentials. Moreover, the lowest energy configuration of Pt13 is a symmetry-broken D-4h one, while for Pt-38 and Pt-55 a peculiar rearrangement is found, corresponding to an expansion (reconstruction) of the atoms lying on (111) or (100) faces. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CNR, IPCF, Mol Modeling Lab, I-56010 Ghezzano, PI, Italy. RP CNR, IPCF, Mol Modeling Lab, Via V Alfierei 1, I-56010 Ghezzano, PI, Italy. EM fortunelli@icqem.pi.cnr.it RI Apra, Edoardo/F-2135-2010 OI Apra, Edoardo/0000-0001-5955-0734 NR 55 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 24 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 16 BP 2934 EP 2942 DI 10.1021/jp0275793 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 669KF UT WOS:000182349900021 ER PT J AU Smith, MR Bittner, EW Shi, W Johnson, JK Bockrath, BC AF Smith, MR Bittner, EW Shi, W Johnson, JK Bockrath, BC TI Chemical activation of single-walled carbon nanotubes for hydrogen adsorption SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; SLIT PORES; STORAGE; H-2; PHYSISORPTION; OPTIMIZATION; TEMPERATURE; GRAPHITE AB Adsorption isotherms for hydrogen on single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) subjected to various types of pretreatment have been measured by a tapered-element oscillating mass analyzer. Isotherms at room temperature over a range of pressures up to 48 bar have been measured. We demonstrate that activation of the SWNT samples by mild oxidation in CO2, followed by heat treatment in an inert atmosphere, increases the hydrogen adsorption capacity of the SWNT samples by about a factor of 3 at 48 bar. Computer simulations have been performed to model the adsorption isotherms. Bundles of homogeneous (all the same diameter) and heterogeneous (composed of a number of different diameters) nanotubes have been considered. Isotherms computed using a standard graphitic potential for the nanotubes give remarkably good agreement with the experimentally measured isotherms before activation with CO2. The effect of activation is modeled by independently increasing the nanotube spacing and the solid-fluid interaction potential. We find that nanotube spacing alone cannot account for the measured increase in adsorption capacity. Increasing the interaction potential gives isotherms that are qualitatively different from experiments, while a combination of increased nanotube spacing and increased solid-fluid potential gives rough agreement with experiments. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Bockrath, BC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 49 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 24 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 16 BP 3752 EP 3760 DI 10.1021/jp027631v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 669KJ UT WOS:000182350200014 ER PT J AU Sugar, IP Lindesay, J Schmukler, RE AF Sugar, IP Lindesay, J Schmukler, RE TI Phenomenological theory of low-voltage electroporation. Electric field calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANES; CELLS AB In common electroporators, cells can be transfected with foreign genes by applying a 150-700 V pulse on the cell suspension. Because of Joule heating, the cell survival rate is 10-20% in these elecroporators. In a recently developed electroporator, termed the low-voltage electroporator (LVEP), cells are partially embedded in the pores of a micropore filter. In LVEP, cells can be transfected by applying 25 V or less under normal physiological conditions at room temperature. The large increase in current density in the filter pores, produced by the reduction of cur-rent shunt pathways around each embedded cell, amplifies 1000-fold the local electric field across the filter and results in a high-enough transmembrane voltage for cell electroporation. The Joule heat generated in the filter pore is quickly dissipated toward the bulk solution on each side of the filter, and thus cell survival in the low-voltage electroporator is very high, about 98%, while the transfection efficiency for embedded cells is above 90%. In this paper, the phenomenological theory of LVEP is developed. The transmembrane voltage is calculated along the membrane of the cell for three different cell geometries. The cell is either fully, partially, or not embedded in the filter pore. By means of the calculated transmembrane voltage, the distribution of electropores along the cell membrane is estimated. In agreement with the experimental results, cells partially embedded in the filter pore can be electroporated by as low as 1.8-3.5 V of applied voltage. In the case of 25 V applied voltage, 90% of the cell surface can be electroporated if the cell penetrates further than half of the length of the filter pore. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Biomath Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Physiol Biophys, New York, NY 10029 USA. Howard Univ, Computat Phys Lab, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Bioengn, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Sugar, IP (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Biomath Sci, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 24 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 16 BP 3862 EP 3870 DI 10.1021/jp022343k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 669KJ UT WOS:000182350200030 ER PT J AU He, XLL Bazan, JF McDermott, G Park, JB Wang, K Tessier-Lavigne, M He, ZG Garcia, KC AF He, XLL Bazan, JF McDermott, G Park, JB Wang, K Tessier-Lavigne, M He, ZG Garcia, KC TI Structure of the Nogo receptor ectodomain: A recognition module implicated in myelin inhibition SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; AXONAL REGENERATION; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; PROTEIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; COMPLEX; LIGAND; IDENTIFICATION; INTERACTS; DOMAIN AB Failure of axon regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is at least partly due to inhibitory molecules associated with myelin. Recent studies suggest that an axon surface protein, the Nogo receptor (NgR), may play a role in this process through an unprecedented degree of crossreactivity with myelin-associated inhibitory ligands. Here, we report the 1.5 Angstrom crystal structure and functional characterization of a soluble extracellular domain of the human Nogo receptor. Nogo receptor adopts a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) module whose concave exterior surface contains a broad region of evolutionarily conserved patches of aromatic residues, possibly suggestive of degenerate ligand binding sites. A deep cleft at the C-terminal base of the LRR may play a role in NgR association with the p75 coreceptor. These results now provide a detailed framework for focused structure-function studies aimed at assessing the physiological relevance of NgR-mediated protein-protein interactions to axon regeneration inhibition. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Div Neurosci, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Sci Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Garcia, KC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Bazan, J. Fernando/B-4562-2010 NR 39 TC 144 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0896-6273 J9 NEURON JI Neuron PD APR 24 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00232-0 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 672AM UT WOS:000182498300008 PM 12718853 ER PT J AU Andreotti, M Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Cibinetto, G Dalpiaz, P Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, K Graham, M Hu, M Joffe, D Kasper, J Lasio, G Lo Vetere, M Luppi, E Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Menichetti, E Metreveli, Z Mussa, R Negrini, M Obertino, M Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pordes, S Robutti, E Roethel, W Rosen, J Rumerio, P Rusack, R Santroni, A Schultz, J Seo, SH Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Tomaradze, A Uman, I Vidnovic, T Werkema, S Zweber, P AF Andreotti, M Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Cibinetto, G Dalpiaz, P Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, K Graham, M Hu, M Joffe, D Kasper, J Lasio, G Lo Vetere, M Luppi, E Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Menichetti, E Metreveli, Z Mussa, R Negrini, M Obertino, M Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pordes, S Robutti, E Roethel, W Rosen, J Rumerio, P Rusack, R Santroni, A Schultz, J Seo, SH Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Tomaradze, A Uman, I Vidnovic, T Werkema, S Zweber, P TI Measurements of the magnetic form factor of the proton for timelike momentum transfers SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE nucleon; form factors ID QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES AB Fermilab experiment E835 has measured the cross section for the reaction (p) over barp --> e(+)e(-) at s = 11.63, 12.43, 14.40 and 18.22 GeV2. From the analysis of the 66 observed events new high-precision measurements of the proton magnetic form factor are obtained. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Andreotti, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; OI Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Mussa, Roberto/0000-0002-0294-9071; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231 NR 5 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD APR 24 PY 2003 VL 559 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00300-9 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 667TY UT WOS:000182250400003 ER PT J AU Majumdar, D Roszak, S Balasubramanian, K Nitsche, H AF Majumdar, D Roszak, S Balasubramanian, K Nitsche, H TI Theoretical study of aqueous uranyl carbonate (UO2CO3) and its hydrated complexes: UO2CO3 center dot nH(2)O(n=1-3) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; ENERGIES; CHEMISTRY; MIGRATION; SYSTEM; ACIDS; NEON; OUCO AB Extensive ab initio calculations have been carried out to study the structure and bonding of hydrated UO2CO3 complexes using state-of-the-art techniques. The structures of aqueous UO2CO3 and its hydrated complexes have been further studied by considering the solvent as a polarizable continuum dielectric. The calculations have been carried out using polarization continuum, self-consistent isodensity polarizable continuum model, and conductor like screen models. The calculated uranyl frequencies of the hydrated UO2CO3 have been compared with the available vibrational frequencies and the nature of water binding has been analyzed using energy decomposition techniques. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Wroclaw Tech Univ, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 372 IS 1-2 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00404-4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 668TY UT WOS:000182310300034 ER PT J AU Kaledin, AL Miller, WH AF Kaledin, AL Miller, WH TI Time averaging the semiclassical initial value representation for the calculation of vibrational energy levels SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; FREEDOM AB An application of the initial value representation (IVR) of semiclassical (SC) theory to approximate the quantum mechanical time evolution operator, exp[-i (H) over capt/(h) over bar], requires an integral over the phase space of initial conditions of classical trajectories. The integrand of this integral is complex, i.e., has a phase, from which quantum coherence (in fact, all quantum) effects arise, but which also makes SC-IVR calculations more difficult than ordinary classical molecular dynamics simulations (the semiclassical version of the "sign problem"). A number of approaches have been devised to ameliorate the sign problem, and here we show how a time averaging procedure-the integrand of the phase space integral is time-averaged over the classical trajectory originating from each initial condition-can be profitably used in this regard, particularly so for the calculation of spectral densities (from which vibrational energy levels can be identified). This time averaging procedure is shown to greatly reduce the number of initial conditions (i.e., the number of classical trajectories) that are needed to converge IVR phase space averages. In some cases useful results can be obtained with only one classical trajectory. Calculations are carried out for vibrational energy levels of H-2 and H2O to illustrate the overall procedure. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kaledin, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM miller@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 16 BP 7174 EP 7182 DI 10.1063/1.1562158 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 666CH UT WOS:000182157700004 ER PT J AU Pak, C Sari, L Rienstra-Kiracofe, JC Wesolowski, SS Horny, L Yamaguchi, Y Schaefer, HF AF Pak, C Sari, L Rienstra-Kiracofe, JC Wesolowski, SS Horny, L Yamaguchi, Y Schaefer, HF TI Theoretical characterization of the disilaethynyl anion (Si2H-) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HARMONIC VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; SILICON-CONTAINING MOLECULES; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; INFRARED INTENSITIES; TRIPLET-STATES; ROW ATOMS AB The singlet-state potential energy surface of the disilaethynyl anion (Si2H-) has been investigated using ab initio self-consistent-field (SCF), configuration interaction with single and double excitations (CISD), coupled cluster with single and double excitations (CCSD), and CCSD with perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] levels of theory with large basis sets. Four stationary points [cyclic (monobridged) (1)A(1) (C-2v), linear (1)Sigma(+) (C-infinityv), bent (1)A' (C-s), and quasilinear (1)A' (C-s) structures] were located with the correlated wave functions, while only two stationary points [cyclic (monobridged) (1)A(1) (C-2v) and linear (1)Sigma(+) (C-infinityv) structures] were found with the SCF method. The cyclic structure (C-2v) is predicted to be the global minimum at all levels of theory. The linear structure (C-infinityv) is found to be a transition state between the two quasilinear structures (C-s) at the correlated levels of theory, while the SCF linear structure is predicted to be a transition state between the two cyclic structures. The quasilinear structure possesses a Si-Si-H bond angle similar to that of the monobridged Si2H2 molecule. The bent geometry is assigned to a transition state for the isomerization reaction between the cyclic and quasilinear structures. With the most reliable level of theory, augmented correlation-consistent polarized valence quadruple-zeta CCSD(T), the quasilinear structure is predicted to be 8.6 kcal/mol [7.9 kcal/mol with the zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) correction] above the cyclic (monobridged) structure, and the energy barrier for the cyclic-->quasilinear isomerization reaction is determined to be 12.1 kcal/mol (11.0 kcal/mol with the ZPVE correction). The inversion reaction between the quasilinear and linear structures is found to have a very small energy barrier. With the estimated aug-cc-pCVQZ CCSD(T) method the electron affinity of Si2H is predicted to be 2.31 eV, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental value 2.31+/-0.01 eV. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Computat Quantum Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Pak, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab 469, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 16 BP 7256 EP 7266 DI 10.1063/1.1561831 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 666CH UT WOS:000182157700013 ER PT J AU Salinger, AG Frink, LJD AF Salinger, AG Frink, LJD TI Rapid analysis of phase behavior with density functional theory. I. Novel numerical methods SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NANOSCALE PORES; FLUIDS; ADSORPTION; EQUATIONS AB The phase behavior of confined fluids is rich even for simple models of fluids and simple confining geometries. There has been a great deal of work to understand these systems, and density functional theories (DFT) of inhomogeneous fluids are often applied to determine phase diagrams quickly for these simple systems where symmetry in the physical problem reduces the computational problem to a one-dimensional calculation. More recently, there has been interest in developing DFT algorithms for treating fluids in complex confining geometries or at chemically heterogeneous surfaces where two- or three-dimensional calculations are required. In this paper we present three algorithms for the rapid and robust study of phase behavior in DFT models of inhomogeneous fluids and demonstrate their utility by analyzing capillary condensation in slit pores and ordered two-dimensional arrays of cylindrical fibers. The three algorithms are arclength continuation algorithms for tracing connected stable, metastable, and unstable branches, a phase transition tracking algorithm that allows for rapid computation of phase envelopes, and a spinodal tracking algorithm that allows one to assess the limits of metastability of a given state. In Paper II of this series, we apply these algorithms in a detailed investigation of capillary condensation in disordered porous media. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Frink, LJD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 16 BP 7457 EP 7465 DI 10.1063/1.1558313 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 666CH UT WOS:000182157700034 ER PT J AU Frink, LJD Salinger, AG AF Frink, LJD Salinger, AG TI Rapid analysis of phase behavior with density functional theory. II. Capillary condensation in disordered porous media SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO; COMPONENT FLUIDS; PORE STRUCTURE; ADSORPTION; EQUILIBRIUM; HYSTERESIS; MODEL; PREDICTIONS; DESORPTION; CATALYSTS AB For some time, there has been interest in understanding adsorption and capillary condensation in disordered porous media from a molecular perspective. It has been documented that the free energy landscape in these systems is complex with many metastable states. In this paper we explore the complexity of adsorption and capillary condensation in several simple models of disordered porous media constructed with parallel cylindrical fibers. We present nonlocal density functional theory calculations on a Lennard-Jones model fluid adsorbing in these porous materials coupled with the arclength continuation and phase transition tracking algorithms we presented in Paper I of this series. The arclength continuation algorithm allows us to trace out all the possible states between vapor-filled and liquid-filled pores. We find that capillary condensation is likely to occur in stages at high temperatures and strong wall-fluid interactions while the condensation occurs as a single transition at low temperatures and weak wall-fluid interactions. This paper also compares the extent of hysteresis on adsorption and desorption, discusses the validity of the Gibbs adsorption equation, and considers application of simple pore models in predicting the complexity of phase diagrams in disordered porous media. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Frink, LJD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ljfrink@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 16 BP 7466 EP 7476 DI 10.1063/1.1558314 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 666CH UT WOS:000182157700035 ER PT J AU Rios, AF Alvarez-Salgado, XA Perez, FF Bingler, LS Aristegui, J Memery, L AF Rios, AF Alvarez-Salgado, XA Perez, FF Bingler, LS Aristegui, J Memery, L TI Carbon dioxide along WOCE line A14: Water masses characterization and anthropogenic entry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ANTARCTIC INTERMEDIATE WATER; DEEP EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; INTERNAL CONSISTENCY; INORGANIC CARBON; PH MEASUREMENTS; FRACTURE-ZONES AB The meridional WOCE line A14, just east of the South Atlantic Mid-Atlantic Ridge, was surveyed during the austral summer of 1995 from 4degreesN to 45degreesS. Full-depth profiles of pH, total alkalinity (TA), and total inorganic carbon (C-T) were measured, allowing a test of the internal consistency of the CO2 system parameters. The correlation between C-T measured and calculated from pH and TA was very good (r(2)=0.998), with an insignificant average difference of 0.1+/-3.0 mumol kg(-1) (n=964 data). CO2 certified reference materials (CRMs) and a collection of selected samples subsequently analyzed at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography were used to assess the accuracy of our measurements at sea with satisfactory results. The three measured CO2 system variables were then used to identify the characteristic array of zonal flows throughout the South Atlantic intersected by A14. Equatorial, subequatorial, subtropical, and subantarctic domains were identified at the depth range of the surface water, South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), Upper Circumpolar Water (UCPW), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). The nonconservative CO2 system parameters (pH, TA, C-T) have been useful in identifying the transition from aged subequatorial to ventilated subtropical surface, central and intermediate waters. They have been identified as good tracers of the zonal circulation of NADW, with marked flows at the equator, 13degreesS, and 22degreesS (the "Namib Col Current'') and the sharp transition from UNADW to UCPW at 23degreesS. The anthropogenic CO2 inventory (C-ANT) was estimated and compared with CFC-derived apparent ages for different water masses along A14. The anthropogenic entry reached maximum in the relatively young and ventilated subantarctic and subtropical domains where AAIW was the most efficient CO2 trap. The calculated annual rate of C-ANT entry by AAIW was 0.82 mumol kg(-1) y(-1), in agreement with the annual rate estimated from the equilibrium between the atmospheric pCO(2) increase and the upper mixed layer. C1 CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Vigo 36208, Spain. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Batelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Edificio Ciencias Basicas, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Spain. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IRD,Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Oceanog Dynam & Climatol, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Rios, AF (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Eduardo Cabella 6, Vigo 36208, Spain. RI Alvarez-Salgado, Xose Anton/A-8365-2012; Reboreda, Rosa/A-2518-2012; Aristegui, Javier/D-5833-2013; Perez, Fiz F./B-9001-2011 OI Alvarez-Salgado, Xose Anton/0000-0002-2387-9201; Perez, Fiz F./0000-0003-4836-8974 NR 80 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C4 AR 3123 DI 10.1029/2000JC000366 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 678AZ UT WOS:000182843900001 ER PT J AU Robinson, MS Malaret, E White, T AF Robinson, MS Malaret, E White, T TI A radiometric calibration for the Clementine HIRES camera SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Clementine mission; spacecraft; HIRES camera; Moon; calibrated; scattered light ID SOUTH-POLE; MOON AB [1] We have successfully characterized the Clementine HIRES multispectral sensor entirely from inflight measurements. Relative calibration is obtained through dark subtraction (additive) and sensor spatial nonuniformity (multiplicative) on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Relative residuals from frame-to-frame are typically less than 1%. Absolute coefficients are obtained through comparisons with calibrated Clementine UVVIS images acquired nearly simultaneously with HIRES sequences. Residuals between the coregistered UVVIS and HIRES calibrated images are typically 5% but may be as high as 20%. The residual is found most likely to be the result of increased scattered light in the UVVIS relative to the HIRES. Application of the calibration allows for seamless mosaicking of monochromatic and color sequences aiding in interpretation of surface features of the Moon at the scale of about 25 m/pixel. The calibrated HIRES color sequences represent the highest resolution spectral image data of the Moon. C1 Northwestern Univ, Ctr Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Appl Coherent Technol Corp, Herndon, VA 22070 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Robinson, MS (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Planetary Sci, 1850 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 108 IS E4 AR 5028 DI 10.1029/2000JE001241 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 678BE UT WOS:000182844500001 ER PT J AU Hou, SS Bonagamba, TJ Beyer, FL Madison, PH Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Hou, SS Bonagamba, TJ Beyer, FL Madison, PH Schmidt-Rohr, K TI Clay intercalation of poly(styrene-ethylene oxide) block copolymers studied by two-dimensional solid-state NMR SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER; SPECTROSCOPY; MONTMORILLONITE AB The intercalation of poly(styrene-ethylene oxide) block copolymers (PS-b-PEO) into a smectite clay, hectorite, has been studied by multinuclear solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The behaviors of two copolymers with similar PEO block lengths (7 and 8.4 kDa) but different PS block lengths (3.6 vs 30 kDa) were compared. Polymer intercalation is assessed by two-dimensional H-1-Si-29 heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) NMR with spin diffusion and refocused Si-29 detection for enhanced sensitivity. Hydroxyl protons in the smectite layers serve as crucial spin diffusion references and H-1 magnetization relay points from the polymer to the Si-29 in the silicate. Experiments with CRAMPS evolution, with H-1 spin diffusion, and with detection of the sharp OH proton signal after a H-1 T-2 filter provide excellent sensitivity for spin diffusion studies with mixing-time series. Because of the mobility of PEO, in this homonuclear experiment we can observe PEO-PS and clay-polymer spin diffusion simultaneously. While the PS block is found not to be intercalated in either copolymer, definite proof of PEO intercalation in the sample with the shorter, 3.6 kDa PS block is provided by a H-1-C-13 HETCOR spectrum. In the PS-rich sample, the amount of intercalated PEO is much smaller, and a significant fraction of PEO is not intercalated. Two-dimensional H-1-Si-29 correlation NMR without H-1 homonuclear decoupling shows that intercalated PEO has a clearly reduced mobility, most prominently for the PEO nearest to the silicate surface. A model of the PEO blocks intercalating sideways into 50 nm diameter stacks of hectorite can explain the experimental results. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. USA, Res Lab, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Schmidt-Rohr, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Bonagamba, Tito/A-2166-2008; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 NR 26 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 8 BP 2769 EP 2776 DI 10.1021/ma025707f PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 669QJ UT WOS:000182361700032 ER PT J AU Cole, PJ Cook, RF Macosko, CW AF Cole, PJ Cook, RF Macosko, CW TI Adhesion between immiscible polymers correlated with interfacial entanglements SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CHAIN DIMENSIONS; GLASSY-POLYMERS; BLENDS; POLYCARBONATE; COPOLYMER; WIDTH; POLYETHYLENE; POLYSTYRENE AB Adhesion in immiscible, weakly bonded polymeric layered structures is explored. Of particular interest are common commercial polymers used in multilayered packaging materials. Based on the scission of entangled chains at the polymer-polymer interface, a correlation between the critical mechanical energy release rate for fracture (G(c)) and the characteristic number of interfacial entanglements (N-ent) is developed. N-ent, the ratio of the interfacial width to the average length scale required for entanglement, is calculable for a variety of homopolymers and random copolymers. Results of adhesion tests on melt and solvent laminated samples, coupled with random copolymer data from the literature, verify that a G(c) proportional to N-ent(2) relationship exists. For small N-ent, there are insufficient entangled chains to strengthen the interface, and the critical mechanical energy release rate goes to zero. The proposed model offers a method for designing new materials from common immiscible polymer systems. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Macosko, CW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 42 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 8 BP 2808 EP 2815 DI 10.1021/ma020789t PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 669QJ UT WOS:000182361700037 ER PT J AU De Boer, RJ Mohri, H Ho, DD Perelson, AS AF De Boer, RJ Mohri, H Ho, DD Perelson, AS TI Estimating average cellular turnover from 5-bromo-2 '-deoxyuridine (BrdU) measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 5-bromo-2 '-deoxyuridine; parameter fitting; labelling; T lymphocyte; cellular proliferation; AIDS ID T-CELLS; HIV-1 INFECTION; LIFE-SPAN; IN-VITRO; LYMPHOCYTES; KINETICS; PROLIFERATION; MEMORY; CD4(+); BROMODEOXYURIDINE AB Cellular turnover rates in the immune system can be determined by labelling dividing cells with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) or deuterated glucose (2 H-glucose). To estimate the turnover rate from such measurements one has to fit a particular mathematical model to the data. The biological assumptions underlying various models developed for this purpose are controversial. Here, we fit a series of different models to BrdU data on CD4(+) T cells from SIV- and SIV+ rhesus macaques. We first show that the parameter estimates obtained using these models depend strongly on the details of the model. To resolve this lack of generality we introduce a new parameter for each model, the 'average turnover rate', defined as the cellular death rate averaged over all subpopulations in the model. We show that very different models yield similar estimates of the average turnover rate, i.e. ca. 1% day(-1) in uninfected monkeys and ca. 2% day(-1) in SIV-infected monkeys. Thus, we show that one can use BrdU data from a possibly heterogeneous population of cells to estimate the average turnover rate of that population in a robust manner. C1 Univ Utrecht, Dept Theoret Biol, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP De Boer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Dept Theoret Biol, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. EM r.j.deboer@bio.uu.nl RI De Boer, Rob/B-6050-2011 OI De Boer, Rob/0000-0002-2130-691X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433, AI40387] NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 270 IS 1517 BP 849 EP 858 DI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2316 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 670GZ UT WOS:000182400300011 PM 12737664 ER PT J AU Levi, D Nelson, BP Reedy, R AF Levi, D Nelson, BP Reedy, R TI Studying early time HWCVD growth of a-Si : H by real time spectroscopic ellipsometry SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE hot-wire deposition; spectroscopic ellipsometry; in situ; hydrogenated amorphous silicon ID HOT-WIRE CVD AB We have applied real time spectroscopic ellipsometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry to study the growth of amorphous silicon by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. Differences in temperature and hydrogen content affect the optical properties of the film. These effects provide valuable insight into the growth process. We have compared a-Si:H films grown at two different temperatures to better understand these effects. Our studies reveal the presence of a distinct 100-200-thick layer at the top of the growing film. The properties of this layer are primarily determined by the ambient conditions in the growth chamber and appear relatively independent of substrate temperature. In contrast, the properties of the bulk of the film are strongly influenced by substrate temperature. These results imply that differences in film properties associated with substrate temperature are the result of subsurface reconstruction and diffusion processes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00123-8 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800005 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Wolden, CA AF Zhou, J Wolden, CA TI Modeling and measurement of film deposition in a one-dimensional hot-wire CVD system SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE hot-wire CVD; modeling; teflon; kinetics ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CF2 AB A novel hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HW-CVD) geometry was employed to study the deposition of Teflon-like films from hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO). In this configuration hot wires were replaced by thin ribbons, and under proper operating conditions the complex HW-CVD geometry is simplified to a one-dimensional system. The kinetics of both HFPO decomposition and Teflon deposition were measured as a function of operating conditions. A hybrid 2-D CFD/1-D stagnation flow model was used to interpret the results. At relatively low ribbon temperatures good agreement between model and experiment was observed. Deviations observed at higher ribbon temperatures were attributed to gas-phase polymerization of CF2 moieties, and participation of these oligomers in the deposition process. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wolden, CA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00126-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800007 ER PT J AU Wang, Q AF Wang, Q TI Combinatorial hot-wire CVD approach to exploring thin-film Si materials and devices SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-14, 2002 CL DENVER, CO DE Combinatorial approach; HWCVD; a-Si : H; mu c-Si AB Combinatorial approaches have become very powerful tools for discovering and optimizing new materials and devices. Increasing the experimental efficiency, i.e. the experimental throughput, is one of the central motivations for switching to a combinatorial approach. In this paper, the application of the combinatorial approach to researching amorphous-silicon-based materials and devices is demonstrated. Thin-film materials that gradually transition from amorphous to microcrystalline (muc) silicon with various hydrogen dilutions have been successfully, and rapidly, deposited on a single substrate using the hot-wire chemical vapor deposition technique. It is worth noting that no time is wasted in between loading, vacuuming, and heating the samples. Also, many thicknesses graded stripes can be grown on a substrate, allowing study of the thickness-dependent growth of the muc-Si. For device applications such as solar cells, the combinatorial approach can fabricate the solar cell in a way that permits rapid optimization of p-type, intrinsic, and n-type layers within the device structure. Also, a combination of n-, i- and players allows the study of each layer as well as the combinations of each layer on a single substrate. Based on this initial study, the combinatorial approach has speeded up the rate of experimentation by at least a factor of 10. Additional increases ranging from 10 to 100 are foreseeable with the aid of computer control and automations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM qi_wang@nrel.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00076-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800018 ER PT J AU Tessler, LR Wang, Q Branz, HM AF Tessler, LR Wang, Q Branz, HM TI The silicon neighborhood across the a-Si : H to mu c-Si transition by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE HWCVD; XAFS; microcrystalline silicon; amorphous silicon ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON AB We report a synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the average neighborhood of Si near the transition from a-Si:H to muc-Si on wedge-shaped samples prepared by hot-wire CVD in a chamber using a movable shutter. The thickness of the wedge varies from 30 to 160 nm. Nucleation of muc-Si occurs at a critical thickness of approximately 100 nm. X-Ray absorption was measured at the Si K-edge (1.84 keV) by total electron photoemission yield. The absorption oscillations in the EXAFS region are very similar to all along the wedge. Analysis indicates an average tetrahedral first neighbor shell with radial disorder decreasing with crystallization. In the near-edge (XANES) region multiple scattering effects appear at the onset of crystallinity. Unlike single crystal silicon, these effects involve only double scattering, within the first neighbor shell, indicating an ill-formed second shell in muc-Si. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tessler, LR (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, CP 6165, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RI Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00077-4 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800019 ER PT J AU Nelson, BR Xu, YQ Williamson, DL Han, DX Braunstein, R Boshta, M Alavi, B AF Nelson, BR Xu, YQ Williamson, DL Han, DX Braunstein, R Boshta, M Alavi, B TI Narrow gap a-SiGe : H grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE silicon; germanium; alloy; hot-wire ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; PHOTOMIXING TECHNIQUE; ALLOYS AB We have improved the quality of our narrow bandgap, a-SiGe:H grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) by decreasing our W filament diameter and our substrate temperature. We now grow a-SiGe:H with Tauc bandgaps below 1.5 eV having a photoresponse equal to or better than our plasma enhanced CVD grown alloys. We enhanced the transport properties-as measured by the photoconductivity frequency mixing technique-relative to previous HWCVD results. These improved alloys do not necessarily show an improvement in the degree of structural heterogeneity on the nanometer scale as measured by small-angle X-ray scattering. Decreasing both the filament temperature and substrate temperature produced a film with relatively low structural heterogeneity while photoluminescence showed an order of magnitude increase in defect density for a similar change in the process. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Nelson, BR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Boshta, Mostafa/0000-0001-6704-2756 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00085-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800024 ER PT J AU Moutinho, HR Jiang, CS Perkins, J Xu, Y Nelson, BP Jones, KM Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM AF Moutinho, HR Jiang, CS Perkins, J Xu, Y Nelson, BP Jones, KM Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM TI Effects of dilution ratio and seed layer on the crystallinity of microcrystalline silicon thin films deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE microcrystalline silicon; dilution ratio; seed layer; microstructure ID SOLAR-CELLS AB We deposited microcrystalline silicon (muc-Si) by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) at different thickness and dilution ratio, with and without seed layer. As the dilution ratio increased, we observed an increase in the amount of microcrystalline phase in the film, a change in the structure of the grains and a loss of the (220) preferential orientation. The films deposited over a seed layer had a larger fraction of crystalline phase than films deposited with the same parameters but without a seed layer. For high dilution ratios (R = 100), most of the film grows epitaxially at the interface with the Si substrate, but a microcrystalline film slowly replaces the single-crystal phase. For low dilution ratios (R = 14), the film starts growing mostly amorphously, but the amount of crystalline phase increases with thickness. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, HR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00096-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800030 ER PT J AU Han, DX Yue, GZ Wang, Q Shimizu, T AF Han, DX Yue, GZ Wang, Q Shimizu, T TI Neutral dangling bonds may not be the dominant recombination centers for photoconductivity in hot-wire a-Si : H SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE thermostimulated current; recombination center; activation energy; photodegradation ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; CONSTANT-PHOTOCURRENT-METHOD; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; THERMOSTIMULATED CONDUCTIVITY; DEFECT DENSITIES; STATES; LESR; CPM AB We explored the properties of the recombination centers in a-Si:H films deposited by HW-CVD compared to that by PE-CVD. Thermostimulated conductivity (TSC), electron spin resonance (ESR) and the constant photocurrent method (CPM) were measured before and after light soaking. We found that (a) the spectral lineshape of TSC and its light-induced changes show different features in HW- compared to those in PE-CVD films and (b) in the HW films the density of light-induced metastable defects. DeltaN(d), from CPM is larger than the DeltaDdegrees from ESR; however, in the PECVD films DeltaN(d), is smaller than DeltaDdegrees. Some possible explanations are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Fac Engn, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208667, Japan. RP Han, DX (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00099-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800031 ER PT J AU Williamson, DL Marr, DWM Iwaniczko, E Nelson, BP AF Williamson, DL Marr, DWM Iwaniczko, E Nelson, BP TI Small-angle neutron scattering studies of hot-wire CVD a-Si : H SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE small-angle neutron scattering; amorphous materials; hot-wire deposition; microstructure ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; ALLOYS AB Several a-Si:H and a-Si:D films prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition have been examined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to search for H non-uniformity in this material. The SANS measurements were supplemented by small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The differences in H/D detection sensitivity of these two techniques allow distinction of the scattering mechanisms. Two- or three-phase models are used to interpret the results quantitatively. Significant H non-uniformity, as well as a small fraction of microvoids, was found in the best-quality material. Samples grown with higher deposition rates or lower substrate temperatures have much larger void fractions. The size scale of the heterogeneity spans a range from 2 nm to more than 50 nm, with the largest features assigned to surface roughness. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Williamson, DL (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00109-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800044 ER PT J AU Xu, YQ Nelson, BP Gedvilas, LM Reedy, RC AF Xu, YQ Nelson, BP Gedvilas, LM Reedy, RC TI Improving narrow bandgap a-SiGe : H alloys grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE amorphous-silicon germanium alloy; optical bandgap; tauc gap; photo-to-dark conductivity ratio; photoresponse; substrate; filament ID SILICON-GERMANIUM ALLOYS AB We have improved the electronic properties of narrow-bandgap (Tauc gap below 1.5 eV) amorphous-silicon germanium alloys (a-SiGe:H) grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) by lowering the substrate temperature and deposition rate. Prior to this work, we were unable to grow a-SiGe:H alloys with bandgaps below 1.5 eV that had photo-to-dark conductivity ratios comparable with our plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) grown materials [B.P. Nelson et al., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. 507 (1998) 447]. Decreasing the filament diameter from our standard configuration of 0.5 mm to 0.38 or 0.25 mm provides first big improvements in the photoresponse of these alloys. Lowering the substrate temperature from our previous optimal temperatures (T-sub starting at 435 degreesC) to at 250 degreesC provides additional photo-to-dark conductivity ratio increasing by two orders of magnitude for growth conditions containing 20-30% GeH4 in the gas phase (relative to the total GeH4+SiH4 flow). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Xu, YQ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00110-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800045 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Page, MR Xu, XQ Iwaniczko, E Williams, E Wang, TH AF Wang, Q Page, MR Xu, XQ Iwaniczko, E Williams, E Wang, TH TI Development of a hot-wire chemical vapor deposition n-type emitter on p-type crystalline Si-based solar cells SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-14, 2002 CL DENVER, CO DE HWCVD; HIT cells; c-Si solar cell; H treatment AB We have developed a p-type, crystalline Si-based solar cell using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) n-type microcrystalline Si to form an n-p junction (emitter). The CVD process was rapid and a low substrate temperature was used. The p-type Czochralski (CZ) c-Si wafer has a thickness of 400 mum and has a thermally diffused Al back-field contact. Before forming the n-p junction, the front surface of the p-type c-Si was cleaned using a diluted HF solution to remove the native oxides. The n-type emitter was formed at 220 degreesC by depositing 50 Angstrom a-Si:H and then a 100 Angstrom muc-Si n-layer. The total deposition time to form the emitter was less than 1 min. The top contact of the device is a lithograph defined and isolated 1 X 1 cm(2) and 780 Angstrom indium tin oxides (ITO) with metal fingers on top. Our best solar cell conversion efficiency is 13.3% with V-oc of 0.58 V, FF of 0.773, and J(sc) of 29.86 mA cm(-2) under one-sun condition. Quantum efficiency (QE) measurement on this solar cell shows over 90% in the region between 540 and 780 nm, but poor response in the blue and deep red. We find that the ITO top contact that acts as an antireflection layer increases the QE in the middle region. To improve the device efficiency further, J(sc) needs to be increased. Better emitter and light trapping will be developed in future work. The cell shows no degradation after 1000 h of standard light soaking. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM qi_wang@nrel.gov NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(3)00112-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800047 ER PT J AU Iwaniczko, E Xu, Y Schropp, REI Mahan, AH AF Iwaniczko, E Xu, Y Schropp, REI Mahan, AH TI Microcrystalline silicon for solar cells deposited at high rates by hot-wire CVD SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE microcrystalline silicon; hot-wire CVD; solar cells; X-ray diffraction ID FILMS AB Using two tungsten (W) filaments and a filament-substrate spacing of 3.2 cm, we have explored the deposition of microcrystalline silicon (muc-Si) solar cells, with the i-layer deposited at high deposition rates (R-d), by the hot-wire CVD (HWCVD) technique. These cells were deposited in the n-i-p configuration on textured stainless steel (SS) substrates, and all layers were deposited by HWCVD. Thin, highly crystalline seed layers were used to facilitate crystallite formation at the n-i interface. Companion devices were also fabricated on flat SS substrates, enabling structural measurements (by XRD) to be performed on i-layers used in actual device structures. Using a filament temperature of 1750 degreesC, device performance was explored as a function of i-layer deposition conditions, including variations in i-layer substrate temperature (T-sub) using constant H-2 dilution, and also variations in H, dilution during i-layer deposition. The intent of the latter is to affect crystallinity at the top surface of the i-layer (i-p interface). We report device performance resulting, from these studies, with all i-layers deposited at R-d > 5 Angstrom/s, and correlate them with i-layer structural studies. The highest device efficiency reported is 6.57%, which is a record efficiency for an all-hot-wire solar cell. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Utrecht, Debye Res Inst, Phys Device, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Mahan, AH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Schropp, Ruud/C-6410-2009; Schropp, Ruud/I-7374-2012; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 OI Schropp, Ruud/0000-0003-4175-2658; NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 212 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00113-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800048 ER PT J AU Hu, J Branz, HM Crandall, RS Ward, S Wang, Q AF Hu, J Branz, HM Crandall, RS Ward, S Wang, Q TI Switching and filament formation in hot-wire CVD p-type a-Si : H devices SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE switching; amorphous silicon; filaments ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON AB We fabricate metal /a-Si/metal thin film switches which incorporate hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) Si layers. A H-diluted gas mixture is used to grow the B-doped, 1000 A hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers at approximately 10 Angstrom/s. We compare switching behavior in Cr/a-Si:H(p)/Ag and c-Si(p)/a-Si:H(p)/Ag structures containing p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon. We observed that the switching is polarity-dependent only in the sample on c-Si(p). Switching to a low-resistance state occurs at 0.4 mA/cm(2) when any of the metal contacts are biased positive. When the c-Si(p) is biased positive holes are injected and no switching occurs even up to 4 A/cm(2). We suggest that the switching requires a blocking metal/a-Si(p) contact, possibly because local electrical breakdown initiates metal filament formation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00117-2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800056 ER PT J AU Wang, TH Wang, Q Page, MR Bauer, RE Ciszek, TF AF Wang, TH Wang, Q Page, MR Bauer, RE Ciszek, TF TI Hydrogen passivation and junction formation on APIVT-deposited thin-layer silicon by hot-wire CVD SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE APIVT-silicon deposition; hot-wire CVD; heterojunction formation; silicon nitride AB The hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) technique was employed to deposit muc-Si emitters and a-Si-x:H passivation/antireflection films, and to hydrogenate silicon thin layers grown by atmospheric-pressure iodine vapor transport (APIVT). Photovoltaic devices with HWCVD muc-Si emitters on APIVT epitaxial silicon exhibit greater than 8% efficiency, similar to those made with diffused junctions. On polycrystalline APIVT-Si layers, a HWCVD-deposited muc-Si emitter reduces open-circuit voltage loss caused by grain boundaries. Hot-wire hydrogenation improves Hall mobility by approximately 50%. HWCVD a-SiNx:H films improve minority-carrier lifetime significantly after thermal annealing at temperatures up to 500 degreesC. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, TH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00125-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800059 ER PT J AU Fortmann, CM Mahan, AH Ward, S Anderson, WA Tonucci, R Hata, N AF Fortmann, CM Mahan, AH Ward, S Anderson, WA Tonucci, R Hata, N TI Hot-wire photonics: materials, science, and technology SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE amorphous silicon; photonics; H-implantation; optical switches ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; PROSPECTS AB The prospect of an integrated photonic technology has fueled an effort to understand the optical properties and to gauge the photonic engineering potential of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-based materials. Of particular interest for photonic engineering is the tunable range of the refractive index in amorphous silicon and the fast and slow light induced optical changes. The advance of photonic-engineered amorphous silicon technology requires an investigation into the relationships among fabrication processes, material properties, and the interrelations among the various optically important parameters. Here, the experimental investigation into H-implant refractive engineered amorphous silicon materials is detailed. Interestingly, the H-implant can interact with the amorphous structure to produce compacting of the structure, which may indicate refractive index increase. In addition, the evolving prospects for an amorphous silicon-based photonic technology will be up-dated. Waveguide-based light valve structures for the further scientific investigation of light induced refractive index change in amorphous silicon and technological applications are described. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. RP Fortmann, CM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Hata, Nobuhiro/F-9579-2014 OI Hata, Nobuhiro/0000-0002-8132-0895 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00134-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800063 ER PT J AU Dillon, AC Mahan, AH Alleman, JL Heben, MJ Parilla, PA Jones, KM AF Dillon, AC Mahan, AH Alleman, JL Heben, MJ Parilla, PA Jones, KM TI Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cat-CVD (Hot-Wire CVD) Process CY SEP 10-13, 2002 CL DENVER, COLORADO DE hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD); carbon multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs); carbon single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs); ferrocene ID GROWTH; FILAMENT; GLASS AB Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) has been employed for the continuous gas-phase generation of both carbon multi-wall and single-wall nanotube (MWNT and SWNT) materials. Graphitic MWNTs were produced at a very high density at a synthesis temperature of similar to600 degreesC. SWNTs were deposited at a much lower density on a glass substrate held at 450 degreesC. SWNTs are typically observed in large bundles that are stabilized by tube-tube van der Waals' interactions. However, transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed only the presence of isolated SWNTs in these HWCVD-generated materials. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dillon, AC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 430 IS 1-2 BP 292 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00084-1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 685AZ UT WOS:000183239800066 ER PT J AU Lu, ZM Zhang, DX AF Lu, ZM Zhang, DX TI On stochastic study of well capture zones in bounded, randomly heterogeneous media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stochastic processes; capture zones; heterogeneity; moment equations; Monte Carlo simulations ID STEADY-STATE FLOW; UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; TIME; NONUNIFORM; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION; CATCHMENTS AB [1] Accurately determining well capture zones is of great importance in aquifer cleanup and for the protection of drinking water. Earlier models in delineating capture zones assumed the medium to be homogeneous. Recently, stochastic approaches have been applied to studying capture zones in heterogeneous media. The Monte Carlo method is commonly used to infer the probability distribution of the resulting capture zones from multiple realizations of the aquifer of interest. In this study, we present a moment-equation-based approach to derive the time-dependent mean capture zones and their associated uncertainties. The flow statistics are obtained by solving the first two moments of flow, and the mean capture zones are determined by reversely tracking the nonreactive particles released at a small circle around each pumping well. The uncertainty associated with the mean capture zones is calculated based on the particle displacement covariance X-ij for nonstationary flow fields. For comparison purposes, we also conducted Monte Carlo simulations. It has been found that our model results are in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp EES6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lu, ZM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp EES6, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zhiming@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR 22 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 AR 1100 DI 10.1029/2002WR001633 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 678CF UT WOS:000182846900003 ER PT J AU Kurtz, S Geisz, JF Keyes, BM Metzger, WK Friedman, DJ Olson, JM Ptak, AJ King, RR Karam, NH AF Kurtz, S Geisz, JF Keyes, BM Metzger, WK Friedman, DJ Olson, JM Ptak, AJ King, RR Karam, NH TI Effect of growth rate and gallium source on GaAsN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; GAINNAS; PERFORMANCE; NITROGEN AB GaAs1-xNx with x=0.2% is grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition with growth rates between 2 and 7 mum/h and with two gallium sources. The GaAsN grown with trimethylgallium at high growth rates shows increased carbon contamination (>10(17) cm(-3)), low photoluminescent lifetimes (similar to0.2 ns), and high background acceptor concentrations (>10(17) cm(-3)). The GaAsN is improved if it is grown with a lower growth rate or if triethylgallium is used, resulting in lower carbon contamination (similar to10(16) cm(-3)), longer photoluminescent lifetimes (2-9 ns), and slightly lower background acceptor concentrations (<10(17) cm(-3)). The lifetime decreases with carbon concentration, implying that the low lifetimes in this sample set may be caused by nonradiative recombination at a center containing both N and C. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Spectrolab Inc, Sylmar, CA 91392 USA. RP Kurtz, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 16 BP 2634 EP 2636 DI 10.1063/1.1565500 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667WY UT WOS:000182258800028 ER PT J AU Liao, XZ Serquis, A Jia, QX Peterson, DE Zhu, YT Xu, HF AF Liao, XZ Serquis, A Jia, QX Peterson, DE Zhu, YT Xu, HF TI Effect of catalyst composition on carbon nanotube growth SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CO-MO CATALYSTS; IN-SITU; NANOPARTICLES; MECHANISM; DECOMPOSITION; EVOLUTION; THICKNESS AB Transmission electron microscopy was used to probe the compositions of individual Co-Mo bimetal catalyst particles and the morphologies of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) catalyzed by these particles under flowing carbon monoxide at 700 degreesC. It was found that the composition of the catalyst particle at a CNT tip and the distribution of Co within the particle largely determine the morphology of the CNT. A particle with low Co content (<15 at. %) tends to produce a long CNT, while a particle with very high Co content (>85 at. %) tends to produce onion-like structures. These observations provide insight into the CNT growth mechanisms. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xzliao@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 32 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 16 BP 2694 EP 2696 DI 10.1063/1.1569655 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667WY UT WOS:000182258800048 ER PT J AU Lavrik, NV Datskos, PG AF Lavrik, NV Datskos, PG TI Femtogram mass detection using photothermally actuated nanomechanical resonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED CHEMIMECHANICAL TRANSDUCTION; ATTONEWTON FORCE DETECTION; CANTILEVERS; SENSORS; MICROCANTILEVERS; MICROSCOPY AB Nanomechanical devices with very small mass and size have the potential for mass sensing at the level of individual molecules. In the present study, we designed nanomechanical mass sensors, demonstrated their operation under ambient pressure and temperature, and achieved femtogram-level mass sensitivity. Our nanomechanical resonators were gold-coated silicon cantilevers with resonance frequencies in the range of 1 to 10 MHz, characteristic thicknesses of 50-100 nm, and force constants of about 0.1 N/m. Using a cantilever with a resonant frequency of 2.2 MHz that was excited photothermally, we measured a mass change of 5.5 fg upon chemisorption of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. Our analysis indicates that, by decreasing the mass of the cantilever and increasing the excitation amplitude, even higher mass sensitivity can be realized in an easily accessible frequency range (<100 MHz). (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lavrik, NV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 NR 20 TC 206 Z9 209 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 16 BP 2697 EP 2699 DI 10.1063/1.1569050 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667WY UT WOS:000182258800049 ER PT J AU Jager, ND Urban, K Weber, ER Ebert, P AF Jager, ND Urban, K Weber, ER Ebert, P TI Nanoscale dopant-induced dots and potential fluctuations in GaAs SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS(110) SURFACE; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMS AB We identified p-type nanoscale dopant-induced dots that are formed by fluctuations of the dopant atom distribution in sufficiently thin GaAs p-n multilayers. Their electronic structure and the resulting potential variations were investigated by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy as a function of the number of dopant atoms within the dot. We find significant changes in the current-voltage characteristics of the dots compared to spatially nonconfined material, due to a reduced ability to screen the tip's electric field. This indicates a limited ability to deplete the dots of free holes arising from the presence of confining potentials surrounding the dopant-induced dots. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jager, ND (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM p.ebert@fz-juelich.de OI Ebert, Ph./0000-0002-2022-2378 NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 16 BP 2700 EP 2702 DI 10.1063/1.1569419 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667WY UT WOS:000182258800050 ER PT J AU Manson, JL AF Manson, JL TI Structural and magnetic behavior of the kinked chain Cu(hfac)(2)(tan) and its relevance to Cu(NO3)(2)(tan) (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate; tan=1,4,5-triazanaphthalene) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Frontiers of Inorganic Chemistry CY SEP 08-10, 2001 CL COPPER MOUNTAIN, COLORADO ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; 3-D NETWORK; COORDINATION POLYMERS; HIGH-SPIN; COMPLEXES; FRAMEWORK; PYRAZINE; LIGANDS; DICYANAMIDE; PYRIMIDINE AB When stoichiometric amounts of Cu(hfac)(2).H2O and 1,4,5-triazanaphthalene (tan) were combined in methanol, green crystals of Cu(hfac)(2)(tan) were formed. Its structure was determined at low temperature (P2(1)/c, a = 8.3308(4) Angstrom, b = 14.8945(7) Angstrom, c = 18.3046(10) Angstrom, beta = 99.298(2)degrees, V = 2241.5(3) Angstrom(3)) and found to consist of a novel kinked-chain arrangement where N atoms on opposite sides of the tan ligand bridge Cu(hfac)(2) moieties together. Long axial Cu-N bonds lead to rather weak (J/k(B) = -0.06(5) K) antiferromagnetic interactions according to a Bonner-Fisher fit of the magnetic susceptibility data. The magnetic behavior demonstrated by Cu(hfac)(2)(tan) contrasts markedly with that of Cu(NO3)(2)(tan), as reported by Hatfield and co-workers, and is attributed to the differing orientations of the Cu d(x2-y2) magnetic orbital. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Manson, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008,Bldg 7964-1,MS-6430, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2602 EP 2605 DI 10.1021/ic026159p PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 670DK UT WOS:000182392000019 PM 12691567 ER PT J AU Bean, AC Sullens, TA Runde, W Albrecht-Schmitt, TE AF Bean, AC Sullens, TA Runde, W Albrecht-Schmitt, TE TI Hydrothermal preparation of nickel(II)/uranium(IV) fluorides with one-, two-, and three-dimensional topologies SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Frontiers of Inorganic Chemistry CY SEP 08-10, 2001 CL COPPER MOUNTAIN, COLORADO ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; URANYL MOLYBDATES; VARIABLE DIMENSIONALITY; URANIUM OXYFLUORIDES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITION SPACE; SYSTEM; FRAMEWORK; HEXAFLUOROZIRCONATE AB A modified compositional diagram for the reactions of Ni(C2H3O2)(2).4H(2)O with UO2(C2H3O2)(2).2H(2)O and HF in aqueous media under mild hydrothermal conditions (200 degreesC) has been completed to yield three Ni(II)/U(IV) fluorides, Ni-(H2O)(4)UF6.1.5H(2)O (1), Ni-2(H2O)(6)U3F16.3H(2)O (2), and Ni(H2O)(2)UF6(H2O) (3). The structure of I consists of one-dimensional columns constructed from two parallel chains of edge-sharing dodecahedral [UF8] units. The sides of the columns are terminated by octahedral Ni(II) units that occur as cis-[Ni(H2O)(4)F-2] polyhedra. In contrast, the crystal structure of 2 reveals a two-dimensional Ni(II)/U(IV) architecture built from edge-sharing tricapped trigonal prismatic [UF9] units. The top and bottom of the sheets are capped by fac-[Ni(H2O)(3)F-3] octahedra, The structure of 3 is formed from [UF8(H2O)] tricapped trigonal prisms that edge share with one another to form one-dimensional chains. These chains are then joined together into a three-dimensional network by corner sharing with trans-[Ni(H2O)(2)F-4] octahedra. Crystallographic data: 1, orthorhombic, space group Cmcm, a = 14.3383(8) Angstrom, b = 15,6867(8) Angstrom, c = 8,0282(4) A, Z = 8; 2, hexagonal, space group P6(3)/mmc, a = 7.9863(s) Angstrom, c = 16.566(1) Angstrom, Z = 2; 3, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 12.059(1) Angstrom, b = 6.8895(6) Angstrom, beta = 7.9351(7) Angstrom, beta = 92333(2)degrees, Z = 4. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Leach Nucl Sci Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Albrecht-Schmitt, TE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2628 EP 2633 DI 10.1021/ic0262076 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 670DK UT WOS:000182392000022 PM 12691570 ER PT J AU Xu, JD Whisenhunt, DW Veeck, AC Uhlir, LC Raymond, KN AF Xu, JD Whisenhunt, DW Veeck, AC Uhlir, LC Raymond, KN TI Thorium(IV) complexes of bidentate hydroxypyridinonates SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Frontiers of Inorganic Chemistry CY SEP 08-10, 2001 CL COPPER MOUNTAIN, COLORADO ID ION SEQUESTERING AGENTS; SIMULATED WOUND CONTAMINATION; FERRIC ION; IN-VIVO; LIGANDS; 3,4,3-LIHOPO; CHELATION; ACTINIDES; DTPA; RAT AB The coordination chemistry of actinide(IV) ions with hydroxypyridinone ligands has been initially explored by examining the complexation of Th(IV) ion with bidentate PR-1,2-HOPO (HL1), PR-Me-3,2-HOPO (HL2), and PR-3,4-HOPO-N (HL3) ligands, The complexes Th(L-1)(4), Th(L-2)(4), and Th(L-3)(4) were prepared in methanol solution from Th(acac)(4) and the corresponding ligand. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses are reported for the free ligand PR-Me-3,2-HOPO (HL2) [P (1) over bar, Z = 8, a = 8.1492(7) Angstrom, b = 11.1260(9) Angstrom, c = 23.402(2) Angstrom, alpha = 87.569(1)degrees, beta = 86.592(1)degrees, gamma = 87.480(1)degrees], and the complex Th(L-2)(4).H2O [Pna2(1) (No. 33), Z = 4, a =: 17.1250(5) Angstrom, b = 12.3036(7) Angstrom, c 23.880 (1) Angstrom]. A comparison of the structure of the metal complex Th-PR-Me-3,2-HOPO with that of free ligand PR-Me-3,2-HOPO reveals that the ligand geometry is the same in the free ligand and in the metal complex. Amide hydrogen bonds enhance the rigidity and stability of the complex and demonstrate that the Me-3,2-HOPO ligands are predisposed for metal chelation. Solution thermodynamic studies determined overall formation constants (log beta(140)) for Th(L-1)(4), Th(L-2)(4), and Th(L-3)(4) of 36.0(3), 38.3(3), and 41,8(5), respectively. Species distribution calculations show that the 4:1 metal complex Th(L)4 is the dominant species in the acidic range (pH < 6) for PR-1,2-HOPO, in weakly acidic to physiological pH range for PR-Me-3,2-HOPO and in the high-pH range (>8) for PR-3,4-HOPO-N. This finding parallels the relative acidity of these structurally related ligands. In the crystal of [Th(L-2)(4)].H2O, the chiral complex forms an unusual linear coordination polymer composed of Iiiked, alternating enantiomers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Raymond, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES02698] NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2665 EP 2674 DI 10.1021/ic0259888 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 670DK UT WOS:000182392000026 PM 12691574 ER PT J AU Sullivan, M Ellis, RS Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Blanc, G Burns, MS Conley, A Deustua, SE Doi, M Fabbro, S Folatelli, G Fruchter, AS Garavini, G Gibbons, R Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, DE Hardin, D Hook, I Howell, DA Irwin, M Kim, AG Knop, RA Lidman, C McMahon, R Mendez, J Nobili, S Nugent, PE Pain, R Panagia, N Pennypacker, CR Perlmutter, S Quimby, R Raux, J Regnault, N Ruiz-Lapuente, P Schaefer, B Schahmaneche, K Spadafora, AL Walton, NA Wang, L Wood-Vasey, WM Yasuda, N AF Sullivan, M Ellis, RS Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Blanc, G Burns, MS Conley, A Deustua, SE Doi, M Fabbro, S Folatelli, G Fruchter, AS Garavini, G Gibbons, R Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, DE Hardin, D Hook, I Howell, DA Irwin, M Kim, AG Knop, RA Lidman, C McMahon, R Mendez, J Nobili, S Nugent, PE Pain, R Panagia, N Pennypacker, CR Perlmutter, S Quimby, R Raux, J Regnault, N Ruiz-Lapuente, P Schaefer, B Schahmaneche, K Spadafora, AL Walton, NA Wang, L Wood-Vasey, WM Yasuda, N CA Supernova Cosmology Project TI The Hubble diagram of type Ia supernovae as a function of host galaxy morphology SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general; cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; distance scale ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; PHOTOMETRIC STANDARD STARS; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; INTERGALACTIC DUST; COMPACT GALAXIES; SKY BRIGHTNESS; MASS-DENSITY AB We present new results on the Hubble diagram of distant type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) segregated according to the type of host galaxy. This makes it possible to check earlier evidence for a cosmological constant by explicitly comparing SNe residing in galaxies likely to contain negligible dust with the larger sample. The cosmological parameters derived from these SNe Ia hosted by presumed dust-free early-type galaxies support earlier claims for a cosmological constant, which we demonstrate at similar or equal to5sigma significance, and the internal extinction implied is small even for late-type systems (A(B)<0.2). Thus, our data demonstrate that host galaxy extinction is unlikely to systematically dim distant SNe Ia in a manner that would produce a spurious cosmological constant. Our analysis is based on new Hubble Space Telescope STIS 'snapshot' images and Keck-II echellette spectroscopy at the locations of the SNe, spanning the redshift range 0similar to1.5+/-0.11 mas yr(-1) toward the negative l relative to the near-side RCGs (3610 stars). This result can be explained by stars in the bar rotating around the Galactic Centre in the same direction as the Sun with v(b)similar to100 km s(-1). In the disc star (DS) and red giant (RG) samples, we do not find significant difference between bright and faint subsamples. For those samples Deltasimilar to0.3+/-0.14 mas yr(-1) and similar to0.03+/-0.14 mas yr(-1), respectively. It is likely that the average proper motion of RG stars is the same as that of the Galactic Centre. The proper motion of DSs with respect to RGs is similar to3.3 mas yr(-1) toward positive l . This value is consistent with the expectations for a flat rotation curve and solar motion with respect to local standard of rest. RGs have proper motion approximately equal to the average of bright and faint RCGs, which implies that they are on average near the centre of the bar. This pilot project demonstrates that OGLE-II data may be used to study streaming motions of stars in the Galactic bar. We intend to extend this work to all 49 OGLE-II fields in the Galactic bulge region. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sumi, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 340 IS 4 BP 1346 EP 1352 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06411.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 665KC UT WOS:000182118200027 ER PT J AU Bhat, PC AF Bhat, PC TI Run II physics at the Fermilab Tevatron and advanced analysis methods SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA DE advanced data analysis; multivariate; Fermilab Tevatron Run II physics AB The Fermilab Tevatron has the unique opportunity to explore physics at the electroweak scale with the highest ever proton-antiproton collision energy of roots = 1.96 TeV and unprecedented luminosity. About 20 times more data are expected to be collected during the first phase of the collider Run II, which is in its second year of data-taking. The second phase of Run II, expected to begin in 2005, will increase the integrated luminosity to about 10-15 fb(-1). Discovering a low-mass Higgs boson and evidence for Supersymmetry or other new physics beyond the Standard Model are the main physics goals for Run II. It is widely recognized that the use of advanced analysis methods will be crucial to achieve these goals. I discuss the current status of Run II at the Tevatron, prospects and foreseen applications of advanced analysis methods. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bhat, PC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 327 EP 333 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00438-8 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400003 ER PT J AU Terekhov, I AF Terekhov, I TI Meta-computing at D0 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA AB DO Run II is one of the two large collider experiments at Fermilab and one of the largest currently running High Energy Physics Experiments in the world. Its amount of data, throughput of data processing, and the size of the collaboration present a unique challenge for the experiment's meta-computing system. To meet the challenge, the SAMGrid system is being developed to allow globally distributed, high-throughput data processing with many Grid features. At the core of the system is the mature data handling system, SAM. We add the Job and Information Management to the data handling to arrive at a complete Grid. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Terekhov, I (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 402 EP 406 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00452-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400017 ER PT J AU Olson, DL Perl, J AF Olson, DL Perl, J TI Interfacing interactive data analysis tools with the GRID: the PPDG CS-11 activity SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA DE Grid; data analysis; network; computing AB For today's physicists, who work in large geographically distributed collaborations, the data grid promises significantly greater capabilities for analysis of experimental data and production of physics results than is possible with today's "remote access" technologies. The goal of letting scientists at their home institutions interact with and analyze data as if they were physically present at the major laboratory that houses their detector and computer center has yet to be accomplished. The Particle Physics Data Grid project (www.ppdg.net) has recently embarked on an effort to "Interface and Integrate Interactive Data Analysis Tools with the grid and identify Common Components and Services". The initial activities are to collect known and identify new requirements for grid services and analysis tools from a range of current and future experiments (ALICE, ATLAS, BaBar, D0, CMS, JLab, STAR, others welcome), to determine if existing plans for tools and services meet these requirements. Follow-on activities will foster the interaction between grid service developers, analysis tool developers, experiment analysis framework developers and end user physicists, and will identify and carry out specific development/integration work so that interactive analysis tools utilizing grid services actually provide the capabilities that users need. This talk will summarize what we know of requirements for analysis tools and grid services, as well as describe the identified areas where more development work is needed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Olson, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 420 EP 422 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00457-1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400022 ER PT J AU Baranovski, A Garzoglio, G Koutaniemi, H Lueking, L Patil, S Pordes, R Rana, A Terekhov, I Veseli, S Yu, J Walker, R White, V AF Baranovski, A Garzoglio, G Koutaniemi, H Lueking, L Patil, S Pordes, R Rana, A Terekhov, I Veseli, S Yu, J Walker, R White, V TI The SAM-GRID project: architecture and plan SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA AB SAM is a robust distributed file-based data management and access service, fully integrated with the DO experiment at Fermilab and in phase of evaluation at the CDF experiment. The goal of the SAM-Grid project is to fully enable distributed computing for the experiments. The architecture of the project is composed of three primary functional blocks: the job handling, data handling, and monitoring and information services. Job handling and monitoring/information services are built on top of standard grid technologies (Condor-G/Globus Toolkit), which are integrated with the data handling system provided by SAM. The plan is devised to provide the users incrementally increasing levels of capability over the next 2 years. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Espoo Vantaa Inst Technol, Espoo, Finland. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RP Garzoglio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 423 EP 425 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00458-3 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400023 ER PT J AU Vaniachine, A AF Vaniachine, A TI Data challenges in ATLAS computing SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA AB ATLAS computing is steadily progressing towards a highly functional software suite, plus a World Wide computing model which gives all ATLAS equal and equal quality of access to ATLAS data. A key component in the period before the LHC is a series of Data Challenges of increasing scope and complexity. The goals of the ATLAS Data Challenges are the validation of the computing model, of the complete software suite, of the data model, and to ensure the correctness of the technical choices to be made. We are committed to 'common solutions' and look forward to the LHC Computing Grid being the vehicle for providing these in an effective way. In close collaboration between the Grid and Data Challenge communities ATLAS is testing large-scale testbed prototypes around the world, deploying prototype components to integrate and test Grid software in a production environment, and running DC1 production at 39 'tier' centers in 18 countries on four continents. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vaniachine, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/H-7796-2013 OI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/0000-0002-0367-5666 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 446 EP 449 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00465-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400030 ER PT J AU Ratnikova, N Sciaba, A Wynhoff, S AF Ratnikova, N Sciaba, A Wynhoff, S TI Distributing applications in distributed environment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA DE software distribution; packaging; software environment; automation; GRID AB Software distribution is a process of delivering software products to the users. It is an essential part of the software process. The complexity of this task increases in the highly geographically dispersed collaborations, such as modern HEP experiments. This paper focuses on general requirements to the software distribution system, main problems and various solutions. New requirements specific to the successful software operation in the GRID environment are discussed. We describe the current organization of the CMS software distribution and automated tools developed and used for the software distribution within the Collaboration. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, CNAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ratnikova, N (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 234, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 458 EP 460 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00469-8 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400034 ER PT J AU Serbo, VV AF Serbo, VV TI Status of AIDA and JAS 3 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA DE Java; analysis; interfaces AB The goals of the AIDA project are to define abstract interfaces for common physics analysis objects, such as histograms, n-tuples, fitters, IO etc. The adoption of these interfaces should make it easier for physicists to use different tools without having to learn new interfaces or change all of their code. JAS is an interactive analysis application, written in Java, with a rich GUI and ability to work in client/server mode as well as a stand-alone application. JAS3 uses a highly modular component based framework, into which various analysis modules can be plugged. This paper describes the current status of AIDA and JAS. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Serbo, VV (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 663 EP 665 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00537-0 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400102 ER PT J AU Fine, VE Fisyak, YV Nevski, P Wenaus, T AF Fine, VE Fisyak, YV Nevski, P Wenaus, T TI OO/C plus plus reconstruction model based on GEANT3 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA DE reconstruction; geometry; navigation; GEANT3; ROOT AB An OO reconstruction model providing access to a GEANT3 geometry has been developed within the ROOT framework. The model includes classes to store GEANT3 simulated detector response (digits) and tools supporting navigation from digits to the geometry and vice versa. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fine, VE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 673 EP 675 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)0040-0 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400105 ER PT J AU Fine, VE AF Fine, VE TI Cross-platform Qt-based implementation of low level GUI layer of ROOT SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA DE ROOT; OO; GUI; cross-platform AB This paper describes an implementation of the low-level layer of the ROOT package based on the multiplatform graphics library. This approach allows ROOT developers and ROOT users to work with a code that has no X11/WIN32 graphics subsystem dependencies and at the same time opens an unrestricted access to a rich set of ready-to-use commercial and free GUI Qt-based widgets, which are available for download from http://root.bnl.gov Web site. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Fine, VE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 681 EP 683 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00542-4 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400107 ER PT J AU Arce, P Banerjee, S Boccali, T Case, M de Roeck, A Lara, V Liendl, M Nikitenko, A Schroder, M Straessner, A Wellisch, HP Wenzel, H AF Arce, P Banerjee, S Boccali, T Case, M de Roeck, A Lara, V Liendl, M Nikitenko, A Schroder, M Straessner, A Wellisch, HP Wenzel, H TI Simulation framework and XML detector description for the CMS experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2002) CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA DE CMS experiment; GEANT4; object-oriented software AB Currently CMS event simulation is based on GEANT3 while the detector description is built from different sources for simulation and reconstruction. A new simulation framework based on GEANT4 is under development. A full description of the detector is available, and the tuning of the GEANT4 performance and the checking of the ability of the physics processes to describe the detector response is ongoing. Its integration on the CMS mass production system and GRID is also currently under development. The Detector Description Database project aims at providing a common source of information for Simulation, Reconstruction, Analysis, and Visualisation, while allowing for different representations as well as specific information for each application. A functional prototype, based on XML, is already released. Also examples of the integration of DDD in the GEANT4 simulation and in the reconstruction applications are provided. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Tata Inst, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. HEPHY, Vienna, Austria. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Arce, P (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RI Arce, Pedro/L-1268-2014; OI Arce, Pedro/0000-0003-3009-0484; Boccali, Tommaso/0000-0002-9930-9299 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 687 EP 688 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00544-8 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400109 ER PT J AU Olson, DL AF Olson, DL TI Summary of parallel session I: grid testbeds and applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE grid; data analysis; data processing; portal AB This paper is a summary of talks presented at ACAT 2002 in parallel session I on grid testbeds and applications. There were 12 presentations on this topic that show a lot of enthusiasm and hard work by many people in bringing physics applications onto the grid. There are encouraging success stories and also a clear view that the middleware has a way to go until it is as robust, reliable and complete as we would like it to be. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Olson, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 807 EP 810 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00606-5 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400149 ER PT J AU Fine, VE Naumann, NA AF Fine, VE Naumann, NA TI Innovative algorithms and tools summary and outlook SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE innovation; algorithm; method; tools; stimulation; visualization AB This contribution provides a summary of the "Session IV: Innovative Algorithms and Tools". The "tools" portion of the session IV comprised three oral sessions, 12 talks by seven speakers, and three posters. The algorithmic part was covered by 15 talks and three poster presentations. We will try to give a summary of the main development directions, and state our personal views and interpretation on it as well as an outlook. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. Katholieke Univ Nijmegen, EHEF, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Fine, VE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. OI Naumann, Axel/0000-0002-4725-0766 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 2-3 BP 823 EP 826 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00610-7 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 678YC UT WOS:000182893400153 ER PT J AU Tomandl, I von Egidy, T Honzatko, J Bondarenko, V Wirth, HF Bucurescu, D Ponomarev, VY Graw, G Hertenberger, R Eisermann, Y Raman, S AF Tomandl, I von Egidy, T Honzatko, J Bondarenko, V Wirth, HF Bucurescu, D Ponomarev, VY Graw, G Hertenberger, R Eisermann, Y Raman, S TI Nuclear structure of Te-131 studied with (n,gamma) and ((d)over-right-arrow,p) reactions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE NUCLEAR REACTIONS Te-130(n, gamma); E = thermal; measured E gamma, I gamma, gamma gamma-coincidence; binding energy; Te-130(d, p); E=18 MeV; polarized d; measured particle spectra; sigma(theta); asymmetry; enriched targets ID BOSON-FERMION MODEL; LEVEL SCHEME; D,P; ENERGIES; ISOTOPES AB The structure of Te-131 has been investigated with the Te-130(n, gammagamma)Te-131 reaction using thermal neutrons and with the Te-130(d,p)Te-131 reaction using polarized deuterons with energy E-d = 18 MeV About 290 levels were identified in most cases including spin, parity and gamma-decay. The gamma-decay scheme after neutron capture is essentially complete containing about 100% of the decay of the capture state and about 100% of the population of the 11/2(-) isomer and of the ground state. The scheme includes 42 primary transitions with energies between 750 keV and 2500 keV The experimental level scheme is compared with predictions of the Interacting Boson-Fermion model (IBFM) and of the Quasiparticle Phonon Model (QPM). The isomeric ratio of the 11/2(-) isomer at 182.31(5) keV was determined to be 0.054(2). The neutron binding energy is 5929.38(6) keV The total thermal neutron capture cross section was found to be 186(13) mbarn. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Nucl Phys, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Latvian State Univ, Inst Solid State Phys, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia. Horia Hulubei Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest 76900, Romania. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tomandl, I (reprint author), Inst Nucl Phys, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. EM tomandl@ujf.cas.cz RI Tomandl, Ivo/G-7816-2014 NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 717 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S037509474(02)01390-8 PG 50 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 656ZL UT WOS:000181640900001 ER PT J AU Krasnitz, A Nara, Y Venugopalan, R AF Krasnitz, A Nara, Y Venugopalan, R TI Gluon production in the Color Glass Condensate model of collisions of ultrarelativistic finite nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; MCLERRAN-VENUGOPALAN MODEL; WILSON RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELDS; LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; SMALL-X; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; MINIJET PRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB We extend previous work on high energy nuclear collisions in the Color Glass Condensate model to study collisions of finite ultrarelativistic nuclei. The changes implemented include (a) imposition of color neutrality at the nucleon level and (b) realistic nuclear matter distributions of finite nuclei. The saturation scale characterizing the fields of color charge is explicitly position-dependent, A(s) = A(s) (x(T)). We compute gluon distributions both before and after the collisions. The gluon distribution in the nuclear wavefunction before the collision is significantly suppressed below the saturation scale when compared to the simple McLerran-Venugopalan model prediction, while the behavior at large momentum PT As remains unchanged. We study the centrality dependence of produced gluons and compare it to the centrality dependence of charged hadrons exhibited by the RHIC data. We demonstrate the geometrical scaling property of the initial gluon transverse momentum distributions for different centralities. Classical Yang-Mills results for p(T) < A(s) are simply matched to perturbative QCD computations for p(T) > A(s)-the resulting energy per particle is significantly lower than the purely classical estimates. Our results for nuclear collisions can be used as initial conditions for quantitative studies of the further evolution and possible equilibration of hot and dense gluonic matter produced in heavy ion collisions. Finally, we study pA collisions within the classical framework. Our results agree well with previously derived analytical results in the appropriate kinematical regions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Algarve, FCT, P-8000 Faro, Portugal. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Algarve, CENTRA, P-8000 Faro, Portugal. RP Nara, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ynara@physics.arizona.edu NR 74 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 717 IS 3-4 BP 268 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(03)00636-5 PG 23 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 656ZL UT WOS:000181640900006 ER PT J AU Burdman, G Nomura, Y AF Burdman, G Nomura, Y TI Unification of Higgs and gauge fields in five dimensions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID HIERARCHY PROBLEM; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; BULK FIELDS; TEV SCALE; ANOMALIES; ORBIFOLDS; SUPERSYMMETRY; BREAKING; MASSES AB We construct realistic theories in which the Higgs fields arise from extra-dimensional components of higher-dimensional gauge fields. In particular, we present a minimal 5D SU(3)(C) x SU(3)(W) model and a unified 5D SU(6) model. In both cases the theory is reduced to the minimal supersymmetric standard model below the compactification scale, with the two Higgs doublets arising from the 5D gauge multiplet. Quarks and leptons are introduced in the bulk, giving Yukawa couplings without conflicting with higher-dimensional gauge invariance. Despite the fact that they arise from higher-dimensional gauge interactions, the sizes of these Yukawa couplings can be different from the 4D gauge couplings due to wave-function profiles of the matter zero modes determined by bulk mass parameters. All unwanted fields are made heavy by introducing appropriate matter and superpotentials on branes, which are also the source of intergenerational mixings in the low-energy Yukawa. matrices. The theory can accommodate a realistic structure for the Yukawa couplings as well as small neutrino masses. Scenarios for supersymmetry breaking and the mu-term generation are also discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Burdman, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gaburdman@lbl.gov RI Burdman, Gustavo/D-3285-2012; OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 42 TC 158 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 656 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(03)00088-9 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 667KC UT WOS:000182229900001 ER PT J AU Smith, AV Armstrong, DJ AF Smith, AV Armstrong, DJ TI Generation of vortex beams by an image-rotating optical parametric oscillator SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; LASER-BEAMS; SOLITONS; LIGHT; TRAP AB We generate optical vortex beams in a nanosecond optical parametric oscillator based on an image-rotating resonator. This efficient new method of vortex generation should be adaptable to pulsed or continuous lasers. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM arlee.smith@osa.org NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 11 IS 8 BP 868 EP 873 DI 10.1364/OE.11.000868 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 669VY UT WOS:000182372200004 PM 19461800 ER PT J AU Efimov, A Taylor, AJ AF Efimov, A Taylor, AJ TI Nonlinear generation of very high-order UV modes in microstructured fibers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FIBERS AB Cobweb microstructured optical fibers are often strongly multimode in the visible and near infrared regions. This may lead to a number of intermodally phase-matched nonlinear processes. Here we describe a process of nonlinear generation of very high-order UV modes by pumping such fibers with 100 fs Ti:sapphire pulses. Wavelengths as short as 260 nm are generated through a mechanism distinct from supercontinuum generation. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Efimov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM efimov@lanl.gov OI Efimov, Anatoly/0000-0002-5559-4147 NR 9 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 11 IS 8 BP 910 EP 918 DI 10.1364/OE.11.000910 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 669VY UT WOS:000182372200010 PM 19461806 ER PT J AU Evans-Lutterodt, K Ablett, JM Stein, A Kao, CC Tennant, DM Klemens, F Taylor, A Jacobsen, C Gammel, PL Huggins, H Ustin, S Bogart, G Ocola, L AF Evans-Lutterodt, K Ablett, JM Stein, A Kao, CC Tennant, DM Klemens, F Taylor, A Jacobsen, C Gammel, PL Huggins, H Ustin, S Bogart, G Ocola, L TI Single-element elliptical hard x-ray micro-optics SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND REFRACTIVE LENSES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SHADOW; RANGE AB Using micro-fabrication techniques, we have manufactured a single element kinoform lens in single-crystal silicon with an elliptical profile for 12.398 keV (1Angstrom) x-rays. By fabricating a lens that is optimized at fixed wavelengths, absorption in the lens material can be significantly reduced by removing 2pi phase-shifting regions. This permits short focal length devices to be fabricated with small radii of curvatures at the lens apex. This feature allows one to obtain a high demagnification of a finite synchrotron electron source size. The reduced absorption loss also enables optics with a larger aperture, and hence improved resolution for focussing and imaging applications. Our first trial of these lenses has resulted in a one micron line focus (fwhm) at the National Synchrotron Light Source X13B beamline. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. New Jersey Nanotechnol Consortium, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Agere Syst, Allentown, PA 18109 USA. RP Evans-Lutterodt, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kenne@bnl.gov RI Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Stein, Aaron/0000-0003-4424-5416 NR 31 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 11 IS 8 BP 919 EP 926 DI 10.1364/OE.11.000919 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 669VY UT WOS:000182372200011 PM 19461807 ER PT J AU Huang, JY Liao, XZ Zhu, YT Zhou, F Lavernia, EJ AF Huang, JY Liao, XZ Zhu, YT Zhou, F Lavernia, EJ TI Grain boundary structure of nanocrystalline Cu processed by cryomilling SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DEFORMATION AB The microstructures of cryogenically ball-milled Cu were investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy. It was found that the grain-size reduction is a dislocation-controlled continuous process which consists of the formation of small-angle grain boundaries (GBs), a gradual increase in misorientations as a result of accumulation of more dislocations and, finally, the formation of large-angle GBs. The GBs were generally curved, wavy or faceted, and heavily strained, which are typical characteristics of nanostructured materials. In addition, extrinsic dislocations were found in many GBs, indicating that most are in a high-energy non-equilibrium configuration, which is consistent with observations in equal-channel angular pressing processed Cu, Ni, and Al-Mg, repetitive corrugation and straightening processed Cu and room-temperature ball-milled Cu. These results support a still-disputed concept that GBs in nanostructured metals processed by severe;plastic deformation are mostly in non-equilibrium states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, JY (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 12 BP 1407 EP 1419 DI 10.1080/1478643031000083633 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 666YH UT WOS:000182203700001 ER PT J AU McCann, C Kumaradas, JC Gertner, MR Davidson, SRH Dolan, AM Sherar, MD AF McCann, C Kumaradas, JC Gertner, MR Davidson, SRH Dolan, AM Sherar, MD TI Feasibility of salvage interstitial microwave thermal therapy for prostate carcinoma following failed brachytherapy: studies in a tissue equivalent phantom SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERTHERMIA APPLICATORS; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CANCER AB Thermal therapy is an experimental treatment to destroy solid tumours by heating them to temperatures ranging from 55degreesC to 90degreesC, inducing thermal coagulation and necrosis of the tumour. We are investigating the feasibility of interstitial microwave thermal therapy as a salvage treatment for prostate cancer patients with local recurrence following failed brachytherapy. Due to the electrical and thermal conductivity of the brachytherapy seeds, we hypothesized that the seeds could scatter the microwave energy and cause unpredictable heating. To investigate this, a 915 MHz helical antenna was inserted into a muscle-equivalent phantom with and without brachytherapy seeds. Following a 10 W, 5 s input to the antenna, the temperature rise was used to calculate absorbed power, also referred to as specific absorption rate (SAR). Plane wave models based on Maxwell's equations were also used to characterize the electromagnetic scattering effect of the seeds. In addition, the phantom was heated with 8 W for 5 min to quantify the effect of the seeds on the temperature distribution during extended heating. SAR measurements indicated that the seeds had no significant effect on the shape and size of the SAR pattern of the antenna. However, the plane wave simulations indicated that the seeds could scatter the microwave energy resulting in hot spots at the seed edges. Lack of experimental evidence of these hot spots was probably due to the complex polarization of the microwaves emitted by the helical antenna. Extended heating experiments also demonstrated that the seeds had no significant effect on the temperature distributions and rates of temperature rise measured in the phantom. The results indicate that brachytherapy seeds are not a technical impediment to interstitial microwave thermal therapy as a salvage treatment following failed brachytherapy. C1 Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Princess Margaret Hosp, Ontario Canc Inst, Div Med Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5S 2M9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Radiat Oncol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. RP McCann, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1041 EP 1052 AR PII S0031-9155(03)58796-6 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/48/8/306 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 676NV UT WOS:000182759300006 PM 12741500 ER PT J AU Granik, A Chapline, G AF Granik, A Chapline, G TI Transition from quantum to classical information in a superfluid SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB Whereas the entropy of any deterministic classical system described by a principle of least action is zero, one can assign a "quantum entropy" to quantum mechanical degree of freedom equal to Hausdorff area of the deviation from a classical path. This raises the question whether superfluids carry quantum information. We show that in general the transition from the classical to quantum behavior depends on the probing length scale, and occurs for microscopic length scales except when the interactions between the particles are very weak. This result illustrates the different roles that weakly interacting particles as photons vs. the particles in quantum fluids such as He4, He3, or XY ferromagnets might play in quantum information processes. In the context of regarding spacetime as a quantum superfluid our result provides a natural explanation why under ordinary circumstances physics is described by classical equations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pacific, Dept Phys, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Granik, A (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Dept Phys, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 310 IS 4 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(03)00370-0 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668HW UT WOS:000182285100002 ER PT J AU Brusov, P Brusov, P Lawes, G Lee, C Matsubara, A Ishikawa, O Majumdar, P AF Brusov, P Brusov, P Lawes, G Lee, C Matsubara, A Ishikawa, O Majumdar, P TI Novel sound phenomena in superfluid helium in aerogel and other impure superfluids SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID HE-3-HE-4 MIXTURES; HE-3 AB During the last decade new techniques for producing impure superfluids with unique properties have been developed. This new class of systems includes superfluid helium confined to aerogel, Hell with different impurities (D-2, N-2, Ne, Kr), superfluids in Vycor glasses, and watergel. These systems exhibit very unusual properties including unexpected acoustic features. We discuss the sound properties of these systems and show that sound phenomena in impure superfluids are modified from those in pure superfluids. We calculate the coupling between temperature and pressure oscillations for impure superfluids and for superfluid He in aerogel. We show that the coupling between these two sound modes is governed either by cpartial derivativep/partial derivativec or sigmarho(a)rho(s) (for aerogel) rather than thermal expansion coefficient partial derivativerho/partial derivativeT, which is enormously small in pure superfluids. This replacement plays a fundamental role in all sound phenomena in impure superfluids. It enhances the coupling between the two sound modes that leads to the existence of such phenomena as the slow mode and heat pulse propagation with the velocity of first sound observed in superfluids in aerogel. This means that it is possible to observe in impure superfluids such unusual sound phenomena as slow pressure (density) waves and fast temperature (entropy) waves. The enhancement of the coupling between the two sound modes decreases the threshold values for nonlinear processes as compared to pure superfluids. Sound conversion, which has been observed in pure superfluids only by shock waves should be observed at moderate sound amplitude in impure superfluids. Cerenkov emission of second sound by first sound (which never been observed in pure superfluids) could be observed in impure superfluids. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Phys Res Inst, Low Temp Lab, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hannam Univ, Dept Phys, Taejon, South Korea. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Harish Chandra Res Inst, Allahabad 211019, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Brusov, P (reprint author), Phys Res Inst, Low Temp Lab, 194 Stachki Ave, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. EM pnb1983@yahoo.com NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD APR 21 PY 2003 VL 310 IS 4 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(03)00347-5 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668HW UT WOS:000182285100009 ER PT J AU Brockhinke, A Daily, JW Miller, JC AF Brockhinke, A Daily, JW Miller, JC TI Laser applications to chemical and environmental analysis: introduction to the feature issue SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Editorial Material AB This issue of Applied Optics features 14 papers that describe recent advances of laser techniques, including instrumentation, application in combustion research, and detection of pollutants. Most of these contributions were presented at the Eighth Optical Society of America Topical Meeting on Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis (8th LACEA), held in Boulder, Colorado, 7-10 February, 2002. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US DOE, Germantown, MD 20841 USA. RP Brockhinke, A (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Univ Str 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. EM brockhinke@pc1.uni-bielefeld.de; john.daily@colorado.edu; john.miller@science.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2019 EP 2020 DI 10.1364/AO.42.002019 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 670BD UT WOS:000182386600001 PM 12716141 ER PT J AU Martin, MZ Wullschleger, SD Garten, CT Palumbo, AV AF Martin, MZ Wullschleger, SD Garten, CT Palumbo, AV TI Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the environmental determination of total carbon and nitrogen in soils SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Topical Meeting on Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis (8th LACEA) CY FEB 07-10, 2002 CL BOULDER, CO SP Opt Soc Amer ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTRA; SPECTROMETRY PY-MBMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FULVIC-ACID; HUMIC ACIDS; C-13; FLUORESCENCE; ELECTRODES; FRACTIONS; FOREST AB Soils from various sites have been analyzed with the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique for total elemental determination of carbon and nitrogen. Results from LIBS have been correlated to a standard laboratory-based technique (sample combustion), and strong linear correlations were obtained for determination of carbon concentrations. The LIBS technique was used on soils before and after acid washing, and the technique appears to be useful for the determination of both organic and inorganic soil carbon. The LIBS technique has the potential to be packaged into a field-deployable instrument. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Martin, MZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM martinm1@ornl.gov RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Martin, Madhavi/A-5268-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Martin, Madhavi/0000-0002-6677-2180 NR 21 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2072 EP 2077 DI 10.1364/AO.42.002072 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 670BD UT WOS:000182386600007 PM 12716147 ER PT J AU Mehta, A Thundat, T Barnes, MD Chhabra, V Bhargava, R Bartko, AP Dickson, RM AF Mehta, A Thundat, T Barnes, MD Chhabra, V Bhargava, R Bartko, AP Dickson, RM TI Size-correlated spectroscopy and imaging of rare-earth-doped nanocrystals SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Topical Meeting on Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis (8th LACEA) CY FEB 07-10, 2002 CL BOULDER, CO SP Opt Soc Amer ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; SINGLE MOLECULES; EU3+-Y2O3 NANOCRYSTALS; FLUORESCENCE EMISSION; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; NANOPARTICLES; DYNAMICS; BLINKING; IONS AB Isolated europium-doped metal-oxide nanoparticles were probed by size-correlated high-numerical-aperture (far-field) imaging techniques. A modified Digital Instruments Bioscope atomic force microscope mounted upon a Nikon TE300 inverted microscope was used to interrogate (dry) particles ranging in size from 2 to 150 nm on the surface of a glass or quartz coverslip. These experiments revealed several interesting features of doped-nanoparticle luminescence such as Poissonian occupation statistics, size-dependent luminescence efficiency enhancement for particle sizes of <10 nm, and correlation of interesting transient behavior at particle sizes of <5 nm. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Life Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Nanocrystals Technol, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Mehta, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Life Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barnesmd1@ornl.gov NR 28 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 12 BP 2132 EP 2139 DI 10.1364/AO.42.002132 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 670BD UT WOS:000182386600015 PM 12716155 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P Trabert, E Pinnington, EH AF Beiersdorfer, P Trabert, E Pinnington, EH TI Experimental transition rate of the green coronal line of Fe XIV SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; methods : laboratory; Sun : corona; techniques : spectroscopic ID BEAM ION-TRAP; ENERGY-LEVEL SCHEME; 1S2S S-3(1) LEVEL; AL-LIKE IONS; FORBIDDEN LINES; LIFETIME MEASUREMENT; STORAGE-RING; ATOMIC DATA; NPQ IONS; INTENSITIES AB The transition probability of the electric dipole forbidden transition in the ground state of Fe XIV (Al-like), the "green coronal line'' at 5302.86 Angstrom, has been measured using the Livermore electron beam ion trap. Our result for the 3s(2)3p(2) P-2(3/2)o atomic level lifetime is 16.74 +/- 0.12 ms, which differs significantly from an earlier measurement, and is the most accurate one to date. The measured transition rate of 59.7 +/- 0.4 s(-1) corroborates some earlier calculations, but not all of the more recent ones. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys & Space Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys & Space Technol, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 587 IS 2 BP 836 EP 840 DI 10.1086/368280 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 666CR UT WOS:000182159400035 ER PT J AU Scherer, J Ocko, BM Magnussen, OM AF Scherer, J Ocko, BM Magnussen, OM TI Structure, dissolution, and passivation of Ni(111) electrodes in sulfuric acid solution: an in situ STM, X-ray scattering, and electrochemical study SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE nickel; oxidation; dissolution; electrochemistry; STM; x-ray diffraction ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; NIO(111) THIN-FILMS; OXIDE-FILMS; NICKEL ELECTRODES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ANODIC-DISSOLUTION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ADSORBED SULFATE AB Results of a detailed study of Ni(111) surfaces in air and in sulfuric acid solution (pH 1.0-2.7) by a combination of STM, surface X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation, and electrochemical techniques are presented. Ni(111) samples, prepared via annealing in H-2 and exposure to air at room temperature, are covered by a smooth three to four layers thick NiO(111) film with parallel (NiO[1 (1) over bar0]Ni[1 (1) over bar0]) and anti-parallel (NiO[1 (1) over bar0]parallel toNi[(1) over bar 10]) in-plane orientation. Electrochemical reduction at potentials less than or equal to -0.40 V-Ag/AgCl results in the formation of a well-defined, oxide-free surface with large terraces, a low surface mobility, and a (1 x 1) lattice on the atomic scale. X-ray reflectivity data indicate vertical lattice expansion for the topmost Ni layer and a strongly bound sulfate or oxygen species. Active Ni dissolution commences at potentials greater than or equal to -0.25 V-Ag/AgCl by a step-flow mechanism, followed by the rapid formation of large three-dimensional etch pits, leading to considerable surface roughening. In situ STM observations of the passive film formation show at potentials greater than or equal to -0.10 V-Ag/AgCl the nucleation and growth of an initial 'grainy' phase, which is attributed to a Ni hydroxide, followed by a slower restructuring process. According to our combined STM and SXS data, the resulting steady-state passive film exhibits a duplex structure, with a crystalline, inner NiO(111) layer, consisting of exclusively anti-parallel oriented grains (NiO[1 (1) over bar0]parallel toNi[(1) over bar 10]) which are slightly tilted relative to the substrate lattice, and a porous, probably amorphous hydroxide phase on top. The thickness of the crystalline NiO film increases with potential by 14-17 Angstrom V-1. In addition, structural changes of the oxide film during immersion of Ni samples into the sulfuric acid solution at potentials in the passive range and after emersion from the electrolyte were observed, which indicate the slow conversion of the air-formed into the passive oxide and the (partial) reformation of the air-formed oxide, respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ulm, Abt Oberflachenchem & Katalyse, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Magnussen, OM (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-24089 Kiel, Germany. NR 92 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1169 EP 1191 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00827-7 PG 23 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 660BQ UT WOS:000181814400009 ER PT J AU Halpern, MB Helfgott, C AF Halpern, MB Helfgott, C TI Extended operator algebra and reducibility in the WZW permutation orbifolds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE current algebra; conformal field theory; orbifolds ID GENERAL VIRASORO CONSTRUCTION; PION-QUARK MODEL; 2 DIMENSIONS; AFFINE-G; FACES AB Recently the operator algebra, including the twisted affine primary fields, and a set of twisted KZ equations were given for the WZW permutation orbifolds. In the first part of this paper we extend this operator algebra to include the so-called orbifold Virasoro algebra of each WZW permutation orbifold. These algebras generalize the orbifold Virasoro algebras (twisted Virasoro operators) found some years ago in the cyclic permutation orbifolds. In the second part, we discuss the reducibility of the twisted affine primary fields of the WZW permutation orbifolds, obtaining a simpler set of single-cycle twisted KZ equations. Finally we combine the orbifold Virasoro algebra and the single-cycle twisted KZ equations to investigate the spectrum of each orbifold, identifying the analogues of the principal primary states and fields also seen earlier in cyclic permutation orbifolds. Some remarks about general WZW orbifolds are also included. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Halpern, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1773 EP 1826 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03013971 PG 54 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 671LJ UT WOS:000182466000005 ER PT J AU Dzero, M Gor'kov, LP Kresin, VZ AF Dzero, M Gor'kov, LP Kresin, VZ TI On magnetoconductivity of metallic manganite phases and heterostructures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE manganites; magnetoresistance; manganite heterostructures ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; DOUBLE EXCHANGE; LA1-XSRXMNO3; STATE; TRANSITION AB We use the double exchange (DE) model via degenerate orbitals and tight-binding approximation to study the magnetoconductivity of a canted A-phase of pseudo-cubic manganites. It is argued that the model is applicable in a broad concentration range for manganites A(1-x)B(x)MnO(3) with the tolerance factor t close to one. As for the sub-stitutional disorder, scattering on random Jahn-Teller distortions of MnO6 octahedra is chosen. We emphasize an intimate correlation between the carrier concentration and resistivity value of metallic manganites. Magnetoresistance as a function of magnetization is calculated for a canted A-phase for both in-plane and out-of-plane current directions. A contact between two manganite phases is considered and structure of the transition region near the contact is discussed. Numerical calculations show charge redistribution near the contact and a large screening length of the order of five inter-atomic distances. We employed our results to interpret data obtained in recent experiments on La0.4Sr0.6MnO3/La0.55Sr0.45MnO3 superlattices. We also briefly discuss the relative importance of the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortions, double exchange mechanism and super-exchange interactions for the formation of the A-phase at increasing Sr concentrations x > 0.45 in La1-xSrxMnO3 which suggest that the Jahn-Teller contraction of octahedra, c/a < 1, plays a prevailing role. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dzero, M (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, 1800 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2095 EP 2115 DI 10.1142/S0217979203018120 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 691HJ UT WOS:000183599800009 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD Moore, DH Ramsey, MJ Kato, P Langlois, RG Burroughs, B Long, L Garry, VF AF Tucker, JD Moore, DH Ramsey, MJ Kato, P Langlois, RG Burroughs, B Long, L Garry, VF TI Multi-endpoint biological monitoring of phosphine workers SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE phosphine gas; human exposure; chromosome translocations; glycophorin A variants ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; GLYCOPHORIN-A LOCUS; EXPOSURE; INHALATION; TRANSLOCATIONS; MICE; GENOTOXICITY; ERYTHROCYTES; FREQUENCY; APPLIERS AB The pesticide phosphine (PH3)is a suspected carcinogen and a known clastogen which has been shown to produce chromosome damage in agricultural workers. To confirm and extend these results we evaluated 22 phosphine appliers and 26 controls matched for age and smoking status. Two independent methods were used to evaluate exposure: fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole-chromosome paints of chromosomes 1, 2, and 4 labeled in a single color to quantify translocations in peripheral lymphocytes, and the glycophorin A (GPA) assay to quantify phenotypically mutant (NO or NN) erythrocytes. No differences in the frequency of translocations were found in the phosphine appliers compared to the controls, and no effect of cigarette smoking was observed. However, a significant increase in the frequency of translocations with age (P < 0.0001) was seen. No effect of phosphine exposure or cigarette smoking was observed in the GPA assay. These results are in contrast to previous findings from this same population which showed an increase in chromosome aberrations among phosphine appliers. The results are most easily interpreted as supporting the effectiveness of the personal protective equipment that is now worn by the workers but which was not employed prior to and during the earlier studies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Minnesota, Stone Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1370 Biol Sci Bldg,5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 61183] NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 536 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00014-7 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 675HQ UT WOS:000182688300002 PM 12694741 ER PT J AU Vo-Dinh, T Griffin, G Stokes, DL Wintenberg, A AF Vo-Dinh, T Griffin, G Stokes, DL Wintenberg, A TI Multi-functional biochip for medical diagnostics and pathogen detection SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Optical Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (Europt(r)ode VI) CY APR 07-10, 2002 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND DE biochip; antibody probes; DNA; Bacillus anthracis; Escherichia coli ID DNA; MICROARRAY; SYSTEM AB We describe a multi-functional biochip (MFB), which uses two different types of bioreceptors, including nucleic acid and antibody probes, on a single platform. The multi-functional capability of the MFB device for biomedical diagnostics is illustrated by measurements of DNA probes specific to gene fragments of Bacillus anthracis and antibody probes targeted to Escherichia coli. Calibration curves for monitoring pathogenic species using antibody probes against E. coli and DNA probes for B. anthracis illustrate the capability of the device for medical diagnostics and for quantitative detection of pathogenic agents. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00048-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 668EJ UT WOS:000182277100016 ER PT J AU Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Muckerman, JT Hrbek, J AF Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Muckerman, JT Hrbek, J TI The deposition of Mo nanoparticles on Au(111) from a Mo(CO)(6) precursor: effects of CO on Mo-Au intermixing SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; surface chemical reaction; molybdenum; gold; carbon monoxide; metal-metal interfaces ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE; NUCLEATION; REACTIVITY; ADSORPTION; CLUSTERS; ENERGIES; ALLOYS; GROWTH AB Density functional theory and slab models are used to study the effects of CO on the configuration of Mo/Au(111) interfaces. In the absence of CO, the theoretical calculations show site exchange or intermixing after depositing Mo atoms on Au(111). The presence of CO prevents Mo-Au intermixing and, thus, enhances the mobility of Mo on the surface. This phenomenon can explain a novel growth mode found when using MO(CO)(6) as a precursor for the preparation of metal nanoparticles on Au(111). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 20 PY 2003 VL 530 IS 1-2 BP L313 EP L321 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00023-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 671MZ UT WOS:000182469700005 ER PT J AU Hugo, RC Kung, H Weertman, JR Mitra, R Knapp, JA Follstaedt, DM AF Hugo, RC Kung, H Weertman, JR Mitra, R Knapp, JA Follstaedt, DM TI In-situ TEM tensile testing of DC magnetron sputtered and pulsed laser deposited Ni thin films SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; NICKEL; SIMULATION; COPPER AB Two nanocrystalline Ni thin films, one prepared via DC Magnetron Sputtering and the other prepared via Pulsed Laser Deposition, were strained in-situ in the Transmission Electron Microscope. Although the grain sizes were similar, the two films behaved quite differently in tension. The sputtered material was found to behave in a brittle manner, with failure occurring via rapid coalescence of intergranular cracks. Conversely, the laser deposited film behaved in a ductile manner, with failure occurring by slow ductile crack growth. The difference in failure mechanism was attributed to the presence of grain boundary porosity in the sputtered thin film. Both films exhibited pervasive dislocation motion before failure, and showed no conclusive evidence of a change in deformation mode. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 8 Struct Properties Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Def Met Res Lab, Hyderabad 500258, Andhra Pradesh, India. Sandia Natl Labs, Phys & Chem Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hugo, RC (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RI Weertman, Julia/B-7540-2009 NR 15 TC 162 Z9 165 U1 10 U2 72 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1937 EP 1943 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00599-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 665TW UT WOS:000182138200009 ER PT J AU Haslam, AJ Moldovan, D Yamakov, V Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Gleiter, H AF Haslam, AJ Moldovan, D Yamakov, V Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Gleiter, H TI Stress-enhanced grain growth in a nanocrystalline material by molecular-dynamics simulation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE dynamic grain growth; grain-boundary migration; grain rotation; grain-boundary diffusion creep ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; FCC METALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; BOUNDARIES; DIFFUSION; ALLOY; MODEL; ENERGY; STRAIN AB Molecular-dynamics simulations are used to elucidate the coupling between grain growth and grain-boundary diffusion creep in a polycrystal consisting of 25 grains with an average grain size of about 15 nm and a columnar grain shape. Consistent with our earlier simulations of grain-boundary diffusion creep, albeit in the absence of grain growth, we find that initially, i.e. prior to the onset of significant grain growth, the deformation proceeds via the mechanism of Coble creep. Also, consistent with our earlier grain-growth simulations in the absence of stress, two growth mechanisms are observed during the deformation: growth due to curvature-driven GB migration and growth resulting from grain rotation-induced grain coalescence. The comparison of the grain growth observed in the presence of the applied stress with that solely in response to temperature as the driving force enables us to identify the mechanisms by which external stress affects grain growth. In particular, we find that both GB migration and grain rotation are accelerated by the deformation. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Interfacial Mat Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Wolf, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Interfacial Mat Grp, Bldg 212, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 31 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 7 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 7 BP 2097 EP 2112 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00011-9 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 665TW UT WOS:000182138200023 ER PT J AU Sanbonmatsu, KY Joseph, S AF Sanbonmatsu, KY Joseph, S TI Understanding discrimination by the ribosome: Stability testing and groove measurement of codon-anticodon pairs SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ribosome; molecular dynamics; translation; RNA; proofreading ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; AMINOACYL-TRANSFER-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; GENETIC-CODE; RECOGNITION; SELECTION; TRANSLATION; MECHANISM; BINDING AB The ribosome must discriminate between correct and incorrect tRNAs with sufficient speed and accuracy to sustain an adequate rate of cell growth. Here, we report the results of explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations, which address the mechanism of discrimination by the ribosome. The universally conserved 16 S rRNA base A1493 and the kink in mRNA between A and P sites amplify differences in stability between cognate and near-cognate codon-anticodon pairs. Destabilization by the mRNA kink also provides a geometric explanation for the higher error rates observed for mismatches in the first codon position relative to mismatches in the second codon position. For more stable near-cognates, the repositioning of the universally conserved bases A1492 and 6530 results in increased solvent exposure and an uncompensated loss of hydrogen bonds, preventing correct codon-anticodon-ribosome interactions from forming. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kys@lanl.gov NR 59 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 EI 1089-8638 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 328 IS 1 BP 33 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00236-5 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 668EK UT WOS:000182277200003 PM 12683995 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Chapline, G Gurvitz, SA Hammel, PC Pelekhov, DV Suter, A Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Chapline, G Gurvitz, SA Hammel, PC Pelekhov, DV Suter, A Tsifrinovich, VI TI Application of magnetic resonance force microscopy cyclic adiabatic inversion for a single-spin measurement SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTER; SILICON; COMPUTATION AB We consider the process of a single-spin measurement using magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) with a cyclic adiabatic inversion (CAI). This technique is also important for different applications, including a measurement of a qubit state in quantum computation. The measurement takes place through the interaction of a single spin with a cantilever modelled by a quantum oscillator in a coherent state in a quasi-classical range of parameters. The entire system is treated rigorously within the framework of the Schrodinger equation. For a many-spin system our equations accurately describe conventional MRFM experiments involving CAI of the spin system. Our computer simulations of the quantum spin-cantilever dynamics show that the probability distribution for the cantilever position develops two asymmetric peaks with the total relative probabilities mainly dependent on the initial angle between the directions of the average spin and the effective magnetic field, in the rotating frame. We show that each of the peaks is correlated with the direction of the average spin (being along or opposite to the direction of the effective magnetic field). This generates two possible outcomes of a single-spin measurement, similar to the Stem-Gerlach effect. We demonstrate that the generation of the second peak can be significantly suppressed by turning on adiabatically the amplitude of the rf magnetic field. We also show that MRFM CAI can be used both for detecting a signal from a single spin, and for measuring the single-spin state by measuring the phase of the cantilever driving oscillations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Cattolica, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. INFM, Unita Brescia, Brescia, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014; OI Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798; borgonovi, fausto/0000-0002-9730-1189 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 15 BP 4417 EP 4432 AR PII S0305-4470(03)39284-4 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/36/15/314 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 673EB UT WOS:000182566300019 ER PT J AU Cubitt, R Levett, S Bud'ko, SL Anderson, NE Canfield, PC AF Cubitt, R Levett, S Bud'ko, SL Anderson, NE Canfield, PC TI Experimental evidence for anisotropic double-gap behavior in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; MAGNETIZATION DATA; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; VORTEX LATTICE; FLUX LATTICE; FIELD HC2; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB The behavior of a type II superconductor in the presence of a magnetic field is governed by two characteristic length scales, the London penetration depth and the coherence length. We present magnetization measurements on MgB2 powder showing an anisotropy in the upper critical field and hence the coherence length of 6. Using the technique of small angle neutron scattering we show that this anisotropy is not mirrored in the London penetration depth, which is almost isotropic. This result can be explained by the superconductivity residing in two distinct electronic bands of the material, only one of which is highly anisotropic. C1 Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cubitt, R (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, BP 156X, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RI cubitt, robert/B-9408-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 15 AR 157002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.157002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XJ UT WOS:000182320200043 PM 12732063 ER PT J AU Dauvergne, D Belkacem, A Barrue, F Bocquet, JP Chevallier, M Feinberg, B Kirsch, R Poizat, JC Ray, C Rebreyend, D AF Dauvergne, D Belkacem, A Barrue, F Bocquet, JP Chevallier, M Feinberg, B Kirsch, R Poizat, JC Ray, C Rebreyend, D TI Measurement of vacuum-assisted photoionization at 1 GeV for Au and Ag targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report a measurement of photon impact ionization of K and L shell of Au and K shell of Ag targets in the 1-GeV energy range. We show that the cross section is dominated by a contribution from a new channel called vacuum-assisted photoionization. In this process the energy-momentum balance associated with the removal of the innershell electron is obtained by conversion of a high-energy photon into an electron-positron pair. This measurement is consistent with the theoretical prediction that vacuum-assisted photoionization is the most probable ionization mechanism at very high energies. C1 Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, CNRS, IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France. RP Dauvergne, D (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, 4 Rue E Fermi, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 15 AR 153002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.153002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XJ UT WOS:000182320200011 PM 12732031 ER PT J AU Froula, DH Divol, L MacKinnon, A Gregori, G Glenzer, SH AF Froula, DH Divol, L MacKinnon, A Gregori, G Glenzer, SH TI Direct observation of stimulated-Brillouin-scattering detuning by a velocity gradient SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; THOMSON SCATTERING; PLASMA; FACILITY; DRIVEN AB We report the first direct evidence of detuning of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) by a velocity gradient, which was achieved by directly measuring the frequency shift of the SBS-driven acoustic wave relative to the local resonant acoustic frequency. We show that in the expanding part of the plasma, ion-acoustic waves are driven off resonance which leads to the saturation of the SBS instability. These measurements are well reproduced by fluid simulations that include the measured flow. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Froula, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 15 AR 155003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.155003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XJ UT WOS:000182320200022 ER PT J AU Gat-Malureanu, IM Fukaya, A Larkin, MI Millis, AJ Russo, PL Savici, AT Uemura, YJ Kyriakou, PP Luke, GM Wiebe, CR Sushko, YV Heffner, RH MacLaughlin, DE Andreica, D Kalvius, GM AF Gat-Malureanu, IM Fukaya, A Larkin, MI Millis, AJ Russo, PL Savici, AT Uemura, YJ Kyriakou, PP Luke, GM Wiebe, CR Sushko, YV Heffner, RH MacLaughlin, DE Andreica, D Kalvius, GM TI Field dependence of the muon spin relaxation rate in MnSi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC INSTABILITIES AB Muon spin rotation/relaxation measurements have been performed in the itinerant helical magnet MnSi at ambient pressure and at 8.3 kbar. We have found the following: (a) the spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1 shows divergence as T1T proportional to (T-T-c)(beta) with the power beta larger than 1 near T-c; (b) 1/T-1 is strongly reduced in an applied external field B-L and the divergent behavior near T-c is completely suppressed at B-L greater than or equal to 4000 G. We discuss that (a) is consistent with the self-consistent renormalization theory and reflects a departure from "mean-field" behavior, while (b) indicates selective suppression of spin fluctuations of the q = 0 component by B-L. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RP Gat-Malureanu, IM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013; Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010 OI Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967; NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 15 AR 157201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.157201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XJ UT WOS:000182320200045 PM 12732065 ER PT J AU Hahn, H Eitouni, HB Balsara, NP Pople, JA AF Hahn, H Eitouni, HB Balsara, NP Pople, JA TI Responsive solids from cross-linked block copolymers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISORDER TRANSITION; ORDER; MICELLES; RUBBER AB Novel responsive solids were prepared by randomly cross-linking the polyisoprene chains of a disordered polystyrene-polyisoprene block copolymer. Our experiments show that block copolymer chains, composed of hundreds of repeat units, can undergo reversible order-disorder transitions despite the quenched randomness that arises due to the attachment of one of the blocks to a cross-linked network. The structure, properties, and phase behavior of these materials are determined by a delicate interplay between the density of cross-links and the nature of the ordered state. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hahn, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 15 AR 155505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.155505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XJ UT WOS:000182320200028 PM 12732048 ER PT J AU Weber, T Weckenbrock, M Balser, M Schmidt, L Jagutzki, O Arnold, W Hohn, O Schoffler, M Arenholz, E Young, T Osipov, T Foucar, L De Fanis, A Muino, RD Schmidt-Bocking, H Cocke, CL Prior, MH Dorner, R AF Weber, T Weckenbrock, M Balser, M Schmidt, L Jagutzki, O Arnold, W Hohn, O Schoffler, M Arenholz, E Young, T Osipov, T Foucar, L De Fanis, A Muino, RD Schmidt-Bocking, H Cocke, CL Prior, MH Dorner, R TI Auger electron emission from fixed-in-space CO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; DECAY; N-2 AB We have measured the angular distribution of carbon K-Auger electrons from fixed in space, core-ionized, CO molecules in coincidence with the kinetic energy release of the C+ and O+ fragments. We find a very narrow ejection of Auger electrons in the direction of the oxygen and an oscillatory diffraction pattern. Even for similar electron energies, the angular distribution strongly depends on the symmetry of the final state. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. RP Weber, T (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, August Euler Str 6, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Diez Muino, Ricardo/C-9203-2009; Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 OI Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Diez Muino, Ricardo/0000-0001-8593-0327; Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; NR 19 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 15 AR 153003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.153003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XJ UT WOS:000182320200012 PM 12732032 ER PT J AU Mickelson, W Aloni, S Han, WQ Cumings, J Zettl, A AF Mickelson, W Aloni, S Han, WQ Cumings, J Zettl, A TI Packing C-60 in boron nitride nanotubes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; BN NANOTUBES; NANOWIRES AB We have created insulated C-60 nanowire by packing C-60 molecules into the interior of insulating boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). For small-diameter BNNTs, the wire consists of a linear chain of C-60 molecules. With increasing BNNT inner diameter, unusual C-60 stacking configurations are obtained (including helical, hollow core, and incommensurate) that are unknown for bulk or thin-film forms of C-60. C-60 in BNNTs thus presents a model system for studying the properties of dimensionally constrained "silo" crystal structures. For the linear-chain case, we have fused the C-60 molecules to form a single-walled carbon nanotube inside the insulating BNNT. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; Mickelson, Willi/D-8813-2013; Han, WQ/E-2818-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Mickelson, Willi/0000-0002-6398-6212; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 16 TC 229 Z9 233 U1 9 U2 67 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5618 BP 467 EP 469 DI 10.1126/science.1082346 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 668LR UT WOS:000182295900033 PM 12702871 ER PT J AU Chen, ZZ Jiang, T Lin, GH Wen, JJ Xu, D Xu, JB Xu, Y AF Chen, ZZ Jiang, T Lin, GH Wen, JJ Xu, D Xu, JB Xu, Y TI Approximation algorithms for NMR spectral peak assignment SO THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE computational biology; approximation algorithm; protein structure determination; NMR spectroscopy AB We study a constrained bipartite matching problem where the input is a weighted bipartite graph G = (U, V, E), U is a set of vertices following a sequential order, V is another set of vertices partitioned into a collection of disjoint subsets, each following a sequential order, and E is a set of edges between U and V with non-negative weights. The objective is to find a matching in G with the maximum weight that satisfies the given sequential orders on both U and V, i.e. if u(i+l) follows u(i) in U and if v(j+l) follows v(j) in V, then u(i) is matched with v(j) if and only if u(i+l) is matched with v(j+l). The problem has recently been formulated as a crucial step in an algorithmic approach for interpreting NMR spectral data (IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. 4 (2002) 50-62). The interpretation of NMR spectral data is known as a key problem in protein structure determination via NMR spectroscopy. Unfortunately, the constrained bipartite matching problem is NP-hard (IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. 4 (2002) 50-62). We first propose a 2-approximation algorithm for the problem, which follows directly from the recent result of Bar-Noy et al. (Proc. 32nd ACM Symp. on Theory of Computing (STOC'00), 2000, pp. 735 -744) on interval scheduling. However, our extensive experimental results on real NMR spectral data illustrate that the algorithm performs poorly in terms of recovering target-matching edges. We then propose another approximation algorithm that tries to take advantage of the "density" of the sequential order information in V. Although we are only able to prove an approximation ratio of 3 log, D for this algorithm, where D is the length of a longest string in V, the experimental results demonstrate that this new algorithm performs much better on real data, i.e. it is able to recover a large fraction of target-matching edges and the weight of its output matching is often in fact close to the maximum. We also prove that the problem is MAX SNP-hard, even if the input bipartite graph is unweighted. We further present an approximation algorithm for a nontrivial special case that breaks the ratio 2 barrier. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Comp Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Comp Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Tokyo Denki Univ, Dept Math Sci, Hatoyama, Saitama 3500394, Japan. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Comp Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Prot Informat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Comp Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Univ Alberta, Dept Comp Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada. EM chen@r.dendai.ac.jp; jiang@cs.ucr.edu; ghlin@cs.ualberta.ca; wjianju@cs.ucr.edu; xud@ornl.gov; j3xu@math.uwaterloo.ca; xyn@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3975 EI 1879-2294 J9 THEOR COMPUT SCI JI Theor. Comput. Sci. PD APR 18 PY 2003 VL 299 IS 1-3 BP 211 EP 229 AR PII S0304-3975(02)00086-5 DI 10.1016/S0304-3975(02)00086-5 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 672QQ UT WOS:000182533000009 ER PT J AU Petruska, MA Malko, AV Voyles, PM Klimov, VI AF Petruska, MA Malko, AV Voyles, PM Klimov, VI TI High-performance, quantum dot nanocomposites for nonlinear optical and optical gain applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NANOCRYSTALS; HOLOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS; EMISSION; SOLIDS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C-PSC,MS-J585, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Voyles, Paul/0000-0001-9438-4284 NR 23 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 7-8 BP 610 EP 613 DI 10.1002/adma.200304450 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 672YW UT WOS:000182552300017 ER PT J AU Jordan, CE Dibb, JE Finkel, RC AF Jordan, CE Dibb, JE Finkel, RC TI Be-10/Be-7 tracer of atmospheric transport and stratosphere-troposphere exchange SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosols; radioisotopes; beryllium; stratosphere-troposphere exchange ID INSITU MEASUREMENTS; TROPOPAUSE; OZONE; BE-7; BERYLLIUM-7; LEAD-210; OZONESONDES; LATITUDES; AEROSOLS; PACIFIC AB [1] The Be-10/Be-7 ratio is a sensitive tracer of atmospheric transport and stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE). Data from five NASA aircraft field missions (PEM: West A and B, Tropics A; SONEX; and SUCCESS) have been assembled to produce the largest data set of Be-10, Be-7, and their ratio collected to date (> 300 samples). Ratios near 0.60 are indicative of tropospheric air with little stratospheric influence, while higher ratios are found in stratospheric air. Samples from the lower stratosphere were all collected within 2.5 km of the tropopause and had ratios >1.27. Of these lower stratosphere samples only 16% had ratios in excess of 3.0, suggesting that higher ratio air resides away from the tropopause. Seasonality observed in the Be-10/Be-7 ratios results from the downwelling of air with elevated ratios from higher in the stratosphere in the spring and summer (midlatitudes) and from the decay of Be-7 during descent in the winter polar vortex ( high latitudes). Our results illustrate the complexity of STE and some of the mechanisms through which it occurs, including tropopause folding, mixing associated with subtropical jets, and the effect of synoptic systems such as hurricanes and northeasters. The Be-10/Be-7 ratio provides important information beyond that which can be derived from studies that rely on chemical mixing ratios alone. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Res Council, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jordan, CE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Res Council, Bldg 1250,MS 483, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM c.e.jordan@larc.nasa.gov; Jack.Dibb@unh.edu; Finkell@lllnl.gov NR 29 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D8 AR 4234 DI 10.1029/2002JD002395 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 677ZQ UT WOS:000182840200003 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ AF Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ TI From the multiple-well master equation to phenomenological rate coefficients: Reactions on a C3H4 potential energy surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; SHOCK-WAVES; PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; ELEMENTARY REACTIONS; ALIPHATIC FUELS; ALLENE; PROPYNE; ISOMERIZATION; ABINITIO AB Using various forms of electronic-structure theory to characterize the important features of the potential energy surface, RRKM theory to calculate microcanonical rate coeffients, and several formulations of the master equation to predict phenomenological rate coefficients, we have studied a number of reactions that occur on the C3H4 potential. We discuss the results in some detail and compare them with experiment when possible. Generally, the agreement with experiment is excellent. "Multiple-well effects" are emphasized throughout the discussion. We cast our results in the form of modified Arrhenius functions for use in chemical kinetics modeling. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 54 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 15 BP 2680 EP 2692 DI 10.1021/jp0221082 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 666FU UT WOS:000182167100012 ER PT J AU Choi, YK Zhu, J Grunes, J Bokor, J Somorjai, GA AF Choi, YK Zhu, J Grunes, J Bokor, J Somorjai, GA TI Fabrication of sub-10-nm silicon nanowire arrays by size reduction lithography SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID DIMENSIONAL THERMAL-OXIDATION; ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; NANOSCALE CMOS; SPACER FINFET; TERABIT ERA; TECHNOLOGY; AREA AB A photolithography-based method capable of size reduction to produce sub-10-nm Si nanowire arrays on a wafer scale is described. By conformally depositing a material (silicon oxide or silicon) that has a different etching property over a lithographically defined sacrificial sidewall and selectively removing the sacrificial material, the sidewall material is preserved and can serve as nanopattern mask for further processing. The resolution of this method is not limited by photolithography but by the thickness of the material deposited. The application of size reduction nano-patterning method can range from the fabrication of biosensors to model catalyst systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 13 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 15 BP 3340 EP 3343 DI 10.1021/JP0222649 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 666FY UT WOS:000182167500003 ER PT J AU Tikhonov, AM Schlossman, ML AF Tikhonov, AM Schlossman, ML TI Surfactant and water ordering in triacontanol monolayers at the water-hexane interface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID FREQUENCY VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY; LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CHAIN MOLECULES; REFLECTION; ADSORPTION; HENEICOSANOL AB Our view of molecular ordering in Langmuir monolayers at the water-vapor interface influences our understanding of molecular ordering at other interfaces, including liquid-liquid interfaces for which structural information is scarce. We present a comparative study of a monolayer of a long-chain alkanol at the water-vapor and water-hexane interfaces using X-ray reflectivity to highlight significant differences between these two interfaces. The molecules in the Langmuir monolayer form an ordered phase of nearly rigid rods. In contrast, at the water-hexane interface, the triacontanol molecules form a condensed phase with progressive disordering of the chain from the -CH2OH to the -CH3 group. Surprisingly, at the water-hexane interface, the density in the headgroup region is 10-15% greater than either bulk water or the ordered headgroup region found at the water-vapor interface. It is conjectured that this higher density is a result of water penetration into the headgroup region of the disordered monolayer. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Tikhonov, AM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Tikhonov, Aleksey/N-1111-2016 NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 15 BP 3344 EP 3347 DI 10.1021/jp0271817 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 666FY UT WOS:000182167500004 ER PT J AU Wang, W Gu, BH Liang, LY Hamilton, W AF Wang, W Gu, BH Liang, LY Hamilton, W TI Fabrication of two- and three-dimensional silica nanocolloidal particle arrays SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE COLLOIDAL ARRAYS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; SUSPENSIONS; MULTILAYERS; MONOLAYERS; SPHERES; POLYMER AB Monodispersed silica spheres with diameters of 100-500 nm were prepared by hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of water and ammonia in ethanol medium. Silica colloidal sphere sizes were controlled by changing ammonium concentration at fixed TEOS and water concentrations. These silica spheres settle out from their alcoholic dispersion to form closely packed three-dimensional (3-D) particle arrays-i.e., photonic crystals that exhibit vivid optical diffraction due to a high degree of ordering of the particles. The lattice constant of the opal photonic crystal structure, as determined by optical diffraction, was found to be in a good agreement with that observed by SEM measurements. Highly purified silica nanospheres could also self-assemble to form 3-D crystalline colloidal arrays (CCAs) in water, which give narrow and continuously tunable diffraction peaks in the visible range. By grafting hydrocarbon chains on silica surfaces using the silane coupling agent octadecyltrimethoxysilane, hydrophobic silica nanospheres were obtained, and they readily self-assemble at the air-water interface to form closely packed two-dimensional (2-D) particle arrays. Such 2-D particle arrays could be collected onto solid substrates to form monolayer or multilayer thin films with controlled film thickness according to the particle size. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales. RP Wang, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 35 TC 145 Z9 152 U1 11 U2 104 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 15 BP 3400 EP 3404 DI 10.1021/jp0221800 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 666FY UT WOS:000182167500011 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Hanson, JC Kim, JY Liu, G Iglesias-Juez, A Fernandez-Garcia, M AF Rodriguez, JA Hanson, JC Kim, JY Liu, G Iglesias-Juez, A Fernandez-Garcia, M TI Properties of CeO2 and Ce1-xZrxO2 nanoparticles: X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, density functional, and time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CEO2-ZRO2 MIXED OXIDES; OXYGEN STORAGE CAPACITY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; METAL OXIDES; PLANE-WAVE; MICROEMULSION METHOD; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; POPULATION ANALYSIS; REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; POWDER DIFFRACTION AB In this article the structural and electronic properties of CeO2 and Ce1-xZrxO2 nanoparticles are investigated using time-resolved X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), and density functional calculations. CeO2 and Ce1-xZrxO2 (x less than or equal to 0.5) particles in sizes between 4 and 7 nm were synthesized using a novel microemulsion method. The atoms in these nanoparticles adopted a cubic or pseudocubic crystal structure. The lattice constant decreased with increasing Zr content, varying from 5.4019 Angstrom in CeO2 to 5.3066 Angstrom in Ce0.5Zr0.5O2. Within the cubic structure, the Zr atoms exhibited structural perturbations that led to different types of Zr-O distances and nonequivalent O atoms in the Ce1-xZrxO2 compounds. Upon the addition of Zr to CeO2, the Zr positive charge in Ce1-xZrxO2 is smaller than in pure ZrO2 whereas the Ce positive charge is larger than in pure CeO2. Combination of these geometrical and electronic effects produced Zr L-III-edge and O K-edge XANES spectra with a distinctive line-shape not seen in pure ZrO2 or CeO2. The doping with Zr increases the thermal stability of the ceria nanoparticles and their chemical reactivity toward hydrogen. At temperatures between 300 and 900 degreesC, the Ce1-xZrxO2 nanoparticles reacted with H-2 and water evolved into gas phase. XANES showed the generation of Ce3+ cations (without reduction of Zr4+) but an absence of diffraction lines different from fluorite-type ones was noted. There was an expansion in the unit cell of the reduced particles probably as a consequence of a partial Ce4+ --> Ce3+ transformation and the sorption of hydrogen into the bulk of the material. The Ce1-xZrxO2 nanoparticles interact with H-2 and reduce at lower temperatures than bulk Ce1-xZrxO2 systems. This important difference could originate in an enhancement in chemical reactivity characteristic of nanostructured materials. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petr Quim, Madrid 28049, Spain. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos/A-8122-2014; Iglesias-Juez, Ana/K-6048-2014 OI Iglesias-Juez, Ana/0000-0002-1218-5490 NR 76 TC 148 Z9 157 U1 7 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 15 BP 3535 EP 3543 DI 10.1021/jp022323i PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 666FY UT WOS:000182167500028 ER PT J AU Mitsui, T Rose, MK Fomin, E Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Mitsui, T Rose, MK Fomin, E Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M TI Dissociative hydrogen adsorption on palladium requires aggregates of three or more vacancies SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB During reaction, a catalyst surface usually interacts with a constantly fluctuating mix of reactants, products, 'spectators' that do not participate in the reaction, and species that either promote or inhibit the activity of the catalyst. How molecules adsorb and dissociate under such dynamic conditions is often poorly understood. For example, the dissociative adsorption of the diatomic molecule H-2-a central step in many industrially important catalytic processes-is generally assumed(1) to require at least two adjacent and empty atomic adsorption sites (or vacancies). The creation of active sites for H-2 dissociation will thus involve the formation of individual vacancies and their subsequent diffusion and aggregation(2-6), with the coupling between these events determining the activity of the catalyst surface. But even though active sites are the central component of most reaction models, the processes controlling their formation, and hence the activity of a catalyst surface, have never been captured experimentally. Here we report scanning tunnelling microscopy observations of the transient formation of active sites for the dissociative adsorption of H-2 molecules on a palladium (111) surface. We find, contrary to conventional thinking(1), that two-vacancy sites seem inactive, and that aggregates of three or more hydrogen vacancies are required for efficient H-2 dissociation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 11 TC 202 Z9 204 U1 12 U2 71 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 422 IS 6933 BP 705 EP 707 DI 10.1038/nature01557 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 668CG UT WOS:000182272300036 PM 12700757 ER PT J AU Ahrendt, KA Bergman, RG Ellman, JA AF Ahrendt, KA Bergman, RG Ellman, JA TI Synthesis of a tricyclic mescaline analogue by catalytic C-H bond activation SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; VINYL ETHERS; HALLUCINOGENS; ANTAGONISTS; SEROTONIN AB A tetrahydrobis(benzofuran) mescaline analogue has been prepared in six steps and 38% overall yield from (4'-O-methyl)methyl gallate. The key step in this synthesis is a tandem cyclization reaction via directed C-H activation followed by olefin insertion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bergman, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bergman@cchem.berkeley.edu; jellman@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Ellman, Jonathan/C-7732-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM50353] NR 24 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD APR 17 PY 2003 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1301 EP 1303 DI 10.1021/ol034228d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 667ZQ UT WOS:000182265500037 PM 12688744 ER PT J AU Xu, XH Shi, Y Kwak, D Chang, SG Fisher, JW Pisharody, S Moran, MJ Wignarajah, K AF Xu, XH Shi, Y Kwak, D Chang, SG Fisher, JW Pisharody, S Moran, MJ Wignarajah, K TI The use of rice hulls for sustainable control of NQ(x) emissions in deep space missions SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUE-GAS; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; REMOVAL; SO2; OXIDE; NOX; REDUCTION; THIOCHELATE; PHOSPHORUS; ABSORPTION AB The use of the activated carbon produced from rice hulls to control NO,, emissions for future deep space missions has been demonstrated. The optimal carbonization temperature range was found to be between 600 and 750 degreesC. A burnoff of 61.8% was found at 700 degreesC in pyrolysis and 750 degreesC in activation. The BET surface area of the activated carbon from rice hulls was determined to be 172 m(2)/g when prepared at 700 degreesC. The presence of oxygen in flue gas is essential for effective adsorption of NO by activated carbon. On the contrary, water vapor inhibits the adsorption efficiency of NO. Consequently, water vapor in flue gas should be removed by drying agents before adsorption to ensure high NO adsorption efficiency. All of the NO in the flue gas was removed for more than 1.5 h when 10% oxygen was present and the ratio of the carbon weight to the flue gas flow rate (W/F) was 15.4 g.min/L. Reduction of the adsorbed NO to form N-2 could be effectively accomplished under anaerobic conditions at 550 T. The adsorption capacity of NO on the activated carbon was found to be 5.02 mg of NO/g of carbon. The loss of carbon mass was determined to be about 0.16% of the activated carbon per cycle of regeneration if the regeneration occurred when the NO in the flue gas after the carbon bed reached 4.8 ppm, the space maximum allowable concentration. The reduction of the adsorbed NO also regenerated the activated carbon, and the regenerated activated carbon exhibited an improved NO adsorption efficiency. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Chang, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR 16 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1813 EP 1820 DI 10.1021/ie020273y PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 667HW UT WOS:000182226500032 PM 14672085 ER PT J AU Barnes, PW Woodward, PM Lee, Y Vogt, T Hriljac, JA AF Barnes, PW Woodward, PM Lee, Y Vogt, T Hriljac, JA TI Pressure-induced cation migration and volume expansion in the defect pyrochlores ANbWO(6) (A = NH4+, Rb+, H+, K+) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ION-TRANSPORT; NH4NBWO6; NATROLITE AB The structural and compositional evolution of four members of the ANbWO(6) (A=NH4+, Rb+, H+, K+) defect pyrochlore family have been studied as a function of pressure up to 7 GPa, using a diamond anvil cell and monochromatic synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. In response to increasing hydrostatic pressure, NH4NbWO6 and RbNbWO6 both initially contract but then undergo a fairly abrupt increase in their unit cell volumes above a characteristic threshold pressure. NH4NbWO6 exhibits a 5.8% increase in the cubic unit cell edge once the pressure exceeds similar to3.4 GPa, while the RbNbWO6 unit cell expansion is larger (similar to7.5%) but less abrupt, beginning near 3.0 GPa. Rietveld refinements reveal that the reversible expansion is driven by insertion of water into the structural channels that interpenetrate the NbWO6- octahedral corner sharing framework. The insertion of extra water is accompanied by displacement of the NH4+ or Rb+ ions to a smaller site in the channel structure, which triggers the pressure-induced expansion of the pyrochlore framework. This mechanism explains the counterintuitive expansion of the pyrochlore framework in response to application of external pressure. It should be noted that the expansion exhibited by the pyrochlore framework must coincide with a decrease in the volume of the hydrostatic fluid so that the net volume of the system decreases with increasing pressure. Similar behavior is not observed for KNbWO6.H2O or HNbWO6.H2O, both of which contract in response to increasing pressure. For these smaller monovalent cations, pressure-induced volume expansion does not occur because the hydrated state and subsequent cation shift are already stable at ambient conditions. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Woodward, PM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Garcia-Sanchez, Almudena/B-3303-2009; Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 16 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 15 BP 4572 EP 4579 DI 10.1021/ja0292187 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 665TR UT WOS:000182137800037 PM 12683829 ER PT J AU Khoudiakov, M Parise, AR Brunschwig, BS AF Khoudiakov, M Parise, AR Brunschwig, BS TI Interfacial electron transfer in Fe-II(CN)(6)(4-)-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles: A study of direct charge injection by electroabsorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; EXCITED-STATES; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; DIPOLE-MOMENT; DYNAMICS; FIELD; SENSITIZATION; ABSORPTION AB Electroabsorption (Stark) spectroscopy has been used to study the dye sensitized interfacial electron transfer in an Fe-II(CN)(6)(4-) donor complex bound to a TiO2 nanoparticle. The average charge-transfer distance determined from the Stark spectra is 5.3 Angstrom. This value is similar to the estimated distance between the Fe-II center of the complex and the Ti-IV surface site coordinated to the nitrogen end of a bridging CN ligand in (CN)(5)Fe-II-CN-Ti-IV(particle). This finding suggests that the electron injection is to either an individual titanium surface site or a small number of Ti centers localized around the point of ferrocyanide coordination to the particle and not into a conduction band orbital delocalized over the nanoparticle. The polarizability change, Tr(Deltaalpha), between the ground and the excited states of the Fe-II(CN)(6)(4-) -TiO2(particle) system is similar to3 time larger than normally observed in mixed-valence dinuclear metal complexes. It is proposed that the large polarizability of the excited state increases the dipole-moment changes measured by Stark spectroscopy. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brunschwig, BS (reprint author), CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Mail Code 139-74,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM BSB@BNL.GOV RI Brunschwig, Bruce/G-4249-2011 NR 43 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 16 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 15 BP 4637 EP 4642 DI 10.1021/ja0299607 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 665TR UT WOS:000182137800044 PM 12683836 ER PT J AU Arena, MP Porter, MD Fritz, JS AF Arena, MP Porter, MD Fritz, JS TI Rapid, low level determination of silver(I) in drinking water by colorimetric-solid-phase extraction SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE colorimetric-solid-phase extraction; diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; 5-(p-dimethylaminobenzylidene) rhodanine ID HEAVY-METALS; PRECONCENTRATION; SPECTROSCOPY; IONS AB A rapid, highly sensitive two-step procedure for the trace analysis of silver(I) is described. The method is based on: (1) the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of silver(I) from a water sample onto a disk impregnated with a silver-selective colorimetric reagent, and (2) the determination of the amount of complexed analyte extracted by the disk by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). This method, called colorimetric-solid-phase extraction (C-SPE), was recently shown effective in determining low concentrations (0.1-5.0 mg/ml) of iodine and iodide in drinking water. This report extends C-SPE to the trace (similar to4 mug/l) level monitoring of silver(I) which is a biocide used on the International Space Station (ISS). The determination relies on the manually driven passage of a water sample through a polystyrene-divinylbenzene disk that has been impregnated with the colorimetric reagent 5-(p-dimethylaminobenzylidene) rhodanine (DMABR) and with an additive such as a semi-volatile alcohol (1,2-decanediol) or nonionic surfactant (Brij 30). The amount of concentrated silver(I) is then determined in a few seconds by using a hand-held diffuse reflectance spectrometer, with a total sample workup and readout time of similar to60 s. Importantly, the additive induces the uptake of water by the disk, which creates a local environment conducive to silver(I) complexation at an extremely high concentration factor (similar to800). There is no detectable reaction between silver(I) and impregnated DMABR in the absence of the additive. This strategy represents an intriguing new dimension for C-SPE in which additives, directly loaded in the disk material, provide a means to manipulate the reactivity of the impregnated reagent. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fritz, JS (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 482 IS 2 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00173-9 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 670QN UT WOS:000182420300007 ER PT J AU Grate, JW Nelson, DA Skaggs, R AF Grate, JW Nelson, DA Skaggs, R TI Sorptive behavior of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle films: Implications for chemical vapor sensing SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLED COMPOSITE MONOLAYER; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; CLUSTER MOLECULES; SORBENT COATINGS; POLYMER; SENSOR; RESPONSES; ARRAYS; METAL; MORPHOLOGY AB Monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle materials were synthesized and characterized for use as sorptive layers on chemical sensors. Thiols investigated as monolayer-forming molecules included dodecanethiol, benzenethiol, 4-chlorobenzenethiol, 4-bromobenzenethiol, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol, 4-hydroxybenzenethiol, and 4-aminobenzenethiol. Films of selected monolayer-protected nanoparticle (MPN) materials were deposited on thickness shear mode devices and vapor uptake properties were measured at 298 K. Many, but not all, MPN-based sensing layers demonstrated rapid and reversible uptake of vapors, and sorptive selectivity varies with the monolayer structure. The mass of vapor sorbed per mass of sorptive material was determined and compared with poly(isobutylene) and poly(epichlorohydrin) as examples of simple sorptive polymers that have been used on vapor sensors. The nanoparticle-based films considered here were less sorptive than the selected polymers on a per-mass basis. Partition coefficients, which measure the mass of vapor sorbed per volume of the sorptive phase, were estimated for these MPN materials and found to be comparable to or less than those of the polymer layers. Implications for the roles of sorption and transduction in determining the performance of chemical sensors coated with nanoparticle-based films are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 53 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1868 EP 1879 DI 10.1021/ac0206364 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 669BT UT WOS:000182332600013 PM 12713045 ER PT J AU McBride, MT Gammon, S Pitesky, M O'Brien, TW Smith, T Aldrich, J Langlois, RG Colston, B Venkateswaran, KS AF McBride, MT Gammon, S Pitesky, M O'Brien, TW Smith, T Aldrich, J Langlois, RG Colston, B Venkateswaran, KS TI Multiplexed liquid arrays for simultaneous detection of simulants of biological warfare agents SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIBER OPTIC BIOSENSOR; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; THREAT AGENTS; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOSENSOR; IMMUNOASSAYS; INSTRUMENT; ANALYTES; SENSOR; ASSAY AB Liquid array-based multiplexed immunoassays designed for rapid, sensitive, specific, and simultaneous detection of multiple simulants of biological warfare agents have been developed. In both blind and standard laboratory trials, we demonstrate the simultaneous detection of four simulant agents from a single sample. The challenge agents comprise broad classes of pathogens (virus, protein toxins, bacterial spores, vegetative cells). Assay performance of each analyte was optimized, and dose-response curves and the limits of detection (LODs) for individual analytes are presented. Assay performance, including dynamic range, sensitivity, and LODs for liquid arrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay were compared and are shown to be similar. Maximum assay sensitivity is obtained in similar to1 h, and good sensitivity is achieved in as little as 30 min. Although the sample matrixes are very complex, even for highly multiplexed assays the samples do not exhibit evidence of nonspecific binding, demonstrating that the assays also have high specificity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Tetracore Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Venkateswaran, KS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 120 Z9 129 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1924 EP 1930 DI 10.1021/ac026379k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 669BT UT WOS:000182332600020 PM 12713052 ER PT J AU Yu, C Mutlu, S Selvaganapathy, P Mastrangelo, CH Svec, F Frechett, JMJ AF Yu, C Mutlu, S Selvaganapathy, P Mastrangelo, CH Svec, F Frechett, JMJ TI Flow control valves for analytical microfluidic chips without mechanical parts based on thermally responsive monolithic polymers SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; ENZYMATIC ASSAYS; HYDROGELS; SWITCH; GEL AB Monolithic plugs of poly(N-isopropylactylamide) crosslinked with 5% methylenebisacrylamide have been prepared by photoinitiated polymerization within the channel of a microfluidic device. The volume change associated with the polymer phase transition at its lower critical solution temperature of 32 degreesC allows both the rapid swelling and the deswelling of the monoliths enabling the polymer to close or open the channel as it functions as a nonmechanical valve. Thermoelectric elements capable of changing the temperature of the system between 17 and 57 degreesC were used to actuate the valve. Flow through the device was monitored by fluorescence measurements via the laser-triggered photobleaching of a dye contained in the liquid phase. Photobleaching occurs quickly once the flow is stopped, and the time required to open and close the valve was 3.5 and 5.0 s, respectively. No changes in function were observed even after 120 open-close cycles. Although the 2-mm-long valve was prepared from a polymerization mixture consisting of only a 5% aqueous solution of monomers, it resists pressures of up to 1.38 MPa (200 psi) without observable structural damage. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Frechett, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Mutlu, Senol/C-6680-2015; OI Mutlu, Senol/0000-0003-4515-5770; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-48364] NR 34 TC 141 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1958 EP 1961 DI 10.1021/ac026455j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 669BT UT WOS:000182332600025 PM 12713057 ER PT J AU Teghil, R D'Alessio, L Santagata, A Zaccagnino, M Ferro, D Sordelet, DJ AF Teghil, R D'Alessio, L Santagata, A Zaccagnino, M Ferro, D Sordelet, DJ TI Picosecond and femtosecond pulsed laser ablation and deposition of quasicrystals SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; quasicrystals; ultrashort laser pulses ID THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOSECOND; PLASMA; PHASES; ALLOYS; AL2O3; RANGE AB A Nd:glass laser with pulse duration of 250 fs and 1.3 ps has been used to evaporate a Al65Cu23Fe12 quasicrystalline target. The gaseous phase obtained from the ablation process has been characterised by several techniques such as emission spectroscopy, quadrupole mass spectrometry and ICCD imaging, used to study the plume composition, energy and morphology. The results show that the ablation processes in the short-pulse regimes are very different to the nanosecond one. In particular the plume angular distribution shows a characteristic high cosine exponent and the composition is completely stoichiometric and independent from the laser fluence. Furthermore the mass spectra indicate the presence of clusters, both neutral and ionised and the emission from the target suggest a rapid thermalisation leading to the melting of the surface. To clarify the ablation process some films have been deposited, on oriented silicon, at different experimental conditions and analysed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction. The analyses show the presence of nanostructured films retaining the target stoichiometry but consisting of different crystalline and non crystalline phases. In particular the nanostructure supports the hypothesis of the melting of the target during the ablation and a mechanism of material ejection is proposed for both picosecond and femtosecond regimes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Chim, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. CNR, Ist Meccanismi Inorganici & Plasmi, Sez Potenza, Tito, Italy. CNR, Ist Studio Met Nanostrutturati, Sez Roma 1, Rome, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA USA. RP Teghil, R (reprint author), Univ Basilicata, Dipartimento Chim, Via N Sauro 85, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. OI TEGHIL, ROBERTO/0000-0002-8528-8669; Santagata, Antonio/0000-0002-1409-3135 NR 39 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 210 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00082-5 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 668PB UT WOS:000182301400019 ER PT J AU Kim, JK Yang, IS Rhee, S Dauter, Z Lee, YS Park, SS Kim, KH AF Kim, JK Yang, IS Rhee, S Dauter, Z Lee, YS Park, SS Kim, KH TI Crystal structures of glutaryl 7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase: Insight into autoproteolytic activation SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID N-TERMINAL NUCLEOPHILE; CEPHALOSPORIN ACYLASE; PSEUDOMONAS SP; INTRAMOLECULAR PROTEOLYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRAIN; SUBUNIT; CLONING; ENZYME; DOMAIN AB Glutaryl 7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase (GCA, EC 3.5.1.11) is a member of N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases. The native enzyme is an (alpha,beta)(2) heterotetramer originated from an enzymatically inactive precursor of a single polypeptide. The activation of precursor GCA consists of primary and secondary autoproteolytic cleavages, generating a terminal residue with both a nucleophile and a base and releasing a nine amino acid spacer peptide. We have determined the crystal structures of the recombinant selenomethionyl native and S170A mutant precursor from Pseudomonas sp. strain GK16. Precursor activation is likely triggered by conformational constraints within the spacer peptide, probably inducing a peptide flip. Autoproteolytic site solvent molecules, which have been trapped in a hydrophobic environment by the spacer peptide, may play a role as a general base for nucleophilic attack. The activation results in building up a catalytic triad composed of Ser170/His192/Glu624. However, the triad is not linked to the usual hydroxyl but the free alpha-amino group of the N-terminal serine residue of the native GCA. Mutagenesis and structural data support the notion that the stabilization of a transient hydroxazolidine ring during autoproteolysis would be critical during the N --> O acyl shift. The autoprotecilytic activation mechanism for GCA is described. C1 Korea Univ, Grad Sch Biotechnol, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Suwon 740644, South Korea. NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Stn, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Grad Sch Biotechnol, Seoul 136701, South Korea. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 14 BP 4084 EP 4093 DI 10.1021/bi027181x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 666KX UT WOS:000182177400011 PM 12680762 ER PT J AU Zhong, B Jiang, K Gilvary, DL Epling-Burnette, PK Ritchey, C Liu, JH Jackson, RJ Hong-Geller, E Wei, S AF Zhong, B Jiang, K Gilvary, DL Epling-Burnette, PK Ritchey, C Liu, JH Jackson, RJ Hong-Geller, E Wei, S TI Human neutrophils utilize a Rac/Cdc42-dependent MAPK pathway to direct intracellular granule mobilization toward ingested microbial pathogens SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; TUMORS IN-VIVO; NIH 3T3 CELLS; RHO-GTPASES; CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CANDIDA-ALBICANS AB Elevated levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulatory kinase (MAPK/ERK) activity are frequently found in some cancer cells. In efforts to reduce tumor growth, attempts have been made to develop cancer therapeutic agents targeting the MAPK. Here, by use of biologic, biochemical, and gene manipulation methods in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), we have identified a key pathway important in normal cell function involving MAPK/ERK in PMNs for growth inhibition of Candida albicans. Contact with C albicans triggered MAPK/ERK activation in PMNs within 5 minutes, and blocking of MAPK/ERK activation, either by the pharmacologic reagent PD098059 or by dominant-negative MAPK kinase (MEK) expression via vaccinia viral delivery, suppressed antimicrobial activity. Rac and Cdc42, but not Ras or Rho, were responsible for this MAPK/ERK activation. Expression of dominant-negative Rac (N17Rac) or Cdc42 (N17Cdc42) eliminated not only C albicans-mediated ERK phosphorylation but also phagocytosis and granule migration toward the ingested microbes, whereas dominant-negative Ras (N17Ras) and Rho (N19Rho) did not. PAKII (p21-activated kinase 1) activation is induced by C albicans, suggesting that PAKII may also be involved in the Rac1 activation of MAPK/ERK. We conclude from these data that Rac/Cdc42-dependent activation of MAPK/ERK is a critical event in the immediate phagocytic response of PMNs to microbial challenge. Therefore, use of MAPK pharmacologic inhibitors for the treatment of cancer may result in the interruption of normal neutrophil function. A balance between therapeutic outcome and undesirable side effects must be attained to achieve successful and safe anticancer therapy. (C) 2003 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffit Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Interdisciplinary Oncol,Immunol Program, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Wei, S (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Med, H Lee Moffit Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Interdisciplinary Oncol,Immunol Program, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA83146] NR 64 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 8 BP 3240 EP 3248 DI 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0180 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 665CE UT WOS:000182101400055 PM 12511425 ER PT J AU Ilinski, P Lai, B Cai, ZH Yun, WB Legnini, D Talarico, T Cholewa, M Webster, LK Deacon, GB Rainone, S Phillips, DR Stampfl, APJ AF Ilinski, P Lai, B Cai, ZH Yun, WB Legnini, D Talarico, T Cholewa, M Webster, LK Deacon, GB Rainone, S Phillips, DR Stampfl, APJ TI The direct mapping of the uptake of platinum anticancer agents in individual human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells using a hard X-ray microprobe SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CISPLATIN AB Uptake of platinum-based anticancer compounds into individual human ovarian andenocarcinoma cells was measured using an X-ray microprobe. The uptake of cisplatin, a platinum-based compound, in drug-resistant cells is decreased by similar to50% after 24 h, compared with the uptake of the drug in nonresistant cells over the same time period. The Pt103 derivative of the drug, in contrast, showed an increased uptake by an order of magnitude in resistant cells over the same time period. Increased uptake appears to allow POW to overcome the resistance mechanism developed by the cell. This work additionally shows that the X-ray microprobe is able to directly quantify Pt drug uptake on a subcellular level and can measure the mass of Pt down to a detectable limit of 20 attograms of Pt (2 x 10(-17) grams or 6 x 10(4) Pt atoms) in 1 s. Such exquisite elemental sensitivity combined with high spatial resolution paves the way for quantitative submicron three-dimensional mapping of elemental distributions within individual cells. