FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wind, RA Hu, JZ Rommereim, DN AF Wind, RA Hu, JZ Rommereim, DN TI High-resolution H-1 NMR spectroscopy in a live mouse subjected to 1.5 Hz magic angle spinning SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE high-resolution H-1 spectroscopy; in vivo NMR; magic angle turning; magic angle spinning; PHORMAT ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; RAT-LIVER; H-1; GRADIENT; SOLIDS; SAMPLES; TISSUE; FIELD AB It is demonstrated that the resolution of the H-1 NMR metabolite spectrum in a live mouse can be significantly enhanced by an ultraslow magic angle spinning of the animal combined with a modified phase-corrected magic angle turning (PHORMAT) pulse sequence. Proton NMR spectra were measured of the torso and the top part of the belly of a female BALBc mouse in a 2 T field while spinning the animal at a speed of 1.5 Hz. It was found that even in this relatively low field, with PHORMAT an isotropic spectrum is obtained with line widths that are a factor of 4.6 smaller than those obtained in a stationary mouse. It is concluded that in vivo PHORMAT has the potential to significantly increase the utility of H-1 NMR spectroscopy for biochemical and biomedical animal research. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wind, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1113 EP 1119 DI 10.1002/mrm.10650 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 750LE UT WOS:000186991500001 PM 14648558 ER PT J AU Yankeelov, TE Rooney, WD Li, X Springer, CS AF Yankeelov, TE Rooney, WD Li, X Springer, CS TI Variation of the relaxographic "shutter-speed" for transcytolemmal water exchange affects the CR bolus-tracking curve shape SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE shutter-speed; CR bolus-tracking; intracellular water lifetime ID CONTRAST-ENHANCED MRI; GD-DTPA RELAXIVITY; IN-VIVO; BLOOD-VOLUME; PERFUSION MEASUREMENTS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BREAST-TUMORS; DYNAMIC MRI; DIFFUSION; PERMEABILITY AB Contrast reagents (CRs) may enter the tissue interstitium for a period after a vascular bolus injection. As the amount of interstitial CR increases, the longitudinal relaxographic NMR "shutter-speed" (T-1) for the equilibrium transcytolemmal water exchange process increases. The quantity T-1 is given by \r(10)[CRo] + R-1o0 - R-1i\ (where r(1o) and [CRo] represent the interstitial (extracellular) CR relaxivity and concentration, respectively, and R-1o0 and R-1i are the extra- and intracellular (H2O)-H-1 relaxation rate constants, respectively, in the absence of exchange). The increase of T-1 with [CRo] causes the kinetics of the water exchange equilibrium to appear to decrease. Here, analytical theory for two-site-exchange processes is combined with that for pharmacokinetic CR delivery, extraction, and distribution in a method termed BOLus Enhanced Relaxation Overview (BOLERO(C)). The shutter-speed effect alters the shape of the bolus-tracking (B-T) time-course. It is shown that this is mostly accounted for by the inclusion of only one additional parameter, which measures the mean intracellular lifetime of a water molecule. Simulated and real data demonstrate that the effect of shutter-speed variation on pharmacokinetic parameters can be very significant: neglecting this effect can lead to an underestimation of the parameter values by 50%. This phenomenon can be heterogeneous. Within a tiny gliosarcoma implanted in the rat brain, the interstitial CR in the tumor core never rises to a level sufficient to cause apparent slowing of the exchange process. However, within the few microns needed to reach the proliferating rim, this occurs to a significant degree. Thus, even relative pharmacokinetic quantities can be incorrectly represented in a parametric map that neglects this effect. The BOLERO analysis shows promise for in vivo vascular phenotyping in pathophysiology. It also includes a provision for approximating the separation of the perfusion and permeability contributions to CR extravasation. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Springer, CS (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Adv Imaging Res Ctr, 3181 Sam Jackson Pk Rd SW,Mail Code L452, Portland, OR 97239 USA. OI Springer, Charles/0000-0002-5966-2135 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01-EB00422]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM32125]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01-NS40801] NR 49 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1169 DI 10.1002/mrm.10624 PG 19 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 750LE UT WOS:000186991500006 PM 14648563 ER PT J AU Williams, ML Ilas, D Sajo, E Jones, DB Watkins, KE AF Williams, ML Ilas, D Sajo, E Jones, DB Watkins, KE TI Deterministic photon transport calculations in general geometry for external beam radiation therapy SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE photon beam; therapy planning; Boltzmann equation; deterministic computations ID SYSTEM AB A deterministic method is described for performing three-dimensional (3D) photon transport calculations of a LINAC head and phantom/patient geometry to obtain dose distributions for therapy planning. The space, energy, and directional-dependent photon flux density is obtained by numerically solving the Boltzmann equation in general 3D geometry using the method of characteristics. The deterministic transport calculations use similar ray tracing routines as found in Monte Carlo (MC) codes. A special treatment is developed to better represent the impact of scattering from accelerator head components. Equations are presented for computing the water kerma distribution due to the uncollided and collided photon flux density field in the patient region. Kerma results obtained from the deterministic computation are compared to Monte Carlo values for a variety of source spectra and field sizes. The agreement for kerma values in the beam is usually within the MC uncertainties. It is concluded that the deterministic method is a rigorous, first-principles approach that could provide a superior alternative to Monte Carlo calculations for some types of problems. However additional development is needed to provide capability for 3D electron transport calculations. (C) 2003 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Med Phys Grp, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. TransWare Enterprises Inc, San Jose, CA 95123 USA. RP Williams, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Ilas, Dan/0000-0002-4971-9476 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3183 EP 3195 DI 10.1118/1.1621135 PG 13 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 756GE UT WOS:000187456800016 PM 14713085 ER PT J AU Stephens, JJ Hosking, FM Headley, TJ Hlava, PF Yost, FG AF Stephens, JJ Hosking, FM Headley, TJ Hlava, PF Yost, FG TI Reaction layers and mechanisms for a Ti-activated braze on sapphire SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC EVALUATION; ALUMINA; SYSTEM; JOINTS; ALLOY AB A study was conducted to understand the wetting phenomena observed in brazing of a Ti-containing active filler metal on sapphire substrates. The goal of the study was to understand the interfacial reactions that permit wetting of commercial Ag-Cu-Ti active filler metal to pure alumina, despite the lower thermodynamic stability of TiO2 relative to Al2O3. Based upon transmission electron microscope, electron microprobe, and Auger analyses, it is proposed that two coupled reactions and diffusion of reactants take place. The oxides TiO, Ti2O, and Cu3Ti3O were observed at the braze/ceramic interface. It is suggested that the complex oxide Cu3Ti3O grows at its interface with TiO, and the oxide TiO is produced by reaction of Ti and sapphire and is subsequently consumed at its interface with Cu3Ti3O. It is also suggested that Ti2O forms from Ti and TiO while cooling from the brazing cycle. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stephens, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 19 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 34A IS 12 BP 2963 EP 2972 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0195-9 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 753QC UT WOS:000187241200025 ER PT J AU Mataya, MC Nilsson, ER Brown, EL Krauss, G AF Mataya, MC Nilsson, ER Brown, EL Krauss, G TI Hot working and recrystallization of as-cast 317L SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; BEHAVIOR; PHASE; DEFORMATION; ALLOY AB Stress-strain behavior and microstructure evolution during hot working of as-cast austenitic stainless steel alloy 317L is investigated by uniaxial compression of cylindrical specimens at a strain rate of 1 s(-1) over the temperature range 1000degreesC to 1150degreesC and up to a strain of one. The measured flow curves show little strain hardening, attributed in part to the high stacking fault energy (SFE) of the alloy. Dynamic recrystallization is not observed. Static recrystallization is observed to nucleate within the austenite matrix in the dendrite cores at dislocation microbands and in austenite immediately adjacent to a vermicular microconstituent, composed primarily of sigma and austenite and, occasionally, some delta ferrite. The recrystallization kinetics of 317L are retarded compared to as-cast 316L steel. The relatively sluggish recrystallization behavior is attributed in part to the higher SFE of 317L, which favors recovery over recrystallization, and in part to gradients in chemical composition and SFE, not found in 316L, in the dendritic microstructure. Thus, in the austenite near the interphase boundary, with high SFE, recovery initially replaced recrystallization, in contrast to recrystallization in the austenite more distant from the boundary. The recrystallization kinetics of both as-cast 317L and 316L were relatively slow compared to wrought stainless steels of comparative grain size and SFE, presumably due to the crystallographic texture and associated relatively low flow stress in the former materials. A kinetic model for recrystallization in as-cast 317L is developed and utilized to simulate evolution of the first cycle of recrystallization during various thermal-mechanical treatment schedules typically employed during primary breakdown of as-cast material. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, ASPPRC, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EB Sci Enterprises, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Emeritius, Colorado Sch Mines, Met & Mat Engn Dept, Golden, CO USA. RP Mataya, MC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 34A IS 12 BP 3021 EP 3041 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0201-2 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 753QC UT WOS:000187241200031 ER PT J AU Rivard, JDK Sabau, AS Blue, CA Ohriner, EK Jayaraman, N AF Rivard, JDK Sabau, AS Blue, CA Ohriner, EK Jayaraman, N TI Thermophysical properties of roll-compacted nickel sheet for high-density infrared sheet fabrication SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID NICKEL; EMISSIVITY AB This work is focused on the analysis of the high-density infrared (HDI) sheet fabrication process of powder compacts. Measurements of material properties and distribution of incident heat flux on processed powder sheet surfaces have been conducted with the aim of obtaining a complete set of data that can be used as input in computer simulation software. It was found that these materials exhibit significant anisotropy in thermal conductivity. Indirect measurements indicate that there are small variations in density across the thickness of the powder compacts. Temperature data were obtained from thermocouples placed on the backside of the sheet. The evolution of thermal profile during a static pulse was investigated by using a three-dimensional finite volume model. Numerical simulation results are very sensitive to the surface emissivity. Numerical simulation results agree very well with experimental results for the case in which no liquid pool was formed during HDI processing. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Rivard, JDK (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 34A IS 12 BP 3043 EP 3054 DI 10.1007/s11661-003-0202-1 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 753QC UT WOS:000187241200032 ER PT J AU Diebold, AC Foran, B Kisielowski, C Muller, DA Pennycook, SJ Principe, E Stemmer, S AF Diebold, AC Foran, B Kisielowski, C Muller, DA Pennycook, SJ Principe, E Stemmer, S TI Thin dielectric film thickness determination by advanced transmission electron microscopy SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE thin films; HR-TEM; STEM; thickness determination ID SUB-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; ADF STEM; CRYSTALS; RETRIEVAL; CONTRAST; KV AB High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) has been used as the ultimate method of thickness measurement for thin films. The appearance of phase contrast interference patterns in HR-TEM images has long been confused as the appearance of a crystal lattice by nonspecialists. Relatively easy to interpret crystal lattice images are now directly observed with the introduction of annular dark-field detectors for scanning TEM (STEM). With the recent development of reliable lattice image processing software that creates crystal structure images from phase contrast data, HR-TEM can also provide crystal lattice images. The resolution of both methods has been steadily improved reaching now into the sub-Angstrom region. Improvements in electron lens and image analysis software are increasing the spatial resolution of both methods. Optimum resolution for STEM requires that the probe beam be highly localized. In STEM, beam localization is enhanced by selection of the correct aperture. When STEM measurement is done using a highly localized probe beam, HR-TEM and STEM measurement of the thickness of silicon oxynitride films agree within experimental error. In this article, the optimum conditions for HR-TEM and STEM measurement are discussed along with a method for repeatable film thickness determination. The impact of sample thickness is also discussed. The key result in this article is the proposal of a reproducible method for film thickness determination. C1 Int SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Diebold, AC (reprint author), Int SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RI Stemmer, Susanne/H-6555-2011; Muller, David/A-7745-2010 OI Stemmer, Susanne/0000-0002-3142-4696; Muller, David/0000-0003-4129-0473 NR 47 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 493 EP 508 DI 10.1017/S1431927603030629 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 748FR UT WOS:000186852300003 PM 14750984 ER PT J AU Pan, LW Yuen, P Lin, L Garcia, EJ AF Pan, LW Yuen, P Lin, L Garcia, EJ TI Flip chip electrical interconnection by selective electroplating and bonding SO MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on High Aspect Ratio Micro Structure Technology (HARMST 01) CY JUN 17-19, 2001 CL BADEN BADEN, GERMANY AB This work presents a parallel electrical interconnection process by means of flip-chip, selective electroplating and bonding. The electrical interconnection lines are built on a glass substrate made of 500/2000 Angstrom of Cr/Au with 3150 mum in length and 10 mum in width. Two silicon chips are processed as the device chips to be electrically interconnected. It has been demonstrated that 98 out of 102 interconnects are established in parallel with a successful rate of 96% and the average resistance of the electroplating bond is 12 Ohm. This process has potential applications in replacing the conventional, serial wire bonding or tape automated bonding (TAB) process for massive interconnection requirements in IC or MEMS devices. Reliability test is also performed by putting the interconnects into boiling liquid nitrogen (-195 degreesC) repeatedly. It is found that 100% of the interconnects survive after 2 cycles of the quenching process. C1 Univ Michigan, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pan, LW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0946-7076 J9 MICROSYST TECHNOL JI Microsyst. Technol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s00542-002-0189-3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 756VT UT WOS:000187505100002 ER PT J AU Farquhar, ML Wogelius, RA Charnock, JM Wincott, P Tang, CC Newville, M Eng, PJ Trainor, TP AF Farquhar, ML Wogelius, RA Charnock, JM Wincott, P Tang, CC Newville, M Eng, PJ Trainor, TP TI Surface oxidation of rhodonite: structural and chemical study by surface scattering and glancing incidence XAS techniques SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE X-ray scattering; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; oxidation; dissolution; rhodonite ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; FELDSPAR; MODEL; FE AB Oxidative dissolution of a primary Mn-silicate phase (rhodonite) was studied via synchrotron X-ray techniques. The study was designed to combine the element-specific chemical technique of Glancing Incidence X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (GIXAS) with the surface structural technique of X-ray scattering in order to produce the first depth resolved study of Mn-silicate low-temperature reactivity. A chemo-mechanically polished polycrystalline rhodonite sample was characterized and then reacted with pH 3.5 nitric acid. The surface originally had a mosaic structure and 15.5 (+/-1) Angstrom r.m.s. roughness. Surface composition was not measurably different from bulk rhodonite before reaction, indicating that the surface preparation regimen had not produced an altered surface. After 1 h of reaction, the roughness of the mineral surface decreased and reflectivity oscillations developed, resulting from the formation of a leached layer. This layer was 74.7 (+/-2) Angstrom thick with an electron density equal to 72% of that of bulk rhodonite (equal to the loss of similar to1 in 2. Mn atoms). Both the primary and the buried interfaces had similar roughnesses; 4.9 and 4.5 (+/-1.0) Angstrom, respectively. Diffuse scatter indicated that the correlation length between surface features also decreased. The GIXAS analysis showed that the Mn remaining in the surface had become oxidized, with the degree of oxidation decreasing as a function of depth. Oxidation penetrated at least 140 Angstrom into the structure. A further 2.5 h of reaction at pH 3.5 caused dissolution of the leached layer and reduced the thickness of this altered region to 16.0 (+/-2) Angstrom, while surface roughness increased slightly to 6.2 ( +/-1.0) Angstrom. Depletion of Mn in this region increased only slightly relative to the first reaction step; the electron density was 67% that of bulk rhodonite, equivalent to the loss of 2 in 3 Mn atoms. The thickness of the oxidized region however, persisted. Analysis by XPS on the same specimen corroborates the X-ray results. C1 Univ Manchester, Dept Earth Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. CLRC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, GSECARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wogelius, RA (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Earth Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM Roy.Wogelius@man.ac.uk RI Wogelius, Roy/C-4917-2008 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON SW7 5HR, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1205 EP 1219 DI 10.1180/0026461036760159 PG 15 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 776TC UT WOS:000189132500008 ER PT J AU Lue, NF Lin, YC Mian, IS AF Lue, NF Lin, YC Mian, IS TI A conserved telomerase motif within the catalytic domain of telomerase reverse transcriptase is specifically required for repeat addition processivity SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TETRAHYMENA TELOMERASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MAMMALIAN TELOMERASE; YEAST TELOMERASE; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; SUBUNIT GENE; IN-VITRO; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEXES AB Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase responsible for the maintenance of one strand of the telomere terminal repeats. The catalytic protein subunit of the telomerase complex, known as TERT, possesses a reverse transcriptase (RT) domain that mediates nucleotide addition. The RT domain of TERT is distinguishable from retroviral and retrotransposon RTs in having a sizable insertion between conserved motifs A and B', within the so-called fingers domain. Sequence analysis revealed the existence of conserved residues in this region, named IFD (insertion in fingers domain). Mutations of some of the conserved residues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae TERT (Est2p) abolished telomerase function in vivo, testifying to their importance. Significant effects of the mutations on telomerase activity in vitro were observed, with most of the mutants exhibiting a uniform reduction in activity regardless of primer sequence. Remarkably, one mutant manifested a primer-specific defect, being selectively impaired in extending primers that form short hybrids with telomerase RNA. This mutant also accumulated products that correspond to one complete round of repeat synthesis, implying an inability to effect the repositioning of the DNA product relative to the RNA template that is necessary for multiple repeat addition. Our results suggest that the ability to stabilize short RNA-DNA hybrids is crucial for telomerase function in vivo and that this ability is mediated in part by a more elaborate fingers domain structure. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, WR Hearst Microbiol Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lue, NF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, WR Hearst Microbiol Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 53 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 23 IS 23 BP 8440 EP 8449 DI 10.1128/MCB.23.23.8440-8449.2003 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 744FY UT WOS:000186618300004 PM 14612390 ER PT J AU Walden, H Podgorski, MS Huang, DT Miller, DW Howard, RJ Minor, DL Holton, JM Schulman, BA AF Walden, H Podgorski, MS Huang, DT Miller, DW Howard, RJ Minor, DL Holton, JM Schulman, BA TI The structure of the APPBP1-UBA3-NEDD8-ATP complex reveals the basis for selective ubiquitin-like protein activation by an E1 SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID MODIFICATION PATHWAY; NEDD8 MODIFICATION; CUE DOMAIN; ENZYME; BINDING; SYSTEM; SUMO; CONJUGATION; MECHANISM; YEAST AB E1 enzymes initiate ubiquitin-like protein (ubl) transfer cascades by catalyzing adenylation of the ubl's C terminus. An E1's selectivity for its cognate ubl is essential because the E1 subsequently coordinates the ubi with its correct downstream pathway. We report here the structure of the 120 kDa quaternary complex between human APPBP1-UBA3, a heterodimeric E1, its ubi NEDD8, and ATP. The E1 selectively recruits NEDD8 through a bipartite interface, involving a domain common to all ubl activating enzymes including bacterial ancestors, and also eukaryotic E1-specific sequences. By modeling ubiquitin into the NEDD8 binding site and performing mutational analysis, we identify a single conserved arginine in APPBP1-UBA3 that acts as a selectivity gate, preventing misactivation of ubiquitin by NEDD8's E1. NEDD8 residues that interact with E1 correspond to residues in ubiquitin important for binding the proteasome and other ubiquitin-interacting proteins, suggesting that the conjugation and recognition machineries have coevolved for each specific ubl. C1 St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Biol Struct, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Genet Tumor Cell Biol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Cardiovasc Res, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Cellular & Mol Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schulman, BA (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Biol Struct, 332 N Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM brenda.schulman@stjude.org FU NCI NIH HHS [P30CA21765]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01GM69530] NR 56 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1427 EP 1437 DI 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00452-0 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 756XT UT WOS:000187511600012 PM 14690597 ER PT J AU Gu, S Chen, J Dobos, KM Bradbury, EM Belisle, JT Chen, X AF Gu, S Chen, J Dobos, KM Bradbury, EM Belisle, JT Chen, X TI Comprehensive proteomic profiling of the membrane constituents of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; YEAST PROTEOME; H37RV; GENE; ANTIGENS; GENOMES; TIME; TOOL AB Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an infectious microorganism that causes human tuberculosis. The cell membranes of pathogens are known to be rich in possible diagnostic and therapeutic protein targets. To compliment the M. tuberculosis genome, we have profiled the membrane protein fraction of the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain using an analytical platform that couples one-dimensional SDS gels to a microcapillary liquid chromatography-nanospray-tandem mass spectrometer. As a result, 739 proteins have been identified by two or more distinct peptide sequences and have been characterized. Interestingly, similar to450 proteins represent novel identifications, 79 of which are membrane proteins and more than 100 of which are membrane-associated proteins. The physicochemical properties of the identified proteins were studied in detail, and then biological functions were obtained by sorting them according to Sanger Institute gene function category. Many membrane proteins were found to be involved in the cell envelope, and those proteins with energy metabolic functions were also identified in this study. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, B-2,MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Belisle, John/B-8944-2017; Dobos, Karen/D-1170-2017 OI Belisle, John/0000-0002-2539-2798; Dobos, Karen/0000-0001-7115-8524 NR 40 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1284 EP 1296 DI 10.1074/mcp.M300060-MCP200 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 753VH UT WOS:000187250900004 PM 14532352 ER PT J AU Croshaw, DA Glenn, TC AF Croshaw, DA Glenn, TC TI Seven polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci from the red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE microsatellites; newts; Notophthalmus viridescens; PCR primers; SSR; STR ID GENE AB We describe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and amplification conditions for seven microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). Primers were tested on 16 individuals from two populations on the Savannah River Site in Aiken County, South Carolina. We detected six to 10 alleles per locus and an overall observed heterozygosity range of 0.31-0.81. Despite low heterozygosity at two of the seven loci, the high polymorphic information contents (from 0.54 to 0.85) of these markers render them useful for future studies of the behavioural and population ecology of this common salamander. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Croshaw, DA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 514 EP 516 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00496.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 755KJ UT WOS:000187401800010 ER PT J AU Tsyusko-Omeltchenko, OV Schable, NA Smith, MH Glenn, TC AF Tsyusko-Omeltchenko, OV Schable, NA Smith, MH Glenn, TC TI Microsatellite loci isolated from narrow-leaved cattail Typha angustifolia SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE dinucleotide repeats; microsatellite; PCR; primer; radiation; Typha angustifolia; Typha latifolia; Ukraine ID DNA AB We present 11 dinucleotide microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia) and describe conditions for their amplification. The PCR primers were tested on at least 20 individuals of Typha angustifolia and T. latifolia from two Ukrainian populations per species. The primers amplify loci with relatively high numbers of alleles (averaging 7.22 and 4.95 alleles per locus in T. angustifolia and T. latifolia, respectively), and polymorphic information content (averaging 0.61 and 0.46 in T. angustifolia and T. latifolia, respectively). C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Inst Ecol, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Tsyusko-Omeltchenko, OV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Inst Ecol, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; OI Tsyusko, Olga/0000-0001-8196-1062 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 535 EP 538 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00502.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 755KJ UT WOS:000187401800016 ER PT J AU Tomasulo-Seccomandi, AM Schable, NA Bryan, AL Brisbin, IL Del Lama, SN Glenn, TC AF Tomasulo-Seccomandi, AM Schable, NA Bryan, AL Brisbin, IL Del Lama, SN Glenn, TC TI Development of microsatellite DNA loci from the wood stork (Aves, Ciconiidae, Mycteria americana) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE dinucleotide repeats; microsatellite; Mycteria americana; primer; SSR; tetranucleotide repeats; trinucleotide repeats; wood stork ID GENETIC-VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS AB We isolated 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci for wood stork (Mycteria americana). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and conditions are described for the amplification of five dinucleotide, one trinucleotide and five tetranucleotide microsatellite loci. The PCR primers were tested on two wood stork populations, Fazenda Ipiranga, Mato Grosso, Brazil (n = 11) and Tamiami West, Everglades, Florida, USA (n = 20). The primers yielded two to four alleles per locus, an observed heterozygosity of 0.0-0.727 and a polymorphic information content of 0.048-0.604. The low level of polymorphism for these markers is consistent with previous studies of this species. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 10 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 563 EP 566 DI 10.1046/j.1471.8286.2003.00512.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 755KJ UT WOS:000187401800025 ER PT J AU Fokidis, HB Schable, NA Hagen, C Glenn, TC Risch, TS AF Fokidis, HB Schable, NA Hagen, C Glenn, TC Risch, TS TI Characterization of microsatellite DNA loci for the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE dinucleoticle repeats; Glaucomys volans; microsatellite; polymerase chain reaction; primer; tetranucleotide repeats AB Polymerase chain reaction primers for microsatellite DNA loci (one dinucleotide, four tetranucleotide and two compound) and the conditions necessary to amplify each are described for the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans). These primers were tested on 22 or more individuals from a population at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. These microsatellite primers yielded a high allelic diversity (6-22 alleles/locus), and moderate to high observed heterozygosities (0.318-0.826). Primers developed for the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) were also tested for use on G. volans, with only two successful cross amplifications from the seven loci. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Fokidis, HB (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; Fokidis, Bobby/I-8366-2015 OI Fokidis, Bobby/0000-0003-2386-4066 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 616 EP 618 DI 10.1046/j.1471.8286.2003.00530.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 755KJ UT WOS:000187401800041 ER PT J AU Croshaw, DA Glenn, TC AF Croshaw, DA Glenn, TC TI Polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci from the southern dusky salamander (Desmognathus auriculatus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Desmognathus auriculatus; dusky salamanders; microsatellites; polymerase chain reaction primers; short tandem repeat; simple sequence repeat ID LIFE-HISTORY; PLETHODONTIDAE; PHYLOGENETICS; POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; CAUDATA AB We describe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and amplification conditions for seven tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the southern dusky salamander (Desmognathus auriculatus). Primers were tested on 16 individuals from one population in Aiken County, South Carolina. We detected an average of 6.57 alleles per locus, an observed heterozygosity range of 0.44-0.94, and high polymorphic information contents (mean of 0.68). C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70184 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Croshaw, DA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 623 EP 625 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00533.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 755KJ UT WOS:000187401800043 ER PT J AU Eberling, JL Cunningham, J Pivirotto, P Bringas, J Daadi, MM Bankiewicz, KS AF Eberling, JL Cunningham, J Pivirotto, P Bringas, J Daadi, MM Bankiewicz, KS TI In vivo PET imaging of gene expression in parkinsonian monkeys SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Letter ID DELIVERY; DISEASE; VECTOR; MPTP C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Avigen Inc, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Eberling, JL (reprint author), 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 55-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 8 IS 6 BP 873 EP 875 DI 10.1016/j.ymthe.2003.09.013 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 752QG UT WOS:000187178200007 PM 14664788 ER PT J AU Rains, WO Counce, RM AF Rains, WO Counce, RM TI Liquidus curves of AgNO3(aq) calculated from the modified adsorption isotherm model for aqueous electrolytes SO MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE LA English DT Article DE activity coefficients; aqueous electrolytes; Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET); adsorption isotherm, eutectic ID CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; BET MODEL; WATER; SYSTEM; SALT AB The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm as modified by Robinson and Stokes is used to calculate the liquidus curve of AgNO3(aq) including the eutectic point and metastable phases. The simplified approach described here predicts the liquidus curves by using sparse data and readily available constants. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rains, WO (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0026-9247 J9 MONATSH CHEM JI Mon. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 134 IS 12 BP 1541 EP 1544 DI 10.1007/s00706-003-0595-y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 752DL UT WOS:000187131700004 ER PT J AU Xu, HL Svanberg, S Cowan, RD Lefebvre, PH Quinet, P Biemont, E AF Xu, HL Svanberg, S Cowan, RD Lefebvre, PH Quinet, P Biemont, E TI Theoretical and experimental lifetime and oscillator strength determination in singly ionized neodymium (Nd II) SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; stars : chemically peculiar ID RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ASTROPHYSICAL INTEREST; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; BORDER REGIONS; AM DOMAIN; PR-II; YB-II; STARS; ABUNDANCES AB Radiative lifetime measurements were performed with time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence techniques for 24 levels of Nd II in the energy range 20 500- 32 500 cm(-1). For 17 levels, no previous experimental data exist. These results have allowed the testing of new theoretical calculations with the relativistic Hartree-Fock method taking configuration interactions and core-polarization effects into account, and a satisfying agreement has been found for this complex ion. A new set of calculated oscillator strengths, accurate within a few per cent for the strongest transitions, is presented for 107 lines of astrophysical interest appearing in the wavelength range 358.0-1100.0 nm. These results will be useful to evaluate abundance values of neodymium in chemically peculiar stars in relation with cosmochronology. C1 Lund Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Liege, IPNAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. RP Xu, HL (reprint author), Lund Inst Technol, Dept Phys, POB 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM E.Biemont@ulg.ac.be RI Xu, Huailiang/A-6011-2008 NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 346 IS 2 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07107.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745QE UT WOS:000186698700014 ER PT J AU Linder, EV Jenkins, A AF Linder, EV Jenkins, A TI Cosmic structure growth and dark energy SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gravitation; methods : numerical; cosmological parameters ID MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; COSMOLOGICAL MODELS; HIERARCHICAL-MODELS; CLUSTER ABUNDANCE; GALAXY FORMATION; POWER SPECTRUM; MASS FUNCTION; MERGER RATES; SIMULATIONS; UNIVERSE AB Dark energy has a dramatic effect on the dynamics of the Universe, causing the recently discovered acceleration of the expansion. The dynamics are also central to the behaviour of the growth of large-scale structure, offering the possibility that observations of structure formation provide a sensitive probe of the cosmology and dark energy characteristics. In particular, dark energy with a time-varying equation of state can have an influence on structure formation stretching back well into the matter-dominated epoch. We analyse this impact, first calculating the linear perturbation results, including those for weak gravitational lensing. These dynamical models possess definite observable differences from constant equation of state models. Then we present a large-scale numerical simulation of structure formation, including the largest volume to date involving a time-varying equation of state. We find the halo mass function is well described by the Jenkins et al. mass function formula. We also show how to interpret modifications of the Friedmann equation in terms of a time-variable equation of state. The results presented here provide steps toward realistic computation of the effect of dark energy in cosmological probes involving large-scale structure, such as cluster counts, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect or weak gravitational lensing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Linder, EV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EVLinder@lbl.gov; A.R.Jenkins@durham.ac.uk OI Jenkins, Adrian/0000-0003-4389-2232 NR 52 TC 205 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 346 IS 2 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07112.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745QE UT WOS:000186698700026 ER PT J AU Sperber, KR AF Sperber, KR TI Propagation and the vertical structure of the Madden-Julian oscillation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; MOISTURE CONVERGENCE; HEAT FLUXES; LIFE-CYCLE; TOGA COARE; WARM POOL; CONVECTION AB The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) dominates tropical variability on time scales of 30-70 days. During the boreal winter-spring it is manifested as an eastward propagating disturbance, with a strong convective signature over the Eastern Hemisphere. The space-time structure of the MJO is described using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer outgoing longwave radiation, observed sea surface temperature, and the Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation. Empirical orthogonal function analysis is used to identify the convective signature of the MJO, and regression is used to identify key relationships with the convection. Compared to analyzing successive years of data, the selection of years of strong MJO activity results in a more robust lead-lag structure and an increase in explained variance. The MJO exhibits a rich vertical structure, with low-level moisture convergence being well defined when the convective anomalies are strong, and there is evidence that free-tropospheric processes also play a role in the MJO life cycle. The westward vertical tilt is most apparent over the western Pacific. Over the Indian Ocean the system is more vertically stacked, principally because of the strong subsidence of the inactive phase of the MJO, which lies to the east of the convection. As the Kelvin wave decouples from the convection near the date line, a sea level low pressure surge, previously discussed by A. J. Matthews, transits the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Here the link of the zonal wind stress and low-level divergence to the pressure surge is explored. The pressure gradient gives rise to westerlies that propagate rapidly to the east, and it may play role in the development of the MJO convection in the western Indian Ocean, which occurs in an easterly basic state, and conditions not consistent with the low-level moisture convergence paradigm. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diagn & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sperber, KR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diagn & Intercomparison, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 NR 56 TC 122 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 131 IS 12 BP 3018 EP 3037 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<3018:PATVSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 749FG UT WOS:000186908100008 ER PT J AU Hess, H Matzke, CM Doot, RK Clemmens, J Bachand, GD Bunker, BC Vogel, V AF Hess, H Matzke, CM Doot, RK Clemmens, J Bachand, GD Bunker, BC Vogel, V TI Molecular shuttles operating undercover: A new photolithographic approach for the fabrication of structured surfaces supporting directed motility SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROTUBULE MOVEMENTS; MOTOR PROTEIN; KINESIN; TRACKS; DRIVEN; PARAMETERS; DIAMETER; MOTION; NERVE AB The integration of active transport into nanodevices greatly expands the scope of their applications. Molecular shuttles represent a nanoscale transport system driven by biomolecular motors that permits the transport of molecular cargo under user-control and along predefined paths. Specifically, we utilize functionalized microtubules as shuttles, which may be transported by kinesin motor proteins along photolithographically defined tracks on a surface. While it was thought that efficient guiding along these tracks requires a combination of surface chemistry and topography, we show here that channel-like tracks with a particular wall geometry can be created to efficiently guide microtubules in the absence of selectively adsorbed motor proteins. This new wall geometry consists of an undercut 200 nm high at the bottom of the channel wall fabricated by image reversal photolithography using AZ5214 photoresist. Microtubules move unencumbered in the undercut, suggesting applications for nanofluidic systems and for in vitro motility assays mimicking the restricted environment characteristic of intracellular transport. Because adsorbed kinesin supports motility on top and bottom surfaces of the guiding channels, this guiding mechanism may serve as a first step toward the development of three-dimensional architectures. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM hhess@u.washington.edu RI Hess, Henry/A-5224-2008; Vogel, Viola/O-8025-2015 OI Hess, Henry/0000-0002-5617-606X; Vogel, Viola/0000-0003-2898-7671 NR 25 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1651 EP 1655 DI 10.1021/nl0347435 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 753BF UT WOS:000187211000007 ER PT J AU Beard, MC Turner, GM Murphy, JE Micic, OI Hanna, MC Nozik, AJ Schmuttenmaer, CA AF Beard, MC Turner, GM Murphy, JE Micic, OI Hanna, MC Nozik, AJ Schmuttenmaer, CA TI Electronic coupling in InP nanoparticle arrays SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; LOCALIZATION; MONOLAYERS; RELAXATION; SOLIDS; STATE; FILMS AB Arrays and lattices formed from nanoparticles (NPs) present unique opportunities for new optoelectronic materials whose properties can be tuned by controlling the size of the individual NPs and their interparticle separation to effect strong inter-NP electronic coupling. Characterization of the interdot coupling as a function of interdot distance is essential. Using time-resolved THz spectroscopy, we report a six-fold increase in the transient photoconductivity in disordered arrays of 3.2 nm diameter InP NPs separated by 0.9 nm compared to arrays with 1.8 nm separation. Photoconductivity in the arrays is compared to that of isolated NPs and InP epilayers. The epilayer samples exhibit bulk transport behavior while the NP samples do not. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nozik, AJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Chem, 225 Prospect St,POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016; OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355 NR 24 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1695 EP 1699 DI 10.1021/nl0346777 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 753BF UT WOS:000187211000015 ER PT J AU Bunker, BC Kim, BI Houston, JE Rosario, R Garcia, AA Hayes, M Gust, D Picraux, ST AF Bunker, BC Kim, BI Houston, JE Rosario, R Garcia, AA Hayes, M Gust, D Picraux, ST TI Direct observation of photo switching in tethered spiropyrans using the interfacial force microscope SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB The interfacial force microscope has been used to establish the changes in the surface chemistry that accompany photoactivated opening and closing of rings in tethered spiropyran monolayers. Contact potential measurements show that ring opening via ultraviolet light creates a more polar surface, while exposure to visible light closes the rings and resets the surface. Normal force measurements show that open ring structures are protonated in electrolyte solutions, amplifying the switching of electrical double-layer forces. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Picraux, ST (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 14 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1723 EP 1727 DI 10.1021/nl034759v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 753BF UT WOS:000187211000020 ER PT J AU Kannan, B Castelino, K Majumdar, A AF Kannan, B Castelino, K Majumdar, A TI Design of nanostructured heterojunction polymer photovoltaic devices SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE; ACCEPTOR; CELLS AB Solar cells made from blends of conjugated polymers and nanostructured inorganic materials are an important class of organic photovoltaic devices. However, there has been no systematic theoretical analysis of their operation and performance. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to analyze the performance of two classes of heterojunction solar cells composed of ordered nanostructures. Based on the simulations, we conclude that in order to obtain reasonable efficiencies, the size and spacing of the nanostructures must be on the order of the exciton diffusion length scale. Possible quantum and other confinement effects are qualitatively discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1729 EP 1733 DI 10.1021/nl034810v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 753BF UT WOS:000187211000021 ER PT J AU Yang, XJ Guillorn, MA Austin, D Melechko, AV Cui, HT Meyer, HM Merkulov, VI Caughman, JBO Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML AF Yang, XJ Guillorn, MA Austin, D Melechko, AV Cui, HT Meyer, HM Merkulov, VI Caughman, JBO Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML TI Fabrication and characterization of carbon nanofiber-based vertically integrated Schottky barrier junction diodes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS; NANOTUBES; GROWTH; NANOSTRUCTURES; CELLS AB We report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of active nanoscale electronic devices using single vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs). A rectifying behavior consistent with a 0.3 eV Schottky barrier was found. Experimental results indicate that a region of semiconducting SIC Is formed directly beneath the VACNF during the growth process, creating the Schottky-barrier junction between this semiconductor material and the metallic carbon nanofibers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nanostruct & Thin Film Mat Phys Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Simpson, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1751 EP 1755 DI 10.1021/nl0346631 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 753BF UT WOS:000187211000025 ER PT J AU Herrick, JA AF Herrick, JA TI Federal project financing incentives for green industries: Renewable energy and beyond SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The federal government, through the U.S. Department of Energy, has been promoting the development and emergence of viable domestic renewable energy and energy efficiency industries through numerous administrations. This Article discusses the types of legal instruments used by the federal government to provide incentives and assistance to aid in the development of green technologies that are targeted for potential commercialization in the future energy marketplace. The relative merits of those respective instruments and the need for Congress to set out green energy priorities in comprehensive energy policy legislation in the near future are discussed. C1 US DOE, Golden, CO USA. Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Herrick, JA (reprint author), US DOE, Golden, CO USA. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCHOOL OF LAW 1117 STANFORD N E, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD WIN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 77 EP 109 PG 33 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 704XX UT WOS:000184367900003 ER PT J AU Zeytun, A Jeromin, A Scalettar, BA Waldo, GS Bradbury, ARM AF Zeytun, A Jeromin, A Scalettar, BA Waldo, GS Bradbury, ARM TI Fluorobodies combine GFP fluorescence with the binding characteristics of antibodies (Retracted Article. See vol 22, pg 601, 2004) SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Retracted Publication ID SINGLE-CHAIN ANTIBODIES; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PROTEIN SCAFFOLD; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PHAGE; EXPRESSION; LIBRARIES; DISPLAY; LIGANDS; SURFACE AB The difficulty of deriving binding ligands to targets identified by genomic sequencing has led to a bottleneck in genomic research. By inserting diverse antibody binding loops into four of the exposed loops at one end of green fluorescent protein (GFP), we have mimicked the natural antibody binding footprint to create robust binding ligands that combine the advantages of antibodies (high affinity and specificity) with those of GFP (intrinsic fluorescence, high stability, expression and solubility). These `fluorobodies' have been used effectively in enzyme- linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, arrays and gel shift assays, and show affinities as high as antibodies. Furthermore, the intrinsic fluorescence of fluorobodies correlates with binding activity, allowing the rapid determination of functionality, concentration and affinity. These properties render them especially suitable for the high- throughput genomic scale selections required in proteomics, as well as in diagnostics, target validation and drug development. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Div Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Phys, Portland, OR 97219 USA. RP Bradbury, ARM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, HRL-1 TA-43 MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM waldo@telomere.lanl.gov; amb@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM061539] NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1473 EP 1479 DI 10.1038/nbt911 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 748CT UT WOS:000186845200025 PM 14608366 ER PT J AU Raty, JY Galli, G AF Raty, JY Galli, G TI Ultradispersity of diamond at the nanoscale SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CARBON CLUSTERS; THIN-FILMS; GRAPHITIZATION; GRAPHITE; SURFACES; KINETICS; NANODIAMONDS; DEPOSITION AB Nanometre-sized diamond has been found in meteorites(1), protoplanetary nebulae(2) and interstellar dusts(3), as well as in residues of detonation(4) and in diamond films(5,6). Remarkably, the size distribution of diamond nanoparticles seems to be peaked around 2-5 nm, and to be largely independent of preparation conditions. We have carried out ab initio calculations of the stability of nanodiamond as a function of surface hydrogen coverage and of size. We have found that at about 3 nm, and for a broad range of pressures and temperatures, particles with bare, reconstructed surfaces become thermodynamically more stable than those with hydrogenated surfaces, thus preventing the formation of larger grains. Our findings provide an explanation of the size distribution of extraterrestrial and of terrestrial nanodiamond found in ultradispersed and ultracrystalline diamond films. They also provide an atomistic structural model of these films, based on the topology and structure of 2-3-nm dimond clusters consisting of a diamond core surrounded by a fullerene-like carbon network(7). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liege, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. RP Raty, JY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 12 BP 792 EP 795 DI 10.1038/nmat1018 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 748CC UT WOS:000186843800014 PM 14634641 ER PT J AU Salleo, A Taylor, ST Martin, MC Panero, WR Jeanloz, R Sands, T Genin, FY AF Salleo, A Taylor, ST Martin, MC Panero, WR Jeanloz, R Sands, T Genin, FY TI Laser-driven formation of a high-pressure phase in amorphous silica SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FUSED-SILICA; STISHOVITE; SIO2; SPECTROSCOPY; QUARTZ AB Because of its simple composition, vast availability in pure form and ease of processing, vitreous silica is often used as a model to study the physics of amorphous solids. Research in amorphous silica is also motivated by its ubiquity in modern technology, a prominent example being as bulk material in transmissive and diffractive optics for high-power laser applications such as inertial confinement fusion (ICF)(1,2). In these applications, stability under high-fluence laser irradiation is a key requirement(3), with optical breakdown occurring when the fluence of the beam is higher than the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the material(3). The optical strength of polished fused silica transmissive optics is limited by their surface LIDT3. Surface optical breakdown is accompanied by densification(4), formation of point defects(5), cratering, material ejection, melting and cracking(3). Through a combination of electron diffraction and infrared reflectance measurements we show here that synthetic vitreous silica transforms partially into a defective form of the high-pressure stishovite phase under high-intensity (GW cm(-2)) laser irradiation. This phase transformation offers one suitable mechanism by which laser-induced damage grows catastrophically once initiated, thereby dramatically shortening the service lifetime of optics used for high-power photonics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salleo, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Panero, Wendy/C-9602-2009; Sands, Timothy/D-2133-2009 OI Sands, Timothy/0000-0001-9718-6515 NR 30 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 12 BP 796 EP 800 DI 10.1038/nmat1013 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 748CC UT WOS:000186843800015 PM 14595406 ER PT J AU Tian, ZRR Voigt, JA Liu, J McKenzie, B McDermott, MJ Rodriguez, MA Konishi, H Xu, HF AF Tian, ZRR Voigt, JA Liu, J McKenzie, B McDermott, MJ Rodriguez, MA Konishi, H Xu, HF TI Complex and oriented ZnO nanostructures SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES; ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES; LOW-TEMPERATURE GROWTH; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION; LARGE ARRAYS; THIN-FILM; NANORODS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ORIENTATION AB Extended and oriented nanostructures are desirable for many applications, but direct fabrication of complex nanostructures with controlled crystalline morphology, orientation and surface architectures remains a significant challenge. Here we report a low-temperature, environmentally benign, solution-based approach for the preparation of complex and oriented ZnO nanostructures, and the systematic modification of their crystal morphology. Using controlled seeded growth and citrate anions that selectively adsorb on ZnO basal planes as the structure-directing agent, we prepared large arrays of oriented ZnO nanorods with controlled aspect ratios, complex film morphologies made of oriented nanocolumns and nanoplates (remarkably similar to biomineral structures in red abalone shells) and complex bilayers showing in situ column-to-rod morphological transitions. The advantages of some of these ZnO structures for photocatalytic decompositions of volatile organic compounds were demonstrated. The novel ZnO nanostructures are expected to have great potential for sensing, catalysis, optical emission, piezoelectric transduction, and actuations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Tian, Z. Ryan /R-6671-2016 OI Tian, Z. Ryan /0000-0002-5644-8483 NR 46 TC 1074 Z9 1095 U1 49 U2 674 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 12 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.1038/nmat1014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 748CC UT WOS:000186843800020 PM 14634640 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Kiran, B Li, J Wang, LS AF Zhai, HJ Kiran, B Li, J Wang, LS TI Hydrocarbon analogues of boron clusters - planarity aromaticity and antiaromaticity SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; AB-INITIO; 3-DIMENSIONAL AROMATICITY; BARE BORON; IONS; STABILITY; B-13(+); CHEMISTRY; BORANES; ENERGY AB An interesting feature of elemental boron and boron compounds is the occurrence of highly symmetric icosahedral clusters. The rich chemistry of boron is also dominated by three-dimensional cage structures. Despite its proximity to carbon in the periodic table, elemental boron clusters have been scarcely studied experimentally and their structures and chemical bonding have not been fully elucidated. Here we report experimental and theoretical evidence that small boron clusters prefer planar structures and exhibit aromaticity and antiaromaticity according to the Huckel rules, akin to planar hydrocarbons. Aromatic boron clusters possess more circular shapes whereas antiaromatic boron clusters are elongated, analogous to structural distortions of antiaromatic hydrocarbons. The planar boron clusters are thus the only series of molecules other than the hydrocarbons to exhibit size-dependent aromatic and antiaromatic behaviour and represent a new dimension of boron chemistry. The stable aromatic boron clusters may exhibit similar chemistries to that of benzene, such as forming sandwich-type metal compounds. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 48 TC 316 Z9 318 U1 4 U2 76 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 12 BP 827 EP 833 DI 10.1038/nmat1012 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 748CC UT WOS:000186843800021 PM 14608377 ER PT J AU Khosla, C Keasling, JD AF Khosla, C Keasling, JD TI Timeline - Metabolic engineering for drug discovery and development SO NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; YEAST CANDIDA-UTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; TAXOL BIOSYNTHESIS; PHYTOENE SYNTHASE; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; SACCHAROPOLYSPORA-ERYTHRAEA C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Synth Biol Dept, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Khosla, C (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 83 TC 126 Z9 133 U1 10 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1474-1776 J9 NAT REV DRUG DISCOV JI Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1019 EP 1025 DI 10.1038/nrd1256 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 748ZN UT WOS:000186893200019 PM 14654799 ER PT J AU Ambegaokar, SS Wu, L Alamshahi, K Lau, J Jazayeri, L Chan, S Khanna, P Hsieh, E Timiras, PS AF Ambegaokar, SS Wu, L Alamshahi, K Lau, J Jazayeri, L Chan, S Khanna, P Hsieh, E Timiras, PS TI Curcumin inhibits dose-dependently and time-dependently neuroglial cell proliferation and growth SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE curcumin; curcuminoids; neuroglia; proliferation; dosage; astrocytes; oligodendrocytes ID ANTIOXIDANT; DAMAGE; AP-1 AB OBJECTIVES: Curcumin (CUR), the active chemical of the Asian spice turmeric, has strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. CUR inhibits proliferation and growth of several cell types, e.g. cancer cells. While CUR inhibitory effects on microglial cells are demonstrated, little is known of its effects on neuroglia, astrocytes (AST) and oligodendrocytes (OLG). Our work focuses on CUR's effects on neuroglial proliferation and growth in vitro, utilizing C-6 rat glioma 2B-clone cells, a mixed colony of both neuroglial cells, in 6 day trials. METHODS: The doses studied included 4, 5, 10, 15, and 20 microM - concentrations slightly smaller than those shown to stimulate protein expression in ASTs. Automated particle counter was used to determine proliferation, and marker enzyme assays were used to determine AST and OLG activity. RESULTS: CUR inhibited neuroglial proliferation, with the degree of inhibition correlated directly with the CUR concentration. Proliferative inhibition was observed after a concentration as low as 5 microM by day 6, while inhibition of 20 microM doses occurred by day 2 of culture. Proliferative inhibition is associated with morphological changes, e.g. cell elongation and neurite prolongation, and increased activity of a marker enzyme corresponding to differentiation of OLG and with a reduced activity of the marker enzyme for AST CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests CUR acts continuously over a period of time, with low doses being as effective as higher doses given a longer period of treatment. It has been suggested that. CUR's anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions may be useful in the prevention-treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Given neuroglial involvement in these diseases, and CUR's observed actions on neuroglia, the data presented here may provide further explanations of CUR's preventative-therapeutic role in these diseases. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Timiras, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 16 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM timiras@uclink4.berkeley.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 19145] NR 17 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAGHIRA & MAAS PUBLICATIONS PI STOCKHOLM PA PO BOX 26132, S-100 41 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0172-780X J9 NEUROENDOCRINOL LETT JI Neuroendocrinol. Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 469 EP 473 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 761CK UT WOS:000187882100019 PM 15073579 ER PT J AU Grossman, R Shohami, E Alexandrovich, A Yatsiv, I Kloog, Y Biegon, A AF Grossman, R Shohami, E Alexandrovich, A Yatsiv, I Kloog, Y Biegon, A TI Increase in peripheral benzodiazepine receptors and loss of glutamate NMDA receptors in a mouse model of closed head injury: a quantitative autoradiographic study SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; TRANS-FARNESYLTHIOSALICYLIC ACID; RAT-BRAIN; BINDING-SITES; ACTIVATED MICROGLIA; IN-VIVO; NITRIC-OXIDE; TRANSHEMISPHERIC DIASCHISIS; CULTURED ASTROCYTES; INCREASED DENSITIES AB Increases in peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors (PTBR) have been utilized for the detection of neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in the brain. We have investigated the relationship between PTBR and NMDA receptor binding density in mice with closed head injury (CHI) using quantitative autoradiography. CHI was induced by a weight drop in nine mice, four of which received a single injection of the rat sarcoma (Ras) inhibitor famesyl thiosalicylate (FTS) 1 h after the insult. Sham controls received anesthesia but no contusion. The neurological status of the mice was evaluated at 1 h, and hence up to 7 days using a neurological severity score (NSS). Animals were killed 7 days after CHI and consecutive brain sections were incubated with [H-3]PK11195, a PTBR antagonist, or [H-3]MK801, an n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) use-dependent antagonist. CHI produced large (two- to threefold), widespread increases in PK11195 binding in the traumatized hemisphere and a significant decrease (20%-40%) in NMDAR binding limited to regions at close proximity to the lesion. Histologically, these regions were characterized by glial proliferation and neuronal loss. Significant increases in PTBR binding, but no concomitant decrease in NMDAR, were identified in several regions remote from the lesion, including the contralateral ventrolateral striatum and the ipsilateral ventral thalamus. Drug treatment significantly improved the neurological deficits but had only a marginal effect on PTBR. These results support a complex role for glial activation and PTBR increases in the context of CHI. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Hadassah Med Ctr, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Neurobiochem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Biegon, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 59 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD DEC PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1971 EP 1981 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.06.003 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 756CM UT WOS:000187448300008 PM 14683703 ER PT J AU Schiffer, WK Logan, J Dewey, SL AF Schiffer, WK Logan, J Dewey, SL TI Positron emission tomography studies of potential mechanisms underlying phencyclidine-induced alterations in striatal dopamine SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE positron emission tomography ( PET); schizophrenia; GABA; phencyclidine; NMDA antagonist; dopamine; vigabatrin ID C-11 RACLOPRIDE BINDING; IN-VIVO MICRODIALYSIS; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; COCAINE BINDING; KINETIC-ANALYSIS; BABOON BRAIN; RAT-BRAIN; PET; RELEASE; GABA AB Positron emission tomography (PET), in combination with C-11-raclopride, was used to examine the effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on dopamine (DA) in the primate striatum. In addition, we explored the hypotheses that GABAergic pathways as well as molecular targets beyond the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex (ie dopamine transporter proteins, DAT) contribute to PCP's effects. In the first series of experiments, C-11-raclopride was administered at baseline and 30 min following intravenous PCP administration. In the second series of studies, gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) was used to assess whether enhanced GABAergic tone altered NMDA antagonistinduced changes in DA. Animals received an initial PET scan followed by pretreatment with GVG ( 300 mg/kg), then PCP 30 min prior to a second scan. Finally, we explored the possible contributions of DAT blockade to PCP-induced increases in DA. By examining C-11-cocaine binding a paradigm in which PCP was coadministered with the radiotracer, we assessed the direct competition between these two compounds for the DAT. At 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg, PCP decreased C-11-raclopride binding by 2.1, 14.9 +/- 2.2 and 8.18 +/- 1.1%, respectively. These effects were completely attenuated by GVG (3.38 +/- 3.1% decrease in C-11-raclopride binding). Finally, PCP (0.5 mg/ kg) decreased C-11-cocaine binding by 25.5 +/- 4.3%, while at 1.0 mg/ kg this decrease was 13.5%, consistent with a competitive interaction at the DAT. These results suggest that PCP may be exerting some direct effects through the DAT and that GABA partially modulates NMDA-antagonist-induced increases in striatal DA. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Schiffer, WK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Logan, Jean/0000-0002-6993-9994 NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0893-133X J9 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL JI Neuropsychopharmacology PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2192 EP 2198 DI 10.1038/sj.npp.1300258 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 748ZD UT WOS:000186892200014 PM 12888780 ER PT J AU Runyan, MC Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Cantalupo, C Contaldi, CR Daub, MD Goldstein, JH Gomez, PL Holzapfel, WL Kuo, CL Lange, AE Lueker, M Newcomb, M Peterson, JB Pogosyan, D Romer, AK Ruhl, J Torbet, E Woolsey, D AF Runyan, MC Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Cantalupo, C Contaldi, CR Daub, MD Goldstein, JH Gomez, PL Holzapfel, WL Kuo, CL Lange, AE Lueker, M Newcomb, M Peterson, JB Pogosyan, D Romer, AK Ruhl, J Torbet, E Woolsey, D TI First results from the arcminute cosmology bolometer array receiver SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation and its Polarization CY MAR 19-22, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA DE cosmic microwave background - instrumentation; observations ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY; PARAMETERS; SIMULATIONS AB We review the first science results from the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR); a multi-frequency millimeter-wave receiver optimized for observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in clusters of galaxies. ACBAR was installed on the 2 m Viper telescope at the South Pole in January 2001 and the results presented here incorporate data through July 2002. We present the power spectrum of the CMB at 150 GHz over the range l = 150-3000 measured by ACBAR as well as estimates for the values of the cosmological parameters within the context of ACDM models. We find that the inclusion of Omega(Lambda) greatly improves the fit to the power spectrum. We also observe a slight excess of small-scale anisotropy at 150 GHz; if interpreted as power from the SZ effect of unresolved clusters, the measured signal is consistent with CBI and BIMA within the context of the SZ power spectrum models tested. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Peterson, Jeffrey/O-4794-2014; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 OI Peterson, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1340-818X; NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 11-12 BP 915 EP 923 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.09.001 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 758TG UT WOS:000187665800007 ER PT J AU Schwan, D Bertoldi, F Cho, S Dobbs, M Guesten, R Halverson, NW Holzapfel, WL Kreysa, E Lanting, TM Lee, AT Lueker, M Mehl, J Menten, K Muders, D Myers, M Plagge, T Raccanelli, A Schilke, P Richards, PL Spieler, H White, M AF Schwan, D Bertoldi, F Cho, S Dobbs, M Guesten, R Halverson, NW Holzapfel, WL Kreysa, E Lanting, TM Lee, AT Lueker, M Mehl, J Menten, K Muders, D Myers, M Plagge, T Raccanelli, A Schilke, P Richards, PL Spieler, H White, M TI APEX-SZ: a Sunyaev-Zel'dovich galaxy cluster survey SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation and its Polarization CY MAR 19-22, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA DE galaxy clusters; cosmic microwave background; Sunyaev-Zel'dovich experiment; bolometer arrays ID 225-GHZ ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY; ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; BOLOMETER AB The APEX-SZ experiment is a sky survey designed to discover galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect at millimeter wavelengths. We describe the components of the instrument, including the 12 m Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope, optics, Transition-edge sensor bolometer array and SQUID readout. APEX-SZ will begin observations in 2004. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schwan, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; White, Martin/I-3880-2015 OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070 NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 11-12 BP 933 EP 937 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.09.008 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 758TG UT WOS:000187665800009 ER PT J AU Montroy, T Ade, PAR Balbi, A Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Cabella, P Contaldi, CR Crill, BP de Bernardis, P De Gasperis, G de Oliveira-Costa, A De Troia, G di Stefano, G Ganga, K Hivon, E Hristov, VV Iacoangeli, A Jaffe, AH Kisner, TS Jones, WC Lange, AE Masi, S Mauskopf, PD MacTavish, C Melchiorri, A Nati, F Natoli, P Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Piacentini, F Pogosyan, D Polenta, G Prunet, S Ricciardi, S Romeo, G Ruhl, JE Torbet, E Tegmark, M Vittorio, N AF Montroy, T Ade, PAR Balbi, A Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Cabella, P Contaldi, CR Crill, BP de Bernardis, P De Gasperis, G de Oliveira-Costa, A De Troia, G di Stefano, G Ganga, K Hivon, E Hristov, VV Iacoangeli, A Jaffe, AH Kisner, TS Jones, WC Lange, AE Masi, S Mauskopf, PD MacTavish, C Melchiorri, A Nati, F Natoli, P Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Piacentini, F Pogosyan, D Polenta, G Prunet, S Ricciardi, S Romeo, G Ruhl, JE Torbet, E Tegmark, M Vittorio, N TI Measuring CMB polarization with BOOMERANG SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation and its Polarization CY MAR 19-22, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA ID ANISOTROPY AB BOOMERANG is a balloon-borne telescope designed for long duration (LDB) flights around Antarctica. The second LDB flight of BOOMERANG took place in January 2003. The primary goal of this flight was to measure the polarization of the CMB. The receiver uses polarization sensitive bolometers at 145 GHz. Polarizing grids provide polarization sensitivity at 245 and 345 GHz. We describe the BOOMERANG telescope noting changes made for 2003 LDB flight, and discuss some of the issues involved in the measurement of polarization with bolometers. Lastly, we report on the 2003 flight and provide an estimate of the expected results. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. LBNL, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. CNR, IFAC, I-50127 Florence, Italy. CSU Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA USA. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Ist Nazl Geofis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Montroy, T (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; Nati, Federico/I-4469-2016; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; OI Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; Ricciardi, Sara/0000-0002-3807-4043; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Melchiorri, Alessandro/0000-0001-5326-6003; Nati, Federico/0000-0002-8307-5088; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; ROMEO, Giovanni/0000-0002-5535-7803; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 11-12 BP 1057 EP 1065 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.09.011 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 758TG UT WOS:000187665800023 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Abroe, ME Ade, P Bock, J Borrill, J Collins, JS Ferreira, P Hanany, S Jaffe, AH Jones, T Lee, AT Levinson, L Matsumura, T Rabii, B Renbarger, T Richards, PL Smoot, GF Stompor, R Tran, HT Winant, CD AF Johnson, BR Abroe, ME Ade, P Bock, J Borrill, J Collins, JS Ferreira, P Hanany, S Jaffe, AH Jones, T Lee, AT Levinson, L Matsumura, T Rabii, B Renbarger, T Richards, PL Smoot, GF Stompor, R Tran, HT Winant, CD TI MAXIPOL: a balloon-borne experiment for measuring the polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation and its Polarization CY MAR 19-22, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA ID MAXIMA-1 AB We discuss MAXIPOL, a bolometric balloon-borne experiment designed to measure the E-mode polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) on angular scales of 10' to 2degrees. MAXIPOL is the first CMB experiment to collect data with a polarimeter that utilizes a rotating half-wave plate and fixed wire-grid polarizer. We present the instrument design, elaborate on the polarimeter strategy and show the instrument performance during flight with some time domain data. Our primary dataset was collected during a 26 h turnaround flight that was launched from the National Scientific Ballooning Facility in Ft. Sumner, New Mexico in May 2003. During this flight five regions of the sky were mapped. Data analysis is in progress. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF1 3NS, S Glam, Wales. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009 NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 11-12 BP 1067 EP 1075 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.09.034 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 758TG UT WOS:000187665800024 ER PT J AU Baccigalupi, C AF Baccigalupi, C TI Cosmic microwave background polarisation: foreground contrast and component separation SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation and its Polarization CY MAR 19-22, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN ID GALACTIC SYNCHROTRON; EMISSION; FASTICA; SPECTRA; DUST AB wWe evaluate the expected level of foreground contamination to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarised radiation, focusing on the diffuse emission from our own Galaxy. In particular, we perform a first attempt to simulate an all sky template of polarised emission from thermal dust. This study indicates that the foreground contamination to CMB B-modes is likely to be relevant on all frequencies, and even at high Galactic latitudes. We review the recent developments in the design of data analysis techniques dedicated to the separation of CMB and foreground emissions in multi-frequency observations, exploiting their statistical independence. We argue that the high quality and detail of the present CMB observations represent an almost ideal statistical dataset where these algorithms can operate with excellent performance. We explicitly show that the recovery of CMB B-modes is possible even if they are well below the foreground level, working at the arcminute resolution at an almost null computational cost. This capability well represents the great potentiality of these new data analysis techniques, which should be seriously taken into account for implementation in present and future CMB observations. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 SISSA, ISAS, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baccigalupi, C (reprint author), SISSA, ISAS, Via Beirut 4, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. EM bacci@sissa.it NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 11-12 BP 1127 EP 1134 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.09.038 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 758TG UT WOS:000187665800032 ER PT J AU George, K Norby, RJ Hamilton, JG DeLucia, EH AF George, K Norby, RJ Hamilton, JG DeLucia, EH TI Fine-root respiration in a loblolly pine and sweetgum forest growing in elevated CO2 SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE annual fine-root respiration; maintenance respiration; growth respiration; nitrogen uptake respiration; temperate forest; free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); loblolly pine (Pinus taeda); sweetgum (Liquidambar styeaciflua) ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TAEDA L SEEDLINGS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; SOIL CO2; CONSTRUCTION COST; PONDEROSA PINE; ION UPTAKE AB The loss of carbon below-ground through respiration of fine roots may be modified by global change. Here we tested the hypothesis that a reduction in N concentration of tree fine-roots grown in an elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration would reduce maintenance respiration and that more energy would be used for root growth and N uptake. We partitioned total fine-root respiration (R-T) between maintenance (R-M), growth (R-G), and N uptake respiration (R-N) for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) forests exposed to elevated CO2. A substantial increase in fine-root production contributed to a 151% increase in R-G for loblolly pine in elevated CO2. Root specific R-M for pine was 24% lower under elevated CO2 but when extrapolated to the entire forest, no treatment effect could be detected. R-G (< 10%) and R-N (< 3%) were small components of R-M in both forests. Maintenance respiration was the vast majority of R-T, and contributed 92% and 86% of these totals at the pine and sweetgum forests, respectively. The hypothesis was rejected because the majority of fine-root respiration was used for maintenance and was not reduced by changes in root N concentration in elevated CO2. Because of its large contribution to R-T and total soil CO2 efflux, changes in R-M caused by warming may greatly alter carbon losses from forests to the atmosphere. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP George, K (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 85 TC 46 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 160 IS 3 BP 511 EP 522 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00911.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 743FN UT WOS:000186561900009 ER PT J AU Wu, SC Niu, H AF Wu, SC Niu, H TI Nuclear data sheets for A=180 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; ACTIVATION CROSS-SECTIONS; REDUCED TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; GROUND-STATE TRANSITIONS; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT RATIOS; YRAST-YRARE INTERACTION; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; GIANT DIPOLE RESONANCE; ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; RICH HAFNIUM NUCLEI AB Evaluated spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number A=180 and corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented. This evaluation contains new data on Ta-180 from (p, ngamma) and (d,2ngamma) work; data on Ta-180, W-180, Ir-180 and Hg-180 from heavy-ion gamma-ray measurements, and band structures; and data on Os-180 and Os-180 from epsilon-decays. The present evaluation supersedes the earlier one by E. Browne (1994Br17), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 71, 81 (1994). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Nucl Sci & Technol Dev Ctr, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. RP Wu, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 459 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2003 VL 100 IS 4 BP 483 EP + AR PII S0090-3752(03)00106-6 DI 10.1006/ndsh.2003.0018 PG 222 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757WR UT WOS:000187584900001 ER PT J AU Fujita, T Akasaka, H Akino, N Anno, K Arai, M Arai, T Asakura, N Ashikawa, N Azumi, M Bak, PE Bakhtiari, M Bruskin, LG Chankin, A Cheng, CZ Chiba, S Ebisawa, N Fujii, T Fujita, T Fukuda, T Funaba, H Funahashi, A Furukawa, H Furukawa, M Gao, X Gorelenkov, NN Gotoh, Y Grisham, L Haga, S Hamamatsu, K Hamano, T Hatae, T Hatayama, A Hayashi, N Hayashi, T Higashijima, S Hikida, N Hill, KW Hiranai, S Hiratsuka, H Hirohata, Y Hobirk, J Honda, A Honda, M Hoshi, Y Hosogane, N Hosoyama, H Ichige, H Ide, S Idomura, Y Igarashi, K Ikeda, K Ikeda, Y Inagaki, S Inoue, A Isaka, M Isayama, A Ishida, S Ishii, K Ishii, Y Ishikawa, M Itami, K Itoh, S Iwahashi, T Iwasaki, K Kachtchouk, I Kajiwara, K Kajiyama, E Kamada, Y Kamata, D Kaminaga, A Kashiwabara, T Katayama, K Kawai, M Kawamata, Y Kawano, Y Kazawa, M Kikuchi, H Kikuchi, K Kikuchi, M Kishimoto, Y Kitamura, S Kitsunezaki, A Kizu, K Kobayashi, S Kodama, H Kodama, K Koide, Y Kokusen, S Kondoh, T Konoshima, S Krasilnikov, AV Kubo, H Kudoh, Y Kurita, G Kuriyama, M Kurumada, A Kusama, Y Kusanagi, N Lao, LL Lee, S Lei, G Li, J Li, W Manickam, J Masaki, K Masui, H Matsuda, T Matsukawa, M Matsumoto, T Matsunaga, Y Matsuyama, M Mitarai, O Miura, Y Miura, Y Miya, N Miyata, K Miyazawa, J Miyo, Y Mogaki, K Morimoto, Y Morioka, A Moriyama, S Nagasaki, K Nagaya, S Naito, O Nakamura, Y Nakano, T Nakatsuka, M Narushima, Y Nazikian, R Neudatchin, SV Ninomiya, H Nishikawa, M Nishino, N Nishitani, T Nishiyama, T Noda, M Noda, N Noto, K Ohga, T Ohshima, K Oikawa, A Oikawa, T Okabayashi, M Okano, J Okano, K Okuno, K Omori, S Omori, Y Oohara, H Oshima, T Oya, Y Oyama, N Ozeki, T Rewoldt, G Sakakibara, S Sakamoto, Y Sakasai, A Sakata, S Sakuma, T Sakurai, S Sasajima, T Sasaki, N Sato, F Sato, M Sawada, K Seimiya, M Seki, H Seki, M Shibata, Y Shimada, K Shimizu, K Shimizu, M Shimono, M Shinohara, K Shinozaki, S Shirai, H Shiraiwa, S Shitomi, M Sueoka, M Sugawara, A Sugie, T Sugiyama, K Sunaoshi, H Suzuki, M Suzuki, M Suzuki, T Suzuki, Y Takahashi, M Takano, S Takase, Y Takechi, M Takei, N Takeji, S Takenaga, H Taki, Y Takizuka, T Tamai, H Tanabe, T Tanai, Y Tanaka, S Taniguchi, T Terakado, M Terakado, T Tobita, K Toi, K Tokuda, S Totsuka, T Toyokawa, R Tsuchiya, K Tsugita, T Tsukahara, Y Tuda, T Uehara, K Uehara, T Uesugi, Y Umeda, N Urano, H Urata, K Ushigusa, K Usui, K Wakatani, M Wang, S Whiteford, AD Wurden, GA Yagyu, J Yamada, H Yamamoto, T Yamashita, Y Yamazaki, H Yamazaki, K Yang, Y Yokokura, K Yonekawa, I Yoshida, H AF Fujita, T Akasaka, H Akino, N Anno, K Arai, M Arai, T Asakura, N Ashikawa, N Azumi, M Bak, PE Bakhtiari, M Bruskin, LG Chankin, A Cheng, CZ Chiba, S Ebisawa, N Fujii, T Fujita, T Fukuda, T Funaba, H Funahashi, A Furukawa, H Furukawa, M Gao, X Gorelenkov, NN Gotoh, Y Grisham, L Haga, S Hamamatsu, K Hamano, T Hatae, T Hatayama, A Hayashi, N Hayashi, T Higashijima, S Hikida, N Hill, KW Hiranai, S Hiratsuka, H Hirohata, Y Hobirk, J Honda, A Honda, M Hoshi, Y Hosogane, N Hosoyama, H Ichige, H Ide, S Idomura, Y Igarashi, K Ikeda, K Ikeda, Y Inagaki, S Inoue, A Isaka, M Isayama, A Ishida, S Ishii, K Ishii, Y Ishikawa, M Itami, K Itoh, S Iwahashi, T Iwasaki, K Kachtchouk, I Kajiwara, K Kajiyama, E Kamada, Y Kamata, D Kaminaga, A Kashiwabara, T Katayama, K Kawai, M Kawamata, Y Kawano, Y Kazawa, M Kikuchi, H Kikuchi, K Kikuchi, M Kishimoto, Y Kitamura, S Kitsunezaki, A Kizu, K Kobayashi, S Kodama, H Kodama, K Koide, Y Kokusen, S Kondoh, T Konoshima, S Krasilnikov, AV Kubo, H Kudoh, Y Kurita, G Kuriyama, M Kurumada, A Kusama, Y Kusanagi, N Lao, LL Lee, S Lei, G Li, J Li, W Manickam, J Masaki, K Masui, H Matsuda, T Matsukawa, M Matsumoto, T Matsunaga, Y Matsuyama, M Mitarai, O Miura, Y Miura, Y Miya, N Miyata, K Miyazawa, J Miyo, Y Mogaki, K Morimoto, Y Morioka, A Moriyama, S Nagasaki, K Nagaya, S Naito, O Nakamura, Y Nakano, T Nakatsuka, M Narushima, Y Nazikian, R Neudatchin, SV Ninomiya, H Nishikawa, M Nishino, N Nishitani, T Nishiyama, T Noda, M Noda, N Noto, K Ohga, T Ohshima, K Oikawa, A Oikawa, T Okabayashi, M Okano, J Okano, K Okuno, K Omori, S Omori, Y Oohara, H Oshima, T Oya, Y Oyama, N Ozeki, T Rewoldt, G Sakakibara, S Sakamoto, Y Sakasai, A Sakata, S Sakuma, T Sakurai, S Sasajima, T Sasaki, N Sato, F Sato, M Sawada, K Seimiya, M Seki, H Seki, M Shibata, Y Shimada, K Shimizu, K Shimizu, M Shimono, M Shinohara, K Shinozaki, S Shirai, H Shiraiwa, S Shitomi, M Sueoka, M Sugawara, A Sugie, T Sugiyama, K Sunaoshi, H Suzuki, M Suzuki, M Suzuki, T Suzuki, Y Takahashi, M Takano, S Takase, Y Takechi, M Takei, N Takeji, S Takenaga, H Taki, Y Takizuka, T Tamai, H Tanabe, T Tanai, Y Tanaka, S Taniguchi, T Terakado, M Terakado, T Tobita, K Toi, K Tokuda, S Totsuka, T Toyokawa, R Tsuchiya, K Tsugita, T Tsukahara, Y Tuda, T Uehara, K Uehara, T Uesugi, Y Umeda, N Urano, H Urata, K Ushigusa, K Usui, K Wakatani, M Wang, S Whiteford, AD Wurden, GA Yagyu, J Yamada, H Yamamoto, T Yamashita, Y Yamazaki, H Yamazaki, K Yang, Y Yokokura, K Yonekawa, I Yoshida, H CA JT-60 Team TI Overview of JT-60U results leading to high integrated performance in reactor-relevant regimes SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion Energy Conference (FEC-2002) CY OCT, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; DIII-D TOKAMAK; NONINDUCTIVE CURRENT DRIVE; DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM PLASMAS; BEAM INJECTION SYSTEM; H-MODE DISCHARGES; ASDEX UPGRADE; ADVANCED SCENARIOS; CONFINEMENT AB Recent JT-60U results leading to high integrated performance are reported with emphasis on the projection to the reactor-relevant regime. Negative-ion-based neutral beam (NB) and electron cyclotron (EC power increased up to 6.2 MW and 3 MW, respectively. A high beta(p) H-mode plasma with full non-inductive current drive has been obtained at 1.8 MA, and the fusion triple product reached 3.1 x 10(20) m(-3) keV s. A high beta with beta(N) = 2.7 was maintained for 7.4 s. Neoclassical tearing mode suppression with EC was accomplished using a real-time feedback control system, and improvement in beta(N) was obtained. The stable existence of a current hole was observed. A high DT-equivalent fusion gain of 0.8 was maintained for 0.55 s in a plasma with a current hole. Current profile control in high bootstrap current reversed shear plasmas was demonstrated using N-NB and LH. A new operation scenario has been established in which a plasma with a high bootstrap current fraction and internal transport barriers (ITBs) is produced without the use of an OH coil. An ECCD study was undertaken in a reactor-relevant high T-e regime. A new type of Alfven eigenmode mode has been proposed and has been found to explain the observed frequency chirp quite well. High confinement reversed shear plasmas with T-e > T-i were obtained. Ar exhaust with EC heating was obtained in a high beta(p) mode plasma. Impurity accumulation related to strong ITBs in a reversed shear plasma and degradation of ITB by ECH in a weak positive shear plasma have been found. Dedicated measurement of edge localized mode dynamics and scrape-off-layer plasma flow have advanced understanding of the physics. N-NB heating in an Ar-seed plasma extended the density region to 95% of the Greenwald density, with HHy2 = 0.9. Enhancement of pedestal pressure was obtained with an increase in beta(p) in a high triangularity configuration. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Keio Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. IPP, Garching, Germany. Univ Tsukuba, JAERI, Cooperat Doctoral Program, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyushu Univ, AFRC, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816, Japan. TRINITI, Troitsk, Russia. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Shinshu Univ, Nagano, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. Univ Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan. Ibaraki Univ, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan. SW Inst Phys, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Toyama Univ, Toyama 930, Japan. Kyushu Tokai Univ, Kumamoto, Japan. Osaka Univ, ILE, Suita, Osaka, Japan. Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Komae, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Chinese Acad Sci, Hefei, Peoples R China. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. EM fujitat@fusion.naka.jaeri.go.jp RI Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013; Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014; Uesugi, Yoshihiko/C-3311-2015; Nishino, Nobuhiro/D-6390-2011; Kikuchi, Mitsuru/O-1036-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; Wang, Shaojie/A-2675-2017 OI Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531; Uesugi, Yoshihiko/0000-0001-6039-6842; Kikuchi, Mitsuru/0000-0002-5485-8737; Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Wang, Shaojie/0000-0002-2786-519X NR 75 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1527 EP 1539 AR PII S0029-5515(03)71917-6 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/001 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 760MT UT WOS:000187838300002 ER PT J AU Pamela, J Solano, ER Adams, JM Agarici, G Agarici, M Akhter, H Albanese, R Alberti, S Allfrey, S Alper, B Alves, D Amarante, J Amerongen, FV Andrew, P Andrew, Y Ane, JM Angioni, C Antonucci, C Ambrosino, G Apruzzese, G Ariola, M Artaserse, G Artaud, JF Ascasibar, E Asp, E Axton, M Baciero, A Badarelli, M Baity, W Balbin, R Balme, S Barana, O Baranov, Y Barbato, E Barnsley, R Basiuk, V Bateman, G Baumel, S Bayetti, P Baylor, L Beaumont, B Beaumont, P Becoulet, A Becoulet, M Bekris, M Beldishevski, M Bell, AC Bennet, P Berger-By, G Berk, HL Bernabei, S Bertalot, L Bertrand, B Beurskens, M Beurskens, M Bibet, P Bickley, A Bigi, M Bilato, R Blackman, T Blanchard, P Blum, J Bolzonella, T Bondeson, A Bongers, W Bonheure, G Bonnin, X Borass, K Borba, D Bosak, K Bosia, P Boyer, H Bracco, G Braithwaite, GC Breizman, BN Bremond, S Brennan, PD Bresslau, J Brezinsek, S Brichero, B Briscoe, F Brix, M Brolatti, G Brown, DPD Bruggeman, A Bruschi, A Bryan, S Brzozowski, J Bucalossi, J Buceti, G Buckley, MA Budd, T Budny, R Buratti, P Butcher, P Buttery, RJ Calabro, G Nichols, CJC Callen, J Campbell, D Campling, DC Cannas, B Capel, AJ Card, PJ Carlstrom, T Castaldo, C Causey, R Cecil, FE Cesario, R Challis, C Chan, V Chappuis, P Charlet, M Charreau, JM Cheron, C Child, D Chitarin, G Ciattaglia, S Cirant, S Ciric, D Clarke, R Coad, JP Coates, P Coccorese, V Cocilovo, V Coda, S Coelho, R Coffey, I Coletti, A Collins, S Conboy, J Conroy, S Conway, G Cooper, SR Cordey, G Corre, Y Corrigan, G Cortes, S Coster, D Counsell, GF Cox, M Cox, SJ Cramp, S Crescenzi, C Crisanti, F Cristescu, I Cristescu, IR Crowley, B Cruz, N Cupido, L Cusack, R Belo, PDA Dailey, S Daly, E Damiani, C Darrow, D Darrow, D David, O Davies, N Day, C De Angelis, R de Baar, M De Barbieri, O De Benedetti, M De Grassie, J De la Luna, E De Vries, P Degli Agostini, F Dentan, M Dimits, A Dines, A Dobbing, JA Doceul, L Doncel, J Donne, A Donne, T Dorland, W Dorling, SE Doyle, P Drozdov, V Dumbrajs, O Dumortier, P Durocher, A Durodie, F Duval, B Dux, R Edlington, T Edwards, AM Edwards, DC Edwards, DT Edwards, P Eich, T Ekedahl, A Elbeze, D Ellingboe, AR Ellis, R Elsmore, CG Elzendoorn, BSQ Erents, SK Ericsson, G Eriksson, L Esposito, B Esser, HG Estrada, T Evrard, M Ewart, C Fanthome, J Farthing, JW Fasel, D Fasoli, A Felton, R Fenstermacher, M Fenzi, C Fernandes, H Fernandez, A Ferreira, J Fessey, JA Figueiredo, A Finburg, P Fink, J Finken, KH Fiorentin, P Fischer, U Fleming, C Forrest, R Fourment, C Franel, B Franzen, P Fredian, T Fricconneeu, JP Frigione, D Fu, G Fuchs, JC Fullard, K Fundamenski, W Gabriel, F Gaffert, J Galutschek, E Gans, T Garbet, X Cortes, IG Garzotti, L Gauthier, E Gedney, J Geier, A Gentile, C Gerasimov, S Geraud, A Ghendrih, P Giannella, R Gill, RD Gimblett, C Giovannozzi, E Giroud, C Goff, J Gohil, P Gondhalekar, A Goniche, M Goodyear, A Gorelenkov, N Gorini, G Goulding, R Gowers, CW Graham, ME Grando, L Granucci, G Graswinckel, M Green, N Greenfield, C Greenough, N Greenwald, M Gregoratto, D Griph, FS Grisolia, C Grosman, A Grosso, G Gruenhagen, S Gude, A Guenter, S Guenther, K Guerin, C Gugla, M Guigon, A Guirlet, R Gunn, J Haas, G Hackett, L Hacquin, S Hahm, TS Haist, B Cook, SH Hamilton, D Hammett, G Handley, R Harling, JDW Harrison, J Hartmann, D Haupt, T Hawkes, NC Hay, J Hayward, I Hedin, J Heesterman, P Heikkinen, J Heinemann, B Helander, P Hellingman, P Hellsten, T Hemming, ON Hemsworth, R Hender, TC Henderson, M Hennequin, P Henshaw, A Herrmann, A Hidalgo, C Hill, J Hillis, D Hitchin, M Hoang, T Hobirk, J Hoekzema, F Hoekzema, JA Hofmann, E Hogan, C Hogben, C Hogeweij, D Homfray, D Horton, A Horton, LD Hosea, J Hoskins, AJ Hotchin, S Hough, MR Houlberg, W How, J Howell, D Hron, M Hubbard, A Huber, A Hudson, Z Hume, H Humphries, D Hurd, F Hutchinson, I Hutter, T Huygen, S Huysmans, G Imbeaux, F Ingesson, C Innocente, P Jachmich, S Jackson, G Jardin, S Jarmen, A Jarvis, ON Jaspers, R Jaun, A Jenkins, I Jensen, HS Joffrin, E Johnson, MF Johnson, R Jones, EM Jones, G Jones, HD Jones, T Jonsson, T Jupen, C Kallenbach, A Kallne, J Karttunen, S Kasparek, W Kaye, A Keeling, D Kelliher, D Kemp, N King, RF Kinsey, J Kiptily, V Kirov, K Kirschner, A Kiviniemi, T Knight, P Knipe, S Koch, R Kooijman, W Korotkov, A Koslowski, HR Kramer, G Kraus, W Kritz, A Kruijt, OG Kurki-Suonio, T La Haye, RJ Labombard, B Laesser, R Lam, N Lamalle, P Land, G Lang, P Lao, L Last, J Laux, M Laviron, C Lawson, KD Laxaback, M Lazzaro, E Leggate, H Lehnen, M Leigheb, M Lennholm, M Leonard, A Lescure, C Leuterer, F Likin, K Litaudon, X Lingier, K Linke, J Lipshultz, B Lister, J Litaudon, X Liu, Y Lloyd, G Loarer, T Loarte, A Loesser, D Lomas, PJ Long, F Lonnroth, J Lorenz, A Lotte, P Louche, F Loughlin, M Loving, A Luce, T Lucock, RMA Lyssoivan, A Maagdenberg, J Maas, A MacGregor, J Macheta, P Maddaluno, G Maddison, GP Maget, P Magne, R Mahdavi, A Mailloux, J Maisonnier, D Manickam, J Mank, G Manso, ME Mantica, P Mantsinen, M Maraschek, M Marcuzzi, D Marinucci, M Marmillod, P Martin, D Martin, M Martin, Y Mast, KF Mattei, M Matthews, GF Mayer, M Mayoral, ML Mazon, D Mazzone, G Mazzucato, E McCarron, E McClements, K McCormick, K McCullen, PA McCune, D McDonald, D Mead, M Medina, F Meigs, A Melissen, W Meneses, L Meo, F Mertens, P Mertens, V Messiaen, A Milani, F Miller, A Mills, S Milner, J Mlynar, J Monakhov, I Monier-Garbet, P Monk, R Monney, R Moreau, D Moreau, P Morgan, PD Morris, AW Morris, J Mort, JL Mossessian, D Muck, A Mueller, G Murakami, M Murari, A Murdock, D Na, YS Nabais, F Nave, MFF Nazikian, R Negus, C Neil, GF Neilson, JD Nelson, B Neu, R Nevins, W Newbert, GJ Nguyen, F Nichols, K Nicolai, A Nicolas, L Nielsen, P Nightingale, M Nordman, H Noterdaeme, JM Nowak, S O'Mullane, M Ongena, J Onjun, T Orchard, J Orsitto, F Osborne, T Palmer, J Pamela, J Panaccione, L Parail, V Parkin, A Parsons, B Pascualotto, R Patel, B Pavlenko, I Peacock, AT Pearce, R Pecquet, AL Luna, AP Peeters, A Penzhorn, RD Alonso, MP Pereverzev, G Perevezentsev, A von Thun, CP Pericoli, V Peruzzo, S Petravich, G Petrizilka, V Petrov, Y Petty, C Phillips, V Piccolo, F Pick, M Pinches, SD Pinna, T Piosczyk, B Pironti, A Pitcher, CS Pitts, R Plysnin, V Pochelon, A Podda, S Polinari, P Pomaro, N Popovichev, S Portafaix, C Porter, G Pospieszczyk, A Preece, G Prentice, R Prins, R Proschek, M Pugno, R Puiatti, ME Purahoo, K Rachlew, E Rainford, M Raisback, D Rantamaki, K Rapp, J Rasmussen, D Reiser, D Reiter, D Rewoldt, G Ribeiro, TM Riccardo, V Righi, E Rimini, FG Riva, M Robinson, DS Robinson, SA Robson, DW Roccella, M Rodrigo, LR Rogero, G Rogister, A Roguemore, T Rolfe, A Ronden, D Rosanvallon, S Ross, D Rubel, M Ryter, F Saarelma, S Sabathier, F Sabot, R Saibene, G Salavy, JF Sall, I Sanchez, J Sanders, S Sanders, SG Sands, D Sarazin, Y Sartori, F Sartori, R Sattin, F Sauter, O Sborchia, C Scaffidi-Argentina, F Scarabosio, A Schilling, G Schissel, D Schlosser, J Schmidt, G Schmidt, W Schuller, C Schweer, B Schweinzer, J Segui, JL Semeraro, L Sergienko, G Serra, F Sharapov, SE Shaw, SR Siegrist, M Silva, CA Simpson, D Sipila, S Sips, ACC Sjostrand, H Skinner, C Smith, PG Snipes, J Solano, ER Sonato, P Sousa, J Sozzi, C Spence, J Speth, E Staebler, A Allen, RS Stagg, R Stakenborg, J Stamp, MF Stangeby, P Starkey, D Stauton-Lambert, SA Stephen, A Sterk, A Sterk, AB Stevens, A Stillerman, J Stober, J Stokes, R Stork, D Strachan, J Stratton, B Stratton, K Stubberfield, P Summers, HP Surrey, E Sutton, D Suttrop, W Svenson, J Symonds, I Tabares, F Tait, J Tala, T Talarico, C Talbot, AR Taliercio, C Tam, U Tame, C Tardini, G Tardocchi, M Tartoni, N Tavernier, J Telesca, G Terrington, AO Testa, D Testoni, P Theis, JM Thomas, J Thomas, P Thomsen, H Thomsen, K Thumm, M Thyagaraja, C Tichler, J Tigwell, P Tiscornia, T Todd, JM Tokar, MZ De Tommasi, G Tran, QM Travere, JM Tresset, G Tribaldos, V Tsitrone, E Tuccillo, AA Tudisco, O Turker, E Turner, MM Udintsev, V Unterberg, B Valetta, MP Valisa, M Valovic, M Van Amerongen, F Van de Poll, M Van der Grift, T Van Eester, D Van Gorkorm, J Varela, P Vender, D Veres, G Verhoeven, A Villard, L Villedieu, E Villone, F Vince, JE Von Hellermann, M Vulliez, K Wade, M Wagner, D Walden, A Walker, M Walton, B Watkins, ML Watson, MJ Weiland, J Weisen, H Werner, A Wesner, F West, P Westerhof, E Weyssow, B Wheatley, MR Whitehead, A Whitehurst, A Whyte, D Wicks, SJ Widdershoven, L Wienhold, P Wilson, A Wilson, C Wilson, D Wilson, DJ Wilson, DW Wilson, R Wischmeier, M Wolf, R Wouters, P Yorkshades, JS Young, C Young, D Young, ID Young, K Zabeo, L Zacek, F Zakharov, L Zanca, P Zastrow, KD Zeidner, W Zerbini, M Zohm, H Zoletnik, S Zonca, F Zwingman, W AF Pamela, J Solano, ER Adams, JM Agarici, G Agarici, M Akhter, H Albanese, R Alberti, S Allfrey, S Alper, B Alves, D Amarante, J Amerongen, FV Andrew, P Andrew, Y Ane, JM Angioni, C Antonucci, C Ambrosino, G Apruzzese, G Ariola, M Artaserse, G Artaud, JF Ascasibar, E Asp, E Axton, M Baciero, A Badarelli, M Baity, W Balbin, R Balme, S Barana, O Baranov, Y Barbato, E Barnsley, R Basiuk, V Bateman, G Baumel, S Bayetti, P Baylor, L Beaumont, B Beaumont, P Becoulet, A Becoulet, M Bekris, M Beldishevski, M Bell, AC Bennet, P Berger-By, G Berk, HL Bernabei, S Bertalot, L Bertrand, B Beurskens, M Beurskens, M Bibet, P Bickley, A Bigi, M Bilato, R Blackman, T Blanchard, P Blum, J Bolzonella, T Bondeson, A Bongers, W Bonheure, G Bonnin, X Borass, K Borba, D Bosak, K Bosia, P Boyer, H Bracco, G Braithwaite, GC Breizman, BN Bremond, S Brennan, PD Bresslau, J Brezinsek, S Brichero, B Briscoe, F Brix, M Brolatti, G Brown, DPD Bruggeman, A Bruschi, A Bryan, S Brzozowski, J Bucalossi, J Buceti, G Buckley, MA Budd, T Budny, R Buratti, P Butcher, P Buttery, RJ Calabro, G Nichols, CJC Callen, J Campbell, D Campling, DC Cannas, B Capel, AJ Card, PJ Carlstrom, T Castaldo, C Causey, R Cecil, FE Cesario, R Challis, C Chan, V Chappuis, P Charlet, M Charreau, JM Cheron, C Child, D Chitarin, G Ciattaglia, S Cirant, S Ciric, D Clarke, R Coad, JP Coates, P Coccorese, V Cocilovo, V Coda, S Coelho, R Coffey, I Coletti, A Collins, S Conboy, J Conroy, S Conway, G Cooper, SR Cordey, G Corre, Y Corrigan, G Cortes, S Coster, D Counsell, GF Cox, M Cox, SJ Cramp, S Crescenzi, C Crisanti, F Cristescu, I Cristescu, IR Crowley, B Cruz, N Cupido, L Cusack, R Belo, PDA Dailey, S Daly, E Damiani, C Darrow, D Darrow, D David, O Davies, N Day, C De Angelis, R de Baar, M De Barbieri, O De Benedetti, M De Grassie, J De la Luna, E De Vries, P Degli Agostini, F Dentan, M Dimits, A Dines, A Dobbing, JA Doceul, L Doncel, J Donne, A Donne, T Dorland, W Dorling, SE Doyle, P Drozdov, V Dumbrajs, O Dumortier, P Durocher, A Durodie, F Duval, B Dux, R Edlington, T Edwards, AM Edwards, DC Edwards, DT Edwards, P Eich, T Ekedahl, A Elbeze, D Ellingboe, AR Ellis, R Elsmore, CG Elzendoorn, BSQ Erents, SK Ericsson, G Eriksson, L Esposito, B Esser, HG Estrada, T Evrard, M Ewart, C Fanthome, J Farthing, JW Fasel, D Fasoli, A Felton, R Fenstermacher, M Fenzi, C Fernandes, H Fernandez, A Ferreira, J Fessey, JA Figueiredo, A Finburg, P Fink, J Finken, KH Fiorentin, P Fischer, U Fleming, C Forrest, R Fourment, C Franel, B Franzen, P Fredian, T Fricconneeu, JP Frigione, D Fu, G Fuchs, JC Fullard, K Fundamenski, W Gabriel, F Gaffert, J Galutschek, E Gans, T Garbet, X Cortes, IG Garzotti, L Gauthier, E Gedney, J Geier, A Gentile, C Gerasimov, S Geraud, A Ghendrih, P Giannella, R Gill, RD Gimblett, C Giovannozzi, E Giroud, C Goff, J Gohil, P Gondhalekar, A Goniche, M Goodyear, A Gorelenkov, N Gorini, G Goulding, R Gowers, CW Graham, ME Grando, L Granucci, G Graswinckel, M Green, N Greenfield, C Greenough, N Greenwald, M Gregoratto, D Griph, FS Grisolia, C Grosman, A Grosso, G Gruenhagen, S Gude, A Guenter, S Guenther, K Guerin, C Gugla, M Guigon, A Guirlet, R Gunn, J Haas, G Hackett, L Hacquin, S Hahm, TS Haist, B Cook, SH Hamilton, D Hammett, G Handley, R Harling, JDW Harrison, J Hartmann, D Haupt, T Hawkes, NC Hay, J Hayward, I Hedin, J Heesterman, P Heikkinen, J Heinemann, B Helander, P Hellingman, P Hellsten, T Hemming, ON Hemsworth, R Hender, TC Henderson, M Hennequin, P Henshaw, A Herrmann, A Hidalgo, C Hill, J Hillis, D Hitchin, M Hoang, T Hobirk, J Hoekzema, F Hoekzema, JA Hofmann, E Hogan, C Hogben, C Hogeweij, D Homfray, D Horton, A Horton, LD Hosea, J Hoskins, AJ Hotchin, S Hough, MR Houlberg, W How, J Howell, D Hron, M Hubbard, A Huber, A Hudson, Z Hume, H Humphries, D Hurd, F Hutchinson, I Hutter, T Huygen, S Huysmans, G Imbeaux, F Ingesson, C Innocente, P Jachmich, S Jackson, G Jardin, S Jarmen, A Jarvis, ON Jaspers, R Jaun, A Jenkins, I Jensen, HS Joffrin, E Johnson, MF Johnson, R Jones, EM Jones, G Jones, HD Jones, T Jonsson, T Jupen, C Kallenbach, A Kallne, J Karttunen, S Kasparek, W Kaye, A Keeling, D Kelliher, D Kemp, N King, RF Kinsey, J Kiptily, V Kirov, K Kirschner, A Kiviniemi, T Knight, P Knipe, S Koch, R Kooijman, W Korotkov, A Koslowski, HR Kramer, G Kraus, W Kritz, A Kruijt, OG Kurki-Suonio, T La Haye, RJ Labombard, B Laesser, R Lam, N Lamalle, P Land, G Lang, P Lao, L Last, J Laux, M Laviron, C Lawson, KD Laxaback, M Lazzaro, E Leggate, H Lehnen, M Leigheb, M Lennholm, M Leonard, A Lescure, C Leuterer, F Likin, K Litaudon, X Lingier, K Linke, J Lipshultz, B Lister, J Litaudon, X Liu, Y Lloyd, G Loarer, T Loarte, A Loesser, D Lomas, PJ Long, F Lonnroth, J Lorenz, A Lotte, P Louche, F Loughlin, M Loving, A Luce, T Lucock, RMA Lyssoivan, A Maagdenberg, J Maas, A MacGregor, J Macheta, P Maddaluno, G Maddison, GP Maget, P Magne, R Mahdavi, A Mailloux, J Maisonnier, D Manickam, J Mank, G Manso, ME Mantica, P Mantsinen, M Maraschek, M Marcuzzi, D Marinucci, M Marmillod, P Martin, D Martin, M Martin, Y Mast, KF Mattei, M Matthews, GF Mayer, M Mayoral, ML Mazon, D Mazzone, G Mazzucato, E McCarron, E McClements, K McCormick, K McCullen, PA McCune, D McDonald, D Mead, M Medina, F Meigs, A Melissen, W Meneses, L Meo, F Mertens, P Mertens, V Messiaen, A Milani, F Miller, A Mills, S Milner, J Mlynar, J Monakhov, I Monier-Garbet, P Monk, R Monney, R Moreau, D Moreau, P Morgan, PD Morris, AW Morris, J Mort, JL Mossessian, D Muck, A Mueller, G Murakami, M Murari, A Murdock, D Na, YS Nabais, F Nave, MFF Nazikian, R Negus, C Neil, GF Neilson, JD Nelson, B Neu, R Nevins, W Newbert, GJ Nguyen, F Nichols, K Nicolai, A Nicolas, L Nielsen, P Nightingale, M Nordman, H Noterdaeme, JM Nowak, S O'Mullane, M Ongena, J Onjun, T Orchard, J Orsitto, F Osborne, T Palmer, J Pamela, J Panaccione, L Parail, V Parkin, A Parsons, B Pascualotto, R Patel, B Pavlenko, I Peacock, AT Pearce, R Pecquet, AL Luna, AP Peeters, A Penzhorn, RD Alonso, MP Pereverzev, G Perevezentsev, A von Thun, CP Pericoli, V Peruzzo, S Petravich, G Petrizilka, V Petrov, Y Petty, C Phillips, V Piccolo, F Pick, M Pinches, SD Pinna, T Piosczyk, B Pironti, A Pitcher, CS Pitts, R Plysnin, V Pochelon, A Podda, S Polinari, P Pomaro, N Popovichev, S Portafaix, C Porter, G Pospieszczyk, A Preece, G Prentice, R Prins, R Proschek, M Pugno, R Puiatti, ME Purahoo, K Rachlew, E Rainford, M Raisback, D Rantamaki, K Rapp, J Rasmussen, D Reiser, D Reiter, D Rewoldt, G Ribeiro, TM Riccardo, V Righi, E Rimini, FG Riva, M Robinson, DS Robinson, SA Robson, DW Roccella, M Rodrigo, LR Rogero, G Rogister, A Roguemore, T Rolfe, A Ronden, D Rosanvallon, S Ross, D Rubel, M Ryter, F Saarelma, S Sabathier, F Sabot, R Saibene, G Salavy, JF Sall, I Sanchez, J Sanders, S Sanders, SG Sands, D Sarazin, Y Sartori, F Sartori, R Sattin, F Sauter, O Sborchia, C Scaffidi-Argentina, F Scarabosio, A Schilling, G Schissel, D Schlosser, J Schmidt, G Schmidt, W Schuller, C Schweer, B Schweinzer, J Segui, JL Semeraro, L Sergienko, G Serra, F Sharapov, SE Shaw, SR Siegrist, M Silva, CA Simpson, D Sipila, S Sips, ACC Sjostrand, H Skinner, C Smith, PG Snipes, J Solano, ER Sonato, P Sousa, J Sozzi, C Spence, J Speth, E Staebler, A Allen, RS Stagg, R Stakenborg, J Stamp, MF Stangeby, P Starkey, D Stauton-Lambert, SA Stephen, A Sterk, A Sterk, AB Stevens, A Stillerman, J Stober, J Stokes, R Stork, D Strachan, J Stratton, B Stratton, K Stubberfield, P Summers, HP Surrey, E Sutton, D Suttrop, W Svenson, J Symonds, I Tabares, F Tait, J Tala, T Talarico, C Talbot, AR Taliercio, C Tam, U Tame, C Tardini, G Tardocchi, M Tartoni, N Tavernier, J Telesca, G Terrington, AO Testa, D Testoni, P Theis, JM Thomas, J Thomas, P Thomsen, H Thomsen, K Thumm, M Thyagaraja, C Tichler, J Tigwell, P Tiscornia, T Todd, JM Tokar, MZ De Tommasi, G Tran, QM Travere, JM Tresset, G Tribaldos, V Tsitrone, E Tuccillo, AA Tudisco, O Turker, E Turner, MM Udintsev, V Unterberg, B Valetta, MP Valisa, M Valovic, M Van Amerongen, F Van de Poll, M Van der Grift, T Van Eester, D Van Gorkorm, J Varela, P Vender, D Veres, G Verhoeven, A Villard, L Villedieu, E Villone, F Vince, JE Von Hellermann, M Vulliez, K Wade, M Wagner, D Walden, A Walker, M Walton, B Watkins, ML Watson, MJ Weiland, J Weisen, H Werner, A Wesner, F West, P Westerhof, E Weyssow, B Wheatley, MR Whitehead, A Whitehurst, A Whyte, D Wicks, SJ Widdershoven, L Wienhold, P Wilson, A Wilson, C Wilson, D Wilson, DJ Wilson, DW Wilson, R Wischmeier, M Wolf, R Wouters, P Yorkshades, JS Young, C Young, D Young, ID Young, K Zabeo, L Zacek, F Zakharov, L Zanca, P Zastrow, KD Zeidner, W Zerbini, M Zohm, H Zoletnik, S Zonca, F Zwingman, W CA JET EFDA Contributors TI Overview of JET results SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion Energy Conference (FEC-2002) CY OCT, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID ELMY H-MODES; INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIERS; JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS; CURRENT DRIVE; INTERACTION ISSUES; TRITIUM RECOVERY; PLASMA ROTATION; HIGH-DENSITY; CONFINEMENT; SHEAR AB Scientific and technical activities on JET focus on the issues likely to affect the ITER design and operation. Our understanding of the ITER reference mode of operation, the ELMy H-mode, has progressed significantly. The extrapolation of ELM size to ITER has been re-evaluated. Neoclassical tearing modes have been shown to be meta-stable in JET, and their beta limits can be raised by destabilization (modification) of sawteeth by ion cyclotron radio frequency heating (ICRH). Alpha simulation experiments with ICRH accelerated injected 4 (He) beam ions provide a new tool for fast particle and magnetohydrodynamic studies, with up to 80-90% of plasma heating by fast 4 He ions. With or without impurity seeding, a quasi-steady-state high confinement (H-98 = 1), high density(n(e)/n(GW) = 0.9-1) and high beta (betaN = 2) ELMy H-mode has been achieved by operating near the ITER triangularity ( similar to 0.40-0.5) and safety factor (q(95) similar to 3), at Z(eff) similar to 1.5-2. In advanced tokamak (AT) scenarios, internal transport barriers (ITBs) are now characterized in real time with a new criterion, rhoT(*). Tailoring of the current profile with T lower hybrid current drive provides reliable access to a variety of q profiles, lowering access power for barrier formation. Rational q surfaces appear to be associated with ITB formation. Alfven cascades were observed in reversed shear plasmas, providing identification of q profile evolution. Plasmas with 'current holes' were observed and modelled. Transient high confinement AT regimes with H-89 = 3.3, beta(N) = 2.4 and ITER-relevant q < 5 were achieved with reversed magnetic shear. Quasi-stationary ITBs are developed with full non-inductive current drive, including similar to 50% bootstrap current. A record duration of ITBs was achieved, up to 11 s, approaching the resistive time. For the first time, pressure and current profiles of AT regimes are controlled by a real-time feedback system, in separate experiments. Erosion and co-deposition studies with a quartz micro-balance show reduced co-deposition. Measured divertor thermal loads during disruptions in JET could modify ITER assumptions. C1 EFDA, Close Support Unit, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. CIEMAT, EURATOM Assoc, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Dublin City Univ, EURATOM Assoc, Dublin 9, Ireland. Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. Consorzio RFX, I-35127 Padua, Italy. ENEA CR Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. EURATOM, ENEA, CREATE, I-80125 Naples, Italy. EURATOM, CNR, Inst Fis Plasma, I-20125 Milan, Italy. Univ Cagliari, Elect & Elect Engn Dept, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy. ENEA, CR Brasimone, CP1, I-40032 Camugnano, Italy. ENEA, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EURATOM, FOM, TEC, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EURATOM, IST, Ctr Fusao Nucl, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. EURATOM VR Assoc, Swedish Res Council, SE-10378 Stockholm, Sweden. EURATOM, OAW, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Aalto Univ, Assoc Euratom TEKES, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. VTT Proc, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Assoc, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. MPI, EFDA Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Royal Mil Acad, EURATOM Assoc, LPP, ERM,KMS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EURATOM, IPP, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Nice, Nice, France. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Prairie View A& M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP EFDA, Close Support Unit, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. RI Coster, David/B-4311-2010; Westerhof, Egbert/H-8730-2013; Innocente, Paolo/G-4381-2013; Silva, Carlos/L-6490-2013; Fernandes, Horacio/E-3292-2012; Coelho, Rui/N-2692-2013; Gaudio, Pasqualino /B-3009-2014; Mlynar, Jan/G-9941-2014; Zacek, Frantisek/H-2400-2014; veres, gabor/J-2508-2014; Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013; Artaud, Jean-Francois/J-2068-2012; Bruschi, Alessandro/A-5530-2015; Lang, Peter/H-2507-2013; garcia-munoz, manuel/C-6825-2008; Ribeiro, Tiago/J-7404-2013; Ratta, Giuseppe/I-5515-2012; Tribaldos, Victor/K-4299-2012; Panek, Radomir/G-7507-2014; Cruz, Nuno Sergio/K-4893-2015; Borba, Duarte/K-6148-2015; Albanese, Raffaele/B-5394-2016; Garcia-Cortes, Isabel/H-3341-2015; De Tommasi, Gianmaria/A-8787-2012; Blum, Jacques/N-1792-2016; Artaud, Jean-Francois/G-8480-2011; Meo, Fernando/A-3937-2012; Sjostrand, Henrik/C-3311-2012; Ariola, Marco/C-4633-2012; Hron, Martin/E-2423-2012; Sozzi, Carlo/F-4158-2012; McClements, Ken/H-7985-2012; Alonso, Manuel/A-4836-2013; Imbeaux, Frederic/A-7614-2013; Sattin, Fabio/B-5620-2013; Dep Theor Physics, Computer Modeling/E-6336-2013; Dorland, William/B-4403-2009; Mantica, Paola/K-3033-2012; Baciero, Alfonso/B-4942-2008; Tresset, Guillaume/B-9009-2008; Peeters, Arthur/A-1281-2009; Onjun, Thawatchai/A-3016-2009; travere, jean-marcel/A-9896-2009; Hutchinson, Ian/D-1136-2009; Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; Schweinzer, Josef/C-9242-2009; Gans, Timo/C-5035-2008; Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011; Dumbrajs, Olgierd/D-5526-2011; GAUTHIER, Eric/E-1076-2011; Figueiredo, Antonio/F-9261-2011; Estrada, Teresa/N-9048-2016; Goncalves, Bruno/H-8679-2012; Plyusnin, Vladislav/N-1253-2013; Gerasimov, Sergei/O-4881-2015; Neu, Rudolf /B-4438-2010; Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016; Solano, Emilia/A-1212-2009; Brezinsek, Sebastijan/B-2796-2017; Balbin, Rosa/F-8210-2010; Chitarin, Giuseppe/H-6133-2012; Coenen, Jan Willem/K-7802-2013; Hidalgo, Carlos/H-6109-2015; Ascasibar, Enrique/B-7498-2014; Varela, Paulo/N-3408-2013; Fresa, Raffaele/I-3330-2012; Varandas, Carlos/N-3519-2013; Sousa, Jorge/M-6158-2013; Vega, Jesus/H-1530-2015; Miano, Giovanni/L-3507-2014; de Arcas, Guillermo/M-2830-2014; OI Coster, David/0000-0002-2470-9706; Westerhof, Egbert/0000-0002-0749-9399; Silva, Carlos/0000-0001-6348-0505; Fernandes, Horacio/0000-0001-6542-7767; Coelho, Rui/0000-0002-1127-1661; Gaudio, Pasqualino /0000-0003-0861-558X; Mlynar, Jan/0000-0003-4718-4321; Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584; Bruschi, Alessandro/0000-0002-0139-6401; Lang, Peter/0000-0003-1586-8518; garcia-munoz, manuel/0000-0002-3241-502X; Ratta, Giuseppe/0000-0002-5676-9631; Tribaldos, Victor/0000-0002-8683-9338; Panek, Radomir/0000-0002-6106-3422; Cruz, Nuno Sergio/0000-0002-3976-4871; Borba, Duarte/0000-0001-5305-2857; Albanese, Raffaele/0000-0003-4586-8068; Garcia-Cortes, Isabel/0000-0002-5223-391X; De Tommasi, Gianmaria/0000-0002-8509-7176; Ariola, Marco/0000-0002-8660-8468; Hron, Martin/0000-0003-3987-8040; Sozzi, Carlo/0000-0001-8951-0071; Alonso, Manuel/0000-0002-4677-1252; Dorland, William/0000-0003-2915-724X; Hutchinson, Ian/0000-0003-4276-6576; Gans, Timo/0000-0003-1362-8000; Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647; Figueiredo, Antonio/0000-0003-0487-8956; Estrada, Teresa/0000-0001-6205-2656; Goncalves, Bruno/0000-0003-0670-1214; Plyusnin, Vladislav/0000-0003-1277-820X; Gerasimov, Sergei/0000-0002-6249-2931; Neu, Rudolf /0000-0002-6062-1955; Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901; Solano, Emilia/0000-0002-4815-3407; Brezinsek, Sebastijan/0000-0002-7213-3326; Balbin, Rosa/0000-0001-5231-1300; Chitarin, Giuseppe/0000-0003-3060-8466; Coenen, Jan Willem/0000-0002-8579-908X; Ascasibar, Enrique/0000-0001-8124-0994; Varela, Paulo/0000-0002-6865-8066; Pereira, Rita C./0000-0002-3834-3709; Nabais, Fernando/0000-0003-4644-2827; Ambrosino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-2549-2772; Kovari, Michael/0000-0001-7847-1732; Belonohy, Eva/0000-0002-1045-4634; Jednorog, Slawomir/0000-0003-4996-6917; Ferreira, Jorge/0000-0001-5015-7207; Fresa, Raffaele/0000-0001-5140-0299; Carvalho, Bernardo/0000-0002-8790-8999; sartori, Filippo/0000-0002-3451-3467; POMARO, NICOLA/0000-0002-5024-1457; Varandas, Carlos/0000-0002-6164-0170; Snoj, Luka/0000-0003-3097-5928; Sousa, Jorge/0000-0003-3678-7610; Belo, Paula/0000-0001-5047-4392; Canik, John/0000-0001-6934-6681; Manso, Maria/0000-0002-1171-8689; Vega, Jesus/0000-0002-1622-3984; Porcelli, Francesco/0000-0002-3625-6417; Miano, Giovanni/0000-0002-5765-799X; Perelli Cippo, Enrico/0000-0002-8151-3427; Figueiredo, J./0000-0003-1356-7666; de Arcas, Guillermo/0000-0003-1699-7389; Neto, Andre/0000-0003-3875-3561; Angelone, Maurizio/0000-0003-4697-4604; Bizarro, Joao P. S./0000-0002-0698-6259; Rapp, Juergen/0000-0003-2785-9280; Mayer, Matej/0000-0002-5337-6963; Tokar, Mikhail/0000-0002-9536-9841; Prestopino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-2916-5883; Frassinetti, Lorenzo/0000-0002-9546-4494; Nunes, Isabel/0000-0003-0542-1982; Tabares, Francisco/0000-0001-7045-8672; GARAVAGLIA, SAUL FRANCESCO/0000-0002-8433-1901; Gelfusa, Michela/0000-0001-5158-7292; Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876; Almaviva, Salvatore/0000-0002-8671-9969; Unterberg, Bernhard/0000-0003-0866-957X; Romanelli, Francesco/0000-0001-9778-1090; Sjostrand, Henrik/0000-0002-7595-8024; Braic, Viorel/0000-0001-8132-1049; del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego/0000-0001-7183-801X; pillon, mario/0000-0001-5534-6859; Neubauer, Olaf/0000-0002-4516-4397 NR 109 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 56 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1540 EP 1554 AR PII S0029-5515(03)68825-3 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/002 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 760MT UT WOS:000187838300003 ER PT J AU Marmar, ES Bai, B Boivin, RL Bonoli, PT Boswell, C Bravenec, R Carreras, B Ernst, D Fiore, C Gangadhara, S Gentle, K Goetz, J Granetz, R Greenwald, M Hallatschek, K Hastie, J Hosea, J Hubbard, A Hughes, JW Hutchinson, I In, Y Irby, J Jennings, T Kopon, D Kramer, G LaBombard, B Lee, WD Lin, Y Lipschultz, B Liptac, J Lynn, A Marr, K Maqueda, R Melby, E Mikkelsen, D Mossessian, D Nazikian, R Nevins, WM Parker, R Pedersen, TS Phillips, CK Phillips, P Pitcher, CS Porkolab, M Ramos, J Redi, M Rice, J Rogers, BN Rowan, WL Sampsell, M Schilling, G Scott, S Snipes, J Snyder, P Stotler, D Taylor, G Terry, JL Wilson, H Wilson, JR Wolfe, SM Wukitch, S Xu, XQ Youngblood, B Yuh, H Zhurovich, K Zweben, S AF Marmar, ES Bai, B Boivin, RL Bonoli, PT Boswell, C Bravenec, R Carreras, B Ernst, D Fiore, C Gangadhara, S Gentle, K Goetz, J Granetz, R Greenwald, M Hallatschek, K Hastie, J Hosea, J Hubbard, A Hughes, JW Hutchinson, I In, Y Irby, J Jennings, T Kopon, D Kramer, G LaBombard, B Lee, WD Lin, Y Lipschultz, B Liptac, J Lynn, A Marr, K Maqueda, R Melby, E Mikkelsen, D Mossessian, D Nazikian, R Nevins, WM Parker, R Pedersen, TS Phillips, CK Phillips, P Pitcher, CS Porkolab, M Ramos, J Redi, M Rice, J Rogers, BN Rowan, WL Sampsell, M Schilling, G Scott, S Snipes, J Snyder, P Stotler, D Taylor, G Terry, JL Wilson, H Wilson, JR Wolfe, SM Wukitch, S Xu, XQ Youngblood, B Yuh, H Zhurovich, K Zweben, S TI Overview of recent Alcator C-Mod research SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion Energy Conference (FEC-2002) CY OCT, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID OHMIC H-MODE; TOROIDAL ROTATION; ION-CYCLOTRON; MHD STABILITY; TOKAMAK; PLASMAS; PEDESTAL; INSTABILITIES; SUPPRESSION; TURBULENCE AB Research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [1] is focused on high particle- and power-density plasma regimes to understand particle and energy transport in the core, the dynamics of the H-mode pedestal, and scrape-off layer and divertor physics. The auxiliary heating is provided exclusively by RF waves, and both the physics and technology of RF heating and current drive are studied. The momentum which is manifested in strong toroidal rotation, in the absence of direct momentum input, has been shown to be transported in from the edge of the plasma following the L-H transition, with timescale comparable to that for energy transport. In discharges which develop internal transport barriers, the rotation slows first inside the barrier region, and then subsequently outside of the barrier foot. Heat pulse propagation studies using sawteeth indicate a very narrow region of strongly reduced energy transport, located near r/a = 0.5. Addition of on-axis ICRF heating arrests the buildup of density and impurities, leading to quasi-steady conditions. The quasi-coherent mode associated with enhanced D-Alpha (EDA) H-mode appears to be due to a resistive ballooning instability. As the pedestal pressure gradient and temperature are increased in EDA H-mode, small ELMs appear; detailed modelling indicates that these are due to intermediate n peeling-ballooning modes. Phase contrast imaging has been used to directly detect density fluctuations driven by ICRF waves in the core of the plasma, and mode conversion to an intermediate wavelength ion cyclotron wave has been observed for the first time. The bursty turbulent density fluctuations, observed to drive rapid cross-field particle transport in the edge plasma, appear to play a key role in the dynamics of the density limit. Preparations for quasi-steady-state advanced tokamak studies with lower hybrid current drive are well underway, and time dependent modelling indicates that regimes with high bootstrap fraction can be produced. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. CRPP, Lausanne, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH USA. RP MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM marmar@psfc.mit.edu RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; Lin, Yijun/B-5711-2009; Hutchinson, Ian/D-1136-2009; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Hutchinson, Ian/0000-0003-4276-6576; Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X; Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1610 EP 1618 AR PII S0029-5515(03)63730-0 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/007 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 760MT UT WOS:000187838300008 ER PT J AU Synakowski, EJ Bell, MG Bell, RE Bigelow, T Bitter, M Blanchard, W Boedo, J Bourdelle, C Bush, C Darrow, DS Efthimion, PC Fredrickson, ED Gates, DA Gilmore, M Grisham, LR Hosea, JC Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kubota, S Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Lee, K Maingi, R Manickam, J Maqueda, R Mazzucato, E Medley, SS Menard, J Mueller, D Nelson, BA Neumeyer, C Ono, M Paoletti, F Park, HK Paul, SF Peng, YKM Phillips, CK Ramakrishnan, S Raman, R Roquemore, AL Rosenberg, A Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, V Stevenson, T Stutman, D Swain, DW Taylor, G Von Halle, A Wilgen, J Williams, M Wilson, JR Zweben, SJ Akers, R Barry, RE Beiersdorfer, P Bialek, JM Blagojevic, B Bonoli, PT Budny, R Carter, MD Chang, CS Chrzanowski, J Davis, W Deng, B Doyle, EJ Dudek, L Egedal, J Ellis, R Ferron, JR Finkenthal, M Foley, J Fredd, E Glasser, A Gibney, T Goldston, RJ Harvey, R Hatcher, RE Hawryluk, RJ Heidbrink, W Hill, KW Houlberg, W Jarboe, TR Jardin, SC Ji, H Kalish, M Lawrance, J Lao, LL Lee, KC Levinton, FM Luhmann, NC Majeski, R Marsala, R Mastravito, D Mau, TK McCormack, B Menon, MM Mitarai, O Nagata, M Nishino, N Okabayashi, M Oliaro, G Pacella, D Parsells, R Peebles, T Peneflor, B Piglowski, D Pinsker, R Porter, GD Ram, AK Redi, M Rensink, M Rewoldt, G Robinson, J Roney, P Schaffer, M Shaing, K Shiraiwa, S Sichta, P Stotler, D Stratton, BC Takase, Y Tang, X Vero, R Wampler, WR Wurden, GA Xu, XQ Yang, JG Zeng, L Zhu, W AF Synakowski, EJ Bell, MG Bell, RE Bigelow, T Bitter, M Blanchard, W Boedo, J Bourdelle, C Bush, C Darrow, DS Efthimion, PC Fredrickson, ED Gates, DA Gilmore, M Grisham, LR Hosea, JC Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kubota, S Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Lee, K Maingi, R Manickam, J Maqueda, R Mazzucato, E Medley, SS Menard, J Mueller, D Nelson, BA Neumeyer, C Ono, M Paoletti, F Park, HK Paul, SF Peng, YKM Phillips, CK Ramakrishnan, S Raman, R Roquemore, AL Rosenberg, A Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, V Stevenson, T Stutman, D Swain, DW Taylor, G Von Halle, A Wilgen, J Williams, M Wilson, JR Zweben, SJ Akers, R Barry, RE Beiersdorfer, P Bialek, JM Blagojevic, B Bonoli, PT Budny, R Carter, MD Chang, CS Chrzanowski, J Davis, W Deng, B Doyle, EJ Dudek, L Egedal, J Ellis, R Ferron, JR Finkenthal, M Foley, J Fredd, E Glasser, A Gibney, T Goldston, RJ Harvey, R Hatcher, RE Hawryluk, RJ Heidbrink, W Hill, KW Houlberg, W Jarboe, TR Jardin, SC Ji, H Kalish, M Lawrance, J Lao, LL Lee, KC Levinton, FM Luhmann, NC Majeski, R Marsala, R Mastravito, D Mau, TK McCormack, B Menon, MM Mitarai, O Nagata, M Nishino, N Okabayashi, M Oliaro, G Pacella, D Parsells, R Peebles, T Peneflor, B Piglowski, D Pinsker, R Porter, GD Ram, AK Redi, M Rensink, M Rewoldt, G Robinson, J Roney, P Schaffer, M Shaing, K Shiraiwa, S Sichta, P Stotler, D Stratton, BC Takase, Y Tang, X Vero, R Wampler, WR Wurden, GA Xu, XQ Yang, JG Zeng, L Zhu, W TI The national spherical torus experiment (NSTX) research programme and progress towards high beta, long pulse operating scenarios SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion Energy Conference (FEC-2002) CY OCT, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID TOKAMAK PLASMAS; CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; INSTABILITIES; EMISSION; LIMITS; WAVES AB A major research goal of the national spherical torus experiment is establishing long-pulse, high beta, high confinement operation and its physics basis. This research has been enabled by facility capabilities developed during 2001 and 2002, including neutral beam (up to 7 MW) and high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating (up to 6 MW), toroidal fields up to 6 kG, plasma currents up to 1.5 MA, flexible shape control, and wall preparation techniques. These capabilities have enabled the generation of plasmas with beta(T) equivalent to

/(B-T0(2)/2mu(0)) of up to 35%. Normalized beta values often exceed the no-wall limit, and studies suggest that passive wall mode stabilization enables this for H mode plasmas with broad pressure profiles. The viability of long, high bootstrap current fraction operations has been established for ELMing H mode plasmas with toroidal beta values in excess of 15% and sustained for several current relaxation times. Improvements in wall conditioning and fuelling are likely contributing to a reduction in H mode power thresholds. Electron thermal conduction is the dominant thermal loss channel in auxiliary heated plasmas examined thus far. HHFW effectively heats electrons, and its acceleration of fast beam ions has been observed. Evidence for HHFW current drive is obtained by comparision of the loop voltage evolution in plasmas with matched density and temperature profiles but varying phases of launched HHFW waves. Studies of emissions from electron Bernstein waves indicate a density scale length dependence of their transmission across the upper hybrid resonance near the plasma edge that is consistent with theoretical predictions. A peak heat flux to the divertor targets of 10 MW m(-2) has been measured in the H-mode, with large asymmetries being observed in the power deposition between the inner and outer strike points. Non-inductive plasma startup studies have focused on coaxial helicity injection. With this technique, toroidal currents up to 400 kA have been driven, and studies to assess flux closure and coupling to other current drive techniques have begun. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Lab, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Compx, Del Mar, CA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Princeton Sci Instruments, Princeton, NJ USA. Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ USA. Kyushu Tokai Univ, Kumamoto, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Okayama, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima 730, Japan. ENEA, Frascati, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Synakowski, EJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM synakowski@pppl.gov RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Nishino, Nobuhiro/D-6390-2011; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 47 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1653 EP 1664 AR PII S0029-5515(03)38967-2 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/011 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 760MT UT WOS:000187838300012 ER PT J AU Motojima, O Ohyabu, N Komori, A Kaneko, O Yamada, H Kawahata, K Nakamura, Y Ida, K Akiyama, T Ashikawa, N Cooper, WA Ejiri, A Emoto, M Ezumi, N Funaba, H Fukuyama, A Goncharov, P Goto, M Idei, H Ikeda, K Inagaki, S Isobe, M Kado, S Kawazome, H Khlopenkov, K Kobuchi, T Kondo, K Kostrioukov, A Kubo, S Kumazawa, R Liang, Y Lyon, JF Mase, A Masuzaki, S Minami, T Miyazawa, J Morisaki, T Morita, S Murakami, S Muto, S Mutoh, T Nagaoka, K Nagayama, Y Nakajima, N Nakamura, K Nakanishi, H Narihara, K Narushima, Y Nishimura, K Nishino, N Noda, N Notake, T Nozato, H Ohdachi, S Oka, Y Okada, H Okamura, S Osakabe, M Ozaki, T Peterson, BJ Sagara, A Saida, T Saito, K Sakakibara, S Sakamoto, M Sakamoto, R Sasao, M Sato, K Sato, M Seki, T Shimozuma, T Shoji, M Suzuki, H Takeiri, Y Takeuchi, N Tamura, N Tanaka, K Tanaka, MY Teramachi, Y Toi, K Tokuzawa, T Tomota, Y Torii, Y Tsumori, K Watanabe, KY Watari, T Xu, Y Yamada, I Yamamoto, S Yamamoto, T Yokoyama, M Yoshimura, S Yoshimura, Y Yoshinuma, M Asakura, N Fujita, T Fukuda, T Hatae, T Higashijima, S Isayama, A Kamada, Y Kubo, H Kusama, Y Miura, Y Nakano, Y Ninomiya, H Oikawa, T Oyama, N Sakamoto, Y Shinohara, K Suzuki, T Takenaga, H Ushigusa, K Hino, T Ichimura, M Takase, Y Sano, F Zushi, H Satow, T Imagawa, S Mito, T Ohtake, I Uda, T Itoh, K Ohkubo, K Sudo, S Yamazaki, K Matsuoka, K Hamada, Y Fujiwara, M AF Motojima, O Ohyabu, N Komori, A Kaneko, O Yamada, H Kawahata, K Nakamura, Y Ida, K Akiyama, T Ashikawa, N Cooper, WA Ejiri, A Emoto, M Ezumi, N Funaba, H Fukuyama, A Goncharov, P Goto, M Idei, H Ikeda, K Inagaki, S Isobe, M Kado, S Kawazome, H Khlopenkov, K Kobuchi, T Kondo, K Kostrioukov, A Kubo, S Kumazawa, R Liang, Y Lyon, JF Mase, A Masuzaki, S Minami, T Miyazawa, J Morisaki, T Morita, S Murakami, S Muto, S Mutoh, T Nagaoka, K Nagayama, Y Nakajima, N Nakamura, K Nakanishi, H Narihara, K Narushima, Y Nishimura, K Nishino, N Noda, N Notake, T Nozato, H Ohdachi, S Oka, Y Okada, H Okamura, S Osakabe, M Ozaki, T Peterson, BJ Sagara, A Saida, T Saito, K Sakakibara, S Sakamoto, M Sakamoto, R Sasao, M Sato, K Sato, M Seki, T Shimozuma, T Shoji, M Suzuki, H Takeiri, Y Takeuchi, N Tamura, N Tanaka, K Tanaka, MY Teramachi, Y Toi, K Tokuzawa, T Tomota, Y Torii, Y Tsumori, K Watanabe, KY Watari, T Xu, Y Yamada, I Yamamoto, S Yamamoto, T Yokoyama, M Yoshimura, S Yoshimura, Y Yoshinuma, M Asakura, N Fujita, T Fukuda, T Hatae, T Higashijima, S Isayama, A Kamada, Y Kubo, H Kusama, Y Miura, Y Nakano, Y Ninomiya, H Oikawa, T Oyama, N Sakamoto, Y Shinohara, K Suzuki, T Takenaga, H Ushigusa, K Hino, T Ichimura, M Takase, Y Sano, F Zushi, H Satow, T Imagawa, S Mito, T Ohtake, I Uda, T Itoh, K Ohkubo, K Sudo, S Yamazaki, K Matsuoka, K Hamada, Y Fujiwara, M TI Recent advances in the LHD experiment SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion Energy Conference (FEC-2002) CY OCT, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID LARGE HELICAL DEVICE; ENERGY CONFINEMENT TIME; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; THERMAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION; LONG-PULSE DISCHARGES; ICRF HEATED PLASMAS; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; IMPURITY BEHAVIOR; ION AB In the first four years of the LHD experiment, several encouraging results have emerged, the most significant of which is that MHD stability and good transport are compatible in the inward shifted axis configuration. The observed energy confinement at this optimal configuration is consistent with ISS95 scaling with an enhancement factor of 1.5. The confinement enhancement over the smaller heliotron devices is attributed to the high edge temperature. We find that the plasma with an average beta of 3% is stable in this configuration, even though the theoretical stability conditions of Mercier modes and pressure driven low-n modes are violated. In the low density discharges heated by NBI and ECR, internal transport barrier (ITB) and an associated high central temperature (> 10 keV) are seen. The radial electric field measured in these discharges is positive (electron root) and expected to play a key role in the formation of the ITB. The positive electric field is also found to suppress the ion thermal diffusivity as predicted by neoclassical transport theory. The width of the externally imposed island (n/m = 1/1) is found to decrease when the plasma is collisionless with finite beta and increase when the plasma is collisional. The ICRF heating in LHD is successful and a high energy tail (up to 500 keV) has been detected for minority ion heating, demonstrating good confinement of the high energy particles. The magnetic field line structure unique to the heliotron edge configuration is confirmed by measuring the plasma density and temperature profiles on the divertor plate. A long pulse (2 min) discharge with an ICRF power of 0.4 MW has been demonstrated and the energy confinement characteristics are almost the same as those in short pulse discharges. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Nucl Reactors Res Lab, Tokyo 152, Japan. EPFL, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Tokyo, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Uji, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Dept Fus Sci, Hayama, Japan. Univ Tokyo, High Temp Plasma Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Kyushu Univ, Adv Sci & Technol Ctr Cooperat Res, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Fac Engn, Hiroshima 730, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Engn & Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Ibaraki Univ, Dept Engn, Ibaraki, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Fac Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Motojima, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu, Japan. EM motojima@LHD.nifs.ac.jp RI Nozato, Hideaki/C-9620-2011; Nishino, Nobuhiro/D-6390-2011; Sakamoto, Ryuichi/E-7557-2013; Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013; Goncharov, Pavel/I-4288-2013; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Idei, Hiroshi/F-3291-2015; Murakami, Sadayoshi/A-2191-2016; Mito, Toshiyuki/E-7537-2013; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ida, Katsumi/E-4731-2016 OI Sakamoto, Ryuichi/0000-0002-4453-953X; Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531; Goncharov, Pavel/0000-0001-9226-1694; Murakami, Sadayoshi/0000-0002-2526-7137; Mito, Toshiyuki/0000-0002-1705-9039; Ida, Katsumi/0000-0002-0585-4561 NR 52 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 15 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1674 EP 1683 AR PII S0029-5515(03)675-1 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/013 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 760MT UT WOS:000187838300014 ER PT J AU Sarff, JS Almagri, AF Anderson, JK Biewer, TM Blair, AP Cengher, M Chapman, BE Chattopadhyay, PK Craig, D Den Hartog, DJ Ebrahimi, F Fiksel, G Forest, CB Goetz, JA Holly, D Hudson, B Lovell, TW McCollam, KJ Nonn, PD O'Connell, R Oliva, SP Prager, SC Reardon, JC Thomas, MA Wyman, MD Brower, DL Ding, WX Terry, SD Carter, MD Davydenko, VI Ivanov, AA Harvey, RW Pinsker, RI Xiao, C AF Sarff, JS Almagri, AF Anderson, JK Biewer, TM Blair, AP Cengher, M Chapman, BE Chattopadhyay, PK Craig, D Den Hartog, DJ Ebrahimi, F Fiksel, G Forest, CB Goetz, JA Holly, D Hudson, B Lovell, TW McCollam, KJ Nonn, PD O'Connell, R Oliva, SP Prager, SC Reardon, JC Thomas, MA Wyman, MD Brower, DL Ding, WX Terry, SD Carter, MD Davydenko, VI Ivanov, AA Harvey, RW Pinsker, RI Xiao, C TI Tokamak-like confinement at a high beta and low toroidal field in the MST reversed field pinch SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion Energy Conference (FEC-2002) CY OCT, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID POLOIDAL CURRENT DRIVE; TRANSPORT; TORUS; FLUCTUATION; REDUCTION; PLASMAS AB Energy confinement comparable with tokamak quality is achieved in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) reversed field pinch (RFP) at a high beta and low toroidal magnetic field. Magnetic fluctuations normally present in the RFP are reduced via parallel current drive in the outer region of the plasma. In response, the electron temperature nearly triples and beta doubles. The confinement time increases ten-fold (to similar to10 ms), which is comparable with L- and H-mode scaling values for a tokamak with the same plasma current, density, heating power, size and shape. Runaway electron confinement is evidenced by a 100-fold increase in hard x-ray bremsstrahlung. Fokker-Planck modelling of the x-ray energy spectrum reveals that the high energy electron diffusion is independent of the parallel velocity, uncharacteristic of magnetic transport and more like that for electrostatic turbulence. The high core electron temperature correlates strongly with a broadband reduction of resonant modes at mid-radius where the stochasticity is normally most intense. To extend profile control and add auxiliary heating, rf current drive and neutral beam heating are in development. Low power lower-hybrid and electron Bernstein wave injection experiments are underway. Dc current sustainment via ac helicity injection (sinusoidal inductive loop voltages) is also being tested. Low power neutral beam injection shows that fast ions are well-confined, even in the presence of relatively large magnetic fluctuations. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. CompX, Del Mar, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Sarff, JS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jssarff@wisc.edu OI Ebrahimi, Fatima/0000-0003-3109-5367 NR 31 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1684 EP 1692 AR PII S0029-5155(03)70949-1 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/014 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 760MT UT WOS:000187838300015 ER PT J AU Sethian, JD Friedman, M Lehmberg, RH Myers, M Obenschain, SP Giuliani, J Kepple, P Schmitt, AJ Colombant, D Gardner, J Hegeler, F Wolford, M Swanekamp, SB Weidenheimer, D Welch, D Rose, D Payne, S Bibeau, C Baraymian, A Beach, R Schaffers, K Freitas, B Skulina, K Meier, W Latkowski, J Perkins, LJ Goodin, D Petzoldt, R Stephens, E Najmabadi, F Tillack, M Raffray, R Dragojlovic, Z Haynes, A Peterson, R Kulcinski, G Hoffer, J Geller, D Schroen, D Streit, J Olson, C Tanaka, T Renk, T Rochau, G Snead, L Ghoneim, N Lucas, G AF Sethian, JD Friedman, M Lehmberg, RH Myers, M Obenschain, SP Giuliani, J Kepple, P Schmitt, AJ Colombant, D Gardner, J Hegeler, F Wolford, M Swanekamp, SB Weidenheimer, D Welch, D Rose, D Payne, S Bibeau, C Baraymian, A Beach, R Schaffers, K Freitas, B Skulina, K Meier, W Latkowski, J Perkins, LJ Goodin, D Petzoldt, R Stephens, E Najmabadi, F Tillack, M Raffray, R Dragojlovic, Z Haynes, A Peterson, R Kulcinski, G Hoffer, J Geller, D Schroen, D Streit, J Olson, C Tanaka, T Renk, T Rochau, G Snead, L Ghoneim, N Lucas, G TI Fusion energy with lasers, direct drive targets, and dry wall chambers SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fusion Energy Conference (FEC-2002) CY OCT, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; MERCURY LASER; POWER-PLANT; DESIGN; GROWTH; INJECTION; SOMBRERO; PLASMAS; REACTOR AB A coordinated, focused effort is underway to develop Laser Inertial Fusion Energy. The key components are developed in concert with one another and the science and engineering issues are addressed concurrently. Recent advances include: target designs have been evaluated that show it could be possible to achieve the high gains (>100) needed for a practical fusion system. These designs feature a low-density CH foam that is wicked with solid DT and over-coated with a thin high-Z layer. These results have been verified with three independent one-dimensional codes, and are now being evaluated with two- and three-dimensional codes. Two types of lasers are under development: Krypton Fluoride (KrF) gas lasers and Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers (DPSSL). Both have recently achieved repetitive 'first light', and both have made progress in meeting the fusion energy requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. This paper also presents the advances in development of chamber operating windows (target survival plus no wall erosion), final optics (aluminium at grazing incidence has high reflectivity and exceeds the required laser damage threshold), target fabrication (demonstration of smooth DT ice layers grown over foams, batch production of foam shells, and appropriate high-Z overcoats), and target injection (new facility for target injection and tracking studies). C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Commonwealth Technol Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. SAIC, Mclean, VA USA. JAYCOR, Alexandria, VA USA. Titan Pulse Sci Div, San Leandro, CA USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM sethian@this.nrl.navy.mil RI Wolford, Matthew/D-5834-2013 OI Wolford, Matthew/0000-0002-8624-1336 NR 44 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1693 EP 1709 AR PII S0029-5515(03)67272-8 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/015 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 760MT UT WOS:000187838300016 ER PT J AU Luxon, JL Schaffer, MJ Jackson, GL Leuer, JA Nagy, A Scoville, JT Strait, EJ AF Luxon, JL Schaffer, MJ Jackson, GL Leuer, JA Nagy, A Scoville, JT Strait, EJ TI Anomalies in the applied magnetic fields in DIII-D and their implications for the understanding of stability experiments SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID D TOKAMAK; PLASMA-DEVICES; MHD STABILITY; DISCHARGES; JET; PERTURBATIONS; LIMITS AB Small non-axisymmetric magnetic fields are known to cause serious loss of stability in tokamaks, leading to loss of confinement and abrupt termination of plasma current (disruptions). The best known examples are the locked mode and the resistive wall mode. Understanding of the underlying field anomalies (departures in the hardware-related fields from ideal toroidal and poloidal fields on a single axis) and the interaction of the plasma with them is crucial to tokamak development. Results of both locked mode experiments (Scoville J.T. and La Haye R.J. 2003 Nucl. Fusion 43 250) and resistive wall mode experiments (Garofalo A.M., La Haye R.J. and Scoville J.T. 2002 Nucl. Fusion 42 1335) done in DIII-D tokamak plasmas have been interpreted to indicate the presence of a significant anomalous field. New measurements of the magnetic field anomalies of the hardware systems have been made in DIII-D. The measured field anomalies due to the plasma shaping coils in DIII-D are smaller than previously reported (La Haye R.J. and Scoville J.T. 1991 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 612146). Additional evaluations of systematic errors have been made. New measurements of the anomalous fields of the Ohmic heating and toroidal coils have been added. Such detailed in situ measurements of the fields of a tokamak are unique. The anomalous fields from all the coils are one-third the values indicated from the stability experiments (Garofalo et al 2002, Scoville and La Haye 2003). These results indicate limitations in the understanding of the interaction of the plasma with the external field. They indicate that it may not be possible to deduce the anomalous fields in a tokamak from plasma experiments and that we may not have the basis needed to project the error field requirements of future tokamaks. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Luxon, JL (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 21 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1813 EP 1828 AR PII S0029-5515(03)70602-4 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/024 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 760MT UT WOS:000187838300025 ER PT J AU Martin, P Marrelli, L Spizzo, G Franz, P Piovesan, P Predebon, I Bolzonella, T Cappello, S Cravotta, A Escande, DF Frassinetti, L Ortolani, S Paccagnella, R Terranova, D Chapman, BE Craig, D Prager, SC Sarff, JS Brunsell, P Malmberg, JA Drake, J Yagi, Y Koguchi, H Hirano, Y White, RB Sovinec, C Xiao, C Nebel, RA Schnack, DD AF Martin, P Marrelli, L Spizzo, G Franz, P Piovesan, P Predebon, I Bolzonella, T Cappello, S Cravotta, A Escande, DF Frassinetti, L Ortolani, S Paccagnella, R Terranova, D Chapman, BE Craig, D Prager, SC Sarff, JS Brunsell, P Malmberg, JA Drake, J Yagi, Y Koguchi, H Hirano, Y White, RB Sovinec, C Xiao, C Nebel, RA Schnack, DD CA RFX Team MST Team EXTRAP T2R Team TPE-RX Team TI Overview of quasi-single helicity experiments in reversed field pinches SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TEARING MODES; PLASMA; CORE; RFX; FLUCTUATIONS; CONFINEMENT; RELAXATION; TRANSPORT; PARADIGM; DYNAMICS AB We report the results of an experimental and theoretical international project dedicated to the study of quasi-single helicity (QSH) reversed field pinch (RFP) plasmas. The project has involved several RFP devices and numerical codes. It appears that QSH spectra are a robust feature common to all the experiments. Our results expand and reinforce the evidence that the formation of self-organized states with one dominant helical mode (Ohmic SH state) is an approach complementary to that of active control of magnetic turbulence to improve confinement in a steady state RFP. C1 EURATOM, Consorzio RFX, ENEA Fus, Padua, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Div Fus Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, VR, Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Plasma Theory & Computat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Martin, P (reprint author), EURATOM, Consorzio RFX, ENEA Fus, Padua, Italy. EM piero.martin@igi.cnr.it RI Marrelli, Lionello/G-4451-2013; White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; Spizzo, Gianluca/B-7075-2009; Cappello, Susanna/H-9968-2013; OI Marrelli, Lionello/0000-0001-5370-080X; White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Spizzo, Gianluca/0000-0001-8586-2168; Cappello, Susanna/0000-0002-2022-1113; Escande, Dominique/0000-0002-0460-8385; Frassinetti, Lorenzo/0000-0002-9546-4494 NR 36 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 18 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1855 EP 1862 AR PII S0029-5515(03)70605-X DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/028 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 760MT UT WOS:000187838300029 ER PT J AU Va'vra, J AF Va'vra, J TI Physics and chemistry of aging - early developments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Aging Phenomena in Gaseous Detectors CY OCT 02-05, 2001 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP DESY DE chemistry of aging in detectors; detector problems ID OUTER TRACKER; HERA-B; GASES; DETECTORS; MIXTURES; HELIUM; TUBES; TMAE AB The aging phenomena are very complex physical and chemical processes. The author attempts to qualitatively discuss various physical processes contributing to aging. A satisfactory quantitative explanation is not presently available. In this sense, little progress has been made since the 1986 LBL Aging Workshop. However, what was accomplished during the past decade is a heightened awareness from the research and management sides to pay more attention to this problem, and as a result a number of aging tests have increased in quantity and quality. These efforts will undoubtedly yield some new results in the future. Examples in this paper are mainly from a "pre-LHC and pre-HERA-B era of aging," where the total charge doses are limited to much less than 1 C/cm. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Bin 62,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.124 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 749FE UT WOS:000186907900002 ER PT J AU Binkley, M Wagner, RL Mukherjee, A Ambrose, D Bauer, G Khazins, DM Atac, M AF Binkley, M Wagner, RL Mukherjee, A Ambrose, D Bauer, G Khazins, DM Atac, M TI Aging in large CDF tracking chambers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Aging Phenomena in Gaseous Detectors CY OCT 02-05, 2001 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP DESY DE aging; wire; chamber; gaseous; clean; alcohol; argon; ethane AB The experience of the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) with aging in the large axial drift chamber responsible for tracking in the central region is presented. Premature aging in the Run I chamber was observed after only 0.02 C/cm. After cleaning much of the gas system and making modifications to reduce aerosols from the alcohol bubbler, the observed aging rate fell dramatically in test chambers. Considerable effort has been made to better understand the factors that affect aging since the replacement chamber for Run 2 will accumulate about 1.0 C/cm. Current test chambers using the full CDF gas system show aging rates of less than 5%/C/cm. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Binkley, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.130 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 749FE UT WOS:000186907900008 ER PT J AU Boyarski, AM AF Boyarski, AM TI Additives that prevent or reverse cathode aging in drift chambers with helium-isobutane gas SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Aging Phenomena in Gaseous Detectors CY OCT 02-05, 2001 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP DESY DE drift chamber aging; cathode aging; aging cure; reverse aging AB Noise and Malter breakdown have been studied at high rates in a test chamber with the same cell structure and gas as the BaBar drift chamber. The chamber was first damaged by exposing it to a high source level at an elevated high voltage, until its operating current at normal voltages was only similar to 0. 5 nA/cm. Additives such as water or alcohol allowed the damaged chamber to operate at 25 nA/cm, but when the additive was removed, the operating point reverted to the original low value. However, with 0.024.05% oxygen or 5% carbon dioxide, the chamber could operate at more than 25 nA/cm and continued to operate at this level even after the additive was removed. This shows for the first time that running with an O-2 or CO2 additive at high ionization levels can cure a damaged chamber from breakdown problems. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Boyarski, AM (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 95,2575 Sand Hill Rd,Menlo Pk, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 1-2 BP 190 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.148 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 749FE UT WOS:000186907900026 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Apollinari, G Arisaka, K Bondar, N Breedon, R Bujak, A Bylsma, B Chester, N Clare, R Cline, D Cousins, R Cox, T Dolinsky, S Durkin, S Eartly, D Ivanov, Y Ferguson, T Gavrilov, G Ignatenko, M Ilie, S Jiang, C Ko, W Korytov, A Krivshich, A Kuznetsova, K Layter, J Lee, R Levtchenko, P Ling, TY Loveless, D Lusin, S Maeshima, K Madorsky, A Matthey, C Matveev, M von der Mey, M Mitselmakher, G Otwinowski, S Padley, P Pal, I Pischalnikov, Y Prokofiev, O Razmyslovich, V Reeder, D Roberts, J Schipunov, Y Smirnov, I Souvorou, V Stasko, J Sun, H Sytnik, V Terentyev, N Tripathi, M Vavilov, S Volkov, S Vorobyov, A Vorobyov, I Wang, L Yarba, V Zhou, L Zhu, Z AF Acosta, D Apollinari, G Arisaka, K Bondar, N Breedon, R Bujak, A Bylsma, B Chester, N Clare, R Cline, D Cousins, R Cox, T Dolinsky, S Durkin, S Eartly, D Ivanov, Y Ferguson, T Gavrilov, G Ignatenko, M Ilie, S Jiang, C Ko, W Korytov, A Krivshich, A Kuznetsova, K Layter, J Lee, R Levtchenko, P Ling, TY Loveless, D Lusin, S Maeshima, K Madorsky, A Matthey, C Matveev, M von der Mey, M Mitselmakher, G Otwinowski, S Padley, P Pal, I Pischalnikov, Y Prokofiev, O Razmyslovich, V Reeder, D Roberts, J Schipunov, Y Smirnov, I Souvorou, V Stasko, J Sun, H Sytnik, V Terentyev, N Tripathi, M Vavilov, S Volkov, S Vorobyov, A Vorobyov, I Wang, L Yarba, V Zhou, L Zhu, Z TI Aging tests of full-scale CMS muon cathode strip chambers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Aging Phenomena in Gaseous Detectors CY OCT 02-05, 2001 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP DESY DE aging; cathode strip chamber; radiation; CMS AB Two CNIS production Cathode Strip Chambers were tested for aging effects in a high-radiation environment at the Gamma Irradiation Facility at CERN. The chambers were irradiated over a large area: in total, about 2.1 m(2) or 700 m of wire in each chamber. The 40% Ar + 50% CO2 + 10% CF4 gas mixture was provided by an open-loop gas system for one of the chambers and by a closed-loop re-circulating gas system for the other. After an accumulation of 0.3-0.4 C/cm of a wire, equivalent to about 30-50 years of operation at peak LHC luminosity, no significant changes in gas gain, chamber efficiency and wire signal noise were observed for either of the two chambers. The only consistent signs of aging were a small increase in dark current from similar to2 to similar to10 nA per plane of 600 wires and a decrease of strip-to-strip resistance from 1000 to 10-100 GOmega. Disassembly of the chambers revealed deposits on the cathode planes, while the anode wires remained fairly clean. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. PNPI, Gatchina 188350, Leningrad Dist, Russia. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Prokofiev, O (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 316, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; OI Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Dolinsky, Sergei/0000-0002-2789-453X NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 1-2 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.09.002 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 749FE UT WOS:000186907900030 ER PT J AU Ferguson, T Gavrilov, G Gratchev, V Dalin, JM Krivchitch, A Kuznetsova, E Lebedev, V Lobachev, E Polychronakos, V Schipunov, L Tchernjatin, V AF Ferguson, T Gavrilov, G Gratchev, V Dalin, JM Krivchitch, A Kuznetsova, E Lebedev, V Lobachev, E Polychronakos, V Schipunov, L Tchernjatin, V TI Swelling phenomena in anode wires aging under a high accumulated dose SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Aging Phenomena in Gaseous Detectors CY OCT 02-05, 2001 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP DESY DE aging; intensive irradiation; wire swelling; oxidation; tungsten ID TUBES AB We present results from an aging investigation of straw drift-tubes placed under sustained irradiation from a 2 Ci Sr-90 beta-source. The aging phenomenon of gold-plated tungsten wires with diameters 25, 30 and 35 mum with accumulated charges up to 9 C/cm was studied thoroughly. Aging tests were carried out with different gas mixtures: 70% Xe + 10% CO2+20% CF4, 60% Ar+30% CO2+10% CF4, 40% Ar+40% CO2+20% C2H2F4, and 60% Ar+30% CO2+ 10% C2H2F4. As a result of the aging process, the gold coating on the wires was damaged, and the wire diameter increased. For the first two gas mixtures, the wire swelling effect was concentrated only in the center of the irradiated zone. In comparison, the performance deterioration in the mixtures containing C2H2F4 proved to be quite different. The gold coating on the wires was damaged, but outside the irradiating area. Large deposits were found on the wire surface, both in the vicinity of the irradiated zone and downstream of the gas flow. All deposits contained tungsten and oxygen, resulting in the local increase of the wire diameter by 36% (from 30 to 41 mum). Our data show that both aforementioned aging effects have a similar reason: the swelling of the wire material that creates forces within the anode wire and cracks the gold coating. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, St Petersburg D, Russia. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Krivchitch, A (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, St Petersburg D, Russia. RI Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014 OI Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 1-2 BP 266 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.09.009 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 749FE UT WOS:000186907900037 ER PT J AU Lau, K Atiya, M Broemmelsiek, D Hamacher, T Ispiryan, M Korpar, S Krizan, P Maas, P McGill, J Pyrlik, J Reeves, K Rose, P Rosen, J Schwarz, AS Schwitters, R Staric, M AF Lau, K Atiya, M Broemmelsiek, D Hamacher, T Ispiryan, M Korpar, S Krizan, P Maas, P McGill, J Pyrlik, J Reeves, K Rose, P Rosen, J Schwarz, AS Schwitters, R Staric, M TI Test-beam aging studies of a TMAE prototype for the HERA-B RICH SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Aging Phenomena in Gaseous Detectors CY OCT 02-05, 2001 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP DESY DE aging; TMAE; HERA-B; RICH AB The aging properties of a wire chamber, operating in a methane/TMAE gas mixture, were studied in a beam test. We emphasize here the precautions taken to minimize aging due to materials used in the chamber, and the redundancy in the design of the test. We compare our aging results to those recorded in the literature and find good agreement in the overall aging properties as a function of dose. We also report the results of increasing the high voltage of the aged chamber to restore the gain. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Lau, K (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 3800 Calhoun Blvd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. OI Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 1-2 BP 313 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.09.016 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 749FE UT WOS:000186907900044 ER PT J AU Anulli, F Baldini, R Band, H Bionta, R Brau, J Brigljevic, V Buzzo, A Calcaterra, A Carpinelli, M Cartaro, T Cavallo, N Crosetti, G De Nardo, G De Sangro, R Eichenbaum, A Falciai, D Fabozzi, F Ferroni, F Finocchiaro, G Forti, F Frey, R Johnson, J Gatto, C Grauges-Pous, E Iwasaki, M Lange, D Lista, L Lo Vetere, M Lu, C Neal, H Neri, N Macri, M Messener, B Monge, MR Moore, T Morganti, S Palano, A Paoloni, E Paolucci, P Passaggio, S Pastore, F Patrignani, C Patteri, P Peruzzi, I Piccolo, D Piccolo, M Piredda, G Pompili, A Robutti, E Roodman, A Santroni, A Sciacca, C Sinev, N Soha, A Storm, D Tosi, S Va'vra, J Xie, Y Wright, D Wisniewski, W AF Anulli, F Baldini, R Band, H Bionta, R Brau, J Brigljevic, V Buzzo, A Calcaterra, A Carpinelli, M Cartaro, T Cavallo, N Crosetti, G De Nardo, G De Sangro, R Eichenbaum, A Falciai, D Fabozzi, F Ferroni, F Finocchiaro, G Forti, F Frey, R Johnson, J Gatto, C Grauges-Pous, E Iwasaki, M Lange, D Lista, L Lo Vetere, M Lu, C Neal, H Neri, N Macri, M Messener, B Monge, MR Moore, T Morganti, S Palano, A Paoloni, E Paolucci, P Passaggio, S Pastore, F Patrignani, C Patteri, P Peruzzi, I Piccolo, D Piccolo, M Piredda, G Pompili, A Robutti, E Roodman, A Santroni, A Sciacca, C Sinev, N Soha, A Storm, D Tosi, S Va'vra, J Xie, Y Wright, D Wisniewski, W TI Performances of RPCs in the BaBar experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Aging Phenomena in Gaseous Detectors CY OCT 02-05, 2001 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP DESY DE BaBar; RPCs; IFR AB The BaBar experiment uses a big system based on RPC detectors to discriminate muons from pions and to identify neutral hadrons. About 2000 m(2) of RPC chambers have been working at SLAC since the end of 1998. We report on the performances of the RPC chambers focusing on new problems discovered in the RPC behaviour. These problems started very soon after the installation of the chambers on the detector when the high-ambient temperature triggered an increase of dark currents inside the chambers and a reduction of the efficiency. Careful analysis of the BaBar data and dedicated R&D efforts in the laboratory have helped to identify the main source of the trouble in the linseed oil varnish on the bakelite electrodes. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartmento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Piccolo, D (reprint author), Complesso Univ Monte S Angelo, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. RI Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; OI Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072 NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 1-2 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.09.018 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 749FE UT WOS:000186907900046 ER PT J AU Va'vra, J AF Va'vra, J TI Summary of session 6: aging effects in RPC detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detectors are a very important part of present and future large-scale experiments. The present B-factory experiments, Belle and BaBar, operate at much larger luminosity (> 3 x 10(33) cm(-2) s(-1)) compared to their predecessors at LEP, where the RPC rates were not much higher than cosmic ray rates. Both Belle and BaBar RPC detectors operate in streamer mode. On the other hand, the LHC RPC detectors will operate in proportional mode, which is advantageous in terms of lower accumulated charge per track; however, it may be offset by considerably higher rates, assuming that the aging scales simply as total accumulated charge. The fear that the LHC RPC detectors may encounter similar difficulties as the B-factory RPCs prompted a very intensive R&D effort of rate-related deterioration. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SLAC Bin 62,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 515 IS 1-2 BP 354 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.09.023 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 749FE UT WOS:000186907900051 ER PT J AU Feldman, LC Lupke, G Tolk, NH Lopez, R Haglund, RF Haynes, TE Boatner, LA AF Feldman, LC Lupke, G Tolk, NH Lopez, R Haglund, RF Haynes, TE Boatner, LA TI Particle-solid interactions and 21st century materials science SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids CY JAN 19-24, 2003 CL PURI, INDIA SP Univ Hyderabad, Int Phys, Board Res Nucl Sci, Dept Sci & Technol, Coundil Sci & Ind Res, Def Res & Dev Org, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys ID TRANSITION; VO2 AB The basic physics that governs the interaction of energetic ion beams with solids has its roots in the atomic and nuclear physics of the last century. The central formalism of Jens Lindhard, describing the "particle-solid interaction", provides a valuable quantitative guide to statistically meaningful quantities such as energy loss, ranges, range straggling, channeling effects, sputtering coefficients, and damage intensity and profiles. Modern materials modification (nanoscience, solid state dynamics) requires atomic scale control of the particle-solid interaction. Two recent experimental examples are discussed: (1) the control of the size distribution of nanocrystals formed in implanted materials and (2) the investigation of the site-specific implantation of hydrogen into silicon. Both cases illustrate unique solid-state configurations, created by ion implantation, that address issues of current materials science interest. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Feldman, LC (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM leonard.c.feldman@vanderbilt.edu RI Lopez, Rene/G-3734-2014; Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Lopez, Rene/0000-0001-6274-066X; Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2003 VL 212 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01834-2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 745DL UT WOS:000186673700002 ER PT J AU Rehn, LE Birtcher, RC Baldo, PM McCormick, AW Funk, L AF Rehn, LE Birtcher, RC Baldo, PM McCormick, AW Funk, L TI Shock-wave production of nanoparticles during high-energy ion sputtering SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids CY JAN 19-24, 2003 CL PURI, INDIA SP Univ Hyderabad, Int Phys, Board Res Nucl Sci, Dept Sci & Technol, Coundil Sci & Ind Res, Def Res & Dev Org, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys ID CLUSTERS; DISTRIBUTIONS; BOMBARDMENT; SILVER AB Several previous studies have shown that the size distributions of smaller nanoparticles (n less than or equal to 40 where n is the number of atoms in a given cluster) generated by ion sputtering obey an inverse power law, with an exponent varying between -8 and -4, dependent upon the total sputtering yield. Such large negative exponents have not been explained by any simple physical mechanism. We reported electron microscopy studies of the size distributions of the larger nanoparticles (n > 500) that are sputtered from the surface by high-energy ion impacts. These measurements also yielded an inverse power law, but one with an exponent of -2, and one that is independent of total sputtering yield. This inverse-square dependence indicates that the clusters are produced when shock waves, generated by sub-surface displacement cascades, impact and ablate the surface. Many smaller clusters can result from fragmentation of these larger ones, which helps explain the large negative exponents that have been reported previously. In this paper, we briefly review the previous results. In addition, we present new results demonstrating that the same inverse-square size distribution is generated in both transmission and reflection sputtering geometries. An important corollary from these results is that the sputtered nanoparticles consist of simple fragments of the original surface, that is particles which have not experienced any large thermal excursions. Hence high-energy ion sputtering should provide a convenient method for synthesizing a broad distribution of nanoparticles of a wide variety of alloy phases. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehn, LE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rehn@anl.gov NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2003 VL 212 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01423-X PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 745DL UT WOS:000186673700055 ER PT J AU Miller, RB Loda, G Miller, RC Smith, R Shimer, D Seidt, C MacArt, M Mohr, H Robison, G Creely, P Bautista, J Oliva, T Young, LM DuBois, D AF Miller, RB Loda, G Miller, RC Smith, R Shimer, D Seidt, C MacArt, M Mohr, H Robison, G Creely, P Bautista, J Oliva, T Young, LM DuBois, D TI A high-power electron linear accelerator for food irradiation applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE accelerators; radiating processing; food irradiation AB The design and testing of a new microwave linac system is described. For electron beam kinetic energies in the range of 5-10 MeV, the average beam power capability exceeds 100 kW. A 5-MeV structure, consisting of 6.5 accelerating cells and six coupling cells, has been constructed and tested using a new inductive store/IGCT-switched modulator. This linac system has operated at maximum parameters of 4.7 MeV and 115 kW. It is presently installed and validated for food irradiation usage at the 100 kW level. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SureBeam Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Mech Design & Anal Inc, Park City, UT 84098 USA. RP Miller, RB (reprint author), SureBeam Corp, Suite 600,9276 Scranton Rd, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2003 VL 211 IS 4 BP 562 EP 570 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01515-5 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 741QK UT WOS:000186468600014 ER PT J AU Langanke, K Dean, DJ Nazarewicz, W AF Langanke, K Dean, DJ Nazarewicz, W TI Shell model Monte Carlo studies of nuclei in the A similar to 80 mass region SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID SHAPE COEXISTENCE; MICROSCOPIC ASPECTS; RICH NUCLEI; DEFORMATION AB We perform shell model Monte Carlo calculations for proton-rich Kr, Sr, and Zr isotopes in the mass range A = 72-84. We employ a complete 1p0f - 0g1d2s configuration space and an effective quadrupole-plus-pairing residual interaction. Our calculation reproduces the large B(E2) values observed in these nuclei. We relate these values to the gain in correlation energy obtained by moving nucleons across the N = 40 subshell closure into G(9/2) orbitals. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Langanke, K (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 728 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.08.024 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 737CA UT WOS:000186209700007 ER PT J AU Schafer, T AF Schafer, T TI Hard loops, soft loops, and high density effective field theory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID QUARK MATTER; GENERAL-THEORY; ELECTRON-GAS; QCD; PARTICLES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; COLLISIONS; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; PLASMA AB We study several issues related to the use of effective field theories in QCD at large baryon density. We show that the power counting is complicated by the appearance of two scales inside loop integrals. Hard dense loops involve the large scale mu(2) and lead to phenomena such as screening and damping at the scale gmu. Soft loops only involve small scales and lead to superfluidity and non-Fermi liquid behavior at exponentially small scales. Four-fermion operators in the effective theory are suppressed by powers of 1/mu, but they get enhanced by hard loops. As a consequence their contribution to the pairing gap is only suppressed by powers of the coupling constant, and not powers of 1/mu. We determine the coefficients of four-fermion operators in the effective theory by matching quark-quark scattering amplitudes. Finally, we introduce a perturbative scheme for computing corrections to the gap parameter in the superfluid phase. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC USA. EM thomas.schaefer@sunysb.edu OI Schaefer, Thomas/0000-0002-2297-782X NR 50 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 728 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.08.028 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 737CA UT WOS:000186209700014 ER PT J AU Forsberg, CW AF Forsberg, CW TI Molten-salt-cooled advanced high-temperature reactor for production of hydrogen and electricity SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE molten salt; high-temperature reactor; hydrogen production AB The molten-salt-cooled Advanced High-Temperature Reactor (AHTR) is a new reactor concept designed to provide very high-temperature (750 to 1000degreesC) heat to enable efficient low-cost thermochemical production of hydrogen (H-2) or production of electricity. This paper provides an initial description and technical analysis of its key features. The proposed AHTR uses coated-particle graphite-matrix fuel similar to that used in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), such as the General Atomics gas turbine-modular helium reactor. However, unlike the HTGRs, the AHTR uses a molten-salt coolant and a pool configuration, similar to that of the General Electric Super Power Reactor Inherently Safe Module (S-PRISM) liquid-metal reactor. Because the boiling points for molten fluoride salts are near similar to1400degreesC, the reactor can operate at very high temperatures and atmospheric pressure. For thermochemical H-2 production, the heat is delivered at the required near-constant high temperature and low pressure. For electricity production, a multireheat helium Brayton (gas-turbine) cycle, with efficiencies >50%, is used. The low-pressure molten-salt coolant, with its high heat capacity and natural circulation heat transfer capability, creates the potential for robust safety (including fully passive decay-heat removal) and improved economics with passive safety systems that allow higher power densities and scaling to large reactor sizes [>1000 MW(electric)]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cai, Jinling/M-3943-2013 OI Cai, Jinling/0000-0003-0588-6456 NR 24 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 144 IS 3 BP 289 EP 302 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 743PP UT WOS:000186583000002 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS Li, N AF Zhang, JS Li, N TI Improved application of local models to steel corrosion in lead-bismuth loops SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lead-bismuth eutectic; corrosion model; loop flow ID LIQUID LEAD; FLOW; OXYGEN; ALLOYS AB The corrosion of steels exposed to flowing liquid metals is influenced by local and global conditions of flow systems. The present study improves the previous local models when applied to closed loops by incorporating some global condition effects. In particular the bulk corrosion product concentration is calculated based on balancing the dissolution and precipitation in the entire closed loop. Mass transfer expressions developed in aqueous medium and an analytical expression are tested in the liquid-metal environments. The improved model is applied to a pure lead loop and produces results closer to the experimental data than the previous local models do. The model is also applied to a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) test loop. Systematic studies illustrate the effects of the flow rate, the oxygen concentration in LBE, and the temperature profile on the corrosion rate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS-B258,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 144 IS 3 BP 379 EP 387 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 743PP UT WOS:000186583000008 ER PT J AU Lazarov, RD Pasciak, JE Schoberl, J Vassilevski, PS AF Lazarov, RD Pasciak, JE Schoberl, J Vassilevski, PS TI Almost optimal interior penalty discontinuous approximations of symmetric elliptic problems on non-matching grids SO NUMERISCHE MATHEMATIK LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; PRECONDITIONERS; CONSTRUCTION AB We consider an interior penalty discontinuous approximation for symmetric elliptic problems of second order on non-matching grids in this paper. The main result is an almost optimal error estimate for the interior penalty approximation of the original problem based on partitioning of the domain into a finite number of subdomains. Further, an error analysis for the finite element approximation of the penalty formulation is given. Finally, numerical experiments on a series of model second order problems are presented. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Math, A-4040 Linz, Austria. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lazarov@math.tamu.edu; pasciak@math.tamu.edu; joachim@sfb013.uni-linz.ac.at; panayot@llnl.gov RI Lazarov, Raytcho/B-8395-2015 OI Lazarov, Raytcho/0000-0002-4911-3685 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0029-599X EI 0945-3245 J9 NUMER MATH JI Numer. Math. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 295 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s00211-003-0476-7 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 747WY UT WOS:000186830100005 ER PT J AU Liu, C Assoufid, L Conley, R Macrander, AT Ice, GE Tischler, ZJ AF Liu, C Assoufid, L Conley, R Macrander, AT Ice, GE Tischler, ZJ TI Profile coating and its application for Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE x-ray optics; KB mirrors; microfocusing; sputter deposition; profile coating; LTP metrology; ellipsometry ID ACCURACY; ESRF AB For microfocusing x-ray mirrors, an elliptical shape is essential for aberration-free optics. However, it is difficult to polish elliptical mirrors to x-ray quality smoothness. A differential coating method to convert a cylindrical mirror to an elliptical one has been previously reported. The coating was obtained by varying the sputter source power over a moving substrate. Here we report a new method of profile coat sputter source power is kept constant, while the substrate is passed over a contoured mask at a constant speed to obtain a desired profile along the direction perpendicular to the direction of substrate motion. The shape of the contour depends on the desired profile and the thickness distribution directly above the gun at the substrate level. The thickness distribution was measured on films coated on Si wafers using a spectroscopic ellipsometer with computer-controlled X-Y translation stages. A model was developed to fit the measured thickness distribution, which determines the relative thickness weightings. When the substrate moves during a deposition, the film thickness is proportional to the length of the opening on the shield can along the direction of motion. By equating the sum of relative weightings to the required relative thickness at the same position, the length of the opening at that position can be determined. By repeating the same process for the whole length of the required profile, a contour can be obtained for a desired thickness profile. The number of passes and the speed of the substrate are determined according to the required thickness and the growth-rate calibration of a test run. The mirror coating profile is determined from the difference between the ideal surface figure of a focus ellipse and the surface figure obtained from a long-trace profiler measurement on the substrate. A Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror pair was made using Au as a coating material and cylindrically polished mirrors as substrates. Synchrotron x-ray results using this KB mirror pair showed a focused spot size of 0.4X0.4 mum(2). (C) 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cliu@aps.anl.gov RI Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 42 IS 12 BP 3622 EP 3628 DI 10.1117/1.1625381 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 764XU UT WOS:000188232600037 ER PT J AU Milonni, PW Maclay, GJ AF Milonni, PW Maclay, GJ TI Quantized-field description of light in negative-index media SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE negative refraction; field quantization in dielectrics AB Using a quantized-field approach, we show how radiative recoil, the Doppler effect, and spontaneous and stimulated radiation rates are affected when the radiator is embedded in a host medium having a negative index of refraction. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T DOT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Quantum Fields LLC, Richland Ctr, WI 53581 USA. RP Milonni, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T DOT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2003.09.080 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 743RA UT WOS:000186586300022 ER PT J AU Krupke, WF Beach, RJ Kanz, VK Payne, SA AF Krupke, WF Beach, RJ Kanz, VK Payne, SA TI Resonance transition 795-nm rubidium laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALKALI ATOMS; COLLISIONS; VAPOR AB Population inversion of the P-2(1/2) and S-2(1/2) levels and continuous-wave, three-level laser oscillation at 795 nm on the D-1 transition of the rubidium atom has been demonstrated. Using a titanium sapphire laser as a pump source, we obtained a slope power efficiency of 54% relative to absorbed pump power, consistent with homogeneous broadening of the rubidium pump and laser transitions. The end-pumped rubidium laser performance was well described by use of literature spectroscopic and kinetic data in a model that takes into account ground-level depletion and a pump spectral bandwidth that is substantially larger than the collisionally broadened pump transition spectral width. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Krupke, WF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 220 Z9 252 U1 2 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 23 BP 2336 EP 2338 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002336 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 746EW UT WOS:000186734900018 PM 14680174 ER PT J AU Bernstein, AC Diels, JC Luk, TS Nelson, TR McPherson, A Cameron, SM AF Bernstein, AC Diels, JC Luk, TS Nelson, TR McPherson, A Cameron, SM TI Time-resolved measurements of self-focusing pulses in air SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSES; CONTINUUM GENERATION; MOVING-FOCUS; PROPAGATION; FILAMENTATION; DEPENDENCE AB The spatial, spectral, and temporal properties of self-focusing 798-nm 100-fs pulses in air are experimentally measured with high-resolution, single-shot techniques at a set propagation distance of 10.91 m. The data, obtained with an initially collimated Gaussian beam, show significant evolution of spatial narrowing as well as temporal and spectral changes at intensities lower than those required for significant ionization of air. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bernstein, AC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 23 BP 2354 EP 2356 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002354 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 746EW UT WOS:000186734900024 PM 14680180 ER PT J AU Yamakawa, K Barty, CPJ AF Yamakawa, K Barty, CPJ TI Two-color chirped-pulse amplification in an ultrabroadband Ti : sapphire ring regenerative amplifier SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; LASER; COMPRESSION AB We have developed a high-energy, ultrabroadband Ti:sapphire ring regenerative amplifier capable of producing in excess of 20-mJ output at a 10-Hz repetition rate. The technique of chirped-pulse amplification is used to generate two-color, time-synchronized pulses with central wavelength separations of up to similar to120 nm and with a total energy of 10 mJ by use of a regenerative pulse-shaping technique. Mid-infrared pulses tunable from 6 to 11 mum are generated by difference frequency mixing the two-color outputs. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Kansai Res Estab, Adv Photon Res Ctr, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yamakawa, K (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Kansai Res Estab, Adv Photon Res Ctr, 8-1 Umemidai, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 23 BP 2402 EP 2404 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002402 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 746EW UT WOS:000186734900040 PM 14680196 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL Vazquez, F Redner, S AF Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL Vazquez, F Redner, S TI Unity and discord in opinion dynamics SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop in honor of Shlomo Havlins 60th Birthday CY JAN 05-09, 2003 CL ELAT, ISRAEL DE opinion dynamics; bifurcations; voter model; Glauber kinetics ID ISING-MODEL; STATISTICS; EVOLUTION AB We study opinion dynamics models where agents evolve via repeated pairwise interactions. In the compromise model, agents with sufficiently close real-valued opinions average their opinions. A steady state is reached with a finite number of isolated, noninteracting opinion clusters ("parties"). As the initial opinion range increases, the number of such parties undergoes a periodic bifurcation sequence, with alternating major and minor parties. In the constrained voter model, there are leftists, centrists, and rightists. A centrist and an extremist can both become centrists or extremists in an interaction, while leftists and rightists do not affect each other. The final state is either consensus or a frozen population of leftists and rightists. The evolution in one dimension is mapped onto a constrained spin-1 Ising chain with zero-temperature Glauber kinetics. The approach to the final state exhibits a nonuniversal long-time tail. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Biodynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Ctr Biodynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Redner, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 26 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2003.08.027 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 753HH UT WOS:000187225600015 ER PT J AU Siegal, MP Dawley, JT Clem, PG Overmyer, DL AF Siegal, MP Dawley, JT Clem, PG Overmyer, DL TI Improving chemical solution deposited YBa2Cu3O7-delta film properties via high heating rates SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; SUPERCONDUCTORS; BA2YCU3O7-X; LAALO3(100); FABRICATION; CONDUCTORS; MORPHOLOGY AB The superconducting and structural properties of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films grown from chemical solution deposited (CSD) metallofluoride-based precursors improve by using high heating rates to the desired growth temperature. This is due to avoiding the nucleation of undesirable a-axis grains at lower temperatures, from 650 to 800 degreesC in p(O-2) = 0.1%. Minimizing time spent in this range during the temperature ramp of the ex situ growth process depresses a-axis grain growth in favor of the desired c-axis orientation. Using optimized conditions, this results in high-quality YBCO films on LaAlO3(1 0 0) with J(c)(77 K) similar to 3 MA/cm(2) for films thicknesses ranging from 60 to 140 nm. In particular, there is a dramatic decrease in a-axis grains in coated-conductors grown on CSD Nb-doped SrTiO3 (1 0 0) buffered Ni(1 0 0) tapes. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87145 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,M-S 1421, Albuquerque, NM 87145 USA. EM mpsiega@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 399 IS 3-4 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)01304-2 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 747PF UT WOS:000186812700007 ER PT J AU Chen, J Bhattacharya, RN AF Chen, J Bhattacharya, RN TI Growth of 1-2 mu m thick biaxially textured Bi-2212 films on (100) LaAlO3 single crystal substrates by electrodeposition SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox; critical current density; melt process ID INTERMEDIATE ROLLING PROCESS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TAPES; MGO; BOUNDARIES AB High quality Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox (Bi-2212) films with thickness around 1-2 mum have been grown on (1 0 0) LaAlO3 single crystal substrates using an electrodeposition technique, followed by a melt quench and annealing process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of the final films indicated that the films were almost pure biaxially textured Bi-2212 films. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of omega and phi scans were about 1.7degrees and 1.1degrees, respectively. In magnetization measurements, T-c of 79 K and J(c) of 0.58 MA/cm(2) (4.2 K, 0 T) and 44 kA/cm(2) (50 K, 0 T) were observed. The mechanism of the convention of Bi-2201 phase to Bi-2212 phase during the annealing process was discussed, the length scale for the current flow in Bi-2212 film was calculated from the differential susceptibility dm/dH during repenetration of magnetic field, and the residual stress in the films were estimated from XRD 0-20 scans. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 399 IS 3-4 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)01309-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 747PF UT WOS:000186812700011 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Norton, DP Budai, JD Chisholm, MF Sales, BC Christen, DK Cantoni, C AF Kim, KH Norton, DP Budai, JD Chisholm, MF Sales, BC Christen, DK Cantoni, C TI Epitaxial structure and transport in LaTiO3+x films on (001)SrTiO3 SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOTT-INSULATOR; SR1-XLAXTIO3; PEROVSKITES; TRANSITION AB The structure and transport proper-ties of LaTiO3+x epitaxial thin films grown on (001) SrTiO3 by pulsed-laser deposition is examined. Four-circle X-ray diffraction indicates that the films possess the defect perovskite LaTiO3 structure when deposited in vacuum, with the higher X compounds forming at moderate oxygen pressures. The crystal structure of the LaTiO3 films is tetragonal in the epitaxial films, in contrast to the orthorhombic structure observed in bulk materials. A domain structure is observed in the films, consisting of LaTiO3 oriented either with the [110] or [001] directions perpendicular to the substrate Surface. Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that this domain structure is not present in the first few unit cells of the film, but emerges approximately 2-3 nm from the SrTiO3/LaTiO3 interface. Upon increasing the oxygen pressure during growth, a shift in the lattice d-spacing parallel to the substrate surface is observed, and is consistent with the growth of the La2Ti2O7 phase. However, van der Pauw measurements show that the films with the larger d-spacing remain conductive, albeit with a resistivity that is significantly higher than that for the perovskite LaTiO3 films, The transport behavior suggests that the films grown at higher oxygen pressures are LaTiO3+x with 0.4 < x < 0.5. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 106 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dnort@mse.ufl.edu RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 EI 1862-6319 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 200 IS 2 BP 346 EP 351 DI 10.1002/pssa.200306686 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 756AX UT WOS:000187444600008 ER PT J AU Leonhard, K Prausnitz, JM Radke, CJ AF Leonhard, K Prausnitz, JM Radke, CJ TI Solvent-amino acid interaction energies in 3-D-lattice MC simulations of model proteins. Aggregation thermodynamics and kinetics SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-MODEL; PRION DISEASES AB Recently, we devised an energy scale to vary systematically amino acid-solvent interactions for Monte Carlo simulations of lattice model proteins in water. For 27-mer and 64-mer protein chains, changes in the interaction energies produce quite different protein-folding behavior. Here, for two- to six-chain systems, we investigate the effect of interaction parameters and chain length on protein aggregation. Here too, small changes in the interaction energies produce different classes of protein behavior: non-aggregating; reversibly aggregating; irreversibly aggregating while maintaining part or all of the native structure. Interaction parameters optimized for fast folding and high cooperativity in single-chain simulations provide the least aggregation in multi-chain simulations. Simulations with 27-mers and with 64-mers suggest that the interaction-energy parameters optimal for stability against aggregation depend only weakly on protein size. Although we are not able to find an energy parameter set for 27-mers that makes the native, non-aggregating state the most stable state, we have obtained such a set of parameters for 64-mers, indicating a strong influence of chain length on aggregation properties. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leonhard, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Leonhard, Kai/B-2127-2009 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 5 IS 23 BP 5291 EP 5299 DI 10.1039/b305414d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 751HL UT WOS:000187086000023 ER PT J AU Abdallah, J Csanak, G Fukuda, Y Akahane, Y Aoyama, M Inoue, N Ueda, H Yamakawa, K Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY AF Abdallah, J Csanak, G Fukuda, Y Akahane, Y Aoyama, M Inoue, N Ueda, H Yamakawa, K Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY TI Time-dependent Boltzmann kinetic model of x rays produced by ultrashort-pulse laser irradiation of argon clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-FUSION; PLASMA; IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM; PARTICLES; EMISSION; TARGET AB The Boltzmann equation and a detailed collisional-radiative model are solved simultaneously as a function of time to model the time-integrated x-ray spectra of the transient plasma produced by a high intensity ultrafast laser source. Level populations are calculated by solving the rate equations as a function of time using rate coefficients corresponding to a time varying electron energy distribution function (EEDF) determined by the solution to the Boltzmann equation. Electron-electron interactions are included through the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. It is assumed that all the ions are initially in the Ne-like ground state due to the laser prepulse and that all free electrons have high energy (5 keV) from the fast laser deposition. The collisional-radiative model included over 3000 levels in the Ne-like through H-like ion stages of argon. The results are in agreement with highly resolved F-like to He-like K-shell emission spectra recorded recently during ultrashort laser experiments with argon cluster targets in Japan. The calculated time scale for emission is consistent with estimates of cluster decay times for these conditions. The calculations also show that the typical Li-like and Be-like satellite structure, sometimes attributed to a hot-electron component in the EEDF, can also be due to transient effects in a high-temperature ionizing plasma. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Photon Res Ctr, Kizu, Kyoto 6190215, Japan. VNIIFTRI, Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Ctr, Mendeleyevsk 141570, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 49 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 063201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.063201 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 761DP UT WOS:000187885000061 ER PT J AU Carrigan, RA Freudenberger, J Fritzler, S Genz, H Richter, A Ushakov, A Zilges, A Sellschop, JPF AF Carrigan, RA Freudenberger, J Fritzler, S Genz, H Richter, A Ushakov, A Zilges, A Sellschop, JPF TI Electron channeling radiation experiments at very high electron bunch charges SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; DIAMOND; ACCELERATOR; BEAM; WAVE AB Plasmas offer the possibility of high acceleration gradients. An intriguing suggestion is to use the higher plasma densities possible in solids to get extremely high gradients. Although solid-state plasmas might produce high gradients they would pose daunting problems. Crystal channeling has been suggested as one mechanism to address these challenges. There is no experimental or theoretical guidance on channeling for intense electron beams. A high-density plasma in a crystal lattice could quench the channeling process. An experiment has been carried out at the Fermilab NICADD Photoinjector Laboratory to observe electron channeling radiation at high bunch charges. An electron beam with up to 8 nC per electron bunch was used to investigate the electron-crystal interaction. No evidence was found of quenching of channeling at charge densities two orders of magnitude larger than that in earlier experiments. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Witwatersrand, Schonland Ctr, ZA-2050 Wits, South Africa. RP Carrigan, RA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM Carrigan@fnal.gov; joerg.freudenberger@siemens.com; sven.fritzler@ensta.fr; ushakov@iap.uni-frankfurt.de RI Zilges, Andreas/G-9984-2011 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 062901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.062901 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 761DP UT WOS:000187885000059 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Grice, WP AF Kim, YH Grice, WP TI Reliability of the beam-splitter-based Bell-state measurement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; QUANTUM TELEPORTATION; 2-PHOTON ENTANGLEMENT; EXPERIMENTAL TESTS; INFORMATION; PHOTONS; THEOREM; PAIRS; PUMP AB A linear 50-50 beam splitter, together with a coincidence measurement, has been widely used in quantum optical experiments, such as teleportation, dense coding, etc., for interferometrically distinguishing, measuring, or projecting onto one of the four two-photon polarization Bell states \psi((-))>. In this paper, we demonstrate that the coincidence measurement at the output of a beam splitter cannot be used as an absolute identifier of the input state \psi((-))> nor as an indication that the input photons have been projected to the \psi((-))> state. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yokim@umbc.edu RI Kim, Yoonho/D-2591-2012; Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 062305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.062305 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 761DP UT WOS:000187885000023 ER PT J AU Knill, E AF Knill, E TI Bounds on the probability of success of postselected nonlinear sign shifts implemented with linear optics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION AB The fundamental gates of linear optics quantum computation are realized by using single photons sources, linear optics, and photon counters. Success of these gates is conditioned on the pattern of photons detected without using feedback. Here it is shown that the maximum probability of success of these gates is typically strictly less than 1. For the one-mode nonlinear sign shift, the probability of success is bounded by 1/2. For the conditional sign shift of two modes, this probability is bounded by 3/4. These bounds are still substantially larger than the highest probabilities shown to be achievable so far, which are 1/4 and 2/27, respectively. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Natl Inst Stand, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knill, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM knill@boulder.nist.gov NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 064303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.064303 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 761DP UT WOS:000187885000122 ER PT J AU Mazzitelli, FD Paz, JP Villanueva, A AF Mazzitelli, FD Paz, JP Villanueva, A TI Decoherence and recoherence from vacuum fluctuations near a conducting plate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON COHERENCE; CASIMIR FORCE; MU-M; INTERFERENCE AB The interaction between particles and the electromagnetic field induces decoherence generating a small suppression of fringes in an interference experiment. We show that if a double-slit-like experiment is performed in the vicinity of a conducting plane, the fringe visibility depends on the position (and orientation) of the experiment relative to the conductor's plane. This phenomenon is due to the change in the structure of vacuum induced by the conductor and is closely related to the Casimir effect. We estimate the fringe visibility both for charged and for neutral particles with a permanent dipole moment. The presence of the conductor may tend to increase decoherence in some cases and to reduce it in others. A simple explanation for this peculiar behavior is presented. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis JJ Giambiagi, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis JJ Giambiagi, Ciudad Univ,Pabellon I, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Paz, Juan/C-5947-2008 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 062106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.062106 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 761DP UT WOS:000187885000012 ER PT J AU Persson, E Yoshida, S Tong, XM Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J AF Persson, E Yoshida, S Tong, XM Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J TI Quantum localization in the three-dimensional kicked Rydberg atom SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HALF-CYCLE PULSES; HYDROGEN-ATOM; WAVE-PACKETS; ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES; MICROWAVE IONIZATION; STATES; STABILIZATION; FIELDS; DYNAMICS; RESONANCES AB We study the three-dimensional (3D) unidirectionally kicked Rydberg atom. For parabolic initial states elongated in the direction of the kicks we show that the ionization of the quantum system is suppressed as compared to the classical counterpart and that the quantum wave function is localized along all degrees of freedom, whereas the classical system is globally diffusive. We discuss the connection to the previously studied one-dimensional (1D) model of the kicked Rydberg atom and verify that the 1D model is a good approximation to the 3D quantum case in the limiting case of the most elongated initial states. We further study the quantum phase-space distribution (Husimi distribution) of the eigenstates of the period-one time-evolution (Floquet) operator and show that the eigenstates are localized in phase space. For the most elongated parabolic initial state, we are able to identify the unstable periodic orbits around which Floquet states localize. We discuss the possibility of observing quantum localization in high Rydberg states in n>100. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011 OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491 NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 063406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.063406 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 761DP UT WOS:000187885000068 ER PT J AU Trevisan, CS Orel, AE Rescigno, TN AF Trevisan, CS Orel, AE Rescigno, TN TI Ab initio study of low-energy electron collisions with ethylene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ACCURATE ABINITIO TREATMENT; CROSS-SECTIONS; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; SCATTERING; EXCITATION; IMPACT AB We present the results of an investigation of elastic electron scattering by ethylene C2H4 with incident electron energies ranging from 0.5 to 20 eV, using the complex Kohn variational method. These fully ab initio calculations accurately reproduce experimental angular differential cross sections at energies below 3 eV. Low-energy electron scattering by ethylene is sensitive to the inclusion of electronic correlation and target-distortion effects. We therefore report results that describe the dynamic polarization of the target by the incident electron and involve calculations over a range of different geometries, including the effects of nuclear motion in the resonant B-2(2g) symmetry with an adiabatic nuclei treatment of the C-C stretch mode. The inclusion of dynamic polarization and the effect of nuclear motion are equally critical in obtaining accurate results. The calculated cross sections are compared with recent experimental measurements. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trevisan, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 062707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.062707 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 761DP UT WOS:000187885000055 ER PT J AU Achermann, M Hollingsworth, JA Klimov, VI AF Achermann, M Hollingsworth, JA Klimov, VI TI Multiexcitons confined within a subexcitonic volume: Spectroscopic and dynamical signatures of neutral and charged biexcitons in ultrasmall semiconductor nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE QUANTUM-DOT; STIMULATED-EMISSION; EXCITON LIFETIME; BINDING-ENERGY; CDSE AB The use of ultrafast gating techniques allows us to resolve both spectrally and temporally the emission from short-lived neutral and negatively charged biexcitons in ultrasmall (sub-10 nm) CdSe nanocrystals (nanocrystal quantum dots). Because of "forced" overlap of electronic wave functions and reduced dielectric screening, these states are characterized by giant interaction energies of tens (neutral biexcitons) to hundreds (charged biexcitons) of meV. Both types of biexcitons show extremely short lifetimes (from sub-100 picoseconds to sub-picosecond time scales) that rapidly shorten with decreasing nanocrystal size. These ultrafast relaxation dynamics are explained in terms of highly efficient nonradiative Auger recombination. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Achermann, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C PCS, MS-J585, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Achermann, Marc/A-1849-2011 OI Achermann, Marc/0000-0002-3939-9309 NR 24 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 245302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.245302 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900052 ER PT J AU Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Yaresko, AN AF Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Yaresko, AN TI Electronic structure and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in uranium compounds. I. UFe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; GROUND-STATE; MAGNETOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; ORBITAL POLARIZATION; SPIN POLARIZATION; BAND THEORY; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; FE AB The electronic structure, magneto-optical and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra of UFe2 were investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac linear muffin-tin orbital band-structure method. The electronic structure is obtained with the local spin-density approximation (LSDA), as well as with a generalization of the LSDA+U method which takes into account the nondiagonal occupation matrix (in spin indexes) of localized electrons. The origin of the Kerr rotation and XMCD spectra in the compound is examined. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Complex Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Antonov, VN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM antonov@ameslab.gov NR 82 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214424 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700058 ER PT J AU Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Andryushchenko, OV Bekenev, LV Yaresko, AN AF Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Andryushchenko, OV Bekenev, LV Yaresko, AN TI Electronic structure and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in uranium compounds. II. UTAl (T=Co, Rh, and Pt) intermetallics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID URHAL; UCOAL AB The electronic structure and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra of UCoAl, URhAl, and UPtAl were investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac LMTO band-structure method. The electronic structure is obtained with the local spin-density approximation (LSDA) as well as with a generalization of the LSDA+U method which takes into account the nondiagonal (in spin indexes) occupation matrix of localized electrons. The origin of the XMCD spectra in the compounds is examined. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Inst Met Phys, UA-252142 Kiev, Ukraine. Max Planck Inst Phys Complex Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Antonov, VN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM antonov@ameslab.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214425 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700059 ER PT J AU Armiento, R Mattsson, AE AF Armiento, R Mattsson, AE TI Alternative separation of exchange and correlation in density-functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-GAS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; GRADIENT EXPANSION; APPROXIMATIONS; ACCURATE; SYSTEMS; STATE AB It has recently been shown that local values of the conventional exchange energy per particle cannot be described by an analytic expansion in the density variation. Yet, it is known that the total exchange-correlation (XC) energy per particle does not show any corresponding nonanalyticity. Indeed, the nonanalyticity is here shown to be an effect of the separation into conventional exchange and correlation. We construct an alternative separation in which the exchange part is made well behaved by screening its long-ranged contributions, and the correlation part is adjusted accordingly. This alternative separation is as valid as the conventional one, and introduces no new approximations to the total XC energy. We demonstrate functional development based on this approach by creating and deploying a local-density-approximation-type XC functional. Hence, this work includes both the theory and the practical calculations needed to provide a starting point for an alternative approach towards improved approximations of the total XC energy. C1 AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM rar@theophys.kth.se; aematts@sandia.gov RI Armiento, Rickard/E-1413-2011 OI Armiento, Rickard/0000-0002-5571-0814 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 245120 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.245120 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900043 ER PT J AU Balatsky, AV Abanov, A Zhu, JX AF Balatsky, AV Abanov, A Zhu, JX TI Inelastic tunneling spectroscopy in a d-wave superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GAPLESS FERMI SYSTEMS; MAGNETIC-IMPURITIES; EXCHANGE MODEL; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; ANOMALIES; MOMENTS; SURFACE; SPECTRA; STATES AB We propose a mechanism to use inelastic tunneling spectrosopy scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to detect a single spin in a d-wave superconductor and in a pseudogap state, based on a direct exchange coupling J between the surface electrons and the local spin S in a magnetic field. This coupling will produce a kink in a dI/dV characteristic at Zeeman energy of the spin omega(0). We find that for relevant values of parameters signal scales as dI(2)/dV(2)similar or equal to(JN(0))(2)Theta(eV-omega(0)) and could be in the range of 10(-2) of the bare density of states where N-0 is the density of states for surface electrons. Scattering in superconductor with the coherence peak at gap maximum Delta leads also to strong features at Delta+omega(0). This suggests a different technique for a detection of a local spin excitation with STM. We also consider a detection of a local vibrational mode as a simple extension of the spin case. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balatsky, AV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214506 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700071 ER PT J AU Bang, Y Graf, MJ Balatsky, AV AF Bang, Y Graf, MJ Balatsky, AV TI Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate in the D-1+iD(2) superconducting state: Implications for CoO superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VALENCE BOND STATE; ANISOTROPIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We calculated the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1 for the D-1+iD(2) superconducting state with impurities. We found that small amount of unitary impurities quickly produces the residual density of states inside the gap. As a result, the T-linear behavior in 1/T-1 is observed at low temperatures. Our results show that the D-1+iD(2) pairing symmetry of the superconducting state of Na0.35CoO2.yH(2)O is compatible with recent Co-59 1/T-1 experiments of several groups. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Bang, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 212504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.212504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700019 ER PT J AU Batista, CD Bonca, J Gubernatis, JE AF Batista, CD Bonca, J Gubernatis, JE TI Itinerant ferromagnetism in the periodic Anderson model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD; CORRELATED ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; FERMION GROUND-STATES; DYNAMICAL MEAN-FIELD; KONDO-LATTICE MODEL; HUBBARD-MODEL; PHASE-DIAGRAM; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; PAIRING CORRELATIONS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS AB We introduce a mechanism for itinerant ferromagnetism, based on a simple two-band model. The model includes an uncorrelated and dispersive band hybridized with a second band which is narrow and correlated. The simplest Hamiltonian containing these ingredients is the periodic Anderson model (PAM). Using quantum Monte Carlo and analytical methods, we show that the PAM and an extension of it contain the mechanism and exhibit a nonsaturated ferromagnetic ground state in the intermediate-valence regime. We propose that the mechanism, which does not assume an intra-atomic Hund's coupling, is present in both the iron group and in some f electron compounds like Ce(Rh1-xRux)(3)B-2, LaxCe1-xRh3B2, and the uranium monochalcogenides US, USe, and UTe. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, FMF, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Batista, CD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214430 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700064 ER PT J AU Black, MR Hagelstein, PL Cronin, SB Lin, YM Dresselhaus, MS AF Black, MR Hagelstein, PL Cronin, SB Lin, YM Dresselhaus, MS TI Optical absorption from an indirect transition in bismuth nanowires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ARRAYS; DEPENDENCE; SURFACE; FILMS AB Simulations of the optical absorption in bismuth nanowires resulting from an indirect interband L-T-point transition are presented. The absorption dependence at room temperature on the band overlap, effective masses, and wire diameter is explored. The polarization, wave number, and wire size dependence of the high intensity absorption peak observed in bismuth nanowires at similar to1000 cm(-1) can be explained by our model. The polarization dependence of the optical absorption arises from a surface component of the optical coupling term which enhances this indirect transition. Simulations of the absorption from a valence-band L-T-point transition correctly predict the magnitude of the increase in the peak energy (wave number) with decreasing wire diameter. The wave numbers of the simulated and measured absorption peaks differ by similar to400 cm(-1). Several explanations for this discrepancy are proposed. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Black, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mblack@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 23 AR 235417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.235417 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 764DL UT WOS:000188186400107 ER PT J AU Choi, J Musfeldt, JL Olejniczak, I Wang, YJ Schlueter, JA Kini, AM AF Choi, J Musfeldt, JL Olejniczak, I Wang, YJ Schlueter, JA Kini, AM TI Magnetic field dependent vibrational modes in isotopically decorated kappa-(ET)(2)Cu(SCN)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS; ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; BEDT-TTF; KAPPA-(ET)2X SUPERCONDUCTORS; RAMAN-SPECTRA; BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)(2)CU(NCS)(2); ASSIGNMENT; SALTS AB We report the infrared reflectance of several isotopically decorated samples of the 10.4-K organic superconductor kappa-(ET)(2)Cu(SCN)(2) as a function of applied magnetic field at 4.2 K, allowing us to explore changes in intramolecular vibrational modes between the superconducting (low-field) and normal (high-field) states. Comparison with previous variable temperature transport data in which the crystals have similar isotopic decoration patterns suggests that, while the nu(3) (A(g)), nu(60) (B-3g), and nu(21) (B-1g) are involved in the field-induced normal to superconducting transition below T-c, there is no direct correlation between the value of T-c and the characteristics of these modes. Intramolecular vibrational modes are therefore not driving the superconducting to normal state transition in kappa-(ET)(2)Cu(SCN)(2). Some plausible mechanisms, which can account for the sensitivity of these intramolecular vibrational modes to the magnetic field, are briefly discussed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Mol Phys, PL-60179 Poznan, Poland. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Choi, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214523 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700088 ER PT J AU Crawford, MK Harlow, RL Lee, PL Zhang, Y Hormadaly, J Flippen, R Huang, Q Lynn, JW Stevens, R Woodfield, BF Boerio-Goates, J Fisher, RA AF Crawford, MK Harlow, RL Lee, PL Zhang, Y Hormadaly, J Flippen, R Huang, Q Lynn, JW Stevens, R Woodfield, BF Boerio-Goates, J Fisher, RA TI Structure and properties of the integer-spin frustrated antiferromagnet GeNi2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; TRANSITIONS; CSNICL3; STATE AB We report the results of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, synchrotron x-ray, and neutron powder diffraction measurements for the normal spinel GeNi2O4, which becomes antiferromagnetic below a Neel temperature (T-N) of 12 K. The Neel transition occurs in two discrete steps, separated in temperature by 0.6 K. The total magnetic entropy evaluated from the specific heat data is only similar to1/2 of the expected 2R ln 3 per mole of GeNi2O4. The specific heat data also suggest the presence of both gapless and gapped excitations within the Neel state. GeNi2O4 remains cubic to temperatures well below T-N. C1 DuPont Co Inc, Dept Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Crawford, MK (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Dept Cent Res & Dev, E356-209, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RI HORMADALY, J/F-1721-2012 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 22 AR 220408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.220408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 763JN UT WOS:000188081900009 ER PT J AU Cui, CW Tyson, TA Chen, ZQ Zhong, Z AF Cui, CW Tyson, TA Chen, ZQ Zhong, Z TI Transport and structural study of pressure-induced magnetic states in Nd0.55Sr0.45MnO3 and Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITE MANGANITES; PHASE-TRANSITION; X-RAY; CHARGE; ND1-XSR(X)MNO3; ND1-XSRXMNO3; TEMPERATURE; BANDWIDTH; FIELD AB Pressure effects on the electron transport and structure of Nd1-xSrxMnO3 (x=0.45, 0.5) were investigated in the range from ambient to similar to6 GPa. In Nd0.55Sr0.45MnO3, the low-temperature ferromagnetic metallic state is suppressed and a low-temperature insulating state is induced by pressure. In Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3, the CE-type antiferromagnetic charge-ordering state is suppressed by pressure. Under pressure, both samples have a similar electron-transport behavior although their ambient ground states are much different. It is surmised that pressure induces an A-type antiferromagnetic state at low temperature in both compounds. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cui, CW (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RI chen, zhiqiang/C-9134-2013 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214417 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700051 ER PT J AU Graf, MJ de Visser, A Opeil, CP Cooley, JC Smith, JL Amato, A Baines, C Gygax, F Schenck, A AF Graf, MJ de Visser, A Opeil, CP Cooley, JC Smith, JL Amato, A Baines, C Gygax, F Schenck, A TI Onset of antiferromagnetism in UPt3 via Th substitution studied by muon spin spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION UPT3; QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT; PT-195 KNIGHT-SHIFT; TRIPLET SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ORDER-PARAMETER; MAGNETIC ORDER; PHASE; U(PT,PD)(3); PRESSURE; PD AB Muon spin spectroscopy has been used to study in detail the onset of large-moment antiferromagnetism (LMAF) in UPt3 as induced by Th substitution. Zero-field experiments have been carried out on a series of polycrystalline U1-xThxPt3 (0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.05) samples in the temperature range 0.04-10 K. At low Th content (xless than or equal to0.002) magnetic ordering on the time scale of the muSR experiment (10(-8) s) is not detected. For x=0.005 a weak magnetic signal appears below T=2 K, while for 0.006less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.05, spontaneous oscillations in the muSR spectra signal the presence of the LMAF phase. The data are well described by a two-component depolarization function, combining the contribution of a polycrystalline antiferromagnet and a Kubo-Lorentzian response. However, the transition into the antiferromagnetic phase is quite broad. For x=0.01 and 0.02, a weak magnetic signal appears below about 7 K, which is well above the mean-field transition temperatures. The broadening may be a result of the effects of disorder on the time fluctuations associated with anomalous small-moment antiferromagnetism. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeemen Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. ETH, PSI, Inst Particle Phys, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Graf, MJ (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013; Amato, Alex/H-7674-2013 OI Amato, Alex/0000-0001-9963-7498 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 22 AR 224421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.224421 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 763JN UT WOS:000188081900066 ER PT J AU Haslinger, R Chubukov, AV AF Haslinger, R Chubukov, AV TI Condensation energy in strongly coupled superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC SPECIFIC-HEAT; SPIN-FERMION MODEL; NORMAL-STATE; DEPENDENCE; PSEUDOGAP; MECHANISM AB We consider the condensation energy E-c of strongly coupled magnetically mediated superconductors within the context of the spin-fermion model. We argue that the actual physics behind the condensation energy is much richer than in BCS theory, and that it is vital to take both the fermionic and bosonic contributions to the condensation energy into account. We argue that at strong coupling lambda>1, the gain in the condensation energy is a result of the feedback on spin excitations, while the fermionic contribution to E-c is positive due to an "undressing" feedback on the fermions. In addition we argue that the same feedback effect accounts for a gain in the kinetic energy at strong coupling. We also found that the BCS relation E(c)proportional toDelta(2), where Delta is the pairing gap, only holds for lambdaless than or equal to1. At larger lambda, Delta keeps increasing and eventually saturates, while E-c passes through a maximum at lambdasimilar to2 and then exhibits a decrease in the strong-coupling regime. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214508 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700073 ER PT J AU Hopkins, A Jacobs, K Habib, S Schwab, K AF Hopkins, A Jacobs, K Habib, S Schwab, K TI Feedback cooling of a nanomechanical resonator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; QUANTUM BROWNIAN-MOTION; GENERAL ENVIRONMENT; INTRINSIC NOISE; SENSITIVITY AB Cooled, low-loss nanomechanical resonators offer the prospect of directly observing the quantum dynamics of mesoscopic systems. However, the present state of the art requires cooling down to the milliKelvin regime in order to observe quantum effects. Here we present an active feedback strategy based on continuous observation of the resonator position for the purpose of obtaining these low temperatures. In addition, we apply this to an experimentally realizable configuration, where the position monitoring is carried out by a single-electron transistor. Our estimates indicate that with current technology this technique is likely to bring the required low temperatures within reach. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Norman Bridge Lab Phys 12 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jacobs, Kurt/E-7049-2011 OI Jacobs, Kurt/0000-0003-0828-6421 NR 23 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 23 AR 235328 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.235328 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 764DL UT WOS:000188186400085 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JD Avdeev, M Hinks, DG Burley, JC Short, S AF Jorgensen, JD Avdeev, M Hinks, DG Burley, JC Short, S TI Crystal structure of the sodium cobaltate deuterate superconductor NaxCoO2 center dot 4xD(2)O (x approximate to 1/3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; COINTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN; OXIDES; WATER AB Neutron and x-ray powder diffraction have been used to investigate the crystal structures of a sample of the newly-discovered superconducting sodium cobaltate deuterate compound with composition Na0.31(3)CoO2.1.25(2)D2O and its anhydrous parent compound Na0.61(1)CoO2. The anhydrous parent compound Na0.61(1)CoO2 has two partially occupied Na sites sandwiched, in the same plane, between CoO2 layers. When Na is removed to make the superconducting composition, the Na site that experiences the strongest Na-Co repulsion is emptied while the occupancy of the other Na site is reduced to about one third. The deuterate superconducting compound is formed by coordinating four D2O molecules (two above and two below) to each remaining Na ion in a way that gives Na-O distances nearly equal to those in the parent compound. One deuteron of the D2O molecule is hydrogen bonded to an oxygen atom in the CoO2 plane and the oxygen atom and the second deuteron of each D2O molecule lie approximately in a plane between the Na layer and the CoO2 layers. This coordination of Na by four D2O molecules leads in a straightforward way to ordering of the Na ions and D2O molecules consistent with the observation of additional shorter-range scattering features in the diffraction data. The sample studied here, which has T-c=4.5 K, has a refined composition of Na0.31(3)CoO2.1.25(2)D2O, in agreement with the expected 1:4 ratio of Na to D2O. These results show that the optimal superconducting composition should be viewed as a specific hydrated compound, not a solid solution of Na and D2O (H2O) in NaxCoO2.D2O. The hydrated superconducting compound may be stable over a limited range of Na and D2O concentration, but studies of T-c and other physical properties vs Na or D2O composition should be viewed with caution until it is verified that the compound remains in the same phase over the composition range of the study. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jorgensen, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Avdeev, Maxim/A-5625-2008 OI Avdeev, Maxim/0000-0003-2366-5809 NR 28 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214517 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700082 ER PT J AU Karazhanov, SZ Zhang, Y Wang, LW Mascarenhas, A Deb, S AF Karazhanov, SZ Zhang, Y Wang, LW Mascarenhas, A Deb, S TI Resonant defect states and strong lattice relaxation of oxygen vacancies in WO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SEMIEMPIRICAL CALCULATIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE; DEEP LEVELS; THIN-FILMS; F-CENTERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS; CRYSTALS AB We find, from first principles calculations, that an oxygen (anion) vacancy in WO3 not only generates a donorlike state near the fundamental band gap, derived from the top valence bands, but also gives rise to an additional pair of defect states: a hyper-deep resonant state in the valence band and a high-lying resonant state in the conduction band, derived from s-like bonding and antibonding bands, respectively. These states show distinctively different properties from their counterparts in other conventional semiconductors. With a change in the charge state of the vacancy, a strong lattice relaxation is found for the W ions nearest to the vacancy, accompanied by large changes in the energies of all the defect states. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Karazhanov, SZ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Yong_Zhang@nrel.gov RI Karazhanov, Smagul/E-3357-2015 OI Karazhanov, Smagul/0000-0001-6504-2517 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 23 AR 233204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.233204 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 764DL UT WOS:000188186400008 ER PT J AU Kirtley, JR Tsuei, CC Kogan, VG Clem, JR Raffy, H Li, ZZ AF Kirtley, JR Tsuei, CC Kogan, VG Clem, JR Raffy, H Li, ZZ TI Fluxoid dynamics in superconducting thin film rings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; JOSEPHSON TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MAGNETIC-FLUX; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PAIRING SYMMETRY; STATE; VORTICES; VORTEX; ARRAYS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA AB We have measured the dynamics of individual magnetic fluxoids entering and leaving photolithographically patterned thin film rings of the underdoped high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, using a variable sample temperature scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscope. These results can be qualitatively described using a model in which the fluxoid number changes by thermally activated nucleation of a Pearl vortex in, and transport of the Pearl vortex across, the ring wall. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Kirtley, JR (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, POB 218, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214505 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700070 ER PT J AU Klie, RF Beleggia, M Zhu, Y Buban, JP Browning, ND AF Klie, RF Beleggia, M Zhu, Y Buban, JP Browning, ND TI Atomic-scale model of the grain boundary potential in perovskite oxides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; SPACE-CHARGE; SRTIO3; RESOLUTION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; INTERFACES; CONTRAST; CERAMICS AB A combination of experiments and theoretical calculations is used to develop an atomic-scale model of the grain boundary potential in perovskite oxides. More specifically, pristine 8degrees and 58degrees [001] tilt grain boundaries in SrTiO3, which can be regarded as model systems for all cubic perovskite systems, are examined by Z-contrast imaging and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Based on results obtained from these systems, distance-valence least-square analysis and multiple-scattering calculations are used to determine the density of grain boundary states for the 8degrees and 58degrees grain boundaries, respectively. To compute the grain boundary potentials, the Thomas-Fermi approach of screened charges and the classical Schottky model is used. The validity of both models for various perovskite oxide grain boundary configurations is discussed, and the appropriate grain boundary potentials are compared with previously reported data. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Klie, RF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM klie@bnl.gov NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214101 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700021 ER PT J AU Kralj, M Pervan, P Milun, M Valla, T Johnson, PD Woodruff, DP AF Kralj, M Pervan, P Milun, M Valla, T Johnson, PD Woodruff, DP TI d-band quantum well states in ultrathin silver films on V(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COPPER THIN-FILMS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; METAL-FILMS; AG FILMS; AU FILMS; PHOTOEMISSION; OVERLAYERS; W(110); SURFACE; CU AB We report an angle-resolved photoemission study of d-derived quantum well (QW) states in ultrathin silver films grown on V(100). Distinct d-derived QW states were observed for film thicknesses between 1 and 5 ML. Using a line shape analysis we conclude that for thicker films the d electrons are almost completely confined within the silver overlayer, suggesting a high reflectivity at the vanadium-silver interface. The energies of the QW states were found to be in good agreement with tight-binding calculations as well as with a phase accumulation model analysis. The calculations indicate a strong influence of the vanadium substrate on the energy of d-band QW states for the single-monolayer film. C1 Univ Zagreb, Inst Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Kralj, M (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Inst Phys, POB 304, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RI Kralj, Marko/A-8232-2008; Pervan, Petar/F-8142-2010; Milun, Milorad/A-3420-2010 OI Kralj, Marko/0000-0002-9786-3130; Pervan, Petar/0000-0002-0273-2737; NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 245413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.245413 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900086 ER PT J AU Lee, DR Sinha, SK Nelson, CS Lang, JC Venkataraman, CT Srajer, G Osgood, RM AF Lee, DR Sinha, SK Nelson, CS Lang, JC Venkataraman, CT Srajer, G Osgood, RM TI X-ray resonant magnetic scattering from structurally and magnetically rough interfaces in multilayered systems. II. Diffuse scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; THIN-FILMS; REFLECTION; SURFACES AB The theoretical formulation of x-ray resonant magnetic scattering from rough surfaces and interfaces is given for the diffuse (off-specular) scattering, and general expressions are derived in both the Born approximation (BA) and the distorted-wave Born approximation for both single and multiple interfaces. We also give in the BA the expression for off-specular magnetic scattering from magnetic domains. For this purpose, structural and magnetic interfaces are defined in terms of roughness parameters related to their height-height correlation functions and the correlations between them. The results are generalized to the case of multiple interfaces, as in the case of thin films or multilayers. Theoretical calculations for each of the cases are illustrated as numerical examples and compared with experimental data of magnetic diffuse scattering from a Gd/Fe multilayer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lee, DR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM drlee@aps.anl.gov NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 22 AR 224410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.224410 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 763JN UT WOS:000188081900055 ER PT J AU Lee, DR Sinha, SK Haskel, D Choi, Y Lang, JC Stepanov, SA Srajer, G AF Lee, DR Sinha, SK Haskel, D Choi, Y Lang, JC Stepanov, SA Srajer, G TI X-ray resonant magnetic scattering from structurally and magnetically rough interfaces in multilayered systems. I. Specular reflectivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE SCATTERING; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; SURFACES; PROFILE AB The theoretical formulation of x-ray resonant magnetic scattering from rough surfaces and interfaces is given for specular reflectivity. A general expression is derived for both structurally and magnetically rough interfaces in the distorted-wave Born approximation as the framework of the theory. For this purpose, we have defined a "structural" and a "magnetic" interface to represent the actual interfaces. A generalization of the well-known Nevot-Croce formula for specular reflectivity is obtained for the case of a single rough magnetic interface using the self-consistent method. Finally, the results are generalized to the case of multiple interfaces, as in the case of thin films or multilayers. Theoretical calculations for each of the cases are illustrated with numerical examples and compared with experimental results of magnetic reflectivity from a Gd/Fe multilayer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Lee, DR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM drlee@aps.anl.gov NR 33 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 22 AR 224409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.224409 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 763JN UT WOS:000188081900054 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Ho, KM AF Li, ZY Ho, KM TI Application of structural symmetries in the plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method for three-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; BANDGAP STRUCTURES; LAYER; BENDS; SLABS; FORMULATION; EMISSION; GRATINGS; DEFECT AB The plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method (TMM) exhibits a peculiar advantage of being capable of solving eigenmodes involved in an infinite photonic crystal and electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in finite photonic crystal slabs or even semi-infinite photonic crystal structures within the same theoretical framework. In addition, this theoretical approach can achieve much improved numerical convergency in solution of photonic band structures than the conventional plane-wave expansion method. In this paper we employ this TMM in combination with a supercell technique to handle two important kinds of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal waveguide structures. The first one is waveguides created in a 3D layer-by-layer photonic crystal that possesses a complete band gap, the other more popular one is waveguides built in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. These waveguides usually have mirror-reflection symmetries in one or two directions perpendicular to their axis. We have taken advantage of these structural symmetries to reduce the numerical burden of the TMM solution of the guided modes. The solution to the EM problems under these mirror-reflection symmetries in both the real space and the plane-wave space is discussed in a systematic way and in great detail. Both the periodic boundary condition and the absorbing boundary condition are employed to investigate structures with or without complete 3D optical confinement. The fact that the EM field components investigated in the TMM are collinear with the symmetric axes of the waveguide brings great convenience and clarity in exploring the eigenmode symmetry in both the real space and the plane-wave space. The classification of symmetry involved in the guided modes can help people to better understand the coupling of the photonic crystal waveguides with external channels such as dielectric slab or wire waveguides. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, ZY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lizy@axel.ameslab.gov NR 38 TC 59 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 245117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.245117 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900040 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Lin, LL AF Li, ZY Lin, LL TI Evaluation of lensing in photonic crystal slabs exhibiting negative refraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP; PROPAGATION AB We systematically investigate lensing of electromagnetic waves by a negative refractive-index material slab constructed from a two-dimensional photonic crystal with properly designed equifrequency-surface configuration [Luo , Phys. Rev. B 65, 201104 (2002)]. We find that a point source placed in the vicinity of the slab can form a good-quality image in the opposite side of the slab. However, the image is strongly confined in the near-field region of the slab and gradually degrades and disappears when moved beyond the near-field domain. In addition, the image-slab distance has little dependence on the source-slab distance and the slab thickness. On the other hand, the image can also form by a slab with a positive effective refractive index. We have analyzed the equifrequency-surface contour configuration of this photonic crystal and found that the overall imaging properties of this photonic crystal slab are dominantly governed by the self-collimation effect and complex near-field wave scattering effect, rather than by the all-angle negative-refraction effect. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, ZY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 166 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 245110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.245110 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900033 ER PT J AU Liu, CS Zhang, Q Kioussis, N Demos, SG Radousky, HB AF Liu, CS Zhang, Q Kioussis, N Demos, SG Radousky, HB TI Electronic structure calculations of intrinsic and extrinsic hydrogen point defects in KH2PO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; GAMMA-IRRADIATED KH2PO4; SPIN-RESONANCE; CRYSTALS; KD2PO4; TRANSITION; LASER; KDP; IDENTIFICATION AB We report first-principles total-energy density-functional theory electronic structure calculations for the neutral and charge states of H intrinsic (Frenkel pair) and extrinsic (H vacancy or interstitial) point defects in KH2PO4. The relaxed atomic structures, the formation energy, the ionization energy, and electron and hole affinities for the various defects have been calculated. For the Frenkel pair, the additional hole leads to a decrease of the O-O bond length between the two O atoms next to the H vacancy, while the effect of the additional electron is small. For the H vacancy, the added hole is trapped and shared by the two O atoms adjacent to the vacancy, reducing dramatically the O-O bond length, thus forming a molecular-type polaron. We find that the positively charged H vacancy introduces states in the gap, in contrast with its neutral state, confirming the experimental suggestion that it is a relevant absorbing center. The negatively charged H vacancy leads to an increase of the two O atoms close to the H vacancy, and does not induce states in the gap. The H interstitial does not interact with the host atoms in the neutral state. However, the addition of an electron leads to the ejection of a H host atom and the subsequent formation of a H-2 interstitial molecule and a H vacancy, in agreement with experimental suggestions. In the positively charged state the H interstitial binds to its nearest-neighbor O atom forming a hydroxyl bond. The H interstitial in both positive and negative charge states induces no defect states in the band gap, in contrast with its neutral state. The calculations provide insights into the role of the charged and neutral defects on the transient optical absorption under irradiation by high-intensity laser beam. C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94580 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Internal Frict & Defects Solids Lab, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. RP Liu, CS (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM nick.kioussis@csun.edu RI Liu, Changsong/I-4255-2013 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 22 AR 224107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.224107 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 763JN UT WOS:000188081900028 ER PT J AU Lopasso, EM Caro, M Caro, A Turchi, PEA AF Lopasso, EM Caro, M Caro, A Turchi, PEA TI Phase diagram of an empirical potential: The case of Fe-Cu SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; ALPHA-IRON; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MONTE-CARLO; COPPER; ALLOYS; EVOLUTION; METALS; TRANSFORMATION; PRECIPITATION AB Molecular dynamics simulations are used to calculate the Gibbs free energy in the entire compositional range of Fe-Cu alloys described with a set of embedded atom potentials available in the literature. Thermodynamic integration and switching Hamiltonian techniques are used to obtain the phase diagram at high temperatures (neglecting phonon quantum effects and electronic contributions) with no further approximations. Limitations of the model were confirmed, such as the absence of the gamma and delta phases, a bcc to fcc transformation before melting for pure Fe, the unexpected existence of a stable bcc phase in pure Cu at high T, and consequently complete solid solubility of Fe in Cu in the bcc phase in some temperature range. This work seeds light on the power and limitations of the empirical description of complex systems. C1 Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lopasso, EM (reprint author), Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214205 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700030 ER PT J AU Mascarenhas, A Seong, MJ Yoon, S Verley, JC Geisz, JF Hanna, MC AF Mascarenhas, A Seong, MJ Yoon, S Verley, JC Geisz, JF Hanna, MC TI Evolution of electronic states in GaAs1-xNx probed by resonant Raman spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENCE; ALLOYS; GAAS AB Two distinct maxima E-W and E-W(') are observed in the resonant Raman-scattering profile for the LO phonon asymmetric linewidth broadening in GaAs1-xNx and are attributed to states arising from a splitting of the quadruply degenerate conduction band near the L point. The data provide further insight into the physics underlying the giant band-gap bowing observed in GaAs1-xNx, as well as reveal asymmetric linewidth broadening to be a powerful signature for studying strongly localized impurity states in semiconductors. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mascarenhas, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM amascar@nrel.gov RI Verley, Jason/C-2026-2008 OI Verley, Jason/0000-0003-2184-677X NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 23 AR 233201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.233201 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 764DL UT WOS:000188186400005 ER PT J AU Narayanan, RA AF Narayanan, RA TI Chemical order, molecular clusters, and topological transitions in chalcogenide network glasses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SELENIUM ALLOY SYSTEM; RIGIDITY PERCOLATION; COORDINATION-NUMBER; SPECTROSCOPY; THRESHOLD; MODEL AB A simple variant of the chemically ordered covalent network model, in which the presence of homopolar bonds are also considered, explains a maximum in physical properties in Ge-As-S chalcogenide network glasses observed close to a mean-coordination number of atoms =2.60, which was originally thought to be due to a topological transition connected with a change in the dimensionality of the network. The model reproduces the observed trend in the extremum as a function of Ge:As ratio with good accuracy, and in the process helps to identify and explain related instances found in the literature. Also, the physical significance of topological thresholds in the context of glass forming ability of materials is posited. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Narayanan, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM araghava@anl.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 212201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.212201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700003 ER PT J AU Nersesyan, AA Tsvelik, AM AF Nersesyan, AA Tsvelik, AM TI Coulomb blockade regime of a single-wall carbon nanotube SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WIGNER CRYSTAL; SINE-GORDON; MODEL AB We study a model of carbon nanotube with a half filled conduction band. At this filling the system is a Mott insulator. The Coulomb interaction is assumed to be unscreened. It is shown that this allows to develop the adiabatic approximation which leads to considerable simplifications in calculations of the excitation spectrum. We give a detailed analysis of the spectrum and the phase diagram at half filling, and discuss effects of small doping. In the latter case several phases develop strong superconducting fluctuations corresponding to various types of pairing. C1 Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Andronikashvili Inst Phys, GE-380077 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nersesyan, AA (reprint author), Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Str Costiera 11, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 23 AR 235419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.235419 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 764DL UT WOS:000188186400109 ER PT J AU Niklasson, AMN AF Niklasson, AMN TI Implicit purification for temperature-dependent density matrices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; CONSISTENT-FIELD THEORY; ENERGY MINIMIZATION; CURVY STEPS; STATES; SYSTEMS AB An implicit purification scheme is proposed for calculation of the temperature-dependent, grand canonical single-particle density matrix, given as a Fermi-Dirac operator expansion in terms of the Hamiltonian. The computational complexity is shown to scale with the logarithm of the polynomial order of the expansion, or equivalently, with the logarithm of the inverse temperature. The system of linear equations that arise in each implicit purification iteration is solved efficiently by a conjugate gradient solver. The scheme is particularly useful in connection with linear scaling electronic structure theory based on sparse matrix algebra. The efficiency of the implicit temperature expansion technique is analyzed and compared to some explicit purification methods for the zero temperature density matrix. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Niklasson, AMN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 23 AR 233104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.233104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 764DL UT WOS:000188186400004 ER PT J AU Nishino, Y Miao, JW Ishikawa, T AF Nishino, Y Miao, JW Ishikawa, T TI Image reconstruction of nanostructured nonperiodic objects only from oversampled hard x-ray diffraction intensities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ITERATIVE ALGORITHMS; PHASE RETRIEVAL AB X-ray-diffraction microscopy images nanocrystals and nonperiodic objects by directly reconstructing from oversampled diffraction intensities. Successful image reconstruction of nonperiodic objects has so far required additional experiments to supplement the missing data in the diffraction intensities. Reconstruction only from diffraction data is desirable. We show that image reconstruction of nonperiodic objects can be done without any supplemental experiments by applying a modified hybrid input-output algorithm to experimental hard x-ray-diffraction data of a nanostructured pattern. C1 SPring8 RIKEN, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Nishino, Y (reprint author), SPring8 RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. RI Nishino, Yoshinori/A-9927-2008; Ishikawa, Tetsuya/I-4775-2012 OI Nishino, Yoshinori/0000-0002-7215-8013; Ishikawa, Tetsuya/0000-0002-6906-9909 NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 22 AR 220101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.220101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 763JN UT WOS:000188081900001 ER PT J AU Noh, H Lilly, MP Tsui, DC Simmons, JA Pfeiffer, LN West, KW AF Noh, H Lilly, MP Tsui, DC Simmons, JA Pfeiffer, LN West, KW TI Linear temperature dependence of conductivity in the apparent insulating regime of dilute two-dimensional holes in GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2 DIMENSIONS; GAAS/ALXGA1-XAS HETEROSTRUCTURE; ELECTRON-GAS; COULOMB GAP; TRANSITION; LOCALIZATION; BEHAVIOR; MOBILITY; CRYSTAL AB The conductivity of extremely high mobility dilute two-dimensional holes in GaAs changes linearly with temperature in the insulating side of the metal-insulator transition. Hopping conduction, characterized by an exponentially decreasing conductivity with decreasing temperature, is not observed when the conductivity is smaller than e(2)/h. We suggest that strong interactions in a regime close to the Wigner crystallization must be playing a role in the unusual transport. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Noh, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Noh, Hwayong/A-9196-2013 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 241308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.241308 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900010 ER PT J AU Rigamonti, S Reboredo, FA Proetto, CR AF Rigamonti, S Reboredo, FA Proetto, CR TI Exact-exchange density-functional theory applied to a strongly inhomogeneous electron gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FORMALISM; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; ENERGY; SEMICONDUCTORS; APPROXIMATIONS; EXPANSION; LIMIT AB A recently developed quasi-two-dimensional exact-exchange formalism within the framework of density-functional theory has been applied to a strongly inhomogeneous interacting electron gas. Results are presented for the exchange-hole density at different positions in the system, the exchange-energy density, and the exchange energy per particle. It has been found that the exact exchange hole is strongly nonlocal when evaluated at a point of low density, but that evolves progressively towards a local-density approximation (LDA) hole for increasing density. The exchange-energy density is over (under) estimated by the LDA at the points of high (low) density. The exchange energy per particle shows a pronounced minimum when the system is close to the two-dimensional limit. C1 Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RI Reboredo, Fernando/B-8391-2009 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 23 AR 235309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.235309 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 764DL UT WOS:000188186400066 ER PT J AU Sadigh, B Soderlind, P Wolfer, WG AF Sadigh, B Soderlind, P Wolfer, WG TI Geometry and electronic structure of alpha-Pu: A theoretical study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DELTA-PU; PLUTONIUM; METALS; STATE AB The highly complex ground-state structure of Pu has been fully relaxed using first-principles forces and the obtained geometry compares very well with experimental data. Ab initio molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations at 300 K further confirm the stability of the relaxed structure, and reveal the nature of the vibrations in this system. In addition, magnetic ordering in alpha-Pu is studied in detail, showing a strong tendency in Pu to develop magnetic moments that vary considerably in magnitude depending on the atomic position in the lattice, with an overall antiparallel alignment. These spin-polarized (SP) calculations reproduce, the experimental bulk modulus of alpha-Pu. Combining the bulk modulus from the SP calculations, and the vibrational contribution to the thermal expansion from the MD simulations, we can account for the anomalous thermal expansion of alpha-Pu. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sadigh, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 241101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.241101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900001 ER PT J AU Schnell, I Czycholl, G Albers, RC AF Schnell, I Czycholl, G Albers, RC TI Unscreened Hartree-Fock calculations for metallic Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu from ab initio Hamiltonians SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; EFFECTIVE-POTENTIAL METHOD; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; EXACT EXCHANGE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CORRELATED SYSTEMS; LDA++ APPROACH; DENSITY; ENERGY; SPECTRA AB Unscreened Hartree-Fock approximation (HFA) calculations for metallic Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu are presented, by using a quantum-chemical approach. To the best of our knowledge these are the first HFA results to have been done for crystalline 3d transition metals. Our approach uses a linearized muffin-tin orbital calculation to determine Bloch functions for the Hartree one-particle Hamiltonian, and from these obtains maximally localized Wannier functions, using a method proposed by Marzari and Vanderbilt. Within this Wannier basis all relevant one-particle and two-particle Coulomb matrix elements are calculated. The resulting second-quantized multiband Hamiltonian with ab initio parameters is studied within the simplest many-body approximation, namely the unscreened, self-consistent HFA, which takes into account exact exchange and is free of self-interactions. Although the d bands sit considerably lower within HFA than within the local (spin) density approximation LSDA, the exchange splitting and magnetic moments for ferromagnetic Fe, Co, and Ni are only slightly larger in HFA than what is obtained either experimentally or within LSDA. The HFA total energies are lower than the corresponding LSDA calculations. We believe that this same approach can be easily extended to include more sophisticated ab initio many-body treatments of the electronic structure of solids. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bremen, Dept Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 24 AR 245102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.245102 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 766TP UT WOS:000188391900025 ER PT J AU Wang, GF Strachan, A Cagin, T Goddard, WA AF Wang, GF Strachan, A Cagin, T Goddard, WA TI Atomistic simulations of kinks in 1/2a < 111 > screw dislocations in bcc tantalum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CENTERED CUBIC METALS; TRANSITION-METALS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FLOW-STRESS; AB-INITIO; MO; TA; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PLASTICITY AB Two types of equilibrium core structures (denoted symmetric and asymmetric) for 1/2a<111> screw dislocations in bcc metals have been found in atomistic simulations. In asymmetric (or polarized) cores, the central three atoms simultaneously translate along the Burgers vector direction. This collective displacement of core atoms is called polarization. In contrast, symmetric (nonpolarized) cores have zero core polarization. To examine the possible role of dislocation core in kink-pair formation process, we studied the multiplicity, structural features, and formation energies of 1/3a<112> kinks in 1/2a<111> screw dislocations with different core structures. To do this we used a family of embedded atom model potentials for tantalum (Ta) all of which reproduce bulk properties (density, cohesive energy, and elastic constants) from quantum mechanics calculations but differ in the resulting polarization of 1/2a<111> screw dislocations. For dislocations with asymmetric core, there are two energy equivalent core configurations [with positive (P) and negative (N) polarization], leading to 2 types of (polarization) flips, 8 kinds of isolated kinks, and 16 combinations of kink pairs. We find there are only two elementary kinks, while the others are composites of elementary kinks and flips. In contrast, for screw dislocations with symmetric core, there are only two types of isolated kinks and one kind of kink pair. We find that the equilibrium dislocation core structure of 1/2a<111> screw dislocations is an important factor in determining the kink-pair formation energy. C1 CALTECH, Beckman Inst 139 74, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wag@wag.caltech.edu NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 22 AR 224101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.224101 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 763JN UT WOS:000188081900022 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Viehland, D Li, JF Gehring, PM Shirane, G AF Xu, GY Viehland, D Li, JF Gehring, PM Shirane, G TI Evidence of decoupled lattice distortion and ferroelectric polarization in the relaxor system PMN-xPT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-TRANSITION; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR AB We report high q-resolution neutron scattering data on PMN-xPT single crystals with x=20% and 27%. No rhombohedral distortion occurs in the 20PT sample for temperatures as low as 50 K. On the other hand, the 27PT sample transforms into a rhombohedral phase below T(C)similar to375 K. Our data provide conclusive evidence that a phase with an average cubic lattice is present in the bulk of this relaxor system at low PT concentration, in which the ferroelectric polarization and lattice distortion are decoupled. The rhombohedral distortion is limited to the outermost tens of microns of the crystal. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 NR 27 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 212410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.212410 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700015 ER PT J AU Yaresko, AN Antonov, VN Harmon, BN AF Yaresko, AN Antonov, VN Harmon, BN TI Electronic structure and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in uranium compounds. III. Heavy-fermion compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SURFACE PROPERTIES; QUASI-PARTICLES; BAND-STRUCTURE; UPT3; UBE13; UPD2AL3; SYSTEMS AB The electronic structure and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra of heavy-fermion compounds UPt3, URu2Si2, UPd2Al3, UNi2Al3, and UBe13 are investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac linear muffin-tin orbital band-structure method. The electronic structure is obtained with the local spin-density approximation (LSDA), as well as with a generalization of the LSDA+U method. The origin of the XMCD spectra in the compound is examined. C1 Max Planck Inst Phys Complex Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Inst Met Phys, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Yaresko, AN (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys Complex Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. EM antonov@ameslab.gov NR 79 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 21 AR 214426 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.214426 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762JD UT WOS:000187967700060 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ AF Zhang, Y Weber, WJ TI Validity of Bragg's rule for heavy-ion stopping in silicon carbide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; MAXIMUM VALUES; BINARY THEORY; F-19 IONS; POWERS; AL; SI; HELIUM AB The stopping powers for O, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, and Cu in a self-supporting SiC film have been measured in transmission geometry over a continuous range of energies using a time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis system. These stopping data, along with the stopping data in Si and C obtained using the same ions and measurement technique, are used to assess the validity of the Bragg additivity rule for stopping powers in SiC over a range of ions and energies. Within experimental uncertainties (+/-4%), the results indicate that Bragg's rule is valid in SiC for the ion species and energy regions studied. The measured stopping powers in C, Si, and SiC are also compared with the stopping power predictions of the two most recent versions of the SRIM (stopping and range of ions in matter) codes. While both versions of SRIM show varying degrees of agreement with the measured stopping data, there are significant deviations of the SRIM predictions for some ions and energy regions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yanwen.Zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 23 AR 235317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.235317 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 764DL UT WOS:000188186400074 ER PT J AU Ahmed, MW Cui, X Empl, A Hungerford, EV Lan, KJ Youn, M Chrien, RE Gill, R Pile, P Rusek, A Sutter, R Bjoraker, J Dehnhard, D O'Donnell, JM Gerald, J Juengst, H Liu, JH Peng, JC Morris, CL Riedel, CM Thiessen, HA Androic, D Bertovic, I Furic, M Petkovic, T Planinic, M Tang, L Zeps, V AF Ahmed, MW Cui, X Empl, A Hungerford, EV Lan, KJ Youn, M Chrien, RE Gill, R Pile, P Rusek, A Sutter, R Bjoraker, J Dehnhard, D O'Donnell, JM Gerald, J Juengst, H Liu, JH Peng, JC Morris, CL Riedel, CM Thiessen, HA Androic, D Bertovic, I Furic, M Petkovic, T Planinic, M Tang, L Zeps, V TI Experimental study of the C-12(K-stopped(-), (pi)0)(Lambda)B-12 reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID K-CAPTURE; HYPERNUCLEI; MATTER; NUCLEI; ENERGY; REST AB The (K-stopped(-), pi(0)) strangeness and charge changing reaction was investigated by producing a B-12(Lambda) hypernucleus from a carbon target. The branching ratio for K- capture to the ground and p-shell states of this hypernucleus was found to be (0.28+/-0.08) x 10(-3) and (0.35+/-0.09)x10(-3), respectively, which after correction for isospin was lower than a previously measured value for the C-12(K-stopped(-),pi(-)) C-12(Lambda) reaction, but still above the theoretical predictions for the ground state. The experiment obtained a missing-mass resolution comparable to in-flight reactions, however the higher background and lower selectivity of the K-stopped(-) reaction limits its usefulness in the study of new hypernuclear species. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Hampton Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Ahmed, MW (reprint author), Duke Univ, Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM mohammad.ahmed@duke.edu RI Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Androic, Darko/A-7482-2008 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 064004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.064004 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500012 ER PT J AU Bedaque, PF Rupak, G Savage, MJ AF Bedaque, PF Rupak, G Savage, MJ TI Goldstone bosons in the P-3(2) superfluid phase of neutron matter and neutrino emission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP APPROACH; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; STAR MATTER; NUCLEON; BREAKING; DENSITY AB At the high densities present in the interior of neutron stars, the neutrons are condensed into the P-3(2) superfluid phase. While this condensation has little impact on the equation of state, it can have an important role in determining the low-temperature energy-momentum transport properties. The spontaneous breaking of baryon number by the condensate gives rise to the familiar Goldstone. boson, but in addition, the spontaneous breaking of rotational invariance by the condensate gives rise to three Goldstone bosons, in general, one for each broken generator of rotations. These Goldstone bosons, which couple to Z(0), provide a new mechanism for neutrino emission. Using a low-energy effective field theory to describe the dynamics of these Goldstone bosons we estimate the neutrino emissivity of dense neutron matter and show that their annihilation is the dominant energy-loss mechanism over a range of temperatures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bedaque, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pfbedaque@lbl.gov; grupak@lbl.gov; savage@phys.washington.edu NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 065802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.065802 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500046 ER PT J AU Dietrich, FS Anderson, JD Bauer, RW Grimes, SM AF Dietrich, FS Anderson, JD Bauer, RW Grimes, SM TI Wick's limit and a new method for estimating neutron reaction cross sections SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SIMPLE RAMSAUER MODEL; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; NUCLEI AB We construct an analytic model to demonstrate qualitatively the correspondence between the measured neutron total cross section and the regions where Wick's limit is actually an equality. This model does not give sufficiently accurate quantitative results, so we extend our calculations by using the nuclear optical model with both local and global parameters. We then demonstrate how Wick's limit can be used to give useful reaction cross-section information. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Dietrich, FS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 064608 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.064608 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500031 ER PT J AU Dutta, D van Westrum, D Abbott, D Ahmidouch, A Amatuoni, TA Armstrong, C Arrington, J Assamagan, KA Bailey, K Baker, OK Barrow, S Beard, K Beatty, D Beedoe, S Beise, E Belz, E Bochna, C Bosted, PE Breuer, H Bruins, EEW Carlini, R Cha, J Chant, N Cothran, C Cummings, WJ Danagoulian, S Day, D DeSchepper, D Ducret, JE Duncan, F Dunne, J Eden, T Ent, R Fortune, HT Frolov, V Geesaman, DF Gao, H Gilman, R Gueye, P Hansen, JO Hinton, W Holt, RJ Jackson, C Jackson, HE Jones, C Kaufman, S Kelly, JJ Keppel, C Khandaker, M Kim, W Kinney, E Klein, A Koltenuk, D Kramer, L Lorenzon, W Lung, A McFarlane, K Mack, DJ Madey, R Markowitz, P Martin, J Mateos, A Meekins, D Miller, MA Milner, R Mitchell, J Mohring, R Mkrtchyan, H Nathan, AM Niculescu, G Niculescu, I O'Neill, TG Potterveld, D Price, JW Reinhold, J Salgado, C Schiffer, JP Segel, RE Stoler, P Suleiman, R Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Terburg, B Welch, TP Williamson, C Wood, S Yan, C Yang, JC Yu, J Zeidman, B Zhao, W Zihlmann, B AF Dutta, D van Westrum, D Abbott, D Ahmidouch, A Amatuoni, TA Armstrong, C Arrington, J Assamagan, KA Bailey, K Baker, OK Barrow, S Beard, K Beatty, D Beedoe, S Beise, E Belz, E Bochna, C Bosted, PE Breuer, H Bruins, EEW Carlini, R Cha, J Chant, N Cothran, C Cummings, WJ Danagoulian, S Day, D DeSchepper, D Ducret, JE Duncan, F Dunne, J Eden, T Ent, R Fortune, HT Frolov, V Geesaman, DF Gao, H Gilman, R Gueye, P Hansen, JO Hinton, W Holt, RJ Jackson, C Jackson, HE Jones, C Kaufman, S Kelly, JJ Keppel, C Khandaker, M Kim, W Kinney, E Klein, A Koltenuk, D Kramer, L Lorenzon, W Lung, A McFarlane, K Mack, DJ Madey, R Markowitz, P Martin, J Mateos, A Meekins, D Miller, MA Milner, R Mitchell, J Mohring, R Mkrtchyan, H Nathan, AM Niculescu, G Niculescu, I O'Neill, TG Potterveld, D Price, JW Reinhold, J Salgado, C Schiffer, JP Segel, RE Stoler, P Suleiman, R Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Terburg, B Welch, TP Williamson, C Wood, S Yan, C Yang, JC Yu, J Zeidman, B Zhao, W Zihlmann, B TI Quasielastic (e, e ' p) reaction on C-12, Fe-56, and Au-197 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; FREE E,E'P REACTIONS; NUCLEAR TRANSPARENCY; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; PROTON PROPAGATION; ENERGY ELECTRONS; FINITE NUCLEI; DEPENDENCE; APPROXIMATION; MOMENTUM AB We report the results from a systematic study of the quasielastic (e, e'p) reaction on C-12, Fe-56, and Au-197 performed at Jefferson Lab. We have measured nuclear transparency and extracted spectral functions (corrected for radiation) over a Q(2) range of 0.64-3.25 (GeV/c)(2) for all three nuclei. In addition, we have extracted separated longitudinal and transverse spectral functions at Q(2) of 0.64 and 1.8 (GeV/c)(2) for these three nuclei (except for Au-197 at the higher Q(2)). The spectral functions are compared to a number of theoretical calculations. The measured spectral functions differ in detail but not in overall shape from most of the theoretical models. In all three targets the measured spectral functions show considerable excess transverse strength at Q(2)=0.64 (GeV/c)(2), which is much reduced at 1.8 (GeV/c)(2). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Chungnam Natl Univ, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia. RP Dutta, D (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934 NR 56 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 064603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.064603 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500026 ER PT J AU Guttormsen, M Bagheri, A Chankova, R Rekstad, J Siem, S Schiller, A Voinov, A AF Guttormsen, M Bagheri, A Chankova, R Rekstad, J Siem, S Schiller, A Voinov, A TI Thermal properties and radiative strengths in Dy-160,Dy-161,Dy-162 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-LEVEL DENSITIES; GAMMA-RAY STRENGTH; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SPECTRA; DY-162 AB The level densities and radiative strength functions (RSFs) in Dy-160,Dy-161 have been extracted using the (He-3, alphagamma) and (He-3, He-3' gamma) reactions, respectively. The data are compared to previous measurements on Dy-161,Dy-162. The energy distribution in the canonical ensemble is discussed with respect to the nucleon Cooper pair breaking process. The gross properties of the RSF are described by the giant electric dipole resonance. The RSF at low gamma-ray energies is discussed with respect to temperature dependency. Resonance parameters of a soft dipole resonance at Egammasimilar to3 MeV are deduced. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Neutron Phys Lab, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Guttormsen, M (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM magne.guttormsen@fys.uio.no NR 29 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 064306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.064306 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500018 ER PT J AU Hayes, AC AF Hayes, AC TI Inadequacy of scaling arguments for neutrino cross sections SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; STATES; CAPTURE AB The problem with the use of scaling arguments for simultaneous studies of different weak interaction processes is discussed. When different neutrino scattering cross sections involving quite different momentum transfers are being compared it is difficult to define a meaningful single scaling factor to renormalize calculated cross sections. It has been suggested that the use of such scaling can be used to estimate high-energy neutrino cross sections from low-energy neutrino cross sections. This argument has lead to questions on the consistency of the magnitude of the Liquid Scintillating Neutrino Detector (LSND) muon neutrino cross sections on C-12 relative to other lower-energy weak processes. The issue is revisited here and from inspection of the structure of the form factors involved it is seen that the problem arises from a poor description of the transition form factors at high-momentum transfer. When wave functions that reproduce the transverse magnetic inelastic (e, e') scattering form factor for the 15.11 MeV state in C-12 are used there is no longer a need for scaling the axial current, and the different weak interactions rates involving the T=1 1(+) triplet in mass 12 are consistent with one another. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hayes, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 067302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.067302 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500051 ER PT J AU Hirano, T Nara, Y AF Hirano, T Nara, Y TI Pseudorapidity dependence of parton energy loss in relativistic heavy ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID P(T) AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRY; PHASE-TRANSITION; GLUON RADIATION; QCD; DISTRIBUTIONS; SUPPRESSION; EVOLUTION; EXPANSION; OPACITY; PLASMA AB We analyze the recent data from the BRAHMS Collaboration on the pseudorapidity dependence of nuclear modification factors in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV by using the full three dimensional hydrodynamic simulations for the density effects on parton energy loss. We first compute the transverse spectra at eta=0 and 2.2, and next take a ratio R-eta=R-AA(eta=2.2)/R-AA(eta=0), where R-AA is a nuclear modification factor. It is shown that hydrodynamic components account for R-eta similar or equal to 1 at low p(T) and that quenched perturbative QCD components lead to R-eta<1 at high PT which are consistent with the data. Strong suppression at eta=2.2 is compatible with the parton energy loss in the final state. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 064902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.064902 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500037 ER PT J AU Ioffe, BL Kharzeev, DE AF Ioffe, BL Kharzeev, DE TI Quarkonium polarization in heavy ion collisions as a possible signature of the quark-gluon plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS J/PSI SUPPRESSION; PI-N INTERACTIONS; PB-PB COLLISIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; S-U INTERACTIONS; PSI-SUPPRESSION; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; CHARMONIUM PRODUCTION; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; COMOVERS APPROACH AB The polarization of quarkonium states produced in hadron collisions exhibits strong nonperturbative effects-for example, at small transverse momentum p(t) charmonia appear unpolarized, in sharp contradiction to the predictions of perturbation theory. The quark-gluon plasma is expected to screen away the nonperturbative physics; therefore those quarkonia which escape from the plasma should possess polarization as predicted by perturbative QCD. We estimate the expected J/psi polarization at small p(t), and find that it translates into the asymmetry of the e(+)e(-)(mu(+),mu(-)) angular distribution W(theta)similar to1 + alphacos(2)theta, with alphasimilar or equal to0.35-0.4. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, B Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow 117218, Russia. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 061902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.061902 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500008 ER PT J AU Lagergren, K Clark, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Issa, T Janssens, RVF Johnson, A Macchiavelli, AO Milechina, L Sarantites, DG Wyss, R AF Lagergren, K Clark, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Issa, T Janssens, RVF Johnson, A Macchiavelli, AO Milechina, L Sarantites, DG Wyss, R TI Shape evolution in the superdeformed A approximate to 80-90 mass region SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS; CHANNEL-SELECTION; MEAN-FIELD; GAMMASPHERE; TRANSITIONS; NUCLEI; BANDS; MO-88 AB Superdeformed bands in Mo-88, Tc-89, and Tc-91 were populated using a Ca-40 beam with an energy of 185 MeV, impinging on a backed Ni-58 target. gamma rays and charged particles emitted in the reactions were detected using the Gammasphere Ge detector array and the CsI(TI) array Microball. Average transition quadrupole moments Q(t) with significantly improved accuracy compared to earlier work, were deduced for the bands using the residual doppler shift technique. The experimental results were included into a systematic study of the Q(t) values throughout the superdeformed mass 80-90 region. The superdeformed shell gaps are predicted to move towards larger deformations with increasing Z and N in this mass region. This trend is confirmed by the experimental Q(t) values. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Lagergren, K (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 064309 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.064309 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500021 ER PT J AU Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Phair, L AF Moretto, LG Elliott, JB Phair, L TI Resistible effects of Coulomb interaction on nucleus-vapor phase coexistence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; REGION AB We explore the effects of Coulomb interaction upon the nuclear liquid vapor phase transition. Because large nuclei (A>30) are metastable objects, phases, phase coexistence, and phase transitions cannot be defined with any generality and the analogy to liquid vapor is Ill. posed for these heavy systems. However, it is possible to account for the Coulomb interaction in the decay rates and obtain the coexistence phase diagram for the corresponding uncharged system. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 061602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.061602 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500006 ER PT J AU Tomandl, I Honz tko, J von Egidy, T Wirth, HF Belgya, T Lakatos, M Szentmiklosi, L Revay, Z Moln r, GL Firestone, RB Bondarenko, V AF Tomandl, I Honz tko, J von Egidy, T Wirth, HF Belgya, T Lakatos, M Szentmiklosi, L Revay, Z Moln r, GL Firestone, RB Bondarenko, V TI Thermal neutron capture cross sections of tellurium isotopes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; RESONANCE INTEGRALS; GAMMA; ACTIVATION; N,GAMMA; ISOMERS; CATALOG; RATIOS; PGAA AB New values for thermal neutron capture cross sections of the tellurium isotopes Te-122, Te-124, Te-125, Te-126, Te-128, and Te-130 are reported. These values are based on a combination of newly determined partial gamma-ray cross sections obtained from experiments on targets contained natural Te and gamma intensities per capture of individual Te isotopes. Isomeric ratios for the thermal neutron capture on the even tellurium isotopes are also given. C1 Inst Phys Nucl, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Hungarian Acad Sci, Chem Res Ctr, Inst Isotope & Surface Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Latvian State Univ, Inst Solid State Phys, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia. RP Tomandl, I (reprint author), Inst Phys Nucl, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. RI Tomandl, Ivo/G-7816-2014; Szentmiklosi, Laszlo/F-5362-2015 OI Szentmiklosi, Laszlo/0000-0001-7747-8545 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 067602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.067602 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 771DC UT WOS:000188769500054 ER PT J AU Blum, T Chen, P Christ, N Cristian, C Dawson, C Fleming, G Mawhinney, R Ohta, S Siegert, G Soni, A Vranas, P Wingate, M Wu, L Zhestkov, Y AF Blum, T Chen, P Christ, N Cristian, C Dawson, C Fleming, G Mawhinney, R Ohta, S Siegert, G Soni, A Vranas, P Wingate, M Wu, L Zhestkov, Y TI Kaon matrix elements and CP violation from quenched lattice QCD: The 3-flavor case SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; TO-LEADING ORDER; ANOMALOUS DIMENSION MATRIX; WEAK NONLEPTONIC DECAYS; NON-LEPTONIC DECAYS; 6-QUARK MODEL; NONPERTURBATIVE RENORMALIZATION; 4-FERMION OPERATORS; STRANGE PARTICLES; DELTA-I=1/2 RULE AB We report the results of a calculation of the K-->pipi matrix elements relevant for the DeltaI=1/2 rule and epsilon'/epsilon in quenched lattice QCD using domain wall fermions at a fixed lattice spacing a(-1)similar to2 GeV. Working in the three-quark effective theory, where only the u, d, and s quarks enter and which is known perturbatively to next-to-leading order, we calculate the lattice K-->pi and K-->\0> matrix elements of dimension six, four-fermion operators. Through lowest order chiral perturbation theory these yield K-->pipi matrix elements, which we then normalize to continuum values through a nonperturbative renormalization technique. For the ratio of isospin amplitudes \A(0)\/\A(2)\ we find a value of 25.3+/-1.8 (statistical error only) compared to the experimental value of 22.2, with individual isospin amplitudes 10%-20% below the experimental values. For epsilon'/epsilon, using known central values for standard model parameters, we calculate (-4.0+/-2.3)x10(-4) (statistical error only) compared to the current experimental average of (17.2+/-1.8)x10(-4). Because we find a large cancellation between the I=0 and I=2 contributions to epsilon'/epsilon, the result may be very sensitive to the approximations employed. Among these are the use of quenched QCD, lowest order chiral perturbation theory, and continuum perturbation theory below 1.3 GeV. We also calculate the kaon B parameter B-K and find B-K,B-(MS) over bar(2 GeV)=0.532(11). Although currently unable to give a reliable systematic error, we have control over statistical errors and more simulations will yield information about the effects of the approximations on this first-principles determination of these important quantities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. IBM Res Corp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013; OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167; Wingate, Matthew/0000-0001-6568-988X NR 87 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 114506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.114506 PG 70 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400040 ER PT J AU Carena, M de Gouvea, A Freitas, A Schmitt, M AF Carena, M de Gouvea, A Freitas, A Schmitt, M TI Invisible Z-boson decays at e(+)e(-) colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRIES; SINGLE-PHOTON PRODUCTION; Z-RESONANCE PARAMETERS; ELECTROWEAK PARAMETERS; MISSING ENERGY; ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; PRECISE DETERMINATION; MAJORANA NEUTRINOS; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS AB The measurement of the invisible Z-boson decay width at e(+)e(-) colliders can be done "indirectly," by subtracting the Z-boson visible partial widths from the Z-boson total width, or "directly," from the process e(+)e(-)-->gammanu(nu) over bar. Both procedures are sensitive to different types of new physics and provide information about the couplings of the neutrinos to the Z boson. At present, measurements at CERN LEP and CHARM II are capable of constraining the left-handed Znu(nu) over bar coupling, 0.45less than or similar tog(L)less than or similar to0.5, while the right-handed one is only mildly bounded, \g(R)\less than or equal to0.2. We show that measurements at a future e(+)e(-) linear collider at different center-of-mass energies, roots=m(Z) and rootsapproximate to170 GeV, would translate into a markedly more precise measurement of the Znu(nu) over bar couplings. A statistically significant deviation from standard model predictions will point toward different new physics mechanisms, depending on whether the discrepancy appears in the direct or the indirect measurement of the invisible Z width. We discuss some scenarios which illustrate the ability of different invisible Z-boson decay measurements to constrain new physics beyond the standard model. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 113007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.113007 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400010 ER PT J AU Chacko, Z Perazzi, E AF Chacko, Z Perazzi, E TI Extra dimensions at the weak scale and deviations from Newtonian gravity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MACROSCOPIC FORCES; TEV; MILLIMETER; HIERARCHY; COMPACTIFICATION; SUPERSYMMETRY; SUPERSTRINGS; UNIFICATION; BREAKING; MODULUS AB We consider theories in which the standard model gauge fields propagate in extra dimensions whose size is around the electroweak scale. The standard model quarks and leptons may either be localized to a brane or propagate in the bulk. This class of theories includes models of Scherk-Schwarz supersymmetry breaking and universal extra dimensions. We consider the problem of stabilizing the volume of the extra dimensions. We find that for a large class of stabilization mechanisms the field which corresponds to fluctuations of the volume remains light even after stabilization, and has a mass in the 10(-3) eV range. In particular this is the case if stabilization does not involve dynamics at scales larger than the cutoff of the higher dimensional standard model, and if the effective theory below the compactification scale is four dimensional. The mass of this field is protected against large radiative corrections by the general covariance of the higher dimensional theory and by the weakness of its couplings, which are Planck suppressed. Its couplings to matter mediate forces whose strength is comparable to that of gravity and which can give rise to potentially observable deviations from Newton's law at submillimeter distances. Current experiments investigating short distance gravity can probe extra dimensions too small to be accessible to current collider experiments. In particular for a single extra dimension stabilized by the Casimir energy of the standard model fields compactification radii as small as 5 inverse TeV are accessible to current submillimeter gravity experiments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, Sloane Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zchacko@thsrv.lbl.gov; elena.perazzi@yale.edu NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 115002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.115002 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400042 ER PT J AU Herczeg, P AF Herczeg, P TI CP-violating electron-nucleon interactions from leptoquark exchange SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SU(15) GRAND UNIFICATION; DIPOLE MOMENT; LIGHT LEPTOQUARKS; TENSOR CHARGE; T-VIOLATION; SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES; STANDARD MODEL; P-VIOLATION; ODD; PROTON AB We investigate the CP-violating electron-quark interactions arising from the exchange of spin-1 and spin-0 leptoquarks coupled to the first fermion family and deduce the bounds on the CP-violating products of the effective leptoquark-fermion coupling constants from experimental limits on CP-violating electron-nucleon interactions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 85 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 116004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.116004 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400053 ER PT J AU Horvath, I Dong, SJ Draper, T Lee, FX Liu, KF Mathur, N Thacker, HB Zhang, JB AF Horvath, I Dong, SJ Draper, T Lee, FX Liu, KF Mathur, N Thacker, HB Zhang, JB TI Low-dimensional long-range topological charge structure in the QCD vacuum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; LATTICE QCD; FERMIONS; ULTRALOCALITY; CONSTRUCTION AB While sign-coherent 4-dimensional structures cannot dominate topological charge fluctuations in the QCD vacuum at all scales due to reflection positivity, it is possible that enhanced coherence exists over extended space-time regions of lower dimension. Using the overlap Dirac operator to calculate topological charge density, we present evidence for such structure in pure-glue SU(3) lattice gauge theory. It is found that a typical equilibrium configuration is dominated by two oppositely charged sign-coherent connected structures ("sheets") covering about 80% of space-time. Each sheet is built from elementary 3D cubes connected through 2D faces, and approximates a low-dimensional curved manifold (or possibly a fractal structure) embedded in the 4D space. At the heart of the sheet is a "skeleton" formed by about 18% of the most intense space-time points organized into a global long-range structure, involving connected parts spreading over maximal possible distances. We find that the skeleton is locally 1-dimensional and propose that its geometrical properties might be relevant for understanding the possible role of topological charge fluctuations in the physics of chiral symmetry breaking. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 32 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 114505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.114505 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400039 ER PT J AU Jager, B Stratmann, M Vogelsang, W AF Jager, B Stratmann, M Vogelsang, W TI Longitudinally polarized photoproduction of inclusive hadrons beyond the leading order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EP COLLIDER HERA; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; PHOTON; COLLISIONS; JETS AB We present a complete next-to-leading order QCD calculation for single-inclusive large-p(T) hadron production in longitudinally polarized lepton-nucleon collisions, consistently including "direct" and "resolved" photon contributions. This process could be studied experimentally at a future polarized lepton-proton collider such as eRHIC at BNL. We examine the sensitivity of such measurements to the so far completely unknown parton content of circularly polarized photons. C1 Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 114018 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.114018 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400032 ER PT J AU Kidonakis, N Vogt, R AF Kidonakis, N Vogt, R TI Next-to-next-to-leading order soft-gluon corrections in top quark hadroproduction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QCD HARD SCATTERING; HADRON HADRON-COLLISIONS; HEAVY-QUARK; CROSS-SECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; RESUMMATION AB We calculate next-to-next-to-leading order soft-gluon corrections to top quark total and differential cross sections in hadron colliders. We increase the accuracy of our previous estimates by including additional subleading terms, including next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic and some virtual terms. We show that the kinematics dependence of the cross section vanishes near threshold and is reduced away from it. The factorization and renormalization scale dependence of the cross section is also greatly reduced. We present results for the top quark total cross sections and transverse momentum distributions at the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN LHC. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kidonakis, N (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. NR 24 TC 201 Z9 200 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 114014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.114014 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400028 ER PT J AU Kowalski, H Teaney, D AF Kowalski, H Teaney, D TI Impact parameter dipole saturation model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; HIGH-ENERGY SCATTERING; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; BFKL POMERON; DIFFRACTION DISSOCIATION; ELASTIC PHOTOPRODUCTION; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB We develop a dipole model for DESY HERA deep inelastic scattering data which incorporates the impact parameter distribution of the proton. The model describes the inclusive total gamma*p cross sections as well as the diffractive J/psi differential cross sections. We compare the model with previous approaches and show that the t distributions are sensitive to saturation phenomena. We estimate the boundary of the saturation region and show that it dominates the data in the low-Q(2) region where the total gamma*p cross section exhibits the same universal rise as hadronic cross sections. The model is then extended to nuclei and shows good agreement with the nuclear shadowing data at small x. Finally, we estimate the saturation scale in nuclei. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. RP Kowalski, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 68 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 114005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.114005 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400019 ER PT J AU Lillie, B Hewett, JL AF Lillie, B Hewett, JL TI Flavor constraints on split fermion models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID EXTRA DIMENSIONS; CP VIOLATION; DARK-MATTER; MILLIMETER; PARTICLE; DECAYS; TEV AB We examine the contributions to rare processes that arise in models where the standard model fermions are localized at distinct points in compact extra dimensions. Tree-level flavor changing neutral current interactions for the Kaluza-Klein gauge field excitations are induced in such models, and hence strong constraints are thought to exist on the size of the additional dimensions. We find a general parametrization of the model which does not depend on any specific fermion geography and show that typical values of the parameters can reproduce the fermion hierarchy pattern. Using this parametrization, we reexamine the contributions to neutral meson mixing, rare meson decays, and single top-quark production in e(+)e(-) collisions. We find that it is possible to evade the stringent bounds for natural regions of the parameters, while retaining finite separations between the fermion fields and without introducing a new hierarchy. The resulting limits on the size of the compact dimension can be as low as TeV-1. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 116002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.116002 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400051 ER PT J AU Sanchez, M Allison, WWM Alner, GJ Ayres, DS Barrett, WL Border, PM Cobb, JH Cockerill, DJA Courant, H Demuth, DM Fields, TH Gallagher, HR Goodman, MC Joffe-Minor, T Kafka, T Kasahara, SMS Litchfield, PJ Mann, WA Marshak, ML Milburn, RH Miller, WH Mualem, L Nelson, JK Napier, A Oliver, WP Pearce, GF Peterson, EA Petyt, DA Ruddick, K Schneps, J Sousa, A Speakman, B Thron, JL West, N AF Sanchez, M Allison, WWM Alner, GJ Ayres, DS Barrett, WL Border, PM Cobb, JH Cockerill, DJA Courant, H Demuth, DM Fields, TH Gallagher, HR Goodman, MC Joffe-Minor, T Kafka, T Kasahara, SMS Litchfield, PJ Mann, WA Marshak, ML Milburn, RH Miller, WH Mualem, L Nelson, JK Napier, A Oliver, WP Pearce, GF Peterson, EA Petyt, DA Ruddick, K Schneps, J Sousa, A Speakman, B Thron, JL West, N TI Measurement of the L/E distributions of atmospheric nu in Soudan 2 and their interpretation as neutrino oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TRACKING CALORIMETER MODULES; GEV ENERGY-RANGE; NUCLEON-DECAY; FLUX; RATIO; DETECTOR; SEARCH AB A deficit of atmospheric nu(mu) events, consistent with the hypothesis of neutrino oscillations, is observed in the 5.90 kiloton-year fiducial exposure of the Soudan 2 detector. An unbinned maximum likelihood analysis of the neutrino L/E distribution has been carried out using the Feldman-Cousins prescription. The probability of the no oscillation hypothesis is 5.8x10(-4). The 90% confidence allowed region in the sin(2)2theta,Deltam(2) plane is presented. The region includes the 90% confidence allowed region of the Super-K experiment. C1 Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 39 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 113004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.113004 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400007 ER PT J AU Schafer, T AF Schafer, T TI Instantons and scalar multiquark states: From small to large N-c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QCD; SCATTERING; MESON; DENSITY; HADRONS; PHENOMENOLOGY; PSEUDOSCALAR; FERMIONS; VACUUM; LIQUID AB We study scalar ((q) over barq) and ((q) over barq)(2) correlation functions in the instanton liquid model. We show that the instanton liquid supports a light scalar-isoscalar (sigma) meson, and that this state is strongly coupled to both ((q) over barq) and ((q) over barq)(2). The scalar-isovector a(0) meson, on the other hand, is heavy. We also show that these properties are specific to QCD with three colors. In the large N-c limit the scalar-isoscalar meson is not light, and it is mainly coupled to ((q) over barq). C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 11 AR 114017 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.114017 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 761DU UT WOS:000187885400031 ER PT J AU Badyal, YS Bafile, U Miyazaki, K de Schepper, IM Montfrooij, W AF Badyal, YS Bafile, U Miyazaki, K de Schepper, IM Montfrooij, W TI Cage diffusion in liquid mercury SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; COLLECTIVE DYNAMICS; COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; MELTING-POINT; DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; NEUTRON; LITHIUM; FLUIDS; SODIUM; MODE AB We present inelastic neutron scattering measurements on liquid mercury at room temperature for wave numbers q in the range 0.3 L-c, the critical manifold is rough. We develop a scaling theory for L-c and find that in two dimensions L(c)approximate togx(2)(y), while in three dimensions L(c)approximate tog exp(bx(3)(y)), where x=epsilon/(1-epsilon) and b is a constant. Data from realistic polycrystalline grain structures are used to test the scaling theory. The exact lowest energy surface through model grain structures is found using a mapping to the minimum-cut/maximum-flow problem in computer science. As a function of grain-boundary energy, we observe the crossover from grain-boundary rupture to mixed mode failure (a mixture of transgramular and intergranular modes) and finally cleavage and that the two-dimensional data are consistent with y(2)approximate to3.0+/-0.3, while the three-dimensional data are more difficult to analyze, but are consistent with y(3)approximate to3.5+/-1.0. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Theoret & Computat Mat Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM duxbury@pa.msu.edu RI Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016 OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 066107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.066107 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 765XQ UT WOS:000188316700022 PM 14754269 ER PT J AU Scheel, JD Paul, MR Cross, MC Fischer, PF AF Scheel, JD Paul, MR Cross, MC Fischer, PF TI Traveling waves in rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection: Analysis of modes and mean flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PHASE DIFFUSION; EQUATIONS; CONTAINERS; STABILITY; NUMBERS AB Numerical simulations of the Boussinesq equations with rotation for realistic no-slip boundary conditions and a finite annular domain are presented. These simulations reproduce traveling waves observed experimentally. Traveling waves are studied near threshold by using the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE): a mode analysis enables the CGLE coefficients to be determined. The CGLE coefficients are compared with previous experimental and theoretical results. Mean flows are also computed and found to be more significant as the Prandtl number decreases (from sigma=6.4 to sigma=1). In addition, the mean flow around the outer radius of the annulus appears to be correlated with the mean flow around the inner radius. C1 CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jscheel@caltech.edu RI Paul, Mark/E-3567-2014 OI Paul, Mark/0000-0002-0701-1955 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 066216 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.066216 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 765XQ UT WOS:000188316700059 PM 14754306 ER PT J AU Vorobieff, P Mohamed, NG Tomkins, C Goodenough, C Marr-Lyon, M Benjamin, RF AF Vorobieff, P Mohamed, NG Tomkins, C Goodenough, C Marr-Lyon, M Benjamin, RF TI Scaling evolution in shock-induced transition to turbulence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; GAS-CURTAIN; DRIVEN; TAYLOR; GROWTH; MODELS; WAVE AB In this experimental study, a column of heavy gas (SF(6)) surrounded by light gas (air) is accelerated by a planar Mach 1.2 shock. Richtmyer-Meshkov instability on the initially diffuse air-SF(6) interface determines the repeatable large-scale vortex dynamics of the system after the shock passage. Subsequently secondary instabilities form, with the system eventually transitioning to turbulence. We present highly resolved measurements of two components of the instantaneous velocity fields. With these measurements, we investigate the evolution of velocity statistics over a substantial range of scales in terms of structure functions. The latter evolve to exhibit late-time behavior consistent with the Kolmogorov scaling law for fully developed turbulence, despite the transitional character, anisotropy, and inhomogeneity of our flow. Ensemble averaging and comparison with instantaneous results reveal a trend towards the same scaling manifested much earlier by the structure functions of the fluctuating velocity components. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Vorobieff, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Vorobieff, Peter/B-3376-2011; OI Vorobieff, Peter/0000-0003-0631-7263 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 AR 065301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.065301 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 765XQ UT WOS:000188316700010 PM 14754257 ER PT J AU Yakimenko, V Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Malone, R Wang, XJ AF Yakimenko, V Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Malone, R Wang, XJ TI Electron beam phase-space measurement using a high-precision tomography technique SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB We report a measurement of the multidimensional phase-space density distribution of an electron bunch. The measurement combines the techniques of picosecond slice-emittance measurement and high-resolution tomographic measurement of transverse phase space. This technique should have a significant impact on the development of low emittance beams and their many applications, such as short-wavelength free-electron lasers and laser accelerators. A diagnostic that provides detailed information on the density distribution of the electron bunch in multidimensional phase space is an essential tool for obtaining a small emittance at a reasonable charge and for understanding the physics of emittance growth. We previously reported a measurement of the slice emittance of a picosecond electron beam [J.S. Fraser, R.L. Sheffield, and E. R. Gray, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 250, 71 (1986).]. The tomographic reconstruction of the phase space was suggested [X. Qiu, K. Batchelor, I. Ben-Zvi, and X.J. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3723 (1996).] and implemented [C.B. McKee, P.G. O'Shea, and J.M.J. Madey, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 358, 264 (1995); I. Ben-Zvi, J.X. Qiu, and X.J. Wang, in Proceedings of the Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, 1997 (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1997).] using a single quadrupole scan. In the present work we expand the tomographic reconstruction work and combine it with the slice-emittance method. Our present tomographic work pays special attention to the accuracy of the phase-space reconstruction. We use a transport line with nine focusing magnets, and present an analysis and technique aimed at the control of the optical functions and phases. This high-precision phase-space tomography together with the ability to modify the radial charge distribution of the electron beam presents an opportunity to improve the emittance and apply nonlinear radial emittance corrections. Combining the slice emittance and tomography diagnostics leads to an unprecedented visualization of phase-space distributions in five-dimensional phase space and provides an opportunity to perform high-order emittance corrections. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yakimenko, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2003 VL 6 IS 12 AR 122801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.6.122801 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 760MV UT WOS:000187838600003 ER PT J AU Burkert, V Mokeev, VI Ripani, M Anghinolfi, M Battaglieri, M Boluchevskii, AA Golovach, EN De Vita, R Elouadrhiri, L Ishkhanov, BS Osipenko, MV Markov, NS Ricco, G Taiuti, M Fedotov, GV AF Burkert, V Mokeev, VI Ripani, M Anghinolfi, M Battaglieri, M Boluchevskii, AA Golovach, EN De Vita, R Elouadrhiri, L Ishkhanov, BS Osipenko, MV Markov, NS Ricco, G Taiuti, M Fedotov, GV TI New possibilities for studying nucleon resonances on the basis of an analysis of polarization observables and off-scattering-plane angular distributions in the reaction gamma(v)p -> pi(+)pi(-)p SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article ID PION-PAIR PRODUCTION; ENERGY REGION; QUARK-MODEL; BARYONS; PROTON; ELECTROPRODUCTION; EXCITATION; PHOTONS; DECAYS AB A model for describing the double charged-pion production by real and virtual photons in the energy region of nucleon-resonance excitation is further developed for calculating the angular distributions of reaction products off the scattering plane and the beam asymmetry. It is shown that investigation of these observables has a rich potential for extracting the first data on the Coulomb excitation of many nucleon resonances and for separating the contributions of various helicity amplitudes to the excitation of nucleon resonances by transverse photons. (C) 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Burkert, V (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Ishkhanov, Boris/E-1431-2012; Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015 OI Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7788 EI 1562-692X J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD DEC PY 2003 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2149 EP 2158 DI 10.1134/1.1634322 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 760HN UT WOS:000187805700005 ER PT J AU Tomasi-Gustafsson, E Bimbot, L Danagoulian, S Gustafsson, K Mack, D Mkrtchyan, H Rekalo, MP AF Tomasi-Gustafsson, E Bimbot, L Danagoulian, S Gustafsson, K Mack, D Mkrtchyan, H Rekalo, MP TI Observation of coherent pi(0) electroproduction on deuterons at large momentum transfer SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-FUNCTION A(Q(2)); SECTION NEAR-THRESHOLD; TENSOR POLARIMETER; ENERGY DEUTERONS; PHOTODISINTEGRATION; POLARIZATION; SCATTERING; HADRONS; PROTON AB The first experimental results for the coherent pi(0) electroproduction on a deuteron, e + d --> e + d + pi(0), at large momentum transfer, are reported. The experiment was performed at Jefferson Laboratory at an incident electron energy of 4.05 GeV. A large pion production yield has been observed in the kinematical region 1.1 < Q(2) < 1.8 GeV2, from the threshold to 200-MeV excitation energy in the dpi(0) system. The Q(2) dependence is compared with theoretical predictions. (C) 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 LNS Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPHN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. IN2P3, IPNO, Orsay, France. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. KFTI, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Tomasi-Gustafsson, E (reprint author), LNS Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PUBL PI MELVILLE PA C/O AMERICAN INST PHYSICS, 2 HUNTINGTON QUANDRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1063-7788 J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD DEC PY 2003 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2159 EP 2168 DI 10.1134/1.1634323 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 760HN UT WOS:000187805700006 ER PT J AU Hudson, SR Hegna, CC AF Hudson, SR Hegna, CC TI Marginal stability boundaries for infinite-n ballooning modes in a quasiaxisymmetric stellarator SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LOCAL MAGNETIC SHEAR; HIGH-BETA; PHYSICS ISSUES; 2ND STABILITY; ATF TORSATRON; INSTABILITIES; EQUILIBRIA; SPECTRUM; DESIGN; PLASMA AB A method for computing the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability boundaries in three-dimensional equilibria is employed. Following Hegna and Nakajima [Phys. Plasmas 5, 1336 (1998)], a two-dimensional family of equilibria is constructed by perturbing the pressure and rotational-transform profiles in the vicinity of a flux surface for a given stellarator equilibrium. The perturbations are constrained to preserve the MHD equilibrium condition. For each perturbed equilibrium, the infinite-n ballooning stability is calculated. Marginal stability diagrams are thus constructed that are analogous to (s,alpha) diagrams for axisymmetric configurations. A quasiaxisymmetric stellarator is considered. Calculations of stability boundaries generally show regions of instability can occur for either sign of the average magnetic shear. Additionally, regions of second-stability are present. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hudson, SR (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Hudson, Stuart/H-7186-2013 OI Hudson, Stuart/0000-0003-1530-2733 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 12 BP 4716 EP 4727 DI 10.1063/1.1622669 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 746PP UT WOS:000186755000016 ER PT J AU Belikov, VS Kolesnichenko, YI White, RB AF Belikov, VS Kolesnichenko, YI White, RB TI Destabilization of fast magnetoacoustic waves by circulating energetic ions in toroidal plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON EMISSION; TOKAMAK REACTORS; FUSION PRODUCTS; INSTABILITY; EIGENMODES; PARTICLES; JET AB An instability of fast magnetoacoustic waves driven by circulating energetic ions in axisymmetric toroidal plasmas and characterized by frequencies below the ion gyrofrequency is considered. An important role of the l=0 resonance (l is the number of a cyclotron harmonic) in the wave-particle interaction is revealed: It is shown that this resonance considerably extends an unstable region in the space of the pitch-angles of the energetic ions and the wave frequencies. The analysis is carried out for a "slow" instability, which has the growth rate less than the bounce frequency of the energetic ions. Specific examples relevant to the National Spherical Torus Experiment [Spitzer , Fusion Technol. 30, 1337 (1996)], where instabilities of this kind were observed, are considered. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Belikov, VS (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, Prospekt Nauky 47, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 12 BP 4771 EP 4775 DI 10.1063/1.1625375 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 746PP UT WOS:000186755000022 ER PT J AU Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Slutz, SA Peterson, DL AF Sanford, TWL Mock, RC Slutz, SA Peterson, DL TI Length scaling of dynamic-hohlraum axial radiation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY Z-PINCH; X-RAY POWER; HIGH-WIRE-NUMBER; 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; Z-ACCELERATOR; DRIVEN; OPTIMIZATION; INSTABILITY; TEMPERATURE; ENHANCEMENT AB Radiation generated within a 10-mm-long foam-target DH (dynamic hohlraum) is used for high-temperature (>200 eV) radiation-flow and inertial-confinement-fusion studies [Sanford , Phys. Plasmas 9, 3573 (2002)]. The length of this DH is varied from 5 to 20 mm, keeping the mass/unit length constant in an effort to study the scaling of axial radiation power with length, and better understand its production. Measurements show a greater variation in this power with length than would be expected from simple arguments [Slutz , Phys. Plasmas 8, 1673 (2001)]. Maximum axial power of similar to10 TW is produced with a length of similar to7.5 mm, similar to the typical power for the baseline 10 mm DH. The decreasing axial power (at a rate of similar to0.65 TW per mm at longer lengths) is bounded by radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations [Peterson , Phys. Plasmas 6, 2178 (1999)] that include the development of the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the r-z plane. The dramatic drop in axial power below 7.5 mm, by contrast, was unanticipated. This decrease suggests the presence of differing mechanisms for limiting power at short and long lengths. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sanford, TWL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 12 BP 4790 EP 4799 DI 10.1063/1.1625938 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 746PP UT WOS:000186755000025 ER PT J AU Startsev, EA Davidson, RC AF Startsev, EA Davidson, RC TI Electromagnetic Weibel instability in intense charged particle beams with large energy anisotropy SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DELTA-F SIMULATION; LARGE TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-BEAMS; STABILITY PROPERTIES; PRESSURE-ANISOTROPY; SPACE-CHARGE; PLASMA; FILAMENTATION; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB In plasmas with strongly anisotropic distribution functions, collective instabilities may develop if there is sufficient coupling between the transverse and longitudinal degrees of freedom. Our previous numerical and theoretical studies of intense charged particle beams with large temperature anisotropy [E. A. Startsev, R. C. Davidson, and H. Qin, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 6, 084401 (2003); Phys. Plasmas 9, 3138 (2002)] demonstrated that a fast, electrostatic, Harris-type instability develops, and saturates nonlinearly, for sufficiently large temperature anisotropy (T-perpendicular tob/T-parallel tob>1). The total distribution function after saturation, however, is still far from equipartitioned. In this paper the linearized Vlasov-Maxwell equations are used to investigate detailed properties of the transverse electromagnetic Weibel-type instability for a long charge bunch propagating through a cylindrical pipe of radius r(w). The kinetic stability analysis is carried out for azimuthally symmetric perturbations about a two-temperature thermal equilibrium distribution in the smooth-focusing approximation. The most unstable modes are identified, and their eigenfrequencies, radial mode structure and instability thresholds are determined. The stability analysis shows that, although there is free energy available to drive the electromagnetic Weibel instability, the finite transverse geometry of the charged particle beam introduces a large threshold value for the temperature anisotropy [(T-perpendicular tob/T-parallel tob)(Weibel)>(T-perpendicular tob/T-parallel tob)(Harris)] below which the instability is absent. Hence, unlike the case of an electrically neutral plasma, the Weibel instability is not expected to play as significant a role in the process of energy isotropization of intense unneutralized charged particle beams as the electrostatic Harris-type instability. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Startsev, EA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 12 BP 4829 EP 4836 DI 10.1063/1.1625648 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 746PP UT WOS:000186755000029 ER PT J AU Clark, DS Fisch, NJ AF Clark, DS Fisch, NJ TI Simulations of Raman laser amplification in ionizing plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-INDUCED IONIZATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; SELF-MODULATION; PULSES; SCATTERING; AMPLIFIER; REGIME; BEAMS AB By using the amplifying laser pulse in a plasma-based backward Raman laser amplifier to generate the plasma by photoionization of a gas simultaneous with the amplification process, possible instabilities of the pumping laser pulse can be avoided. Particle-in-cell simulations are used to study this amplification mechanism, and earlier results using more elementary models of the Raman interaction are verified [D. S. Clark and N. J. Fisch, Phys. Plasmas 9, 2772 (2002)]. The effects (unique to amplification in ionizing plasmas and not included in previous simulations) of blueshifting of the pump and seed laser pulses as well as the generation of a wake are observed not significantly to impact the amplification process. As expected theoretically, the peak output intensity is found to be limited to Isimilar to10(17) W/cm(2) by forward Raman scattering of the amplifying seed. The integrity of the ionization front of the seed pulse against the development of a possible transverse modulation instability is also demonstrated. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Clark, DS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 12 BP 4837 EP 4847 DI 10.1063/1.1625939 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 746PP UT WOS:000186755000030 ER PT J AU Clark, DS Fisch, NJ AF Clark, DS Fisch, NJ TI Particle-in-cell simulations of Raman laser amplification in preformed plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PULSE AMPLIFICATION; SCATTERING; OSCILLATIONS; COMPRESSION; GENERATION; AMPLIFIERS AB Two critical issues in the amplification of laser pulses by backward Raman scattering in plasma slabs are the saturation mechanism of the amplification effect (which determines the maximum attainable output intensity of a Raman amplifier) and the optimal plasma density for amplification. Previous investigations [V. M. Malkin , Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4448 (1999)] identified forward Raman scattering and modulational instabilities of the amplifying seed as the likely saturation mechanisms and lead to an estimated unfocused output intensity of 10(17) W/cm(2). The optimal density for amplification is determined by the competing constraints of minimizing the plasma density so as to minimize the growth rate of the instabilities leading to saturation but also maintaining the plasma sufficiently dense that the driven Langmuir wave responsible for backscattering does not break prematurely. Here, particle-in-cell code simulations are presented which verify that saturation of backward Raman amplification does occur at intensities of similar to10(17) W/cm(2) by forward Raman scattering and modulational instabilities. The optimal density for amplification in a plasma with the representative temperature of T-e=200 eV is also shown in these simulations to be intermediate between the cold plasma wave-breaking density and the density limit found by assuming a water bag electron distribution function. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Clark, DS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 12 BP 4848 EP 4855 DI 10.1063/1.1625940 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 746PP UT WOS:000186755000031 ER PT J AU Balakin, AA Fraiman, GM Fisch, NJ Malkin, VM AF Balakin, AA Fraiman, GM Fisch, NJ Malkin, VM TI Noise suppression and enhanced focusability in plasma Raman amplifier with multi-frequency pump SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SHORT LASER-PULSES; INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMA; AMPLIFICATION AB Laser pulse compression-amplification through Raman backscattering in plasmas can be facilitated by using multi-frequency pump laser beams. The efficiency of amplification is increased by suppressing the Raman instability of thermal fluctuations and seed precursors. Also the focusability of the amplified radiation is enhanced due to the suppression of large-scale longitudinal speckles in the pump wave structure. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 RAS, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Balakin, AA (reprint author), RAS, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RI Balakin, Alexey/Q-9326-2016 OI Balakin, Alexey/0000-0001-6252-7279 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 12 BP 4856 EP 4864 DI 10.1063/1.1621002 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 746PP UT WOS:000186755000032 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI The best physics humour ever SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD DEC PY 2003 VL 16 IS 12 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 758DQ UT WOS:000187618000016 ER PT J AU Kim, YB Garbisu, C Pickering, IJ Prince, RC George, GN Cho, MJ Wong, JH Buchanan, BB AF Kim, YB Garbisu, C Pickering, IJ Prince, RC George, GN Cho, MJ Wong, JH Buchanan, BB TI Thioredoxin h overexpressed in barley seeds enhances selenite resistance and uptake during germination and early seedling development SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; seed; selenium; thioredoxin h; transgenic barley; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ELEMENTAL SELENIUM; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PLANT; REDUCTASE; SUBSTRATE; SYSTEMS; SELENODIGLUTATHIONE; SPECIATION; PROTEIN AB The uptake, distribution and metabolism of selenite were examined in germinating homozygous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain with thioredoxin h overexpressed in starchy endosperm. Results were related to the null segregant in which the transgene had segregated out during crossing. Compared with the null segregant, the homozygote showed enhanced germination and root and shoot growth in the presence of 1 and 2 mM sodium selenite. The rate of incorporation of selenite by the homozygote was approximately twice that of the null segregant. Based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the major products in both cases were selenomethionine-like species and the red, monoclinic form of elemental selenium, a derivative not previously reported in green plants. Selenite and selenate made up the balance. The distribution of the products formed differed as to the tissue-root, shoot, aleurone, endosperm-but the ratios were similar in the homozygote and null segregant. The results provide evidence that, in addition to the accelerated germination observed previously in water, barley grain overexpressing thioredoxin h are resistant to the inhibitory effects of selenite. These properties raise the possibility that plants overexpressing thioredoxin h could find application in the remediation of polluted environments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Buchanan, BB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Garbisu, Carlos/D-1942-2012; George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Garbisu, Carlos/G-1908-2014; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Garbisu, Carlos/0000-0002-5577-6151; Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD DEC PY 2003 VL 218 IS 2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s00425-003-1102-8 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 750EP UT WOS:000186978600003 PM 13680229 ER PT J AU Cowley, SC Wilson, H Hurricane, O Fong, B AF Cowley, SC Wilson, H Hurricane, O Fong, B TI Explosive instabilities: from solar flares to edge localized modes in tokamaks SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID BALLOONING INSTABILITY; DETONATION; PLASMA; PHYSICS AB The mechanisms for the explosive loss of plasma confinement that occurs in solar flares, magnetospheric sub-storms, tokamak disruptions and edge localized modes remain largely unexplained. Modelling the rapid onset of such events provides a considerable challenge to theory. A possible explanation for these events, nonlinear explosive ballooning, is discussed. In this mechanism a narrow finger of plasma erupts from inside the plasma growing explosively and pushing aside other field lines - the instability spreads from a small region until it disturbs lines across a large section of plasma. The model predicts the observed features of some high beta tokamak disruptions. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BZ, England. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Hughes Res Labs, LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RP Cowley, SC (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 45 SU 12A BP A31 EP A38 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/12A/003 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 763JD UT WOS:000188080900005 ER PT J AU Lindl, JD Hammel, BA Logan, BG Meyerhofer, DD Payne, SA Sethian, JD AF Lindl, JD Hammel, BA Logan, BG Meyerhofer, DD Payne, SA Sethian, JD TI The US inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition programme and the inertial fusion energy (IFE) programme SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID TARGET PHYSICS; OMEGA AB There has been rapid progress in inertial fusion in the past few years. This progress spans the construction of ignition facilities, a wide range of target concepts and the pursuit of integrated programmes to develop fusion energy using lasers, ion beams and z-pinches. Two ignition facilities are under construction, the national ignition facility (NIF) in the United States and the laser megajoule (LMJ) in France, and both projects are progressing towards an initial experimental capability. The laser integration line prototype beamline for LMJ and the first four beams of NIF will be available for experiments in 2003. The full 192 beam capability of NIF will be available in 2009 and ignition experiments are expected to begin shortly after that time. There is steady progress in target science and target fabrication in preparation for indirect-drive ignition experiments on NIF. Advanced target designs may lead to 5-10 times more yield than initial target designs. There has also been excellent progress on the science of ion beam and z-pinch-driven indirect-drive targets. Excellent progress on direct-drive targets has been obtained on the Omega laser at the University of Rochester. This includes improved performance of targets with a pulse shape predicted to result in reduced hydrodynamic instability. Rochester has also obtained encouraging results from initial cryogenic implosions. There is widespread interest in the science of fast ignition because of its potential for achieving higher target gain with lower driver energy and relaxed target fabrication requirements. Researchers from Osaka have achieved outstanding implosion and heating results from the Gekko XII Petawatt facility and implosions suitable for fast ignition have been tested on the Omega laser. A broad-based programme to develop lasers and ion beams for inertial fusion energy (IFE) is under way with excellent progress in drivers, chambers, target fabrication and target injection. KrF and diode pumped solid-state lasers are being developed in conjunction with dry-wall chambers and direct-drive targets. Induction accelerators for heavy ions are being developed in conjunction with thick-liquid protected wall chambers and indirect-drive targets. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lindl, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 45 SU 12A BP A217 EP A234 AR PII S0741-3335(03)69174-8 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/12A/015 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 763JD UT WOS:000188080900017 ER PT J AU McKee, R Fonck, RJ Jakubowski, M Burrell, KH Hallatschek, K Moyer, RA Nevins, W Rudakov, DL Xu, X AF McKee, R Fonck, RJ Jakubowski, M Burrell, KH Hallatschek, K Moyer, RA Nevins, W Rudakov, DL Xu, X TI Observation and characterization of radially sheared zonal flows in DIII-D SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID BEAM EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; E X B; POLOIDAL FLOW; D TOKAMAK; FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS; DELAY ESTIMATION; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; PLASMA; CONFINEMENT AB Zonal flows, thought crucial to the saturation and self-regulation of turbulence and turbulent transport in magnetically confined plasmas, have been observed and characterized in the edge region of DIII-D) plasmas. These flows exhibit temperature scaling characteristics and spatial features predicted for geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs), a class of higher-frequency zonal flows seen in nonlinear simulations of plasma turbulence. The zonal flows (GAMs) have been observed in the turbulence flow-field in the radial region 0.85 less than or equal to r/a less than or equal to 1.0 via application of time-delay-estimation techniques to two-dimensional measurements of density fluctuations, obtained with beam emission spectroscopy. Spatial and temporal analysis of the resulting flow-field demonstrates the existence of a coherent oscillation (approximately 15 kHz) in the poloidal flow of density fluctuations that has a long poloidal wavelength, possibly m = 0, narrow radial extent (k(r)rho(i) < 0.2), and a frequency that varies monotonically with the local temperature. The approximate effective shearing rate, dupsilon(theta)/dr, of the flow is of the same order of magnitude as the measured nonlinear decorrelation rate of the turbulence. These characteristics are consistent with predicted features of zonal flows, specifically identified as GAMs, observed in three-dimensional Braginskii simulations of core/edge turbulence. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. Inst Plasma Phys, Garching, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP McKee, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 38 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 45 SU 12A BP A477 EP A485 AR PII S0741-3335(03)70340-6 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/12A/031 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 763JD UT WOS:000188080900033 ER PT J AU Mehlhorn, TA Bailey, JE Bennett, G Chandler, GA Cooper, G Cuneo, ME Golovkin, I Hanson, DL Leeper, RJ MacFarlane, JJ Mancini, RC Matzen, MK Nash, TJ Olson, CL Porter, JL Ruiz, CL Schroen, DG Slutz, SA Varnum, W Vesey, RA AF Mehlhorn, TA Bailey, JE Bennett, G Chandler, GA Cooper, G Cuneo, ME Golovkin, I Hanson, DL Leeper, RJ MacFarlane, JJ Mancini, RC Matzen, MK Nash, TJ Olson, CL Porter, JL Ruiz, CL Schroen, DG Slutz, SA Varnum, W Vesey, RA TI Recent experimental results on ICF target implosions by Z-pinch radiation sources and their relevance to ICF ignition studies SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID FUSION CAPSULE IMPLOSIONS; X-RAY SOURCES; DRIVEN HOHLRAUM; DYNAMIC HOHLRAUMS; INERTIAL FUSION; PHYSICS; TEMPERATURE; DESIGN; PLASMA; ENERGY AB Inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions absorbing up to 35 U of x-rays from a similar to220eV dynamic hohlraum on the Z accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories have produced thermonuclear D-D neutron yields of (2.6 +/- 1.3) x 10(10). Argon spectra confirm a hot fuel with Te similar to 1 keV and n(e) similar to (1-2) x 10(23) cm(-3). Higher performance implosions will require radiation symmetry control improvements. Capsule implosions in a similar to70 eV double-Z-pinch-driven secondary hohlraum have been radiographed by 6.7 keV x-rays produced by the Z-beamlet laser (ZBL), demonstrating a drive symmetry of about 3% and control Of P-2 radiation asymmetries to 2%. Hemispherical capsule implosions have also been radiographed in Z in preparation for future experiments in fast ignition physics. Z-pinch-driven inertial fusion energy concepts are being developed. The refurbished Z machine (ZR) will begin providing scaling information on capsule and Z-pinch in 2006. The addition of a short pulse capability to ZBL will enable research into fast ignition physics in the combination of ZR and ZBL-petawatt. ZR could provide a test bed to study NIF-relevant double-shell ignition concepts using dynamic hohlraums and advanced symmetry control techniques in the double-pinch hohlraum backlit by ZBL. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. K Tech Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA USA. Comforce Tech Serv Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Mehlhorn, TA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 45 SU 12A BP A325 EP A334 AR PII S0741-3335(03)70043-8 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/12A/021 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 763JD UT WOS:000188080900023 ER PT J AU Ono, M Bell, MG Bell, RE Bigelow, T Bitter, M Blanchard, W Boedo, J Bourdelle, C Bush, C Choe, W Chrzanowski, J Darrow, DS Diem, SJ Doerner, R Efthimion, PC Ferron, JR Fonck, RJ Fredrickson, ED Garstka, GD Gates, DA Gray, T Grisham, LR Heidbrink, W Hill, KW Hoffman, D Jarboe, TR Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kessell, C Kim, JH Kissick, MW Kubota, S Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Lee, K Lee, SG Lewicki, BT Luckhardt, S Maingi, R Majeski, R Manickam, J Maqueda, R Mau, TK Mazzucato, E Medley, SS Menard, J Mueller, D Nelson, BA Neumeyer, C Nishino, N Ostrander, CN Pacella, D Paoletti, F Park, HK Park, W Paul, SF Peng, YKM Phillips, CK Pinsker, R Probert, PH Ramakrishnan, S Raman, R Redi, M Roquemore, AL Rosenberg, A Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA Schaffer, M Schooff, RJ Seraydarian, R Skinner, CH Sontag, AC Soukhanovskii, V Spaleta, J Stevenson, T Stutman, D Swain, DW Synakowski, E Takase, Y Tang, X Taylor, G Timberlake, J Tiritz, KL Unterberg, EA Von Halle, A Wilgen, J Williams, M Wilson, JR Xu, X Zweben, SJ Akers, R Barry, R Beiersdorfer, P Bialek, JM Blagojevic, B Bonoli, PT Carter, MD Davis, W Deng, B Dudek, L Egedal, J Ellis, R Finkenthal, M Foley, J Fredd, E Glasser, A Gibney, T Gilmore, M Goldston, RJ Hatcher, RE Hawryluk, RJ Houlberg, W Harvey, R Jardin, SC Hosea, JC Ji, H Kalish, M Lowrance, J Lao, LL Levinton, FM Luhmann, NC Marsala, R Mastravito, D Menon, MM Mitarai, O Nagata, M Oliaro, G Parsells, R Peebles, T Peneflor, B Piglowski, D Porter, GD Ram, AK Rensink, M Rewoldt, G Robinson, J Roney, P Shaing, K Shiraiwa, S Sichta, P Stotler, D Stratton, BC Vero, R Wampler, WR Wurden, GA AF Ono, M Bell, MG Bell, RE Bigelow, T Bitter, M Blanchard, W Boedo, J Bourdelle, C Bush, C Choe, W Chrzanowski, J Darrow, DS Diem, SJ Doerner, R Efthimion, PC Ferron, JR Fonck, RJ Fredrickson, ED Garstka, GD Gates, DA Gray, T Grisham, LR Heidbrink, W Hill, KW Hoffman, D Jarboe, TR Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kessell, C Kim, JH Kissick, MW Kubota, S Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Lee, K Lee, SG Lewicki, BT Luckhardt, S Maingi, R Majeski, R Manickam, J Maqueda, R Mau, TK Mazzucato, E Medley, SS Menard, J Mueller, D Nelson, BA Neumeyer, C Nishino, N Ostrander, CN Pacella, D Paoletti, F Park, HK Park, W Paul, SF Peng, YKM Phillips, CK Pinsker, R Probert, PH Ramakrishnan, S Raman, R Redi, M Roquemore, AL Rosenberg, A Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA Schaffer, M Schooff, RJ Seraydarian, R Skinner, CH Sontag, AC Soukhanovskii, V Spaleta, J Stevenson, T Stutman, D Swain, DW Synakowski, E Takase, Y Tang, X Taylor, G Timberlake, J Tiritz, KL Unterberg, EA Von Halle, A Wilgen, J Williams, M Wilson, JR Xu, X Zweben, SJ Akers, R Barry, R Beiersdorfer, P Bialek, JM Blagojevic, B Bonoli, PT Carter, MD Davis, W Deng, B Dudek, L Egedal, J Ellis, R Finkenthal, M Foley, J Fredd, E Glasser, A Gibney, T Gilmore, M Goldston, RJ Hatcher, RE Hawryluk, RJ Houlberg, W Harvey, R Jardin, SC Hosea, JC Ji, H Kalish, M Lowrance, J Lao, LL Levinton, FM Luhmann, NC Marsala, R Mastravito, D Menon, MM Mitarai, O Nagata, M Oliaro, G Parsells, R Peebles, T Peneflor, B Piglowski, D Porter, GD Ram, AK Rensink, M Rewoldt, G Robinson, J Roney, P Shaing, K Shiraiwa, S Sichta, P Stotler, D Stratton, BC Vero, R Wampler, WR Wurden, GA TI Progress towards high-performance, steady-state spherical torus SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID PLASMAS; WAVES AB Research on the spherical torus (or spherical tokamak) (ST) is being pursued to explore the scientific benefits of modifying the field line structure from that in more moderate aspect ratio devices, such as the conventional tokamak. The ST experiments are being conducted in various US research facilities including the MA-class National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) at Princeton, and three medium sized ST research facilities: PEGASUS at University of Wisconsin, HIT-II at University of Washington, and CDX-U at Princeton. In the context of the fusion energy development path being formulated in the US, an ST-based Component Test Facility (CTF) and, ultimately a Demo device, are being discussed. For these, it is essential to develop high performance, steady-state operational scenarios. The relevant scientific issues are energy confinement, MHD stability at high beta (), non-inductive sustainment, Ohmic-solenoid-free start-up, and power and particle handling. In the confinement area, the NSTX experiments have shown that the confinement can be up to 50% better than the ITER-98-pby2 H-mode scaling, consistent with the requirements for an ST-based CTF and Demo. In NSTX, CTF-relevant average toroidal beta values beta(T) of up to 35% with a near unity central beta(T) have been obtained. NSTX will be exploring advanced regimes where beta(T) up to 40% can be sustained through active stabilization of resistive wall modes. To date, the most successful technique for non-inductive sustainment in NSTX is the high beta poloidal regime, where discharges with a high non-inductive fraction (similar to60% bootstrap current+NBI current drive) were sustained over the resistive skin time. Research on radio-frequency (RF) based heating and current drive utilizing high harmonic fast wave and electron Bernstein wave is also pursued on NSTX, PEGASUS, and CDX-U. For non-inductive start-up, the coaxial helicity injection, developed in HIT/HIT-II, has been adopted on NSTX to test the method up to I-p similar to 500 kA. In parallel, start-up using a RF current drive and only external poloidal field coils are being developed on NSTX. The area of power and particle handling is expected to be challenging because of the higher power density expected in the ST relative to that in conventional aspect-ratio tokamaks. Due to its promise for power and particle handling, liquid lithium is being studied in CDX-U as a potential plasma-facing surface for a fusion reactor. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. CEA Cadarache, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Korea Basic Sci Inst, Taejon, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. ENEA, Frascati, Italy. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Compx, Del Mar, CA USA. Princeton Sci Instruments, Princeton, NJ USA. Nova Photon, Princeton, NJ USA. Kyushu Tokai Univ, Kumamoto, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Okayama, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ono, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Nishino, Nobuhiro/D-6390-2011; Choe, Wonho/C-1556-2011; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 45 SU 12A BP A335 EP A350 AR PII S0741-3335(03)69370-X DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/12A/022 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 763JD UT WOS:000188080900024 ER PT J AU Sudo, S Nagayama, Y Peterson, BJ Kawahata, K Akiyama, T Ashikawa, N Emoto, M Goto, M Hamada, Y Ida, K Ido, T Iguchi, H Inagaki, S Isobe, M Kobuchi, T Komori, A Liang, Y Masuzaki, S Minami, T Morisaki, T Morita, S Muto, S Nakamura, Y Nakanishi, H Narushima, M Narihara, K Nishiura, M Nishizawa, A Ohdachi, S Osakabe, M Ozaki, T Pavlichenko, RO Sakakibara, S Sato, K Shoji, M Tamura, N Tanaka, K Toi, K Tokuzawa, T Watanabe, KY Watanabe, T Yamada, H Yamada, I Yoshinuma, M Goncharov, P Kalinina, D Kanaba, T Sugimoto, T Ejiri, A Ono, Y Hojo, H Ishii, K Iwama, N Kogi, Y Mase, A Sakamoto, M Kondo, K Nagasaki, H Yamamoto, S Nishino, N Okajima, S Saida, T Sasao, M Takeda, T Tsuji-Iio, S Darrow, DS Takahashi, H Liu, Y Lyon, JF Kostrioukov, AY Kuteev, VB Sergeev, V Viniar, I Krasilnikov, AV Sanin, A Vyacheslavov, LN Stutman, D Finkenthal, M Motojima, O AF Sudo, S Nagayama, Y Peterson, BJ Kawahata, K Akiyama, T Ashikawa, N Emoto, M Goto, M Hamada, Y Ida, K Ido, T Iguchi, H Inagaki, S Isobe, M Kobuchi, T Komori, A Liang, Y Masuzaki, S Minami, T Morisaki, T Morita, S Muto, S Nakamura, Y Nakanishi, H Narushima, M Narihara, K Nishiura, M Nishizawa, A Ohdachi, S Osakabe, M Ozaki, T Pavlichenko, RO Sakakibara, S Sato, K Shoji, M Tamura, N Tanaka, K Toi, K Tokuzawa, T Watanabe, KY Watanabe, T Yamada, H Yamada, I Yoshinuma, M Goncharov, P Kalinina, D Kanaba, T Sugimoto, T Ejiri, A Ono, Y Hojo, H Ishii, K Iwama, N Kogi, Y Mase, A Sakamoto, M Kondo, K Nagasaki, H Yamamoto, S Nishino, N Okajima, S Saida, T Sasao, M Takeda, T Tsuji-Iio, S Darrow, DS Takahashi, H Liu, Y Lyon, JF Kostrioukov, AY Kuteev, VB Sergeev, V Viniar, I Krasilnikov, AV Sanin, A Vyacheslavov, LN Stutman, D Finkenthal, M Motojima, O CA LHD Grp TI Recent diagnostic developments on LHD SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID LARGE-HELICAL-DEVICE; CO2-LASER IMAGING INTERFEROMETER; DENSITY PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; NATURAL DIAMOND DETECTORS; X-RAY CAMERA; ELECTRON-DENSITY; THOMSON SCATTERING; ION TEMPERATURE; CCD DETECTOR; SYSTEM AB Standard diagnostics for fundamental plasma parameters and for plasma physics are routinely utilized for daily operation and physics studies in the large helical device (LHD) with high reliability. Diagnostics for steady-state plasma are under intensive development, especially for T-e, n(e) (yttrium-aluminium garnet (YAG) laser Thomson, CO2 laser polarimeter), data acquisition in steady-state and heat-resistant probes. To clarify the plasma properties of the helical structure, two- or three-dimensional diagnostics are being aggressively developed: tangential cameras (fast SX TV, photon counting CCD, H-alpha TV); tomography (tangential SX CCD, bolometer); imaging (bolometer, ECE, reflectometer). Divertor and edge physics are important key issues for steady-state operation. Diagnostics for neutral flux (H-alpha array, Zeeman spectroscopy) and n(e) (fast scanning probe, Li beam probe, pulsed radar reflectometer) are also in advanced stages of development. In addition to these, advanced diagnostics are being intensively developed in LHD through domestic and international collaborations. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama 2400193, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Daido Inst Technol, Nagoya, Aichi 4578530, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Uji 6110011, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima 7398511, Japan. Chubu Univ, Kasuga, Fukuoka 4878501, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Univ Electrocommun, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. SW Inst Phys, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. St Petersburg Tech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, Troitsk 142092, Russia. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Sudo, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, 322-6 Oroshi, Toki 5095292, Japan. EM sudo@nifs.ac.jp RI Nishino, Nobuhiro/D-6390-2011; Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ida, Katsumi/E-4731-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 OI Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531; Ida, Katsumi/0000-0002-0585-4561; NR 76 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 45 SU 12A BP A425 EP A443 AR PII S0741-3335(03)69523-0 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/12A/027 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 763JD UT WOS:000188080900029 ER PT J AU Weller, A Geiger, J Werner, A Zarnstorff, MC Nuhrenberg, C Sallander, E Baldzuhn, J Brakel, R Burhenn, R Dinklage, A Fredrickson, E Gadelmeier, F Giannone, L Grigull, P Hartmann, D Jaenicke, R Klose, S Knauer, JP Konies, A Kolesnichenko, YI Laqua, HP Lutsenko, VV McCormick, K Monticello, D Osakabe, M Pasch, E Reiman, A Rust, N Spong, DA Wagner, F Yakovenko, YV AF Weller, A Geiger, J Werner, A Zarnstorff, MC Nuhrenberg, C Sallander, E Baldzuhn, J Brakel, R Burhenn, R Dinklage, A Fredrickson, E Gadelmeier, F Giannone, L Grigull, P Hartmann, D Jaenicke, R Klose, S Knauer, JP Konies, A Kolesnichenko, YI Laqua, HP Lutsenko, VV McCormick, K Monticello, D Osakabe, M Pasch, E Reiman, A Rust, N Spong, DA Wagner, F Yakovenko, YV CA W7-AS Team NBI Grp TI Experiments close to the beta-limit in W7-AS SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA ID OPTIMIZED STELLARATORS; ALFVEN EIGENMODES; WENDELSTEIN 7-AS; SHAFRANOV SHIFT; PHYSICS ISSUES; PLASMA SHIFT; EQUILIBRIA; DIVERTOR; DESIGN; STABILITY AB A major objective of the experimental program in the last phase of the W7-AS stellarator was to explore and demonstrate the high-P performance of advanced stellarators. MHD-quiescent discharges at low impurity radiation levels with volume averaged beta-values of up to = 3.4% have been achieved. A very important prerequisite was the attainment of the high density H-Mode (HDH) regime. This was made possible by the installation of extensive graphite plasma facing components designed for island divertor operation. The co-directed neutral beam injection provided increased absorbed heating power of up to 3.2 MW in high-beta plasmas with B less than or equal to 1.25T. The anticipated improved features concerning equilibrium and stability at high plasma could be verified experimentally by the comparison of x-ray data with free boundary equilibrium calculations. The maximum found in configurations with a rotational transform around t = 0.5 is determined by the available heating power. No evidence of a stability limit has been found in the accessible configuration space, and the discharges are remarkably quiescent at maximum beta, most likely due the increase of the magnetic well depth. An increase in low m/n MHD activity is typically observed during the transition towards high. The beneficial stability properties of net-current-free configurations could be demonstrated by comparison with configurations where a significant inductive current drive was involved. Current driven instabilities such as tearing modes and soft disruptions can prevent access to beta-values as high as in the currentless case. The experimental results indicate that optimized stellarators such as W7-X can be considered as a viable option for an attractive stellarator fusion reactor. C1 IPP Euratom Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. IPP Euratom Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. IPP Euratom Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Weller, A (reprint author), IPP Euratom Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2003 VL 45 SU 12A BP A285 EP A308 AR PII S0741-3335(03)67725-0 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/12A/019 PG 24 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 763JD UT WOS:000188080900021 ER PT J AU Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Simunovic, S Fellers, JF AF Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Simunovic, S Fellers, JF TI New test method for determining energy absorption mechanisms in polymer composite plates SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID CRUSHING CHARACTERISTICS; TUBES; FIBER; CAPABILITY; BEHAVIOR; EPOXY; SECTIONS; STRAIN; SPEED AB in passenger vehicles the ability to absorb energy due to impact and be survivable to the occupant is called the "crashworthiness" of the structure. To identify and quantify the energy absorbing mechanisms in candidate automotive composite materials, test methodologies were developed for conducting progressive crush tests on composite plate specimens. The test method development and experimental setup focused on isolating the damage modes associated with frond formation that occurs in dynamic testing of composite tubes. A new test fixture was designed to progressively crush composite plate specimens under quasi-static test conditions. Features incorporated into the design include an observable crush zone, long crush length, interchangeable contact profile, frictionless roller for contact constraint, and out of plane roller supports to prevent buckling. Preliminary results are presented under a sufficient set of test conditions to validate the operations of the test fixture. The activation of different damage mechanisms was demonstrated by the validation tests on the representative composite material systems. The experimental data, in conjunction with test observations will be used in future work to identify the characteristic damage and failure modes, and determine the energy absorption capability of candidate automotive composite material systems. C1 Univ Tennessee, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Polymer Matrix Compos Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Comp Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jacob, GC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, 434 Dougherty Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Starbuck, James/E-1442-2017 OI Starbuck, James/0000-0002-3814-9156 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 6 BP 706 EP 715 DI 10.1002/pc.10064 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 759MN UT WOS:000187741600005 ER PT J AU Patel, M Murphy, JJ Skinner, AR Powell, SJ Smith, PF AF Patel, M Murphy, JJ Skinner, AR Powell, SJ Smith, PF TI Volatile evolution from room temperature cured polysiloxane rubber induced by irradiation with He2+ ions SO POLYMER TESTING LA English DT Article DE polysiloxane rubber; He2+ ions; volatile evolution; silicone cyclics AB A room temperature cured polysiloxane rubber (Rhodorsil RTV5370) has been irradiated using an accelerated beam of He2+ ions. Such an irradiation simulates the effects of large alpha radiation doses. A mass spectrometer linked directly to the sample chamber allowed the analysis of volatile species evolved as a result of exposure. The polydimethylsiloxane rubber showed high resistance to radiation damage when exposed to He2+ ions at doses up to 3.5 MGy. At higher doses, the cyclic hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane was evolved and is indicative of damage to the main chain. The cyclic octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane was only observed at very high doses (10 MGy and above) and is indicative of significant head-to-tail unzipping reactions. Methane, benzene and carbon dioxide were the three main gases evolved. The ratio of phenyl (2%) to methyl groups (93%) within RTV5370 rubber is very small but the amount of benzene evolved was found to be significant. The results suggest that the aromatic groups within the rubber appear to have a much greater susceptibility to radiation induced volatile evolution than other groups making up the polymer structure. In addition, the depletion of phenyl groups (from the reduction in evolution of benzene) from the irradiated zone corresponds to an increase in damage of the siloxane linkages (from the increased evolution of octamethylcyclotetrasitoxane) suggesting the aromatic groups offer a protective action from the incident radiation. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Patel, M (reprint author), Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9418 J9 POLYM TEST JI Polym. Test PD DEC PY 2003 VL 22 IS 8 BP 923 EP 928 DI 10.1016/S0142-9418(03)00041-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 738QY UT WOS:000186300400011 ER PT J AU Ritherdon, J Jones, AR Wright, IG AF Ritherdon, J Jones, AR Wright, IG TI Oxidation of mechanically alloyed powders during processing: origins and control SO POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article AB Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and subsequent consolidation are usually subjected to a series of heat treatments during production, typically comprising a degassing process at approximate to 600degreesC and a preconsolidation high temperature 'soak' at approximate to 1000degreesC, both under vacuum. In the current work, the oxidation behaviour of a prototype ODS Fe3Al alloy and a commercial FeCrAl alloy has been studied during simulation of these temperature and pressure regimes. After the high temperature 'soak' simulation, oxidation had taken place on both alloys with a significantly thicker scale forming on the ODS Fe3Al. This scale is believed to be the source of much of the high alumina content found in fully consolidated ODS Fe3Al. Variation in the amount of particulate alumina found in different batches of commercially consolidated powder is discussed. Novel processes involving hydrogen purging and powder precompaction have been employed to decrease oxidation and thereby increase sintering efficiency. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ritherdon, J (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. EM jrith@liv.ac.uk NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0032-5899 J9 POWDER METALL JI Powder Metall. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 46 IS 4 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1179/003258903225008562 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 769YD UT WOS:000188694300027 ER PT J AU Young, DL Keane, J Duda, A AbuShama, JAM Perkins, CL Romero, M Noufi, R AF Young, DL Keane, J Duda, A AbuShama, JAM Perkins, CL Romero, M Noufi, R TI Improved performance in ZnO/CdS/CuGaSe2 thin-film solar cells SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE copper gallium diselenide; CuGaSe2; thin-film solar cell; solar conversion efficiency; photovoltaics ID EFFICIENCY AB We report the growth and characterization of improved efficiency wide-bandgap ZnO/CdS/CuGaSe2 thin-film solar cells. The CuGaSe2 absorber thickness was intentionally decreased to better match depletion widths indicated by drive-level capacitance profiling data. A total-area efficiency of 9.5% was achieved with a fill factor of 70.8% and a V-oc of 910 mV. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Young, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD DEC PY 2003 VL 11 IS 8 BP 535 EP 541 DI 10.1002/pip.516 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 755FK UT WOS:000187392700004 ER PT J AU Plummer, EW Shi, JR Tang, SJ Rotenberg, E Kevan, SD AF Plummer, EW Shi, JR Tang, SJ Rotenberg, E Kevan, SD TI Enhanced electron-phonon coupling at metal surfaces SO PROGRESS IN SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Memorial Symposium Honoring Professor Maria Steslicka CY APR, 2003 CL UNIV WROCLAW, WROCLAW, POLAND HO UNIV WROCLAW DE electron-phonon coupling; Eliashberg function; surface states; angle-resolved photoemission; self-energy; Kohn anomaly; Fermi contours; Helium atom scattering; inelastic electron scattering ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; BE(0001) SURFACE; W(110) SURFACE; HYDROGEN; STATE; ENERGY; DISPERSION; VIBRATIONS; MO(110) AB Recent advances in experimental techniques and theoretical capabilities associated with the study of surfaces show promise for producing in unprecedented detail a picture of electron-phonon coupling. These investigations on surfaces of relatively simple metals can be the platform for understanding functionality in complex materials associated with the coupling between charge and the lattice. In this article, we present an introduction to electron-phonon coupling, especially in systems with reduced dimensionality, and the recent experimental and theoretical achievements. Then, we try to anticipate the exciting future created by advances in surface physics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94772 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Plummer, EW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Shi, Junren/D-5156-2009; Kevan, Stephen/F-6415-2010 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Kevan, Stephen/0000-0002-4621-9142 NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6816 J9 PROG SURF SCI JI Prog. Surf. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 1-8 BP 251 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.progsurf.2003.08.033 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 756AC UT WOS:000187442800019 ER PT J AU Skopec, CE Himmel, ME Matthews, JF Brady, JW AF Skopec, CE Himmel, ME Matthews, JF Brady, JW TI Energetics for displacing a single chain from the surface of microcrystalline cellulose into the active site of Acidothermus cellulolyticus Cel5A SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cellulase interactions; cellulase mechanisms; cellulose; conformational energy calculations ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-II; BINDING DOMAIN; ENDOGLUCANASE; CELLULASES; MECHANISM; ENDOCELLULASE AB A series of molecular mechanics calculations were used to analyze the energetics for moving a single polysaccharide chain from the surface of microcrystalline cellulose into the binding cleft of the Cel5A cellulase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus. A build-up procedure was used to model the placement of a 12-residue oligosaccharide chain along the surface of the enzyme, using as a guide the four residues of the tetrasaccharide substrate co-crystallized with the protein in the crystallographic structure determination. The position of this 12-residue oligosaccharide was used to orient the enzyme properly above two different surfaces of cellulose 1beta, the (1,0,0) and the (1,1,0) faces of the crystal. Constrained molecular dynamics simulations were then used to pull a target chain directly below the enzyme up out of the crystal surface and into the binding groove. The energetics for this process were favorable for both faces, with the step face being more favorable than the planar face, implying that this surface could be hydrolyzed more readily. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Brady, JW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jwb7@cornell.edu NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0269-2139 J9 PROTEIN ENG JI Protein Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1005 EP 1015 DI 10.1093/protein/gzg115 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 807SE UT WOS:000220520400019 PM 14983081 ER PT J AU Aramini, JM Huang, YPJ Cort, JR Goldsmith-Fischman, S Xiao, R Shih, LY HO, CK Liu, JF Rost, B Honig, B Kennedy, MA Acton, TB Montelione, GT AF Aramini, JM Huang, YPJ Cort, JR Goldsmith-Fischman, S Xiao, R Shih, LY HO, CK Liu, JF Rost, B Honig, B Kennedy, MA Acton, TB Montelione, GT TI Solution NMR structure of the 30S ribosomal protein S28E from Pyrococcus horikoshii SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ribosomal protein; greek-key motif; NMR structure; northeast structural genomics consortium ID COLD-SHOCK PROTEIN; BACKBONE RESONANCE ASSIGNMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AUTOMATIC-DETERMINATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; BINDING DOMAIN; SUBUNIT; SEQUENCE AB We report NMR assignments and solution structure of the 71-residue 30S ribosomal protein S28E from the archaean Pyrococcus horikoshii, target JR19 of the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium. The structure, determined rapidly with the aid of automated backbone resonance assignment (AutoAssign) and automated structure determination (AutoStructure) software, is characterized by a four-stranded beta-sheet with a classic Greek-key topology and an oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide beta-barrel (OB) fold. The electrostatic surface of S28E exhibits positive and negative patches on opposite sides, the former constituting a putative binding site for RNA. The 13 C-terminal residues of the protein contain a consensus sequence motif constituting the signature of the S28E protein family. Surprisingly, this C-terminal segment is unstructured in solution. C1 Rutgers State Univ, CABM, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Montelione, GT (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, CABM, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. OI Liu, Jinfeng/0000-0002-0343-8222 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062413, P50 GM62413] NR 46 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2823 EP 2830 DI 10.1110/ps.03359003 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 746TW UT WOS:000186764600016 PM 14627742 ER PT J AU Wu, B Yee, A Pineda-Lucena, A Semesi, A Ramelot, TA Cort, JR Jung, JW Edwards, A Lee, W Kennedy, M Arrowsmith, CH AF Wu, B Yee, A Pineda-Lucena, A Semesi, A Ramelot, TA Cort, JR Jung, JW Edwards, A Lee, W Kennedy, M Arrowsmith, CH TI Solution structure of ribosomal protein S28E from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heteronuclear NMR; Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum; ribosomal protein S28E; Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NMR; RESOLUTION; SUBUNIT; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; DATABASE; QUALITY; PROGRAM; SYSTEM AB The ribosomal protein S28E from the archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum is a component of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Sequence homologs of S28E are found only in archaea and eukaryotes. Here we report the three-dimensional solution structure of S28E by NMR spectroscopy. S28E contains a globular region and a long C-terminal tail protruding from the core. The globular region consists of four antiparallel beta-strands that are arranged in a Greek-key topology. Unique features of S28E include an extended loop L2-3 that folds back onto the protein and a 12-residue charged C-terminal tail with no regular secondary structure and greater flexibility relative to the rest of the protein. The structural and surface resemblance to OB-fold family of proteins and the presence of highly conserved basic residues suggest that S28E may bind to RNA. A broad positively charged surface extending over one side of the beta-barrel and into the flexible C terminus may present a putative binding site for RNA. C1 Univ Toronto, Ontario Canc Inst, Div Mol & Struct Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Biochem, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Arrowsmith, CH (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Ontario Canc Inst, Div Mol & Struct Biol, 610 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. RI Pineda-Lucena, Antonio/B-1320-2014; OI Pineda-Lucena, Antonio/0000-0002-6115-0868; Jung, Jinwon/0000-0002-7981-3316 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062413, P50-GM62413-02] NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2831 EP 2837 DI 10.1110/ps.03358203 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 746TW UT WOS:000186764600017 PM 14627743 ER PT J AU Taneja, B Maar, S Shuvalova, L Collart, F Anderson, W Mondragon, A AF Taneja, B Maar, S Shuvalova, L Collart, F Anderson, W Mondragon, A TI Structure of the Bacillus subtilis YYCN protein: A putative N-acetyltransferase SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; SUPERFAMILY; REFINEMENT; MECHANISM; PROGRAM; CLONING C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Med Sch, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mondragon, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414] NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 BP 950 EP 952 DI 10.1002/prot.10561 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 750DU UT WOS:000186976700018 PM 14635137 ER PT J AU Murphy, MK Kovacs, A Miller, SD McLaughlin, WL AF Murphy, MK Kovacs, A Miller, SD McLaughlin, WL TI Dose response and post-irradiation characteristics of the Sunna 535-nm photo-fluorescent film dosimeter SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dosimetry; film dosimeters; food irradiation; radiation processing; sterilization ID OPTICALLY-STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; COLOR-CENTERS; ELECTRON; GAMMA; LIF AB Results of characterization studies on one of the first versions of the Surma photo-fluorescent dosimeter(TM) have previously been reported, and the performance of the red fluorescence component described. This present paper describes dose response and post-irradiation characteristics of the green fluorescence component from the same dosimeter film (Sunna Model gamma), which is manufactured using the injection molding technique. This production method may supply batch sizes on the order of 1 million dosimeter film elements while maintaining a signal precision (1sigma) on the order of +/-1% without the need to correct for variability of film thickness. The dosimeter is a 1 cm x 3 cm polymeric film of 0.5-mm thickness that emits green fluorescence at intensities increasing almost linearly with dose. The data presented include dose response, post-irradiation growth, heat treatment, dosimeter aging, dose rate dependence, energy dependence, dose fractionation, variation of response within a batch, and the stability of the fluorimeter response. The results indicate that, as a routine dosimeter, the green signal provides a broad range of response at food irradiation (0.3-5 kGy), medical sterilization (5-40 kGy), and polymer cross-linking (40-250 kGy) dose levels. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Isotopes & Surface Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Sunna Syst Corp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Murphy, MK (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 981 EP 994 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(03)00441-9 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 752MJ UT WOS:000187164400006 ER PT J AU Murphy, MK Kovacs, A McLaughlin, WL Miller, SD Puhl, JM AF Murphy, MK Kovacs, A McLaughlin, WL Miller, SD Puhl, JM TI Sunna 535-nm photo-fluorescent film dosimeter response to different environmental conditions SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dosimetry; film dosimeters; food irradiation; radiation processing; sterilization ID COLOR-CENTERS; ELECTRON; GAMMA AB Evaluations on the influence of environmental variabilities on the red fluorescence component of the Sunna Model gamma photo-fluorescent dosimeter(TM) have previously been reported. This present paper describes the environmental effects on the response of the green fluorescence component of the same dosimeter, which is manufactured using the injection molding technique. The results presented include temperature, relative humidity, and light influences both during and after irradiation. The green fluorescence signal shows a significant dependence on irradiation temperature below room temperature at 1%/degreesC. Above room temperature (approximately 24-60degreesC), the irradiation temperature effect varies from -0.1%/degreesC to 1.0%/degreesC, depending on the absorbed dose level. For facilities with irradiation temperatures between 30degreesC and 60degreesC and absorbed dose levels above 10 kGy, irradiation temperature effects are minimal. Light-effects results indicate that the dosimeter is influenced by ultraviolet and blue wavelengths during irradiation as well as during the post-irradiation stabilization period (approximately 22 h), requiring the use of light-tight packaging. Results also show that the dosimeter exhibits negligible effects from ambient moisture during and after irradiation when in the range of 33-95% relative humidity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Isotopes & Surface Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sunna Syst Corp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Murphy, MK (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1003 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(03)00443-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 752MJ UT WOS:000187164400007 ER PT J AU Bench, G Grant, PG Ueda, DL Autry-Conwell, SA Hou, YJ Boggan, JE AF Bench, G Grant, PG Ueda, DL Autry-Conwell, SA Hou, YJ Boggan, JE TI Assessment of proton microbeam analysis of B-11 for quantitative microdistribution analysis of boronated neutron capture agents in biological tissues SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-TUMORS; ION MICROSCOPY; THERAPY BNCT; P-BORONOPHENYLALANINE; MALIGNANT GLIOMA; MICROANALYSIS; GLIOBLASTOMA; NA2B12H11SH; MICROPROBE; MODALITY AB The B-11(p,alpha)Be-8* nuclear reaction was assessed for its ability to quantitatively map the in vivo subcellular distribution of boron within gliosarcomas treated with a boronated neutron capture therapy agent. Intracranial 9L gliosarcomas were produced in Fischer 344 rats. Fourteen days later, the majority of the rats were treated with f-boronophenylalanine and killed humanely 30 or 180 min after intravenous injection. Freeze-dried tumor cryosections were imaged using the B-11(p,alpha)Be-8* nuclear reaction and proton microbeams obtained from the nuclear microprobe at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The B-11 distributions within cells could be imaged quantitatively with spatial resolutions down to 1.5 mum, minimum detection limits of 0.8 mg/kg, and acquisition times of several hours. These capabilities offer advantages over alpha-particle track autoradiography, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for, quantification of B-11 in tissues. However, the spatial resolution, multi-isotope capability, and analysis times achieved with SIMS are superior to those achieved with B-11(p,alpha)Be-8* analysis. When accuracy in quantification is crucial, the B-11(p,alpha)Be-8* reaction is well suited for assessing the microdistribution of B-11. Otherwise, SIMS may well be better suited to image the microdistribution of boron associated with neutron capture therapy agents in biological tissues. (C) 2003 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Neurol Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Bench, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, L-397, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 160 IS 6 BP 667 EP 676 DI 10.1667/RR3085 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 751QV UT WOS:000187079200008 PM 14640780 ER PT J AU Phillips, JC Saxena, A Bishop, AR AF Phillips, JC Saxena, A Bishop, AR TI Pseudogaps, dopants, and strong disorder in cuprate high-temperature superconductors SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; DENSITY-OF-STATES; STRETCHED EXPONENTIAL RELAXATION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTIONS; ZIGZAG FILAMENTARY THEORY; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES AB Strong electronic nanoscale disorder is present in all cuprate high-temperature superconductors, interwoven with the microscopic mechanisms responsible for both the high superconductive transition temperatures and many normal state transport anomalies. Disorder is revealed most dramatically in high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy experiments, while its origins at the atomic level have been studied by several other techniques. The review reassesses the significance of many other 'mean field' experiments in the context of strong disorder, with emphasis on the effects of high-mobility dopants and long-range strain fields. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 185 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2111 EP 2182 AR PII S0034-4885(03)56188-7 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/66/12/R02 PG 72 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 765XY UT WOS:000188317400002 ER PT J AU Lee, R Jordan, G Leiby, PN Owens, B Wolf, JL AF Lee, R Jordan, G Leiby, PN Owens, B Wolf, JL TI Estimating the benefits of government-sponsored energy R & D SO RESEARCH EVALUATION LA English DT Article AB A National Research Council (NRC) committee recently conducted a retrospective study of the benefits of some of the energy efficiency and fossil energy programs in the US Department of Energy (US DOE). A subsequent conference discussed ways of adapting and refining the NRC framework for possible use by US DOE offices to help plan and manage their R&D. A framework that emerged from the conference is depicted by a matrix that categorizes different types of benefits. The rows of the matrix reflect the goals of the department, and the columns reflect the time-frame and level of certainty. The conference suggested many approaches for estimating the benefits within each category and also noted many challenges in making these estimates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 01010, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Platts Res & Consulting, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Lee, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM LeeRM@ornl.gov; gbjorda@sandia.gov; LeibyPN@ornl.gov; JamesLWolf@Comcast.net NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEECH TREE PUBLISHING PI GUILDFORD PA 10 WATFORD CLOSE,, GUILDFORD GU1 2EP, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0958-2029 J9 RES EVALUAT JI Res. Evaluat. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.3152/147154403781776627 PG 13 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 779LY UT WOS:000189300600003 ER PT J AU Lee, SG Bak, JG Jung, YS Bitter, M Hill, KW Holzer, G Wehrhan, O Forster, E AF Lee, SG Bak, JG Jung, YS Bitter, M Hill, KW Holzer, G Wehrhan, O Forster, E TI An efficient method for simultaneous measurement of the integrated reflectivity of crystals in multiple orders of reflection using the bremsstrahlung continuum from an x-ray tube and comparison of experimental results for mica with theoretical calculations SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; FLAT AB This article describes an efficient method for the simultaneous measurement of the integrated reflectivity of a crystal in multiple orders of reflection at a predefined Bragg angle by using the bremsstrahlung continuum from an x-ray tube in combination with an energy-sensitive detector. The technique is demonstrated with a mica crystal for Bragg angles of 43degrees, 47degrees, and 50degrees. The measured integrated reflectivity for Bragg reflections up to the 24th order is compared with theoretical predictions, which are also presented in this article. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Korea Basic Sci Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. X Fab Semicond Foundries AG, D-99097 Erfurt, Germany. Univ Jena, D-6900 Jena, Germany. RP Lee, SG (reprint author), Korea Basic Sci Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 5046 EP 5052 DI 10.1063/1.1619546 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 746PU UT WOS:000186755400006 ER PT J AU Baker, KL AF Baker, KL TI Curvature wave-front sensors for electron density characterization in plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LASER AB In this article we examine the use of a curvature wave-front sensor to accurately measure the Laplacian of the line-integrated electron density formed in laser-produced and Z-pinch plasma experiments. Specifically, we propose designs for single shot curvature wave-front sensors capable of quantitatively determining the electron density present in a high density plasma. Wave optics simulations of the proposed designs are presented and are shown to quantitatively reconstruct the phase of a light beam passing through the simulated plasma. A laboratory demonstration of the single shot curvature wave-front sensor is also presented. For this demonstration, a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator is used to introduce a spatially varying phase, thus simulating a phase profile that could occur when a probe passes through a plasma. The phase change measured by the curvature sensor is then computed and shown to accurately reproduce the phase written to the spatial light modulator. Merits associated with the use of a curvature sensor are also discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baker, KL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 5070 EP 5075 DI 10.1063/1.1628822 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 746PU UT WOS:000186755400011 ER PT J AU Solomon, WM Burrell, KH Gohil, P Groebner, R Kaplan, D AF Solomon, WM Burrell, KH Gohil, P Groebner, R Kaplan, D TI Cross-calibrating spatial positions of light-viewing diagnostics using plasma edge sweeps in DIII-D SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID D TOKAMAK; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS AB An experimental technique is presented that permits diagnostics viewing light from the plasma edge to be spatially calibrated relative to one another. By sweeping the plasma edge, each chord of each diagnostic sweeps out a portion of the light emission profile. A nonlinear least-squares fit to such data provides superior cross-calibration of diagnostics located at different toroidal locations compared with simple surveying. Another advantage of the technique is that it can be used to monitor the position of viewing chords during an experimental campaign to ensure that alignment does not change over time. Moverover, should such a change occur, the data can still be cross-calibrated and its usefulness retained. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Solomon, WM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 5084 EP 5089 DI 10.1063/1.1623622 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 746PU UT WOS:000186755400013 ER PT J AU Mastrovito, D Maingi, R Kugel, HW Roquemore, AL AF Mastrovito, D Maingi, R Kugel, HW Roquemore, AL TI Infrared camera diagnostic for heat flux measurements on the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB An infrared imaging system has been installed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory to measure the surface temperatures on the lower divertor and center stack. The imaging system is based on an Indigo Alpha 160x128 microbolometer camera with 12 bits/pixel operating in the 7-13 mum range with a 30 Hz frame rate and a dynamic temperature range of 0-700 degreesC. From these data and knowledge of graphite thermal properties, the heat flux is derived with a classic one-dimensional conduction model. Preliminary results of heat flux scaling are reported. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mastrovito, D (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 5090 EP 5092 DI 10.1063/1.1623625 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 746PU UT WOS:000186755400014 ER PT J AU Torbert, E Furno, I Intrator, T Hemsing, E AF Torbert, E Furno, I Intrator, T Hemsing, E TI A plasma-shielded, miniature Rogowski probe SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The design and first results from an electrically isolated and plasma-shielded Rogowski probe, used in the reconnection scaling experiment (RSX), are presented. The probe is designed to withstand extreme thermal shock, plasma corrosion, and be vacuum sanitary, which is accomplished with a machinable boron nitride shell. The novel miniature design, with an inner detecting area of 0.79 cm(2), allows accurate position detection of plasma current channels with approximate to2 cm radius and to measure local current density profiles. The temporal resolution (<1 mus) is sufficiently high to resolve the dynamic evolution of RSX plasma current channels. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Torbert, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop E526,P-24 Plasma Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 5097 EP 5100 DI 10.1063/1.1626010 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 746PU UT WOS:000186755400016 ER PT J AU Tian, XB Fu, RKY Chu, PK Anders, A Gong, CZ Yang, SQ AF Tian, XB Fu, RKY Chu, PK Anders, A Gong, CZ Yang, SQ TI Flexible system for multiple plasma immersion ion implantation-deposition processes SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; SURFACE MODIFICATION; ARC DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; VACUUM; TEMPERATURE; VOLTAGE; ENERGY; CARBON AB Multiple plasma immersion ion implantation-deposition offers better flexibility compared to other thin film deposition techniques with regard to process optimization. The plasmas may be based on either cathodic arc plasmas (metal ions) or gas plasmas (gas ions) or both of them. Processing parameters such as pulsing frequency, pulse duration, bias voltage amplitude, and so on, that critically affect the film structure, internal stress, surface morphology, and other surface properties can be adjusted relatively easily to optimize the process. The plasma density can be readily controlled via the input power to obtain the desirable gas-to-metal ion ratios in the films. The high-voltage pulses can be applied to the samples within (in-duration mode), before (before-duration mode), or after (after-duration mode) the firing of the cathodic arcs. Consequently, dynamic ion beam assisted deposition processes incorporating various mixes of gas and metal ions can be achieved to yield thin films with the desirable properties. The immersion configuration provides to a certain degree the ability to treat components that are large and possess irregular geometries without resorting to complex sample manipulation or beam scanning. In this article we describe the hardware functions of such a system, voltage-current behavior to satisfy the needs of different processes, as well as typical experimental results. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Welding Prod Technol, Harbin 150006, Peoples R China. RP Chu, PK (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RI Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 5137 EP 5140 DI 10.1063/1.1626012 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 746PU UT WOS:000186755400023 ER PT J AU Jin, Z Duan, YX AF Jin, Z Duan, YX TI Simple, sensitive nitrogen analyzer based on pulsed miniplasma source emission spectrometry SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ARGON; DETECTOR; CONTAMINANTS; LEVEL AB The development of pulsed miniplasma source emission spectrometry for trace nitrogen determination in inert gases is described in this article. The instrument consists of a pulsed miniplasma source generated by an in-house fabricated portable high-voltage supply, an optical beam collection system, an integrated small spectrometer with a charge-coupled-device detector, an interface card, and a notebook computer for controlling spectrometer parameters and signal processing. Trace nitrogen in the inert gases, such as helium and argon, was determined by monitoring the emission intensities from nitrogen molecules at 357 and 337 nm. The analytical performance was examined under various experimental conditions. The system has a detection limit of about 15 ppb (v/v) for nitrogen in helium with a relative standard deviation of 1.5%. The newly developed instrument offers a simple, low-cost, and sensitive method for continuously monitoring trace nitrogen in high-purity inert gases. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C ACS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jin, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C ACS, MS K-484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 5156 EP 5160 DI 10.1063/1.1628841 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 746PU UT WOS:000186755400027 ER PT J AU Rupp, TD Gehr, RJ Bucholtz, S Robbins, DL Stahl, DB Sheffield, SA AF Rupp, TD Gehr, RJ Bucholtz, S Robbins, DL Stahl, DB Sheffield, SA TI Stereo camera system for three-dimensional reconstruction of a flyer plate in flight SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A stereo camera system has been developed for use with the laser-driven MiniFlyer apparatus. The objective of the stereo camera is to determine the three-dimensional reconstruction of the surface of a flyer plate in flight. The resolution of the system is designed to be 10 mum, based on the maximum blur expected due to the flyer plate motion during the exposure. Illumination of the flyer plate in flight is accomplished with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. A grid is projected onto the flyer plate surface to provide reference points for the reconstruction. The software algorithm used for the reconstruction utilizes a bilinear interpolation to fill in the data between the grid lines. Data for copper and titanium flyer plates are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Honeywell Fed Mfg & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gehr, RJ (reprint author), Honeywell Fed Mfg & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 74 IS 12 BP 5274 EP 5281 DI 10.1063/1.1622980 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 746PU UT WOS:000186755400047 ER PT J AU Keegan, RP Lopez, JC McGrath, CA AF Keegan, RP Lopez, JC McGrath, CA TI Development of a field well head safety system for use with radiation generating devices SO SAFETY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE well head safety system; neutron generator; neutron probe; bore hole; subsurface medium AB This paper discusses the design, testing and application of a new interlock system for field use with neutron generating bore hole probes at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. Such probes produce 14 MeV neutrons at a yield up to 3 x 10(8) neutrons/s, and present an ionizing radiation hazard to personnel particularly when operated in an unshielded configuration. This interlock system prevents personnel from being exposed to the relatively high radiation fields caused by an unsafe condition when an operating neutron generator probe is withdrawn from a well in the ground. An electromechanical interlock prototype system has been designed, built and tested, and has been found to be effective at preventing this event. The design is simple, is effective in mitigating the hazard, and can be installed in minutes. The system could be modified to interlock radiation-generating devices other than neutron generators that are used in similar environments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Keegan, RP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Mail Stop 2114,POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI McGrath, Christopher/E-8995-2013 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7535 J9 SAFETY SCI JI Saf. Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 10 BP 877 EP 886 DI 10.1016/S0925-7535(02)00048-6 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 734XW UT WOS:000186084100004 ER PT J AU Datskos, PG Lavrik, NV Sepaniak, MJ AF Datskos, PG Lavrik, NV Sepaniak, MJ TI Detection of explosive compounds with the use of microcantilevers with nanoporous coatings SO SENSOR LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microcantilever; explosives; detector ID ENHANCED CHEMIMECHANICAL TRANSDUCTION; NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; CONTINUOUS-FLOW IMMUNOSENSOR; REMOTE DETECTION; VAPOR-PRESSURE; SURFACE; FILMS; FLUORESCENCE; IMMUNOASSAY; CALIXARENES AB Real-time detection of nitroaromatic explosive compounds in various environments is a challenging task for forensics, antiterrorist activities, and global de-mining projects. The ability to detect trace levels of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in air and soil is a key measure in reducing fatalities from land mines among civilians and tracking explosive materials. In the present work we demonstrate that microcantilevers modified with a chemically responsive coating produce large (micrometer-scale) bending responses in the presence of vapor-phase TNT and its analogs, 1-mononitrotoluene (1-MNT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT). Efficient delivery of low-vapor-pressure nitroaromatic analytes was achieved by heating the analyte delivery system and encasing the detector in a heatable flow cell. The magnitude of responses to TNT vapor increased and the response kinetics was dramatically accelerated as the detector temperature was raised from 22 degrees C to 40 degrees C. The noise-limited TNT detection threshold was estimated to be 520 ppt(v). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM datskospg@ornl.gov RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 NR 43 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-198X J9 SENS LETT JI Sens. Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 1 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1166/sl.2003.016 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 004PT UT WOS:000234765400005 ER PT J AU Tran, P Gosper, J Gorton, I AF Tran, P Gosper, J Gorton, I TI Evaluating the sustained performance of COTS-based messaging systems SO SOFTWARE TESTING VERIFICATION & RELIABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Verification and Validation of Enterprise Information Systems (VVEIS 2003) CY APR, 2003 CL ANGERS, FRANCE DE message-oriented middleware; message broker; performance evaluation; messaging system; system validation; test and validation AB Messaging systems, which include message brokers built on top of message-oriented middleware, have been used as middleware components in many enterprise application integration projects. There are many COTS-based messaging systems on the market, but there is little concrete understanding in the software industry on the performance of these different technologies. The authors have carried out a scenario-based evaluation of three leading messaging systems to provide insight into performance issues. The evaluation process includes a study of the sustained performance of the system under load. The result of this study is used to derive a generic metric for quantifying a messaging system's performance. The paper describes a synthetic transactional scenario, which is used for load tests and performance measurement. The results from executing this test scenario with three messaging systems are then presented and explained. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CSIRO, Math & Informat Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. EM ian.gorton@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-0833 EI 1099-1689 J9 SOFTW TEST VERIF REL JI Softw. Test. Verif. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1002/stvr.279 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 765HC UT WOS:000188260200003 ER PT J AU Chang, CW Regan, BC Mickelson, W Ritchie, RO Zettl, A AF Chang, CW Regan, BC Mickelson, W Ritchie, RO Zettl, A TI Probing structural phase transitions of crystalline C-60 via resistivity measurements of metal film overlayers SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fullerene; metal film; phase transition ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB The electrical resistance of thin silver films deposited on C-60 crystals shows anomalies near 261, 240, and 100 K. These temperatures coincide. respectively, with the bulk rotational, surface rotational, and quenched disorder structural phase transitions of crystalline C-60. Films of other metals on C-60 show similar behavior. Our findings demonstrate that thin metal film overlayers are sensitive probes of the structural phase transitions in C60, and also provide evidence for a novel structural-electronic interaction at the metal/C-60 interface. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Chang, Chih-Wei/A-5974-2012; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Mickelson, Willi/D-8813-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Mickelson, Willi/0000-0002-6398-6212; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 128 IS 9-10 BP 359 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2003.08.042 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 738BE UT WOS:000186266200008 ER PT J AU Butko, VY Chi, X Ramirez, AP AF Butko, VY Chi, X Ramirez, AP TI Free-standing tetracene single crystal field effect transistor SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE organic crystals; semiconductors; crystal growth; electronic transport; recombination and trapping ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; PENTACENE; MOBILITY; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE AB We have fabricated and studied field effect transistors (FETs) on the optically transparent free-standing organic single crystals of tetracene. These FETs exhibit effective hole channel mobility up to 0.15 cm(2)/V s and on-off ratios up to 2 x 10(7). Using measured values of mu(eff), thermal activation energy, and a simple model, we deduce an intrinsic free carrier mobility in the range of tens of cm(2)/VS, similar to that found in pentacene crystals. These values should be considered only as a rough indication of achievable mobilities in samples much purer than those presently studied. The obtained results show the possibility of FET behavior in transparent crystals with low intrinsic carrier density. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Butko, VY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-10,MS-K764,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 128 IS 11 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2003.08.014 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 747ML UT WOS:000186808200007 ER PT J AU Kwon, YW Norton, DP Jellison, GE AF Kwon, YW Norton, DP Jellison, GE TI Recrystallization and dielectric properties of CaHfOx films on Si SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics CY OCT, 2002 CL FLORIDA DE perovskite; gate dielectric; calcium hafnate; capacitance ID HAFNIUM OXIDE; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; GATE DIELECTRICS; STABILITY; SI(001); SILICON AB The recrystallization and dielectric behavior for amorphous CaHfOx films on Si substrates has been investigated. Upon conventional annealing in air, the CaHfOx films remain amorphous up to an annealing temperature of 800 degreesC for annealing times of 1 h. This recrystallization temperature is significantly higher than that reported for HfO2 subjected to rapid thermal annealing. Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures with Pt gate electrodes were fabricated with various CaHfOx film thickness for capacitance-voltage and leakage current measurements. From this, the permittivity of CaHfOx was determined, along with interface layer capacitance for films on Si. The enhanced stability against polycrystalline grain growth, along with the thermodynamic stability of both CaO and HfO2 in contact with Si, suggests that CaHfOx may be an attractive gate dielectric for future generation metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 106 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2149 EP 2153 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00188-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 747FQ UT WOS:000186794900003 ER PT J AU Kim, K Kwon, YW Norton, DP Christen, DK Budai, JD Sales, BC Chisholm, MF Cantoni, C Marken, K AF Kim, K Kwon, YW Norton, DP Christen, DK Budai, JD Sales, BC Chisholm, MF Cantoni, C Marken, K TI Epitaxial (La,Sr)TiO3 as a conductive buffer for high temperature superconducting coated conductors SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics CY OCT, 2002 CL FL DE coated conductors; wires; epitaxial films; buffer layers ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; MOTT-INSULATOR; FILMS; LAYERS; TAPES; SR1-XLAXTIO3; PEROVSKITES; TRANSITION; GROWTH; LATIO3 AB The transport and structural properties of (La,Sr)TiO3 epitaxial thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition is presented. In particular, the potential,use of (La,Sr)TiO3 as a conductive buffer layer for subsequent growth of high temperature superconducting films for coated conductors is discussed. Van der Pauw measurements of film resistivity as a function oxidation conditions show that, for undoped LaTiO3 films, the resistivity increases rapidly as background oxygen pressure is increased, which is consistent with the formation of the LaTiO3+x phase. Sr doping of LaTiO3 significantly enhances the conductivity of thin film materials when synthesized under oxidizing conditions. The transport behavior for Sr-doped LaTiO3 films Correlates with structural data showing no significant shift in lattice spacing as oxygen partial pressure is increased during film growth. In addition, the epitaxial growth of (La,Sr)TiO3 on biaxially textured Ni alloy tapes is demonstrated. These results suggest that (La,Sr)TiO3 is a viable candidate as a conducting buffer for superconducting film growth on biaxially textured metal tapes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oxford Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 100 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dnort@mse.ufl.edu RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2177 EP 2181 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00193-X PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 747FQ UT WOS:000186794900008 ER PT J AU Ivill, M Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Norton, DP Hebard, AF Theodoropoulou, N Budai, JD AF Ivill, M Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Norton, DP Hebard, AF Theodoropoulou, N Budai, JD TI Properties of Mn-doped Cu2O semiconducting thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics CY OCT, 2002 CL FLORIDA ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETISM; ZNO; OXIDE; MN3O4 AB Semiconducting oxides offer the potential for exploring and understanding spin-based functionality in a semiconducting host material. Theoretical predictions suggest that carrier-mediated ferromagnetism should be favored for p-type material. Cu2O is a p-type, direct wide bandgap oxide semiconductor that may hold interest in exploring spin behavior. In this paper, the properties of Mn-doped Cu2O are described. Activities focused on understanding Mn incorporation during thin-film synthesis, as well as magnetic characterization. The epitaxial films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition. X-ray diffraction was used to determine film crystallinity and to address the formation of secondary phases. SQUID magnetometry was employed to characterize the magnetic properties. Ferromagnetism is observed in selected Mn-doped Cu2O films, but appears to be associated with Mn3O4 secondary phases. In phase-pure Mn-doped Cu2O films, no evidence for ferromagnetism is observed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ivill, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 27 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2215 EP 2220 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00200-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 747FQ UT WOS:000186794900015 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Khim, ZG Park, YD Norton, DP Theodoropoulou, NA Hebard, AF Budai, JD Boatner, LA Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG AF Lee, JS Khim, ZG Park, YD Norton, DP Theodoropoulou, NA Hebard, AF Budai, JD Boatner, LA Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG TI Magnetic properties of Co- and Mn-implanted BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and KTaO3 SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics CY OCT, 2002 CL FLORIDA ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; DOPED ZNO; ION-IMPLANTATION; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETOTRANSPORT AB Implantation of Co or Mn into single-crystal BaTiO3(K), SrTiO3 or KTaO3(Ca), followed by annealing at 700 degreesC, produced ferromagnetic behavior over a broad range of transition metal concentrations. For BaTiO3, both Co and Mn implantation produced magnetic ordering temperatures near 300 K with coercivities less than or equal to70 Oe. The M-T plots showed either a near-linear decrease of magnetization with increasing temperature for Co and a non-Brillouin shaped curve for Mn. No secondary phases were detected by high-resolution X-ray diffraction. The same basic trends were observed for both SrTiO3 and KTaO3, with the exception that at high Mn concentrations (similar to5 at.%) the SrTiO3 was no longer ferromagnetic. Our results are consistent with recent reports of room temperature ferromagnetism in other perovskite systems (e.g. LaBaMnO3) and theoretical predictions for transition metal doping of BaTiO3 [Nakayama et al., Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 40 (2001) L1355]. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 35 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2225 EP 2230 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00202-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 747FQ UT WOS:000186794900017 ER PT J AU Theodoropoulou, NA Hebard, AF Norton, DP Budai, JD Boatner, LA Lee, JS Khim, ZG Park, YD Overberg, ME Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG AF Theodoropoulou, NA Hebard, AF Norton, DP Budai, JD Boatner, LA Lee, JS Khim, ZG Park, YD Overberg, ME Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG TI Ferromagnetism in Co- and Mn-doped ZnO SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics CY OCT, 2002 CL FL DE oxides; ferromagnetic semiconductor; zinc oxide; implantation ID P-TYPE ZNO; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS AB Bulk single crystals of Sn-doped ZnO were implanted with Co or Mn at doses designed to produce transition metal concentrations of 3-5 at.% in the near-surface (similar to2000 Angstrom) region. The implantation was performed at similar to350 degreesC to promote dynamic annealing of ion-induced damage. Following annealing at 700 degreesC, temperature-dependent magnetization measurements showed ordering temperatures of similar to300 K for Co- and similar to250 K for Mn-implanted ZnO. Clear hysteresis loops were obtained at these temperatures. The coercive fields were less than or equal to 100 Oe for all measurement temperatures. X-ray diffraction showed no detectable second phases in the Mn-implanted material. One plausible origin for the ferromagnetism in this case is a carrier-induced mechanism. By sharp contrast, the Co-implanted material showed evidence for the presence of Co precipitates with hexagonal symmetry, which is the cause of the room temperature ferromagnetism. Our results are consistent with the stabilization of ferromagnetic states by electron doping in transition metal-doped ZnO predicted by Sato and Katayama-Yoshida [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 (2001) L334]. This work shows the excellent promise of Mn-doped ZnO for potential room temperature spintronic applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dnort@mse.ufl.edu RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 25 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2231 EP 2235 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00203-X PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 747FQ UT WOS:000186794900018 ER PT J AU Varela, M Lupini, AR Pennycook, SJ Sefrioui, Z Santamaria, J AF Varela, M Lupini, AR Pennycook, SJ Sefrioui, Z Santamaria, J TI Nanoscale analysis of YBa2Cu3O7-x/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 interfaces SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics CY OCT, 2002 CL FLORIDA DE superlattices; interfaces; electron microscopy; high T-c superconductivity; manganites ID LA0.7CA0.3MNO3/YBA2CU3O7-DELTA SUPERLATTICES; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MULTILAYERS; SMBA2CU3OY; MAGNETISM AB The structure of interfaces in superconducting/ferromagnetic YBa2Cu3O7-x/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 superlattices has been analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and high spatial resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. Individual layers are flat over long lateral distances. The interfaces are coherent, free of defects, exhibiting no roughness, and are located at the BaO plane of the superconductor. Concerning chemical disorder, EELS measurements show the absence of measurable chemical interdiffusion within experimental error bars. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Complutense Madrid, Dpto Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Varela, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016; Sefrioui, Zouhair/C-2728-2017 OI Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686; Sefrioui, Zouhair/0000-0002-6703-3339 NR 14 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2245 EP 2248 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00205-3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 747FQ UT WOS:000186794900020 ER PT J AU Heo, YW Kaufman, M Pruessner, K Norton, DP Ren, F Chisholm, MF Fleming, PH AF Heo, YW Kaufman, M Pruessner, K Norton, DP Ren, F Chisholm, MF Fleming, PH TI Optical properties of Zn1-xMgxO nanorods using catalysis-driven molecular beam epitaxy SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics CY OCT, 2002 CL FLORIDA DE ZnMgO; nanorods; photoluminescence; molecular beam epitaxy ID ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES; ZNO NANORODS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; VAPOR TRANSPORT; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; NANOBELTS; ARRAYS AB We report on the optical properties of (Zn,Mg)O nanorods grown by catalyst-driven molecular beam epitaxy. The process is site-specific, as single crystal (Zn,Mg)O nanorod growth is realized via nucleation on Ag films or islands that are deposited on a SiO2-terminated Si substrate surface. Growth occurs within a flux of Zn, Mg, and O-2/O-3 mixture at substrate temperatures of 400 500 degreesC. With the addition of Mg, the nanorod morphology becomes more uniform relative to the pure ZnO nanomaterials synthesized under similar conditions. The (Zn,Mg)O nanorods are cylindrical, exhibiting diameters of 15-40 nm and lengths in excess of 1 mum. The (Zn,Mg)O nanorods exhibit a strong photoluminescence response, showing a slight shift to shorter wavelengths due to Mg incorporation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Heo, YW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, POB 116400,Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. RI Pruessner, Karin/A-4949-2009; Kaufman, Michael/A-7737-2012 NR 43 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2269 EP 2273 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00209-0 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 747FQ UT WOS:000186794900024 ER PT J AU Jeong, BS Norton, DP Budai, JD AF Jeong, BS Norton, DP Budai, JD TI Conductivity in transparent anatase TiO2 films epitaxially grown by reactive sputtering deposition SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics CY OCT, 2002 CL FLORIDA ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE; SUBSTRATE; RUTILE AB The synthesis of semiconducting TiO2 thin films deposited by reactive sputtering is discussed. In particular, defect doping of the anatase polymorph that is epitaxial stabilized on (0 0 1) LaAlO3 was explored using either oxygen or water vapor as the oxidizing species. For films grown in oxygen, a transition from insulating to metallic conductivity of the films is observed as the O-2 pressure is reduced. X-ray diffraction measurements show the presence of the TinO2n-1 phase when the oxygen pressure is reduced sufficiently to induce conductive behavior. Hall measurements indicate that these materials are p-type. In contrast, the use of water vapor as the oxidizing species enabled the formation of n-type semiconducting TiO2 with carrier density on the order of 10(18) cm(-3) and mobility of 10-15 cm(2)/V s. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jeong, BS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 106 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 23 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2275 EP 2278 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00210-7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 747FQ UT WOS:000186794900025 ER PT J AU Pitts, JR AF Pitts, JR TI IME-5 guest editor's foreword SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pitts, JR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP XI EP XII DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.008 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 754DC UT WOS:000187286600001 ER PT J AU Karazhanov, SZ Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Deb, S Wang, LW AF Karazhanov, SZ Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Deb, S Wang, LW TI Oxygen vacancy in cubic WO3 studied by first-principles pseudopotential calculation SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Electrochromism (IME-5) CY AUG 05-09, 2002 CL GOLDEN, COLORADO DE ABO(3) perovskites; tungsten oxide; electrochromism; non-stoichiometry; defects; Ab initio calculations; LDA; pseudopotential methods ID SEMIEMPIRICAL CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE; DEEP LEVELS; THIN-FILMS; F-CENTERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; STATES; CRYSTALS AB In this work, the oxygen vacancy in WO3 has been studied by an ab initio pseudopotential method within the local density approximation (LDA). It is shown that with the charge state change of the vacancy, a strong lattice relaxation, swing from one to the other side of the un-relaxed position, is found for the nearest W ions, accompanied by large changes in the electronic structure of the vacancy. It is found that an oxygen vacancy in WO3 gives rise to three types of defect states: a donor-like state near the fundamental band gap, derived from the top valence bands, a hyper-deep resonant state in the valence band and a high-lying resonant state in the conduction band, derived from the oxygen 2s bonding and anti-bonding band, respectively. The existence of the donor-like defect state offers a possible explanation for the dependence of the conductivity and the mid-gap absorption on the O deficiency. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Karazhanov, Smagul/E-3357-2015 OI Karazhanov, Smagul/0000-0001-6504-2517 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.012 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 754DC UT WOS:000187286600007 ER PT J AU Zayim, EO Liu, P Lee, SH Tracy, CE Turner, JA Pitts, JR Deb, SK AF Zayim, EO Liu, P Lee, SH Tracy, CE Turner, JA Pitts, JR Deb, SK TI Mesoporous sol-gel WO3 thin films via poly(styrene-co-allyl-alcohol) copolymer templates SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Electrochromism (IME-5) CY AUG 05-09, 2002 CL GOLDEN, COLORADO DE mesoporous tungsten oxide; sol-gel processing; electrochromism; ultraviolet illumination; insertion kinetics ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; TUNGSTEN-OXIDE AB In this study a copolymer poly(styrene-co-allyl-alcohol), [-CH2CH(C6H5)-](x)[-CH2CH-(CH2OH)-](y) has been employed as a novel template in a sol-gel synthesis process to direct the formation of mesoporous tungsten oxide. The copolymer, due to its rigid hydrophobic block of polystyrene, is a more effective surfactant in an alcohol solution than polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide based compounds. The films have been prepared by a spin-coating technique from an ethanol solution of tungsten hexachloride. A room temperature, ultraviolet illumination method has been found to be very suitable for removing the polymer template, leading to the formation of a high-quality mesoporous structure. The electrochromic and optical properties of the mesoporous films are described and compared to standard sol-gel tungsten oxide films. Mesoporous materials exhibit superior high-rate ion-insertion performance when used as electrochromic layers. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci & Letters, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zayim, EO (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci & Letters, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 NR 16 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.014 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 754DC UT WOS:000187286600010 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Cheong, HM Liu, P Tracy, CE Pitts, JR Deb, SK AF Lee, SH Cheong, HM Liu, P Tracy, CE Pitts, JR Deb, SK TI Improving the durability of ion insertion materials in a liquid electrolyte SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Electrochromism (IME-5) CY AUG 05-09, 2002 CL GOLDEN, COLORADO DE electrochromic devices; liquid electrolyte; polymeric gel electrolyte; cyclic durability; protective layer ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; THIN-FILMS; OXIDE AB Electrochromic (EC) devices fabricated with liquid or polymeric gel electrolyte are often less durable than those constructed with inorganic solid-state electrolyte. Long-term degradation of the ion insertion layer (with extensive cycling) by the liquid/gel electrolyte may contribute to this durability problem. In this respect, two V2O5 thin film electrodes were fabricated for extensive cyclic durability testing in a LiClO4/propylene carbonate (PC) liquid electrolyte: One V2O5 film had no overlying coating while the other had a protective thin film of solid lithium ion-conducting LiAlF4. The protected V2O5 exhibited improved durability in terms of constant capacity with repeated cycling up to 800 cycles, while the uncoated V2O5 electrode displayed significant capacity loss. Our results demonstrate that deposition of an inorganic solid electrolyte (LiAlF4) on amorphous V2O5 films serves as a protective overlayer and enhances the long-term cycling efficiency and stability of the V2O5 in a liquid electrolyte. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sogang Univ, Seoul 121742, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012; Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044; NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.058 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 754DC UT WOS:000187286600012 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Cheong, HM Seong, MJ Liu, P Tracy, CE Mascarenhas, A Pitts, JR Deb, SK AF Lee, SH Cheong, HM Seong, MJ Liu, P Tracy, CE Mascarenhas, A Pitts, JR Deb, SK TI Raman spectroscopic studies of amorphous vanadium oxide thin films SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Electrochromism (IME-5) CY AUG 05-09, 2002 CL GOLDEN, COLORADO DE Raman spectroscopy; amorphous vanadium oxide; oxygen deficiency; gasochromic; hydrogen insertion ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NICKEL-OXIDE; V2O5; LITHIUM; PENTOXIDE; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR; INTERCALATION; GLASS AB We report on the microstructural changes of amorphous V2O5 films with lithium intercalation. The Raman spectra of as-deposited films show two broad peaks around at 520 and 650 cm(-1), due to the stretching modes of the V-3-O and V-2-O bonds, respectively, and a relatively sharp peak at 1027 cm(-1) due to the V5+ = O stretching mode of terminal oxygen atoms. In addition, there is a peak at 932 cm(-1) that we attribute to the V4+ = O bonds. Comparison of the Raman spectra of V2O5 films with different oxygen deficiencies confirms this assignment. This Raman peak due to the stretching mode of the V4+ = O bonds develops and shifts toward lower frequencies with increasing lithium concentration. Comparison to results from gasochromic hydrogen insertion indicates that the 932 cm(-1) Raman peak is not a result of vibrations which involve Li or H atoms. We propose that the V4+ = O bonds are created by two different mechanisms: a direct conversion from V5+ = O bonds and the breaking of the single oxygen bonds involving V4+ ions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121742, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012; Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044; NR 29 TC 116 Z9 123 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.022 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 754DC UT WOS:000187286600016 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Liu, P Cheong, HM Tracy, CE Deb, SK AF Lee, SH Liu, P Cheong, HM Tracy, CE Deb, SK TI Electrochromism of amorphous ruthenium oxide thin films SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Electrochromism (IME-5) CY AUG 05-09, 2002 CL GOLDEN, COLORADO DE ruthenium oxide; electrochromic; counter electrode; cyclic voltammetry; capacitive behavior ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM; WINDOWS AB We report on the electrochromic behavior of amorphous ruthenium oxide thin films and their electrochemical characteristics for use as counterelectrodes for electrochromic devices. Hydrous ruthenium oxide thin films were prepared by cyclic voltammetry on ITO coated glass substrates from an aqueous ruthenium chloride solution. The cyclic voltammograrns of this material show the capacitive behavior including two redox reaction peaks in each cathodic and anodic scan. The ruthenium oxide thin film electrode exhibits a 50% modulation of optical transmittance at 670 nm wavelength with capacitor charge/discharge. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sogang Univ, Seoul 121742, South Korea. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012; Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044; NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.035 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 754DC UT WOS:000187286600030 ER PT J AU Liu, P Lee, SH Tracy, CE Turner, JA Pitts, JR Deb, SK AF Liu, P Lee, SH Tracy, CE Turner, JA Pitts, JR Deb, SK TI Electrochromic and chemochromic performance of mesoporous thin-film vanadium oxide SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Electrochromism (IME-5) CY AUG 05-09, 2002 CL GOLDEN, COLORADO DE vanadium oxide; mesoporous; electrodeposition; electrochromic; chemochromic ID LITHIUM INTERCALATION; V2O5; DEPOSITION; CATHODES; HOST AB Mesoporous vanadium oxide thin films have been deposited electrochemically from a water/ethanol solution of vanadyl sulfate and a nonionic polymer surfactant. Aggregates of the polymer surfactant serve as templates that result in the formation of a mesoporous structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate the presence of both macroporosity and mesoporosity in the electrodeposited film. Chemochromic behavior of mesoporous vanadium oxide is demonstrated in a palladium/vanadium oxide thin-film device, which colors when exposed to hydrogen gas. A comparison of results with evaporated vanadium oxide reveals that the mesoporous film displays an improved kinetic performance, which is most likely attributable to its highly porous structure. Also, the electrochemical properties have been explored in a lithium-battery configuration. Mesoporous vanadium oxide exhibits a very high lithium storage capacity and greatly enhanced charge-discharge rate. In situ optical measurements show that the film exhibits a multicolor electrochromic effect. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Liu, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 NR 13 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.044 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 754DC UT WOS:000187286600031 ER PT J AU Richardson, TJ AF Richardson, TJ TI New electrochromic mirror systems SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Electrochromism (IME-5) CY AUG 05-09, 2002 CL GOLDEN, COLORADO DE electrochromism; switchable mirrors; thin films ID SWITCHABLE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; KINETIC-PARAMETERS; ELECTRODES; FILMS; COPPER; LI3SB AB Variable reflectance coatings (switchable mirrors) have significant advantages over traditional absorbing devices for radiant energy control in a variety of architectural and aerospace applications due to their large dynamic ranges in both transmission and reflection in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regimes. Although electrochromic and gasochromic metal hydride films have been the primary focus of recent research in this field, other systems merit consideration. Two of these, based on electrochemical conversion of copper to copper oxides and of pnicogens to lithium pnictides are discussed here. Three distinct states are available in the copper system: the highly reflecting metal, the transparent Cu(I) oxide, and the black, highly absorbing Cu(II) oxide. Metallic thin films of elemental antimony and bismuth are reversibly converted to transparent, semiconducting lithium pnictides by cathodic polarization in a nonaqueous lithium electrolyte. Like the metal hydrides, these systems provide substantial modulation of near-infrared transmission and reflection, but have somewhat lower visible reflectance in their mirror states. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Div Bldg Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Richardson, TJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Div Bldg Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.047 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 754DC UT WOS:000187286600039 ER PT J AU Farangis, B Nachimuthu, P Richardson, TJ Slack, JL Meyer, BK Perera, RCC Rubin, MD AF Farangis, B Nachimuthu, P Richardson, TJ Slack, JL Meyer, BK Perera, RCC Rubin, MD TI Structural and electronic properties of magnesium-3D transition metal switchable mirrors SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Meeting on Electrochromism (IME-5) CY AUG 05-09, 2002 CL GOLDEN, COLORADO DE hydrogen storage materials; thin films; EXAFS; NEXAFS; X-ray diffraction ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS; HYDRIDE; HYDROGEN; MG2NIH4; NICKEL AB We have observed reversible mirror-to-transparent state switching in a variety of mixed metal thin films containing magnesium and first-row transition elements including Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, and Ti. The very large changes in both reflectance and transmittance on loading these films with hydrogen are accompanied by significant structural and electronic transformations. The valence states and coordination of metal atoms during hydrogen loading were followed using dynamic in situ transmission-mode X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Time-resolved Mg K-edge and Ni, Co, Mn, and Ti L-edge spectra reflect both reversible and irreversible changes in the metal environments. These spectra are compared to those of reference materials and to predictions from calculations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Div Bldg Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 1, Giessen, Germany. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Richardson, TJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Div Bldg Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1-4 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.041 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 754DC UT WOS:000187286600040 ER PT J AU Moridis, GJ AF Moridis, GJ TI Numerical studies of gas production from methane hydrates SO SPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2002 SPE Gas Technology Symposium CY APR 30-MAY 02, 2002 CL CALGARY, CANADA SP Soc Petr Engineers ID INTRINSIC RATE; DECOMPOSITION AB EOSHYDR2 is a new module for the TOUGH2 general-purpose simulator for multicomponent, multiphase fluid and heat flow in the subsurface. By solving the coupled equations of mass and heat balance, EOSHYDR2 can model the nonisothermal gas release, phase behavior, and flow of fluids and heat under conditions typical of common natural hydrate deposits (i.e., in permafrost and in deep ocean sediments) in complex formations, and it can describe binary hydrocarbon systems involving methane. EOSHYDR2 includes both an equilibrium and a kinetic model of hydrate formation and dissociation. The model accounts for up to four phases (gas phase, liquid phase, ice phase, and hydrate phase) and up to nine components (hydrate, water, native CH4 and CH4 from hydrate dissociation, a second native and dissociated hydrocarbon, salt, water-soluble inhibitors, and a heat pseudocomponent). The mass components are partitioned among the phases. The thermophysical properties of the various mass components can be described at temperatures as low as -110degreesC. Dissociation, phase changes, and the corresponding thermal effects are fully described, as are the effects of salt and inhibitors. The model can describe all possible hydrate dissociation mechanisms (i.e., depressurization, thermal stimulation, salting-out effects, and inhibitor-induced effects). Results are presented for four test problems of increasing complexity that explore different mechanisms and strategies for production from typical CH4-hydrate accumulations. The results of the tests indicate that CH4 production from CH4-hydrates could be technically feasible and has significant potential. In particular, thermal stimulation is capable of producing substantial amounts of hydrocarbons, and its effectiveness can be enhanced when coupled with depressurization and the use of inhibitors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Hydrol & Reservoir Dynam Dept, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moridis, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Hydrol & Reservoir Dynam Dept, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 32 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1086-055X J9 SPE J JI SPE J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 8 IS 4 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.2118/87330-PA PG 12 WC Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA 760YJ UT WOS:000187862600005 ER PT J AU Barenblatt, GI Patzek, TW Silin, DB AF Barenblatt, GI Patzek, TW Silin, DB TI The mathematical model of nonequilibrium effects in water-oil displacement SO SPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2002 SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium CY APR 13-17, 2002 CL Tulsa, OK SP Soc Petr Engineers, DOE ID FRACTURED POROUS-MEDIA; SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION; CAPILLARY IMBIBITION; 2-PHASE FLOW; WET; RECOVERY; PRESSURE; MATRIX; RESERVOIRS AB Forced oil-water displacement and spontaneous countercurrent imbibition are the crucial mechanisms of secondary oil recovery. Classical mathematical models of both these unsteady flows are based on the fundamental assumption of local phase equilibrium. Thus, the water and oil flows are assumed to be locally distributed over their flow paths similarly to steady flows. This assumption allows one to further assume that the relative phase permeabilities and the capillary pressure are universal functions of the local water saturation, which can be obtained from steady-state flow experiments. The last assumption leads to a mathematical model consisting of a closed system of equations for fluid flow properties (velocity, pressure) and water saturation. This model is currently used as a basis for numerical predictions of water-oil displacement. However, at the water front in the water-oil displacement, as well as in capillary imbibition, the characteristic times of both processes are, in general, comparable with the times of redistribution of flow paths between oil and water. Therefore, the nonequilibrium effects should be taken into account. We present here a refined and extended mathematical model for the nonequilibrium two-phase (e.g., water-oil) flows. The basic problem formulation, as well as the more specific equations, are given, and the results of comparison with an experiment are presented and discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Soviet Acad Sci, Inst Petr, Moscow, Russia. Soviet Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Barenblatt, GI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM patzek@patzek.berkeley.edu; Dsilin@lbl.gov NR 47 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 1086-055X J9 SPE J JI SPE J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 8 IS 4 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.2118/87329-PA PG 8 WC Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA 760YJ UT WOS:000187862600010 ER PT J AU Guadagnini, A Guadagnini, L Tartakovsky, DM Winter, CL AF Guadagnini, A Guadagnini, L Tartakovsky, DM Winter, CL TI Random domain decomposition for flow in heterogeneous stratified aquifers SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ModelCARE 2002 Conference CY JUN 17-20, 2002 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE random media; stochastic processes; uncertainty; domain decomposition; layered aquifers; moment equations ID STEADY-STATE FLOW; LOCALIZED ANALYSES; POROUS-MEDIA AB We study two-dimensional flow in a layered heterogeneous medium composed of two materials whose hydraulic properties and spatial distribution are known statistically but are otherwise uncertain. Our analysis relies on the composite media theory, which employs random domain decomposition in the context of groundwater flow moment equations to explicitly account for the separate effects of material and geometric uncertainty on ensemble moments of head and flux. Flow parallel and perpendicular to the layering in a two-material composite layered medium is considered. The hydraulic conductivity of each material is log-normally distributed with a much higher mean in one material than in the other. The hydraulic conductivities of points within different materials are uncorrelated. The location of the internal boundary between the two contrasting materials is random and normally distributed with given mean and variance. We solve the equations for (ensemble) moments of hydraulic head and flux and analyze the impact of unknown geometry of materials on statistical moments of head and flux. We compare the composite media approach to approximations that replace statistically inhomogeneous conductivity fields with pseudo-homogeneous random fields. C1 Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Idraul Ambientale Infrastruttur, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Guadagnini, A (reprint author), Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Ingn Idraul Ambientale Infrastruttur, Piazza L Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013; Winter, C. Larrabee/D-3918-2013 NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 394 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s00477-003-0157-1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 750EY UT WOS:000186979400005 ER PT J AU Lichtner, PC Tartakovsky, DM AF Lichtner, PC Tartakovsky, DM TI Stochastic analysis of effective rate constant for heterogeneous reactions SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ModelCARE 2002 Conference CY JUN 17-20, 2002 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE reactive transport; random; probability density function ID TRANSPORT; AQUIFERS; EQUATIONS; KINETICS; TIME AB A probability density function (pdf) formulation is applied to a heterogeneous chemical reaction involving an aqueous solution reacting with a solid phase in a batch. This system is described by a stochastic differential equation with multiplicative noise. Both linear and nonlinear kinetic rate laws are considered. An effective rate constant for the mean field approximation describing the change in mean concentration with time is derived. The effective rate constant decreases with increasing time eventually approaching zero as the system approaches equilibrium. This behavior suggests that a possible explanation for the observed discrepancy between laboratory measured rate constants on uniform grain sizes and field measurements may in part be caused by the heterogeneous distribution of grain sizes in natural systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tartakovsky, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1436-3240 J9 STOCH ENV RES RISK A JI Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 419 EP 429 DI 10.1007/s00477-003-0163-3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water Resources GA 750EY UT WOS:000186979400007 ER PT J AU Walian, P Jap, BK AF Walian, P Jap, BK TI A new era in membrane channel biology SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walian, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD DEC PY 2003 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1467 EP 1468 DI 10.1016/j.str.2003.11.010 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 752CG UT WOS:000187128900004 PM 14656430 ER PT J AU Sondermann, H Soisson, SM Bar-Sagi, D Kuriyan, J AF Sondermann, H Soisson, SM Bar-Sagi, D Kuriyan, J TI Tandem histone folds in the structure of the n-terminal segment of the Ras activator son of sevenless SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE; PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAINS; RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES; NUCLEOSOME CORE PARTICLE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INTRAMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; METHANOTHERMUS-FERVIDUS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; NMR STRUCTURE; DNA-BINDING AB The Ras activator Son of Sevenless (Sos) contains a Cdc25 homology domain, responsible for nucleotide exchange, as well as DbI/Pleckstrin homology (DH/PH) domains. We have determined the crystal structure of the N-terminal segment of human Sos1 (residues 1-191) and show that it contains two tandem histone folds. While the N-terminal domain is monomeric in solution, its structure is surprisingly similar to that of histone dimers, with both subunits of the histone "dimer" being part of the same peptide chain. One histone fold corresponds to the region of Sos that is clearly similar in sequence to histones (residues 91-191), whereas the other is formed by residues in Sos (1-90) that are unrelated in sequence to histones. Residues that form a contiguous patch on the surface of the histone domain of Sos are conserved from C. elegans to humans, suggesting a potential role for this domain in protein-protein interactions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Mol Biophys Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD DEC PY 2003 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1583 EP 1593 DI 10.1016/j.str.2003.10.015 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 752CG UT WOS:000187128900016 PM 14656442 ER PT J AU Green, MA AF Green, MA TI The integration of liquid cryogen cooling and cryocoolers with superconducting electronic systems SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Superconducting Electronics Conference (ISEC 2003) CY JUL 07-11, 2003 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA AB The need for cryogenic cooling has been a critical issue that has kept superconducting electronic devices from reaching the market place. Even though the performance of many of the superconducting circuits is superior to silicon electronics, the requirement for cryogenic cooling has put the superconducting devices at a serious disadvantage. This paper discusses the process of refrigerating superconducting devices with cryogenic liquids and small cryocoolers. Three types of cryocoolers are compared for vibration, efficiency and reliability. The connection of a cryocooler to the load is discussed. A comparison of using flexible copper straps to carry the heat load and using heat pipe is shown. The type of instrumentation needed for monitoring and controlling the cooling is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1349 EP 1355 AR PII S0953-2048(03)66357-8 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/16/12/006 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 760DN UT WOS:000187796500006 ER PT J AU Ajayi, OO Kovalchenko, A Hersberger, JG Erdemir, A Fenske, GR AF Ajayi, OO Kovalchenko, A Hersberger, JG Erdemir, A Fenske, GR TI Surface damage and wear mechanisms of amorphous carbon coatings under boundary lubrication conditions SO SURFACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SUPERLOW-FRICTION; FILMS AB A class of amorphous carbon coatings with excellent tribological properties under dry conditions was recently developed at Argonne National Laboratory. In the present study, the performance of three variations of such coatings under the boundary lubrication regime was evaluated, with particular focus on the coating surface damage and mechanical aspect of the wear mechanisms of the coated surfaces. The evaluation employed ball on flat contact geometry in reciprocating sliding motion and three different lubricants. Compared with the uncoated steel surface, the three variations of the coatings evaluated significantly reduced the amount of wear. The surface damage in the coatings consisted primarily of localised crack formation at the local asperity points of contact typical of boundary lubrication regime. The cracks propagated over time, resulting in eventual removal of coating material. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ajayi, OO (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ajayi@anl.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0844 J9 SURF ENG JI Surf. Eng. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 19 IS 6 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1179/026708403225010181 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 803EM UT WOS:000220214400009 ER PT J AU Braun, A AF Braun, A TI Conversion of thickness data of thin films with variable lattice parameter from monolayers to angstroms: An application of the epitaxial Bain path SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article DE film thickness; variable lattice parameter; Bain path ID ANISOTROPY; STRAIN AB A procedure for the conversion of film thicknesses from monolayers to angstroms is presented. It is applicable to thickness data experimentally obtained from strained epitaxial films and based on the concept of the epitaxial Bain path. In particular, the in-plane lattice spacing of the film, such as that obtained with LEED on wedge-shaped samples, is used to determine the perpendicular lattice spacing, which serves for the conversion into angstroms. Omission of the implications of the Bain path concept would yield erroneous results. This conversion was successfully applied to compare experimental data, (given in monolayers), with data found in the literature (given in angstroms). C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Braun, A (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Consortium Fossil Fuel Sci, Suite 107 Sam Whalen Bldg,533 S Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM abraun@lbl.gov RI BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009 OI BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 889 EP 894 DI 10.1142/S0218625X03005761 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 804QB UT WOS:000220312100008 ER PT J AU Xu, SH Wu, HS Tong, SY Keeffe, M Lapeyre, GJ Rotenberg, E AF Xu, SH Wu, HS Tong, SY Keeffe, M Lapeyre, GJ Rotenberg, E TI Study of the C2H4/Si(100)-(2x1) interface by derivative photoelectron holography SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article DE photoelectron holography; surface structure ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; ATOMIC IMAGES; ETHYLENE; PHOTOEMISSION; SI(100); SURFACE; STATES; C2H4 AB The k derivative spectra (KDS) transform is used for construction of the three-dimensional atomic structure of the C2H4/Si(100)-(2 x 1) system from photoelectron diffraction data. The image function obtained by the KDS transform clearly observes the second-layer Si atoms and the C emitters apart from the first-layer Si atoms. The observations of the second-layer Si atoms and the C emitters make it easy to measure the C-C bond length correctly. Then a conclusive adsorption model - the di-sigma model - for the C2H4/Si(100)-(2 x 1) system is established. In comparison with the KDS transform, the normal small-cone transform hardly measures the C-C bond length. The ability to observe more scatterers of a photoelectron emitter by the KDS transform expands the applicability of holographic imaging. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, HS (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM hswu@hkusub.hku.hk RI Wu, Hua Sheng/D-3145-2009; Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 10 IS 6 BP 925 EP 932 DI 10.1142/S0218625X03005670 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 804QB UT WOS:000220312100013 ER PT J AU Li, MZ Evans, JW AF Li, MZ Evans, JW TI Geometry-based simulation (GBS) algorithms for island nucleation and growth during sub-monolayer deposition SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE epitaxy; models of non-equilibrium phenomena; nucleation; surface diffusion ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ADATOM CAPTURE; AGGREGATION; DYNAMICS; MOBILITY; SURFACE; DENSITY; MODEL AB Versatile geometry-based simulation (GBS) algorithms are developed to describe the formation of two-dimensional islands during sub-monolayer film growth. These GBS algorithms avoid an explicit treatment of the diffusion of deposited atoms across terraces, the process which mediates both island nucleation and growth. Treatment of terrace diffusion is a computationally expensive component of either conventional atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations, or of coarse-grained continuum formulations of island edge evolution. Our GBS approach characterizes island growth in terms of simply constructed "capture zones" surrounding each island, an old concept which was recently refined and made quantitatively precise. However, in addition, GBS implements simple but realistic geometric rules to incorporate crucial spatial aspects of the island nucleation process, specifically nucleation nearby capture zone boundaries. By detailed comparison of predictions of results from GBS with conventional atomistic KMC simulations, we show that this approach correctly predicts island size distributions as well as subtle spatial correlations in island locations. Perhaps, just as importantly, refinement of the prescription of island nucleation is readily achieved in GBS, thus elucidating the effects of this prescription on the resulting island distribution. Finally, we emphasize that GBS is particularly effective for highly reversible island formation where atomistic KMC simulation becomes inefficient. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, MZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM maozhi@scl.ameslab.gov NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 546 IS 2-3 BP 127 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2003.09.028 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 746GQ UT WOS:000186739000015 ER PT J AU Yoo, K Li, AP Zhang, ZY Weitering, HH Flack, F Lagally, MG Wendelken, JF AF Yoo, K Li, AP Zhang, ZY Weitering, HH Flack, F Lagally, MG Wendelken, JF TI Fabrication of Ge nanoclusters on Si with a buffer layer-assisted growth method SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; evaporation and sublimation; growth; germanium; silicon; clusters ID ISLAND FORMATION; HUT CLUSTERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SI(001); CONFINEMENT; INTERFACES; DOTS AB Size selectable Ge nanoclusters are formed on Si using a buffer layer-assisted growth method. A condensed inert gas layer of xenon, with low surface free energy, was used as a buffer to prevent direct interactions of deposited Ge atoms with Si substrates during Ge nanocluster growth. The scanning tunneling microscope studies indicate absence of a strained wetting layer between Ge nanoclusters. These nanoclusters are substantially smaller and denser than the Ge hut clusters that are formed with the normal Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. The morphology of the nanoclusters can be tuned over a wide range, which is very desirable for studying the three-dimensional confinement effect. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Li, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed matter Sci Div, POB 2008,Bldg 3137, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012 OI Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 546 IS 2-3 BP L803 EP L807 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2003.09.029 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 746GQ UT WOS:000186739000003 ER PT J AU Brodie, JD Figueroa, E Dewey, SL AF Brodie, JD Figueroa, E Dewey, SL TI Treating cocaine addiction: From preclinical to clinical trial experience with gamma-vinyl GABA SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE cocaine addiction; gamma vinyl-GABA; GVG; vigabatrin; clinical trial ID NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS DOPAMINE; VISUAL-FIELD CONSTRICTION; INDUCED INCREASES; IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITOR; TRANSAMINASE INHIBITOR; VIGABATRIN; RATS; CONSUMPTION; EXPRESSION; ACID C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA. Clin Integral Tratamiento Contra Adicc, Mexicali 21120, Baja California, Mexico. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brodie, JD (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA. OI Brodie, Jonathan/0000-0002-2254-8654 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA15041] NR 37 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-4476 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD DEC 1 PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1002/syn.10278 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 734XH UT WOS:000186082900011 PM 14515344 ER PT J AU Song, JM Jagannathan, R Stokes, DL Kasili, PM Panjehpour, M Phan, MN Overholt, BF DeNovo, RC Pan, XG Lee, RJ Vo-Dinh, T AF Song, JM Jagannathan, R Stokes, DL Kasili, PM Panjehpour, M Phan, MN Overholt, BF DeNovo, RC Pan, XG Lee, RJ Vo-Dinh, T TI Development of a fluorescence detection system using optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser excitation for in vivo diagnosis SO TECHNOLOGY IN CANCER RESEARCH & TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE OPO laser; time-resolved detection; in vivo diagnosis; fluorescence multi spectral analyses; cancer diagnostics; porphyrins; 5-aminolevulinic acid ID PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; CANCER-DIAGNOSIS; LUNG-CANCER; SPECTROSCOPY; PORPHYRINS; DYSPLASIA; CARCINOMA; ESOPHAGUS AB In this work, the development and applications of a fluorescence detection system using optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser excitation for in vivo disease diagnosis including oral carcinoma are described. The optical diagnosis system was based on an OPO laser for multi-wavelength excitation and time-resolved detection. The pulsed Nd-YAG-pumped OPO laser system (6 ns, 20 Hz) is compact and has a rapid, broad, and uniform tuning range. Time-gated detection of intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) making use of external triggering was used to effectively eliminate the laser scattering and contribute to the highly sensitive in vivo measurements. Artificial tissue-simulating phantoms consisting of polystyrene microspheres and tissue fluorophores were tested to optimize the gating parameters. 51-ns gate width and 39-ns gate delays were determined to be the optimal parameters for sensitive detection. In vivo measurements with the optical diagnosis system were applied to esophagus, stomach, and small intestine using an endoscope in canine animal studies. The rapid tuning capability of the optical diagnosis system contributed greatly to the optimization of wavelength for the observation of porphyrin in the small intestine. When the small intestine was thoroughly washed with water, the emission band which corresponds to porphyrin disappeared. Based on this observation, it was concluded that the detected signal was yielded by porphyrin-containing bile secretion. Also, multispectral analyses using multiple excitations from 415 to 480 nm at 5 nm intervals confirmed the porphyrin detection in the small intestine. The optical diagnosis system was also applied to the detection of human xenograft of oral carcinoma in mice using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) which is a photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug. Significant differences in protoporphyrin IX fluorescence intensity between normal and tumor tissue could be obtained 2 hours after the injection of 5-ALA into mice due to the preferential accumulation of 5-ALA in tumors. Results reported herein demonstrate potential capabilities of the LIF-OPO system for in vivo disease diagnosis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Thompson Canc Survival Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. Univ Tennessee, Small Anim Clin, Coll Vet, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. Ohio State Univ, Div Pharmaceut, Coll Pharm, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bethel Valley Rd,MS-6101, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA88787-01] NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA SN 1533-0346 J9 TECHNOL CANCER RES T JI Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 2 IS 6 BP 515 EP 523 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 759VQ UT WOS:000187757900004 PM 14640763 ER PT J AU Newton, MD AF Newton, MD TI Electronic coupling in electron transfer and the influence of nuclear modes: theoretical and computational probes SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE electron transfer; electronic coupling matrix element; condon approximation; reaction coordinate; reorganization energy ID TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; GENERALIZED MULLIKEN-HUSH; DONOR-ACCEPTOR MOLECULES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLVATION; REORGANIZATION ENERGY; TRANSFER KINETICS; AB-INITIO; BIS(PENTAAMMINERUTHENIUM) COMPLEXES AB Long-range electronic coupling of local donor and acceptor sites is formulated in the context of thermal and optical electron transfer and then illustrated with examples based on electronic structure calculations. The relationship of the calculated results to available experimental kinetic and optical data is discussed in detail. The influence of nuclear modes on the magnitude of the coupling (i.e., departures from the Condon approximation) is investigated in terms of both discrete molecular modes and solvent modes, and a general expression is presented for the modulation of the superexchange tunneling gap by motion along the electron transfer reaction coordinate. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Newton, MD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 97 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 110 IS 5 BP 307 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s00214-003-0504-9 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 746YQ UT WOS:000186776900002 ER PT J AU Shen, J Schmetz, E Kawalkin, GJ Stiegel, GJ Noceti, RP Winslow, JC Kornosky, RM Krastman, D Venkataraman, VK Driscoll, DJ Cicero, DC Haslebacher, WF Hsieh, BCB Jain, SC Tennant, JB AF Shen, J Schmetz, E Kawalkin, GJ Stiegel, GJ Noceti, RP Winslow, JC Kornosky, RM Krastman, D Venkataraman, VK Driscoll, DJ Cicero, DC Haslebacher, WF Hsieh, BCB Jain, SC Tennant, JB TI Commercial deployment of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: the coproduction option SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE slurry-phase reactor; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; coproduction; reactor modeling; early entrance plant ID CATALYSTS; REACTORS; DESIGN; GAS AB The US Department of Energy ( DOE) has been supporting a program to develop a slurry-phase reactor to be incorporated into an integrated gasification and combined cycle ( IGCC) complex to coproduce electricity, fuels, and chemicals. This paper will review the highlights of the research, development, and demonstration activities performed under the program, with emphasis on activities related to the Fischer - Tropsch synthesis and reactor modeling. It will also highlight the results from a DOE/Texaco cosupported study to evaluate the feasibility of an early entrance coproduction plant to demonstrate the integrated operation of a coproduction complex at a commercially scalable unit. C1 US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. US DOE, NETL, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Shen, J (reprint author), US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1023/B:TOCA.0000012983.86034.d1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 766DL UT WOS:000188330100003 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA Hwang, KS Parker, JS AF Somorjai, GA Hwang, KS Parker, JS TI Restructuring of hydrogenation metal catalysts under the influence of CO and H-2 SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; hydrogenation; platinum; rhodium ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; INFRARED REFLECTION-ABSORPTION; STEPPED PLATINUM SURFACE; HIGH-PRESSURE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; PALLADIUM MEMBRANE; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM AB CO and H-2 structure and reactivity on single-crystal transition metal surfaces ( platinum, rhodium, and palladium) were examined by surface-sensitive techniques including scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and sum frequency generation (SFG) in high-pressure surface science studies. The studies indicated that ordered CO structures not observed in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) can form at high pressure (10(-6) - 10(3) torr). In addition, CO and H-2 induce metal atom mobility and restructure the surface. On platinum, CO dissociates at high temperature (greater than or equal to 500 K), and a platinum carbonyl precursor is implicated. Concerning catalytic reactions, structure sensitive CO dissociation plays an important role in the ignition of CO oxidation, whereas CO poisons olefin hydrogenation, which becomes CO desorption limited. Lastly, solid-state hydrogen atoms are more active for hydrogenation than surface hydrogen atoms. These results suggest that spatially and temporally resolved techniques would permit molecular studies of reaction intermediates of CO and H-2 in the future. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 22 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1023/B:TOCA.0000012989.45993.6d PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 766DL UT WOS:000188330100009 ER PT J AU Kim, CA Bowie, JU AF Kim, CA Bowie, JU TI SAM domains: uniform structure, diversity of function SO TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN; KINASE; DROSOPHILA; ASSOCIATION; FAMILY; SMAUG; MAE; SCM; TEL AB Sterile alpha motif (SAM) domains are known to exhibit diverse protein-protein interaction modes. They can form multiple self-association architectures and also bind to various non-SAM domain-containing proteins. Surprising new work adds a completely unanticipated function for some SAM domains - the ability to bind RNA. Such functional diversity within a homologous protein family presents a significant challenge for bioinformatic function assignment. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, DOE, Ctr Genomics & Prote,Mol Biol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bowie, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, DOE, Ctr Genomics & Prote,Mol Biol Inst, Boyer Hall,611 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA081000] NR 26 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0968-0004 J9 TRENDS BIOCHEM SCI JI Trends Biochem.Sci. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 28 IS 12 BP 625 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.tibs.2003.11.001 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 755XW UT WOS:000187437600001 PM 14659692 ER PT J AU Fast, JD AF Fast, JD TI Forecasts of valley circulations using the terrain-following and step-mountain vertical coordinates in the Meso-Eta Model SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-PREDICTION; NATIONAL-CENTERS; SYSTEM; VERIFICATION; SIMULATION; OROGRAPHY; EXAMPLES; CAMPAIGN; IMPACT; RAMS AB The nonhydrostatic version of the NCEP Meso-Eta Model is used to perform simulations that differ by only the vertical coordinate to determine the differences in forecasted valley circulations associated with the step-mountain and terrain-following vertical coordinates and whether one coordinate produces consistently superior forecasts at meso-gamma and micro-alpha scales. A horizontal grid spacing of 850 m is used. The model forecasts are evaluated using data from the October 2000 Vertical Transport and Mixing ( VTMX) field campaign in the Salt Lake valley. The forecasts of the diurnal evolution of the dominant circulations in the Salt Lake valley, including valley, slope, and canyon flows, and their modification by synoptic forcing during five intensive observation periods, were qualitatively similar to the measurements. Forecasts produced by the step-mountain and terrain-following vertical coordinates each have their own advantages and disadvantages and neither vertical coordinate outperformed the other overall. In general, the terrain-following coordinate simulations reproduced the observed surface wind directions over the valley sidewalls better, while the step-mountain coordinate simulations of nighttime near-surface temperatures and wind speeds were closer to the observations. Significant differences in wind speed and direction between the simulations were also produced in the middle valley atmosphere at night, with the terrain-following coordinate simulations somewhat better than the step-mountain coordinate simulations. Similar forecast errors produced by both simulations probably resulted from the physical parameterizations, rather than the choice of vertical coordinate. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1192 EP 1206 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1192:FOVCUT>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 753UZ UT WOS:000187250100011 ER PT J AU Dave, VR Cowles, JH Lindland, DS Shubert, GC Lin, W Hartman, DA AF Dave, VR Cowles, JH Lindland, DS Shubert, GC Lin, W Hartman, DA TI The financial impact of weld process modeling SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Ingenuim Technol Grp, Somers, CT USA. Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT USA. Edison Welding Inst, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Dave, VR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 12 BP 24 EP 27 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 748UK UT WOS:000186879300003 ER PT J AU Roe, JH Kingsbury, BA Herbert, NR AF Roe, JH Kingsbury, BA Herbert, NR TI Wetland and upland use patterns in semi-aquatic snakes: Implications for wetland conservation SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE copperbelly water snake; dispersal; GIS; migration; movement; nerodia erythrogaster neglecta; nerodia sipedon sipedon; northern water snake; palustrine; radiotelemetry; small wetlands; wetland; wetland conservation ID TERRESTRIAL BUFFER ZONES; HABITAT USE; TURTLE POPULATIONS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; NERODIA-SIPEDON; AQUATIC TURTLES; WATER SNAKE; LANDSCAPE; ECOLOGY; HYDROPERIOD AB Conservation efforts require detailed knowledge of a species' habitat use and movements about the landscape. We radio-tracked sympatric congeners,,the Copperbelly Water Snake (Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) and the Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) in northwestern Ohio and southern Michigan, USA, to investigate differences in the use of wetland and upland habitats between species. Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta used twice as many wetlands (4.1 +/- 0.4) as N. s. sipedon (2.1 +/- 0.3), moved between these wetlands three times more often (9.1 +/- 1.9 times) than N. s. sipedon (2.8 +/- 1.0 times), and moved to small wetlands seven times more often (3.6 +/- 0.7 times) than N. s. sipedon (0.5 +/- 0.3 times). Nearly 30% of N. e. neglecta locations were in uplands, sometimes over 100 m from the nearest wetland. Less than 3% of N. s. sipedon locations were in upland habitats, and all locations were < 30 m from wetlands. We simulated the impact of small wetland loss and demonstrated that N. e. neglecta would need to move longer than normal distances when traveling between wetlands after small wetlands are lost, while N. s. sipedon would not. The northernmost populations of N. e. neglecta are listed as federally threatened and state endangered in Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana; N. s. sipedon remains abundant in this region. Historic and current wetland losses in the midwestern United States may have severely impacted N. e. neglecta populations due to this species' high vagility and use of numerous wetlands. Protection and restoration of wetland landscapes are critical for the long-term persistence of many wetland-associated species, including N. e. neglecta. C1 Indiana Univ, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. RP Roe, JH (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM roe@srel.edu NR 51 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2003 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1014 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[1003:WAUUPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 766BU UT WOS:000188326200028 ER PT J AU Klein, M AF Klein, M TI On supersymmetry breaking in intersecting brane models SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry breaking; d-brane models AB We discuss a framework to analyze the transmission of supersymmetry breaking in models of intersecting D-branes. Generically, different intersections preserve different fractions of an extended bulk supersymmetry, thus breaking supersymmetry completely but in a nonlocal way. We analyze this mechanism in a 5D toy model where two brane intersections, which are separated in the fifth dimension, break different halves of an extended N = 2 supersymmetry. The sector of the theory on one brane intersection feels the breakdown of the residual N = 1 supersymmetry only through two-loop interactions involving a coupling to fields from the other intersection. We compute the diagrams that contribute to scalar masses on one intersection and find that the masses are proportional to the compactification scale up to logarithmic corrections. We also compute the three-loop diagrams relevant to the Casimir energy between the two intersections and find a repulsive Casimir force. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Klein, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM mklein@slac.stanford.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 EI 1793-6632 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 36 BP 2545 EP 2554 DI 10.1142/S0217732303012258 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 748HJ UT WOS:000186856200002 ER PT J AU Manaa, MR AF Manaa, MR TI C48N12 and C48B12 as a donor-acceptor pair for molecular electronics SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY AB B3LYP/6-31G* calculations show that the most stable structures of C48B12 and C48N12 can still be considered as acceptor and donor, respectively. The rectifier property, however, whose typical characteristic is the energy difference between acceptor, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the donor, highest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level is calculated to be 0.82 eV, several order of magnitude larger than the 0.14 eV value calculated recently for less stable isomers at the same level of theory. This requires the application of a much larger voltage bias for the C48B12 and C48N12 pair to be considered as valid components in molecular electronics. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Manaa, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 808,7000 East Ave,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM manaa1@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 382 IS 1-2 BP 194 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.10.074 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 748HC UT WOS:000186855600028 ER PT J AU Jarman, KH Daly, DS Anderson, KK Wahl, KL AF Jarman, KH Daly, DS Anderson, KK Wahl, KL TI A new approach to automated peak detection SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE peak detection; peak identification; matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry; MALDI mass spectrometry ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; RECOGNITION; SPECTRA AB Spectral peak detection algorithms are often difficult to automate because they either rely on somewhat arbitrary rules, or are tuned to specific spectral peak properties. One popular approach detects peaks where signal intensities exceed some threshold. This threshold is typically set arbitrarily above the noise level or manually by the user. Intensity threshold-based methods can be sensitive to baseline variations and signal intensity. Another popular peak detection approach relies on matching the spectral intensities to a reference peak shape. This approach can be very sensitive to baseline changes and deviations from the reference peak shape. Such methods can be significantly challenged by modem analytical instrumentation where the baseline tends to drift, peaks of interest may have a low signal to noise (S/N) ratio, and no well-defined reference peak shape is available. We present a new approach for spectral peak detection that is designed to be generic and easily automated. Employing a histogram-based model for spectral intensity, peaks are detected by comparing the estimated variance of observations (the x-axis of the spectrum) to the expected variance when no peak is present inside some window of interest. We compare an implementation of this approach to two existing peak detection algorithms using a series of simulated spectra. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jarman, KH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K5-12, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Anderson, Kevin/0000-0001-5613-5893 NR 13 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0169-7439(03)00113-8 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 742RZ UT WOS:000186533000006 ER PT J AU Harris, DJ Assink, RA Gillen, KT AF Harris, DJ Assink, RA Gillen, KT TI H-1 T-2-NMR monitoring of crosslinked polyolefin aging SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NMR; polyethylene (PE); polyolefins; degradation; irradiation ID H-1-NMR-SPIN-SPIN RELAXATION; TRANSVERSAL H-1-NMR; MC-DETERMINATION; NMR; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); ELASTOMERS; DENSITY; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS AB This work examines the correlation between the H-1-NMR T-2 relaxation constant and the mechanical properties of aged crosslinked polyolefin cable insulation. T-2 experiments on unswollen samples could not differentiate between unaged and highly aged materials; all exhibited H-1 T-2 constants of approximately 0.5 ms. To accentuate the effects of aging, samples were swollen in various solvents. Unaged samples had T-2 values of approximately 15 ms in good solvents. With thermal aging, T-2 values decreased as the ultimate tensile elongation decreased. However, the correlation between T-2 and elongation differed for samples irradiated with high-energy radiation and for materials aged above versus below the crystalline melting temperature. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Harris, DJ (reprint author), FM Res, 1151 Boston Providence Turnpike, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 90 IS 9 BP 2578 EP 2582 DI 10.1002/app.12872 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 728JX UT WOS:000185715000036 ER PT J AU Fateev, VA Onofri, E AF Fateev, VA Onofri, E TI An eigenvalue problem related to the non-linear sigma-model: analytical and numerical results SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID INTEGRABLE DEFORMATIONS; 2 DIMENSIONS; STRINGS; FIELDS AB An eigenvalue problem relevant for the non-linear sigma model with singular metric is considered. We prove the existence of a non-degenerate pure point spectrum for all finite values of the size R of the system. In the infrared (IR) regime (large R) the eigenvalues admit a power series expansion around the IR critical point R --> infinity. We compute high order coefficients and prove that the series converges for all finite values of R. In the ultraviolet (UV) limit the spectrum condenses into a continuum spectrum with a set of residual bound states. The spectrum agrees nicely with the central charge computed by the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz method. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, Phys Math Lab, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Coll Parma, I-43100 Parma, Italy. RP Fateev, VA (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, Phys Math Lab, Pl E Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France. EM fateev@lpm.univ-montp2.fr; onofri@unipr.it RI Fateev, Vladimir/E-1855-2012 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 47 BP 11881 EP 11899 AR PII S0305-4470(03)66032-4 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/36/47/014 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 764ET UT WOS:000188194800016 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ Morgan, SE Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Shen, BC del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Clark, PJ Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Grenier, P Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Biasini, M Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Pioppi, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Won, E Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote-Ahern, D Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Tanaka, HA Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Lodovico, FD Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ Morgan, SE Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Shen, BC del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Clark, PJ Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Grenier, P Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Biasini, M Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Pioppi, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Won, E Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote-Ahern, D Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Tanaka, HA Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Lodovico, FD Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Evidence for the rare decay B -> K(*)l(+)l(-) and measurement of the B -> Kl(+)l(-) branching fraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUM-RULE ANALYSIS; LIGHT-CONE QCD; STANDARD MODEL; B->KL(+)L(-); B->K-ASTERISK-L(+)L(-) AB We present evidence for the flavor-changing neutral current decay B-->K-*.(+).(-) and a measurement of the branching fraction for the related process B-->K.(+).(-), where .(+).(-) is either an e(+)e(-) or a mu(+)mu(-) pair. These decays are highly suppressed in the standard model, and they are sensitive to contributions from new particles in the intermediate state. The data sample comprises 123x10(6) Y(4S)-->B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II e(+)e(-) storage ring. Averaging over K-(*) isospin and lepton flavor, we obtain the branching fractions B(B-->Kl(+)l(-))=(0.65(-0.13)(+0.14)+/-0.04)x10(-6) and B(B-->K(*)l(+)l(-))=(0.88(-0.29)(+0.33)+/-0.10)x10(-6), where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The significance of the B-->Kl(+)l(-) signal is over 8sigma, while for B-->K(*)l(+)l(-) it is 3.3sigma. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 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Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012 OI Mackay, Catherine/0000-0003-4252-6740; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Watson, Nigel/0000-0002-8142-4678; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; NR 26 TC 205 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 22 AR 221802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.221802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747JR UT WOS:000186801900007 PM 14683353 ER PT J AU Bakos, T Rashkeev, SN Pantelides, ST AF Bakos, T Rashkeev, SN Pantelides, ST TI Role of electronic versus atomic relaxations in Stokes shifts at defects in solids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOLE-CENTERS; LUMINESCENCE; DYNAMICS; SILICA; SIO2 AB Redshifts of luminescence relative to optical absorption bands (Stokes shifts) of molecules and of defects in solids are universally attributed to slow atomic relaxations on the grounds that electronic transitions are fast (Franck-Condon principle). Here we report a novel phenomenon that can occur only in the solid state: Stokes shifts caused by slow electronic relaxations. We demonstrate that the phenomenon occurs in the nonbridging oxygen defect in amorphous SiO2. We predict that another defect (OH group), which can exist in either crystalline or amorphous SiO2, has a similar Stokes shift, but it arises from a mix of lattice and electronic relaxations with manifest differences in the two phases. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bakos, T (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 22 AR 226402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.226402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747JR UT WOS:000186801900036 PM 14683258 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Qiu, JW AF Berger, EL Qiu, JW TI Differential cross sections for Higgs boson production at Tevatron Collider energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS; TO-LEADING-ORDER; HADRON-HADRON COLLISIONS; GLUON FINAL-STATES; QCD CORRECTIONS; LOGARITHMIC CORRECTIONS; PROTON COLLIDERS; LHC; RESUMMATION; FUSION AB The transverse momentum Q(T) distribution is computed for inclusive Higgs boson production at rootS=1.96 TeV. We include all-orders resummation of large logarithms associated with emission of soft gluons at small Q(T). We provide results for Higgs boson and Z(*) masses from M-Z to 200 GeV. The relatively hard transverse momentum distribution for Higgs boson production suggests possibilities for improvement of the signal to background ratio. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 22 AR 222003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.222003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747JR UT WOS:000186801900010 PM 14683232 ER PT J AU Farnan, GA Fu, CL Gai, Z Krcmar, M Baddorf, AP Zhang, ZY Shen, J AF Farnan, GA Fu, CL Gai, Z Krcmar, M Baddorf, AP Zhang, ZY Shen, J TI Electronic stability of magnetic Fe/Co superlattices with monatomic layer alternation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; FILMS; ALLOY; FE; FABRICATION; CU(100); CU(001); GROWTH; CO; CU AB We report a surprising observation that the growth of the [Fe(1 ML)/Co(1 ML)](n) superlattice of L1(0) structure on Cu(100) is stable only up to six atomic layers (n=3), which cannot be rationalized by stress arguments. Instead, first-principles calculations reveal a transition from the L1(0) to the B2 structure due to the effect of dimensionality on the stability of the electronic structure of the superlattice. Whereas the majority-spin electrons are energetically insensitive to the layer thickness, the minority-spin electrons induce the transition at n=3. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Peking Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Farnan, GA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Gai, Zheng/B-5327-2012; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Gai, Zheng/0000-0002-6099-4559; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 22 AR 226106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.226106 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747JR UT WOS:000186801900033 PM 14683255 ER PT J AU Fatemi, R Skabelin, AV Burkert, VD Crabb, D Vita, RD Kuhn, SE Minehart, R Adams, G Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Bertozzi, W Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bosted, PE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Brooks, WK Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Ciciani, L Clark, R Cole, PL Coleman, A Connelly, J Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Farhi, L Feuerbach, RJ Freyberger, A Ficenec, J Forest, TA Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Gordon, CIO Griffioen, KA Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hancock, D Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Keith, C Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Koubarovski, V Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Longhi, A Lukashin, K Major, W Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Morand, L Morrow, SA Muccifora, V Mueller, J Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Brien, JT O'Rielly, GV Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Rock, SE Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Seely, M Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Smith, ES Smith, T Smith, LC Sober, DI Sorrel, L Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strauch, S Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z AF Fatemi, R Skabelin, AV Burkert, VD Crabb, D Vita, RD Kuhn, SE Minehart, R Adams, G Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Bertozzi, W Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bosted, PE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Brooks, WK Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Ciciani, L Clark, R Cole, PL Coleman, A Connelly, J Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Eugenio, P Farhi, L Feuerbach, RJ Freyberger, A Ficenec, J Forest, TA Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Gordon, CIO Griffioen, KA Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hancock, D Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ilieva, Y Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Keith, C Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Koubarovski, V Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Longhi, A Lukashin, K Major, W Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Morand, L Morrow, SA Muccifora, V Mueller, J Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Brien, JT O'Rielly, GV Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Rock, SE Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Seely, M Serov, VS Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Smith, ES Smith, T Smith, LC Sober, DI Sorrel, L Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strauch, S Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z CA CLAS Collaboration TI Measurement of the proton spin structure function g(1)(x,Q(2)) for Q(2) from 0.15 to 1.6 GeV2 with CLAS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUM-RULE; MAGNETIC MOMENTS; NUCLEON; SCATTERING; ASYMMETRY AB Double-polarization asymmetries for inclusive ep scattering were measured at Jefferson Lab using 2.6 and 4.3 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons incident on a longitudinally polarized NH3 target in the CLAS detector. The polarized structure function g(1)(x,Q(2)) was extracted throughout the nucleon resonance region and into the deep inelastic regime, for Q(2)=0.15-1.64 GeV2. The contributions to the first moment Gamma(1)(Q(2))=integralg(1)(x,Q(2)) dx were determined up to Q(2)=1.2 GeV2. Using a parametrization for g(1) in the unmeasured low x regions, the complete first moment was estimated over this Q(2) region. A rapid change in Gamma(1) is observed for Q(2)<1 GeV2, with a sign change near Q(2)=0.3 GeV2, indicating dominant contributions from the resonance region. At Q(2)=1.2 GeV2 our data are below the perturbative QCD evolved scaling value. C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl Orsay, Orsay, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Fatemi, R (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RI Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Auger, Thierry/L-1073-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015; OI Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013; Hyde, Charles/0000-0001-7282-8120; Bellis, Matthew/0000-0002-6353-6043 NR 27 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 22 AR 222002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.222002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747JR UT WOS:000186801900009 PM 14683231 ER PT J AU Hagberg, A Meron, E AF Hagberg, A Meron, E TI Vortex-pair dynamics in anisotropic bistable media: A kinematic approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REACTION-DIFFUSION SYSTEM; ROTATING MAGNETIC-FIELD; FRONT BIFURCATIONS; PATTERN-FORMATION; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; CURVED FRONTS; EQUATIONS; TRANSITIONS; PROPAGATION; TURBULENCE AB In isotropic bistable media, a vortex pair typically evolves into rotating spiral waves. In an anisotropic system, instead of spiral waves, the vortices can form wave fragments that propagate with a constant speed in a given direction determined by the system's anisotropy. The fragments may propagate invariably, shrink, or expand. We develop a kinematic approach for the study of vortex-pair dynamics in anisotropic bistable media and use it to capture the wave fragment dynamics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, BIDR, Dept Solar Energy & Environm Phys, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Hagberg, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI MERON, EHUD/F-1810-2012 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 22 AR 224503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.224503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747JR UT WOS:000186801900022 PM 14683244 ER PT J AU Htoon, H Hollingsworth, JA Dickerson, R Klimov, VI AF Htoon, H Hollingsworth, JA Dickerson, R Klimov, VI TI Effect of zero- to one-dimensional transformation on multiparticle Auger recombination in semiconductor quantum rods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED-EMISSION; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; DOTS; LIGHT AB We study the effect of the zero- to one-dimensional (1D) transformation on multiparticle Auger recombination using a series of elongated semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum rods). We observe a transition from the three- to two-particle recombination process as the nanocrystal aspect ratio is increased. This transition indicates that in the 1D confinement limit, Auger decay is dominated by Coulomb interactions between 1D excitons that recombine in a bimolecular fashion. One consequence of this effect is strongly reduced decay rates of higher multiparticle states that lead to increased optical-gain lifetimes and efficient light amplification due to involvement of excited electronic states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Htoon, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 167 Z9 168 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 22 AR 227401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.227401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747JR UT WOS:000186801900048 PM 14683270 ER PT J AU Jiang, CL Esbensen, H Rehm, KE Back, BB Janssens, RVF Caggiano, JA Collon, P Greene, J Heinz, AM Henderson, DJ Nishinaka, I Pennington, TO Seweryniak, D AF Jiang, CL Esbensen, H Rehm, KE Back, BB Janssens, RVF Caggiano, JA Collon, P Greene, J Heinz, AM Henderson, DJ Nishinaka, I Pennington, TO Seweryniak, D TI Comment on "Unexpected behavior of heavy-ion fusion cross sections at extreme sub-barrier energies" - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jiang, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 22 AR 229202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.229202 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747JR UT WOS:000186801900055 ER PT J AU Berry, EA Huang, LS AF Berry, EA Huang, LS TI Observations concerning the quinol oxidation site of the cytochrome bc(1) complex SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Nobel Symposium on Membrane Proteins: Structure Function and Assembly (126) CY AUG 22-24, 2003 CL FRIIBERGHS HERRGARD, SWEDEN DE ubiquinone; cytochrome c; oxidoreductase; membrane protein complex; respiratory enzyme; protein crystal; X-ray; structure; mechanism; tautomerisrn; resonance ID IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY-CHAIN; BOVINE HEART-MITOCHONDRIA; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DOMAIN MOVEMENT; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; UBIQUINOL OXIDATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HYDROGEN-BONDS; Q0 SITE AB A direct hydrogen bond between ubiquinone/quinol bound at the Q(O) site and a cluster-ligand histidine of the iron-sulfur protein (ISP) is described as a major determining factor explaining much experimental data on position of the ISP ectodomain, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) lineshape and midpoint potential of the iron-sulfur cluster, and the mechanism of the bifurcated electron transfer from ubiquinol to the high and low potential chains of the be, complex. (C) 2003 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berry, EA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 64R121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK44842] NR 38 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 555 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01099-8 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 748NH UT WOS:000186867600004 PM 14630312 ER PT J AU Brunger, AT DeLaBarre, B AF Brunger, AT DeLaBarre, B TI NSF and p97/VCP: similar at first, different at last SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Nobel Symposium on Membrane Proteins: Structure Function and Assembly (126) CY AUG 22-24, 2003 CL FRIIBERGHS HERRGARD, SWEDEN DE AAA protein; vesicle fusion; membrane protein extraction; endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation ID SENSITIVE FUSION PROTEIN; MITOTIC GOLGI FRAGMENTS; AAA-ATPASE P97; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TERMINAL DOMAIN; MEMBRANE-FUSION; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; PRECURSOR PROTEIN AB N-Ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) and p97/ valosin-containing protein (VCP) are distantly related members of the ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities (AAA) family of proteins. While both proteins have been implied in cellular morphology changes involving membrane compartments or vesicles, more recent evidence seems to imply that NSF is primarily involved in the soluble NSF attachment receptor (SNARE)-mediated vesicle fusion by disassembling the SNARE complex whereas p97/VCP is primarily involved in the extraction of membrane proteins. These functional differences are now corroborated by major structural differences based on recent crystallographic and cryo-electron microscopy studies. This review discusses these recent findings. (C) 2003 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Brunger, AT (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, James H Clark Ctr E300-C,318 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. OI Brunger, Axel/0000-0001-5121-2036 FU NIMH NIH HHS [1-R01-MH63105-01] NR 60 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 555 IS 1 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01107-4 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 748NH UT WOS:000186867600024 PM 14630332 ER PT J AU Hirata, S Zhan, CG Apra, E Windus, TL Dixon, DA AF Hirata, S Zhan, CG Apra, E Windus, TL Dixon, DA TI A new, self-contained asymptotic correction scheme to exchange-correlation potentials for time-dependent density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET REGION; FREE-BASE PORPHIN; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; DYNAMIC POLARIZABILITIES; THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; RESPONSE THEORY; EXCITED-STATES; BENZENE VAPOR AB By combining the asymptotic correction scheme of Casida and Salahub for exchange-correlation potentials and the phenomenological linear correlation between experimental ionization potentials and highest occupied Kohn-Sham (KS) orbital energies found by Zhan, Nichols, and Dixon, we propose a new, expedient, and self-contained asymptotic correction to exchange-correlation potentials in KS density functional theory (DFT) for use in time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) that does not require an ionization potential as an external parameter from a separate calculation. The asymptotically corrected (TD)DFT method is implemented in the quantum chemistry program suite NWChem for both sequential and massively parallel execution. The asymptotic correction scheme combined with the B3LYP functional [B3LYP(AC)] is shown to be well balanced for both valence- and Rydberg-type transitions, with average errors in excitation energies of CO, N-2, CH2O, and C2H4 being smaller than those of uncorrected BLYP and B3LYP TDDFT by factors of 4 and 2, respectively, consistent with the improved orbital energies found for B3LYP(AC). We demonstrate the general applicability and accuracy of the method for the Rydberg excited states of mono- to tetrafluorinated methanes, the valence and Rydberg excited states of benzene, and the Q, B, N, and L band positions of free-base porphin. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhan, CG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Apra, Edoardo/F-2135-2010 OI Apra, Edoardo/0000-0001-5955-0734 NR 54 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 47 BP 10154 EP 10158 DI 10.1021/jp035667x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 746RU UT WOS:000186762100020 ER PT J AU Matranga, C Chen, L Smith, M Bittner, E Johnson, JK Bockrath, B AF Matranga, C Chen, L Smith, M Bittner, E Johnson, JK Bockrath, B TI Trapped CO2 in carbon nanotube bundles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; METHANE MOBILITY; ADSORPTION; C-60; SPECTROSCOPY; GASES; SPECTRA; TRANSITIONS; INTENSITIES; ABSORPTION AB An infrared spectroscopic study Of CO2 that becomes permanently trapped in carbon nanotube bundles during thermolysis is reported. The temperature dependence of the nu(3) modes for trapped CO2 is studied with two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy. Computer simulations are used to extract the basic physics of trapped CO2 and to make qualitative connections with changes seen in the infrared spectra. Experimental and simulated CO2 adsorption studies point to a sequential filling of adsorption sites in opened nanotubes with interstitial sites preceding endohedral sites. The limited number of sites available to the trapped CO2 species is used to facilitate a tentative assignment of vibrational peaks to specific sites in the nanotube bundles. C1 United States Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP United States Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM matranga@netl.doe.gov RI Chen, Liang/B-3418-2008; Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015; Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Matranga, Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938; Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 47 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 47 BP 12930 EP 12941 DI 10.1021/jp0364654 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 746RV UT WOS:000186762200005 ER PT J AU Wilcoxon, JP Provencio, P AF Wilcoxon, JP Provencio, P TI Etching and aging effects in nanosize Au clusters investigated using high-resolution size-exclusion chromatography SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTAL GOLD MOLECULES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; INFRARED LUMINESCENCE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NANOCLUSTERS; NANOPARTICLES; SUPERLATTICES; PLATINUM; SPECTRA AB We report experiments using high-resolution size exclusion chromatography (HRSEC), dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the effects of aging of Au nanoclusters in the presence of surfactant ligands. We first describe our observations of the role of thiols as etchants to produce clusters in a micelle-free synthesis by reduction of a metal-organic precursor. Clusters with large abundances are identified using HRSEC, and their sizes and optical properties are reported. The smallest, D-c similar to 1 nm molecular sized An clusters, with approximately I closed atomic shell, N similar to 13 atoms, have nonclassical features in their room temperature absorbance spectra. The other dominant sub-populations also correspond closely to closed-shell structural stabilities. We show that, contrary to the expectation that aging in solution will always broaden the size dispersion and increase the average size (Ostwald ripening), a narrowing of the size dispersion and change in average size can occur with time under ambient conditions. In the presence of various chain length alkanethiols, an etching and size decrease usually occurs; in the case of weakly bound alkylated poly(ethylene oxide) surfactants, an increase in size with time is observed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1122, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilcoxon, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1122, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 29 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 47 BP 12949 EP 12957 DI 10.1021/jp027575y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 746RV UT WOS:000186762200007 ER PT J AU Lu, T Goldfield, EM Gray, SK AF Lu, T Goldfield, EM Gray, SK TI Quantum states of molecular hydrogen and its isotopes in single-walled carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; STORAGE; ADSORPTION; ENERGY; PHYSISORPTION AB Quantum mechanical energy levels are computed for the hydrogen molecule and its homonuclear isotopes confined within nanotubes of various sizes and structures. A realistic many-body potential is used to compute the interactions between the atoms of the diatomic and the nanotube carbons. Two translational and two rotational degrees of freedom are treated explicitly. Zero-pressure quantum sieving selectivities are computed from the energy levels. The effects of including both translation and rotation are discussed. The effect of confinement on the ortho/para splitting of hydrogen is also discussed. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Goldfield, EM (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 47 BP 12989 EP 12995 DI 10.1021/jp030601n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 746RV UT WOS:000186762200012 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Wilder, JW Smith, DH AF Zhang, W Wilder, JW Smith, DH TI Methane hydrate-ice equilibria in porous media SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SILICA-GELS; PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES AB Reported in this work are equilibrium pressures for the dissociation of methane hydrate confined in silica gel pores of nominal radii 7.5, 5.0, 3.0, or 2.0 nm. Also reported are equilibrium pressures for a sample containing a mixture of silica gel with nominal radii of 7.5 and 3.0 nm. Each of these porous media contained a broad distribution of pore radii. At higher temperatures, where the equilibria involved hydrate and liquid water, the pressures were larger than those for bulk hydrate at the corresponding temperature, and in general increased with a decrease in nominal pore radius. At lower temperatures where the equilibria involved ice, the pressures were identical (within expected experimental uncertainties) for all of the silica gels, and were the same as those reported in the literature for bulk methane hydrate. The independence of the equilibrium pressure from pore size at lower temperatures (where the equilibrium involved ice) indicates that for temperatures below the quadruple point temperature of the smallest hydrate containing pore, there is no detectable effect on the equilibrium pressure due to the restricted geometries of the porous media. This result suggests (1) that the interface relevant to the decomposition of hydrate in silica gel pores is that between the hydrate and the aqueous phase, as suggested by Henry et al.,(1) and either (2a) that within experimental error the surface energy between the hydrate and the aqueous phase can be approximated by that between ice and the appropriate aqueous phase or (2b) that costheta for the contact angle of the hydrate-ice interface silica gel is approximately zero. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Parsons Infrastruct & Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Math, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Smith, DH (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 47 BP 13084 EP 13089 DI 10.1021/jp0349278 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 746RV UT WOS:000186762200024 ER PT J AU Link, JM Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Machado, AA Pepe, IM Polycarpo, E dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Segoni, I Wahl, M Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Wang, M Benussi, L Bertani, M Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Reyes, M Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chang, CH Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Boschini, M Cerutti, A D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Pegna, DL Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Luiggi, E Mendez, H Paris, A Quinones, J Ramirez, JE Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Vaandering, EW Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, JM Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Machado, AA Pepe, IM Polycarpo, E dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Segoni, I Wahl, M Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Wang, M Benussi, L Bertani, M Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Reyes, M Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chang, CH Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Boschini, M Cerutti, A D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Pegna, DL Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Luiggi, E Mendez, H Paris, A Quinones, J Ramirez, JE Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Vaandering, EW Webster, M Sheaff, M CA FOCUS Collaboration TI Study of the decay mode D-0 -> K-K-K+pi(+) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID 2-BODY NONLEPTONIC DECAYS; D-MESONS AB Using data from the FOCUS (E831) experiment at Fermilab, we present a new measurement of the branching ratio for the Cabibbo-favored decay mode D-0 --> K- K- K+ pi(+). From a sample of 143 +/- 19 fully reconstructed D-0 --> K- K- K+ pi(+) events, we measure Gamma(D-0 --> K- K- K+ pi(+))/Gamma(D-0 --> K- pi(-) pi(+) pi(+)) = 0.00257 +/- 0.00034(stat.) +/- 0.00024(syst.). A coherent amplitude analysis has been performed to determine the resonant substructure of this decay mode. This analysis reveals a dominant contribution from phi and (K) over bar*(0)(892) states. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Guanajuato, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Dipartimento Fis Teorica & Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP dos Reis, AC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM alberto@cbpf.br RI Menasce, Dario Livio/A-2168-2016; Gianini, Gabriele/M-5195-2014; Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016 OI Menasce, Dario Livio/0000-0002-9918-1686; Gianini, Gabriele/0000-0001-5186-0199; Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; bianco, stefano/0000-0002-8300-4124; Kryemadhi, Abaz/0000-0002-1240-2803; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 575 IS 3-4 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j,physletb.2003.09.054 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 743MN UT WOS:000186575800006 ER PT J AU Ethvignot, T Devlin, M Drosg, R Granier, T Haight, RC Morillon, B Nelson, RO O'Donnell, JM Rochman, D AF Ethvignot, T Devlin, M Drosg, R Granier, T Haight, RC Morillon, B Nelson, RO O'Donnell, JM Rochman, D TI Prompt-fission-neutron average energy for U-238(n, f) from threshold to 200 MeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE neutron-induced fission; FIGARO; double time-of-flight technique; Los Alamos model; Watt parametrization ID SPECTRA; MODEL AB Energy distributions of prompt neutrons in coincidence with fission induced on U-238 were measured for incident neutron energies up to 200 MeV The double time-of-flight technique was used to deduce incident and emitted neutron energies. The experimental average and standard deviations of the fission neutron spectra (FNS), for emitted neutron energies from 0.65 to 7.5 MeV, are reported. The results compare well to predictive calculations with the improved Los Alamos model below 20 MeV incident neutron energy. The observed dip at the opening of the second chance fission channel at 6 MeV is confirmed and analyzed. Above 20 MeV, the experimental results of the FNS are smaller than the calculated ones. At 50 MeV and higher, the data suggest a slight increase of the temperature and the kinetic energy of the fission fragments. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 DAM Ile France, Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ethvignot, T (reprint author), DAM Ile France, Commissariat Energie Atom, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM thierry.ethvignot@cea.fr RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 575 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.09.048 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 743MN UT WOS:000186575800009 ER PT J AU Karliner, M Lipkin, HJ AF Karliner, M Lipkin, HJ TI A diquark-triquark model for the KN pentaquark SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; SKYRME MODEL; MASSES; DECUPLET AB We propose a model for the recently discovered Theta(+) exotic K N resonance as a novel kind of a pentaquark with an unusual color structure: a (3) over bar (c) ud diquark, coupled to 3(c) ud (s) over bar triquark in a relative P-wave. The state has J(P) = 1/2(+), I = 0 and is an antidecuplet of SU(3)(f). A rough mass estimate of this pentaquark is close to experiment. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Karliner, M (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 28 TC 240 Z9 242 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 27 PY 2003 VL 575 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.09.062 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 743MN UT WOS:000186575800013 ER PT J AU Zaharia, S Cheng, CZ AF Zaharia, S Cheng, CZ TI Can an isotropic plasma pressure distribution be in force balance with the T96 model field? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE empirical models; plasma pressure; force balance; 3-D equilibrium ID MAGNETOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; ALIGNED CURRENTS; EULER POTENTIALS; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; QUANTITATIVE MODELS; CURRENT SYSTEMS; AURORAL OVAL; SHEET; QUIET; MAGNETOTAIL AB In this paper we investigate how close the gradient force of an isotropic pressure distribution P can be in force balance with the magnetic (Lorentz) force in the T96 empirical model. The study leads to the conclusion that no isotropic pressure can be found in exact force balance with the magnetic field of the quiet time T96 model. The conclusion is derived from several analyses: ( 1) computing the loop integral of J x B from the model along a closed contour in the equatorial plane ( the integral should vanish if J x B = delP); (2) obtaining one-dimensional profiles for P on the Sun-Earth axis by integrating delP = J x B and comparing them with observations; and (3) decomposing J x B into gradient-free and curl-free terms (the former term would be zero in an exact equilibrium) and subsequently computing the two terms by solving a Poisson-like equation with constraints. Possible physical reasons for our finding that no P exists such that J x B = delP include small mass flows as well as nonisotropic ( and possibly even nongyrotropic) terms in the magnetospheric pressure tensor. While the lack of exact force balance with isotropic P will probably be not too serious for many situations, for some physical applications, such as the computation of Birkeland currents using the Vasyliunas relation, care must be exercised if one uses the model field in conjunction with isotropic pressure. Finally, we discuss possible ways of computing magnetospheric configurations in exact force balance with isotropic P by using empirical model fields as a starting point. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM szaharia@lanl.gov; fcheng@pppl.gov RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A11 AR 1412 DI 10.1029/2002JA009501 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 749RQ UT WOS:000186943000001 ER PT J AU Ji, N Ostroverkhov, V Lagugne-Labarthet, F Shen, YR AF Ji, N Ostroverkhov, V Lagugne-Labarthet, F Shen, YR TI Surface vibrational spectroscopy on shear-aligned poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORIENTED GROWTH; THIN; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; RESOLUTION; MOLECULES; SPECTRUM C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shen, YR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 47 BP 14218 EP 14219 DI 10.1021/ja037964l PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 745ZU UT WOS:000186722200004 PM 14624537 ER PT J AU Nishiyama, Y Sugiyama, J Chanzy, H Langan, P AF Nishiyama, Y Sugiyama, J Chanzy, H Langan, P TI Crystal structure and hydrogen bonding system in cellulose 1(alpha), from synchrotron X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NATIVE RAMIE CELLULOSE; C-13 NMR-SPECTRUM; I-ALPHA; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CELL-WALL; HALOCYNTHIA-PAPILLOSA; COMPLETE ASSIGNMENT; VALONIA CELLULOSE; PACKING ANALYSIS; BETA AB The crystal and molecular structure, together with the hydrogen-bonding system in cellulose I-alpha has been determined using atomic-resolution synchrotron and neutron diffraction data recorded from oriented fibrous samples prepared by aligning cellulose microcrystals from the cell wall of the freshwater alga Glaucocystis nostochinearum. The X-ray data were used to determine the C and O atom positions. The resulting structure is a one-chain triclinic unit cell with all glucosyl linkages and hydroxymethyl groups (tg) identical. However, adjacent sugar rings alternate in conformation giving the chain a cellobiosyl repeat. The chains organize in sheets packed in a "parallel-up" fashion. The positions of hydrogen atoms involved in hydrogen-bonding were determined from a Fourier-difference analysis using neutron diffraction data collected from hydrogenated and deuterated samples. The differences between the structure and hydrogen-bonding reported here for cellulose I-alpha and previously for cellulose I-beta provide potential explanations for the solid-state conversion of I-alpha --> I-beta and for the occurrence of two crystal phases in naturally occurring cellulose. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biomat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Wood Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. RP Langan, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/A-3492-2012; Chanzy, Henri/A-3526-2012; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/0000-0003-4069-2307; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 48 TC 633 Z9 654 U1 27 U2 250 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 26 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 47 BP 14300 EP 14306 DI 10.1021/ja037055w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 745ZU UT WOS:000186722200045 PM 14624578 ER PT J AU Romig, AD Dugger, MT McWhorter, PJ AF Romig, AD Dugger, MT McWhorter, PJ TI Materials issues in microelectromechanical devices: science, engineering, manufacturability and reliability SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE MEMS; micromachines; reliability; friction; adhesion; stiction; wear; manufacturability ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; MICROMECHANICAL STRUCTURES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CRACK-GROWTH; DRY RELEASE; SURFACE; POLYSILICON; ADHESION; FILMS AB MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology offers considerable potential throughout the manufacturing sector, because of certain intrinsic advantages in terms of low cost, reliability, and small size. Relatively simple MEMS are used in applications ranging from automobile air bag sensors to electronic games. Considerably more complex devices have been designed for defense applications, for which government funding is available; however, the fledgling industry suffers from insufficient knowledge of materials physics at micrometer size and from the fact that currently commercialized MEMS devices are designed for specialized and rather disparate purposes, do not have a broad user base, and therefore have not generated industry standards or the design and process software that would be built upon those industry standards. In addition to industry standards, further advances in MEMS technology require a more complete understanding of the physics underlying performance and reliability. The first half of this paper reviews general issues related to fabrication and commercialization; the second half addresses the technical materials issues that relate to MEMS performance and reliability. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MEMX Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Romig, AD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM adromig@sandia.gov NR 89 TC 104 Z9 113 U1 3 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 19 BP 5837 EP 5866 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00440-3 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 743ZF UT WOS:000186603200009 ER PT J AU Jiles, DC AF Jiles, DC TI Recent advances and future directions in magnetic materials SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Review DE magnetic properties; hard magnets; magnetoresistance; magnetostriction; soft magnets ID COVERED AMORPHOUS WIRES; SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; GIANT MAGNETOIMPEDANCE; PERMANENT-MAGNETS; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR; SPIN VALVES; MAGNETOSTRICTIVE TRANSDUCERS; SATURATION MAGNETOSTRICTION; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS AB This paper reviews recent developments in four important categories of magnetic materials that are currently of topical interest: soft magnets, hard magnets, magnetomechanical and magnetoelectronic materials. For each category the various properties of prime interest are discussed, how these differ from one class to another, and how these properties can be controlled. Recent developments in materials are highlighted through the consideration of a few selected new magnetic materials which are at the leading edge of current research, including: amorphous magnetic fibers, nanocrystalline permanent magnet materials, ferromagnetic shape memory alloys and spintronic materials. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Div Engn Phys & Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jiles, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Div Engn Phys & Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 110 TC 220 Z9 234 U1 31 U2 211 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 19 BP 5907 EP 5939 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2003.08.011 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 743ZF UT WOS:000186603200012 ER PT J AU Hibbard, WR Fullman, RL Gschneidner, KA AF Hibbard, WR Fullman, RL Gschneidner, KA TI Acta Metallurgica, Inc./Acta Materialia, Inc. 1953-2002 SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 255 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 19 BP 6007 EP 6019 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00439-7 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 743ZF UT WOS:000186603200017 ER PT J AU Shin, DH Nguyen, HH Jancarik, J Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH AF Shin, DH Nguyen, HH Jancarik, J Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH TI Crystal structure of NusA from Thermotoga maritima and functional implication of the N-terminal domain SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLI RNA-POLYMERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTION TERMINATION; GENE PROTEIN; BINDING; ELONGATION; SIGMA(70); COMPLEX; ATPASE; SITE AB We report the crystal structure of N-utilizing substance A protein (NusA) from Thermotoga maritima (TmNusA), a protein involved in transcriptional pausing, termination, and antitermination. TmNusA has an elongated rod-shaped structure consisting of an N-terminal domain (NTD, residues 1- 132) and three RNA binding domains (RBD). The NTD consists of two subdomains, the globular head and the helical body domains, that comprise a unique three-dimensional structure that may be important for interacting with RNA polymerase. The globular head domain possesses a high content of negatively charged residues that may interact with the positively charged flaplike domain of RNA polymerase. The helical body domain is composed of a three-helix bundle that forms a hydrophobic core with the aid of two neighboring beta-strands. This domain shows structural similarity with one of the helical domains of sigma(70) factor from Escherichia coli. One side of the molecular surface shows positive electrostatic potential suitable for nonspecific RNA interaction. The RBD is composed of one S I domain and two K-homology (KH) domains forming an elongated RNA binding surface. Structural comparison between TmNusA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NusA reveals a possible hinge motion between NTD and RBD. In addition, a functional implication of the NTD in its interaction with RNA polymerase is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412] NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 46 BP 13429 EP 13437 DI 10.1021/bi035118h PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 745NU UT WOS:000186695400009 PM 14621988 ER PT J AU Ivanova, MI Gingery, M Whitson, LJ Eisenberg, D AF Ivanova, MI Gingery, M Whitson, LJ Eisenberg, D TI Role of the C-terminal 28 residues of beta 2-microglobulin in amyloid fibril formation SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FORMATION IN-VITRO; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; BETA(2)-MICROGLOBULIN; PEPTIDE; CONFORMATION; AGGREGATION; HEMODIALYSIS; FRAGMENTS; MUTATIONS; INSIGHTS AB beta2microglobulin (beta2m) is the major protein component of the fibrillar amyloid deposits isolated from patients diagnosed with dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA). While investigating the molecular mechanism of amyloid fibril formation by beta2m, we found that the beta2m C-terminal peptide of 28 residues (cbeta2m) itself forms amyloid fibrils. When viewed by electron microscopy, cbeta2m aggregates appear as elongated unbranched fibers, the morphology typical for amyloids. Cbeta2m fibers stain with Congo red and show apple-green birefringence in polarized light, characteristic of amyloids. The observation that the beta2m C-terminal fragment readily forms amyloid fibrils implies that beta2m amyloid fibril formation proceeds via interactions of amyloid forming segments, which become exposed when the beta2m subunit is partially unfolded. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM31299] NR 34 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 46 BP 13536 EP 13540 DI 10.1021/bi0301486 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 745NU UT WOS:000186695400021 PM 14622000 ER PT J AU Johnson, ET Nagarajan, V Zazubovich, V Riley, K Small, GJ Parson, WW AF Johnson, ET Nagarajan, V Zazubovich, V Riley, K Small, GJ Parson, WW TI Effects of ionizable residues on the absorption spectrum and initial electron-transfer kinetics in the photosynthetic reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE STARK SPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; PRIMARY CHARGE SEPARATION; MUTANT REACTION CENTERS; HOLE-BURNED SPECTRA; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; SPECIAL PAIR; PURPLE BACTERIA; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL DIMER; ANTENNA COMPLEX AB Effects of ionizable amino acids on spectroscopic properties and electron-transfer kinetics in the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides are investigated by site-directed mutations designed to alter the electrostatic environment of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer that serves as the photochemical electron donor (P). Arginine residues at homologous positions in the L and M subunits (L135 and M164) are changed independently: Arg L135 is replaced by Lys, Leu, Glu, and Gln and Arg M164 by Leu and Glu. Asp L155 also is mutated to Asn, Tyr L164 to Phe, and Cys L247 to Lys and Asp. The mutations at L 155, L 164, and M 164 have little effect on the absorption spectrum, whereas those at L135 and L247 shift the long-wavelength absorption band of P to higher energies. Fits to the ground-state absorption and hole-burned spectra indicate that the blue shift and increased width of the absorption band in the L135 mutants are due partly to changes in the distribution of energies for the zero-phonon absorption line and partly to stronger electron-phonon coupling. The initial electron-transfer kinetics are not changed significantly in most of the mutants, but the time constant increases from 3.0 +/- 0.2 in wildtype RCs to 4.7 +/- 0.2 in C(L247)D and 7.0 +/- 0.3 ps in C(L247)K. The effects of the mutations on the solvation free energies of the product of the initial electron-transfer reaction (P+BL-) and the charge-transfer states that contribute to the absorption spectrum (PL+PM- and PL-PM+) were calculated by using a distance-dependent electrostatic screening factor. The results are qualitatively in accord with the view that electrostatic interactions of the bacteriochlorophylls with ionized residues of the protein are strongly screened and make only minor contributions to the energetics and dynamics of charge separation. However, the slowing of electron transfer in the Cys L247 mutants and the blue shift of the spectrum in some of the Arg L135 and Cys L247 mutants cannot be explained consistently by electrostatic interactions of the mutated residues with P and B-L; we ascribe these effects tentatively to structural changes caused by the mutations. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Parson, WW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08268] NR 61 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 46 BP 13673 EP 13683 DI 10.1021/bi035366d PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 745NU UT WOS:000186695400035 PM 14622014 ER PT J AU Huang, CS Foster, JC Reeves, GD Le, G Frey, HU Pollock, CJ Jahn, JM AF Huang, CS Foster, JC Reeves, GD Le, G Frey, HU Pollock, CJ Jahn, JM TI Periodic magnetospheric substorms: Multiple space-based and ground-based instrumental observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE storm; substorm; periodic substorms; sawtooth injections ID TRAVELING COMPRESSION REGIONS; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; CURRENT DISRUPTION; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOTAIL; PLASMA; RECONNECTION; MODELS; ONSET AB Quasi-periodic, sawtooth-like variations of energetic plasma particle fluxes are often measured at geosynchronous orbit during magnetic storms. The outstanding problems are whether the sawtooth flux variations represent particle injections from the tail to the inner magnetosphere, whether the sawtooth variations correspond to substorm onsets, and what mechanism is responsible for the generation of periodic particle injections ( or periodic substorms). In this paper, we present the measurements of multiple space-based and ground-based instruments in the magnetosphere and ionosphere during two magnetic storms. The Geotail satellite was located in the near tail between X-GSM = - 20 and - 30 R-E and detected periodic southward turnings of the magnetospheric magnetic field. The southward turnings of B-z are interpreted as the signature of periodic near-tail reconnection and plasmoid formations. Geosynchronous satellites measured periodic gradual dropouts and rapid increases of energetic charged fluxes and magnetic field dipolarization. The IMAGE satellite measured enhanced emissions of energetic neutral atoms in the ring current and auroral brightenings. The Canadian Auroral Network for the OPEN Program Unified Study's photometers measured intensifications and latitudinal motion of auroral emissions. The auroral electrojet index showed periodic increases. These magnetospheric and ionospheric phenomena have the same periodicity and indicate the occurrence of periodic substorms. There is an excellent correspondence among the substorm signatures from all the measurements. The results show that periodic magnetospheric substorms can indeed occur during continuous southward interplanetary magnetic field, and the mean period in these two cases is similar to 2.7 hours. The sawtooth variations of energetic plasma fluxes at geosynchronous orbit represent true particle injections from the tail to the inner magnetosphere. The sawtooth injections are related to the near-tail reconnection and correspond to the onsets of periodic substorms. C1 MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SW Res Inst, Dept Space Sci, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), MIT, Haystack Observ, Route 40, Westford, MA 01886 USA. RI Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 43 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A11 AR 1411 DI 10.1029/2003JA009992 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 749RN UT WOS:000186942800001 ER PT J AU Cherouat, A Saanouni, K Hammi, Y AF Cherouat, A Saanouni, K Hammi, Y TI Improvement of forging process of a 3D complex part with respect to damage occurrence SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE finite elastoplastic strain; ductile damage; finite element method; spider forging ID PROCESS SIMULATION; TOOLS AB This work is devoted to the study of a numerical (FE-based) methodology developed in order to improve the cold 3D forging process with respect to the ductile damage occurrence. This methodology is based on advanced constitutive equations accounting for the "strong" coupling between the elastoplastic behavior, the mixed isotropic and kinematic hardening and the isotropic ductile damage. Both the mechanical and numerical aspects related to the associated initial and boundary values problem (IBVP) are briefly outlined. Application is made to be the cold forging of a 3D part (spider) by studying the influence of the material ductility as well as the friction nature between the part and the die on the damage occurrence. The proposed methodology is shown to be very useful and helpful when dealing with a "virtual" improvement of any forging processes with respect to damage occurrence. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Technol Troyes, GSM, LASMIS, EA 3171, F-10010 Troyes, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cherouat, A (reprint author), Univ Technol Troyes, GSM, LASMIS, EA 3171, BP 2060, F-10010 Troyes, France. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 142 IS 2 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00580-6 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 739EN UT WOS:000186330100002 ER PT J AU Stuecker, JN Cesarano, J Hirschfeld, DA AF Stuecker, JN Cesarano, J Hirschfeld, DA TI Control of the viscous behavior of highly concentrated mullite suspensions for robocasting SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramic; rapid prototyping; freeform fabrication; robocasting; rheology; aqueous suspension ID RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FREEFORM FABRICATION; ALUMINA SUSPENSIONS; SILICON-NITRIDE; CERAMICS; POWDER AB Aqueous-mullite suspensions stabilized with an organic polyelectrolyte dispersant were characterized in terms of settling and rheological behaviors at solids concentrations as high as 60 vol.% (within 3 vol.% of the maximum consolidated density). The suspensions were cast into parts by a solid freeform fabrication technique termed robocasting and qualitatively characterized in terms of build behavior. Sedimentation and viscometry data were interpreted in view of knowledge of the interparticle forces. Through control of suspension pH and counter-ion addition, pseudoplastic mullite suspensions were created for use in the robocasting process. The suspensions were robocast at 52 vol.% solids and dried to yield a consolidated density of 55 vol.%. After firing to 1650 degreesC, robocast parts were greater than 96% dense. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Stuecker, JN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 142 IS 2 BP 318 EP 325 DI 10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00586-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 739EN UT WOS:000186330100003 ER PT J AU Dunphy, DR Singer, S Cook, AW Smarsly, B Doshi, DA Brinker, CJ AF Dunphy, DR Singer, S Cook, AW Smarsly, B Doshi, DA Brinker, CJ TI Aqueous stability of mesoporous silica films doped or grafted with aluminum oxide SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PORE STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION; ORDERED HEXAGONAL STRUCTURE; HYDROTHERMAL STABILITY; THIN-FILMS; MCM-41; ALUMINOSILICATES; AL; FRAMEWORK; SENSORS; TEMPERATURES AB Surfactant-templated silica thin films are potentially important materials for applications such as chemical sensing. However, a serious limitation for their use in aqueous environments is their poor hydrolytic stability. One convenient method of increasing the resistance of mesoporous silica to water degradation is addition of alumina, either doped into the pore walls during material synthesis or grafted onto the pore surface of preformed mesophases. Here, we compare these two routes to Al-modified mesoporous silica with respect to their effectiveness in decreasing the solubility of thin mesoporous silicate films. Direct synthesis of templated silica films prepared with Al/Si = 1:50 was found to limit film degradation, as measured by changes in film thickness, to less than 15% at near-neutral pH over a 1 week period. In addition to suppressing film dissolution, addition of Al can also cause structural changes in silica films templated with the nonionic surfactant Brij 56 (C16H33(OCH2CH2)(nsimilar to10)OH), including mesophase transformation, a decrease in accessible porosity, and an increase in structural disorder. The solubility behavior of films is also sensitive to their particular mesophase, with 3D phases (cubic, disordered) possessing less internal but more thickness stability than 2D phases (hexagonal), as determined with ellipsometric measurements. Finally, grafting of Al species onto the surface of surfactant-templated silica films also significantly increases aqueous stability, although to a lesser extent than the direct synthesis route. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengn Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Smarsly, Bernd/G-8514-2011 NR 51 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 24 BP 10403 EP 10408 DI 10.1021/la035183s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 745NJ UT WOS:000186694500062 ER PT J AU Brenner, DJ Doll, R Goodhead, DT Hall, EJ Land, CE Little, JB Lubin, JH Preston, DL Preston, RJ Puskin, JS Ron, E Sachs, RK Samet, JM Setlow, RB Zaider, M AF Brenner, DJ Doll, R Goodhead, DT Hall, EJ Land, CE Little, JB Lubin, JH Preston, DL Preston, RJ Puskin, JS Ron, E Sachs, RK Samet, JM Setlow, RB Zaider, M TI Cancer risks attributable to low doses of ionizing radiation: Assessing what we really know SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; BREAST-CANCER; ADAPTIVE RESPONSE; 2ND MALIGNANCIES; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; X-RAYS; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; CELLS; RATES AB High doses of ionizing radiation clearly produce deleterious consequences in humans, including, but not exclusively, cancer induction. At very low radiation doses the situation is much less clear, but the risks of low-dose radiation are of societal importance in relation to issues as varied as screening tests for cancer, the future of nuclear power, occupational radiation exposure, frequent-flyer risks, manned space exploration, and radiological terrorism. We review the difficulties involved in quantifying the risks of low-dose radiation and address two specific questions. First, what is the lowest dose of x- or gamma-radiation for which good evidence exists of increased cancer risks in humans? The epidemiological data suggest that it is approximate to10-50 mSv for an acute exposure and approximate to50-100 mSv for a protracted exposure. Second, what is the most appropriate way to extrapolate such cancer risk estimates to still lower doses? Given that it is supported by experimentally grounded, quantifiable, biophysical arguments, a linear extrapolation of cancer risks from intermediate to very low doses currently appears to be the most appropriate methodology. This linearity assumption is not necessarily the most conservative approach, and it is likely that it will result in an underestimate of some radiation-induced cancer risks and an overestimate of others. C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, New York, NY 10032 USA. Radcliffe Infirm, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Oxford OX2 6ME, England. MRC, Radiat & Genome Stabil Unit, Didcot OX11 0RD, Oxon, England. NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Radiobiol Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NCI, Biostat Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Hiroshima 7320815, Japan. US EPA, Div Environm Carcinogenesis, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Radiat & Indoor Air, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Brenner, DJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. OI Zaider, Marco/0000-0002-5113-7862 NR 64 TC 770 Z9 804 U1 14 U2 73 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 24 BP 13761 EP 13766 DI 10.1073/pnas.2235592100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 747KN UT WOS:000186803800007 PM 14610281 ER PT J AU Garcia, AE Onuchic, JN AF Garcia, AE Onuchic, JN TI Folding a protein in a computer: An atomic description of the folding/unfolding of protein A SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 3-HELIX BUNDLE PROTEIN; FREE-ENERGY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION-STATE; HELICAL PROTEIN; HYDROGEN-BONDS; SIMULATION; PATHWAYS; MODEL; DOMAIN AB We study the folding mechanism of a three-helix bundle protein at atomic resolution, including effects of explicit water. Using replica exchange molecular dynamics we perform enough sampling over a wide range of temperatures to obtain the free energy, entropy, and enthalpy surfaces as a function of structural reaction coordinates. Simulations were started from different configurations covering the folded and unfolded states. Because many transitions between all minima at the free energy surface are observed, a quantitative determination of the free energy barriers and the ensemble of configurations associated with them is now possible. The kinetic bottlenecks for folding can be determined from the thermal ensembles of structures on the free energy barriers, provided the kinetically determined transition-state ensembles are similar to those determined from free energy barriers. A mechanism incorporating the interplay among backbone ordering, side-chain packing, and desolvation arises from these calculations. Large phi values arise not only from native contacts, which mostly form at the transition state, but also from contacts already present in the unfolded state that are partially destroyed at the transition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Theoret Biol Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Garcia, AE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, T10 MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 45 TC 267 Z9 272 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 24 BP 13898 EP 13903 DI 10.1073/pnas.2335541100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 747KN UT WOS:000186803800030 PM 14623983 ER PT J AU Hagan, MF Dinner, AR Chandler, D Chakraborty, AK AF Hagan, MF Dinner, AR Chandler, D Chakraborty, AK TI Atomistic understanding of kinetic pathways for single base-pair binding and unbinding in DNA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREE-ENERGY; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; RATE CONSTANTS; DYNAMICS; HYBRIDIZATION; MODEL; DENATURATION; SIMULATIONS; PROTEIN; PROBES AB We combine free-energy calculations and molecular dynamics to elucidate a mechanism for DNA base-pair binding and unbinding in atomic detail. Specifically, transition-path sampling is used to overcome computational limitations associated with conventional techniques to harvest many trajectories for the flipping of a terminal cytosine in a 3-bp oligomer in explicit water. Comparison with free-energy projections obtained with umbrella sampling reveals four coordinates that separate true dynamic transition states from stable reactant and product states. Unbinding proceeds via two qualitatively different pathways: one in which the flipping base breaks its intramolecular hydrogen bonds before it unstacks and another in which it ruptures both sets of interactions simultaneously. Both on- and off-pathway intermediates are observed. The relation of the results to coarse-grained models for DNA-based biosensors is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chandler, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hagan, Michael/N-2177-2014 OI Hagan, Michael/0000-0002-9211-2434 NR 33 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 24 BP 13922 EP 13927 DI 10.1073/pnas.2036378100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 747KN UT WOS:000186803800034 PM 14617777 ER PT J AU Nymeyer, H Garcia, AE AF Nymeyer, H Garcia, AE TI Simulation of the folding equilibrium of alpha-helical peptides: A comparison of the generalized born approximation with explicit solvent SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FREE-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; NORMAL-MODE ANALYSIS; BETA-HAIRPIN; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; SOLVATION MODEL; MET-ENKEPHALIN; HIV PROTEASE; WATER; PROTEINS AB We compare simulations using the generalized Born/surface area (GB/SA) implicit solvent model with simulations using explicit solvent (transferable intermolecular potential 3 point, TIP3P) to test the GB/SA algorithm. We use the replica exchange molecular dynamics method to sample the conformational phase space of two a-helical peptides, A(21) and the F-s, by using two different classical potentials and both water models. We find that when using GB/SA: (i) A(21) is predicted to be more helical than the F-s peptide at all temperatures; (ii) the native structure of the F-s peptide is predicted to be a helical bundle instead of a single helix; and (iii) the persistence length and most probable end-to-end distance are too large in the unfolded state when compared against the explicit solvent simulations. We find that the potential of mean force in the phipsi plane is markedly different in the two solvents, making the two simulated peptides respond differently when the backbone torsions are perturbed. A fit of the temperature melting curves obtained in these simulations to a Lifson-Roig model finds that the GB/SA model has an unphysically large nucleation parameter, whereas the explicit solvent model produces values similar to experiment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, T10 MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM axg@lanl.gov NR 64 TC 208 Z9 212 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 25 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 24 BP 13934 EP 13939 DI 10.1073/pnas.2232868100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 747KN UT WOS:000186803800036 PM 14617775 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Vainola, H Istratov, AA Weber, ER AF Zhang, P Vainola, H Istratov, AA Weber, ER TI Thermal stability of internal gettering of iron in silicon and its impact on optimization of gettering SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; TECHNOLOGY; WAFER AB The redissolution behavior of gettered iron was studied in p-type Czochralski-grown silicon with a doping level of 2.5x10(14) cm(-3) and an oxide precipitate density of 5x10(9) cm(-3). The concentrations of interstitial iron and iron-boron pairs were measured by deep level transient spectroscopy. It was found that the dependence of redissolved iron concentration on annealing time can be fitted by the function C(t)=C-0[1-exp(-t/tau(diss))], and the dissolution rate tau(diss)(-1) has an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence of tau(diss)(-1)=4.01x10(4)xexp[-(1.47+/-0.10) eV/k(B)T] s(-1). Based on this empirical equation, we predict how stable the gettered iron is during different annealing sequences and discuss implications for optimization of internal gettering. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Electron Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, MS 62R0203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Savin, Hele/E-5155-2012 OI Savin, Hele/0000-0003-3946-7727 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 21 BP 4324 EP 4326 DI 10.1063/1.1630158 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 744ZD UT WOS:000186662000016 ER PT J AU Stach, EA Radmilovic, V Deshpande, D Malshe, A Alexander, D Doerr, D AF Stach, EA Radmilovic, V Deshpande, D Malshe, A Alexander, D Doerr, D TI Nanoscale surface and subsurface defects induced in lithium niobate by a femtosecond laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL OPTICAL MEMORY; PULSE LASER; WAVE-GUIDES; UV LASER; GRATINGS; ABLATION; GLASSES; SILICON; QUARTZ; TOOL AB In this letter, electron and ion microscopy techniques have been used to characterize the changes that result when single crystals of lithium niobate are processed using a focused femtosecond laser. The prevailing observation is that of competing processes-ablation and partial redeposition, thermal shock, and extreme quenching, as well as effects associated with shock wave propagation, resulting in both amorphization and heavily defective regions at the focal point of the laser pulse. The observed microstructural defects have a direct implication in optical memory or waveguide writing, where the goal is to realize consistent structural features with uniform optical properties. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Mech Engn, SERC Durable Micro & Nano Syst, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Electroopt, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Malshe, A (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Mech Engn, SERC Durable Micro & Nano Syst, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM apm2@engr.uark.edu RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 21 BP 4420 EP 4422 DI 10.1063/1.1629797 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 744ZD UT WOS:000186662000048 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Stevenson, JW AF Chou, YS Stevenson, JW TI Phlogopite mica-based compressive seals for solid oxide fuel cells: effect of mica thickness SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE phlogopite mica; solid oxide fuel cell; leak rates; thermal cycle ID PROGRESS AB Commercially available Phlogopite mica papers of varying thickness, similar to0.1, similar to0.2, and similar to0.5 mm, were evaluated as potential solid oxide fuel cell (SPFC) seal materials. The micas were tested in two forms: plain and hybrid. The hybrid form involved the addition of glass interlayers between the mica and the adjacent components. For each sample, about 30 thermal cycles were conducted and the 800degreesC leak rates were determined. The results showed an excellent thermal cycle stability of the Phlogopite micas in the hybrid design in that the leak rates remained almost constant after similar to10 cycles. In addition, the leak rate appeared to increase with increasing mica thickness in the hybrid design, but showed no thickness dependence for mica in the plain design. The Phlogopite micas also showed good mid-term (similar to500h) stability in both air and reducing environments. Microstructure characterization showed no distinct degradation such as fragmentation and particle formation after thermal cycle and the mid-term stability tests. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resource Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resource Dept, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 124 IS 2 BP 473 EP 478 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00805-X PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 750XL UT WOS:000187023700012 ER PT J AU Kesapragada, SV Bhaduri, SB Bhaduri, S Singh, P AF Kesapragada, SV Bhaduri, SB Bhaduri, S Singh, P TI Densification of LSGM electrolytes using activated microwave sintering SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Sr- and M-doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM); solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs); yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ID ION CONDUCTOR LA0.9SR0.1GA0.8MG0.2O3-X; DOPED LANTHANUM GALLATE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LAGAO3 PEROVSKITE; OXIDE; MAGNESIUM; STRONTIUM AB Lanthanum gallate doped with alkaline rare earths (LSGM) powders were densified using an activated microwave sintering process for developing a dense stable electrolyte layer for applications in intermediate temperature-solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). Due to heat generation in situ, the process of sintering gets activated with faster kinetics compared to a conventional sintering process. The effect of various microwave process parameters on the microstructure and phase formation was studied. The sintered pellets were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive analysis (SEM-EDAX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The density of LSGM pellets microwave sintered at 1350degreesC for 20 min is greater than 95% theoretical density with a fine grained microstructure (similar to2-3 mum) and without the presence of other phase(s). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI pelosato, renato/E-9950-2010; Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 124 IS 2 BP 499 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.06.002 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 750XL UT WOS:000187023700015 ER PT J AU Zaghib, K Song, X Guerfi, A Kostecki, R Kinoshita, K AF Zaghib, K Song, X Guerfi, A Kostecki, R Kinoshita, K TI Effect of particle morphology on lithium intercalation rates in natural graphite SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium intercalation; natural graphite; particle size ID CARBON ANODE MATERIALS; ION BATTERIES; IRREVERSIBLE CAPACITY; ELECTRODE; SIZE; PERFORMANCE; DISCHARGE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION AB The intercalation rate of Li+-ions in flake natural graphite (two-dimensional) with particle size from 2 to 40 mum and sphere-like graphite (three-dimensional), 12 to 40 mum in particle size, was investigated. The amount of Li+ ions that intercalate at different rates was determined from measurement of the reversible capacity during de-intercalation in 1 M LiClO4/1:1 (volume ratio) ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate. The key issues in this study are the role of the particle size and fraction of edge sites on the rate of intercalation and de-intercalation of Li+ ions. At low specific current (15.5 mA/g carbon), the composition of lithiated graphite approaches the theoretical value, x = 1 in LixC6, except for the natural graphite with the largest particle size. However, x decreases with an increase in specific current for all particle sizes. This trend suggests that slow solid-state diffusion of Li+ ions limits the intercalation capacity in graphite. The 3D natural graphite with a particle size of 12 mum may provide the optimum combination of reversible capacity and irreversible capacity loss in the electrolyte and discharge rates used in this study. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, IREQ, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zaghib, K (reprint author), Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, IREQ, 1800 Boul Lionel Boulet, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 124 IS 2 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00801-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 750XL UT WOS:000187023700016 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Amine, K AF Kang, SH Amine, K TI Synthesis and electrochemical properties of layer-structured 0.5Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O-2-0.5Li(Li1/3Mn2/3)O-2 solid mixture SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Li-ion secondary batteries; layered structure; Li(Li,Ni,Mn)O-2; quenching ID LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERIES; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SITU X-RAY; CATHODE MATERIALS; OXYGEN CONTRIBUTION; MANGANESE OXIDES; CO; LICO0.5NI0.5O2; DIFFRACTION; CAPACITY AB A 1: 1 mixture of electrochemically active Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O-2 and electrochemically inactive Li(Li1/3Mn2/3)O-2, i.e. Li(Li1/3Mn2/3)O-2, i.e. Li(Li0.17Ni0.25Mn0.58)O-2, has been synthesized by a sol-gel method. The mixture was calcined at 900 degreesC in air for 24 h and cooled at three different rates: quenched into liquid nitrogen, 2 degreesC/min, and 0.5 degreesC/min. It was found that the crystallographic structure and electrochemical properties of Li(Li0.17Ni0.25Mn0.58)O-2 highly depend on the cooling rate. The sample quenched into liquid nitrogen exhibited a long irreversible plateau at ca. 4.5 V during the first charge, and the discharge capacity gradually increased from 170 to 210 mAh/g after 40 cycles. The samples cooled at slower rates exhibited more monoclinic character and cubic spinel phase was observed; they showed no plateaus at 4.5 V during the first charge and the discharge capacities also gradually increased from 80 and 55 mAh/g to 130 and 85 mAh/g for 2 and 0.5 degreesC/min-cooled samples, respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 19 TC 72 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 124 IS 2 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00804-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 750XL UT WOS:000187023700020 ER PT J AU Bloom, I Jones, SA Battaglia, VS Henriksen, GL Christophersen, JP Wright, RB Ho, CD Belt, JR Motloch, CG AF Bloom, I Jones, SA Battaglia, VS Henriksen, GL Christophersen, JP Wright, RB Ho, CD Belt, JR Motloch, CG TI Effect of cathode composition on capacity fade, impedance rise and power fade in high-power, lithium-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE capacity fade; impedance rise; power fade ID CALENDAR-LIFE; CYCLE-LIFE; BATTERIES AB We tested the effect of Al concentration on the performance of lithium-ion cells. One set of cells contained a LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode and the other, LiNi0.8Co0.10Al0.10O2. The cells were calendar- and cycle-life tested at several temperatures, with periodic interruptions for reference performance tests that were used to gauge capacity and power fade as a function of time. The C-1/25 capacity fade in the cells displayed t(1/2) dependence. The capacity fade of the 10% Al-doped cells tested at 45 degreesC was similar to that of the 5% Al-doped cells at 25 degreesC. The impedance rise and power fade were also sensitive to the Al concentration. For the one common temperature investigated (i.e., 45 degreesC), the 10% Al-doped cells displayed higher impedance rise and power fade than the 5% Al-doped cells. Additionally, the time dependence of the impedance rise displayed two distinct kinetic regimes; the initial portion depended on t(1/2) and the final, on t. On the other hand, the 10% Al-doped cells depended on t(1/2) only. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Bloom, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 7 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 124 IS 2 BP 538 EP 550 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00806-1 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 750XL UT WOS:000187023700021 ER PT J AU Gambino, P Gorbahn, M Haisch, U AF Gambino, P Gorbahn, M Haisch, U TI Anomalous dimension matrix for radiative and rare semileptonic B decays up to three loops SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID LEADING QCD CORRECTIONS; THOOFT-VELTMAN SCHEMES; PHOTON ENERGY-SPECTRUM; STANDARD MODEL; EVANESCENT OPERATORS; VIRTUAL CORRECTIONS; B->S-GAMMA DECAY; BRANCHING RATIO; BETA-FUNCTIONS; MESON DECAY AB We compute the complete O(alpha(s)(2)) anomalous dimension matrix relevant for the b --> sgamma, b --> sg and b --> sl(+)l(-) transitions in the standard model and some of its extensions. For radiative decays we confirm the results of Misiak and Munz, and of Chetyrkin, Misiak and Munz. The O(alpha(s)(2)) mixing of four-quark into semileptonic operators is instead a new result and represents one of the last missing ingredients of the next-to-next-to-leading-order analysis of rare semileptonic B meson decays. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gambino, P (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM paolo.gambino@cern.ch OI Gambino, Paolo/0000-0002-7433-4914 NR 99 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 673 IS 1-2 BP 238 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2003.09.024 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 743PR UT WOS:000186583200009 ER PT J AU Choi, DI Wu, B AF Choi, DI Wu, B TI To detect the looped Bloch bands of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID ATOMS; SUPERFLUID AB A loop structure was predicted to exist in the Bloch bands of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices recently in [Phys. Rev. A 61 (2000) 023402]. We discuss how to detect experimentally the looped band with an accelerating optical lattice through extensive and realistic numerical simulations. We find that the loop can be detected through observing either nonlinear Landau-Zener tunneling or destruction of Bloch oscillations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Space Res Assoc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Choi, DI (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 7501 Forbes Blvd 206, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. RI Wu, Biao/B-3329-2008 OI Wu, Biao/0000-0001-9229-5894 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 318 IS 6 BP 558 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2003.09.066 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747PH UT WOS:000186812900011 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Random spin signal in magnetic resonance force microscopy SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION AB We study a random magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) signal caused by the thermal vibrations of high frequency cantilever modes in the oscillating cantilever-driven adiabatic reversals (OSCAR) technique. We show that the regular MRFM signal with a characteristic decay time, tau(m), is followed by a non-dissipative random signal with a characteristic time tau(r). We present the estimates for the values of tau(m) and tau(r). We argue that this random MRFM signal can be used for spin detection. It has a "signature" of a sharp peak in its Fourier spectrum. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Polytech Inst New York, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/J-3329-2015 OI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-7700-5649 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 318 IS 6 BP 584 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2003.09.055 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 747PH UT WOS:000186812900016 ER PT J AU Gallagher, MC Fyfield, MS Bumm, LA Cowin, JP Joyce, SA AF Gallagher, MC Fyfield, MS Bumm, LA Cowin, JP Joyce, SA TI Structure of ultrathin MgO films on Mo(001) SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; surface structure; morphology; roughness; topography; magnesium oxides; surface defects ID IMPACT ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPIES; REFLECTION-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON; THIN-FILMS; WATER; ADSORPTION; MGO(100); SURFACE; MO(100) AB We have studied the structure of ultrathin MgO films grown on a single crystal Mo(001) surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) were used to investigate the effect of substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure on the growth and morphology of these films. LEED indicates the growth of (100) films with MgO (110) directions oriented along (100) directions of the substrate. Despite the insulating nature of bulk MgO, films up to 25-Angstrom thick are sufficiently conducting to perform STM measurements. STM reveals Mg deposition in an oxygen ambient at substrate temperatures from 300 to 900 K produces uniform films. Films as thick as eight atomic layers typically have only three layers exposed. These films consist of small domains between 20 and 60 Angstrom in diameter. The domain shapes are random and the perimeters show no preferred orientation. In contrast, films grown at temperatures in excess of 1000 K exhibit larger three-dimensional MgO islands (Volmer-Weber growth). Steps on these high temperature films orient preferentially along thermodynamically favored MgO <100> directions. STM images of films deposited at high temperature exhibit a checkerboard pattern. The dimensions and symmetry of this pattern are consistent with the coincidence arising from the mismatch of the MgO(100) and Mo(001) lattice. Annealing room temperature deposited films results in island coalescence and produces uniform films with domains in excess of 100 A. The perimeters of these domains are oriented along MgO (100) directions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gallagher, MC (reprint author), Lakehead Univ, Dept Phys, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada. RI Bumm, Lloyd/B-5738-2011; Joyce, Stephen/Q-7804-2016 OI Joyce, Stephen/0000-0003-1330-7362 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 24 PY 2003 VL 445 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.09.016 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 745DY UT WOS:000186674900014 ER PT J AU Gok, R Sandvol, E Turkelli, N Seber, D Barazangi, M AF Gok, R Sandvol, E Turkelli, N Seber, D Barazangi, M TI Sn attenuation in the Anatolian and Iranian plateau and surrounding regions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC-WAVE PROPAGATION; TURKEY AB [1] The propagation characteristics of the regional Sn shear waves have been mapped to provide insight into the lithospheric structure of the Anatolian and Iranian plateau and the surrounding regions. Thousands of regional earthquakes within the distance range of 2-15 degrees were recorded by broadband and short period stations located in Turkey and nearby regions, especially new data recorded by 29 broadband stations in the Eastern Turkey Seismic Experiment network. The propagation efficiencies of Sn were determined visually using their amplitude and fre-quency content. Attenuation maps were then tomographically constructed using the observed propagation efficiencies. Our results confirm that Sn propagates efficiently in the uppermost mantle beneath the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea and along the Zagros fold and thrust belt. Sn is not observed in eastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, or central Anatolia. In contrast to previous available studies, this study considerably improved the mapped location of the boundaries between the zones of efficient and attenuated Sn. Our results are best explained by an absence of lithospheric mantle, or the presence of thin and hot lithospheric mantle beneath most of the Anatolian and Iranian plateau. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Cornell Univ, Inst Study Continents, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gok, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Gok, Rengin/O-6639-2014 NR 12 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 22 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 24 AR 8042 DI 10.1029/2003GL018020 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 749BG UT WOS:000186898300001 ER PT J AU Heske, C Groh, U Fuchs, O Weinhardt, L Umbach, E Schedel-Niedrig, T Fischer, CH Lux-Steiner, MC Zweigart, S Niesen, TP Karg, F AF Heske, C Groh, U Fuchs, O Weinhardt, L Umbach, E Schedel-Niedrig, T Fischer, CH Lux-Steiner, MC Zweigart, S Niesen, TP Karg, F TI Monitoring chemical reactions at a liquid-solid interface: Water on CuIn(S,Se)(2) thin film solar cell absorbers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NA; SPECTROSCOPY; CU(IN,GA)SE-2; SURFACES; IMPURITIES; CUINSE2 AB The chemical and electronic structure of the interface between liquid water and a CuIn(S,Se)(2) thin film surface was studied with synchrotron-based, high energy-resolution soft x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). By probing the local environment around the sulfur atoms, an x-ray-induced sulfate formation at the CuIn(S,Se)(2) surface can be monitored, correlated with a substantial enhancement of sodium impurity atoms from the CuIn(S,Se)(2) film and its glass substrate. The results demonstrate that, with XES, an experimental probe is available to in situ study chemical reactions at liquid-solid interfaces or at surfaces in a high-pressure gas environment in a chemically sensitive and atom-specific way. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Shell Solar GmbH, D-81739 Munich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Luxel Corp, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Heske, C (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RI Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 20 BP 10467 EP 10470 DI 10.1063/1.1627328 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 743CH UT WOS:000186554500001 ER PT J AU Liu, P Rodriguez, JA AF Liu, P Rodriguez, JA TI Interaction of sulfur dioxide with titanium-carbide nanoparticles and surfaces: A density functional study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL SURFACES; AB-INITIO SCF; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; METALLOCARBOHEDRENES M8C12; NANOCRYSTAL TI14C13; POPULATION ANALYSIS; ADSORPTION; SO2; CHEMISTRY; MOLECULES AB In the control of environmental pollution, metal carbides are potentially useful for trapping and destroying sulfur dioxide (SO2). In the present study, the density functional theory was employed to study the surface structures and electronic properties of the adsorbed SO2 on titanium carbides: metcar Ti8C12, nanocrystal Ti14C13, and a bulk TiC(001) surface. The geometries and orientations of SO2 were fully optimized on all these substrates. Our calculations show that, in spite of the high C/Ti ratio and C-2 groups, metcar Ti8C12 exhibits extremely high activity towards SO2. The S-O bonds of SO2 spontaneously break on Ti8C12. The products of the decomposition reaction (S,O) interact simultaneously with Ti and C sites. The C atoms are not simple spectators, and their participation in the dissociation of SO2 is a key element for the energetics of this process. Nanocrystal Ti14C13 also displays a strong interaction with SO2. Although the dissociation of SO2 on Ti14C13 cannot proceed as easily as that on T(i)8C(12), it could occur by thermal activation even at very low temperature. SO2 is weakly bonded with the bulk TiC(001) surface. By thermal activation the dissociation of SO2 on a TiC(001) surface may also take place but it should be much more difficult than that on Ti14C13. Therefore, we suggest that the carbide nanoparticles (Ti8C12 and Ti14C13) should have special chemical activity towards SO2 removal associated with their "magic'' structures. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 75 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 20 BP 10895 EP 10903 DI 10.1063/1.1619945 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 743CH UT WOS:000186554500048 ER PT J AU Jung, YS Shao, YH Gordon, MS Doren, DJ Head-Gordon, M AF Jung, YS Shao, YH Gordon, MS Doren, DJ Head-Gordon, M TI Are both symmetric and buckled dimers on Si-(100) minima? Density functional and multireference perturbation theory calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; AB-INITIO CLUSTER; SI(001) SURFACE; SI(100) SURFACE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; ASYMMETRIC DIMERS; PHASE-TRANSITION; ATOMIC GEOMETRY; RECONSTRUCTION AB We report a spin-unrestricted density functional theory (DFT) solution at the symmetric dimer structure for cluster models of Si(100). With this solution, it is shown that the symmetric structure is a minimum on the DFT potential energy surface, although higher in energy than the buckled structure. In restricted DFT calculations the symmetric structure is a saddle point connecting the two buckled minima. To further assess the effects of electron correlation on the relative energies of symmetric versus buckled dimers on Si(100), multireference second order perturbation theory (MRMP2) calculations are performed on these DFT optimized minima. The symmetric structure is predicted to be lower in energy than the buckled structure via MRMP2, while the reverse order is found by DFT. The implications for recent experimental interpretations are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhg@bastille.cchem.berkeley.edu RI Jung, Yousung/D-1676-2010 OI Jung, Yousung/0000-0003-2615-8394 NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 20 BP 10917 EP 10923 DI 10.1063/1.1620994 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 743CH UT WOS:000186554500051 ER PT J AU Zhou, XY Tsurutani, BT Reeves, G Rostoker, G Sun, W Ruohoniemi, JM Kamide, Y Lui, ATY Parks, GK Gonzalez, WD Arballo, JK AF Zhou, XY Tsurutani, BT Reeves, G Rostoker, G Sun, W Ruohoniemi, JM Kamide, Y Lui, ATY Parks, GK Gonzalez, WD Arballo, JK TI Ring current intensification and convection-driven negative bays: Multisatellite studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ring current intensification; magnetic storm; storm-substorm relationship; auroras during storm and substorms; solar wind-magnetosphere coupling ID UV AURORAL DISTRIBUTION; FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENT; BURSTY BULK FLOWS; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; MAGNETIC STORMS; PLASMA SHEET; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETOTAIL; DST; ONSET AB [1] The original view on the cause of ring current intensifications was a frequent occurrence of intense substorm expansion phases. Results from many studies have supported this view. However, whether this is the only mechanism of ring current buildup has been a controversy. Kamide [ 1992] asserted that ring current intensification is due to "sustained, southward IMF, not because of frequent occurrence of intense substorms.'' Lui et al. [ 2001] have shown that the ring current can be intensified during enhanced convection without substorm occurrence. Tsurutani et al. [ 2003] have found that there was a lack of substorm expansion phases for long periods of time ( up to 7 hours) in 5 out of 11 storm main phases ( in 1997) that were induced by the smoothly varying B-z component of the interplanetary magnetic field ( IMF) within interplanetary magnetic clouds. In this paper, a relatively weak magnetic storm event ( with minimum SYM-H at - 47 nT) that occurred on 15 July 1997 is studied using ground-based magnetograms, polar cap potentials from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network, and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) geosynchronous energetic particle data as well as the Polar UV imaging ( for aurorae) and Wind ( for the solar wind) data. It is shown that during the storm main phase, there was a lack of substorm expansion phase activity ( from imaging and the ground-based data) and a lack of energetic particle injections at the geostationary orbit. The most prominent auroral forms were north-south aligned auroral patches and torches. Dawn and dusk aurorae were more intense than the aurorae near midnight, where auroral gaps occurred. In addition, this paper shows that there was a significant directly driven activity during the storm main phase when the IMF was continually southward. We argue that during this event the ring current intensification was more strongly associated with enhanced magnetospheric convection than with impulsive energy unloading. Three scenarios are suggested to explain the relatively low intensity of the magnetic storm induced by a magnetic cloud. They are ( 1) weak nightside auroral zone ionospheric ion outflows ( due to lack of substorms), ( 2) choked penetration of the tail plasma flow ( due to lack of substorms), and ( 3) retarded magnetospheric convection ( due to reduced solar wind-magnetosphere reconnection). The observed saturation of the polar cap potential drop is in support of this latter mechanism. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alberta, Fac Sci, Avadh Bhatia Phys Lab 412, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Aichi 442, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Zhou, XY (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 75 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A11 AR 1407 DI 10.1029/2003JA009881 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 749CD UT WOS:000186900300004 ER PT J AU Stangeby, PC AF Stangeby, PC TI On the relative roles of neutral transport and plasma transport in the formation of the density pedestal in magnetically confined plasmas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALCATOR C-MOD; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; DIII-D; TOKAMAK; TURBULENCE; ASDEX; DISCHARGES; PARTICLE; LIMIT AB Currently, a much discussed question regarding the characteristic features of the plasma density radial profile-the 'pedestal'-existing at or just inside the magnetic separatrix it, tokamaks-is whether the neutral or plasma transport in that region is more controlling. In actual tokamak conditions, the neutral transport is generally quite complicated geometrically, making it difficult to understand the relative roles of plasma and neutral transport. Here, therefore, we consider a quite simplified configuration-one-dimensional slab geometry-in order to elucidate the essential aspects of the problem. It is found here, for the assumption of diffusive cross-field plasma transport, that simple quasi-one-dimensional modelling indicates that the spatial distribution of ionization of the recycling hydrogen neutral particles in the pedestal region, i.e. neutral transport, plays a strong role. It is also found, however, that the influence of plasma transport-specifically the effect of a 'transport barrier' just inside the separatrix where D-perpendicular to(r) varies rapidly-can also play a significant role. It is found that a third-and roughly equally important-influence on the shape of the density profile inside the separatrix is the value of the density decay length outside the separatrix, lambda(SOL), which enters as an important boundary condition of the problem; it is therefore important to know the relationship, e.g. from experiment, between lambda(SOL) and the pedestal density, n(ped), and to include that in the analysis. This paper ends with a discussion of what is required to analyse an actual tokamak plasma configuration. When undertaking the full three-dimensional interpretive analysis of a specific discharge condition in a specific tokamak, if the neutral transport-i.e. the spatial distribution of the ionization-can be accurately modelled in detail, and if the boundary condition information is available as input from the experimental data, then it should be possible to extract information on D-perpendicular to and its spatial variation near the separatrix from detailed particle-balance analysis of the density profile. C1 Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stangeby, PC (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, 4925 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 22 BP 2784 EP 2797 AR PII S0022-3727(03)59684-X DI 10.1088/0022-3727/36/22/004 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 752TD UT WOS:000187182500006 ER PT J AU Keenan, FP Katsiyannis, AC Reid, RHG Pradhan, AK Zhang, HL Widing, KG AF Keenan, FP Katsiyannis, AC Reid, RHG Pradhan, AK Zhang, HL Widing, KG TI Extreme ultraviolet emission lines of Ar xiv in solar active region and flare spectra SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : activity; Sun : flares; ultraviolet : general ID B-LIKE IONS; BORON ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; ATOMIC DATA; RATE COEFFICIENTS; IRON PROJECT; XUV OBSERVATIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; COMPACT FLARE; CORONAL LINES AB New R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation rates for transitions among the 2s(2) 2p, 2s2p(2) and 2p(3) levels of Ar xiv are presented. These data are subsequently used to derive the theoretical electron density diagnostic emission-line intensity ratios R-1 = I (187.95 Angstrom)/I (194.41 Angstrom) and R-2 = 1(257.40 Angstrom)/I(243.78 Angstrom) for a range of densities (N-e = 10(9)-10(13) cm(-3)) and electron temperatures (T-e = 10(6.3)-10(6.7) K) appropriate to solar transition region and coronal plasmas. A comparison of these diagnostics with observational data for solar active regions and flares, obtained with the Naval Research Laboratory's S082A spectrograph on board Skylab, reveals that the electron densities determined from R, are in good agreement with those estimated from line ratios in Fe XIV or Fe XV, which are formed at similar electron temperatures to Ar XIV. However, there are large discrepancies between densities inferred from the R2 ratio and those from Fe xiv or Fe XV, confirming that the Ar xiv 243.78- and 257.40-Angstrom lines are badly blended with Fe XV 243.79 Angstrom and Fe xiv 257.38 Angstrom, respectively. Hence, R-2 cannot be employed as a density diagnostic, in contrast to R-1, which does provide reliable N-e estimates. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keenan, FP (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Katsiyannis, Thanassis/L-8496-2013 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 346 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07075.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 742TA UT WOS:000186533100009 ER PT J AU Fretwurst, E Lindstrom, G Stahl, J Pintilie, I Li, Z Kierstead, J Verbitskaya, E Roder, R AF Fretwurst, E Lindstrom, G Stahl, J Pintilie, I Li, Z Kierstead, J Verbitskaya, E Roder, R TI Bulk damage effects in standard and oxygen-enriched silicon detectors induced by Co-60-gamma radiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Radiation Effects on Semiconductor Materials Detectors and Devices CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL FLORENCE, ITALY DE silicon detectors; oxygen in silicon; radiation damage; Co-60-gamma radiation; cefects ID IRRADIATED SILICON; DEFECTS; EPR AB The influence of oxygen in silicon on bulk damage effects induced by Co-60-gamma irradiation has been studied in a dose range between 0.2 and 900 Mrad. The detector processing and oxygen enrichment were carried out in a common project by the Institute of Micro-sensors CiS using n-type high-resistivity FZ silicon (3-6 kOmega cm) with <111> and <100> orientation. Different oxygen concentrations were achieved by diffusion at 1150degreesC for 24, 48 and 72 h. This report on bulk damage effects is focussed on the observed changes in the reverse current, the effective space charge density N-eff extracted from C/V measurements and investigations using the transient current technique. A substantial improvement of radiation hardness concerning the development of the macroscopic properties was found for detectors manufactured on oxygenated material compared to standard material. It will be demonstrated that the change of the effective space charge density as well as the increase of the reverse current can be attributed to the creation of two deep acceptor levels and a shallow donor level. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. CiS Inst Microsensors, D-99099 Erfurt, Germany. Natl Inst Mat Phys, Bucharest, Romania. RP Fretwurst, E (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RI Pintilie, Ioana/C-4545-2011; Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 514 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.077 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 747NK UT WOS:000186810500002 ER PT J AU Li, Z Verbitskaya, E Fretwurst, E Kierstead, J Eremin, V Ilyashenko, I Roder, R Wilburn, C AF Li, Z Verbitskaya, E Fretwurst, E Kierstead, J Eremin, V Ilyashenko, I Roder, R Wilburn, C TI Paradoxes of steady-state and pulse operational mode characteristics of silicon detectors irradiated by ultra-high doses of gamma-rays SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Radiation Effects on Semiconductor Materials Detectors and Devices CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL FLORENCE, ITALY DE silicon detectors; radiation hardness; oxygen in silicon; gamma-ray radiation; polarization; carrier trapping ID RD48 ROSE COLLABORATION; LONG-TERM STABILITY; CHARGES N-EFF; NEUTRON; OXYGEN AB Detectors processed from standard and oxygenated Si are compared with respect to radiation hardness to ultra-high dose of gamma-rays up to 1.76 Grad. The detectors are processed by different manufactures: Silicon Detector Development and Processing Lab (SDDPL) of BNL (USA), CIS (Germany) and Micron Semiconductor (UK). Oxygenation was performed either by using High Temperature, Long Time (HTLT) oxidation in oxygen-based ambient, or by short-time high-temperature oxidation in O-2 followed by a long-time drive-in diffusion in N-2. It has been shown that radiation hardness improvement in oxygenated detectors irradiated by gamma-rays actually extends now up to ultra-high dose of 1.76 Grad. Effects of space charge sign inversion (SCSI) and linear build-up of negative space charge with gamma-ray dose have been observed in standard Si detectors, similar to the case of neutron/proton irradiation. In contrast to standard Si in detectors, it has been revealed that in oxygenated Si detectors, positive space charge is accumulated with increasing dose up to 1.76 Grad with no SCSI ("positive space charge detectors"), which is unique for gamma-irradiation. The advantage for using oxygenated Si detectors, as compared to standard Si detectors in practical applications in the ultra-high dose range of 1-1.76 Grad, has been demonstrated in terms of the profit in the reduction of full depletion voltage by a factor of 3-4, and in the reduction of leakage current by a factor of 3.2-5. In the pulse operational mode, however, polarization effect has been observed for oxygenated detectors irradiated to this ultra-high dose range of 1-1.76 Grad at room temperature, indicating the upper dose limit for a "damageless" oxygenated Si detector is about 1 Grad. The fact that this polarization occurs at RT is a paradox, since for other types of radiations it occurs only at cryogenic temperatures. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, Moscow 117901, Russia. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. CiS Inst Microsensors, Erfurt, Germany. Micron Semicond, Lancing, England. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 514 IS 1-3 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.080 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 747NK UT WOS:000186810500005 ER PT J AU Verbitskaya, E Abreu, M Anbinderis, P Anbinderis, T D'Ambrosio, N de Boer, W Borchi, E Borer, K Bruzzi, M Buontempo, S Casagrande, L Chen, W Cindro, V Dezillie, B Dierlamm, A Eremin, V Gaubas, E Gorbatenko, V Granata, V Grigoriev, E Grohmann, S Hauler, F Heijne, E Heising, S Hempel, O Herzog, R Harkonen, J Ilyashenko, I Janos, S Jungermann, L Kalesinskas, V Kapturauskas, J Laiho, R Li, Z Mandic, I De Masi, R Menichelli, D Mikuz, M Militaru, O Niinikoski, TO O'Shea, V Pagano, S Palmieri, VG Paul, S Solano, BP Piotrzkowski, K Pirollo, S Pretzl, K Mendes, PR Ruggiero, G Smith, K Sonderegger, P Sousa, P Tuominen, E Vaitkus, J da Via, C Wobst, E Zavrtanik, M AF Verbitskaya, E Abreu, M Anbinderis, P Anbinderis, T D'Ambrosio, N de Boer, W Borchi, E Borer, K Bruzzi, M Buontempo, S Casagrande, L Chen, W Cindro, V Dezillie, B Dierlamm, A Eremin, V Gaubas, E Gorbatenko, V Granata, V Grigoriev, E Grohmann, S Hauler, F Heijne, E Heising, S Hempel, O Herzog, R Harkonen, J Ilyashenko, I Janos, S Jungermann, L Kalesinskas, V Kapturauskas, J Laiho, R Li, Z Mandic, I De Masi, R Menichelli, D Mikuz, M Militaru, O Niinikoski, TO O'Shea, V Pagano, S Palmieri, VG Paul, S Solano, BP Piotrzkowski, K Pirollo, S Pretzl, K Mendes, PR Ruggiero, G Smith, K Sonderegger, P Sousa, P Tuominen, E Vaitkus, J da Via, C Wobst, E Zavrtanik, M CA RD39 Collaboration TI The effect of charge collection recovery in silicon p-n junction detectors irradiated by different particles SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Radiation Effects on Semiconductor Materials Detectors and Devices CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL FLORENCE, ITALY DE silicon detectors; radiation hardness; charge collection efficiency; carrier trapping; electric field distribution ID RD48 ROSE COLLABORATION; LONG-TERM STABILITY; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES; RADIATION HARDNESS; NEUTRON; EFFICIENCY; PROTON; OXYGEN AB The recovery of the charge collection efficiency (CCE) at low temperatures, the so-called "Lazarus effect", was studied in Si detectors irradiated by fast reactor neutrons, by protons of medium and high energy, by pions and by gamma-rays. The experimental results show that the Lazarus effect is observed: (a) after all types of irradiation; (b) before and after space charge sign inversion; (c) only in detectors that are biased at voltages resulting in partial depletion at room temperature. The experimental temperature dependence of the CCE for proton-irradiated detectors shows non-monotonic behaviour with a maximum at a temperature defined as the CCE recovery temperature. The model of the effect for proton-irradiated detectors agrees well with that developed earlier for detectors irradiated by neutrons. The same midgap acceptor-type and donor-type levels are responsible for the Lazarus effect in detectors irradiated by neutrons and by protons. A new, abnormal "zigzag"-shaped temperature dependence of the CCE was observed for detectors irradiated by all particles (neutrons, protons and pions) and by an ultra-high dose of gamma-rays, when operating at low bias voltages. This effect is explained in the framework of the double-peak electric field distribution model for heavily irradiated detectors. The redistribution of the space charge region depth between the depleted regions adjacent to p(+) and n(+) contacts is responsible for the "zigzag"-shaped curves. It is shown that the CCE recovery temperature increases with reverse bias in all detectors, regardless of the type of radiation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. LIP, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. Vilnius State Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Appl Res, LT-2040 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Karlsruhe, IEKP, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Energet, I-50139 Florence, Italy. Univ Bern, Lab Hochenergiephys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, Expt Particle Phys Dept, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Univ Geneva, Dept Radiol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. ILK Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Turku, Wihuri Phys Lab, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E18, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Verbitskaya, E (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Zavrtanik, Marko/A-1524-2008; Rato Mendes, Pedro/F-8827-2010; Pagano, Sergio/C-5332-2008; Grigoriev, Eugene/K-6650-2013; O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010; Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Bruzzi, Mara/K-1326-2015; Paul, Stephan/F-7596-2015; Paul, Stephan/K-9237-2016; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; Grohmann, Steffen/M-8671-2016 OI Abreu, Maria Conceicao/0000-0003-0093-7496; D'Ambrosio, Nicola/0000-0001-9849-8756; Zavrtanik, Marko/0000-0001-5606-6912; Rato Mendes, Pedro/0000-0001-9929-0869; Pagano, Sergio/0000-0001-6894-791X; Grigoriev, Eugene/0000-0001-7235-9715; O'Shea, Val/0000-0001-7183-1205; Bruzzi, Mara/0000-0001-7344-8365; Paul, Stephan/0000-0002-8813-0437; Paul, Stephan/0000-0002-8813-0437; Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Grohmann, Steffen/0000-0003-1298-5110 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 514 IS 1-3 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.083 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 747NK UT WOS:000186810500008 ER PT J AU Tesarek, RJ D'Auria, S Hocker, A Kordas, K McGimpsey, S Worm, S AF Tesarek, RJ D'Auria, S Hocker, A Kordas, K McGimpsey, S Worm, S TI A measurement of the radiation environment in the CDF tracking volume SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Radiation Effects on Semiconductor Materials Detectors and Devices CY JUL 10-12, 2002 CL FLORENCE, ITALY DE radiation measurement; radiation fields; ionizing radiations; non-ionizing radiations; radiation effects on instruments ID LUMINOSITY MONITOR; SILICON DETECTORS AB We present direct measurements of the spatial distribution of charged particle and photon radiation and radiation from low energy neutrons (E-n < 200 keV) inside the tracking volume of the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). Two types of thermal luminescent dosimeters are used for these measurements. Data collected from exposures with different accelerator conditions allow us to separate the radiation fields into contributions from proton beam losses and from proton-antiproton collisions. Using a simple model of a power law in 1/r, where r is the distance from the beam axis, we find the power depends on the distance from the interaction point along the beam axis with the range 1.5-2.0. Predictions based on this model show good qualitative agreement with initial measurements of the leakage currents in the low radius silicon detectors. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys, Glasgow G12 800, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON MS5 1A7, Canada. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08549 USA. RP Tesarek, RJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 514 IS 1-3 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.104 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 747NK UT WOS:000186810500029 ER PT J AU Aoki, S Fukugita, M Hashimoto, S Ishikawa, KI Ishizuka, N Iwasaki, Y Kanaya, K Kaneko, T Kuramashi, Y Okawa, M Onogi, T Tsutsui, N Ukawa, A Yamada, N Yoshie, T AF Aoki, S Fukugita, M Hashimoto, S Ishikawa, KI Ishizuka, N Iwasaki, Y Kanaya, K Kaneko, T Kuramashi, Y Okawa, M Onogi, T Tsutsui, N Ukawa, A Yamada, N Yoshie, T CA JLQCD Collaboration TI B-0-(B)over-bar(0) mixing in unquenched lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY AB We present an unquenched lattice calculation for the B-0-(B) over bar (0) transition amplitude. The calculation, carried out at an inverse lattice spacing 1/a=2.22(4) GeV, incorporates two flavors of dynamical quarks described by the O(a)-improved Wilson fermion action and heavy quarks described by nonrelativistic QCD. Particular attention is paid to the uncertainty that arises from the chiral extrapolation, especially the effect of pion loops, for light quarks, which we find could be sizable for the leptonic decay constant, whereas it is small for the B parameters. We obtain f(Bd)=191(10)((+12)(-22)) MeV, f(Bs)/f(Bd)=1.13(3)((+13)(-2)), B-Bd(m(b))=0.836(27)((+56)(-62)), B-Bs/B-Bd=1.017(16)((+56)(-17)), and xi=1.14(3)((+13)(-2)), where the first error is statistical, and the second is systematic, including uncertainties due to chiral extrapolation, finite lattice spacing, heavy quark expansion, and perturbative operator matching. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aoki, S (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. RI Ukawa, Akira/A-6549-2011; Kuramashi, Yoshinobu /C-8637-2016 NR 23 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 21 AR 212001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.212001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 746QL UT WOS:000186757000010 PM 14683290 ER PT J AU Belkin, MA Shen, YR AF Belkin, MA Shen, YR TI Doubly resonant IR-UV sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy on molecular chirality SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; INTERFACES AB We show theoretically and experimentally that for sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy near electronic transitions, resonant enhancement of the chiral response can be much stronger than that of the achiral response. The doubly resonant spectrum selectively enhances the vibrational modes through their different electron-vibration couplings. The unusually strong resonant enhancement significantly improves sensitivity of chiral spectroscopy and allows detection of the chiral vibrational spectrum of a molecular monolayer for the first time. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Belkin, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Belkin, Mikhail/E-9041-2013 OI Belkin, Mikhail/0000-0003-3172-9462 NR 15 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 21 AR 213907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.213907 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 746QL UT WOS:000186757000027 PM 14683307 ER PT J AU Chang, TH Beddo, ME Brown, CN Carey, TA Cooper, WE Gagliardi, CA Garvey, GT Geesaman, DF Hawker, EA He, XC Isenhower, LD Kaplan, DM Kaufman, SB Koetke, DD McGaughey, PL Lee, WM Leitch, MJ Moss, JM Mueller, BA Papavassiliou, V Peng, JC Reimer, PE Sadler, ME Sondheim, WE Stankus, PW Towell, RS Tribble, RE Vasiliev, MA Webb, JC Willis, JL Young, GR AF Chang, TH Beddo, ME Brown, CN Carey, TA Cooper, WE Gagliardi, CA Garvey, GT Geesaman, DF Hawker, EA He, XC Isenhower, LD Kaplan, DM Kaufman, SB Koetke, DD McGaughey, PL Lee, WM Leitch, MJ Moss, JM Mueller, BA Papavassiliou, V Peng, JC Reimer, PE Sadler, ME Sondheim, WE Stankus, PW Towell, RS Tribble, RE Vasiliev, MA Webb, JC Willis, JL Young, GR CA FNAL E866 NuSea Collaboration TI J/psi polarization in 800-GeV p-Cu interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY QUARKONIUM; COLLISIONS; CHARMONIUM; PSI; HADROPRODUCTION; SUPPRESSION; COPPER AB We present measurements of the polarization of the J/psi produced in 800-GeV proton interactions with a copper target. Polarization of the J/psi is sensitive to the c (c) over bar production and hadronization processes. A longitudinal polarization is observed at large x(F), while at small x(F) the state is produced essentially unpolarized or slightly transversely polarized. No significant variation of the polarization is observed versus p(T). C1 Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 21 AR 211801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.211801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 746QL UT WOS:000186757000009 PM 14683289 ER PT J AU Chen, SY Ecke, RE Eyink, GL Wang, X Xiao, ZL AF Chen, SY Ecke, RE Eyink, GL Wang, X Xiao, ZL TI Physical mechanism of the two-dimensional enstrophy cascade SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOCAL ENERGY FLUX; 3-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; DYNAMICS; NONLOCALITY; STATISTICS; VORTICITY AB In two-dimensional turbulence, irreversible forward transfer of enstrophy requires anticorrelation of the turbulent vorticity transport vector and the inertial-range vorticity gradient. We investigate the basic mechanism by numerical simulation of the forced Navier-Stokes equation. In particular, we obtain the probability distributions of the local enstrophy flux and of the alignment angle between vorticity gradient and transport vector. These are surprisingly symmetric and cannot be explained by a local eddy-viscosity approximation. The vorticity transport tends to be directed along streamlines of the flow and only weakly aligned down the fluctuating vorticity gradient. All these features are well explained by a local nonlinear model. The physical origin of the cascade lies in steepening of inertial-range vorticity gradients due to compression of vorticity level sets by the large-scale strain field. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Peking Univ, CCSE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, LTCS, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Chen, SY (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010; Xiao, Zuoli/N-4193-2013 OI Xiao, Zuoli/0000-0001-6123-3404 NR 24 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 21 AR 214501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.214501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 746QL UT WOS:000186757000028 PM 14683308 ER PT J AU Cucchietti, FM Dalvit, DAR Paz, JP Zurek, WH AF Cucchietti, FM Dalvit, DAR Paz, JP Zurek, WH TI Decoherence and the Loschmidt echo SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; QUANTUM BROWNIAN-MOTION; POLARIZATION ECHOES; ENTROPY PRODUCTION; SYSTEMS; CHAOS; ATTENUATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Decoherence causes entropy increase that can be quantified using, e.g., the purity sigma=Trrho(2). When the Hamiltonian of a quantum system is perturbed, its sensitivity to such perturbation can be measured by the Loschmidt echo M(t). It is given by the squared overlap between the perturbed and unperturbed state. We describe the relation between the temporal behavior of sigma(t) and the average (M) over bar (t). In this way we show that the decay of the Loschmidt echo can be analyzed using tools developed in the study of decoherence. In particular, for systems with a classically chaotic Hamiltonian the decay of sigma and (M) over bar has a regime where it is dominated by the Lyapunov exponents. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Univ Cordoba, FAMAF, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. RP Cucchietti, FM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Paz, Juan/C-5947-2008; Cucchietti, Fernando/C-7765-2016 OI Cucchietti, Fernando/0000-0002-9027-1263 NR 36 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 21 AR 210403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.210403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 746QL UT WOS:000186757000003 PM 14683283 ER PT J AU Jin, R Sales, BC Khalifah, P Mandrus, D AF Jin, R Sales, BC Khalifah, P Mandrus, D TI Observation of bulk superconductivity in NaxCoO2 center dot yH(2)O and NaxCoO2 center dot yD(2)O powder and single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Poly- and single-crystalline NaxCoO2 has been successfully intercalated with H2O and D2O as confirmed by x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements show bulk superconductivity with T-c close to 5 K in both cases. The substitution of deuterium for hydrogen has an effect on T-c of less than 0.2 K. Investigation of the resistivity anisotropy of NaxCoO2.yH(2)O single crystals shows (a) almost zero resistivity below T-c, and (b) an abrupt upturn at T(*)similar to52 K in both the ab plane and the c direction. The implications of our results on the possible superconducting mechanism will be discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Jin, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 11 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 21 AR 217001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.217001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 746QL UT WOS:000186757000050 PM 14683330 ER PT J AU Garman, D AF Garman, D TI The Bush Administration and hydrogen SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Garman, D (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5649 BP 1331 EP 1332 DI 10.1126/science.302.5649.1331 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 745HP UT WOS:000186683500024 PM 14631021 ER PT J AU Fitch, JP Raber, E Imbro, DR AF Fitch, JP Raber, E Imbro, DR TI Technology challenges in responding to biological or chemical attacks in the civilian sector SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID WARFARE AGENTS; DECONTAMINATION; MANAGEMENT AB Increasingly sophisticated technologies are needed for counterterrorism responses to biological and chemical warfare agents. Recently developed detection and identification systems are characterized by increased sensitivity, greater automation, and fewer false alarms. Attempts are also under way to reduce the cost and complexity of field-deployable systems. A broad range of decontamination reagents for equipment and personnel is emerging, but decontamination of large buildings, inaccessible spaces, and sensitive equipment remains problematic. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nonproliferat Arms Control & Int Secur Directorat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Protect Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fitch, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nonproliferat Arms Control & Int Secur Directorat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5649 BP 1350 EP 1354 DI 10.1126/science.1085922 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 745HP UT WOS:000186683500039 PM 14631029 ER PT J AU Matamala, R Gonzalez-Meler, MA Jastrow, JD Norby, RJ Schlesinger, WH AF Matamala, R Gonzalez-Meler, MA Jastrow, JD Norby, RJ Schlesinger, WH TI Impacts of fine root turnover on forest NPP and soil C sequestration potential SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON STORAGE; ECOSYSTEMS; BIOMASS; ENRICHMENT; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Estimates of forest net primary production (NPP) demand accurate estimates of root production and turnover. We assessed root turnover with the use of an isotope tracer in two forest free-air carbon dioxide enrichment experiments. Growth at elevated carbon dioxide did not accelerate root turnover in either the pine or the hardwood forest. Turnover of fine root carbon varied from 1.2 to 9 years, depending on root diameter and dominant tree species. These long turnover times suggest that root production and turnover in forests have been overestimated and that sequestration of anthropogenic atmospheric carbon in forest soils may be lower than currently estimated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Matamala, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel/0000-0001-5388-7969 NR 23 TC 249 Z9 287 U1 23 U2 117 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5649 BP 1385 EP 1387 DI 10.1126/science.1089543 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 745HP UT WOS:000186683500049 PM 14631037 ER PT J AU Grote, K Hubbard, S Rubin, Y AF Grote, K Hubbard, S Rubin, Y TI Field-scale estimation of volumetric water content using ground-penetrating radar ground wave techniques SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GPR; water content; geophysics; groundwaves; precision agriculture ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-MOISTURE; ROCK AB [1] Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) ground wave techniques were applied to estimate soil water content in the uppermost similar to 10 cm of a 3 acre California vineyard several times over 1 year. We collected densely spaced GPR travel time measurements using 900 and 450 MHz antennas and analyzed these data to estimate water content. The spatial distribution of water content across the vineyard did not change significantly with time, although the absolute water content values varied seasonally and with irrigation. The GPR estimates of water content were compared to gravimetric water content, time domain reflectometry, and soil texture measurements. The comparisons of GPR-derived estimates of water content to gravimetric water content measurements showed that the GPR estimates had a root mean square error of volumetric water content of the order of 0.01. The results from this study indicate that GPR ground waves can be used to provide noninvasive, spatially dense estimates of shallow water content over large areas and in a rapid manner. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grote, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 NR 21 TC 90 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 21 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 11 AR 1321 DI 10.1029/2003WR002045 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 749CL UT WOS:000186901000003 ER PT J AU Hicks, RW Castagnola, NB Zhang, ZR Pinnavaia, TJ Marshall, CL AF Hicks, RW Castagnola, NB Zhang, ZR Pinnavaia, TJ Marshall, CL TI Lathlike mesostructured gamma-alumina as a hydrodesulfurization catalyst support SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE gamma-alumina; mesostructured; hydrodesulfurization; catalyst support ID MOLYBDENUM SULFIDE CATALYSTS; TRANSITION-METAL SULFIDES; MESOPOROUS ALUMINA; CARBON; GAMMA-AL2O3 AB A mesostructured gamma-alumina with a lathlike framework morphology, denoted MSU-gamma, has been prepared according to previously described methods through the reassembly and crystallization of a mesostructured alumina precursor with initially amorphous framework walls and used as a support for the catalytic hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The alumina support was loaded with molybdenum and cobalt ions via incipient wetness impregnation methods and then converted to the active sulfide form by reaction with H2S. HDS reactions of DBT were carried out at 400degreesC and 400 psi to achieve a DBT conversion of 69-77% and a biphenyl (BP) product selectivity of 60-64% after a reaction time of 3 h, indicating that most of the DBT could undergo desulfurization while limiting excessive hydrogen consumption through aromatic hydrogenation. Although the dispersion of the active Mo/Co sulfide phase supported on lathlike MSU-gamma alumina remained very high after several hours on stream, the conversions most likely were limited by a loss of surface area and porosity under HDS conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pinnavaia, TJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 254 IS 2 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0926-860X(03)00476-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 753CQ UT WOS:000187214600012 ER PT J AU De Propris, R Stanford, SA Eisenhardt, PR Dickinson, M AF De Propris, R Stanford, SA Eisenhardt, PR Dickinson, M TI The K-selected Butcher-Oemler effect SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift ID DISTANT CLUSTER GALAXIES; FRANCE REDSHIFT SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; HST OBSERVATIONS; FIELD GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; RICH CLUSTERS; DISK GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS AB We investigate the Butcher-Oemler effect using samples of galaxies brighter than observed-frame K* + 1.5 in 33 clusters at 0.1 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.9. We attempt to duplicate as closely as possible the methodology of Butcher & Oemler. Apart from selecting in the K band, the most important difference is that we use a brightness limit fixed at 1.5 mag below an observed-frame K* rather than the nominal limit of rest-frame M-V = -20 used by Butcher & Oemler. For an early-type galaxy at z = 0.1, our sample cutoff is 0.2 mag brighter than rest-frame M-V = -20, while at z = 0.9, our cuto. is 0.9 mag brighter. If the blue galaxies tend to be faint, then the difference in magnitude limits should result in our measuring lower blue fractions. A more minor difference from the Butcher & Oemler methodology is that the area covered by our galaxy samples has a radius of 0.5 or 0.7 Mpc at all redshifts, rather than R-30, the radius containing 30% of the cluster population. In practice our field sizes are generally similar to those used by Butcher & Oemler. We find that the fraction of blue galaxies in our K-selected samples is lower on average than that derived from several optically selected samples and that it shows little trend with redshift. However, at the redshifts z < 0.6, at which our sample overlaps with that of Butcher & Oemler, the difference in f(B) as determined from our K-selected samples and those of Butcher & Oemler is much reduced. The large scatter in the measured f(B), even in small redshift ranges, in our study indicates that determining the f(B) for a much larger sample of clusters from K-selected galaxy samples is important. As a test of our methods, our data allow us to construct optically selected samples down to rest-frame M-V = -20, as used by Butcher & Oemler, for four clusters that are common between our sample and theirs. For these rest-frame V-selected samples, we find similar fractions of blue galaxies to Butcher & Oemler, while the K-selected samples for the same four clusters yield blue fractions that are typically half as large. This comparison indicates that selecting in the K band is the primary difference between our study and previous optically based studies of the Butcher & Oemler effect. Selecting in the observed K band is more nearly a process of selecting galaxies by their mass than is the case for optically selected samples. Our results suggest that the Butcher-Oemler effect is at least partly due to low-mass galaxies whose optical luminosities are boosted. These lower mass galaxies could evolve into the rich dwarf population observed in nearby clusters. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP De Propris, R (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 1 BP 20 EP 35 DI 10.1086/378697 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745KW UT WOS:000186688700003 ER PT J AU Knop, RA Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Blanc, G Burns, MS Conley, A Deustua, SE Doi, M Ellis, R Fabbro, S Folatelli, G Fruchter, AS Garavini, G Garmond, S Garton, K Gibbons, R Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, DE Hardin, D Hook, I Howell, DA Kim, AG Lee, BC Lidman, C Mendez, J Nobili, S Nugent, PE Pain, R Panagia, N Pennypacker, CR Perlmutter, S Quimby, R Raux, J Regnault, N Ruiz-Lapuente, P Sainton, G Schaefer, B Schahmaneche, K Smith, E Spadafora, AL Stanishev, V Sullivan, M Walton, NA Wang, L Wood-Vasey, WM Yasuda, N AF Knop, RA Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Blanc, G Burns, MS Conley, A Deustua, SE Doi, M Ellis, R Fabbro, S Folatelli, G Fruchter, AS Garavini, G Garmond, S Garton, K Gibbons, R Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, DE Hardin, D Hook, I Howell, DA Kim, AG Lee, BC Lidman, C Mendez, J Nobili, S Nugent, PE Pain, R Panagia, N Pennypacker, CR Perlmutter, S Quimby, R Raux, J Regnault, N Ruiz-Lapuente, P Sainton, G Schaefer, B Schahmaneche, K Smith, E Spadafora, AL Stanishev, V Sullivan, M Walton, NA Wang, L Wood-Vasey, WM Yasuda, N CA Supernova Cosmology Project TI New constraints on Omega(M), Omega(Lambda), and w from an independent set of 11 high-redshift supernovae observed with the Hubble Space Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; supernovae : general ID FARTHEST KNOWN SUPERNOVA; CHARGE-TRANSFER EFFICIENCY; OPTICAL LIGHT CURVES; IA SUPERNOVAE; ACCELERATING UNIVERSE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; INTERGALACTIC DUST; UBVRI PHOTOMETRY; PARENT GALAXIES AB We report measurements of Omega(M), Omega(A), and w from 11 supernovae (SNe) at z = 0.36-0.86 with high-quality light curves measured using WFPC2 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). This is an independent set of high-redshift SNe that confirms previous SN evidence for an accelerating universe. The high-quality light curves available from photometry on WFPC2 make it possible for these 11 SNe alone to provide measurements of the cosmological parameters comparable in statistical weight to the previous results. Combined with earlier Supernova Cosmology Project data, the new SNe yield a measurement of the mass density Omega M = 0.25(-0.06)(+0.07) (statistical) +/- 0.04 (identified systematics), or equivalently, a cosmological constant of Omega(A) = 0.75(-0.07)(+0.06) (statistical) +/- 0.04 (identified systematics), under the assumptions of a. at universe and that the dark energy equation-of-state parameter has a constant value w = -1. When the SN results are combined with independent flat-universe measurements of Omega(M) from cosmic microwave background and galaxy redshift distortion data, they provide a measurement of w = -1.05(-0.20)(+0.15) (statistical) +/- 0.09 (identified systematic), if w is assumed to be constant in time. In addition to high-precision light-curve measurements, the new data offer greatly improved color measurements of the high-redshift SNe and hence improved host galaxy extinction estimates. These extinction measurements show no anomalous negative E( B-V) at high redshift. The precision of the measurements is such that it is possible to perform a host galaxy extinction correction directly for individual SNe without any assumptions or priors on the parent E(B-V) distribution. Our cosmological fits using full extinction corrections confirm that dark energy is required with P(Omega(A) > 0) > 0.99, a result consistent with previous and current SN analyses that rely on the identification of a low-extinction subset or prior assumptions concerning the intrinsic extinction distribution. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Stockholm, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Haute Energies, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. Colorado Coll, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Amer Astron Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Multidisiplinar Astrofis, P-1300 Lisbon, Portugal. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Nucl & Astrophys Lab, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38780 Santa Cruz De La Palma, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RP Knop, RA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 1803,Stn B, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. RI Folatelli, Gaston/A-4484-2011; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Stanishev, Vallery/M-8930-2013; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; Blanc, Guillermo/I-5260-2016 OI Stanishev, Vallery/0000-0002-7626-1181; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; NR 105 TC 1024 Z9 1030 U1 1 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 1 BP 102 EP 137 DI 10.1086/378560 PN 1 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745KW UT WOS:000186688700009 ER PT J AU Stacy, JG Vestrand, WT Sreekumar, P AF Stacy, JG Vestrand, WT Sreekumar, P TI The gamma-ray blazar PKS 0208-512 from Mev to Gev energies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; gamma rays : observations; quasars : individual (PKS 0208-512) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; EXPERIMENT TELESCOPE; PKS 0208-512; EMISSION; COMPTEL; VARIABILITY; QUASARS; FLARES AB We present a comprehensive report on the high-energy properties of the gamma-ray blazar PKS 0208-512 as observed with EGRET and the Imaging Compton Telescope (COMPTEL) of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), spanning the entire nine-year mission (1991-2000). More high-significance detections were recorded with EGRET of PKS 0208-512 (nine at greater than 6 sigma confidence) than for any other gamma-ray blazar. On timescales of weeks to months, PKS 0208-512 is one of the five most variable of the gamma-ray blazars. We find a statistically significant correlation between intensity and spectral index for PKS 0208-512, and this source constitutes the best example of spectral hardening with intensity within the EGRET database of blazar observations. Under the assumption of isotropic Eddington-limited emission, we infer a black hole mass of approximately 6 x 10(7) M-circle dot at the nucleus of PKS 0208-512. Gamma-ray transparency arguments, however, clearly support the hypothesis of relativistic beaming in PKS 0208-512, with a minimum relativistic Doppler factor for the jet of delta greater than or similar to 3.2 at GeV energies. We have also carried out a comprehensive reanalysis of the COMPTEL data associated with PKS 0208-512 at MeV energies and reexamined the earlier reports of excess 1-3 MeV emission from this source. For individual CGRO viewing periods, we find upper limits only for MeV emission from PKS 0208-512. Our reanalysis of the original COMPTEL data for the period 1993 May-June leads us to conclude that the significance of the original reported detection is marginal at best and that there is no compelling evidence at present for the existence of a distinct flaring state for PKS 0208-512 at MeV energies. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ISRO, Satellite Ctr, Space Astron & Instrumentat Div, Bangalore 560017, Karnataka, India. Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. RP Stacy, JG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 98 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 1 BP 216 EP 231 DI 10.1086/377632 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745KW UT WOS:000186688700016 ER PT J AU Israel, GL Covino, S Stella, L Mauche, CW Campana, S Marconi, G Hummel, W Mereghetti, S Munari, U Negueruela, I AF Israel, GL Covino, S Stella, L Mauche, CW Campana, S Marconi, G Hummel, W Mereghetti, S Munari, U Negueruela, I TI Unveiling the nature of the 321 second modulation in RX J0806.3+1527: Near-simultaneous Chandra and very large telescope observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; binaries : general; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (RX J0806.3+1527; RX J1914.4+2456); white dwarfs; X-rays : binaries ID DOUBLE-DEGENERATE POLAR; SHORTEST PERIOD BINARY; RX J0806.3+1527; ORBITAL PERIOD; ROSAT; PHOTOMETRY; STARS AB We report on the first near-simultaneous X-ray and optical observations of RX J0806.3+ 1527. The source is believed to be a 321 s orbital period ultracompact binary system hosting an X-ray -emitting white dwarf. Data were obtained with Chandra and the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) in 2001 November. We found an optical/X-ray phase shift in the periodic modulation of about 0.5, strongly favoring the existence of two distinct emission regions in the two bands (for the pulsed fluxes). The Chandra data allow us to study, for the first time, the spectral continuum of RX J0806.3+ 1527 in soft X-rays. This was well fitted by a blackbody spectrum with kT similar to 65 eV and hydrogen column density of N-H similar to 5 x 10(20) cm(-2). The average (unabsorbed) source 0.1 - 2.5 keV luminosity during the modulation-on phase is L-X similar to 5 x 10(32) ergs s(-1) (assuming a distance of 500 pc). Such a value is lower than the luminosity expected if stable mass transfer between two white dwarfs were driven by gravitational radiation. Evidence for absorption-like features are present in the phase-averaged spectrum at about 0.53, 0.64, and 1.26 keV, which may be attributed to heavy elements (C and N). We compare and discuss these findings with other binary systems hosting an accreting white dwarf. C1 Int Ctr Relat Astrophys, Osservatorio Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, Lc, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Sez Milano G Occhialini, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-36012 Asiago, Italy. Univ Alicante, Dept Fis Ingn Sistemas & Teoria Senales, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. RP Israel, GL (reprint author), Int Ctr Relat Astrophys, Osservatorio Astron Roma, INAF, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy. RI Negueruela, Ignacio/L-5483-2014; OI Negueruela, Ignacio/0000-0003-1952-3680; Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; Israel, GianLuca/0000-0001-5480-6438; Munari, Ulisse/0000-0001-6805-9664; Covino, Stefano/0000-0001-9078-5507 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 1 BP 492 EP 500 DI 10.1086/378803 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745KW UT WOS:000186688700041 ER PT J AU Alcock, C Alves, DR Becker, A Bennett, D Cook, KH Drake, A Freeman, K Geha, M Griest, K Kovacs, G Lehner, M Marshall, S Minniti, D Nelson, C Peterson, B Popowski, P Pratt, M Quinn, P Rodgers, A Stubbs, C Sutherland, W Vandehei, T Welch, DL AF Alcock, C Alves, DR Becker, A Bennett, D Cook, KH Drake, A Freeman, K Geha, M Griest, K Kovacs, G Lehner, M Marshall, S Minniti, D Nelson, C Peterson, B Popowski, P Pratt, M Quinn, P Rodgers, A Stubbs, C Sutherland, W Vandehei, T Welch, DL CA MACHO Collaboration TI The Macho project Large Magellanic Cloud variable star inventory. XI. Frequency analysis of the fundamental-mode RR Lyrae stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters : general; stars : horizontal-branch; stars : oscillations; stars : variables : other (RR Lyrae) ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; UNEQUALLY-SPACED DATA; NONRADIAL MODES; DWARF GALAXY; DATABASE; PERIOD AB We have frequency-analyzed 6391 variables classified earlier as fundamental-mode RR Lyrae (RR0) stars in the MACHO database on the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The overwhelming majority (i.e., 96%) of these variables have been proved to be indeed RR0 stars, whereas the remaining ones have fallen into one of the following categories: single- and double-mode Cepheids, binaries, first-overtone and double-mode RR Lyrae stars, and nonclassified variables. Special attention has been paid to the properties of the amplitude- and phase-modulated RR0 stars ( the Blazhko stars). We found altogether 731 Blazhko variables showing either a doublet or an equidistant triplet pattern at the main pulsation component in their frequency spectra. This sample overwhelmingly exceeds the number of Blazhko stars known in all other systems combined. The incidence rate of the Blazhko variables among the RR0 stars in the LMC is 11.9%, which is 3 times higher than their rate among the first-overtone RR Lyrae stars. No difference is found in the average brightness between the single- mode and Blazhko variables. However, the latter ones show a somewhat lower degree of skewness in their average light curves and a concomitant lower total amplitude in their modulation-free light curves. From the frequency spectra we found that variables with larger modulation amplitudes at the higher frequency side of the main pulsation component are 3 times more common than the ones showing the opposite amplitude pattern. A search for a modulation component with the Blazhko period in the average brightness of the individual variables showed the existence of such a modulation with an overall amplitude of approximate to 0.006 mag. On the other hand, a similar search for quadruple modulation patterns around the main pulsation component has failed to clearly detect such components at the approximate to 0.004 mag level. This means that the amplitudes of the quadruple components ( if they exist) should be, on average, at least 10 times smaller than those of the triplet components. This finding and the existence of Blazhko variables with highly asymmetric modulation amplitudes not only question the validity of the magnetic oblique rotator model but also put stringent constraints on models based on mode-coupling theories. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Konkoly Observ Budapest, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Alcock, C (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985 NR 28 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 598 IS 1 BP 597 EP 609 DI 10.1086/378689 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 745KW UT WOS:000186688700050 ER PT J AU Colgate, SA Cen, RY Li, H Currier, N Warren, MS AF Colgate, SA Cen, RY Li, H Currier, N Warren, MS TI Cosmological Mestel disks and the Rossby vortex instability: The origin of supermassive black holes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies : formation; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; hydrodynamics; instabilities ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; THIN ACCRETION DISKS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; WAVE INSTABILITY; DARK-MATTER; MASER EMISSION; HALOS; GALAXIES; COLLAPSE AB A scenario is put forth for the formation of supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies. It depends uon the formation of a Mestel disk with a flat rotation curve, M-C2H6; VARIABLE REACTION COORDINATE; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; VINYL RADICALS; KINETICS; DISSOCIATION AB A variational multifaceted dividing surface generalization of the variable reaction coordinate (VRC) approach is described. This approach involves the incorporation and optimization of multiple pivot points for each fragment. Illustrative applications to a variety of barrierless reactions with multiple addition channels are presented. For the addition of H atoms to propargyl radical a high level ab initio potential is employed and comparisons are made with trajectory simulations and with prior implementations of VRC-TST. The multifaceted VRC-TST results agree with the trajectory results to within 5-10% as do prior approximate multifaceted VRC-TST results, obtained via the neglect of the flux through certain connecting surfaces. In contrast, results based on the sums of properly variational single faced results differ significantly, being similar to15-20% greater. Notably, the optimal multifaceted transition state dividing surfaces are again in qualitative accord with contours of the radical molecular orbital. Applications to the CH3 + CH3 and C2H3 + O-2 reactions further illustrate the dependence of the results on the use of multiple pivot points, while also illustrating the implementation of directly determined density functional interaction energies. Interestingly, these a priori results are in reasonable agreement with experiment for both these reactions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Georgievskii, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 29 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 46 BP 9776 EP 9781 DI 10.1021/jp034564b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 743MB UT WOS:000186574600006 ER PT J AU Grodkowski, J Neta, P Wishart, JF AF Grodkowski, J Neta, P Wishart, JF TI Pulse radiolysis study of the reactions of hydrogen atoms in the ionic liquid methyltributylammonium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REACTION-KINETICS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CYCLOHEXANE SOLUTIONS; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; KETYL RADICALS; EXCITED STATES; DIMER CATIONS AB Reactions of hydrogen atoms with pyrene, phenanthrene, benzophenone, 2-propanol, and crotonic acid in the ionic liquid methyltributylammonium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (R4NNTf2) were studied by pulse radiolysis. Radiolysis of the ionic liquid leads to formation of dry electrons and solvated electrons, which are scavenged by H3O+ to produce H-. atoms. Hydrogen atoms react very rapidly with pyrene (3.8 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1)) and phenanthrene (2.9 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1)) to form H-adduct radicals with sharp absorption peaks at 405 and 395 nm, respectively. They also react with benzophenone to form ring adducts, but the reaction is much slower. By competition kinetics with pyrene, the rate constants for reactions of H-. atoms with 2-PrOH and with crotonic acid were estimated to be approximate to6 x 10(7) and 4.6 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1), respectively. All the rate constants, except for benzophenone, are similar to the values measured or estimated for the same reactions in aqueous solutions. The reactions with the aromatic hydrocarbons must be diffusion-controlled but are faster than diffusion-controlled reactions for solvated electrons in the same ionic liquid. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Neta, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 34 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 46 BP 9794 EP 9799 DI 10.1021/jp035265p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 743MB UT WOS:000186574600008 ER PT J AU Hirata, S AF Hirata, S TI Tensor contraction engine: Abstraction and automated parallel implementation of configuration-interaction, coupled-cluster, and many-body perturbation theories SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-GENERATION; FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS; ELECTRON THEORY; EXCITATIONS; EQUATIONS; INCLUSION; STATES; SINGLE AB We have developed a symbolic manipulation program and program generator (tensor contraction engine or TCE) that abstracts and automates the time-consuming, error-prone processes of deriving the working equations of a well-defined model of second-quantized many-electron theories and synthesizing efficient parallel computer programs on the basis of these equations. Provided an ansatz of a many-electron theory model, TCE performs valid contractions of creation and annihilation operators according to Wick's theorem, consolidates identical terms, and reduces the expressions into the form of multiple tensor contractions acted upon by permutation operators. It subsequently determines the binary contraction order for each multiple tensor contraction with the minimal operation and memory cost, factorizes common binary contractions (defines intermediate tensors), and identifies reusable intermediates. The resulting ordered list of binary tensor contractions, additions, and index permutations is translated into an optimized program that is combined with the NWCHEM and UTCHEM computational chemistry software packages. The programs synthesized by TCE take advantage of spin symmetry (within the spin-orbital formalisms), real Abelian point-group symmetry, and index permutation symmetry at every stage of the calculations to minimize the number of arithmetic operations and storage requirement, adjust the peak local memory usage by index-range tiling, and support parallel I/O interfaces and dynamic load balancing for parallel executions. We demonstrate the utility of TCE through automatic derivation and implementation of parallel programs for a range of predictive computational methods-configuration-interaction theory (CISD, CISDT, CISDTQ), generalized many-body perturbation theory [MBPT(2), MBPT(3), MBPT(4)], and coupled-cluster theory (LCCD, CCD, LCCSD, CCSD, QCISD, CCSDT, and CCSDTQ), some for the first time-and discuss the performance of the implemented programs. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM so.hirata@pnl.gov NR 30 TC 201 Z9 201 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 46 BP 9887 EP 9897 DI 10.1021/jp034596z PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 743MB UT WOS:000186574600017 ER PT J AU Gnanakaran, S Garcia, AE AF Gnanakaran, S Garcia, AE TI Validation of an all-atom protein force field: From dipeptides to larger peptides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID POLARIZED VISIBLE RAMAN; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ALANINE; WATER; DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; TRIALANINE; MOLECULES; BACKBONE; FTIR AB New experimental techniques are capable of determining the relative population of conformations adopted by short alanine peptides in water. Most of the existing all-atom force fields used to model proteins fail to reproduce the relative population of the most relevant conformations of peptides. The calculated relative population of conformations varies significantly depending on the force field chosen, thus urging the need to check the validity and consistency of force fields over a range of peptide lengths. Here, we show how the applicability of a modified version of AMBER force field (A94/MOD) can extend from short to large peptides. It is also capable of reproducing the expected shift in conformational preference with increasing peptide length and temperature. Importantly, the consistency of the force field is judged by direct comparison to experiments rather than to the relative energies of conformations obtained from ab initio calculations. Importantly, this study illustrates that many aspects of protein force fields are already well refined and may only require minor refinements to accurately reproduce experimental observations over a range of systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garcia, AE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, T10,MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 46 BP 12555 EP 12557 DI 10.1021/jp0359079 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 743MA UT WOS:000186574500002 ER PT J AU Marjanska, M Goodson, BM Castiglione, F Pines, A AF Marjanska, M Goodson, BM Castiglione, F Pines, A TI Inclusion complexes oriented in thermotropic liquid-crystalline solvents studied with carbon-13 NMR SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID CRYPTOPHANE-A; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; ORGANIC SOLUTION; XENON; BINDING; ENCAPSULATION; ENHANCEMENT; CHLOROFORM; XE-129 AB The inclusion complex of cryptophane-A and chloroform dissolved in two nonchiral liquid-crystalline environments was investigated via C-13 NMR. Stable solutions of oriented complexes were prepared using aromatic (ZLI 1132) and aliphatic (ZLI 1695) thermotropic nematic liquid crystals as solvents; ordering of the complexes was manifested by the H-1-C-13 dipolar splitting of the C-13 resonance of labeled chloroform. In both solutions, the dipolar splitting for the bound ligands was substantially larger than that obtained for the free ligands, indicating a significant increase in ligand ordering upon complexation despite the absence of direct contact with the oriented solvent molecules. A similar enhancement in ordering was observed for complexed ligands compared to that for free ligands in both liquid-crystalline solvents. Also, the application of heteronuclear decoupling to the ZLI 1695 solution resulted in a reduced line width for the bound C-13 chloroform resonance, suggesting that a significant component of the observed line broadening may originate from intermolecular couplings between host and guest molecules. These results demonstrate the potential for using restored dipolar couplings to investigate structural and dynamical aspects of inclusion complexes in solution. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Goodson, Boyd/0000-0001-6079-5077 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 46 BP 12558 EP 12561 DI 10.1021/jp030431e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 743MA UT WOS:000186574500003 ER PT J AU Matsuo, S Nachimuthu, P Lindle, DW Wakita, H Perera, RCC AF Matsuo, S Nachimuthu, P Lindle, DW Wakita, H Perera, RCC TI Electronic structures of crystalline and aqueous solutions of LiBr, NaBr, KBr, and KBrO3: In situ Br L-edge near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID ION AB The electronic structures of crystalline and aqueous solutions of LiBr, NaBr, KBr, and KBrO3 were studied using in-situ Br L-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) under ambient conditions. The direct observation of the ligand-field potential (10Dq) allows the determination of their dependence on the interatomic distances between Br and the first near neighbor in crystalline LiBr, NaBr, KBr, and KBrO3 and the effect of hydration in the corresponding aqueous solutions. DV-Xalpha molecular-orbital calculations show that for both crystalline and aqueous solutions of KBr, the transitions occur from Br 2p to the unoccupied states containing mainly 4d orbitals of Br. The 5s and 5p orbitals of Br and 3d orbitals of K also contribute to the unoccupied states in addition to the 4d orbitals of neighbor Br due to the orbital mixing in crystalline KBr. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Fukuoka Univ, Adv Mat Inst, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Fukuoka Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. RP Perera, RCC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 46 BP 12562 EP 12565 DI 10.1021/jp0304327 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 743MA UT WOS:000186574500004 ER PT J AU Gogoladze, I Mimura, Y Nandi, S Tobe, K AF Gogoladze, I Mimura, Y Nandi, S Tobe, K TI Test of gauge-Yukawa unification SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; VANISHING BETA-FUNCTIONS; GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES; YANG-MILLS THEORY; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; THRESHOLD CORRECTIONS; HIGGS UNIFICATION; HIERARCHY PROBLEM; WEINBERG ANGLE; TOP-QUARK AB Recently it has been proposed that, in the framework of quantum field theory, both the Standard Model gauge and Yukawa interactions arise from a single gauge interaction in higher dimensions with supersymmetry. This leads to the unification of the Standard Model gauge couplings and the third family Yukawa couplings at the GUT scale. In this Letter, we make a detailed study of this unification using the current experimental data, and find a good agreement in a significant region of the parameter space. Similar relations, required in finite grand unification models, are also studied. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gogoladze, I (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM ilia@hep.phy.okstate.edu; mimura2y@uregina.ca; shaown@okstate.edu; ktobe@umich.edu NR 61 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 575 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.09.051 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 742DV UT WOS:000186501700011 ER PT J AU Alfonso, DR Cugini, AV Sholl, DS AF Alfonso, DR Cugini, AV Sholl, DS TI Density functional theory studies of sulfur binding on Pd, Cu and Ag and their alloys SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alloys; chemisorption; density functional calculations; sulphur; metallic surfaces; adatoms; low index single crystal surfaces; surface electronic phenomena (work function; surface potential, surface states, etc.) ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; PALLADIUM-SILVER ALLOYS; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SURFACE MICROSTRUCTURE; HYDROGEN CHEMISORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ADSORBATE STRUCTURE; METAL-SURFACES; CO ADSORPTION AB We present gradient corrected density functional theory calculations on the adsorption of sulfur on pure Pd(1 1 1), Cu(1 1 1) and Ag(1 1 1) surfaces as well as on PdCu3(1 1 1), Pd. Cu(1 1 1), PdCu(1 1 0), PdAg,(1 1 1) and Pd3Ag(1 1 1) surfaces. Sulfur forms strong bonds with all the surfaces and favors hollow sites in every case. The binding energies on the pure metals show considerable variation and follow the trend: E-bind(Pd(1 1 1)) > E-bind(Cu(1 1 1)) > E-bind(Ag(1 1 1)). On the alloy surfaces, the adsorption energies in general are weaker in comparison to adsorption on the Pd(1 1 1) surface but the reduction in binding is not large. The strong interaction of sulfur with these surfaces arises from re-hybridization of the p-states of the adsorbate with the substrate sp- and d-bands. We confirm that there is nearly a linear correlation between the binding energies of S on similar adsorption sites and the d-band center of surface atoms whose structure remain close to their bulk-truncated position. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Parsons Project Serv Inc, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. RP Alfonso, DR (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 79 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 20 PY 2003 VL 546 IS 1 BP 12 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2003.08.053 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 741JH UT WOS:000186454600003 ER PT J AU Vincent, P Larsen, S Galloway, D Laczniak, RJ Walter, WR Foxall, W Zucca, JJ AF Vincent, P Larsen, S Galloway, D Laczniak, RJ Walter, WR Foxall, W Zucca, JJ TI New signatures of underground nuclear tests revealed by satellite radar interferometry SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] New observations of surface displacement caused by past underground nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) are presented using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). The InSAR data reveal both coseismic and postseismic subsidence signals that extend one kilometer or more across regardless of whether or not a surface crater was formed from each test. While surface craters and other coseismic surface effects (ground cracks, etc.) may be detectable using high resolution optical or other remote sensing techniques, these broader, more subtle subsidence signals ( one to several centimeters distributed over an area 1-2 kilometers across) are not detectable using other methods [Barker et al., 1998]. A time series of interferograms reveal that the postseismic signals develop and persist for months to years after the tests and that different rates and styles of deformation occur depending on the geologic and hydrologic setting and conditions of the local test area. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Vincent, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Walter, William/C-2351-2013; OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616; Galloway, Devin/0000-0003-0904-5355 NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 22 AR 2141 DI 10.1029/2003GL018179 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 749BC UT WOS:000186897900003 ER PT J AU Errandonea, D Somayazulu, M Hausermann, D Mao, HK AF Errandonea, D Somayazulu, M Hausermann, D Mao, HK TI Melting of tantalum at high pressure determined by angle dispersive x-ray diffraction in a double-sided laser-heated diamond-anvil cell SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SHOCK COMPRESSION; EARTHS CORE; METALS; IRON; TEMPERATURES; CURVE; MODEL; SYSTEMATICS AB The high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram of Ta has been studied in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (DAC) using x-ray diffraction measurements up to 52 GPa and 3800 K. The melting was observed at nine different pressures, the melting temperature being in good agreement with previous laser-heated DAC experiments, but in contradiction with several theoretical calculations and previous piston-cylinder apparatus experiments. A small slope for the melting curve of Ta is estimated (dT(M)/dP approximate to 24 K GPa(-1) at 1 bar) and a possible explanation for this behaviour is given. Finally, a P-V-T equation of states is obtained, the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient and the bulk modulus being estimated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Carnegie Inst Washington, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Aplicada, ICMUV, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Carnegie Inst Washington, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 434E,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM daniel.errandonca@uv.es RI Errandonea, Daniel/J-7695-2016 OI Errandonea, Daniel/0000-0003-0189-4221 NR 68 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 19 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 45 BP