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. La Trobe Univ, Dept Biochem, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. Peter MacCallum Canc Inst, Pharmacol & Dev Therapeut Unit, Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Chem, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Div Phys, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Stampfl, APJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 401-B3210, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Cholewa, Marian/C-9474-2011; OI Deacon, Glen/0000-0002-6966-6121 NR 10 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 63 IS 8 BP 1776 EP 1779 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 668TE UT WOS:000182308600012 PM 12702562 ER PT J AU Lyons, TW Zhang, CLL Romanek, CS AF Lyons, TW Zhang, CLL Romanek, CS TI Introduction - Isotopic records of microbially mediated processes SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lyons, TW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, 101 Geol Sci Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 195 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00384-4 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 666LX UT WOS:000182179700001 ER PT J AU Romanek, CS Zhang, CLL Li, YL Horita, J Vali, H Cole, DR Phelps, TJ AF Romanek, CS Zhang, CLL Li, YL Horita, J Vali, H Cole, DR Phelps, TJ TI Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionations associated with dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron-reducing bacteria; biogenic siderite; carbon isotopes; hydrogen isotopes ID ORGANIC-MATTER; SP-NOV; METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA; ACETATE FERMENTATION; STABLE CARBON; GEN-NOV; REDUCTION; SIDERITE; METHANE; WATER AB Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN-32 and Shewanella algae strain BrY were grown in laboratory cultures at 30 degreesC to characterize carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation patterns related to the growth of iron-reducing bacteria. Ferric citrate or hydrous ferric oxide (14170) was provided as the electron acceptor and lactate or H-2 (balanced with CO2) was used as the electron donor. Because these bacteria are not known to grow chemoautotrophically, yeast extract was provided as a carbon source when cultures were grown on H-2/CO2. Siderite formed only when HFO was used as the electron acceptor, possibly because of chelation of ferrous iron with dissolved citrate when ferric citrate was used as the electron acceptor. Carbon isotope enrichment factors for the siderite-CO2 System (epsilon(sid-CO2)) ranged from 13.3 parts per thousand to 14.5 parts per thousand when lactate was used as the carbon and energy source, which were consistent with theoretical calculations of equilibrium isotope fractionation (alpha(sid-CO2)) for the siderite-CO2 system [Geochim. Int. 18 (1981) 85]. In experiments using H2/CO2 as the energy source and yeast extract as the carbon source, carbon isotope enrichment factors were relatively low (0.5 parts per thousand to 7.4 parts per thousand). The potential exists that a kinetic effect related to siderite precipitation rate influenced isotope partitioning or a dynamic balance was established between carbon sinks (i.e. biomass and solid carbonate) of diverging carbon isotope composition. A more quantitative estimate of epsilon(sid-CO2) for biological systems that contain ambient dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) requires a deeper understanding of carbon flow dynamics in these compartmentalized closed systems. Finally, in experiments using H-2/CO2 as an energy source, the hydrogen isotope composition of head gas H2 and water were analyzed for D/H ratio. The results indicate that bacterial metabolism potentially facilitates isotope exchange between water and H-2. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2C7, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Romanek, CS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012 OI Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943 NR 72 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 195 IS 1-4 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00385-6 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 666LX UT WOS:000182179700002 ER PT J AU Wolfe, AK Bjornstad, DJ AF Wolfe, AK Bjornstad, DJ TI Making decisions about hazardous waste remediation when even considering a remediation technology is controversial SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN; SPOTTED OWL; RISK; CONFLICT; VALUES; BIOTECHNOLOGY; EXPERIENCE; PERCEPTION; ATTITUDES; FRAMEWORK AB This paper investigates the circumstances under which proposed hazardous waste remediation technologies are socially acceptable, that is, considered seriously as options in a public arena. First, it summarizes a conceptual framework that guides investigation and interpretation of site-specific remediation decision-making. Second, it describes an initial application of that framework to the public participation venue of U.S. DOE Site-Specific Advisory Boards. Investigating the attributes of involved parties and of site context highlights technology acceptability as social decision-making that involves technical and technological issues rather than as a process driven by the technology itself. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wolfe, AK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1485 EP 1492 DI 10.1021/es015659z PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 667GV UT WOS:000182223700003 PM 12731828 ER PT J AU Turn, SQ Kinoshita, CA Jakeway, LA Jenkins, BM Baxter, LL Wu, BC Blevins, LG AF Turn, SQ Kinoshita, CA Jakeway, LA Jenkins, BM Baxter, LL Wu, BC Blevins, LG TI Fuel characteristics of processed, high-fiber sugarcane SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; sugarcane; bagasse; fuel processing; bulk density; alkali; fouling; slagging; ash deformation; high-fiber cane ID INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS; BIOMASS AB A study of treatment methods to improve the fuel characteristics of sugarcane variety B52298 was conducted. Two parent materials, whole cane (WC) and stripped cane (SC), were included in the study. The whole cane material was subjected to three treatments: (1) no treatment, WC-U; (2) a single milling, WC-M; and (3) an initial milling followed by leaching and a secondary milling, WC-MLM. Treatments (1) through (3) are in order of increasing severity. The stripped cane material was subjected to treatment (3) and designated as SC-MLM. Regardless of parent material, milling produced moisture contents of similar to50% wet basis and fiber bulk densities of similar to97 kg m(-3) in the treated fuels and produced a shift in particle distributions toward smaller sizes. Geometric mean diameters (by weight) of the WC-U, WC-M, WC-MLM, and SC-MLM materials were 2.3, 1.8, 1.3, and 1.3 mm, respectively. Ash generated from the fuel was reduced by roughly 1% (absolute) for each milling operation, resulting in reductions of similar to2% for the WC-MLM and SC-MLM treatments. Ash reduction was primarily due to the removal of K, Cl, and S by the treatment operations. Ash removal, in addition to reductions in the O content of the treated fuels, contributed to an increase in the energy content of the fuels from similar to17.6 MJ kg(-1) in the parent materials to 18.4 and 19.2 MJ kg(-1) for the WC-MLM and SC-MLM treatments, respectively. K, Cl, S, and N concentrations were all reduced in the fuel by the treatments. K comprised similar to1.3% of the parent materials and Cl accounted for 0.65% and 0.83% of dry matter for the whole cane and stripped cane parent materials, respectively. Reductions in K concentration relative to the parent materials for the WC-M, WC-MLM, and SC-MLM treatments were 50%, 86%, and 91%, respectively. Cl was reduced 62% by the WC-M treatment relative to the unprocessed whole cane, and removal was essentially complete for the two leached treatments. Sulfur in the two parent materials accounted for similar to0.22% of plant dry matter. Compared to the parent materials, the WC-M, WC-MLM, and SC-MLM treatments removed 36%, 82%, and 86% of the S, respectively. Nitrogen concentrations in the stripped cane and whole cane parent materials were 0.48% and 0.37%, respectively. Nitrogen reduction by the WC-M, WC-MLM, and SC-MLM treatments was 12%, 27%, and 57%, respectively. Ash deformation temperatures (oxidizing atmosphere) increased in the treated fuels compared to parent materials. Ash from the WC-MLM treatment did not attain the initial stage of deformation at the maximum test temperature, 1482degreesC. Ash of the WC-M and SC-MLM treatments became fluid at similar to1350degreesC. Experimentally determined fluid temperatures for the more severely treated fuels compared well with values predicted by a ternary phase diagram for the SiO2-K2O-CaO system. Slagging and fouling indices were computed for each of the fuel treatments. Values for WC-U and WC-M exceeded a benchmark of 0.34 kg (K2O+Na2O) GJ(-1) and would be expected to cause ash deposition in boiler use. Values for the WC-MLM and SC-MLM treatments were 0.13 and 0.08 kg (K2O+Na2O) GJ(-1), respectively, and are good candidates for boiler fuels. Concomitant reductions in S and Cl for these two fuels further reduce the likelihood of ash deposition, as well as improve environmental performance by reducing criteria and acid gas pollutant emissions. Mass balances for K and Cl were conducted for the treatment operations. Closure for the balances ranged from 112% to 122% over all treatments, and was viewed as validating the consistency of the results. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co, Puunene, HI 96784 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Turn, SQ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, 1680 EW Rd,Post 109, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 35 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0378-3820(02)00252-7 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 674QY UT WOS:000182648500004 ER PT J AU Tringe, JW Uhlman, TA Oliver, AC Houston, JE AF Tringe, JW Uhlman, TA Oliver, AC Houston, JE TI A single asperity study of Au/Au electrical contacts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; MICROCONTACTS; DEFORMATION; MICROSCOPY AB Interfacial force microscopy (IFM) is used to measure the electrical contact properties of electroplated gold thin films of the type used in microelectromechanical system relays. Force and current levels consistent with those present in metal-metal contact switches are examined in an atmospheric-pressure, dry-nitrogen ambient at room temperature, and the nature of a nonmetallic contamination layer which limits contact resistance and lifetime is explicitly examined mechanically, electrically and chemically. The electrical and mechanical properties of the contamination layer on the gold substrate are observed by IFM both before and after being exposed to ozone for an extended period of time. The contamination film is characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and found to consist mostly of hydrocarbons; the film remains relatively stable in both composition and thickness following ozonation. However, some subtle chemical changes in the contamination layer induced by the ozonation process are found to profoundly affect the electrical properties of the gold-gold contact, reducing the resistance by more than 3 orders of magnitude and considerably reducing variability in the contact resistance between contact events. These results clearly demonstrate the critical role both positive and negative of the latent contamination present on the contact surfaces. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tringe, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 4661 EP 4669 DI 10.1063/1.1561998 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 660YL UT WOS:000181863100042 ER PT J AU Choi, IH Yu, PY AF Choi, IH Yu, PY TI Properties of phase-pure InSe films prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with a single-source precursor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANT RAMAN-SCATTERING; THIN-FILMS; LAYER; M0 AB Phase-pure InSe thin films have been prepared by a low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique using a single-source precursor: [(Me)(2)In(mu-SeMe)](2). These films have been characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and found to be single-phased and polycrystalline with a hexagonal lattice. The optical properties of the films have been studied via absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopies. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Choi, IH (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 4673 EP 4677 DI 10.1063/1.1561584 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 660YL UT WOS:000181863100044 ER PT J AU Harmon, BN Antonov, VN AF Harmon, BN Antonov, VN TI Electronic structure and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in Gd-5(Si2Ge2) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; MAGNETOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; PHASE-TRANSITION; FE; 3D; METAL; ORDER AB The electronic structure and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in Gd-5(Ge2Si2) are investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac linear muffin-tin orbital band structure method. The electronic structure is obtained with the local spin-density approximation (LSDA) as well as the LSDA+U approximation. The x-ray absorption spectra as well as the x-ray circular magnetic dichroism at the K edges for Ge and Si sites and L-2,L-3, M-2,M-3, M-4,M-5, N-2,N-3, N-4,N-5, and O-2,O-3 edges for Gd sites are calculated. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kiev Met Phys Inst, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Harmon, BN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 82 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 4678 EP 4685 DI 10.1063/1.1559641 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 660YL UT WOS:000181863100045 ER PT J AU Pecharsky, AO Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK AF Pecharsky, AO Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK TI The giant magnetocaloric effect of optimally prepared Gd5Si2Ge2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION; PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; TRANSITION; GD-5(SI2GE2); GD-5(SI1.8GE2.2); GD5SI4-GD5GE4; SYSTEM AB The appropriate heat treatment of the Gd5Si2Ge2 alloy prepared from high-purity Gd results in a considerable enhancement of its magnetocaloric effect. The maximum magnetic entropy change increases by similar to80% (from similar to20 to 36 J/kg K) and the adiabatic temperature change increases by similar to55% (from similar to11 to 17 K) for a magnetic field change from 0 to 50 kOe when compared to the as arc-melted material. The magnetic ordering temperature is slightly reduced from similar to277 K in the as arc-melted material to similar to272 K in the fully homogenized and annealed Gd5Si2Ge2. The behavior of the isothermal magnetization as a function of magnetic field changes to some extent, while the heat capacity anomaly at the phase transition temperature is considerably sharper. The 1570 K heat treatment results in the partial ordering and redistribution of the Si and Ge atoms between their corresponding crystallographic sites in the monoclinic Gd5Si2Ge2-type structure and to the removal of the polymorphic orthorhombic Gd5Si2Ge2 phase with the Gd5Si4-type structure, which coexists with the monoclinic phase in the as arc-melted alloy. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cagey@ameslab.gov NR 19 TC 162 Z9 171 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 4722 EP 4728 DI 10.1063/1.1558210 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 660YL UT WOS:000181863100053 ER PT J AU Yan, YF Liu, P Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, YF Liu, P Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM TI Formation of metallic zinc nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EVAPORATION; TIN OXIDE; NANORIBBONS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOBELTS; NANOTUBES; GROWTH AB Metallic zinc nanowires are synthesized by evaporating ZnO powder mixed with graphite in an NH3 flowing carrying gas environment. The majority of the as-synthesized zinc nanowires are single crystalline and free from structural defects, whereas a small portion of the nanowires consists of single-crystalline Zn nanorod segments. The zinc nanowires usually have serpentine geometries, with lengths up to a few micrometers and diameters 20 to 200 nanometers. The growth direction of the nanowires is usually +/-[001]. Most zinc nanowires are covered with an oxide layer. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 NR 19 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 4807 EP 4809 DI 10.1063/1.1560854 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 660YL UT WOS:000181863100068 ER PT J AU Trivedi, R David, SA Eshelman, MA Vitek, JM Babu, SS Hong, T DebRoy, T AF Trivedi, R David, SA Eshelman, MA Vitek, JM Babu, SS Hong, T DebRoy, T TI In situ observations of weld pool solidification using transparent metal-analog systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURES; PARTICLES; MODEL AB The dynamics of weld solidification were observed in situ using a laser welding process on transparent organic materials systems. Succinonitrile was used to simulate a pure metal system and succinonitrile with 1.2 wt. % acetone was used to simulate an alloy system. Observed weld pool shapes in succinonitrile were in good agreement with theoretical heat transfer calculations. The dynamics of weld pool shape in the succinonitrile-acetone system were related to complex interactions between grain orientation, grain selection, and dendrite orientations, which depend strongly on welding speed. An increase in welding speed leads to a transition from a steady-state to a nonsteady-state weld pool shape. Several other phenomena, including epitaxial growth, grain selection process, grain boundary melting, and porosity formation, were also observed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ctr Tech, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM davidsa1@ornl.gov RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010; DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579; NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 93 IS 8 BP 4885 EP 4895 DI 10.1063/1.1559934 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 660YL UT WOS:000181863100079 ER PT J AU Shabalovskaya, SA Anderegg, J Laab, F Thiel, PA Rondelli, G AF Shabalovskaya, SA Anderegg, J Laab, F Thiel, PA Rondelli, G TI Surface conditions of nitinol wires, tubing, and as-cast alloys. The effect of chemical etching, aging in boiling water, and heat treatment SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE 600-grit polished Nitinol and wire/tubing surface conditions; surface treatment; chemical etching; aging in boiling water and heat treatment; amorphous oxide ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; IMPLANTS; NICKEL; TINI AB The surface conditions of Nitinol wires and tubing were evaluated with the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution Auger spectroscopy, electron backscattering, and scanning-electron microscopy. Samples were studied in the as-received state as well as after chemical etching, aging in boiling water, and heat treatment, and compared to a mechanically polished 600-grit-finish Nitinol surface treated similarly. General regularities in surface behavior induced by the examined surface treatments are similar for wires, tubing, and studied as-cast alloy, though certain differences in surface Ni concentration were observed. Nitinol wires and tubing from various suppliers demonstrated great variability in Ni surface concentration (0.5-15 at.%) and Ti/Ni ratio (0.4-35). The wires in the as-received state, with the exception of those with a black oxide originating in the processing procedure, revealed nickel and titanium on the surface in both elemental and oxidized states, indicating a nonpassive surface. Shape-setting heat treatment at 500 degreesC for 15 min resulted in tremendous increase in the surface Ni concentration and complete Ni oxidation. Preliminary chemical etching and boiling in water successfully prevented surface enrichment in Ni, initially resulting from heat treatment. A stoichiometric uniformly amorphous TiO2 oxide generated during chemical etching and aging in boiling water was reconstructed at 700 degreesC, revealing rutile structure. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CNR, Inst Energy & Interface, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Shabalovskaya, SA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1R01 HL 67632-01] NR 17 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 65B IS 1 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.10001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 671EV UT WOS:000182453100009 PM 12632390 ER PT J AU Michelsen, HA AF Michelsen, HA TI Understanding and predicting the temporal response of laser-induced incandescence from carbonaceous particles SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SOOT-VOLUME FRACTION; TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SIZE MEASUREMENTS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; NO MOLECULES; BASAL-PLANE; SHOCK-TUBE AB This paper describes a model for analyzing and predicting the temporal behavior of laser-induced incandescence (LII) from combustion-generated soot, carbon black, and other carbonaceous particles on a nanosecond time scale. The model accounts for particle heating by absorption of light from a pulsed laser and cooling by sublimation, conduction, and radiation. The model also includes mechanisms for oxidation, melting, and annealing of the particles and nonthermal photodesorption of carbon clusters from the particle surface. At fluences above 0.1 J/cm(2), particle temperatures during the laser pulse are determined by the balance between absorption and sublimation, whereas at lower fluences particle temperatures do not reach the sublimation temperature, and temperatures are predominantly controlled by absorption and conduction. After the laser pulse, temperatures are predominantly controlled by conductive cooling rates. Oxidative heating may compete with conductive cooling on these time scales. Annealing of the particles to a more ordered phase of carbon is predicted to occur at fluences as low as 0.02 J/cm(2). Annealing may strongly influence sublimation rates, and changes in emissivity during annealing are predicted to increase signal decay rates. Supersonic expansion of the carbon clusters sublimed from the surface is calculated to occur at fluences above 0.12 J/cm(2). When compared with LII measurements recorded in a flame at atmospheric pressure, the model reproduces the shapes and relative magnitudes of LII temporal profiles over a wide range of laser fluences. Comparisons between model predictions and experimental observations suggest that the particles do not melt at laser fluences that lead to melting of bulk graphite. These comparisons also indicate that the energy released during particle annealing is much smaller than that released during annealing of neutron- or electron-irradiated graphite. Despite good agreement between model and experimental results, large uncertainties exist for input parameters used to calculate annealing rates and rates of oxidation, conduction, absorption, emission, and photolytic desorption of carbon clusters for both the initial and annealed particles. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Michelsen, HA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9055,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 203 TC 147 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 15 BP 7012 EP 7045 DI 10.1063/1.1559483 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 662KE UT WOS:000181945200034 ER PT J AU Saravanan, C Shao, Y Baer, R Ross, PN Head-Gordon, M AF Saravanan, C Shao, Y Baer, R Ross, PN Head-Gordon, M TI Sparse matrix multiplications for linear scaling electronic structure calculations in an atom-centered basis set using multiatom blocks SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE linear scaling; electronic structure calculations; multiatom blocks ID FUNCTIONAL THEORY CALCULATIONS; FAST MULTIPOLE METHOD; DENSITY-MATRIX; HARTREE-FOCK; DIRECT OPTIMIZATION; MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; DIAGONALIZATION; COMPUTATION; SEARCH; ENGINE AB A sparse matrix multiplication scheme with multiatom blocks is reported, a tool that can be very useful for developing linear-scaling methods with atom-centered basis functions. Compared to conventional element-by-element sparse matrix multiplication schemes, efficiency is gained by the use of the highly optimized basic linear algebra subroutines (BLAS). However, some sparsity is lost in the multiatom blocking scheme because these matrix blocks will in general contain negligible elements. As a result, an optimal block size that minimizes the CPU time by balancing these two effects is recovered. In calculations on linear alkanes, polyglycines, estane polymers, and water clusters the optimal block size is found to be between 40 and 100 basis functions, where about 55-75% of the machine peak performance was achieved on an IBM RS6000 workstation. In these calculations, the blocked sparse matrix multiplications can be 10 times faster than a standard element-by-element sparse matrix package. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 39 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 5 BP 618 EP 622 DI 10.1002/jcc.10224 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 662NT UT WOS:000181954400008 PM 12632476 ER PT J AU Digeos, AA Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE Atiq, S Grimes, RW Boccaccini, AR AF Digeos, AA Valdez, JA Sickafus, KE Atiq, S Grimes, RW Boccaccini, AR TI Glass matrix/pyrochlore phase composites for nuclear wastes encapsulation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLUTONIUM; CERAMICS; OXIDES; IMMOBILIZATION; PYROCHLORE; ZIRCONATE; FORM AB Novel composite materials have been developed as alternative forms to immobilise nuclear solid waste. These composites are made of a lead-containing glass matrix, into which particles of lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore are embedded in 10 and 30 vol% concentrations. The fabrication involves powder mixing, pressing and pressureless sintering. The processing conditions were investigated with the aim of achieving the highest possible density. The best composites obtained showed a good distribution of the lanthanum zirconate particles in the glass matrix, strong bonding of the particles to the matrix and relatively low porosity (< 10%). The best sintering temperature was 600&DEG;C for the 10 vol% composite and 650&DEG;C for 30 vol%. Sintering was carried out for an hour and a heating rate of 10&DEG;C . min(-1) was shown to be superior to a heating rate of 2&DEG;C . min(-1). At the relatively low sintering temperatures used, the pyrochlore crystalline structure of lanthanum zirconate, relevant for containment of radioactive nuclei, was stable. (C) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boccaccini, AR (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. RI Boccaccini, Aldo/C-7905-2013 NR 31 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1597 EP 1604 DI 10.1023/A:1023242702644 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 665AX UT WOS:000182098400002 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Yanaka, M AF Hsueh, CH Yanaka, M TI Multiple film cracking in film/substrate systems with residual stresses and unidirectional loading SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SILICON-OXIDE LAYERS; IN-SITU OBSERVATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BRITTLE FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SUBSTRATE; COATINGS; ADHESION; STRAIN; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE) AB Multiple film cracking in film/substrate systems is analyzed in the present study. Specifically, the experimental measurements of multiple cracking of SiOx films of various thicknesses on polyethylene terephthalate substrates are analyzed. The system is subjected to both residual stresses and unidirectional tensile loading. Considering a three-dimensional geometry, an analytical model is developed to derive the stress distribution in the system, and the film-cracking problem is analyzed using both the strength and the energy criteria. Compared to the strength criterion, the energy criterion shows better agreement with the measurements of the crack density versus applied strain relation. (C) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Toppan Tech Res Inst, Sugito, Saitama 3458508, Japan. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 29 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1809 EP 1817 DI 10.1023/A:1023200415364 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 665AX UT WOS:000182098400030 ER PT J AU Xomeritakis, G Naik, S Braunbarth, CM Cornelius, CJ Pardey, R Brinker, CJ AF Xomeritakis, G Naik, S Braunbarth, CM Cornelius, CJ Pardey, R Brinker, CJ TI Organic-templated silica membranes - I. Gas and vapor transport properties SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zeolite; tetrapropylammonium bromide; sol-gel silica ID MOLECULAR-SIEVE MEMBRANES; ZSM-5 TUBULAR MEMBRANES; MFI ZEOLITE MEMBRANES; PERMEATION PROPERTIES; INORGANIC MEMBRANES; SEEDED GROWTH; SEPARATION; ISOMERS; XYLENE; MICROSTRUCTURE AB A novel and efficient method for molecular engineering of the pore size and porosity of microporous sol-gel silica membranes is demonstrated in this communication. By adding a suitable organic template (e.g. tetraethyl- or tetrapropylammonium bromide) in polymeric silica sols, otherwise known to result in microporous membranes with pores in the range 3-4 Angstrom, we can 'shift' the pore size to 5-6 Angstrom, as judged by single-component gas and vapor permeation results with probe molecules of increasing kinetic diameter (d(k)). The templated membranes exhibit permeances as high as 10(-7) to 10(-6) mol m(-2) s(-1) Pa-1 for molecules with d(k) < 4.0 &ANGS; (e.g. CO2, N-2, CH4), coupled with single-component selectivities of 100-1800 for N-2/SF6, 20-40 for n-butane/iso-butane, and 10-20 for para-xylene/ortho-xylene. The transport properties of the templated membranes are distinctly different from those of the respective silica membranes prepared without templating, and resemble somewhat the transport properties of polycrystalline zeolite MFI membranes prepared by the lengthy, batch hydrothermal synthesis approach, using tetrapropylammonium bromide as a structure directing agent. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, NSF, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. PDVSA Intevep, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, NSF, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 215 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00616-6 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 668DN UT WOS:000182275200020 ER PT J AU Weaver, CM Pinezich, JD Lindquist, WB Vazquez, ME AF Weaver, CM Pinezich, JD Lindquist, WB Vazquez, ME TI An algorithm for neurite outgrowth reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article DE neurite outgrowth quantification; explant; image analysis; retinal ganglion; high-LET; neurotoxicity ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; ORGANOTYPIC CULTURES; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; NEURAL RETINA; NEUROTOXICITY; QUANTIFICATION; INDUCTION; EXPLANTS AB We present a numerical method which provides the ability to analyze digitized microscope images of retinal explants and quantify neurite outgrowth. Few parameters are required as input and limited user interaction is necessary to process an entire experiment of images. This eliminates fatigue related errors and user-related bias common to manual analysis. The method does not rely on stained images and handles images of variable quality. The algorithm is used to determine time and dose dependent, in vitro, neurotoxic effects of 1 GeV per nucleon iron particles in retinal explants. No neurotoxic effects are detected until 72 h after exposure; at 72 h, significant reductions of neurite outgrowth occurred at doses higher than 10 cGy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Adv Acoust Concepts, Hauppauge, NY 11788 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lindquist, WB (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 124 IS 2 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0165-0270(03)00017-7 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 678XZ UT WOS:000182893100010 PM 12706850 ER PT J AU Fu, RW Dresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus, G Zheng, B Liu, J Satcher, J Baumann, TF AF Fu, RW Dresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus, G Zheng, B Liu, J Satcher, J Baumann, TF TI The growth of carbon nanostructures on cobalt-doped carbon aerogels SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC GRAPHITIZATION; NANOTUBES AB By carbonizing cobalt-doped aerogel precursors directly at various temperatures, or by carbon monoxide decomposition of cobalt-doped carbon aerogels, different carbon nano-features such as carbon nano-filaments and graphitic nano-ribbons were grown on cobalt-doped carbon aerogel samples. Transmission electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction characterization results showed that metallic cobalt nano-particles form when heating the cobalt-doped aerogel samples over 500 degreesC. At low heating temperature, many highly oriented carbon thin films can be found on metallic cobalt nano-particles. When heating the samples at 850 degreesC, some carbon nano-filaments are obtained. While heating the samples at 1050 degreesC, many graphitic nano-ribbons are grown and the framework of the interconnected carbon particles of the sample is changed. Graphitic nano-ribbons can also be grown by CO decomposition of the cobalt-doped carbon aerogels. We can therefore control and modify the nanostructures of cobalt-doped carbon aerogels by heating them at different temperatures or by using CO decomposition. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Zhongshan Univ, Lab PCFM, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Room 13-3005, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM millie@mgm.mit.edu RI Liu, Jie/B-4440-2010 OI Liu, Jie/0000-0003-0451-6111 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 318 IS 3 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)01903-8 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 652VY UT WOS:000181402600001 ER PT J AU Salazar, MR Lightfoot, JM Russell, BG Rodin, WA McCarty, M Wrobleski, DA Orler, EB Spieker, DA Assink, RA Pack, RT AF Salazar, MR Lightfoot, JM Russell, BG Rodin, WA McCarty, M Wrobleski, DA Orler, EB Spieker, DA Assink, RA Pack, RT TI Degradation of a poly(ester urethane) elastomer. III. Estane 5703 hydrolysis: Experiments and modeling SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE degradation; poly(ester urethane); hydrolysis; kinetics (polym.); modeling ID KINETICS; DIOLS AB Hydrolytic degradation data from a wide variety of experiments on Estane 5703, a commercial poly(ester urethane), are modeled with an A(AC)2 mechanism of reversible esterification and hydrolysis together with a cluster model for water concentration. The experimental conditions spanned a range of temperatures from 21 to 95degreesC, relative humidities from 0 to 100%, times up to more than 30 years, and different initial molecular weights and acidities. In addition, the experiments were performed in several different laboratories with a number of different instruments and techniques. All the experimental data, both for molecular weight and acidity, are modeled with a single set of concentration-independent rate coefficients, and the kinetic model fits the data well and constitutes a robust model of the hydrolytic degradation of this polymer. The results also show that ester hydrolysis is the dominant cause of the molecular weight loss of Estane 5703 in indoor storage at ambient temperatures and humidities. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. BWXT Pantex Plant LLC, Amarillo, TX 79120 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Honeywell Fed Mfg & Technol, Kansas City, MO 64141 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pack, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12,Mail Stop B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pack@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1136 EP 1151 DI 10.1002/pola.10656 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 657ZK UT WOS:000181697000010 ER PT J AU Sinars, DB Pikuz, SA Shelkovenko, TA Chandler, KM Hammer, DA Apruzese, JP AF Sinars, DB Pikuz, SA Shelkovenko, TA Chandler, KM Hammer, DA Apruzese, JP TI Time-resolved spectroscopy of Al, Ti, and Mo X pinch radiation using an X-ray streak camera SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE X pinch; dense plasma; X-ray spectroscopy; X-ray streak camera; emission line ratio calculations; time-resolved spectroscopy; exploding wires ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; BE-LIKE FE; ELECTRON-BEAM; PLASMA; LINES; ALUMINUM; DENSE; POLARIZATION; EMISSION; POINT AB Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of the radiation emitted from Al, Ti, and Mo X pinches have been made with < 10 ps time resolution. The radiation is emitted from micropinch plasmas with sizes of order 1 μm in times in the 10-100 ps range. Spectra implied that dense, &SIM;1 keV plasmas were produced, such as a 90 ps lifetime, 1.5-1.8 keV electron temperature and near solid-density Ti plasma. The experimental systems and analysis methods are described in detail, including line ratio calculations for μm-scale Ti and Al plasmas with ion densities of 10(19)-10(24) cm(-3) and &SIM;1 keV electron temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USN, Radiat Hydrodynam Branch, Div Plasma Phys, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Sinars, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Pikuz, Sergey/M-8231-2015; Shelkovenko, Tatiana/M-8254-2015 NR 36 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1 BP 61 EP 83 AR PII S0022-4073(02)00180-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00180-2 PG 23 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 649TL UT WOS:000181224000005 ER PT J AU Polonsky, IN Box, MA Davis, AB AF Polonsky, IN Box, MA Davis, AB TI Radiative transfer through inhomogeneous turbid media: implementation of the adjoint perturbation approach at the first order SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE 3D radiative transfer; cloud optics; perturbation technique ID CLOUDS AB Recently, the advantages of application of the perturbation technique which is based on joint use of both the direct and adjoint solutions of the radiative transfer equation to solve and analyze some 1D problems of atmospheric physics has been demonstrated. In this paper this technique is applied to problems of radiative transfer through spatially inhomogeneous scattering and absorbing media. This technique is shown to allow one both to obtain the solution with reasonable accuracy and to get physical insight into the problem under consideration. The accuracy of the perturbation technique is demonstrated through comparison with results from the SHDOM simulation code for one problem of cloud optics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp NIS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Polonsky, IN (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1 BP 85 EP 98 AR PII S0022-4073(02)00181-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00181-4 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 649TL UT WOS:000181224000006 ER PT J AU Box, MA Polonsky, IN Davis, AB AF Box, MA Polonsky, IN Davis, AB TI Higher order perturbation theory applied to radiative transfer in non-plane-parallel media SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID WEAKLY INHOMOGENEOUS-MEDIUM; DISCRETE ORDINATE METHOD; PART I; ATMOSPHERES; CLOUDS AB Radiative transfer in non-plane-parallel media is a very challenging problem, which is currently the subject of concerted efforts to develop computational techniques which may be used to tackle different tasks. In this paper we develop the full formalism for another technique, based on radiative perturbation theory. With this approach, one starts with a plane-parallel 'base model', for which many solution techniques exist, and treat the horizontal variability as a perturbation. We show that under the most logical assumption as to the base model, the first-order perturbation term is zero for domain-average radiation quantities, so that it is necessary to go to higher order terms. This requires the computation of the Green's function. While this task is by no means simple, once the various pieces have been assembled they may be re-used for any number of perturbations-that is, any horizontal variations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp NIS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Box, MA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1 BP 105 EP 118 AR PII S0022-4073(02)00188-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00188-7 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 649TL UT WOS:000181224000008 ER PT J AU Benitez, JJ Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Benitez, JJ Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M TI Preparation and characterization of self-assembled multilayers of octadecylamine on mica from ethanol solutions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FRICTION FORCE MICROSCOPY; MONOLAYERS; FILMS AB Films of octadecylamine molecules on mica have been prepared from ethanol solutions and characterized by atomic force microscopy. Multilayer films are formed exposing terraces with alternating frictional and wear properties, which are assigned to methyl and amino group terminations. Micellar formation in the ethanol solution and subsequent deposition onto the mica is the proposed growth mechanism. By addition of acid, the ratio between protonated and unprotonated molecules was changed. The influence of this parameter on the structure of the terraces is also reported. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sevilla, CSIC, Ctr Mixto, Inst Ciencia Mat, Seville 41092, Spain. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Benitez, Jose J/K-5662-2014 OI Benitez, Jose J/0000-0002-3222-0564 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 8 BP 3276 EP 3281 DI 10.1021/la020325o PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 670CD UT WOS:000182389100030 ER PT J AU Koffas, TS Opdahl, A Marmo, C Somorjai, GA AF Koffas, TS Opdahl, A Marmo, C Somorjai, GA TI Effect of equilibrium bulk water content on the humidity-dependent surface mechanical properties of hydrophilic contact lenses studied by atomic force microscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; MICROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; POLYMERIC MATERIALS; BACTERIAL ADHESION; NMR MEASUREMENTS; T-2 RELAXATION; HYDROGELS; AFM; FRICTION AB The surface mechanical properties of neutral poly(HEMA) (HEMA, hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and ionic poly(HEMA+MA) (MA, methacrylic acid) soft contact lenses were compared using the atomic force microscope (AFM). Surface stiffness, adhesion, and viscoelastic effects were extracted from AFM load-displacement plots collected under a variable probing rate in order to gauge interfacial water content as a function of humidity. Below 60% relative humidity, the surfaces of both lenses are water-depleted, relative to the bulk, and behave as glassy (elastic) polymers. As the relative humidity exceeds similar to60% and surface evaporation decreases, the surfaces of both contact lenses soften and the viscoelastic relaxation time decreases. The onset of viscoelastic behavior at the poly(HEMA+MA) surface is delayed, relative to that of poly(HEMA). This suggests that poly(HEMA) has greater interfacial water content than poly(HEMA+MA), although it possesses a lower equilibrium water content in the bulk. The AFM data also show poly(HEMA) possesses greater work of adhesion at a given humidity, relative to that of poly(HEMA+MA); these affects are related to water-mediated surface compliance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ocular Sci Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 8 BP 3453 EP 3460 DI 10.1021/la026719x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 670CD UT WOS:000182389100055 ER PT J AU Marte, JS Kampe, SL Wereszczak, AA AF Marte, JS Kampe, SL Wereszczak, AA TI Elevated temperature deformation behavior of discontinuous-reinforced titanium aluminide matrix composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE titanium aluminide composites; particulate reinforced titanium aluminides; high temperature deformation; TiB2-reinforced composites ID MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TIAL ALLOYS; STRENGTH; AL3TI; INTERMETALLICS; DUCTILITY; PHASES; CREEP AB A series of Al3Ti- and near-gamma TiAl-matrix discontinuously-reinforced composites have been produced and their elevated temperature flow behavior evaluated. Specifically, steady state compressive flow stress (i.e. maximum flow stress) was determined as a function of temperature (1000, 1100, 1200 degreesC), strain-rate (10(-3), 10(-4) s(-1)), and composite reinforcement loading percentage (30, 40, 50 v%). The experimental results have been used to develop unified constitutive equations for each matrix type that can be used to survey the sensitivity of the respective flow behavior to the independent variables of high temperature wrought processing. The results indicate that while the temperature and strain-rate dependence of flow stress can be described in terms of a traditional Zener-Holloman (temperature-compensated strain-rate) analysis, reinforcement volume percentage may additionally represent a non-traditional but influential independent variable of processing. It is shown that particulate volume loading can be used to positively influence the deformability characteristics of the composite. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. GE Co, Global Res Ctr, Schenectady, NY 12301 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kampe, SL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 346 IS 1-2 BP 292 EP 301 AR PII S921-5093(02)00553-1 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00553-1 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 642RG UT WOS:000180817700035 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, M He, Y Yeung, ES AF Hashimoto, M He, Y Yeung, ES TI On-line integration of PCR and cycle sequencing in capillaries: from human genomic DNA directly to called bases SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MUTATION ANALYSIS; AMPLIFICATION; PRODUCTS; PURIFICATION; FRAGMENTS AB A fully integrated system has been developed for genetic analysis based on direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The instrument is based on a serially connected fused-silica capillary assembly. The technique involves the use of microreactors for small-volume PCR and for dye-terminator cycle-sequencing reaction, purification of the sequencing fragments, and separation of the purified DNA ladder. Four modifications to the normal PCR protocol allow the elimination of post-reaction purification. The use of capillaries as reaction vessels significantly reduced the required reaction time. True reduction in reagent cost is achieved by a novel sample preparation procedure where nanoliter volumes of templates and sequencing reaction reagent are mixed using a micro-syringe pump. The remaining stock solution of sequencing reaction reagent can be reused without contamination. The performance of the whole system is demonstrated by one-step sequencing of a specific 257-bp region in human chromosome DNA. Base calling for the smaller fragments is limited only by the resolving power of the gel. The system is simple, reliable and fast. The entire process from PCR to DNA separation is completed in similar to4 h. Feasibilities for development of a fully automated sequencing system in the high-throughput format and future adaptation of this concept to a microchip are discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 65 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 31 IS 8 AR e41 DI 10.1093/nar/gng041 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 666DK UT WOS:000182161400001 PM 12682376 ER PT J AU Naulleau, PP AF Naulleau, PP TI The role of temporal coherence in imaging with extreme ultraviolet lithography optics SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; coherence; quasimonochromatic AB Being based on reflective elements, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography optics can support much larger spectral bandwidths then do modern refractive lithography optics. Moreover, EUV source power limitations dictate the use of the full bandwidth supported by the reflective EUV multilayers. A typical four mirror EUV optic supports an operating bandwidth of approximately 360 pm. This large bandwidth, combined with the off-axis nature of EUV lithography optics leading to significant pathlength differences across the field, raises the issue of temporal coherence effects on the imaging properties of EUV systems. Here we present analysis and computer simulation of the temporal coherence effect in EUV lithography optics. The analysis shows that under typical lithographic operating conditions, temporal coherence effects can still be safely ignored. However, non-negligible effects could arise in cases of higher-coherence imaging (small partial coherence factor, a). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 219 IS 1-6 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(03)01315-4 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 672ZF UT WOS:000182553400008 ER PT J AU Bester, G Nair, S Zunger, A AF Bester, G Nair, S Zunger, A TI Pseudopotential calculation of the excitonic fine structure of million-atom self-assembled In1-xGaxAs/GaAs quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAAS; INP AB The atomistic pseudopotential method is used to accurately predict the electron-hole exchange-induced fine structure (FS) and polarization anisotropy in million-atom In1-xGaxAs/GaAs quantum dots of various shapes and compositions. The origin of the FS splittings is clarified using a simple model where the effects of atomistic symmetry and spin-orbit interaction are separately evident. Remarkably, polarization anisotropy and FS splittings are shown to occur, even in a cylindrically symmetric dot. Furthermore, "dark excitons" are predicted to be partially allowed. Trends in splittings among different shapes and compositions are revealed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Toronto, ECAN, Toronto, ON M5S 3E3, Canada. RP Bester, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817; Nair, Selvakumar/0000-0002-6140-9710 NR 17 TC 231 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 161306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.161306 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200011 ER PT J AU Brooks, JS Graf, D Choi, ES Balicas, L Storr, K Mielke, CH Papavassiliou, GC AF Brooks, JS Graf, D Choi, ES Balicas, L Storr, K Mielke, CH Papavassiliou, GC TI High-magnetic-field-induced insulating phase in an organic conductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TAU-PHASE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; INTERPLAY; SYSTEM AB We report electrical transport, skin depth, and magnetocaloric measurements in the tau-phase series of organic conductors at very high magnetic fields. In the field range above 36 T these materials show a magnetic field induced phase transition from a metallic to an insulating state. The transition, which is a bulk thermodynamic phenomenon, is Pauli, rather than orbital, in origin. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Inst Theoret & Phys Chem, GR-11635 Athens, Greece. RP Brooks, JS (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 15 AR 153104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.153104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 676FV UT WOS:000182741400004 ER PT J AU Cao, H Jiang, XY Ling, Y Xu, JY Soukoulis, CM AF Cao, H Jiang, XY Ling, Y Xu, JY Soukoulis, CM TI Mode repulsion and mode coupling in random lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE RANDOM-MEDIA; PHOTON STATISTICS; RESONANT FEEDBACK; FILMS AB We studied experimentally and theoretically the interaction of lasing modes in random media. When optical gain spectrum is inhomogeneously broadened, most lasing modes repel each other in the frequency domain. Some lasing modes are coupled through photon hopping or electron absorption and reemission. Under pulsed pumping, weak coupling of two modes leads to synchronization of their lasing action. Strong coupling of two lasing modes results in antiphased oscillations of their intensities. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Microsyst & Informat Technol, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 20 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 161101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.161101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200001 ER PT J AU Fournee, V Ledieu, J Cai, T Thiel, PA AF Fournee, V Ledieu, J Cai, T Thiel, PA TI Influence of strain in Ag on Al(111) and Al on Ag(100) thin film growth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; METAL INTERFACES; SURFACE; AG(111); RECONSTRUCTION; DISLOCATIONS; MONOLAYER; KINETICS; ALUMINUM; PT(111) AB We demonstrate the influence of interfacial strain on the growth modes of Ag films on Al(111), despite the small magnitude of the lattice misfit in this system. The strain is relieved by the formation of stacking fault domains bounded by Shockley partial dislocations. The growth mode and the step roughness appear to be strongly connected. Growth is three-dimensional (3D) as long as the steps are straight, but switches to 2D at higher coverage when the steps become rough. Anisotropic strain relaxation and straight steps seem to be related. We also report related observations for Al deposited on Ag(100). C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Liverpool, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Fournee, V (reprint author), Ecole Mines, Sci & Genie Mat Met Lab, CNRS, UMR 7584, F-54042 Nancy, France. RI Ledieu, Julian/F-1430-2010 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 15 AR 155401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.155401 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 676FV UT WOS:000182741400079 ER PT J AU Jager, ND Weber, ER Urban, K Ebert, P AF Jager, ND Weber, ER Urban, K Ebert, P TI Importance of carrier dynamics and conservation of momentum in atom-selective STM imaging and band gap determination of GaAs(110) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; III-V-SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; 110 SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY; GAAS; SEGREGATION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; ALLOYS; IMAGES AB Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements on the GaAs(110) surface with complementary theoretical calculations are performed to clarify the effects involved in the tunneling of unpinned semiconductor surfaces. We show that the flatband and tip-induced band bending as well as equilibrium conditions are insufficient to describe the effects involved. Instead, carrier dynamics and conservation of momentum of the tunneling electrons need to be taken into account for a complete description of the contributions of the valence or conduction band states. The results allow us to understand the unique properties needed to achieve the atom-selective imaging observed on these surfaces as well as the determination of the band gap energy. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jager, ND (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 165327 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.165327 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200072 ER PT J AU Jager, ND Marso, M Salmeron, M Weber, ER Urban, K Ebert, P AF Jager, ND Marso, M Salmeron, M Weber, ER Urban, K Ebert, P TI Physics of imaging p-n junctions by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAAS(110) SURFACE; DELINEATION; SIMULATION; INTERFACE; STATES AB Combined voltage-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images with atomic resolution, local scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and simulations of the potential distribution in the interface-STM tip system are used to extract the physical imaging mechanisms of GaAs p-n interfaces in STM images. It is shown that (i) the tip-induced changes of the potential near the interface result in the tunneling characteristics of the p-type (n-type) layer being dragged into the interfaces' depletion region at positive (negative) sample voltage. (ii) This leads to a considerable reduction of the apparent width of the image of the depletion zone in STM images. (iii) At small negative sample voltages, a pronounced depression line appears. The depression is directly correlated with the electronic interface. It arises from the interplay of competing current contributions from the valence and conduction bands. This understanding of the imaging process allows us to develop methods on how to extract accurate physical data about the properties of the electronic interfaces from scanning tunneling microscopy images. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Schichten & Grenzflachen, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ebert, P (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM p.ebert@fz-juelich.de NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 165307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.165307 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200052 ER PT J AU Janotti, A Wei, SH Zhang, SB Kurtz, S Van de Walle, CG AF Janotti, A Wei, SH Zhang, SB Kurtz, S Van de Walle, CG TI Interactions between nitrogen, hydrogen, and gallium vacancies in GaAs1-xNx alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; DEFECT COMPLEXES; QUANTUM-WELLS; GAINNAS; GAAS; DIFFUSION; GAS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The effects of H on the interaction between Ga vacancies V-Ga and N in GaAs1-xNx dilute alloys are studied through first-principles total-energy calculations. We find that N binds to Ga vacancies and that in the presence of H this binding is enhanced. The formation energy of V-Ga bonded to N and H (resulting in a N-H-V-Ga complex) can be more than 2 eV lower than that of the isolated Ga vacancy V-Ga in GaAs. Our finding that the concentration of V-Ga increases with N and even more in the presence of H allows us to interpret several recent experiments. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Van de Walle, Chris/A-6623-2012; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; Janotti, Anderson/F-1773-2011 OI Van de Walle, Chris/0000-0002-4212-5990; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; Janotti, Anderson/0000-0001-5028-8338 NR 26 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 161201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.161201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200005 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Ho, KM AF Li, ZY Ho, KM TI Analytic modal solution to light propagation through layer-by-layer metallic photonic crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LAMELLAR DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; BAND-GAPS; TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENTS; INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; FORMULATION; MOUNTINGS AB An analytic modal expansion method combined with a transfer-matrix technique is developed to investigate the reflection, transmission, and absorption spectra of three-dimensional layer-by-layer metallic photonic crystals working in a regime from microwave to infrared wavelengths. The eigenmodes for electromagnetic fields within each layer of the crystal are solved analytically by matching boundary conditions. The eigenmodes are then projected onto a plane wave basis, so that the scattering problem for a multilayer structure can be cast into the framework of transfer-matrix method. In addition, the structural symmetry between different layers of the crystal is fully exploited to connect the transfer matrix for different layers and significantly reduce the computation effort on the light scattering problem. Fast convergence of numerical result has been obtained and excellent agreement of theoretical results with experimental measurements has been achieved, indicating the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed analytical modal expansion method. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, ZY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 165104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.165104 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200024 ER PT J AU Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Muckerman, JT Hrbek, J AF Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Muckerman, JT Hrbek, J TI Interaction of CO, O, and S with metal nanoparticles on Au(111): A theoretical study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; NANOCLUSTER FORMATION; HYDROGEN ACTIVATION; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; OXYGEN-ADSORPTION; ISLAND NUCLEATION; PLACE-EXCHANGE AB Density functional theory and slab models are used to study the unusual behavior of Mo, Ni and Ru nanoparticles on a Au(111) substrate. After considering several different structures and compositions for the metal nanoparticles on the Au(111) interface, the calculations show that the metal particles energetically prefer to be embedded into the surface or form Au/metal particles/Au(111) sandwich like structures. The calculations also indicate that the observed deactivation of the Mo/Au interface to CO, O-2, and S-2 adsorption is due to the passivation of Mo as a result of the intermixing between Mo and Au. Mo atoms in the substrate can be pulled out to the surface by interacting with oxygen or sulfur adatoms, eventually forming molybdenum oxides or sulfides. This process depends on a delicate balance between the adsorbate-Mo and Mo-Au interactions, and usually requires high coverages of the adsorbate. It can lead to big changes in the morphology of nanoarrays. Ru/Au(111) and Ni/Au(111) exhibit a similar behavior to that of Mo/Au(111). Thus, the phenomena described above must be taken into consideration when preparing nanoparticles on a Au template. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 67 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 15 AR 155416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.155416 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 676FV UT WOS:000182741400094 ER PT J AU Menzel, A Kammler, M Conrad, EH Yeh, V Hupalo, M Tringides, MC AF Menzel, A Kammler, M Conrad, EH Yeh, V Hupalo, M Tringides, MC TI Kinetics measurements of Pb island growth on Si(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; METAL GROWTH; HEIGHT; PB/SI(111)-(7X7); NUCLEATION; SURFACES; UNIFORM AB We present the results of kinetics experiments on quantum-size-effects (QSE) Pb islands formed on Si(111). We have looked at the evolution of seven-layer Pb islands from five-layer Pb islands due to the transport of Pb atoms from the interisland region, overcoming a barrier at the island edges, and moving to the island tops. By analyzing low-energy electron-diffraction and scanning-tunneling microscopy data, we have estimated the barrier for layer formation in this system to be similar to0.32 eV. This energy is much larger than that expected from QSE electronic contributions alone. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Menzel, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Menzel, Andreas/C-4388-2012 OI Menzel, Andreas/0000-0002-0489-609X NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 165314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.165314 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200059 ER PT J AU Olshanetsky, E Caldwell, JD Pilla, M Liu, SC Bowers, CR Simmons, JA Reno, JL AF Olshanetsky, E Caldwell, JD Pilla, M Liu, SC Bowers, CR Simmons, JA Reno, JL TI Temperature dependence and mechanism of electrically detected ESR at the v=1 filling factor of a two-dimensional electron system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-RESONANCE; QUANTUM-WELLS; GAAS-ALXGA1-XAS HETEROSTRUCTURES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LANDAU-LEVEL; GAS; EXCITATIONS; RELAXATION AB Electrically detected electron spin resonance (EDESR) signals were acquired as a function of temperature in the 0.3-4.2 K temperature range in an AlGaAs/GaAs multiple-quantum-well sample at the nu = 1 filling factor at 5.7 T. In the particular sample studied, the linewidth is approximately temperature independent, while the amplitude exhibits a maximum at about 2 K and vanishes with increased or decreased temperature. The observed temperature dependence of the EDESR signal amplitude is compared to the theoretical temperature dependence calculated assuming a heating model. The model ascribes the resonant absorption of microwave power of the two-dimensional electron system (2DES) to the uniform mode of the electron spin magnetization where the elementary spin excitations at filling factor nu = 1 are taken to be spin waves, while the short-wavelength spin-wave modes serve as a heat sink for the absorbed energy. Due to the finite thermal conductance to the surroundings, the temperature of the 2DES spin-wave system is increased, resulting in a thermal activation of the longitudinal magnetoconductance. The proposed heating model correctly predicts the location of the maximum in the experimentally observed temperature dependence of the EDESR amplitude. These results suggest that EDESR data can be used to discriminate between competing theories for the magnetic ordering and magnetic excitations of a 2DES in the regime of the quantum Hall effect. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olshanetsky, E (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 165325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.165325 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200070 ER PT J AU Petrovic, C Kim, JW Bud'ko, SL Goldman, AI Canfield, PC Choe, W Miller, GJ AF Petrovic, C Kim, JW Bud'ko, SL Goldman, AI Canfield, PC Choe, W Miller, GJ TI Anisotropy and large magnetoresistance in the narrow-gap semiconductor FeSb2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MARCASITE; TRANSPORT; GROWTH AB A study of the anisotropy in magnetic, transport, and magnetotransport properties of FeSb2 has been made on large single crystals grown from Sb flux. Magnetic susceptibility of FeSb2 shows diamagnetic to paramagnetic crossover around 100 K. Electrical transport along two axes is semiconducting, whereas the third axis exhibits a metal-semiconductor crossover at temperature T-cr which is sensitive to current alignment and ranges between 40 and 80 K. In H = 70 kOe semiconducting transport is restored for T<300 K, resulting in large magnetoresistance [ρ(70 kOe) - ρ(0)]/ρ(0) = 2200% in the crossover temperature range. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Petrovic, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Choe, Wonyoung/H-8495-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Choe, Wonyoung/0000-0003-0957-1187; NR 21 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 8 U2 39 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 15 AR 155205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.155205 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 676FV UT WOS:000182741400044 ER PT J AU Ronning, F Sasagawa, T Kohsaka, Y Shen, KM Damascelli, A Kim, C Yoshida, T Armitage, NP Lu, DH Feng, DL Miller, LL Takagi, H Shen, ZX AF Ronning, F Sasagawa, T Kohsaka, Y Shen, KM Damascelli, A Kim, C Yoshida, T Armitage, NP Lu, DH Feng, DL Miller, LL Takagi, H Shen, ZX TI Evolution of a metal to insulator transition in Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2 as seen by angle-resolved photoemission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERMI-SURFACE; CUO2 PLANE; T-C; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ENERGY-SCALE; NORMAL-STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA AB We present angle resolved photoemission data on Na-doped Ca2CuO2Cl2. We demonstrate that the chemical potential shifts upon doping the system across the insulator to metal transition. The resulting low-energy spectra reveal a gap structure which appears to deviate from the canonical d(x)(2)-y(2proportional to)\ cos(k(x)a)-cos(k(y)a)\ form. To reconcile the measured gap structure with d-wave superconductivity one can understand the data in terms of two gaps, a very small one contributing to the nodal region and a very large one dominating the antinodal region. The latter is a result of the electronic structure observed in the undoped antiferromagnetic insulator. Furthermore, the low-energy electronic structure of the metallic sample contains a two component structure in the nodal direction, and a change in velocity of the dispersion in the nodal direction at roughly 50 meV. We discuss these results in connection with photoemission data on other cuprate systems. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RI Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696; damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 49 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 165101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.165101 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200021 ER PT J AU Salvadori, MC Brown, IG Vaz, AR Melo, LL Cattani, M AF Salvadori, MC Brown, IG Vaz, AR Melo, LL Cattani, M TI Measurement of the elastic modulus of nanostructured gold and platinum thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; PLASMA IMMERSION; AFM CANTILEVERS; METAL PLASMA; DEPOSITION AB Cantilevers of atomic force microscope (AFM) have been uniformly coated with gold and platinum thin films. These films are nanostructured with thickness between 18 and 73 nm. Measuring the resonance frequencies of the cantilevers, before and after the Pt and Au coatings, and using the vibrating beam theory we determined the elastic moduli E-2 of the films. We have obtained E-2=69.1+/-2.6 GPa for gold and E-2=139.7+/-2.7 GPa for platinum, that are about 12% lower than the respective bulk elastic moduli. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salvadori, MC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, Caixa Postal 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Cattani, Mauro/N-9749-2013; Salvadori, Maria Cecilia/A-9379-2013; Vaz, Alfredo/K-8655-2015 NR 18 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 15 AR 153404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.153404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 676FV UT WOS:000182741400023 ER PT J AU Seong, MJ Cheong, HM Yoon, S Geisz, JF Mascarenhas, A AF Seong, MJ Cheong, HM Yoon, S Geisz, JF Mascarenhas, A TI Symmetry of GaAs1-xNx conduction-band minimum probed by resonant Raman scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; ALLOYS; STATES; GAAS; TRANSITIONS; REDUCTION AB The nature of the conduction-band minimum of GaAs1-xNx (xless than or equal to0.7) is probed by performing resonant Raman scattering (RRS) on thin layers of GaAs1-xNx epitaxially grown on Ge substrates. Strong resonance enhancement of the LO-phonon Raman intensity is observed with excitation energies near the E-0 as well as E+ transitions. However, in contrast to the distinct LO-phonon linewidth resonance enhancement and activation of various X and L zone-boundary phonons brought about slightly below and near the E+ transition, respectively, we have not observed any resonant LO-phonon linewidth broadening or activation of sharp zone-boundary phonons near the E-0 transition. The observed RRS results reveal that the conduction-band minimum of GaAs1-xNx predominantly consists of the delocalized GaAs bulklike states of Gamma symmetry. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. RP Seong, MJ (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. EM mseong@cau.ac.kr RI Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 15 AR 153301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.153301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 676FV UT WOS:000182741400013 ER PT J AU Wei, SH Nie, XL Batyrev, IG Zhang, SB AF Wei, SH Nie, XL Batyrev, IG Zhang, SB TI Breakdown of the band-gap-common-cation rule: The origin of the small band gap of InN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL TRENDS; INGAN ALLOYS; II-VI; SEMICONDUCTORS; LOCALIZATION; ABSORPTION; ZINCBLENDE AB It is well accepted that the band gap of a semiconductor compound increases as the atomic number decreases. However, recent measurements of the small band gap of InN (E(g)similar to0.9 eV) suggest that this rule may not hold for the common-cation In compounds. Using a band-structure method that includes band-gap correction, we systematically study the chemical trends of the band-gap variation in III-V semiconductors. The calculated InN band gap is 0.85+/-0.1 eV, much smaller than previous experimental value of similar to1.9 eV. The InN band-gap anomaly is explained in terms of atomic-orbital energies and the band-gap deformation potentials. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 39 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 165209 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.165209 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200039 ER PT J AU Yaresko, AN Antonov, VN Fulde, P AF Yaresko, AN Antonov, VN Fulde, P TI Localized U 5f electrons in UPd3 from LDA+U calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND THEORY; UPT3; SYSTEMS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; TRANSITION; METALS AB A generalization of the local-density approximation + U (LDA+U) method which takes into account that in the presence of spin-orbit coupling the occupation matrix of localized electrons becomes nondiagonal in spin indices is used to study the electronic structure of UPd3 and UPd1.5Pt1.5. For both compounds LDA+U calculations give a solution with two localized U 5f electrons. Their energy position agrees well with the binding energy of a U 5f peak observed in photoemission experiments. The calculations also reproduce the shift of the peak position toward the Fermi level upon Pt substitution. The LDA+U results are compared to the results of LDA calculations for ThPd3 and ThPd1.5Pt1.5 and their dependence on the crystal structure is analyzed. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Complex Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Yaresko, AN (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, Nothnitzer Str 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. NR 34 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 15 AR 155103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.155103 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 676FV UT WOS:000182741400028 ER PT J AU Zajonz, H Gibbs, D Baddorf, AP Zehner, DM AF Zajonz, H Gibbs, D Baddorf, AP Zehner, DM TI Nanoscale strain distribution at the Ag/Ru(0001) interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY-SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS; METAL-SURFACES; CU FILMS; RU(0001) AB We present an x-ray scattering study of the structure and strain distribution of the orthorhombic (20x20) reconstruction of a one monolayer Ag film grown on Ru(0001) at T = 690 K. The application of very-fast simulated annealing algorithms to the measured x-ray intensities leads to a model in which the Ag film forms a two-dimensionally modulated hexagonal network of dislocations separating smaller patches of ideal hcp and faulted fcc adlayer stacking. Calculations of the in-plane strain distribution based on the model reveal a simple stripelike structure with a 4.5-nm periodicity, reminiscent of what is observed on Cu/Ru(0001). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zajonz, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 15 AR 155417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.155417 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 676FV UT WOS:000182741400095 ER PT J AU Zheng, JC Payne, MC Feng, YP Lim, ATL AF Zheng, JC Payne, MC Feng, YP Lim, ATL TI Stability and electronic properties of carbon phosphide compounds with 1 : 1 stoichiometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NITRIDE; SOLIDS; DEPOSITION; ENERGY; GAS AB The stability and electronic properties of various structures of carbon phosphide as well as other possible group IV-V compounds with 1:1 stoichiometry have been examined using first-principles calculations. Similar to CN, layered structures of CP are found to be energetically stable. Among all the structures considered in this study, the GaSe-like layered structure with fourfold coordination of group-IV atoms and threefold coordination of group-V atoms is energetically favorable for all group IV-V compounds except for the heaviest compound SnSb. The low-energy GaSe-like structure of CP has semiconductor characteristics, while other structures show metallic properties. With gradual change of group-IV element from C to Sn, and group-V element from N to Sb, sp(3) hybridization becomes energetically favorable. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Bldg 463B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jincheng_zheng@yahoo.com RI Cavendish, TCM/C-9489-2009; Zheng, JC/G-3383-2010; Feng, Yuan Ping /A-4507-2012 OI Zheng, JC/0000-0002-6292-3236; Feng, Yuan Ping /0000-0003-2190-2284 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 15 AR 153105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.153105 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 676FV UT WOS:000182741400005 ER PT J AU Zhu, JX Balatsky, AV AF Zhu, JX Balatsky, AV TI Theory of current and shot-noise spectroscopy in single-molecular quantum dots with a phonon mode SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESONANT-TUNNELING SYSTEMS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; SCATTERING-THEORY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTANCE; WIRES; TRANSISTOR; RESISTANCE; JUNCTION AB Using the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green function technique, we study the current and shot-noise spectroscopy of a single-molecular quantum dot coupled to a local phonon mode. It is found that in the presence of electron-phonon coupling, in addition to the resonant peak associated with the single level of the dot, satellite peaks with the separation set by the frequency of phonon mode appear in the differential conductance. In the "single-level" resonant-tunneling region, the differential shot-noise power exhibits two split peaks. However, only single peaks show up in the "phonon-assisted" resonant-tunneling region. An experimental setup to test these predictions is also proposed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 43 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 16 AR 165326 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.165326 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677TT UT WOS:000182824200071 ER PT J AU Chung, DJH AF Chung, DJH TI Classical inflaton field induced creation of superheavy dark matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; ADIABATIC REGULARIZATION; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; GRAVITINO PRODUCTION; DECAY; BARYOGENESIS; COSMOLOGY; RESONANCE AB We calculate analytically and numerically the production of superheavy dark matter (scalar field X) when it is coupled to the inflaton field phi within the context of a slow-roll m(phi)(2)phi(2)/2 inflationary model with coupling g(2)X(2)phi(2)/2. We find that X particles with a mass as large as 1000H(i), where H-i is the value of the Hubble expansion rate at the end of inflation, can be produced in sufficient abundance to be cosmologically significant today. This means that superheavy dark matter may have a mass of up to 10(-3)M(Pl). We also derive a simple formula that can be used to estimate particle production as a result of a quantum field's interaction with a general class of homogeneous classical fields. Finally, we note that the combined effect of the inflaton field and the gravitational field on the X field causes the production to be a nonmonotonic function of g(2). C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM djchung@feynman.physics.lsa.umich.edu NR 75 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 8 AR 083514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.083514 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675ZV UT WOS:000182728200028 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Grojean, C Murayama, H AF Csaki, C Grojean, C Murayama, H TI Standard model Higgs boson from higher dimensional gauge fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; WILSON LINES; ORBIFOLD COMPACTIFICATIONS; PROTON STABILITY; UNIFICATION; SPACE; SUPERSTRINGS; STRINGS AB We consider the possibility that the standard model Higgs fields may originate from extra components of higher dimensional gauge fields. Theories of this type considered before have had problems accommodating the standard model fermion content and Yukawa couplings different from the gauge coupling. Considering orbifolds based on Abelian discrete groups we are led to a 6 dimensional G(2) gauge theory compactified on T(2)/Z(4). This theory can naturally produce the SM Higgs fields with the right quantum numbers while predicting the value of the weak mixing angle sin(2)theta(W)=0.25 at the tree level, close to the experimentally observed one. The quartic scalar coupling for the Higgs boson is generated by the higher dimensional gauge interaction and predicts the existence of a light Higgs boson. We point out that one can write a quadratically divergent counterterm for Higgs boson mass localized to the orbifold fixed point. However, we calculate these operators and show that higher dimensional gauge interactions do not generate them at least at one loop. Fermions are introduced at orbifold fixed points, making it easy to accommodate the standard model fermion content. Yukawa interactions are generated by Wilson lines. They may be generated by the exchange of massive bulk fermions, and the fermion mass hierarchy can be obtained. Around a TeV, the first KK modes would appear as well as additional fermion modes localized at the fixed point needed to cancel the quadratic divergences from the Yukawa interactions. The cutoff scale of the theory could be a few times 10 TeV. C1 Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, CEA DSM SPhT, CNRS SPM URA 2306, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Csaki, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM csaki@mail.lns.cornell.edu; grojean@spht.saclay.cea.fr; murayama@hitoshi.berkeley.edu RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 74 TC 158 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 8 AR 085012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.085012 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675ZV UT WOS:000182728200079 ER PT J AU Frieman, JA Huterer, D Linder, EV Turner, MS AF Frieman, JA Huterer, D Linder, EV Turner, MS TI Probing dark energy with supernovae: Exploiting complementarity with the cosmic microwave background SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; IA SUPERNOVAE; GOLDSTONE BOSONS; POWER SPECTRUM; CONSTRAINTS; UNIVERSE; ANISOTROPIES; PARAMETERS; DENSITY AB A primary goal for cosmology and particle physics over the coming decade will be to unravel the nature of the dark energy that drives the accelerated expansion of the Universe. In particular, the determination of the equation-of-state of dark energy wequivalent top/rho and its time variation dw/dz will be critical for developing a theoretical understanding of the new physics behind this phenomenon. Type Ia supernovae (SNe) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy are each sensitive to the dark energy equation of state. SNe alone can determine w(z) with some precision, while CMB anisotropy alone cannot because of a strong degeneracy between the matter density Omega(M) and w. However, we show that the Planck CMB mission can significantly improve the power of a deep SNe survey to probe w and especially dw/dz. Because CMB constraints are nearly orthogonal to SNe constraints in the Omega(M)-w plane, for constraining w(z) Planck is more useful than precise determination of Omega(M). We discuss how the CMB/SNe complementarity impacts strategies for the redshift distribution of a supernova survey to determine w(z) and conclude that a well-designed sample should include a substantial number of supernovae out to redshifts zsimilar to2. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Ctr Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 51 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 8 AR 083505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.083505 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675ZV UT WOS:000182728200019 ER PT J AU Hill, CT AF Hill, CT TI Fractal theory space: Spacetime of noninteger dimensionality SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EXTRA DIMENSIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; UNIFICATION AB We construct matter field theories in a "theory space" that is fractal, and invariant under geometrical renormalization group (RG) transformations. We treat in detail complex scalars, and discuss issues related to fermions, chirality, and Yang-Mills gauge fields. In the continuum limit these models describe physics in a noninteger spatial dimension which appears above a RG invariant "compactification scale" M. The energy distribution of KK modes above M is controlled by an exponent in a scaling relation of the vacuum energy (Coleman-Weinberg potential), and corresponds to the dimensionality. For truncated-s-simplex lattices with coordination number s the spacetime dimensionality is 1+[3+2 ln(s)/ln(s+2)]. The computations in theory space involve subtleties, owing to the 1+3 kinetic terms, yet the resulting dimensionalites are equivalent to thermal spin systems. Physical implications are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hill, CT (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 8 AR 085004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.085004 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 675ZV UT WOS:000182728200071 ER PT J AU Linder, EV Huterer, D AF Linder, EV Huterer, D TI Importance of supernovae at z > 1.5 to probe dark energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID IA SUPERNOVAE; UNIVERSE; QUINTESSENCE; STATE AB The accelerating expansion of the universe suggests that an unknown component with strongly negative pressure, called dark energy, currently dominates the dynamics of the universe. Such a component makes up similar to70% of the energy density of the universe yet has not been predicted by the standard model of particle physics. The best method for exploring the nature of this dark energy is to map the recent expansion history, at which type Ia supernovae have proved adept. We examine here the depth of survey necessary to provide a precise and qualitatively complete description of dark energy. A realistic analysis of parameter degeneracies, allowance for natural time variation of the dark energy equation of state, and systematic errors in astrophysical observations all demonstrate the importance of a survey covering the full range 0 S-n transition of Xans (530-580 nm) were found to be significantly different under the quenched and unquenched conditions, corresponding to maximum and no NPQ, respectively. The lifetime and the spectral characteristics indicate that the kinetic difference originated from the involvement of the S-1 state of a specific Xan, zeaxanthin, in the quenched case. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ma, Yingzhong/L-6261-2016 OI Ma, Yingzhong/0000-0002-8154-1006 NR 40 TC 126 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 26 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 8 BP 4377 EP 4382 DI 10.1073/pnas.0736959100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 668RC UT WOS:000182306100009 PM 12676997 ER PT J AU Lee, SJE Hori, Y Chakraborty, AK AF Lee, SJE Hori, Y Chakraborty, AK TI Low T cell receptor expression and thermal fluctuations contribute to formation of dynamic multifocal synapses in thymocytes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE; IN-VIVO; PATTERN-FORMATION; ACTIVATION; SELECTION; PEPTIDE; CD4; COSTIMULATION; RECOGNITION; ENGAGEMENT AB Mature T cell activation and selection of immature T cells (thymocytes) are both initiated by binding of T cell receptor (TCR) molecules on the surface of T cells to MHC peptide (MHCp) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Recent experiments have shown that the spatial pattern of receptors and ligands in the intercellular junction (synapse) is different during thymocyte selection compared with mature T cell activation. Using a statistical mechanical model, we show that lower TCR expression in thymocytes contributes to effecting these differences. An analogy with the phase behavior of simple fluids helps clarify how, for low TCR expression, thermal fluctuations lead to the dynamic synapse patterns observed for thymocytes. We suggest that a different synapse pattern resulting from lower TCR expression, which could mediate differential signaling, may be the reason why TCR expression level is low in thymocytes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chakraborty, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 8 BP 4383 EP 4388 DI 10.1073/pnas.0630563100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 668RC UT WOS:000182306100010 PM 12671067 ER PT J AU Simpson, ML Cox, CD Sayler, GS AF Simpson, ML Cox, CD Sayler, GS TI Frequency domain analysis of noise in autoregulated gene circuits SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REGULATORY NETWORKS; EXPRESSION; SIMULATION; CELL AB We describe a frequency domain technique for the analysis of intrinsic noise within negatively autoregulated gene circuits. This approach is based on the transfer function around the feedback loop (loop transmission) and the equivalent noise bandwidth of the system. The loop transmission, T, is shown to be a determining factor of the dynamics and the noise behavior of autoregulated gene circuits, and this T-based technique provides a simple and flexible method for the analysis of noise arising from any source within the gene circuit. We show that negative feedback not only reduces the variance of the noise in the protein concentration, but also shifts this noise to higher frequencies where it may have a negligible effect on the noise behavior of following gene circuits within a cascade. This predicted effect is demonstrated through the exact stochastic simulation of a two-gene cascade. The analysis elucidates important aspects of gene circuit structure that control functionality, and may provide some insights into selective pressures leading to this structure. The resulting analytical relationships have a simple form, making them especially useful as synthetic gene circuit design equations. With the exception of the linearization of Hill kinetics, this technique is general and may be applied to the analysis or design of networks of higher complexity. This utility is demonstrated through the exact stochastic simulation of an autoregulated two-gene cascade operating near instability. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Simpson, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, POB 2008,MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Cox, Chris/A-9451-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Cox, Chris/0000-0001-9818-5477 NR 23 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 8 BP 4551 EP 4556 DI 10.1073/pnas.0736140100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 668RC UT WOS:000182306100040 PM 12671069 ER PT J AU State, MW Greally, JM Cuker, A Bowers, PN Henegariu, O Morgan, TM Gunel, M DiLuna, M King, RA Nelson, C Donovan, A Anderson, GM Leckman, JF Hawkins, T Pauls, DL Lifton, RP Ward, DC AF State, MW Greally, JM Cuker, A Bowers, PN Henegariu, O Morgan, TM Gunel, M DiLuna, M King, RA Nelson, C Donovan, A Anderson, GM Leckman, JF Hawkins, T Pauls, DL Lifton, RP Ward, DC TI Epigenetic abnormalities associated with a chromosome 18(q21-q22) inversion and a Gilles de la Tourette syndrome phenotype SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LA-TOURETTE-SYNDROME; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; REPLICATION; FAMILY; GENE; BREAKPOINT; DNA; TRANSLOCATION; INACTIVATION AB Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a potentially debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder defined by the presence of both vocal and motor tics. Despite evidence that this and a related phenotypic spectrum, including chronic tics (CT) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), are genetically mediated, no gene involved in disease etiology has been identified. Chromosomal abnormalities have long been proposed to play a causative role in isolated cases of GTS spectrum phenomena, but confirmation of this hypothesis has yet to be forthcoming. We describe an i(18q21.1-q22.2) inversion in a patient with CT and OCD. We have fine mapped the telomeric aspect of the rearrangement to within 1 Mb of a previously reported 18q22 breakpoint that cosegregated in a family with GTS and related phenotypes. A comprehensive characterization of this genomic interval led to the identification of two transcripts, neither of which was found to be structurally disrupted. Analysis of the epigenetic characteristics of the region demonstrated a significant increase in replication asynchrony in the patient compared to controls, with the inverted chromosome showing delayed replication timing across at least a 500-kb interval. These findings are consistent with long-range functional dys-regulation of one or more genes in the region. Our data support a link between chromosomal aberrations and epigenetic mechanisms in GTS and suggest that the study of the functional consequences of balanced chromosomal rearrangements is warranted in patients with phenotypes of interest, irrespective of the findings regarding structurally disrupted transcripts. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Psychiat & Neurodev Genet Unit, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP State, MW (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RI Morgan, Tom/C-3478-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [K23 RR016118, RR16118]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD35497]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK02467, DK56768]; NIMH NIH HHS [P01 MH049351, MH18268, MH49351, T32 MH018268]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS43520, R01 NS043520] NR 30 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 15 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 8 BP 4684 EP 4689 DI 10.1073/pnas.0730775100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 668RC UT WOS:000182306100063 PM 12682296 ER PT J AU Chan, JW Huser, TR Risbud, SH Hayden, JS Krol, DM AF Chan, JW Huser, TR Risbud, SH Hayden, JS Krol, DM TI Waveguide fabrication in phosphate glasses using femtosecond laser pulses SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; INDUCED DAMAGE; FUSED-SILICA; EXPOSURE; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; DENSIFICATION; WRITTEN; RAMAN; NM AB We report on the response of glass to focused femtosecond (fs) laser pulses during waveguide fabrication in a commercial sodium aluminum phosphate glass (Schott IOG-1). Single-pass longitudinal translation of IOG-1 glass with respect to the focused laser beam at a rate of 20 mum/s and pulse energies of 3.5 muJ results in the formation of two waveguides located on opposite sides of the laser-exposed region, which itself does not guide light. This behavior is different from that of the more widely studied silica glass system. The precise location of the waveguides in IOG-1 glass depends on the relative tilt of the fs laser beam with respect to the sample translation direction. Fluorescence imaging of the modified glass using a confocal microscope setup reveals the formation of color center defects in the exposed region but not within the waveguides. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Schott Glass Technol Inc, Duryea, PA 18642 USA. RP Krol, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 20 TC 148 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 15 BP 2371 EP 2373 DI 10.1063/1.1565708 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 665DT UT WOS:000182104900001 ER PT J AU Li, YL Yasa, M Pelletier, O Safinya, CR Caine, E Hu, EE Fernandez, P AF Li, YL Yasa, M Pelletier, O Safinya, CR Caine, E Hu, EE Fernandez, P TI Metal layer Bragg-Fresnel lenses for diffraction focusing of hard x-rays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZONE-PLATES; FABRICATION; CONFINEMENT; OPTICS AB A thin-film Bragg-Fresnel lens (BFL) was developed for diffractive focusing of hard x-rays into submicron to nanometer spots for scanning x-ray spectromicroscopy. The lens is made of metal-layer Fresnel zones deposited on an x-ray reflective substrate. The use of a high-density lens structure reduces the thickness of the lens and simplifies the fabrication process. Linear and elliptical lenses made of a 200-nm-thick Au film were fabricated using e-beam lithography and a metal deposition process. The focusing capabilities of the Au layer BFLs were demonstrated at the Advanced Photon Source. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Natl Nanofabricat Users Network, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. OI Safinya, Cyrus/0000-0002-3295-7128 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 15 BP 2538 EP 2540 DI 10.1063/1.1567456 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 665DT UT WOS:000182104900057 ER PT J AU Asthagiri, D Pratt, LR AF Asthagiri, D Pratt, LR TI Quasi-chemical study of Be2+ (aq) speciation SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDRATION NUMBER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ION SOLVATION; LIQUID WATER; FREE-ENERGY; BERYLLIUM; DENSITY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; POTENTIALS AB Be2+ (aq) hydrolysis can to lead to the formation of multi-beryllium clusters, but the thermodynamics of this process has not been resolved theoretically. We study the hydration state of an isolated Be2+ ion using both the quasi-chemical theory of solutions and ab initio molecular dynamics. These studies confirm that Be2+ (aq) is tetra-hydrated. The quasi- chemical approach is then applied to then the deprotonation of Be(H2O)(4)(2+)to give BeOH(H2O)(3)(+). The calculated pK(a) of 3.8 is in good agreement with the experimentally suggested value around 3.5. The calculated energetics for the formation of [Be.OH.Be](3+) are then obtained in fair agreement with experiments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pratt, LR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/A-3383-2010; Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012; Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/P-9450-2016 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451; Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/0000-0001-5869-0807 NR 32 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 371 IS 5-6 BP 613 EP 619 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00227-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 665CZ UT WOS:000182103200016 ER PT J AU Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS Blinov, ML Redondo, A Wofsy, C Reischl, I Metzger, H Goldstein, B AF Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS Blinov, ML Redondo, A Wofsy, C Reischl, I Metzger, H Goldstein, B TI Mathematical modeling of early events in Fc epsilon RI-mediated signaling SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Chem & Mol Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. NIH, Arthritis & Rheumatism Branch, NIAMS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C15 EP C15 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367000073 ER PT J AU Grogan, JL Wang, ZE Stanley, S Harmon, B Loots, G Rubin, E Locksley, RM AF Grogan, JL Wang, ZE Stanley, S Harmon, B Loots, G Rubin, E Locksley, RM TI Basal chromatin modification at the interleukin 4 gene in CD4 cells but not CD8 or mast cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, HHMI, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C293 EP C293 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367001368 ER PT J AU Nie, H Rojas, IC Maika, S Kohwi-Shigematsu, T Gottlieb, PD AF Nie, H Rojas, IC Maika, S Kohwi-Shigematsu, T Gottlieb, PD TI A role for SATB1 in the development of CD8SP T cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 90th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Immunologists CY MAY 06-10, 2003 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP American Assoc Immunologists C1 Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 SU S BP C8 EP C8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 669TR UT WOS:000182367000040 ER PT J AU Gerken, JM Bennett, JG Smith, FW AF Gerken, JM Bennett, JG Smith, FW TI An algorithm to simulate surface creation without element deletion or remeshing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mini Symposium on Computational Failure Mechanics held in conjunction with the 6th US National Congress on Computational Mechanics CY AUG 01-04, 2001 CL DEARBORN, MI DE finite element; fracture simulation; element separation ID CRACK-GROWTH; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FRACTURE; PROPAGATION; MODELS AB One of the major obstacles to modelling discrete fracture and fragmentation of materials within the finite element (FE) framework is the inability to easily model the resulting geometry changes. This paper presents an algorithm for three-dimensional element cohesion and separation implemented in the explicit FE code DYNA3D. The algorithm handles mesh definition and solution difficulties necessary for general element separation with minimal additional effort required of the user. The algorithm modifies the standard mesh definition so that element separation does not require remeshing. The original continuity of the structure is maintained by averaging the nodal accelerations for each coincident node set then applying this average acceleration to each of the nodes in the set. When specified failure criteria for an interface are met, averaging is no longer performed, thereby allowing the coincident nodes to separate and create new surface. The new surface can be automatically incorporated in the contact definition so that the contact of these new surfaces is modelled using the same contact considerations of the original FE model. Following a discussion of historical and current FE fracture/fragmentation models, the general framework of the algorithm is presented. Also, results are presented which show that the algorithm simulates surface creation in a variety of simulations. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA EA, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gerken@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-5981 EI 1097-0207 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 56 IS 14 BP 1999 EP 2013 DI 10.1002/nme.652 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 665ND UT WOS:000182126400003 ER PT J AU Spencer, BW Shing, PB AF Spencer, BW Shing, PB TI Rigid-plastic interface for an embedded crack SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mini Symposium on Computational Failure Mechanics held in conjunction with the 6th US National Congress on Computational Mechanics CY AUG 01-04, 2001 CL DEARBORN, MI DE rigid-plastic; plasticity; finite-element; embedded crack; concrete fracture ID FINITE-ELEMENTS; DISCONTINUITIES; FRACTURE AB Discrete cracks have traditionally been modelled by zero-thickness interface elements. Such models usually assume that the relative displacements across the interface have both elastic and inelastic components. In such a case, the elastic stiffness assigned to the interface acts as a penalty parameter that must be high enough to ensure that the elastic deformations will be minimal. In recent years, solid finite-elements with embedded displacement discontinuities have emerged as an alternative way to model discrete cracks. A method that allows for an embedded crack element to use any plasticity-based constitutive model for the internal interface, but without penalty parameters, is presented in this paper. In this method, the elastic properties of the solid portion of the element are used to perform the function that the penalty parameters previously have been used to perform. The resulting interface model is perfectly rigid-plastic. Numerical comparisons show significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency over the penalty method. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Spencer, BW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bwspenc@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 56 IS 14 BP 2163 EP 2182 DI 10.1002/nme.658 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 665ND UT WOS:000182126400009 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Chow, CL Neilsen, MK Fang, HE AF Wei, Y Chow, CL Neilsen, MK Fang, HE TI Failure analysis of solder joints with a damage-coupled viscoplastic model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mini Symposium on Computational Failure Mechanics held in conjunction with the 6th US National Congress on Computational Mechanics CY AUG 01-04, 2001 CL DEARBORN, MICHIGAN DE damage; viscoplasticity; solder joint; finite element algorithm ID PLASTICITY AB This paper presents failure analysis of solder joints with a damage-coupled viscoplastic model. A material model is developed to characterize the elasticity, plasticity, creep and damage of solder. A semi-implicit time-integration approach is adopted for the numerical implementation of the solder model. This solder model has been implemented into finite element codes developed at Sandia National Laboratories and into the commercial, finite element code ABAQUS(TM) with its user-defined material subroutine UMAT. Finite element analyses are performed on solder joints with the new solder constitutive model and mesh dependency of these analyses is investigated. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, CL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 56 IS 14 BP 2199 EP 2211 DI 10.1002/nme.660 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 665ND UT WOS:000182126400011 ER PT J AU Agnew, SR Tome, CN Brown, DW Holden, TM Vogel, SC AF Agnew, SR Tome, CN Brown, DW Holden, TM Vogel, SC TI Study of slip mechanisms in a magnesium alloy by neutron diffraction and modeling SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE residual stress; internal strain; elasto-plastic self-consistent; dislocations; twinning ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; TEXTURE; ZIRCALOY-2; AL AB Internal strains within a polycrystalline magnesium alloy plate have been measured during tensile and compression testing in situ by neutron diffraction. Using an elasto-plastic self-consistent simulation code, information about the operation of slip and mechanical twinning modes as a function of strain has been obtained. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Tech Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Tome, CN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Tech Div, MST 8,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tome@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 16 TC 310 Z9 322 U1 1 U2 89 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD APR 14 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1003 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00591-2 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 658NA UT WOS:000181726000005 ER PT J AU McGillicuddy, DJ Anderson, LA Doney, SC Maltrud, ME AF McGillicuddy, DJ Anderson, LA Doney, SC Maltrud, ME TI Eddy-driven sources and sinks of nutrients in the upper ocean: Results from a 0.1 degrees resolution model of the North Atlantic SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Review DE new production; mesoscale processes; eddies; biogeochemical cycling; physical-biological interactions ID NORTHWESTERN MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TRACER ADVECTION SCHEMES; DEEP CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMUM; PRIMITIVE EQUATION MODEL; SUB-TROPICAL GYRE; SARGASSO SEA; MIXED-LAYER; PLANKTON DYNAMICS AB [1] A nitrate-based model of new production is incorporated into eddy-resolving (0.1degrees) simulations of the North Atlantic. The biological model consists of light and nutrient limited production within the euphotic zone and relaxation of the nitrate field to climatology below. Sensitivity of the solutions to the parameters of the biological model is assessed in a series of simulations. Model skill is quantitatively evaluated with observations using an objective error metric; simulated new production falls within the range of observed values at several sites throughout the basin. Results from the "best fit'' model are diagnosed in detail. Mean and eddying components of the nutrient fluxes are separated via Reynolds decomposition. In the subtropical gyre, eddy-driven vertical advection of nutrients is sufficient to overcome the mean wind-driven downwelling in the region and fuels a significant fraction of the annual new production in that area. In contrast, eddies constitute a net sink of nutrients in the subpolar gyre. Geostrophic adjustment to deep winter convection through mesoscale processes causes a net flux of nutrients out of the euphotic zone; the magnitude of this sink is sufficient to counterbalance the mean wind-driven upwelling of nutrients over much of the region. On the basis of these simulations it appears that the oceanic mesoscale has major impacts on nutrient supply to, and removal from, the euphotic zone. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGillicuddy, DJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Bigelow 209B-MS 11, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu; landerson@whoi.edu; sdoney@whoi.edu; maltrud@lanl.gov RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437 NR 114 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 AR 1035 DI 10.1029/2002GB001987 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 669JV UT WOS:000182348900001 ER PT J AU Lim, K Tempczyk, A Bonander, N Toedt, J Howard, A Eisenstein, E Herzberg, O AF Lim, K Tempczyk, A Bonander, N Toedt, J Howard, A Eisenstein, E Herzberg, O TI A catalytic mechanism for D-Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) deacylase based on the crystal structure of Hemophilus influenzae HI0670 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSFER-RNA; PROTEIN; RESOLUTION; METABOLISM; ALIGNMENT AB D-Tyr-tRNA(Tyr) deacylase is an editing enzyme that removes D-tyrosine and other D-amino acids from charged tRNAs, thereby preventing incorrect incorporation of D-amino acids into proteins. A model for the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme is proposed based on the crystal structure of the enzyme from Haemophilus influenzae determined at a 1.64-Angstrom resolution. Structural comparison of this dimeric enzyme with the very similar structure of the enzyme from Escherichia coli together with sequence analyses indicate that the active site is located in the dimer interface within a depression that includes an invariant threonine residue, Thr-80. The active site contains an oxyanion hole formed by the main chain nitrogen atoms of Thr-80 and Phe-79 and the side chain amide group of the invariant Gln-78. The Michaelis complex between the enzyme and D-Tyr-tRNA was modeled assuming a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of D-Tyr by the Thr-80 O-gamma atom and a role for the oxyanion hole in stabilizing the negatively charged tetrahedral transition states. The model is consistent with all of the available data on substrate specificity. Based on this model, we propose a substrate-assisted acylation/deacylation-catalytic mechanism in which the amino group of the D-Tyr is deprotonated and serves as the general base. C1 Univ Maryland, Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res In Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res In Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI ID, IMCACAT/D-5867-2014 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM57890, P01 GM057890] NR 26 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 15 BP 13496 EP 13502 DI 10.1074/jbc.M213150200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 666RD UT WOS:000182189500113 PM 12571243 ER PT J AU Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE Skoug, RM Smith, CW AF Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE Skoug, RM Smith, CW TI Delivery of cold, dense plasma sheet material into the near-Earth region SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma sheet; superdense; magnetospheric plasma sources ID SOLAR-WIND; RING-CURRENT; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; ION COMPOSITION; SPACECRAFT; TAIL AB [1] Observations from several satellites in geosynchronous orbit, combined with solar wind observations from the ACE spacecraft, demonstrate that cold, dense plasma sheet material can be delivered into the inner magnetosphere under two scenarios: (1) a sudden southward IMF preceded by an extended interval of northward field and (2) a very strong magnetospheric compression caused by a large increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure, also under conditions of northward IMF. Examination of 30 "superdense'' plasma sheet events observed during 15 months in 2001 and 2002 shows that these two mechanisms are probably responsible for the occurrence of most superdense events, if "northward IMF'' is generalized to "northward or very weak IMF B-z.'' Previous work has shown that a superdense plasma sheet contributes to a strong ring current and geomagnetic disturbance if it is accompanied by strong magnetospheric convection (which requires southward IMF). Hence this study suggests that the formation of a strong geomagnetic storm should be favored by an extended interval of strong southward IMF that is preceded by an earlier interval of northward field or very weak B-z, during which the plasma sheet fills with cool, dense plasma. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Thomsen, MF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A4 AR 1151 DI 10.1029/2002JA009544 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 669MY UT WOS:000182356100002 ER PT J AU Handler, G O'Donoghue, D Muller, M Solheim, JE Gonzalez-Perez, JM Johannessen, F Paparo, M Szeidl, B Viraghalmy, G Silvotti, R Vauclair, G Dolez, N Pallier, E Chevreton, M Kurtz, DW Bromage, GE Cunha, MS Ostensen, R Fraga, L Kanaan, A Amorim, A Giovannini, O Kepler, SO da Costa, AFM Anderson, RF Wood, MA Silvestri, N Klumpe, EW Carlton, RF Miller, RH McFarland, JP Grauer, AD Kawaler, SD Riddle, RL Reed, MD Nather, RE Winget, DE Hill, JA Metcalfe, TS Mukadam, AS Kilic, M Watson, TK Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Guzik, JA Bradley, PA Sekiguchi, K Sullivan, DJ Sullivan, T Shobbrook, RR Jiang, X Birch, PV Ashoka, BN Seetha, S Girish, V Joshi, S Dorokhova, TN Dorokhov, NI Akan, MC Meistas, EG Janulis, R Kalytis, R Alisauskas, D Anguma, SK Kalebwe, PC Moskalik, P Ogloza, W Stachowski, G Pajdosz, G Zola, S AF Handler, G O'Donoghue, D Muller, M Solheim, JE Gonzalez-Perez, JM Johannessen, F Paparo, M Szeidl, B Viraghalmy, G Silvotti, R Vauclair, G Dolez, N Pallier, E Chevreton, M Kurtz, DW Bromage, GE Cunha, MS Ostensen, R Fraga, L Kanaan, A Amorim, A Giovannini, O Kepler, SO da Costa, AFM Anderson, RF Wood, MA Silvestri, N Klumpe, EW Carlton, RF Miller, RH McFarland, JP Grauer, AD Kawaler, SD Riddle, RL Reed, MD Nather, RE Winget, DE Hill, JA Metcalfe, TS Mukadam, AS Kilic, M Watson, TK Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Guzik, JA Bradley, PA Sekiguchi, K Sullivan, DJ Sullivan, T Shobbrook, RR Jiang, X Birch, PV Ashoka, BN Seetha, S Girish, V Joshi, S Dorokhova, TN Dorokhov, NI Akan, MC Meistas, EG Janulis, R Kalytis, R Alisauskas, D Anguma, SK Kalebwe, PC Moskalik, P Ogloza, W Stachowski, G Pajdosz, G Zola, S TI Amplitude and frequency variability of the pulsating DB white dwarf stars KUV 05134+2605 and PG 1654+160 observed with the Whole Earth Telescope SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : individual : KUV 05134+2605; stars : individual : PG 1654+160; stars : oscillations; stars : variables : other ID XX-PYX; MODES; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; DISCOVERY AB We have acquired new time series photometry of the two pulsating DB white dwarf stars KUV 05134+2605 and PG 1654+160 with the Whole Earth Telescope. Additional single-site photometry is also presented. We use all these data plus all available archival measurements to study the temporal behaviour of the pulsational amplitudes and frequencies of these stars for the first time. We demonstrate that both KUV 05134+2605 and PG 1654+160 pulsate in many modes, the amplitudes of which are variable in time; some frequency variability of PG 1654+160 is also indicated. Beating of multiple pulsation modes cannot explain our observations; the amplitude variability must therefore be intrinsic. We cannot find stable modes to be used for determinations of the evolutionary period changes of the stars. Some of the modes of PG 1654+160 appear at the same periods whenever detected. The mean spacing of these periods (approximate to40 s) suggests that they are probably caused by non-radial gravity-mode pulsations of spherical degree l = 1. If so, PG 1654+160 has a mass around 0.6 M.. The time-scales of the amplitude variability of both stars (down to two weeks) are consistent with theoretical predictions of resonant mode coupling, a conclusion which might however be affected by the temporal distribution of our data. C1 S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Cape Town, Dept Astron, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. Univ Tromso, Inst Matemat Realfag, N-9000 Tromso, Norway. Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Osserv Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, UMR5572, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. Inst Super Maia, P-4470 Castelo Da Maia, Portugal. Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, Santa Cruz De La Palma 37800, Canary Isl, Spain. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Fis, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Univ Caixas do Sul, Dept Quim & Fis, BR-95001970 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-15051 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Florida Inst Technol, SARA Observ, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Southwestern Univ, Informat Technol Serv Dept, Georgetown, TX 78626 USA. Apache Pt Observ, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Joint Inst Opt Astron, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Perth Observ, Bickley, WA 6076, Australia. Indian Space Res Org, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. Uttar Pradesh State Observ, Naini Tal 263129, India. Odessa II Mechnikov State Univ, Astron Observ, UA-270014 Odessa, Ukraine. Ege Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Astron & Space Sci, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius State Univ, Astron Observ, LT-2009 Vilnius, Lithuania. Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Mbarara, Uganda. Univ Zambia, Dept Phys, Lusaka, Zambia. Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Krakow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. RP Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. EM handler@astro.univie.ac.at RI Metcalfe, Travis/A-9388-2008; Kepler, S. O. /H-5901-2012; Fraga, Luciano/K-9075-2013; de Amorim, Andre/H-5143-2016; OI Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416; Kawaler, Steven/0000-0002-6536-6367; Kepler, S. O. /0000-0002-7470-5703; Silvotti, Roberto/0000-0002-1295-8174; Cunha, Margarida/0000-0001-8237-7343; Stachowski, Greg/0000-0003-1560-1039 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 340 IS 3 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06373.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 664AN UT WOS:000182039700036 ER PT J AU Steiner, H AF Steiner, H TI Thomas Ypsilantis - The early years SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Steiner, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)02148-4 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 679MH UT WOS:000182925900002 ER PT J AU Jackson, HE AF Jackson, HE TI The HERMES dual-radiator RICH detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2002) CY JUN 05-10, 2002 CL PYLOS, GREECE DE ring imaging Cherenkov counter; particle identification; HERMES spectrometer ID IMAGING CHERENKOV COUNTERS; SILICA AEROGELS AB The HERMES experiment emphasizes measurements of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. Most of the hadrons produced lie between 2 and 10 GeV, a region in which it had not previously been feasible to separate pions, kaons, and protons with standard particle identification (PID) techniques. The recent development of new clear, large, homogeneous and hydrophobic silica aerogel material with a low index of refraction offered the means to apply RICH PID techniques to this difficult momentum region. The HERMES instrument uses two radiators, C4F10, a heavy fluorocarbon gas, and a wall of silica aerogel tiles. A lightweight spherical mirror constructed using a newly perfected technique to make resin-coated carbon-fiber surfaces of optical quality provides optical focusing on a photon detector consisting of 1934 photomultiplier tubes (PMT) for each detector half. The PMT array is held in a soft steel matrix to provide shielding against the residual field of the main spectrometer magnet. Ring reconstruction is accomplished with pattern recognition techniques based on a combination of inverse and direct ray tracing. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jackson, HE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)02154-X PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 679MH UT WOS:000182925900008 ER PT J AU Engelfried, J Cooper, PS Morelos, A Torres, I AF Engelfried, J Cooper, PS Morelos, A Torres, I TI Two RICH detectors as velocity spectrometers in the CKM experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2002) CY JUN 05-10, 2002 CL PYLOS, GREECE DE RICH detector; phototubes; rare kaon decay; CKM matrix ID DECAY K+->PI(+)NU(NU)OVER-BAR AB We present the design of two velocity spectrometers, to be used in the recently approved CKM experiment. CKM's main goal is the measurement of the branching ratio of K+ --> pi(+)v (v) over bar with a precision of 10%, via decays in flight of the K+, The design of both RICH detectors is based on the SELEX Phototube RICH. We will discuss the design and the expected performance based on studies with SELEX data and Monte Carlo simulations. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Engelfried, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)02159-9 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 679MH UT WOS:000182925900013 ER PT J AU Schwiening, J AF Schwiening, J TI The DIRC detector at the SLAC B-factory PEP-II: operational experience and performance for physics application SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2002) CY JUN 05-10, 2002 CL PYLOS, GREECE DE Cherenkov detector; particle identification system; BABAR experiment; B meson decays ID CHERENKOV DETECTOR; BABAR; FIELD AB The DIRC, a novel type of Cherenkov ring imaging device, is the primary hadronic particle identification system for the BABAR detector at the asymmetric B-factory, PEP-II at SLAC. It is based on total internal reflection and uses long, rectangular bars made from synthetic fused silica as Cherenkov radiators and light guides. BABAR began taking data with colliding beams in late spring 1999. This paper describes the performance of the DIRC during the first 2.5 years of operation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Schwiening, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. OI Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)02160-5 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 679MH UT WOS:000182925900014 ER PT J AU Garibaldi, F Cisbani, E Colilli, S Cusanno, F Frullani, S Fratoni, R Giuliani, F Gricia, M Iodice, M Lucentini, M Pierangeli, L Santavenere, F Urciuoli, GM Veneroni, P De Cataldo, G De Leo, R Lagamba, L Nappi, E Paticchio, V LeRose, J Kross, B Reitz, B Segal, J Zorn, C Breuer, H AF Garibaldi, F Cisbani, E Colilli, S Cusanno, F Frullani, S Fratoni, R Giuliani, F Gricia, M Iodice, M Lucentini, M Pierangeli, L Santavenere, F Urciuoli, GM Veneroni, P De Cataldo, G De Leo, R Lagamba, L Nappi, E Paticchio, V LeRose, J Kross, B Reitz, B Segal, J Zorn, C Breuer, H TI A proximity focusing RICH detector for kaon physics at Jefferson lab hall A SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2002) CY JUN 05-10, 2002 CL PYLOS, GREECE DE particle identification; detectors; RICH; strangeness; Cherenkov AB Important information on the AN interaction can be obtained from High Resolution Hypenuclear Spectroscopy experiments with electromagnetic probes. A challenging experiment on electroproduction of hypernuclei is scheduled for 2003 in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. One of the challenges is the high performance particle identification system needed. The signal is expected to be rare compared to the very high pion and proton backgrounds due to the small electron and kaon detection angles. The "standard" Hall A PID apparatus (TOF and two aerogel threshold Cherenkov detectors) does not provide sufficient suppression of the background. Simulations and calculations have shown that a RICH detector would solve the problem. A proximity focusing fluorocarbon/CsI detector similar to the ALICE RICH detector has been designed, built, tested and commissioned. The results show that the detector performs as expected. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. INFM Roma I gr Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Garibaldi, F (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RI Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812; Paticchio, Vincenzo/0000-0002-2916-1671 NR 5 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)02166-6 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 679MH UT WOS:000182925900020 ER PT J AU Va'vra, J AF Va'vra, J TI Novel photon detectors for RICH applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2002) CY JUN 05-10, 2002 CL PYLOS, GREECE DE photodetectors; Cherenkov detectors; RICH ID GASEOUS DETECTOR; ION FEEDBACK; PHOTOMULTIPLIER; GEM; SCINTILLATION; PERFORMANCE; MICROMEGAS; TUBES; AREA AB The paper describes recent developments in Photon Detectors useful for the Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) applications. We discuss the Multi-anode PMTs, Hybrid Photodiodes (HPDs) with PIN and Avalanche Photodiode (APD) readout, APDs working in a Geiger mode, and the gaseous multi-pattern detectors. The paper emphasizes their timing properties. We give equal chance to fragile, not yet entirely proven ideas. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM jv@slac.stanford.edu NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 1 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0168-9902(03)00270-5 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 679MH UT WOS:000182925900031 ER PT J AU Aidala, C Azmoun, B Fraenkel, Z Hemmick, T Khachaturov, B Kozlov, A Milov, A Ravinovich, I Tserruya, I Stoll, S Woody, C Zhou, S AF Aidala, C Azmoun, B Fraenkel, Z Hemmick, T Khachaturov, B Kozlov, A Milov, A Ravinovich, I Tserruya, I Stoll, S Woody, C Zhou, S TI A Hadron Blind Detector for PHENIX SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2002) CY JUN 05-10, 2002 CL PYLOS, GREECE DE particle detection; Hadron Blind Detector; gas electron multipliers; CsI photocathode; CF4 ID AMPLIFICATION; GEM; CF4 AB A Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) is proposed as upgrade of the PHENIX detector at RHIC, BNL. The HBD will allow the measurement of low-mass e(+)e(-) pairs from the decay of the light vector mesons rho,omega,phi and the low-mass continuum- in Au-Au collisions at rootS(NN) = 200 GeV. From general considerations, the HBD has to identify electrons with a high efficiency (> 90%) and with a double hit resolution better than 90%, it must have a pion rejection factor of at least 200 and a radiation budget of the order of 1% of a radiation length. The choice that emerges is a windowless Cherenkov detector, operated with a CF4 based gas mixture in a special proximity focus configuration with a CsI cathode evaporated on GEMs. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Rehovot, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. RP Kozlov, A (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Rehovot, Israel. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 1 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00274-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 679MH UT WOS:000182925900035 ER PT J AU Ratcliff, BN AF Ratcliff, BN TI Imaging rings in Ring Imaging Cherenkov counters SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2002) CY JUN 05-10, 2002 CL PYLOS, GREECE DE RICH; DIRC; PID; Cherenkov counters; ring imaging; particle identification ID RICH DETECTORS AB The general concepts used to form images in Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) counters are described and their performance properties compared. Particular attention is paid to issues associated with imaging in the time dimension, especially in Detectors of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Ratcliff, BN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 16 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 1 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00276-6 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 679MH UT WOS:000182925900037 ER PT J AU Engelfried, J Filimonov, IS Kilmer, J Kozhevnikov, AP Kubarovsky, VP Molchanov, VV Nemitkin, A Ramberg, E Rud, VI Stutte, L AF Engelfried, J Filimonov, IS Kilmer, J Kozhevnikov, AP Kubarovsky, VP Molchanov, VV Nemitkin, A Ramberg, E Rud, VI Stutte, L TI SELEX RICH performance and physics results SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2002) CY JUN 05-10, 2002 CL PYLOS, GREECE DE RICH detector; phototubes; charmed baryons ID 600 GEV/C; DETECTOR; SIGMA(-); SCATTERING; PI(-) AB SELEX took data in the 1996/1997 Fixed Target Run at Fermilab. The excellent performance parameters of the SELEX RICH Detector had direct influence on the quality of the obtained physics results. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi 78240, Mexico. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Engelfried, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, Inst Fis, Manuel Nava 6,Zona Univ, San Luis Potosi 78240, Mexico. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 502 IS 1 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00289-4 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 679MH UT WOS:000182925900050 ER PT J AU Mitchell, TE Anderson, PM Baskes, MI Chen, SP Hoagland, RG Misra, A AF Mitchell, TE Anderson, PM Baskes, MI Chen, SP Hoagland, RG Misra, A TI Nucleation of kink pairs on partial dislocations: a new model for solution hardening and softening SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MOSI2 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DISSOCIATED DISLOCATIONS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; SPINEL; FE3AL AB Nucleation and motion of kink pairs on partial dislocations are examined by elasticity theory for materials with a high Peierls stress. Two approaches are used: one considers the change in average stacking-fault energy (SFE) due to alloying elements and the other considers the change in local SFE due to a nearby solute atom. Both approaches highlight the role of SFE on kink nucleation, propagation and annihilation and both furnish strain rate as a function of stress, temperature and SFE. Model predictions are compared with yield stress data for two systems: firstly, an intermetallic, MOSi2, which softens for alloying elements (V, Nb, Cr and Al) that decrease the SFE and hardens for Re additions that increase the SFE; secondly, a ceramic oxide, MgO-Al2O3 spinel, which softens with increasing addition of excess alumina and at the same time exhibits a decrease in SFE. The average SFE approach agrees qualitatively with the data while quantitative agreement is obtained with the local SFE approach. The possibility is considered that the model applies to other materials, such as TiAl, HfV2 and Fe3Al, which show softening with certain alloying additions. One requirement is that the dislocations are dissociated more than a few atomic distances;, otherwise kink nucleation occurs on the perfect dislocation (or simultaneously on both partials). Hence the model does not apply to materials such as bee metals which only have a core dissociation. Normal hardening effects of solutes from size and modulus misfits are additive with any softening effects from a decrease in SFE and so may mask the latter, as occurs for W additions to MoSi2. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mitchell, TE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Anderson, Peter/J-8315-2014 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1329 EP 1346 DI 10.1080/0141861021000064196 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 660TZ UT WOS:000181850800003 ER PT J AU Eschrig, M Norman, MR AF Eschrig, M Norman, MR TI Effect of the magnetic resonance on the electronic spectra of high-T(c) superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; HIGH-T(C) SUPERCONDUCTORS; UNDERDOPED YBA2CU3O6+X; EXCITATION SPECTRUM; SPIN SUSCEPTIBILITY AB We explain recent experimental results on the superconducting state spectral function as obtained by angle resolved photoemission, as well as by tunneling, in high-T(c) cuprates. In our model, electrons are coupled to the resonant spin-fluctuation mode observed in inelastic neutron-scattering experiments, as well as to a gapped continuum. We show that, although the weight of the resonance is small, its effect on the electron self-energy is large, and can explain various dispersion anomalies seen in the data. In agreement with the experiment, we find that these effects are a strong function of doping. We contrast our results to those expected for electrons coupled to phonons. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Eschrig, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Eschrig, Matthias/B-4786-2009; Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 92 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 14 AR 144503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.144503 PG 23 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 675WA UT WOS:000182718400060 ER PT J AU Fritsch, V Deisenhofer, J Fichtl, R Hemberger, J von Nidda, HAK Mucksch, M Nicklas, M Samusi, D Thompson, JD Tidecks, R Tsurkan, V Loidl, A AF Fritsch, V Deisenhofer, J Fichtl, R Hemberger, J von Nidda, HAK Mucksch, M Nicklas, M Samusi, D Thompson, JD Tidecks, R Tsurkan, V Loidl, A TI Anisotropic colossal magnetoresistance effects in Fe1-xCuxCr2S4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERRIMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR FECR2S4; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT; LA1-XSRXMNO3; TRANSITION; PRESSURE; CUIR2S4; SPINELS; CR AB A detailed study of the electronic transport and magnetic properties of Fe1-xCuxCr2S4 (xless than or equal to0.5) on single crystals is presented. The resistivity is investigated for 2less than or equal toTless than or equal to300 K in magnetic fields up to 140 kOe and under hydrostatic pressure up to 16 kbar. In addition magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements were performed. FMR and magnetization data reveal a pronounced magnetic anisotropy, which develops below the Curie temperature, T-C, and increases strongly towards lower temperatures. Increasing the Cu concentration reduces this effect. At temperatures below 35 K the magnetoresistance, MR=[rho(0)-rho(H)]/rho(0), exhibits a strong dependence on the direction of the magnetic field, probably due to an enhanced anisotropy. Applying the field along the hard axis leads to a change of sign and a strong increase in the absolute value of the magnetoresistance. On the other hand the magnetoresistance remains positive down to lower temperatures, exhibiting a smeared out maximum with the magnetic field applied along the easy axis. The results are discussed in the ionic picture using a triple-exchange model for electron hopping as well as a half metal utilizing a band picture. C1 Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Moldavian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Kishinev 2028, Moldova. RP Fritsch, V (reprint author), Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. RI Deisenhofer, Joachim/G-8937-2011; Nicklas, Michael/B-6344-2008; Loidl, Alois/L-8199-2015; Fritsch, Veronika/P-1352-2016 OI Deisenhofer, Joachim/0000-0002-7645-9390; Nicklas, Michael/0000-0001-6272-2162; Loidl, Alois/0000-0002-5579-0746; Fritsch, Veronika/0000-0002-6620-4554 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 14 AR 144419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.144419 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 675WA UT WOS:000182718400049 ER PT J AU Haslinger, R Chubukov, AV AF Haslinger, R Chubukov, AV TI Condensation energy in strongly coupled superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC SPECIFIC-HEAT AB We consider the condensation energy E-c in superconductors where the pairing is electronic in origin and is mediated by a collective bosonic mode. We use magnetically mediated superconductivity as an example, and show that for spin-fermion couplings lambdasimilar to1, the physics is qualitatively different from the BCS theory as the condensation energy results predominantly from the feedback on spin excitations. The same feedback effect accounts for the gain of the the kinetic energy at strong couplings due to an "undressing" feedback on the fermions. We show that E-c decreases at lambdagreater than or equal to2 and argue that this implies that coherent superconductivity gradually yields to the pseudogap. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 14 AR 140504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.140504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 675WA UT WOS:000182718400013 ER PT J AU Katsnelson, MI Antropov, VP AF Katsnelson, MI Antropov, VP TI Spin angular gradient approximation in the density functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; DYNAMICS; MOLECULES; FORMALISM; MAGNETS AB A spin angular gradient approximation for the exchange correlation magnetic field in the density functional formalism is proposed. The usage of such corrections leads to a consistent spin dynamical approach beyond the local approximation. The proposed technique can be used in modern full potential band-structure methods. Contributions of spin angular gradient corrections to the spin stiffness constant of Fe and Ni are calculated. The obtained results indicate that the direct "potential" exchange in 3d magnets is rather small compared to the indirect "kinetic" exchange and thus justifies the dynamical aspect of the local density approximation in 3d metals. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Katsnelson, MI (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 14 AR 140406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.140406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 675WA UT WOS:000182718400009 ER PT J AU Klie, RF Su, HB Zhu, YM Davenport, JW Idrobo, JC Browning, ND Nellist, PD AF Klie, RF Su, HB Zhu, YM Davenport, JW Idrobo, JC Browning, ND Nellist, PD TI Measuring the hole-state anisotropy in MgB2 by electron energy-loss spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; OF-STATES; K EDGE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BORON; SYMMETRY; TIB2 AB We have examined polycrystalline MgB2 by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and density of states calculations. In particular, we have studied two different crystal orientations, [110] and [001], with respect to the incident electron beam direction, and found significant changes in the near-edge fine structure of the B K-edge. Density-functional theory suggests that the pre-peak of the B K-edge core loss is composed of a mixture of p(xy)- and p(z)-hole states and we will show that these contributions can be distinguished only with an experimental energy resolution better than 0.5 eV. For conventional transmission electron microscope/scanning transmission electron microscope instruments with an energy resolution of similar to1.0 eV the pre-peak still contains valuable information about the local charge-carrier concentration that can be probed by core-loss EELS. By considering the scattering momentum transfer for different crystal orientations, it is possible to analytically separate p(xy) and p(z) components from the experimental spectra. With careful experiments and analysis, EELS can be a unique tool measuring the superconducting properties of MgB2, doped with various elements for improved transport properties on a subnanometer scale. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Nion Co, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. RP Klie, RF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015; OI Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034; Su, Haibin/0000-0001-9760-6567 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 14 AR 144508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.144508 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 675WA UT WOS:000182718400065 ER PT J AU Vogt, T Hriljac, JA Hyatt, NC Woodward, P AF Vogt, T Hriljac, JA Hyatt, NC Woodward, P TI Pressure-induced intermediate-to-low spin state transition in LaCoO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PHASE-TRANSITION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PEROVSKITE; COLLAPSE; MGSIO3; GPA AB Synchrotron x-ray powder-diffraction experiments reveal that the transition from a magnetic intermediate spin (IS) state t(2g)(5)e(g)(1) to a nonmagnetic low-spin ground state t(2g)(6) in LaCoO3 normally observed when cooling manifests itself under pressure by an anomalously low bulk modulus of 150(2) GPa and an initially very large Co-O bond compressibility of 4.8x10(-3) GPa(-1) which levels off near 4 GPa. The continuous depopulation of the IS state is driven by an increased crystal-field splitting resulting in an effective reduction of the size of the Co3+ cation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Vogt, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tvogt@bnl.gov RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 31 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 67 IS 14 AR 140401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.140401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 675WA UT WOS:000182718400004 ER PT J AU Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akimoto, H Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barklow, TL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Berger, R Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Calcaterra, A Cassell, R Chou, A Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cook, V Cowan, RF Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M de Groot, N de Sangro, R Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Erofeeva, I Eschenburg, V Fahey, S Falciai, D Fernandez, JP Flood, K Frey, R Hart, EL Hasuko, K Hertzbach, SS Huffer, ME Huynh, X Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Kofler, RR Kroeger, RS Langston, M Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, C Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T McKemey, AK Messner, R Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nesom, G Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Ratcliff, BN Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Shapiro, G Sinev, NB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, H Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Usher, T Va'vra, J Verdier, R Wagner, DL Waite, AP Walston, S Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Wright, TR Yamamoto, RK Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H AF Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akimoto, H Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barklow, TL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Berger, R Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Calcaterra, A Cassell, R Chou, A Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cook, V Cowan, RF Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M de Groot, N de Sangro, R Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Erofeeva, I Eschenburg, V Fahey, S Falciai, D Fernandez, JP Flood, K Frey, R Hart, EL Hasuko, K Hertzbach, SS Huffer, ME Huynh, X Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Kofler, RR Kroeger, RS Langston, M Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, C Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T McKemey, AK Messner, R Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nesom, G Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Ratcliff, BN Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Shapiro, G Sinev, NB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, H Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Usher, T Va'vra, J Verdier, R Wagner, DL Waite, AP Walston, S Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Wright, TR Yamamoto, RK Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H CA SLD Collaboration TI Improved direct measurement of the parity-violation parameter A(b) using a mass tag and momentum-weighted track charge SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY; CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY; HADRONIC Z(0) DECAYS; QUARK PAIRS; B(B)OVER-BAR; GLUONS; EVENTS; JETS AB We present an improved direct measurement of the parity-violation parameter A(b) in the Z boson-b-quark coupling using a self-calibrating track-charge technique applied to a sample enriched in Z --> b (b) over bar events via the topological reconstruction of the B hadron mass. Manipulation of the Stanford Linear Collider electron-beam polarization permits the measurement of A(b) to be made independently of other Z-pole coupling parameters. From the 1996-1998 sample of 400 000 hadronic Z decays, produced with an average beam polarization of 73.4%, we find A(b) = 0.906 +/- 0.022(stat) +/- 0.023(syst). C1 Aomori Univ, Aomori 030, Japan. Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Soongsil Univ, Seoul 156743, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Abe, K (reprint author), Aomori Univ, Aomori 030, Japan. RI de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-5992-1221 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 141804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.141804 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100011 PM 12731908 ER PT J AU Alavi-Harati, A Alexopoulos, T Arenton, M Arisaka, K Barbosa, RF Barker, AR Barrio, M Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Blucher, E Bock, GJ Bown, C Bright, S Cheu, E Coleman, R Corcoran, MD Cox, B Erwin, AR Escobar, CO Ford, R Glazov, A Golossanov, A Gouffon, P Graham, J Hamm, J Hanagaki, K Hsiung, YB Huang, H Jejer, V Jensen, DA Kessler, R Kobrak, HGE Kotera, K LaDue, J Lai, N Ledovskoy, A McBride, PL Monnier, E Nelson, KS Nguyen, H Prasad, V Qi, XR Quinn, B Ramberg, EJ Ray, RE Santos, E Senyo, K Shanahan, P Shields, J Slater, W Solomey, N Swallow, EC Taegar, SA Tesarek, RJ Toale, PA Tripathi, A Tschirhart, R Wah, YW Wang, J White, HB Whitmore, J Wilking, M Winstein, B Winston, R Worcester, ET Yamanaka, T Zukanovich, RF AF Alavi-Harati, A Alexopoulos, T Arenton, M Arisaka, K Barbosa, RF Barker, AR Barrio, M Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Blucher, E Bock, GJ Bown, C Bright, S Cheu, E Coleman, R Corcoran, MD Cox, B Erwin, AR Escobar, CO Ford, R Glazov, A Golossanov, A Gouffon, P Graham, J Hamm, J Hanagaki, K Hsiung, YB Huang, H Jejer, V Jensen, DA Kessler, R Kobrak, HGE Kotera, K LaDue, J Lai, N Ledovskoy, A McBride, PL Monnier, E Nelson, KS Nguyen, H Prasad, V Qi, XR Quinn, B Ramberg, EJ Ray, RE Santos, E Senyo, K Shanahan, P Shields, J Slater, W Solomey, N Swallow, EC Taegar, SA Tesarek, RJ Toale, PA Tripathi, A Tschirhart, R Wah, YW Wang, J White, HB Whitmore, J Wilking, M Winstein, B Winston, R Worcester, ET Yamanaka, T Zukanovich, RF CA KTeV Collaboration TI Measurements of the decay K-L -> e(+)e(-)mu(+)mu(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID K-L; BRANCHING RATIO; FORM-FACTORS AB The KTeV experiment at Fermilab has isolated a total of 132 events from the rare decay K-L --> e(+)e(-)mu(+)mu(-) , with an estimated background of 0.8 events. The branching ratio of this mode is determined to be [2.69 +/- 0.24(stat) +/- 0.12(syst)] x 10(-9), with a radiative cutoff of M-eemumu (2)/M-K(2) > 0.95. The first measurement using this mode of the parameter alpha from the D'Ambrosio-Isidori-Portoles (DIP) model of the K(L)gamma*gamma* vertex yields a result of -1.59 +/- 0.37, consistent with values obtained from other decay modes. Because of the limited statistics, no sensitivity is found to the DIP parameter beta. We use this decay mode to set limits on CP and lepton violation. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Elmhurst Coll, Elmhurst, IL 60126 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Osaka Univ, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Virginia, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CNRS, CPP, Marseille, France. RP Hamm, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/K-5313-2016; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/0000-0002-2818-8813; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 141801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.141801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100008 PM 12731905 ER PT J AU Bourges, P Sidis, Y Braden, M Nakajima, K Tranquada, JM AF Bourges, P Sidis, Y Braden, M Nakajima, K Tranquada, JM TI High-energy spin dynamics in La1.69Sr0.31NiO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORDERED STRIPE PHASE; CHARGE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUCTUATIONS; EXCITATIONS AB To test the prediction that the dispersion of the magnetic resonance in superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x is similar to magnons in an incommensurate antiferromagnet, we have mapped out the spin dynamics in a stripe-ordered nickelate, La2-xSrxNiO4, with x similar or equal to 0.31, using inelastic neutron scattering. We observe spin-wave excitations up to 80 meV emerging from the incommensurate magnetic peaks with a surprisingly large and almost isotropic spin velocity: (h) over barc(s)similar to0.32 eV Angstrom. A comparison indicates that the inferred spin-excitation spectrum is not, by itself, an adequate model for the magnetic resonance feature of the superconductor. C1 Ctr Etud Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IFP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Tokyo, ISSP, Neutron Scattering Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bourges, P (reprint author), Ctr Etud Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 147202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.147202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100047 PM 12731944 ER PT J AU Eriksen, KA Simonsen, I Maslov, S Sneppen, K AF Eriksen, KA Simonsen, I Maslov, S Sneppen, K TI Modularity and extreme edges of the Internet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NETWORKS; SPECTRA AB We study the spectral properties of a diffusion process taking place on the Internet network focusing on the slowest decaying modes. These modes identify an underlying modular structure roughly corresponding to individual countries. For instance, in the slowest decaying mode the diffusion current flows from Russia to U.S. military sites. Quantitatively the modular structure manifests itself in a 10 times larger participation ratio of its slow decaying modes compared to a random scale-free network. We propose to use the fraction of nodes participating in slow decaying modes as a general measure of the modularity of a network. For the 100 slowest decaying modes of the Internet this fraction is similar to30%. Finally, we suggest that the degree of isolation of an individual module can be assessed by comparing its participation in different diffusion modes. C1 NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Eriksen, KA (reprint author), NORDITA, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RI Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009; OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X; Sneppen, Kim/0000-0001-9820-3567 NR 16 TC 117 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 148701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.148701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100055 PM 12731952 ER PT J AU Fan, X Buczko, R Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB Howe, JY Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ AF Fan, X Buczko, R Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB Howe, JY Pantelides, ST Pennycook, SJ TI Nucleation of single-walled carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; AB-INITIO; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LASER VAPORIZATION; CATALYTIC GROWTH; METAL PARTICLES; MECHANISM; DIAMETER AB The nucleation pathway for single-wall carbon nanotubes on a metal surface is demonstrated by a series of total energy calculations using density functional theory. Incorporation of pentagons at an early stage of nucleation is energetically favorable as they reduce the number of dangling bonds and facilitate curvature of the structure and bonding to the metal. In the presence of the metal surface, nucleation of a closed cap or a capped single-wall carbon nanotube is overwhelmingly favored compared to any structure with dangling bonds or to a fullerene. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Adv Microscopy, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 35 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 145501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.145501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100028 PM 12731925 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Random vibrational networks and the renormalization group SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM AB We consider the properties of vibrational dynamics on random networks, with random masses and spring constants. The localization properties of the eigenstates contrast greatly with the Laplacian case on these networks. We introduce several real-space renormalization techniques which can be used to describe this dynamics on general networks, drawing on strong disorder techniques developed for regular lattices. The renormalization group is capable of elucidating the localization properties, and provides, even for specific network instances, a fast approximation technique for determining the spectra which compares well with exact results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 148702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.148702 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100056 PM 12731953 ER PT J AU Kaiser, R Manohar, AV Mehen, T AF Kaiser, R Manohar, AV Mehen, T TI Isospin violation in e(+)e(-) -> B(B)over-bar SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; HEAVY-QUARK; B-MESON; CP VIOLATION; SYMMETRY; DECAYS; STATES; ANNIHILATION; SYSTEM; QCD AB The ratio of the B+B- and B-0(B) over bar (0) production rates in e(+)e(-) annihilation is computed as a function of the B meson velocity and BB* pi coupling constant, using a nonrelativistic effective field theory. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Kaiser, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 142001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.142001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100012 PM 12731909 ER PT J AU Krokovny, P Abe, K Abe, T Adachi, I Aihara, H Akatsu, M Asano, Y Aso, T Aulchenko, V Aushev, T Bakich, AM Ban, Y Bay, A Bedny, I Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Brodzicka, J Browder, TE Casey, BCK Chang, P Chao, Y Chen, KF Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, SK Choi, Y Choi, YK Danilov, M Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Eiges, V Enari, Y Fukunaga, C Gabyshev, N Garmash, A Gershon, T Haba, J Hara, T Hasuko, K Hayashii, H Hazumi, M Higuchi, I Higuchi, T Hojo, T Hoshi, Y Hou, WS Huang, HC Igarashi, Y Iijima, T Inami, K Ishikawa, A Itoh, R Iwasaki, H Iwasaki, Y Kaneko, J Kang, JH Kang, JS Kapusta, P Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawai, H Kawakami, Y Kawasaki, T Kichimi, H Kim, DW Kim, HJ Kim, HO Kim, H Kim, JH Kobayashi, S Koppenburg, P Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lange, JS Leder, G Lee, SH Lin, SW Liventsev, D MacNaughton, J Majumder, G Mandl, F Matsuishi, T Matsumoto, S Matsumoto, T Mitaroff, W Miyabayashi, K Miyake, H Miyata, H Nagamine, T Nagasaka, Y Nakadaira, T Nakano, E Nakao, M Nakazawa, H Nam, JW Natkaniec, Z Nishida, S Nitoh, O Ogawa, S Ohshima, T Okabe, T Okuno, S Olsen, SL Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Palka, H Park, CW Park, H Peters, M Piilonen, LE Rozanska, M Rybicki, K Sagawa, H Sakai, Y Satapathy, M Satpathy, A Schneider, O Schrenk, S Schumann, J Semenov, S Senyo, K Seuster, R Sevior, ME Shibuya, H Shwartz, B Sidorov, V Singh, JB Stanic, S Staric, M Sugi, A Sumisawa, K Sumiyoshi, T Suzuki, S Suzuki, SY Swain, SK Takahashi, T Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tamura, N Tanaka, J Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Teramoto, Y Tokuda, S Tomura, T Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Unno, Y Uno, S Varner, G Varvell, KE Wang, CC Wang, CH Wang, JG Won, E Yabsley, BD Yamada, Y Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yusa, Y Zhang, CC Zhang, ZP Zhilich, V Zontar, D Belle Collaboration AF Krokovny, P Abe, K Abe, T Adachi, I Aihara, H Akatsu, M Asano, Y Aso, T Aulchenko, V Aushev, T Bakich, AM Ban, Y Bay, A Bedny, I Bondar, A Bozek, A Bracko, M Brodzicka, J Browder, TE Casey, BCK Chang, P Chao, Y Chen, KF Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, SK Choi, Y Choi, YK Danilov, M Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Eiges, V Enari, Y Fukunaga, C Gabyshev, N Garmash, A Gershon, T Haba, J Hara, T Hasuko, K Hayashii, H Hazumi, M Higuchi, I Higuchi, T Hojo, T Hoshi, Y Hou, WS Huang, HC Igarashi, Y Iijima, T Inami, K Ishikawa, A Itoh, R Iwasaki, H Iwasaki, Y Kaneko, J Kang, JH Kang, JS Kapusta, P Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawai, H Kawakami, Y Kawasaki, T Kichimi, H Kim, DW Kim, HJ Kim, HO Kim, H Kim, JH Kobayashi, S Koppenburg, P Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lange, JS Leder, G Lee, SH Lin, SW Liventsev, D MacNaughton, J Majumder, G Mandl, F Matsuishi, T Matsumoto, S Matsumoto, T Mitaroff, W Miyabayashi, K Miyake, H Miyata, H Nagamine, T Nagasaka, Y Nakadaira, T Nakano, E Nakao, M Nakazawa, H Nam, JW Natkaniec, Z Nishida, S Nitoh, O Ogawa, S Ohshima, T Okabe, T Okuno, S Olsen, SL Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Pakhlov, P Palka, H Park, CW Park, H Peters, M Piilonen, LE Rozanska, M Rybicki, K Sagawa, H Sakai, Y Satapathy, M Satpathy, A Schneider, O Schrenk, S Schumann, J Semenov, S Senyo, K Seuster, R Sevior, ME Shibuya, H Shwartz, B Sidorov, V Singh, JB Stanic, S Staric, M Sugi, A Sumisawa, K Sumiyoshi, T Suzuki, S Suzuki, SY Swain, SK Takahashi, T Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tamura, N Tanaka, J Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Teramoto, Y Tokuda, S Tomura, T Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Uehara, S Unno, Y Uno, S Varner, G Varvell, KE Wang, CC Wang, CH Wang, JG Won, E Yabsley, BD Yamada, Y Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yusa, Y Zhang, CC Zhang, ZP Zhilich, V Zontar, D Belle Collaboration TI Observation of (B)over-bar(0)-> D-0(K)over-bar(0) and (B)over-bar(0)-> D-0(K)over-bar(*0) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CP VIOLATION; SEARCH AB We report on a search for (B) over bar (0) --> D-(*()0)(K) over bar (()*()0) decays based on 85 x 10(6) B (B) over bar events collected with the Belle detector at KEKB. The (B) over bar (0)-->D-0(K) over bar (0) and (B) over bar (0) --> D-0(K) over bar*(0) decays have been observed for the first time with the branching fractions B((B) over bar (0)-->D-0(K) over bar (0))=(5.0(-1.2)(+1.3) +/- 0.6) x 10(-5) and B((B) over bar (0) --> D-0(K) over bar*(0)) = (4.8(-1.0)(+1.1) +/- 0.5) x 10(-5). No significant signal has been found for the (B) over bar (0) --> D*(0)(K) over bar (()*()0) and (B) over bar (0)-->(D) over bar (()*()0)(K) over bar*(0) decay modes, and upper limits at 90% C.L. are presented. C1 Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Chiba Univ, Chiba, Japan. Chuo Univ, Tokyo 112, Japan. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Chinju, South Korea. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima, Japan. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Inst High Energy Phys, Vienna, Austria. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Lausanne, Inst Phys Hautes Energies, Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Natl Lien Ho Inst Technol, Miaoli, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Nihon Dent Coll, Niigata, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Saga Univ, Saga 840, Japan. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Suwon, South Korea. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Toho Univ, Funabashi, Chiba 274, Japan. Tohoku Gakuin Univ, Tagajo, Miyagi, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. Toyama Natl Coll Maritime Technol, Toyama, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Utkal Univ, Bhubaneswar 751004, Orissa, India. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yokkaichi Univ, Yokaichi, Japan. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Krokovny, P (reprint author), Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RI Abe, Kazuo/F-6576-2010; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Huang, Hsuan-Cheng/C-7266-2011; Nitoh, Osamu/C-3522-2013; Pakhlov, Pavel/K-2158-2013; Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014; Krokovny, Pavel/G-4421-2016; Chistov, Ruslan/B-4893-2014; Drutskoy, Alexey/C-8833-2016 OI Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Huang, Hsuan-Cheng/0000-0002-3386-0934; Pakhlov, Pavel/0000-0001-7426-4824; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164; Krokovny, Pavel/0000-0002-1236-4667; Chistov, Ruslan/0000-0003-1439-8390; Drutskoy, Alexey/0000-0003-4524-0422 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 141802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.141802 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100009 PM 12731906 ER PT J AU Lordi, V Gambin, V Friedrich, S Funk, T Takizawa, T Uno, K Harris, JS AF Lordi, V Gambin, V Friedrich, S Funk, T Takizawa, T Uno, K Harris, JS TI Nearest-neighbor configuration in (GaIn)(NAs) probed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; GAINNAS; ALLOYS; METALS; EFFICIENCY; NITROGEN; GAINASN AB Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y is a promising material system for the fabrication of inexpensive "last-mile" optoelectronic components. However, details of its atomic arrangement and the relationship to observed optical properties is not fully known. Particularly, a blueshift of emission wavelength is observed after annealing. In this work, we use x-ray absorption fine structure to study the chemical environment around N atoms in the material before and after annealing. We find that as-grown molecular beam epitaxy material consists of a nearly random distribution of atoms, while postannealed material shows segregation of In toward N. Ab initio simulations show that this short-range ordering creates a more thermodynamically stable alloy and is responsible for blueshifting the emission. C1 Stanford Univ, Solid State & Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Osaka, Japan. Wakayama Univ, Wakayama, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lordi, V (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Solid State & Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM vlordi@snow.stanford.edu OI Lordi, Vincenzo/0000-0003-2415-4656 NR 23 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 145505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.145505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100032 PM 12731929 ER PT J AU Rudd, RE Briggs, GAD Sutton, AP Medeiros-Ribeiro, G Williams, RS AF Rudd, RE Briggs, GAD Sutton, AP Medeiros-Ribeiro, G Williams, RS TI Equilibrium model of bimodal distributions of epitaxial island growth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLED QUANTUM DOTS; SHAPE TRANSITION; GE ISLANDS; SI(001); NANOCRYSTALS; NUCLEATION; SIZE; GE/SI(001); EVOLUTION; PYRAMIDS AB We present a nanostructure diagram for use in designing heteroepitaxial systems of quantum dots. The nanostructure diagram is computed using a new equilibrium statistical physics model and predicts the island size and shape distributions for a range of combinations of growth temperature and amount of deposited material. The model is applied to Ge on Si(001), the archetype for bimodal island growth, and the results compare well with data from atomic force microscopy of Ge/Si islands grown by chemical vapor deposition. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, L-045, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Williams, R. Stanley/A-8281-2009; medeiros ribeiro, gilberto/E-1835-2012; Briggs, Andrew/A-6890-2011; OI Williams, R. Stanley/0000-0003-0213-4259; Rudd, Robert/0000-0002-6632-2681 NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 146101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.146101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100034 PM 12731931 ER PT J AU Shytov, AV Vekhter, I Gruzberg, IA Balatsky, AV AF Shytov, AV Vekhter, I Gruzberg, IA Balatsky, AV TI Tail states in clean superconductors with magnetic impurities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES AB We analyze the behavior of the density of states in a singlet s-wave superconductor with weak magnetic impurities in the clean limit. By using the method of optimal fluctuation and treating the order parameter self-consistently we show that the density of states is finite everywhere in the superconducting gap, and that it varies as lnN(E) proportional to -\E-Delta(0)\((7-d)/4) near the mean field gap edge Delta(0) in a d-dimensional superconductor. In contrast to most studied cases the optimal fluctuation is strongly anisotropic. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Shytov, AV (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Vekhter, Ilya/M-1780-2013 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 147002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.147002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100042 PM 12731939 ER PT J AU Wilson, AN Dracoulis, GD Byrne, AP Davidson, PM Lane, GJ Clark, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D AF Wilson, AN Dracoulis, GD Byrne, AP Davidson, PM Lane, GJ Clark, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D TI Direct decays from superdeformed states in Pb-192 observed using time-correlated gamma-ray spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION-ENERGIES; YRAST LINE; BANDS; NUCLEI; DEFORMATION; PARITY; HG-194; SPINS; MODEL AB Correlations of decays above and below isomeric states in the normally deformed minimum of Pb-192 have been used to identify discrete transitions in the decay of the superdeformed (SD) band. The data establish the absolute excitation energy of the lowest observed SD level as 4.425 MeV. Extrapolation to the bandhead indicates that the excitation energy of the superdeformed well in Pb-192 is 0.5 MeV lower than in the heavier isotope Pb-194. The results confirm the trend to decreasing excitation energy with decreasing neutron number predicted by both a macroscopic Strutinsky method approach and microscopic mean field calculations. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilson, AN (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RI Dracoulis, George/A-8123-2008; Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011 OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 14 AR 142501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.142501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 668XH UT WOS:000182320100014 PM 12731911 ER PT J AU Collins, FS Morgan, M Patrinos, A AF Collins, FS Morgan, M Patrinos, A TI The human genome project: Lessons from large-scale biology SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The Human Genome Project has been the first major foray of the biological and medical research communities into "big science." In this Viewpoint, we present some of our experiences in organizing and managing such a complicated, publicly funded, international effort. We believe that many of the lessons we learned will be applicable to future large-scale projects in biology. C1 NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Wellcome Trust Res Labs, London NW1 2BE, England. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Collins, FS (reprint author), NHGRI, NIH, Bldg 31,Room 4B09,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 14 TC 354 Z9 383 U1 6 U2 74 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5617 BP 286 EP 290 DI 10.1126/science.1084564 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 665RQ UT WOS:000182135400043 PM 12690187 ER PT J AU Frazier, ME Johnson, GM Thomassen, DG Oliver, CE Patrinos, A AF Frazier, ME Johnson, GM Thomassen, DG Oliver, CE Patrinos, A TI Realizing the potential of the genome revolution: The Genomes to Life program SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The systems biology revolution is proceeding along multiple pathways as different science agencies and the private sector have adopted strategies suited to their particular needs and cultures. To meet this challenge, the U. S. Department of Energy has developed the Genomes to Life (GTL) program. A central focus of GTL is environmental microbial biology as a way to approach global environmental problems, and its key goal is to achieve, over the next 10 to 20 years, a basic understanding of thousands of microbes and microbial systems in their native environments. This focus demands that we address huge gaps in knowledge, technology, computing, data storage and manipulation, and systems-level integration. C1 US DOE, Off Sci, Off Biol & Environm Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. US DOE, Off Adv Sci Comp Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Thomassen, DG (reprint author), US DOE, Off Sci, Off Biol & Environm Res, SC-70,Germantown Bldg,1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM david.thomassen@science.doe.gov NR 11 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5617 BP 290 EP 293 DI 10.1126/science.1084566 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 665RQ UT WOS:000182135400044 PM 12690188 ER PT J AU Yang, WL Brouet, V Zhou, XJ Choi, HJ Louie, SG Cohen, ML Kellar, SA Bogdanov, PV Lanzara, A Goldoni, A Parmigiani, F Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Yang, WL Brouet, V Zhou, XJ Choi, HJ Louie, SG Cohen, ML Kellar, SA Bogdanov, PV Lanzara, A Goldoni, A Parmigiani, F Hussain, Z Shen, ZX TI Band structure and Fermi surface of electron-doped C-60 monolayers SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; K3C60; FULLERIDES; AG(111); SYSTEMS; PHONON; ENERGY; FILMS; STATE AB C-60 fullerides are challenging systems because both the electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions are large on the energy scale of the expected narrow band width. We report angle-resolved photoemission data on the band dispersion for an alkali-doped C-60 monolayer and a detailed comparison with theory. Compared to the maximum bare theoretical band width of 170 meV, the observed 100-meV dispersion is within the range of renormalization by electron-phonon coupling. This dispersion is only a fraction of the integrated peak width, revealing the importance of many-body effects. Additionally, measurements on the Fermi surface indicate the robustness of the Luttinger theorem even for materials with strong interactions. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, CNRS, UMR8502, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. RP Shen, ZX (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011; Choi, Hyoung Joon/N-8933-2015; OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063; Choi, Hyoung Joon/0000-0001-8565-8597; Parmigiani, Fulvio/0000-0001-9529-7406; GOLDONI, Andrea/0000-0001-9989-3889 NR 30 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 11 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5617 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1126/science.1082174 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 665RQ UT WOS:000182135400049 PM 12690192 ER PT J AU Grate, JW Bruckner-Lea, CJ Jarell, AE Chandler, DP AF Grate, JW Bruckner-Lea, CJ Jarell, AE Chandler, DP TI Automated sample preparation method for suspension arrays using renewable surface separations with multiplexed flow cytometry fluorescence detection (vol 478, pg 85, 2003) SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Correction C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Phys Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Phys Sci Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 482 IS 1 BP 147 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00198-3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 663GB UT WOS:000181996900016 ER PT J AU Weisman, JL Lee, TJ Salama, F Head-Gordon, M AF Weisman, JL Lee, TJ Salama, F Head-Gordon, M TI Time-dependent density functional theory calculations of large compact polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations: Implications for the diffuse interstellar bands SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; ISM : molecules; methods : analytical ID EXCITATION-ENERGIES; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; CARRIERS; APPROXIMATION; EQUILIBRIA; ABSORPTION; PERYLENE; STATES; PAHS AB We investigate the electronic absorption spectra of several maximally pericondensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon radical cations with time-dependent density functional theory calculations. We find interesting trends in the vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths for this series containing pyrene through circumcircumcoronene, the largest species containing close to 100 carbon atoms. We discuss the implications of these new results for the size and structure distribution of the diffuse interstellar band carriers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Weisman, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lee, Timothy/K-2838-2012; Salama, Farid/A-8787-2009 OI Salama, Farid/0000-0002-6064-4401 NR 29 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 587 IS 1 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1086/368103 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 665EA UT WOS:000182105600021 ER PT J AU Belle, KE Howell, SB Sion, EM Long, KS Szkody, P AF Belle, KE Howell, SB Sion, EM Long, KS Szkody, P TI Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectroscopy of the intermediate polar EX Hydrae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (EX Hydrae); white dwarfs ID CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; ULTRAVIOLET; PERIOD; MODEL AB We present the results of our analysis of six orbits of Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) time-tagged spectroscopy of the intermediate polar, EX Hydrae. The high time and wavelength resolution of the HST/STIS spectra provided an excellent opportunity to study the UV properties of EX Hya. Measurements of the continuum and emission-line fluxes corroborate earlier studies that show that the emission-line fluxes are modulated more strongly than the continuum flux and originate from the accretion curtains, while the continuum flux originates from the white dwarf photosphere. The measured K amplitude of the narrow emission-line radial velocity curve is used to calculate a white dwarf mass of 0.91 +/- 0.05 M.. Synthetic white dwarf photosphere and accretion disk spectral models are used to further re. ne the white dwarf and accretion disk properties. Using the spectral models, it is determined that EX Hya has a white dwarf of mass 0.9 M., T = 23,000 K, and an accretion disk truncated at 2.5 R-WD and is at a distance of 60 pc. C1 Planetary Sci Inst, Astrophys Grp, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Villanova Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Belle, KE (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, Astrophys Grp, 620 N 6th Ave, Tucson, AZ 85705 USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 587 IS 1 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1086/368180 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 665EA UT WOS:000182105600030 ER PT J AU Choi, CH Gordon, MS AF Choi, CH Gordon, MS TI Cycloaddition reactions of dienes on the Si(100)-2X1 surface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials Development and Performance CY OCT 16-19, 2002 CL TAEGU, SOUTH KOREA ID SI(001) SURFACE; ACETYLENE; ADSORPTION AB Quantum mechanical methods were adopted to study the surface reaction mechanisms of 1,3-cyclohexadierie and acrylonitrile on the Si(100)-2x1 surface. According to the computed potential energy surfaces, both [4+2] and [2+2] cycloaddition products resulting from the reactions of surface dimers are possible due to the negligible activation barriers at the surface. Isomerization reactions among the surface products are very unlikely due to the predicted large activation barriers preventing thermal redistributions of the surface products. As a result, the distribution of the final surface products is kinetically controlled leading to a reinterpretation of recent experiments. An intermediate Lewis acid-base type complex appears in both the [4+2] and [2+2] cycloadditions of acrylonitrile entrance channels, indicating that the surface may act as an electrophile/Lewis acid towards a strong Lewis base substrate. C1 Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Choi, CH (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Taegu 702701, South Korea. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 8-9 BP 1205 EP 1210 DI 10.1142/S0217979203018752 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 685XR UT WOS:000183290100015 ER PT J AU Werner, JH Cai, H Jett, JH Reha-Krantz, L Keller, RA Goodwin, PM AF Werner, JH Cai, H Jett, JH Reha-Krantz, L Keller, RA Goodwin, PM TI Progress towards single-molecule DNA sequencing: a one color demonstration SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; single-molecule detection; fluorescence ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; MONONUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; IDENTIFICATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; EXONUCLEASE; NUCLEOTIDE; STREAMS AB Single molecules of fluorescently labeled nucleotides were detected during the cleavage of individual DNA fragments by a processive exonuclease. In these experiments, multiple (10-100) strands of DNA with tetramethyl rhodamine labeled dUMP (TMR-dUMP) incorporated into the sequence were anchored in flow upstream of the detection region of an ultra sensitive flow cytometer. A dilute solution of Exonuclease I passed over the microspheres. When an exonuclease attached to a strand, processive digestion of that strand began. The liberated, labeled bases flowed through the detection region and were detected at high efficiency at the single-molecule level by laser-induced fluorescence. The digestion of a single strand of DNA by a single exonuclease was discernable in these experiments. This result demonstrates the feasibility of single-molecule DNA sequencing. In addition, these experiments point to a new and practical means of arriving at a consensus sequence by individually reading out identical sequences on multiple fragments. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Werner, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Reha-Krantz, Linda/A-3748-2014 OI Reha-Krantz, Linda/0000-0003-4497-423X NR 39 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0168-1656(03)00006-3 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 668NE UT WOS:000182299400001 PM 12668309 ER PT J AU Averbuch, A Israeli, M Ravve, I AF Averbuch, A Israeli, M Ravve, I TI Electromigration of intergranular voids in metal films for microelectronic interconnects SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL SET APPROACH; ELECTROMECHANICALLY-INDUCED FAILURE; DIFFUSE INTERFACE MODEL; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE ELECTROMIGRATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; 2-DIMENSIONAL VOIDS; UNIFIED MODEL; SHAPE CHANGES; EVOLUTION AB Voids and cracks often occur in the interconnect lines of microelectronic devices. They increase the resistance of the circuits and may even lead to a fatal failure. Voids may occur inside a single grain, but often they appear on the boundary between two grains. In this work, we model and analyze numerically the migration and evolution of an intergranular void subjected to surface diffusion forces and external voltage applied to the interconnect. The grain-void interface is considered one-dimensional, and the physical formulation of the electromigration and diffusion model results in two coupled fourth-order one-dimensional time-dependent PDEs. The boundary conditions are specified at the triple points, which are common to both neighboring grains and the void. The solution of these equations uses a finite difference scheme in space and a Runge-Kutta integration scheme in time, and is also coupled to the solution of a static Laplace equation describing the voltage distribution throughout the grain. Since the voltage distribution is required only along the interface line, the two-dimensional discretization of the grain interior is not needed, and the static problem is solved by the boundary element method at each time step. The motion of the intergranular void was studied for different ratios between the diffusion and the electric field forces, and for different initial configurations of the void. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Comp Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Comp Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Averbuch, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Comp Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 186 IS 2 BP 481 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00070-6 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 674AW UT WOS:000182615000005 ER PT J AU Luther, TA Stewart, FF Budzien, JL LaViolette, RA Bauer, WF Harrup, MK Allen, CW Elayan, A AF Luther, TA Stewart, FF Budzien, JL LaViolette, RA Bauer, WF Harrup, MK Allen, CW Elayan, A TI On the mechanism of ion transport through polyphosphazene solid polymer electrolytes: NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopic studies and computational analysis of N-15-labeled polyphosphazenes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); FORCE-FIELD; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; LITHIUM TRIFLATE; CATION-ANION; AB-INITIO; TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE; DYNAMICS; POLY(METHYLPHENYLPHOSPHAZENE); PHOSPHAZENES AB Comprehensive investigation of lithium ion complexation with N-15-labeled polyphosphazenes-N-15-poly-[bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phosphazene] (IN-MEEP) and N-15-poly-[((2-allylphenoxy)(0.12)(4-methoxyphenoxy)(1.02)(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)(0.86))phosphazene] (N-15-HPP)-was performed by NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopies. Previous studies characterized the ionic transport through the polymer matrix in terms of "jumps" between neighboring polymer strands utilizing the electron lone pairs of the etherial oxygen nuclei with the nitrogen nuclei on the polyphosphazene backbone not involved. However, noteworthy changes were observed in the NMR, IR, and Raman spectra with the addition of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf) to the polyphosphazenes. The data indicate that the preferred association for the lithium ion with the polymer is with the nitrogen nuclei, resulting in the formation of a "pocket" with the pendant groups folding around the backbone. NMR temperature-dependent spin-lattice relaxation (T-1) studies (C-13, P-31, and N-15) indicate significant lithium ion interaction with the backbone nitrogen nuclei. These studies are in agreement with molecular dynamics simulations investigating lithium ion movement within the polyphosphazene matrix. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Chem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Luther, TA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Budzien, Joanne/E-8315-2011; Bauer, William/B-8357-2016 OI Bauer, William/0000-0002-7190-9700 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 14 BP 3168 EP 3176 DI 10.1021/jp027641w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 663ZT UT WOS:000182037800013 ER PT J AU Lee, YK Kim, JY Lee, YK Kim, I Moon, HS Park, JW Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ AF Lee, YK Kim, JY Lee, YK Kim, I Moon, HS Park, JW Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ TI Conditioning effects on La1-xSrxMnO3-yttria stabilized zirconia electrodes for thin-film solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE composite cathodes; colloidal deposition technique; conditioning effects; impedance characteristics ID VAPOR-PHASE PROCESSES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; ELECTROLYTES; PERFORMANCE; CATHODES; SOFC AB Composite cathodes of 50/50 vol.% La1-xSrxMnO3-yttria stabilized zirconia (LSM-YSZ) were deposited onto dense YSZ electrolytes by colloidal deposition technique. The cathode characteristics were then examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and studied by ac impedance spectroscopy (IS). Conditioning effects of the LSM-YSZ cathodes were seen, and remedies for these effects were proposed for improving the performance of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). LSM surface contamination and modification, cathode bonding to the YSZ electrolyte, changing Pt electrode and bonding paste, and curvature of sintered YSZ electrolytes led to some changes in microstructure and variability in cell performances. Much of the variability could be eliminated by using only one batch of Pt paste, using flat and sanded YSZ plates as well as consistent processing procedures. Reproducible impedance spectra were obtained by using the improved cell configurations. Typical IS spectra measured for an (air) LSM-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ (air) cell at 900 degreesC showed two depressed arcs. The impedance characteristics of the LSM-YSZ cathodes were also affected by experimental conditions such as surface modification of the LSM by Ni or Sr, cathode compositions and applied current. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Uiduk Univ, SERI, Div Informat & Commun Engn, Kyongju 780713, South Korea. Dong A Univ, Dept Met Engn, Pusan 604714, South Korea. Hanyang Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, YK (reprint author), Uiduk Univ, SERI, Div Informat & Commun Engn, Kyongju 780713, South Korea. EM leeyk@mail.uiduk.ac.kr NR 21 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 115 IS 2 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00727-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 668EG UT WOS:000182276900005 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Sweikart, MA Turner, JA AF Wang, HL Sweikart, MA Turner, JA TI Stainless steel as bipolar plate material for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE bipolar plate; stainless steel; passive film; polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell; corrosion ID STACK AB Due to their low cost, high strength, ease of machining and shaping into thin sheets, as well as their corrosion resistance, stainless steels are considered to be good candidates for bipolar plate materials for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). We have tested several stainless steels in simulated PEMFC environments for application as bipolar plates. The results showed that the chromium content in the steel alloys has an important influence on the anodic behavior. The interfacial contact resistance of the carbon paper/stainless steel interface has been evaluated. Both tests show that 349(TM) is the best candidate for this application. When 349(TM) stainless steel was polarized in simulated PEMFC environments, it was found that stable passive films formed within 30 min. The interfacial contact resistance between the carbon paper and stainless steel increased due to the formation of the passive film. However, as soon as a stable passive film is formed, the interfacial contact resistance stabilized. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Turner, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 24 TC 368 Z9 392 U1 6 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 115 IS 2 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00023-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 668EG UT WOS:000182276900008 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Stevenson, JW AF Chou, YS Stevenson, JW TI Mid-term stability of novel mica-based compressive seals for solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE mica-based compressive seal concept; solid oxide fuel cells; muscovite mica ID GLASS-CERAMICS; SOFC; PROGRESS; SEALANTS AB A novel mica-based compressive seal concept was examined at elevated temperatures under compressive stress to evaluate its stability. The "hybrid" mica compressive seals, composed of cleaved Muscovite mica and two compliant inter-layers, were reported earlier to have very low leak rates at 800 degreesC. In the present study, we examined the mid-term (similar to350-700 h) stability of the mica-based compressive seals with three different inter-layers: a low melting borosilicate glass, a glass ceramic material, and a metallic material. The 800 degreesC leak test results showed excellent stability for the three different inter-layers in air at a compressive stress of 100 psi as the leak rates remained almost unchanged during the test. Microstructural characterization of the interfaces showed very limited interfacial reaction or glass penetration at the glass/8YSZ substrate interface. The results clearly demonstrate the applicability of the mica-based compressive seals for solid oxide fuel cells. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resource Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resource Dept, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 115 IS 2 BP 274 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00020-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 668EG UT WOS:000182276900011 ER PT J AU Liu, GK Chen, XY Huang, J AF Liu, GK Chen, XY Huang, J TI Intensity and bandwidth of multiphonon vibronic transitions of rare-earth ions in crystals SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE; EU2+ AB The theory of multiphonon vibronic coupling to electronic transitions is applied in analysing fluorescence spectra of Eu2+ in BaFCl, which consist of the 4f(7) (P-6(7/2)) --> 4f(7) (S-8(7/2)) and 4f(6)5d --> 4f(7) transitions, and the 4f(7)-4f(6) d excitation spectrum of Ce3+ in YPO4. The 4f electrons are weakly coupled to lattice vibration modes so that only weak one- and two-phonon sidebands are observable in the 4f-4f optical transitions, whereas the electron-phonon coupling is significantly stronger for a 5d electron. Accordingly, intensive multi-phonon vibronic transitions overwhelmingly dominate the 4f(6)5d --> 4f(7) spectrum. It is shown that the extended Judd-Ofelt theory for weak vibronic coupling in the framework of the M-process is equivalent to the Huang-Rhys theory for the Delta-process. In the analysis of experimental data, contributions from local ligand modes and lattice acoustic modes are separated, and the coupling strength is evaluated, in terms of the Huang-Rhys parameter S, for the 4f-4f and 5d-4f vibronic transitions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chen, Xueyuan/C-5613-2012 OI Chen, Xueyuan/0000-0003-0493-839X NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 7 BP 1029 EP 1036 DI 10.1080/0026897021000046889 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 671NX UT WOS:000182471900022 ER PT J AU Seki, K Hirahara, M Hoshino, M Terasawa, T Elphic, RC Saito, Y Mukai, T Hayakawa, H Kojima, H Matsumoto, H AF Seki, K Hirahara, M Hoshino, M Terasawa, T Elphic, RC Saito, Y Mukai, T Hayakawa, H Kojima, H Matsumoto, H TI Cold ions in the hot plasma sheet of Earth's magnetotail SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; GEOTAIL AB Most visible matter in the Universe exists as plasma. How this plasma is heated, and especially how the initial non-equilibrium plasma distributions relax to thermal equilibrium (as predicted by Maxwell-Boltzman statistics), is a fundamental question in studies of astrophysical(1-3) and laboratory plasmas(4,5). Astrophysical plasmas are often so tenuous that binary collisions(2,3) can be ignored, and it is not clear how thermal equilibrium develops for these 'collisionless' plasmas. One example of a collisionless plasma is the Earth's plasma sheet(6), where thermalized hot plasma with ion temperatures of about 5 x 10(7) K has been observed(7). Here we report direct observations of a plasma distribution function during a solar eclipse, revealing cold ions in the Earth's plasma sheet in coexistence with thermalized hot ions. This cold component cannot be detected by plasma sensors on satellites that are positively charged in sunlight, but our observations in the Earth's shadow show that the density of the cold ions is comparable to that of hot ions. This high density is difficult to explain within existing theories(8-10), as it requires a mechanism that permits half of the source plasma to remain cold upon entry into the hot turbulent plasma sheet. C1 Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi 4428507, Japan. Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Radio Sci Ctr Space & Atmosphere, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Seki, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Honohara 3-13, Aichi 4428507, Japan. EM seki@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 16 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 422 IS 6932 BP 589 EP 592 DI 10.1038/nature01502 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 665GN UT WOS:000182111400034 PM 12686993 ER PT J AU McElroy, K Simmonds, RW Hoffman, JE Lee, DH Orenstein, J Eisaki, H Uchida, S Davis, JC AF McElroy, K Simmonds, RW Hoffman, JE Lee, DH Orenstein, J Eisaki, H Uchida, S Davis, JC TI Relating atomic-scale electronic phenomena to wave-like quasiparticle states in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; T-C SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CUPRATE BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; GAP ANISOTROPY; DENSITY AB The electronic structure of simple crystalline solids can be completely described in terms either of local quantum states in real space (r-space), or of wave-like states defined in momentum-space (k-space). However, in the copper oxide superconductors, neither of these descriptions alone may be sufficient. Indeed, comparisons between r-space(1-5) and k-space(6-13) studies of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi-2212) reveal numerous unexplained phenomena and apparent contradictions. Here, to explore these issues, we report Fourier transform studies of atomic-scale spatial modulations in the Bi-2212 density of states. When analysed as arising from quasiparticle interference(14-16), the modulations yield elements of the Fermi-surface and energy gap in agreement with photoemission experiments(12,13). The consistency of numerous sets of dispersing modulations with the quasiparticle interference model shows that no additional order parameter is required. We also explore the momentum-space structure of the unoccupied states that are inaccessible to photoemission, and find strong similarities to the structure of the occupied states. The copper oxide quasiparticles therefore apparently exhibit particle-hole mixing similar to that of conventional superconductors. Near the energy gap maximum, the modulations become intense, commensurate with the crystal, and bounded by nanometre-scale domains(4). Scattering of the antinodal quasiparticles is therefore strongly influenced by nanometre-scale disorder. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Ctr Adv Study, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, LASSP, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Davis, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hoffman, Jennifer/H-4334-2011; mcelroy, kyle/D-1816-2013; Orenstein, Joseph/I-3451-2015 OI Hoffman, Jennifer/0000-0003-2752-5379; NR 30 TC 321 Z9 323 U1 11 U2 47 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 422 IS 6932 BP 592 EP 596 DI 10.1038/nature01496 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 665GN UT WOS:000182111400035 PM 12686994 ER PT J AU Goldberger, J He, RR Zhang, YF Lee, SW Yan, HQ Choi, HJ Yang, PD AF Goldberger, J He, RR Zhang, YF Lee, SW Yan, HQ Choi, HJ Yang, PD TI Single-crystal gallium nitride nanotubes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAN NANOTUBES; NANOWIRES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; ZNO AB Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991 (ref. 1), there have been significant research efforts to synthesize nanometre-scale tubular forms of various solids(2-10). The formation of tubular nanostructure generally requires a layered or anisotropic crystal structure(2-4). There are reports(5,6,11) of nanotubes made from silica, alumina, silicon and metals that do not have a layered crystal structure; they are synthesized by using carbon nanotubes and porous membranes as templates, or by thin-film rolling. These nanotubes, however, are either amorphous, polycrystalline or exist only in ultrahigh vacuum(8). The growth of single-crystal semiconductor hollow nanotubes would be advantageous in potential nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics and biochemical-sensing applications. Here we report an 'epitaxial casting' approach for the synthesis of single-crystal GaN nanotubes with inner diameters of 30-200 nm and wall thicknesses of 5-50 nm. Hexagonal ZnO nanowires were used as templates for the epitaxial overgrowth of thin GaN layers in a chemical vapour deposition system. The ZnO nanowire templates were subsequently removed by thermal reduction and evaporation, resulting in ordered arrays of GaN nanotubes on the substrates. This templating process should be applicable to many other semiconductor systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Goldberger, Joshua/F-5484-2011; Choi, Heon-Jin/G-7450-2012; Goldberger, Joshua/N-8963-2016 OI Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X; Goldberger, Joshua/0000-0003-4284-604X NR 23 TC 993 Z9 1012 U1 50 U2 511 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 422 IS 6932 BP 599 EP 602 DI 10.1038/nature01551 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 665GN UT WOS:000182111400037 PM 12686996 ER PT J AU Kaya, M Alkhazov, G Atamantchouk, AG Balatz, MY Bondar, NF Cooper, PS Dauwe, LJ Davidenko, GV Dersch, U Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Edelstein, R Emediato, L Endler, AMF Engelfried, J Eschrich, I Escobar, CO Evdokimov, AV Filimonov, IS Garcia, FG Gaspero, M Giller, I Golovtsov, VL Gouffon, P Gulmez, E He, KL Iori, M Jun, SY Kilmer, J Kim, VT Kochenda, LM Konorov, I Kozhevnikov, AR Krivshich, AG Kruger, H Kubantsev, MA Kubarovsky, VP Kulyavtsev, AI Kuropatkin, NP Kurshetsov, VF Kushnirenko, A Kwan, S Lach, J Lamberto, A Landsberg, LG Larin, I Leikin, EM Li, YS Luksys, M Lungov, T Maleev, VP Mao, D Mao, CS Mao, ZL Mathew, P Mattson, M Matveev, V McCliment, E Moinester, MA Molchanov, VV Morelos, A Nelson, KD Nemitkin, AV Neoustroev, PV Newsom, C Nilov, AP Nurushev, SB Ocherashvili, A Onel, Y Ozel, E Ozkorucuklu, S Penzo, A Petrenko, S Pogodin, P Procario, M Prutskoi, VA Ramberg, E Rappazzo, GF Razmyslovich, BV Rud, VI Russ, J Schiavon, P Simon, J Sitnikov, AI Skow, D Smith, VJ Srivastava, M Steiner, V Stepanov, V Stutte, L Svoiski, M Terentyev, NK Thomas, GP Uvarov, LN Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE Vorobyov, AA Vorwalter, K You, J Zhao, WH Zheng, SC Zukanovich-Funchal, R AF Kaya, M Alkhazov, G Atamantchouk, AG Balatz, MY Bondar, NF Cooper, PS Dauwe, LJ Davidenko, GV Dersch, U Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Edelstein, R Emediato, L Endler, AMF Engelfried, J Eschrich, I Escobar, CO Evdokimov, AV Filimonov, IS Garcia, FG Gaspero, M Giller, I Golovtsov, VL Gouffon, P Gulmez, E He, KL Iori, M Jun, SY Kilmer, J Kim, VT Kochenda, LM Konorov, I Kozhevnikov, AR Krivshich, AG Kruger, H Kubantsev, MA Kubarovsky, VP Kulyavtsev, AI Kuropatkin, NP Kurshetsov, VF Kushnirenko, A Kwan, S Lach, J Lamberto, A Landsberg, LG Larin, I Leikin, EM Li, YS Luksys, M Lungov, T Maleev, VP Mao, D Mao, CS Mao, ZL Mathew, P Mattson, M Matveev, V McCliment, E Moinester, MA Molchanov, VV Morelos, A Nelson, KD Nemitkin, AV Neoustroev, PV Newsom, C Nilov, AP Nurushev, SB Ocherashvili, A Onel, Y Ozel, E Ozkorucuklu, S Penzo, A Petrenko, S Pogodin, P Procario, M Prutskoi, VA Ramberg, E Rappazzo, GF Razmyslovich, BV Rud, VI Russ, J Schiavon, P Simon, J Sitnikov, AI Skow, D Smith, VJ Srivastava, M Steiner, V Stepanov, V Stutte, L Svoiski, M Terentyev, NK Thomas, GP Uvarov, LN Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE Vorobyov, AA Vorwalter, K You, J Zhao, WH Zheng, SC Zukanovich-Funchal, R CA SELEX Collaboration TI Production asymmetry of D-s from 600 GeV/c Sigma(-) and pi(-) beam SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHARM AB The production of D-S(-) relative to D-S(+) as a function of x(F) with 600 GeV/c Sigma(-) beam is measured in the interval 0.15 < x(F) < 0.7 by the SELEX (E781) experiment at Fermilab. The integrated charge asymmetries with 600 GeV/c Sigma(-) beam (0.53 +/- 0.06) and pi(-) beam (0.06 +/- 0.11) are also compared. The results show the Sigma(-) beam fragments play a role in the production of D-S(-), as suggested by the leading quark model. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. Bogazici Univ, TR-80815 Bebek, Turkey. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Univ Fed Paraiba, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Michigan, Flint, MI 48502 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. RP Kaya, M (reprint author), Kafkas Univ, Kars, Turkey. RI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Gulmez, Erhan/P-9518-2015; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Maleev, Victor/R-4140-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; OI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Jun, Soon Yung/0000-0003-3370-6109 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 558 IS 1-2 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00246-6 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 663CT UT WOS:000181989200006 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, A Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, A Capua, A Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, A Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, E Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Derrick, M Drews, G Fourletova, J Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, E Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Wessoleck, H Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, E Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Matsushita, T Riby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, A Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, A Capua, A Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, A Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, E Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Derrick, M Drews, G Fourletova, J Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, E Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Wessoleck, H Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, E Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Matsushita, T Riby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of subjet multiplicities in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA and determination of alpha(s) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID JET CROSS-SECTIONS; LEPTON-NUCLEON SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; STRONG-COUPLING CONSTANT; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; COLOR DIPOLE MODEL; GLUON JETS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; BREIT FRAME AB The subjet multiplicity has been measured in neutral current e(+) p interactions at Q(2) > 125 GeV2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb(-1). Jets were identified in the laboratory frame using the longitudinally invariant k(T) cluster algorithm. The number of jet-like substructures within jets, known as the subjet multiplicity, is defined as the number of clusters resolved in a jet by reapplying the jet algorithm at a smaller resolution scale y(cut). Measurements of the mean subjet multiplicity, , for jets with transverse energies E-T,E-jet > 15 GeV are presented. Next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations describe the measurements well. The value of alpha(s) (M-Z), determined from at y(cut) = 10(-2) for jets with 25 < E-T,E-jet < 71 GeV, is alpha(s) (M-Z) = 0.1187 +/- 0.0017(stat.)(-0.0009)(+0.0024)(syst.)(-0.0076)(+0.0093)(th.). (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Aegean, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Phys Expt, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Phys Nucl, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rik.yoshida@desy.de RI Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015 OI Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070; NR 75 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD APR 10 PY 2003 VL 558 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00216-8 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 663CT UT WOS:000181989200007 ER PT J AU Bergmann, U Sturhahn, W Linn, DE Jenney, FE Adams, MWW Rupnik, K Hales, BJ Alp, EE Mayse, A Cramer, SP AF Bergmann, U Sturhahn, W Linn, DE Jenney, FE Adams, MWW Rupnik, K Hales, BJ Alp, EE Mayse, A Cramer, SP TI Observation of Fe-H/D modes by nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; BRIGHT IDEA; SCATTERING; RUBREDOXIN C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Cramer, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-44380, GM-65440] NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 9 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 14 BP 4016 EP 4017 DI 10.1021/ja028767+ PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 663JY UT WOS:000182003500005 PM 12670200 ER PT J AU Choe, W Miller, GJ Meyers, J Chumbley, S Pecharsky, AO AF Choe, W Miller, GJ Meyers, J Chumbley, S Pecharsky, AO TI "Nanoscale zippers" in the crystalline solid. Structural variations in the giant magnetocaloric material Gd5Si1.5Ge2.5 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ADIABATIC TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; PHASE-TRANSITION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; GD-5(SI2GE2); SYSTEM; GD-5(SI1.5GE2.5); GD-5(SI1.8GE2.2); GD5SI4-GD5GE4; REFINEMENT AB The magnetocaloric material Gd5Si1.5Ge2.5 has been synthesized and its crystal structures at 292 and 163 K are reported from single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. At room temperature, orthorhombic SM5Ge4-type and twinned, monoclinic Gd5Si2Ge2-type phases coexist in single crystal specimens. This phenomenon is mainly due to the covalent bond breaking and formation of (Si,Ge)-(Si,Ge) dimers during the crystallographic phase transition. We suggest an atomic-level model for the interface of the two distinct domains. A detailed TEM analysis also confirms the coexistence of both phases in a polycrystalline sample. The structural relationship between such nanoscale zippers and other known phases is identified. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, US Dept Energy, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gmiller@iastate.edu RI Choe, Wonyoung/H-8495-2012 OI Choe, Wonyoung/0000-0003-0957-1187 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1413 EP 1419 DI 10.1021/cm020928l PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 663ZE UT WOS:000182036600003 ER PT J AU Hu, Q Smith, CW Ness, NF Skoug, RM AF Hu, Q Smith, CW Ness, NF Skoug, RM TI Double flux-rope magnetic cloud in the solar wind at 1 AU SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOPAUSE TRANSECTS; RECONSTRUCTION; SPACECRAFT; MODEL AB [1] We present a study of a magnetic cloud observed by Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) in the solar wind at 1 AU on August 12, 2000. Its cross-section is obtained from magnetic field and plasma measurements by using a Grad-Shafranov reconstruction technique. This shows a configuration of asymmetric double flux ropes with a single-X point in between. Overall magnetic field and current density distributions are obtained numerically in a 2 1/2 D domain. The boundary confining the flux ropes is defined in consistency with two-dimensional, magne-tohydrostatic theory. Several parameters characterizing the flux ropes are derived. A benchmark case is illustrated to validate the approach. C1 Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM huqiang@bartol.udel.edu; rskoug@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 7 AR 1385 DI 10.1029/2002GL016653 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 669JG UT WOS:000182347700005 ER PT J AU Knickelbein, MB AF Knickelbein, MB TI Electric dipole polarizabilities of Nb2-27 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; NIOBIUM CLUSTERS; HYDROGEN CHEMISORPTION; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM; ALKALI CLUSTERS; REACTIVITY; MOLECULES; NBX AB The static electric dipole polarizabilities of Nb-2-Nb-27 have been measured via a molecular beam deflection method. The clusters display per-atom polarizabilities that vary between 5.4+/-0.3 Angstrom(3) per atom (Nb-10) to 37.7+/-0.3 Angstrom(3) (Nb-13). The factor of similar to7 variation observed in the per-atom polarizabilities is the largest observed for any metal cluster system investigated thus far and implies large size-dependent variations in their electronic and/or geometric structures. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Knickelbein, MB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 14 BP 6230 EP 6233 DI 10.1063/1.1559486 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660LP UT WOS:000181834900014 ER PT J AU Valone, SM AF Valone, SM TI An extension of transition-state theory for shock-induced chemical kinetics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED RATE-PROCESSES; DETONATION-WAVES; RATE CONSTANTS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CONDENSED PHASES; TURNOVER PROBLEM; METASTABLE WELL; ENERGY-RELEASE; REACTIVE FLUX AB A qualitative chemical kinetics model is developed for shock environments based on a straight-forward extension of transition-state theory. The model assumes that the distribution of initial velocities along a reaction coordinate is centered about the projection of the shock velocity along that coordinate. The resulting model possesses several highly desirable qualitative features. The first is an adiabatic quality in which the reaction rate depends explicitly on the projected-shock velocity instead of relying on some effective temperature. The second is saturation of the shock amplification of the reaction rate at a critical projected-shock velocity related to the barrier height of the reaction. Third is that the model can act as an extrapolation guide for extending thermally-measured rate constants to a shock environment. Finally, the explicit dependence of the reaction rate on projected-shock velocity, rather than the total shock speed, imparts a natural sense of anisotropy in the shock-induced kinetics. A 1D numerical simulation supports the presence of these features in shock-induced kinetics. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valone, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 14 BP 6289 EP 6297 DI 10.1063/1.1557451 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660LP UT WOS:000181834900022 ER PT J AU Babikov, D Kendrick, BK Walker, RB Pack, RT Fleurat-Lesard, P Schinke, R AF Babikov, D Kendrick, BK Walker, RB Pack, RT Fleurat-Lesard, P Schinke, R TI Metastable states of ozone calculated on an accurate potential energy surface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM REACTIVE SCATTERING; RATE COEFFICIENTS; DISSOCIATION THRESHOLD; HEAVY OZONE; ISOTOPE; FRACTIONATION AB A new potential energy surface for ozone is developed. It is based on high level ab initio data and includes an accurate description of the barrier region. Full quantum reactive scattering calculations using a coupled channel approach and hyperspherical coordinates are performed on this surface for various isotopic compositions of ozone. Collision lifetimes are obtained over a wide energy range, which gives the spectrum of rovibrational metastable states (scattering resonances). This spectrum is discovered to be very nonstatistical. The spectrum of resonances is dense below the isotopic zero-point-energy threshold and sparse above it. This feature is explained by the opening of additional dissociation channels at higher energies. This behavior is a general quantum mechanical effect that should occur in other triatomic molecules. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Stromungsforsch, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. RP Babikov, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12,MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fleurat-Lessard, Paul/C-9080-2009 OI Fleurat-Lessard, Paul/0000-0003-3114-2522 NR 30 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 14 BP 6298 EP 6308 DI 10.1063/1.1557936 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660LP UT WOS:000181834900023 ER PT J AU Aguirre, F Pratt, ST AF Aguirre, F Pratt, ST TI Ion-imaging of the photodissociation of CF3I+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; VIBRATIONAL REFLECTION PRINCIPLE; DISSOCIATIVE PHOTOIONIZATION; TRIATOMIC-MOLECULES; RYDBERG STATES; PHOTOELECTRON; DISTRIBUTIONS; ANISOTROPY; FRAGMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The photodissociation of CF3I+ prepared by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization has been studied by using velocity-map ion imaging and photoelectron spectroscopy. Photodissociation of CF3I+ between 300 and 306 nm results in dissociation to both CF3+I+ and CF3++I. As in an earlier study using time-of-flight mass spectrometry [L. D. Waits , J. Chem. Phys. 97, 7263 (1992)], the latter channel displays a bimodal velocity distribution, indicative of two different dissociation mechanisms. Photoelectron spectra presented here indicate that, contrary to the earlier suggestion, these dissociation processes must both occur following excitation to the A (2)A(1) state or to another dissociative state of the ion, and the ion images are consistent with this conclusion. The photoelectron angular distributions extracted from the ion images also provide new perspective on earlier studies of the dissociative ionization of CF3I. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aguirre, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 14 BP 6318 EP 6326 DI 10.1063/1.1559679 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660LP UT WOS:000181834900025 ER PT J AU Kalyuzhnyi, YV Cummings, PT AF Kalyuzhnyi, YV Cummings, PT TI Yukawa sticky m-point model of associating fluid SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN-SPHERICAL APPROXIMATION; PERCUS-YEVICK APPROXIMATION; ORNSTEIN-ZERNIKE EQUATION; HIGHLY ASYMMETRIC ELECTROLYTES; DIRECTIONAL ATTRACTIVE FORCES; IDEAL-CHAIN APPROXIMATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; DIMERIZING HARD-SPHERES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PRIMITIVE MODEL AB The product-reactant Ornstein-Zernike approach, supplemented by the ideal network approximation, is formulated for the Yukawa sticky m-point (YSmP) model of associating fluid. The model is represented by the multicomponent mixture of the Yukawa hard spheres with m sticky points randomly located on the surface of each hard sphere. Extensions of the regular integral equation closures, which include polymer Percus-Yevick, polymer hypernetted chain and polymer mean spherical approximations, are presented. An analytical solution of the polymer mean spherical approximation is derived and closed form analytical expressions for the structure (contact value of the radial distribution function, structure factor) and thermodynamic (internal energy) properties of the YSmP model are obtained. Due to generality and flexibility of the model it can be used to study the properties of a number of different associating fluids, including water and aqueous solutions. By way of illustration liquid-gas phase diagrams for the model with m=0, 1, 2, 3, 4 are presented and discussed. Predictions of the theory for the liquid-gas phase diagram of the YS4P model with the parameters similar to those assumed in the frames of the statistical associating fluid theory to mimic water are in reasonably good agreement with the corresponding experimental data for water. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Condensed Matter Phys, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kalyuzhnyi, YV (reprint author), Inst Condensed Matter Phys, Svientsitskoho 1, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 14 BP 6437 EP 6445 DI 10.1063/1.1559032 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660LP UT WOS:000181834900038 ER PT J AU Rosso, KM Smith, DMA Dupuis, M AF Rosso, KM Smith, DMA Dupuis, M TI An ab initio model of electron transport in hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) basal planes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER PROCESSES; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; IRON(III) OXIDE; IRON-OXIDES; REORGANIZATION; DYNAMICS; ATOMS; CONDUCTIVITY; POTENTIALS AB Transport of conduction electrons through basal planes of the hematite lattice was modeled as a valence alternation of iron cations using ab initio molecular orbital calculations and electron transfer theory. A cluster approach was successfully implemented to compute electron-transfer rate-controlling quantities such as the reorganization energy and electronic coupling matrix element. Localization of a conduction electron at an iron lattice site is accompanied by large iron-oxygen bond length increases that give rise to a large internal component of the reorganization energy (1.03 eV). The internal reorganization energy calculated directly is shown to differ from Nelsen's four-point method due to the short-range covalent bridge interaction between the Fe-Fe electron transfer pair in the hematite structure. The external reorganization energy arising from modification of the lattice polarization surrounding the localization site is predicted to contribute significantly to the total reorganization energy. The interaction between the reactants and products electronic states near the crossing-point configuration is 0.20 eV and is consistent with an adiabatic electron-transfer mechanism. Electron transfer is predicted to possess a small positive activation energy (0.11 eV) that is in excellent agreement with values deduced from conductivity measurements. Measured electron mobility can be explained in terms of nearest-neighbor electron hops without significant contribution from iron atoms further away. Comparison of the predicted maximum polaron binding energy with the predicted half bandwidth indicates compliance with the small-polaron condition. Therefore the localized electron treatment is appropriate to describe electron transport in this system. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rosso, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 67 TC 154 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 66 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 14 BP 6455 EP 6466 DI 10.1063/1.1558534 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660LP UT WOS:000181834900040 ER PT J AU Layson, AR Evans, JW Fournee, V Thiel, PA AF Layson, AR Evans, JW Fournee, V Thiel, PA TI The effect of common gases on nucleation of metal islands: The role of oxygen in Ag(100) homoepitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BY-LAYER GROWTH; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SURFACTANT; AG; AG/AG(100); AG(111); DIFFUSION; MOBILITY; AG(001); FILMS AB Preexposure to molecular oxygen gas, O-2,O-g, can have a strong effect on the nucleation and growth of Ag islands on Ag(100) at 250 K. At this temperature, molecular oxygen dissociates efficiently at kink sites on steps. Subsequent deposition of Ag produces a far lower density of Ag-ad islands than without oxygen. There is an associated increase in the Ag flux-scaling exponent, from 0.28 for the oxygen-free surface to 0.9 for the preexposed surface. Two-step deposition experiments show that species containing atomic oxygen diffuse freely across terraces and steps at this temperature and on the time scale of deposition. We hypothesize that the nucleating species contains both Ag and O, and that nucleation of islands is highly reversible (critical size i>>1). The diffusion of small islands, if it occurs, is not sufficient to explain the data. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Thiel, PA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 14 BP 6467 EP 6472 DI 10.1063/1.1558035 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660LP UT WOS:000181834900041 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Azad, S Wang, LQ Garcia, J Etxeberria, A Gonzalez, L AF Rodriguez, JA Azad, S Wang, LQ Garcia, J Etxeberria, A Gonzalez, L TI Electronic and chemical properties of mixed-metal oxides: Adsorption and reaction of NO on SrTiO3(100) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MGO THIN-FILMS; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TIO2(110) SURFACE; PLANE-WAVE; MGO(100); PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; SRTIO3(001); SO2 AB The interaction of NO with SrTiO3(100) surfaces was investigated using thermal desorption, photoemission, and first-principles density-functional calculations. The crystals used in the experiments exposed mainly (>80%) the TiO2-terminated face of SrTiO3(100). On the stoichiometric surfaces, the adsorption of NO was completely reversible at submonolayer coverages. Clear peaks for desorption of NO were found at 125 (multilayer state), 160, and 260 K, plus a long tail between 300 and 450 K. Desorption of N2O was detected only near 125 K with the multilayer of NO. DF calculations give adsorption energies of 14 and 6 kcal/mol for NO on the TiO2- and SrO-terminated faces of SrTiO3(100), which are consistent with the peaks at 260 and 160 K seen in thermal desorption. On the TiO2-terminated face of SrTiO3(100), there is substantial hybridization between the orbitals of NO and the oxide bands. This is not seen on the SrO-terminated face, where the large positive charge on the Sr sites leads to weak adsorption bonds. A reaction channel for the production of N2O and N-2 is opened by partially reducing the SrTiO3(100) surface. The cleavage of N-O bonds produces adatoms that quench vacancy states in the valence region and reduce the signals for Ti3+ and Ti2+ cations in core-level photoemission. DF calculations indicate that the adsorption of a NO single molecule over a vacancy site is a highly exothermic process (greater than or equal to70 kcal/mol) that leads to a large elongation (similar to0.20 Angstrom) but not a complete rupture of the N-O bond. The dissociation of this bond is facilitated by the addition of a second NO molecule and formation of an ON-NO dimer. The behavior of SrTiO3 illustrates the important effects that metal<---->oxygen<---->metal interactions can have on the electronic and chemical properties of a mixed-metal oxide. When dealing with the design or performance of ABO(3) perovskite catalysts, a simple extrapolation of the catalytic properties of the individual AO and BO2 oxides may not be a reliable approach. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov NR 70 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 14 BP 6562 EP 6571 DI 10.1063/1.1539864 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660LP UT WOS:000181834900051 ER PT J AU Van Ginhoven, RM Jonsson, H Peterson, KA Dupuis, M Corrales, LR AF Van Ginhoven, RM Jonsson, H Peterson, KA Dupuis, M Corrales, LR TI An ab initio study of self-trapped excitons in alpha-quartz SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POINT-DEFECTS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; CRYSTALLINE QUARTZ; SIO2; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SILICA; AL; LUMINESCENCE; VACANCIES; ELECTRON AB The structure and properties of self-trapped excitons (STE), were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and wave function-based [UHF, UMP2, CAS-SCF, and CCSD(T)] electronic structure methods. The DFT results were compared to those obtained using the different wave function-based electronic structure methods that treat the electron correlation and exchange with varying degrees of accuracy. The calculations were carried out on cluster configurations extracted from supercell DFT calculations of the STE in alpha-quartz. Two luminescent STEs were found, as well as a nonradiative state at a crossing of the singlet and triplet surfaces. One of the luminescent STEs is the same as that previously found by Fisher, Hayes, and Stoneham [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2, 6707 (1990)]. It was furthermore determined that the PW91 functional underestimates the energy of the triplet state, and that this error is greater with greater delocalization of the excess spin density of the state. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Van Ginhoven, RM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM hannes@u.washington.edu; rene.corrales@pnl.gov RI Jonsson, Hannes/G-2267-2013 OI Jonsson, Hannes/0000-0001-8285-5421 NR 39 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 14 BP 6582 EP 6593 DI 10.1063/1.1559139 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 660LP UT WOS:000181834900053 ER PT J AU Saraf, L Wang, CM Engelhard, MH Baer, DR AF Saraf, L Wang, CM Engelhard, MH Baer, DR TI Temperature-induced phase separation in chromium films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE CHROMIUM; THIN-FILMS; CR; MANGANITES; TIO2; SIZE AB Vacuum evaporation of chromium on Si(100) results in an interfacial nanophase layer followed by a mixed grain region. In this work, the mixed grain region in chromium is nearly transformed into a single-phase region, which resulted in a maximum phase separation between the nano-delta-A15 phase and bulk alpha-bcc chromium. It is achieved by creating a temperature gradient across the chromium-silicon interface by using rapid evaporation at a growth rate of similar to3 mum/min at a source-to-substrate (SS) distance of 2 cm. Separately grown nanophase chromium films at SS distance of 32 cm show a predominant delta-A15 phase. Short-SS-distance rapid evaporation has the potential to produce selective phase separation by combining the temperature gradient with interfacial stress. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saraf, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 14 BP 2230 EP 2232 DI 10.1063/1.1565686 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 663RH UT WOS:000182018800012 ER PT J AU Tixier, S Adamcyk, M Tiedje, T Francoeur, S Mascarenhas, A Wei, P Schiettekatte, F AF Tixier, S Adamcyk, M Tiedje, T Francoeur, S Mascarenhas, A Wei, P Schiettekatte, F TI Molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaAs1-xBix SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOY GAAS1-XBIX AB GaAs1-xBix epilayers with bismuth concentrations up to x = 3.1% were grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy. The Bi content in the films was measured by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction shows that GaAsBi is pseudomorphically strained to GaAs but that some structural disorder is present in the thick films. The extrapolation of the lattice constant of GaAsBi to the hypothetical zincblende GaBi alloy gives 6.33+/-0.06 Angstrom. Room-temperature photoluminescence of the GaAsBi epilayers is obtained and a significant redshift in the emission of GaAsBi of similar to84 meV per percent Bi is observed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, AMPEL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Tixier, S (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, AMPEL, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RI Francoeur, Sebastien/E-6614-2011 OI Francoeur, Sebastien/0000-0002-6129-7026 NR 9 TC 252 Z9 253 U1 6 U2 68 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 14 BP 2245 EP 2247 DI 10.1063/1.1565499 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 663RH UT WOS:000182018800017 ER PT J AU Ku, KC Potashnik, SJ Wang, RF Chun, SH Schiffer, P Samarth, N Seong, MJ Mascarenhas, A Johnston-Halperin, E Myers, RC Gossard, AC Awschalom, DD AF Ku, KC Potashnik, SJ Wang, RF Chun, SH Schiffer, P Samarth, N Seong, MJ Mascarenhas, A Johnston-Halperin, E Myers, RC Gossard, AC Awschalom, DD TI Highly enhanced Curie temperature in low-temperature annealed [Ga,Mn]As epilayers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; GA1-XMNXAS; (GA,MN)AS; TRANSPORT AB We report Curie temperatures up to 150 K in annealed Ga1-xMnxAs epilayers grown with a relatively low As:Ga beam equivalent pressure ratio. A variety of measurements (magnetization, Hall effect, magnetic circular dichroism and Raman scattering) suggest that the higher Curie temperature results from an enhanced free hole density. The data also indicate that, in addition to the carrier concentration, the sample thickness limits the maximum attainable Curie temperature in this material, suggesting that the free surface of Ga1-xMnxAs epilayers may be important in determining their physical properties. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spintron & Quantum Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Samarth, N (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Myers, Roberto/B-4431-2008; Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Johnston-Halperin, Ezekiel/B-5902-2012; Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014; wang, ruifang/D-3037-2016; OI Myers, Roberto/0000-0002-3695-2244; Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X; wang, ruifang/0000-0002-8456-9776; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549; Chun, Seung-Hyun/0000-0001-8397-4481 NR 20 TC 289 Z9 296 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 82 IS 14 BP 2302 EP 2304 DI 10.1063/1.1564285 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 663RH UT WOS:000182018800036 ER PT J AU Wheaton, V Majumdar, D Balasubramanian, K Chauffe, L Allen, PG AF Wheaton, V Majumdar, D Balasubramanian, K Chauffe, L Allen, PG TI A comparative theoretical study of uranyl silicate complexes SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; CHEMISTRY; MIGRATION; EXAFS; NEON; ION; AR AB Extensive ab initio calculations have been carried out to study the equilibrium structure, vibrational frequencies, and bonding characteristics of various uranyl (UO22+) and uranyl silicate complexes (UO2SiO4H2 and UO2Si2O7H4). The geometry optimization and calculated vibrational frequencies are discussed and compared to experiment. We have found two types of bridged structures for uranyl silicates consistent with the EXAFS study of U(VI) sorption onto silica gel, which revealed two different bridged structures at different U loadings. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Hayward, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 371 IS 3-4 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00237-9 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 662NP UT WOS:000181954000018 ER PT J AU Pan, ZW Zhu, HG Zhang, ZT Im, HJ Dai, S Beach, DB Lowndes, DH AF Pan, ZW Zhu, HG Zhang, ZT Im, HJ Dai, S Beach, DB Lowndes, DH TI Hierarchically ordered carbon tubes SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PATTERNED GROWTH; SOFT-LITHOGRAPHY; NANOTUBES; CATALYSTS AB Micropatterns of hierarchically ordered carbon tubes (i.e., ordered carbon microtubes composed of aligned carbon nanotubes) were grown on a film-like iron/silica substrate consisting of ring-like catalyst patterns. The substrates were prepared by a combined technique, in which the sol-gel method was used to prepare catalyst film and transmission electron microscope grids were used as a shadow mask. In comparison with other techniques that involve sophisticated lithography, this approach represents a simple and low-cost way to the micropatterning of aligned carbon nanotubes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Pan, Zhengwei/0000-0002-3854-958X NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 371 IS 3-4 BP 433 EP 437 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00298-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 662NP UT WOS:000181954000029 ER PT J AU Tachikawa, H Abe, S AF Tachikawa, H Abe, S TI Ozone-water 1 : 1 complexes O-3-H2O: An Ab initio study SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIMER AB Ab initio MO calculations have been carried out for the ozone-water 1:1 complexes in order to elucidate the structures and electronic state of the complexes. The QCISD calculations indicated that three structures are obtained as stable forms Of O-3-H2O. The most stable structure Of O-3-H2O has C, symmetry where the central oxygen Of O-3 and all atoms of H2O are located on the molecular C, plane. The dipole of H2O orients toward the central oxygen atom Of O-3 (i.e., dipole orientation form). The other two forms are cis and trans forms Of O-3-H2O where all atoms are located on the molecular plane, and a hydrogen of H2O binds to one of the terminal oxygen atoms Of O-3 by a hydrogen bond. The binding energies Of O-3 to H2O for dipole, cis, and trans forms are calculated to be 2.39, 2.27, and 2.30 kcal/mol, respectively, at the QCISD(T)/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//QCISD/6-311++G((d,p) level. The dipole orientation form is more stable in energy than the cis and trans forms. Rotational constants for the dipole orientation form are calculated to be A = 11.897, B = 4.177, and C = 3.318 GHz which are in good agreement with the experimental values (A = 11.961, B = 4.174, and C = 3.265 GHz). The electronic states Of O-3-H2O were discussed on the basis of theoretical results. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Chem, Div Mol Chem, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tachikawa, H (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Chem, Div Mol Chem, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. RI Tachikawa, Hiroto/F-7560-2012 NR 8 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2188 EP 2190 DI 10.1021/ic0207101 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 663WH UT WOS:000182029200006 PM 12665347 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Guzei, IA Angelici, RJ AF Reynolds, MA Guzei, IA Angelici, RJ TI Hydrogenation and carbon-sulfur bond hydrogenolysis of benzothiophene promoted by Re-2(CO)(10) and H4Re4(CO)(12) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; = H; CLUSTER; DESULFURIZATION; HYDRODESULFURIZATION; CRYSTAL; BENZOTHIOPHENE; DIBENZOTHIOPHENE; THIOPHENES; RE2(CO)10 AB In the search for metal complexes that promote the cleavage of C-S bonds in thiophenes, we observe that the reaction of Re-2-(CO)(10) and benzothiophene (BT) under a hydrogen atmosphere gives the trinuclear cluster Re-3(mu-H)(2)(mu(3)-S-2-EtC6H4)(mu-2,3-DHBT)(CO)(9) (1), which contains a hydrogenated BT ligand and a thiolate ligand resulting from the hydrogenation and cleavage of a C-S bond in BT. A detailed study of the reaction shows that Re-2(CO)(10) initially reacts with H-2 to give H3Re3(CO)(12), which subsequently converts to H4Re4(CO)(12), which finally reacts with BT to give 1. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2191 EP 2193 DI 10.1021/ic034035m PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 663WH UT WOS:000182029200007 PM 12665348 ER PT J AU Visser, AE Jensen, MP Laszak, I Nash, KL Choppin, GR Rogers, RD AF Visser, AE Jensen, MP Laszak, I Nash, KL Choppin, GR Rogers, RD TI Uranyl coordination environment in hydrophobic ionic liquids: An in situ investigation SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CROWN-ETHERS; TEMPERATURE; CHLORIDE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; CATION AB Different inner-sphere coordination environments are observed for the uranyl nitrate complexes formed with octyl-phenyl-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide and tributyl phosphate in dodecane and in the hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) [C(4)mim]-[PF6] and [C(8)mim][N(SO2CF3)(2)], Qualitative differences in the coordination environment of the extracted uranyl species are implied by changes in peak intensity patterns and locations for uranyl UV-visible spectral bands when the solvent is changed. EXAFS data for uranyl complexes in dodecane solutions is consistent with hexagonal bipyramidal coordination and the existence of UO2(NO3)(2)-(CMPO)(2). In contrast, the complexes formed when uranyl is transferred from aqueous nitric acid solutions into the ILs exhibit an average equatorial coordination number of approximately 4.5. Liquid/liquid extraction results for uranyl in both ILs indicate a net stoichiometry of UO2(NO3)(CIVIPO)(+). The concentration of the IL cation in the aqueous phase increases in proportion to the amount of UO2(NO3)(CMPO)(+) in the IL phase, supporting a predominantly cation exchange mechanism for partitioning in the IL systems. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Rogers, RD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RI Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 19 TC 157 Z9 164 U1 4 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2197 EP 2199 DI 10.1021/ic026302e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 663WH UT WOS:000182029200009 PM 12665350 ER PT J AU Medforth, CJ Haddad, RE Muzzi, CM Dooley, NR Jaquinod, L Shyr, DC Nurco, DJ Olmstead, MM Smith, KM Ma, JG Shelnutt, JA AF Medforth, CJ Haddad, RE Muzzi, CM Dooley, NR Jaquinod, L Shyr, DC Nurco, DJ Olmstead, MM Smith, KM Ma, JG Shelnutt, JA TI Unusual aryl-porphyrin rotational barriers in peripherally crowded porphyrins SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NONPLANAR NICKEL(II) PORPHYRINS; SUBSTITUTED PORPHYRINS; EXCITED-STATE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; METAL DEPENDENCE; DODECAPHENYLPORPHYRIN AB Previous studies of 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins have shown that the barrier for meso aryl-porphyrin rotation (DeltaG(ROT)(double dagger)) varies as a function of the core substituent M and is lower for a small metal (M = Ni) compared to a large metal (M = Zn) and for a dication (M = 4H(2+)) Versus a free base porphyrin (M = 2H). This has been attributed to changes in the nonplanar distortion of the porphyrin ring and the deformability of the macrocycle caused by the core substituent. In the present work, X-ray crystallography, molecular mechanics (MM) calculations, and variable temperature (VT) H-1 NMR spectroscopy are used to examine the relationship between the aryl-porphyrin rotational barrier and the core substituent M in some novel 2,3,5,7,8,10,12,13,15,17,18,20-dodecaarylpor-phyrins (DArPs), and specifically in some 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaphenylporphyrins (TArOPPs), where steric crowding of the peripheral groups always results in a very nonplanar macrocycle. X-ray structures of DArPs indicate differences in the nonplanar conformation of the macrocycle as a function of M, with saddle conformations being observed for M = Zn, 2H or M = 4H(2+) and saddle and/or ruffle conformations for M = Ni. VT NMR studies show that the effect of protonation in the TArOPPs is to increase DeltaG(ROT)(double dagger), which is the opposite of the effect seen for the TArPs, and MM calculations also predict a strikingly high barrier for the TArOPPs when M = 4H(2+). These and other findings suggest that the aryl-porphyrin rotational barriers in the DArPs are closely linked to the deformability of the macrocycle along a nonplanar distortion mode which moves the substituent being rotated out of the porphyrin plane. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Medforth, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Medforth, Craig/D-8210-2013; REQUIMTE, FMN/M-5611-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013; Smith, Kevin/G-1453-2011 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Medforth, Craig/0000-0003-3046-4909; Smith, Kevin/0000-0002-6736-4779 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 22252]; PHS HHS [BRTP01614] NR 83 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2227 EP 2241 DI 10.1021/ic010958a PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 663WH UT WOS:000182029200015 PM 12665356 ER PT J AU Shan, XP Ellern, A Guzei, IA Espenson, JH AF Shan, XP Ellern, A Guzei, IA Espenson, JH TI Syntheses and oxidation of methyloxorhenium(V) complexes with tridentate ligands SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RHENIUM-CATALYZED OXIDATION; OXYGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; PYRIDINE N-OXIDES; METHYLRHENIUM TRIOXIDE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SUBSTITUTION-REACTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; KINETICS; MECHANISM; METHYLTRIOXORHENIUM(VII) AB Four new methyloxorhenium(V) compounds were synthesized with these tridentate chelating ligands: 2-mercaptoethyl sulfide (abbreviated HSSSH), 2-mercaptoethyl ether (HSOSH), thioldiglycolic acid (HOSOH), and 2-(salicylideneamino)-benzoic acid (HONOH). Their reactions with MeReO3 under suitable conditions led to these products: MeReO-(SSS), 1, MeReO(SOS), 2, MeReO(OSO)(PAr3), 3, and MeReO(ONO)(PPh3), 4. These compounds were characterized spectroscopically and crystallographically. Compounds 1 and 2 have a five-coordinate distorted square pyramidal geometry about rhenium, whereas 3 and 4 are six-coordinate compounds with distorted octahedral structures. The kinetics of oxidation of 2 and 3 in chloroform with pyridine N-oxides follow different patterns. The oxidation of 2 shows first-order dependences on the concentrations of 2 and the ring-substituted pyridine N-oxide. The Hammett analysis of the rate constants gives a remarkably large and negative reaction constant, rho = -4.6. The rate of oxidation of 3 does not depend on the concentration or the identity of the pyridine N-oxide, but it is directly proportional to the concentration of water, both an accidental and then a deliberate cosolvent. The mechanistic differences have been interpreted as reflecting the different steric demands of five- and six-coordinate rhenium compounds. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2362 EP 2367 DI 10.1021/ic026174 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 663WH UT WOS:000182029200030 PM 12665371 ER PT J AU Gao, MC Hackenberg, RE Shiflet, GJ AF Gao, MC Hackenberg, RE Shiflet, GJ TI Thermodynamic assessment of the Al-Ni-Gd glass-forming system SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Al metallic glass; thermal analysis; calphad method ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; METALLIC GLASSES; ATOMIC SIZE; FORMABILITY; MODEL; LA AB The thermodynamics of the Al-Ni-Gd system in its Al-rich corner were assessed using the calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) approach. Parameters describing the Gibbs free energy of various phases of the Al-Ni-Gd systems were manually optimized in this study. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) of 46 alloys yielded critical temperatures pertaining to the solid-liquid equilibria. Model-calculated phase equilibria and phase boundaries gave good agreement with DTA data from this study. Calculations of phase fraction vs. temperature agreed closely with the microstructure of alloys cooled after isothermal holding at intermediate temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shiflet, GJ (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 353 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)01161-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 665VG UT WOS:000182141500023 ER PT J AU Markos, P Soukoulis, CM AF Markos, P Soukoulis, CM TI Transmission properties and effective electromagnetic parameters of double negative metamaterials SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LEFT-HANDED MATERIALS; MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION; PERMEABILITY; PERMITTIVITY; LOSSES; INDEX AB We analyze the transmission properties of double negative metamaterials (DNM). Numerical simulations, based on the transfer matrix algorithm, show that some portion of the electromagnetic wave changes its polarization inside the DNM structure. As the transmission properties depend strongly on the polarization, this complicates the interpretation of experimental and numerical data, both inside and outside of the pass band. From the transmission data, the effective permittivity, permeability and refractive index are calculated. In the pass band, we found that the real part of permeability and both the real and the imaginary part of the permittivity are negative. Transmission data for some new structures are also shown. Of particular interest is the structure with cut wires, which possesses two double negative pass bands. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dept Complex Phys Syst, Bratislava 84511, Slovakia. Res Ctr Crete, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM markos@savba.sk; soukoulis@ameslab.gov RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 29 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 7 PY 2003 VL 11 IS 7 BP 649 EP 661 DI 10.1364/OE.11.000649 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 665EE UT WOS:000182106000003 PM 19461777 ER PT J AU Ackerman, AS Toon, OB Stevens, DE Coakley, JA AF Ackerman, AS Toon, OB Stevens, DE Coakley, JA TI Enhancement of cloud cover and suppression of nocturnal drizzle in stratocumulus polluted by haze SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHIP TRACKS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SIMULATIONS; MICROPHYSICS; AEROSOLS; DYNAMICS; SHALLOW; ALBEDO; MODEL AB [1] Recent satellite observations indicate a significant decrease of cloud water in ship tracks, in contrast to an ensemble of in situ ship-track measurements showing no average change in cloud water relative to the surrounding clouds, and contrary to the expectation of cloud water increasing in polluted clouds. We find through large-eddy simulations of stratocumulus that the trend in the satellite data is likely an artifact of sampling only overcast clouds. The simulations instead show cloud cover increasing with droplet concentrations. The simulations also show that increases in cloud water from suppressing drizzle by increasing droplet concentrations are favored at night or at extremely low droplet concentrations. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94552 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ackerman, AS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012 OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253 NR 20 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 5 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 7 AR 1381 DI 10.1029/2002GL016634 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 667NK UT WOS:000182238100005 ER PT J AU Podust, LM Kim, Y Arase, M Neely, BA Beck, BJ Bach, H Sherman, DH Lamb, DC Kelly, SL Waterman, MR AF Podust, LM Kim, Y Arase, M Neely, BA Beck, BJ Bach, H Sherman, DH Lamb, DC Kelly, SL Waterman, MR TI The 1.92-angstrom structure of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) CYP154C1 - A new monooxygenase that functionalizes macrolide ring systems SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHETIC GENE-CLUSTER; MODULAR POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES; SACCHAROPOLYSPORA-ERYTHRAEA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 6-DEOXYERYTHRONOLIDE-B HYDROXYLASE; 14-ALPHA-STEROL DEMETHYLASE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; ERYTHROMYCIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CYTOCHROME P450ERYF AB Evolutionary links between cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, a superfamily of extraordinarily divergent heme-thiolate proteins catalyzing a wide array of NADPH/NADH- and O-2-dependent reactions, are becoming better understood because of availability of an increasing number of fully sequenced genomes. Among other reactions, P450s catalyze the site-specific oxidation of the precursors to macrolide antibiotics in the genus Streptomyces introducing regiochemical diversity into the macrolide ring system, thereby significantly increasing antibiotic activity. Developing effective uses for Streptomyces enzymes in biosynthetic processes and bioremediation requires identification and engineering of additional monooxygenases with activities toward a diverse array of small molecules. To elucidate the molecular basis for substrate specificity of oxidative enzymes toward macrolide antibiotics, the x-ray structure of CYP154C1 from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was determined (Protein Data Bank code 1GWI). Relocation of certain common P450 secondary structure elements, along with a novel structural feature involving an additional beta-strand transforming the five-stranded beta-sheet into a six-stranded variant, creates an open cleft-shaped substrate-binding site between the two P450 domains. High sequence similarity to macrolide monooxygenases from other microbial species translates into catalytic activity of CYP154C1 toward both 12- and 14-membered ring macrolactones in vitro. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Microbiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Coll Wales Aberystwyth, Inst Biol Sci, Wolfson Lab P450 Biodivers, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. RP Podust, LM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, 23rd South & Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00267, P30 ES00267]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM37942, GM48562] NR 61 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 14 BP 12214 EP 12221 DI 10.1074/jbc.M212210200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 663QF UT WOS:000182015700065 PM 12519772 ER PT J AU Cheung, YS Ng, CY Chiu, SW Li, WK AF Cheung, YS Ng, CY Chiu, SW Li, WK TI Application of three-center-four-electron bonding for structural and stability predictions of main group hypervalent molecules: the fulfillment of octet shell rule SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE the octet rule; hypervalent compound; three-center bonds ID SULFUR AB We show that the structures and stabilities of main group closed-shell hypervalent molecules with five and six valence electron pairs around the central atom can be satisfactorily rationalized using a three-center-four-electron (3c-4e) bonding scheme, together with the sp(2)- and sp-hybridizations, respectively. These bonding schemes eliminate the use of d-orbitals for the bonding description of the main group hypervalent species as required in the conventional sp(3)d- and sp(3)d(2)-hybridizations. The 3c-4e bonding schemes presented here are consistent with high-level ab initio calculations which show d-orbital participation in main group hypervalent molecules is insignificant, and are thus more correct than the sp(3)d- and sp(3)d(2)- hybridization schemes. An important conclusion based on the 3c-4e bonding schemes is that the central atom in these molecules, while seemingly in violation of the octet rule according to the electron-dot formula, actually fulfills the octet shell. The fulfillment of the octet electron shell for the central atom is achieved by discounting the non-bonding electrons which are localized at the ligands, and is interpreted as a factor in the stability of these closed-shell hypervalent molecules. To physically withhold the non-bonding electrons from being shared with the central atom, the electronegativity of the ligands must be significantly greater than that of the central atom. This minimizes the repulsive interactions between the non-bonding electron lobes and other bonded electron pairs. This conclusion is in accord with the experimental observation that nearly all stable main group hypervalent molecules have a central atom more electropositive than its ligands. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Studies, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Li, WK (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 623 BP 1 EP 10 AR PII S0166-1280(02)00589-4 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(02)00589-4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 654YC UT WOS:000181523700001 ER PT J AU Giedt, J AF Giedt, J TI Full component Lagrangian in the linear multiplet formulation of string-inspired effective supergravity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; PAULI-VILLARS REGULARIZATION; YANG-MILLS THEORIES; CHERN-SIMONS FORMS; GAUGINO CONDENSATION; DILATON STABILIZATION; ANOMALY CANCELLATION; LOCAL SUPERSYMMETRY; SUPERSPACE GEOMETRY; SUPERSTRING MODELS AB We compute the component field four-dimensional N = 1 supergravity Lagrangian that is obtained from a superfield Lagrangian in the U(I)(K) formalism with a linear dilaton multiplet. All fermionic terms are presented. In a variety of important ways, our results generalize those that have been reported previously, and are flexible enough to accommodate many situations of phenomenological interest in string-inspired effective supergravity, especially models based on orbifold compactifications of the weakly coupled heterotic string. We provide for an effective theory of hidden gaugino and matter condensation. We include supersymmetric Green-Schwarz counterterms associated with the cancellation of U(l) and modular duality anomalies; the modular duality counterterm is of a rather general form. Our assumed form for the dilaton Kahler potential is quite general and can accommodate Kahler stabilization methods. We note possible applications of our results. We also discuss the usefulness of the linear dilaton formulation as a complement to the chiral dilaton approach. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Giedt, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM giedt@physics.utoronto.ca NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 13 BP 3911 EP 3933 AR PII S0305-4470(03)38526-9 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/36/13/320 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 671VP UT WOS:000182485400024 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Colijn, AP Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S De Cecco, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fan, Q Fang, HC Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Gresele, A Grim, G Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hou, S Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lannon, K Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, T Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Napora, R Niell, F Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nigmanov, T Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Rescigno, M Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Ryan, D Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, H Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Snider, FD Snihur, R Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Spezziga, M Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wenzel, H Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Wolter, M Worm, S Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyss, J Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yi, K Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Colijn, AP Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S De Cecco, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fan, Q Fang, HC Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Gresele, A Grim, G Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hou, S Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lannon, K Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, T Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Napora, R Niell, F Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nigmanov, T Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Rescigno, M Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Ryan, D Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, H Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Snider, FD Snihur, R Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Spezziga, M Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wenzel, H Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Wolter, M Worm, S Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyss, J Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yi, K Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for long-lived charged massive particles in p(p)over-bar collision at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRY-BREAKING MODELS; HIGHER DIMENSIONS; STANDARD MODEL; HEAVY; SIGNALS; ANNIHILATION; CONSTRAINTS; PYTHIA-5.7; COLLIDER; FERMIONS AB We report a search for the production of long-lived charged massive particles in a data sample of 90 pb(-1) of roots = 1.8 TeV p (p) over bar collisions recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The search uses the muonlike penetration and anomalously high ionization energy loss signature expected for such a particle to discriminate it from backgrounds. The data are found to agree with background expectations, and cross section limits of O(1) pb are derived using two reference models, a stable quark and a stable scalar lepton. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15218 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Rome La Sapienza 1, Sez Roma, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Acosta, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014 OI Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; NR 32 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 13 AR 131801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.131801 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 663XQ UT WOS:000182032600005 ER PT J AU Carman, DS Joo, K Mestayer, MD Raue, BA Adams, G Ambrozewicz, P Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Armstrong, DS Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, SP Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Bennhold, C Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carnahan, B Cazes, A Cetina, C Ciciani, L Clark, R Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP DeSanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L DeVita, R Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Golovach, E Gordon, CIO Griffioen, K Grimes, S Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ishkhanov, B Ito, MM Jenkins, D Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Longhi, A Lukashin, K Manak, JJ Marchand, C Mart, T McAleer, S McCarthy, J McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morand, L Morrow, SA Mozer, MU Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Opper, AK Osipenko, M Park, K Paschke, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, P Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, J Sapunenko, V Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, LC Sober, DI Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z AF Carman, DS Joo, K Mestayer, MD Raue, BA Adams, G Ambrozewicz, P Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Armstrong, DS Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, SP Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Bennhold, C Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carnahan, B Cazes, A Cetina, C Ciciani, L Clark, R Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP DeSanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L DeVita, R Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Golovach, E Gordon, CIO Griffioen, K Grimes, S Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ishkhanov, B Ito, MM Jenkins, D Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Longhi, A Lukashin, K Manak, JJ Marchand, C Mart, T McAleer, S McCarthy, J McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Morand, L Morrow, SA Mozer, MU Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Opper, AK Osipenko, M Park, K Paschke, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, P Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, J Sapunenko, V Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, LC Sober, DI Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z CA CLAS Collaboration TI First measurement of transferred polarization in the exclusive (e)over-right-arrow-p -> e ' K+ (Lambda)over-right-arrow reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KAON PHOTOPRODUCTION; FORM-FACTORS; MODEL; ELECTROPRODUCTION; NUCLEON AB The first measurements of the transferred polarization for the exclusive (e) over right arrow p --> e'K+(Lambda) over right arrow reaction have been performed at Jefferson Laboratory using the CLAS spectrometer. A 2.567 GeV beam was used to measure the hyperon polarization over Q(2) from 0.3 to 1.5 (GeV/c)(2), W from 1.6 to 2.15 GeV, and over the full K+ center-of-mass angular range. Comparison with predictions of hadrodynamic models indicates strong sensitivity to the underlying resonance contributions. A nonrelativistic quark-model interpretation of our data suggests that the s (s) over bar quark pair is produced with spins predominantly antialigned. Implications for the validity of the most widely used quark-pair creation operator are discussed. C1 Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Indonesia, FMIPA, Depok 16424, Indonesia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Carman, DS (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RI Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Ishkhanov, Boris/E-1431-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Auger, Thierry/L-1073-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015 OI Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013 NR 20 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 13 AR 131804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.131804 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 663XQ UT WOS:000182032600008 PM 12689277 ER PT J AU Chertkov, M Lebedev, V AF Chertkov, M Lebedev, V TI Boundary effects on chaotic advection-diffusion chemical reactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE SCALAR; LAMELLAR SYSTEM; TURBULENCE; FLUCTUATIONS; STATISTICS; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; FLOW AB A theory of a fast binary chemical reaction, A + B -->, in a statistically stationary bounded chaotic flow at large Peclet number Pe and large Damkohler number Da is described. The first stage correspondent to formation of the developed lamellar structure in the bulk part of the flow is terminated by an exponential decay, proportional to exp(-lambdat) (where lambda is the Lyapunov exponent of the flow), of the chemicals in the bulk. The second and the third stages are due to the chemicals remaining in the boundary region. During the second stage, the amounts of A and B decay proportional to 1/roott,,whereas the decay law during the third stage is exponential, proportional to exp(-gammat), where gamma similar to lambda/rootPe. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 NR 28 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 13 AR 134501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 663XQ UT WOS:000182032600024 PM 12570491 ER PT J AU Harries, JR Sullivan, JP Sternberg, JB Obara, S Suzuki, T Hammond, P Bozek, J Berrah, N Halka, M Azuma, Y AF Harries, JR Sullivan, JP Sternberg, JB Obara, S Suzuki, T Hammond, P Bozek, J Berrah, N Halka, M Azuma, Y TI Double photoexcitation of helium in a strong dc electric field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE PHOTOIONIZATION; EXCITED-STATES; RADIATIVE DECAY; RESONANCES; EXCITATION AB We report the first experimental measurements of the effect of an applied field on the photoexcitation and autoionization of doubly excited states of helium. Ground-state photoionization spectra have been measured in the region below the He+ (N = 2) threshold with static electric fields of up to 84.4 kV/cm across the interaction region. The results are compared to the theoretical calculations of Chung et al. [J. Phys. B 34, 165 (2001)], which are the only calculations available in this regime. Transitions to several states in the N = 2, n = 6 manifold are assigned, and a wealth of new structure is observed. Our data show that many more series are mixed in by the field than those predicted by theory. C1 KEK, IMSS, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Western Australia, Dept Phys, Perth, WA 6907, Australia. Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ USA. RP Harries, JR (reprint author), KEK, IMSS, Photon Factory, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Sullivan, James/F-3040-2011; Harries, James/G-2336-2011; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Hammond, Peter/A-1666-2014 OI Sullivan, James/0000-0003-4489-4926; Harries, James/0000-0003-2173-0697; Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 13 AR 133002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.133002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 663XQ UT WOS:000182032600013 PM 12689282 ER PT J AU Hermann, RP Jin, RJ Schweika, W Grandjean, F Mandrus, D Sales, BC Long, GJ AF Hermann, RP Jin, RJ Schweika, W Grandjean, F Mandrus, D Sales, BC Long, GJ TI Einstein oscillators in thallium filled antimony skutterudites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-DYNAMICS AB Inelastic neutron scattering measurements on several Tl filled skutterudites (Tl(0.5)Co(3.5)Fe(0.5)Sb(12), Tl(0.8)Co(3)FeSb(12), and Tl(0.8)Co(4)Sb(11)Sn) all show a sharp peak in the vibrational density of states at 57 +/- 2 K, which is absent in the unfilled skutterudite CoSb(3). Heat capacity measurements on Tl(0.8)Co(4)Sb(11)Sn as compared to CoSb(3) are consistent with the presence of a localized vibrational mode associated with the "rattling" thallium atoms in this filled skutterudite compound. Both results are well described by a localized Einstein mode model with an Einstein temperature Theta(E) of 53 +/- 1 K. These data provide perhaps the clearest example of local mode behavior in a concentrated metallic system. C1 Univ Liege, Dept Phys, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Grandjean, F (reprint author), Univ Liege, Dept Phys, B5, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. EM fgrandjean@ulg.ac.be RI Hermann, Raphael/F-6257-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Hermann, Raphael/0000-0002-6138-5624; NR 9 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 13 AR 135505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.135505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 663XQ UT WOS:000182032600036 PM 12689305 ER PT J AU Lapenta, G AF Lapenta, G TI Solitonlike solutions of the Grad-Shafranov equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASARS AB A new class of solitonlike solutions is derived for the Grad-Shafranov (GS) equations. A mathematical analogy between the GS equation for MHD equilibria and the cubic Schrodinger equation for nonlinear wave propagation forms the basis to derive the new class of solutions. The solitonlike solutions are considered for their possible relevance to astrophysics and solar physics problems. We discuss how a solitonlike solution can be generated by a repetitive process of magnetic arcade stretching and plasmoid formation induced by the differential rotation of the solar photosphere or of an accretion disk. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lapenta, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp, Mail Stop K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 13 AR 135005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.135005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 663XQ UT WOS:000182032600030 PM 12689299 ER PT J AU Li, J Aranson, IS Kwok, WK Tsimring, LS AF Li, J Aranson, IS Kwok, WK Tsimring, LS TI Periodic and disordered structures in a modulated gas-driven granular layer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATED SAND; FLUIDIZED-BED; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; POWDER; WAVES; MODEL AB Experiments with a thin gas-fluidized granular layer revealed a sequence of well-defined transitions as the amplitude and frequency of the gas flow modulation are varied. The observed patterns include subharmonic squares and stripes, quasiperiodic and disordered structures. The wavelength of subharmonic patterns increases with the mean flow rate and decreases with the modulation frequency. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Nonlinear Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 13 AR 134301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.134301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 663XQ UT WOS:000182032600023 PM 12689292 ER PT J AU Wang, HH Han, CY Noh, DY Shin, KS Willing, GA Geiser, U AF Wang, HH Han, CY Noh, DY Shin, KS Willing, GA Geiser, U TI Thin films and surface patterning with BEDT-TTF based charge transfer salts SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE electrocrystallization; BEDT-TTF; self-assembly using surface chemistry; polycrystalline thin films; Raman spectroscopy ID MOLECULE AB Densely covered (ET)X, thin films can be selectively electrodeposited on gold electrodes. The insulating (ET)X, films are converted to (ET)(2)X conductive films through a novel conproportionation reaction. Both ET and ET salt patterns can be prepared with the PDMS stamping technique with use of an ET derivative with a dodecanethiol chain for surface derivatization. These solution procedures open up the possibility to prepare conductive and superconductive charge-transfer salt thin films as well as patterns. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Seoul Womens Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 139774, South Korea. RP Wang, HH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 137 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 1201 EP 1202 DI 10.1016/S03790-6779(02)00988-8 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QY UT WOS:000182533900155 ER PT J AU Hagel, J Wosnitza, J Pfleiderer, C Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Mohtasham, J Winter, RW Gard, GL AF Hagel, J Wosnitza, J Pfleiderer, C Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Mohtasham, J Winter, RW Gard, GL TI Pressure-dependent magnetoresistance studies of beta ''-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE organic superconductors; transport measurements; magnetotransport ID T-C; SUPERCONDUCTOR; KAPPA-(ET)(2)CU(NCS)(2) AB We report on the electronic transport properties of the organic superconductor beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 at high fields and under hydrostatic pressure. With increasing pressure the superconducting transition temperature decreases in line with a decreasing effective mass. The closed Fermi-surface (FS) area increases strongly but the FS topology remains unchanged. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Angew Phys, IAPD, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Hagel, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Angew Phys, IAPD, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RI Pfleiderer, Christian/P-3575-2014 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 137 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 1267 EP 1268 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00999-2 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QY UT WOS:000182533900186 ER PT J AU Wosnitza, J Hagel, J Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Mohtasham, J Winter, RW Gard, GL AF Wosnitza, J Hagel, J Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Mohtasham, J Winter, RW Gard, GL TI Unusual interlayer transport in quasi-two-dimensional organic metals SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE organic superconductors; transport measurements ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; SUPERCONDUCTOR AB The interlayer transport properties of the organic superconductor beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 are presented. The resistivity perpendicular to the highly conducting ET layers is about 100 times larger than compared to other quasi-two-dimensional ET salts. For a magnetic field parallel to the layers no peak could be resolved in the angle-dependent interlayer resistance which proved the coherent nature of transport in other ET salts. This and the absence of any further clear-cut proof for a coherent quasiparticle motion suggest an incoherent nature of the interlayer transport in beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Angew Phys, IAPD, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Wosnitza, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Angew Phys, IAPD, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 137 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 1269 EP 1270 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)01002-0 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QY UT WOS:000182533900187 ER PT J AU Shvachko, YN Wang, HH Williams, JM AF Shvachko, YN Wang, HH Williams, JM TI Inhomogeneous critical state in (ET)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) and (ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br under field cycling SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE organic superconductors; magnetic properties; EPR(ESR) AB In this contribution we investigate the superconducting state of single crystals kappa-(ET)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) and kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br by using the organic radical as a surface ESR probe. From ESR linewidth and multi probe line splitting we extract the information on the topology of the flux line condensate. It is found that cycling of the external magnetic field parallel to the lateral surface of crystal creates new type of the critical state. New critical state, which cannot be explained by existing theories, supposes inhomogeneous distribution of superconducting parameters in the bulk of superconductor. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shvachko, YN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 137 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 1325 EP 1326 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)01073-1 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QY UT WOS:000182533900211 ER PT J AU Hall, SB Yang, X Officer, DL Belcher, WJ Burrell, AK AF Hall, SB Yang, X Officer, DL Belcher, WJ Burrell, AK TI Glassy carbon based sensors SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE glassy carbon; diazonium grafting; electrochemical grafting; sensors; glucose; hydroquinone ID ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; DIAZONIUM SALTS; COVALENT MODIFICATION; SURFACES; ELECTRODES; OXIDATION AB Sensing moiteies may be covalently attached to glassy carbon by reduction of functionalised diazonium salts [1,2]. The attachment of glucose oxidase with a cinnamic acid linker provides an example of simple tethering using this technique. An electrode formed in this way exhibits little susceptibility to interference from ascorbic acid and 4-acetamidophenol. A pH-reponsive (56.18 mV decade(-1)) glassy carbon electrode is formed by grafting quinone groups to the electrode with stilbene linkers. C1 Massey Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hall, SB (reprint author), Massey Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RI Officer, David/D-8019-2012 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 137 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 1429 EP 1430 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)01165-7 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QY UT WOS:000182533900255 ER PT J AU Grant, DK Officer, DL Burrell, AK AF Grant, DK Officer, DL Burrell, AK TI Synthesis and polymerisation of fully conjugated polyether-substituted terthiophenes SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE polythiophene and derivatives; special-purpose functionalised conjugated polymers; electrochemical polymerisation; coupling reactions ID MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; POLYTHIOPHENES AB A range of 3'-styryl polyether-functionalised terthiophene monomers were synthesised via Horner-Emmons reactions, and electrochemical and chemical polymerizations were carried out on some of these compounds. Analysis of the products by UV/VIS, MALDI-MS and NMR revealed that they exclusively form 'head-to-head' dimers. This is an excellent synthetic method for producing regioregular polyether-substituted sexithiophenes. C1 Nutr & Hlth, Crop & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. Massey Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Grant, DK (reprint author), Nutr & Hlth, Crop & Food Res, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. RI Officer, David/D-8019-2012; OI Grant, Daina/0000-0001-6350-6912 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 135 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 103 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00873-1 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QW UT WOS:000182533700048 ER PT J AU Sheng, CX Polson, RC Vardeny, ZV Chinn, DA AF Sheng, CX Polson, RC Vardeny, ZV Chinn, DA TI Studies of pi-conjugated polymer coupled microlasers SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE dioctyloxy poly-phenlene vinylene; microdisk; resonance structure ID LASERS AB A resonance structure formed from two connected microdisks was fabricated on a film of dioctyloxy poly-phenlene vinylene (DOO-PPV). When optically excited above the laser threshold this structure showed multimode laser emission, which at high intensities form a whispering gallery (WG) mode that traverses both microdisks. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sheng, CX (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 135 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 147 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00583-0 PN 1 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QW UT WOS:000182533700067 ER PT J AU Tzamalis, G Zaidi, NA Homes, CC Monkman, AP AF Tzamalis, G Zaidi, NA Homes, CC Monkman, AP TI Doping dependent optical properties of polyaniline films SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE conjugated polymers; polyaniline and derivatives; reflection spectroscopy; metal-insulator phase transitions AB Infrared reflectivity measurements were performed on a series of polyaniline (PANT) samples with two different dopants acids at various doping levels. Typical fingerprints of a disordered metal such as a very high reflectivity in the far-infrared and a plasma resonance have been observed and analysed in the context of an Anderson-Mott conventional localization that was found to provide a consistent understanding of the optical and transport properties of the material. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Phys, OEM Res Grp, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tzamalis, G (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, OEM Res Grp, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RI Monkman, Andrew/B-1521-2013 OI Monkman, Andrew/0000-0002-0784-8640 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 135 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 369 EP 370 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00564-7 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QW UT WOS:000182533700172 ER PT J AU Noh, DY Han, YK Kang, W Kang, HY Geiser, U AF Noh, DY Han, YK Kang, W Kang, HY Geiser, U TI ET-based mixed-donor CT salt: [ET/MET/MT] (ReO4) SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE electrocrystallization; organic conductors based on radical cation salt; Electron Spin Resonance AB A new charge-transfer(CT) salt of the ET-based mixed-donor, [ET/MET/MT](ReO4), has been prepared by the electrocrystallization. This salt has been revealed to be a 1:1 salt by x-ray structure analysis and micro-Raman spectroscopy. EPR measurement gives g = 2.007 and DeltaH(pp)= 9.186 at 300K. It shows a semiconducting behavior with E-g = 92-110 meV depending on samples. C1 Seoul Womens Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 139774, South Korea. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Noh, DY (reprint author), Seoul Womens Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 139774, South Korea. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 135 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 519 EP 520 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00710-5 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QW UT WOS:000182533700243 ER PT J AU Konoike, T Iwashita, K Nakano, I Yoshino, H Sasaki, T Takahashi, T Nogami, Y Brooks, JS Graf, D Mielke, CH Papavassiliou, GC Murata, K AF Konoike, T Iwashita, K Nakano, I Yoshino, H Sasaki, T Takahashi, T Nogami, Y Brooks, JS Graf, D Mielke, CH Papavassiliou, GC Murata, K TI Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and low temperature electronic structure in tau-phase conductors SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE X-ray scattering; Hall effect; magnetotransport; organic conductors based on radical cation and/or anion salts AB tau-phase organic quasi-two-dimensional conductors have a 4-fold single Fermi surface (FS) from band calculation. At low temperature, the resistivity turns into semiconducting, whereas Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations have been observed. The amplitude of the oscillation is quite large because the system is near the quantum limit (N=2-state) under -27 T. The observed oscillations include two frequencies that are inconsistent with the band calculation. The reason of this discrepancy may be explained by the reconstruction of the FS. In this work, we examined very high magnetic field transport property up to 60 T and reconsider the low temperature crystal structure of this salt by diffuse X-ray study. C1 Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Gakushuin Univ, Fac Sci, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718588, Japan. Okayama Univ, Dept Phys, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. LANL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Theoret & Phys Chem Inst, Athens 11635, Greece. RP Konoike, T (reprint author), Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. RI Sasaki, Takahiko/F-1231-2010; NOGAMI, Yoshio/B-1502-2011; Mielke, Charles/S-6827-2016 OI Sasaki, Takahiko/0000-0002-0767-5428; Mielke, Charles/0000-0002-2096-5411 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 135 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 615 EP 616 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00797-X PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QW UT WOS:000182533700290 ER PT J AU Gao, JB Sansinena, JM Wang, HL AF Gao, JB Sansinena, JM Wang, HL TI Chemical vapor driven polyaniline sensor/actuators SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals (ICSM 2002) CY JUN 29-JUL 05, 2002 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA DE actuator; polyaniline; conducting polymer; artificial muscle ID ACTUATORS AB Porous polyaniline (PANI) asymmetric membranes were prepared using phase inversion technique and a density gradient was found along the cross-section of the membrane. A chemical vapor triggered monolithic actuator was constructed based on the PANI membrane. It was found that the monolithic actuator bends from dense side to porous side in organic vapor and recovers to its original position in air: The actuator shows different bending behavior in different vapors with the most extensive and the fastest bending movement observed in THF vapor. The bending-recovery movement is believed to be caused by the sorption-desorption of organic vapor, which leads to volume deformation that is density dependent. The dense side shows a greater volume expansion than the porous side after the sorption of organic vapors, which causes a bending movement towards then porous side, and the desorption of the organic vapor from the membrane prompts it to recover to its original position. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MSJ586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD APR 4 PY 2003 VL 135 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 809 EP 810 DI 10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00883-4 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 672QW UT WOS:000182533700379 ER PT J AU Jacobson, AR AF Jacobson, AR TI Relationship of intracloud lightning radiofrequency power to lightning storm height, as observed by the FORTE satellite SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE lightning; severe storms; thunderstorms; storm electrification; remote sensing ID PHOTODIODE DETECTOR; OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; RADIO-FREQUENCY; VHF SIGNALS; ORBIT; PARAMETERS; SYSTEMS; TROPICS; RATES AB [1] Prior studies have noted a strongly nonlinear enhancement of lightning flash rates with increasing cloud height. Here we report a related observation, of a tendency for increasing intracloud-discharge radiofrequency-emission power for increased height of the electrified cloud. The FORTE satellite's radio-frequency-receiver payload has performed extensive recordings of electromagnetic emissions of lightning discharges. The most commonly occurring such emission arises from intracloud electrical breakdown and is usually recognizable by a pulse followed by a delayed echo from the ground reflection. We have used other systems of lightning monitors to provide source locations for an extended data set of FORTE intracloud-discharge signals. The interpulse separation within each pulse pair yields the discharge height above the reflective ground. The storm in which the pulse occurs usually provides many (at least 50) recorded events. From the pattern of these events' heights, we can usually infer a capping height, which serves as an upper bound on the lightning discharge heights for that storm. We find that there is a strong statistical increase of effective radiated power of intracloud discharges, for increasing capping height of the parent storm. Thus a future satellite-based lightning monitor that triggers on only the most intense radiofrequency emissions will be strongly selective for electrified storms with very deep vertical development. Such storms are also indicated in severe convective weather. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobson, AR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D7 AR 4204 DI 10.1029/2002JD002956 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 667NP UT WOS:000182238800005 ER PT J AU Parish, HF Walterscheid, RL Jones, PW Lyons, LR AF Parish, HF Walterscheid, RL Jones, PW Lyons, LR TI Simulations of the thermospheric response to the diffuse aurora using a three-dimensional high-resolution model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE E region; neutral dynamics; diffuse aurora; tides; simulation ID MAPPING ELECTRODYNAMIC FEATURES; INCIDENT ELECTRON SPECTRUM; LATITUDE PLASMA CONVECTION; REGION NEUTRAL WINDS; NESTED-GRID MODEL; TIDAL VARIABILITY; LOCALIZED OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; RADAR OBSERVATIONS AB [1] Recent observations within the substorm recovery phase postmidnight diffuse aurora reveal phenomena that are not well understood. Strong neutral winds are seen within the postmidnight diffuse aurora in measurements from the series of Atmospheric Response in Aurora ( ARIA) campaigns, which show a great deal of vertical structure and large vertical shears. The ARIA observations also consistently show a peak in the wind magnitude between around 110 and 120 km, which has not been well explained, with a strong shear below the peak that is sometimes found to be unstable, with a Richardson number < 0.25. A three-dimensional (3-D) high-resolution model developed recently at UCLA has been used to perform simulations to try to understand the poorly explained phenomena found in the ARIA measurements. Model simulations show that large zonal and meridional winds can be produced in the region of the postmidnight diffuse aurora using auroral forcing parameters within the range of observations. A wind maximum is produced in the 110 - 120 km altitude range, within the same height range as the maxima found in the ARIA observations, using auroral forcing alone. When sufficiently high vertical resolution is used for auroral forcing parameters within the range of observations, the region below the peak may be unstable, with a Richardson number < 0.25. When simulations are performed with auroral forcing based on measurements from the ARIA I campaign, and background winds and tides are introduced from the Coupled Thermosphere - Ionosphere Plasmasphere (CTIP) model [Fuller-Rowell et al., 1987; Bailey et al., 1997], the basic features of the vertical structure of the ARIA I wind measurements are reproduced, although the magnitude of the peak around 115 km altitude is somewhat smaller than that observed. The 115 km peak is likely produced by a combination of auroral and tidal forcing processes. The vertical structure of the winds is sensitive to the phases of the tidal modes. Improvements in the ability of the model to simulate the observations from the ARIA campaign may be due to the use of the 3-D rather than a 2-D high-resolution model. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Parish, HF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A4 AR 1140 DI 10.1029/2002JA009610 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 667QH UT WOS:000182243900004 ER PT J AU Gregg, BA Chen, SG Ferrere, S AF Gregg, BA Chen, SG Ferrere, S TI Enhanced dye-sensitized photoconversion efficiency via reversible production of UV-induced surface states in nanoporous TiO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE FILMS; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHARGE RECOMBINATION KINETICS; OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR-FILMS; EXTERNALLY APPLIED BIAS; BAND-EDGE MOVEMENT; SOLAR-CELLS; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; NANOCRYSTALLINE; PHOTOCURRENT AB Brief UV illumination of dye-sensitized solar cells can result in a remarkable increase in their photoconversion efficiency (Ferrere, S; Greg, B. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001. 105, 7602). Further investigation of this phenomenon reveals that a major effect of UV illumination is to reversibly create a high concentration of photoactive surface states continuously distributed below the conduction bandedge in the nanoporous TiO2 films. The ability to create, and then eliminate, surface states allows, for the first time, a clear assessment of the influence of these states on the dye-sensitization process. Positive conduction bandedge (mobility edge) shifts apparently also result from UV illumination, and the difficulties in quantifying such shifts in functioning cells are discussed. We conclude that the major cause of the increased efficiency is the photoproduction of surface states that may improve photoinjection and carrier transport while possibly slowing the recombination rate. The creation of these surface states is strongly inhibited by the presence in the electrolyte solution of the Li+ ion, which is known to specifically adsorb to TiO2 surfaces. We present an in-depth characterization of the UV-induced changes in the dye-sensitized solar cell through comparisons of otherwise identical cells in LiI-containing solution and in tetrabutylammonium iodide-containing solution, before and after UV illumination. The "UV effect" is also observed in hydroquinone/benzoquinone solutions thus, it is not dependent on the presence of the I-/I-2, redox couple. Although surface states are usually deleterious for planar semiconductor electrodes, we show that a high density of surface states may be beneficial for the photoconversion process in nanoporous solar cells. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gregg, BA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 51 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 13 BP 3019 EP 3029 DI 10.1021/jp022000m PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 662AC UT WOS:000181922300023 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, S AF Chattopadhyay, S TI Leading edge lasers SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 422 IS 6931 BP 469 EP 469 DI 10.1038/422469c PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 662TW UT WOS:000181965400014 PM 12673223 ER PT J AU Moller, P Sierk, AJ AF Moller, P Sierk, AJ TI Nuclear physics - Into the fission valley SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moller, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM moller@moller.lanl.gov NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 422 IS 6931 BP 485 EP 486 DI 10.1038/422485a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 662TW UT WOS:000181965400026 PM 12673237 ER PT J AU Raufeisen, J AF Raufeisen, J TI Relating different approaches to nuclear broadening SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE dipole cross section; higher twists; nuclear broadening ID MULTIPLE PARTON SCATTERING; RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; DRELL-YAN PROCESS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; GLUON RADIATION; DEPENDENCE; PAIRS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENHANCEMENT C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jorgr@lanl.gov NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 557 IS 3-4 BP 184 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00205-3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 660HZ UT WOS:000181828900007 ER PT J AU Farzan, Y Smirnov, AY AF Farzan, Y Smirnov, AY TI On the effective mass of the electron neutrino in beta decay SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TROITSK NU-MASS; SPECTRUM; OSCILLATIONS; SCHEMES; SEARCH; LSND; CPT AB In the presence of mixing between massive neutrino states, the distortion of the electron spectrum in beta decay is, in general, a function of several masses and mixing angles. For 3nu-schemes which describe the solar and atmospheric neutrino data, this distortion can be described by a single effective mass, under certain conditions. In the literature, two different definitions for the effective mass have been suggested. We show that for quasi-degenerate mass schemes (with an overall mass scale in and splitting Deltam(2)) the two definitions coincide Up to (Deltam(2))(2)/m(4) corrections. We consider the impact of different effective masses on the integral energy spectrum. We show that the spectrum with a single mass can be used also to fit the data in the case of 4nu-schemes motivated, in particular, by the LSND results. In this case the accuracy of the mass determination turns out to be better than (10-15)%. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. RAS, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117901, Russia. RP SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. EM yasaman@slac.stanford.edu NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD APR 3 PY 2003 VL 557 IS 3-4 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00207-7 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 660HZ UT WOS:000181828900012 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Liu, CX Wu, H Yak, HK Wai, CM AF Lin, YH Liu, CX Wu, H Yak, HK Wai, CM TI Supercritical fluid extraction of toxic heavy metals and uranium from acidic solutions with sulfur-containing organophosphorus reagents SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLUORINATED BETA-DIKETONES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SOLID MATERIALS; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; IONS; LANTHANIDES; SEPARATION; CYANEX-302; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The feasibility of using sulfur-containing organophosphorus reagents for the chelation-supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of toxic heavy metals and uranium from acidic media was investigated. The SFE experiments were conducted in a specially designed flow-through liquid extractor. Effective extraction of the metal ions from various acidic media was demonstrated. The effect of the ligand concentration in supercritical CO2 on the kinetics of metal extraction was studied. A simplified model is used to describe the extraction kinetics, and good agreement of experimental data with the equilibrium-based model is achieved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Chung Yuan Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Chungli 320, Taiwan. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1400 EP 1405 DI 10.1021/ie020804i PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 661AX UT WOS:000181870000016 ER PT J AU Durham, WB Kirby, SH Stern, LA Zhang, W AF Durham, WB Kirby, SH Stern, LA Zhang, W TI The strength and rheology of methane clathrate hydrate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE gas hydrates; creep of ice; planetary ices; mechanical stability; Titan; Mars ID BEARING SEDIMENTS; BLAKE RIDGE; FLOW LAWS; ICE; GAS AB Methane clathrate hydrate (structure I) is found to be very strong, based on laboratory triaxial deformation experiments we have carried out on samples of synthetic, high-purity, polycrystalline material. Samples were deformed in compressional creep tests (i.e., constant applied stress, sigma), at conditions of confining pressure P = 50 and 100 MPa, strain rate 4.5 x 10(-8) less than or equal to (epsilon)over dot less than or equal to 4.3 x 10(-4) s(-1), temperature 260 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 287 K, and internal methane pressure 10 less than or equal to P-CH4 15 MPa. At steady state, typically reached in a few percent strain, methane hydrate exhibited strength that was far higher than expected on the basis of published work. In terms of the standard high-temperature creep law, (epsilon)over dot = Asigma(n)e(-(E*+ PV*)/RT) the rheology is described by the constants A = 10(8.55) MPa- s(-1), n = 2.2, E* = 90,000 J mol(-), and V* = 19 cm(3) mol(-). For comparison, at temperatures just below the ice point, methane hydrate at a given strain rate is over 20 times stronger than ice, and the contrast increases at lower temperatures. The possible occurrence of syntectonic dissociation of methane hydrate to methane plus free water in these experiments suggests that the high strength measured here may be only a lower bound. On Earth, high strength in hydrate-earing formations implies higher energy release upon decomposition and subsequent failure. In the outer solar system, if Titan has a 100-km-thick near-surface layer of high-strength, low-thermal conductivity methane hydrate as has been suggested, its interior is likely to be considerably warmer than previously expected. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-201,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM durham1@llnl.gov NR 34 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 7 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B4 AR 2182 DI 10.1029/2002JB001872 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 667WA UT WOS:000182256400003 ER PT J AU Daruka, I Hamilton, JC AF Daruka, I Hamilton, JC TI A two-component Frenkel-Kontorowa model for surface alloy formation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID PERIODIC DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; IMMISCIBLE METALS; GROWTH; STABILITY; NI(110); SYSTEMS; FILMS; AU AB It has been shown by recent experiments that bulk immiscible metals (e.g. Ag/Cu, Ag/Co and Au/Ni) can form binary alloys on certain surfaces where the substrate mediates the elastic misfits between the two components, thus relieving the elastic strain in the overlayer. These novel surface alloys exhibit a rich phase structure. We formulate a two-component Frenkel-Kontorova model in one dimension to study surface alloy formation. This model can naturally incorporate dislocation formation that plays a crucial role in determining the actual structure of the system. Using energy minimization calculations we provide a phase diagram in terms of average alloy composition and the energy of mixing. Monte Carlo simulations were also performed to study the structure and interaction of the emerging dislocations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Daruka, I (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 5, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1827 EP 1836 AR PII S0953-8984(03)55143-8 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/12/302 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 711BM UT WOS:000184718500007 ER PT J AU Lin, QS Feng, XQ AF Lin, QS Feng, XQ TI Computer simulation study of extrinsic defects in PbWO4 crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID LEAD TUNGSTATE CRYSTALS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DOPED PBWO4; SCINTILLATION CHARACTERISTICS; RADIATION HARDNESS; ABSORPTION-BAND; COLOR-CENTER; IMPROVEMENT; ORIGIN; DAMAGE AB This paper presents the results of a simulation study of extrinsic defects in lead tungstate crystal. The results reveal that monovalent ions preferentially enter the Pb sites, whereas pentavalent ions preferentially occupy the W sites, and both of them will simultaneously produce oxygen vacancies to keep the charge neutrality. The solution energy of trivalent dopants is a strong function of the dopant's cation radius. They generally occupy the Pb sites, with the excessive charge mainly balanced by lead vacancies. In some cases, however, an oxygen interstitial ion might also coexist. Binding energy calculations demonstrate a strong tendency toward cluster formation of the trivalent dopant ions and the lead vacancies. The relationship between the aliovalent doping and the improvement of PbWO4 (PWO) scintillation properties are discussed. This work enables us to comprehend the doping mechanism of PWO and has predicative value. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. RP Lin, QS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 344 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lin, Qisheng/F-7677-2010 OI Lin, Qisheng/0000-0001-7244-7213 NR 42 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1963 EP 1973 AR PII S0953-8984(03)56513-4 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/12/313 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 711BM UT WOS:000184718500018 ER PT J AU Singleton, J Mielke, CH Hayes, W Schlueter, JA AF Singleton, J Mielke, CH Hayes, W Schlueter, JA TI Anomalous behaviour of the in-plane electrical conductivity of the layered superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Letter ID HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; BEDT-TTF; ELECTRODYNAMICS; TRANSITION; QUANTUM; METALS AB The apparent quasiparticle scattering rates in high-quality crystals of the quasi-two-dimensional superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)CU(NCS)(2) are studied using the Shubnikov-de Haas effect and megahertz penetration-depth experiments. The width of the superconducting transition observed in the megahertz experiments, taken in conjunction with the field dependence of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, gives evidence that the broadening of the Landau levels is primarily caused by spatial inhomogeneities. This indicates a quasiparticle lifetime for the Landau states much greater than3 ps. The megahertz data can also be used to derive an apparent scattering time (0.14-0.56 ps) from the skin depth. This is much shorter than the Landau-state lifetime, in strong contrast to the expectations of Landau Fermi-liquid theory. The simplest explanation for the data is that only a fraction of the crystal contributes to the metallic conductivity, an observation which may be related to the recently observed 'glassy' transition in kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, TA-35,MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 12 BP L203 EP L211 AR PII S0953-8984(03)56469-4 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/12/103 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 711BM UT WOS:000184718500003 ER PT J AU Shin, YGK Newton, MD Isied, SS AF Shin, YGK Newton, MD Isied, SS TI Distance dependence of electron transfer across peptides with different secondary structures: The role of peptide energetics and electronic coupling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RATES; CYTOCHROME-C; TUNNELING PATHWAYS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; ALPHA-HELIX; INTERVENING MEDIUM; BETA-SHEET; PROTEINS; COMPLEXES; SYSTEMS AB The charge-transfer transition energies and the electronic-coupling matrix element, \H-DA\, for electron transfer from aminopyridine (ap) to the 4-carbonyl-2,2'-bipyridine (cbpy) in cbpy-(gly)(n)-ap (gly = glycine, n = 0-6) molecules were calculated using the Zerner's INDO/S, together with the Cave and Newton methods. The oligopeptide linkages used were those of the idealized protein secondary structures, the alpha-helix, 3(10)-helix, beta-strand, and polyproline I- and II-helices. The charge-transfer transition energies are influenced by the magnitude and direction of the dipole generated by the peptide secondary structure. The electronic coupling \H-DA\ between (cbpy) and (ap) is also dependent on the nature of the secondary structure of the peptide. A plot of 2-ln\H-DA\ versus the charge-transfer distance (assumed to be the dipole moment change between the ground state and the charge-transfer states) showed that the polyproline II structure is a more efficient bridge for long-distance electron-transfer reactions (beta = 0.7 Angstrom(-1)) than the other secondary structures (beta approximate to 1.3 Angstrom(-1)). Similar calculations on charged dipeptide derivatives, [CH3CONHCH2CONHCH3](+/-), showed that peptide-peptide interaction is more dependent on conformation in the cationic than in the anionic dipeptides. The alpha-helix and polyproline II-helix both have large peptide-peptide interactions (\H-DA\ > 800 cm(-1)) which arise from the angular dependence of their pi-orbitals. Such an interaction is much weaker than in the beta-strand peptides. These combined results were found to be consistent with electron-transfer rates experimentally observed across short peptide bridges in polyproline II (n = 1-3). These results can also account for directional electron transfer observed in an alpha-helical structure (different ET rates versus the direction of the molecular dipole). C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kean Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Union, NJ 07083 USA. RP Newton, MD (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 939, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. NR 77 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 13 BP 3722 EP 3732 DI 10.1021/ja020358q PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 660YM UT WOS:000181863200025 PM 12656602 ER EF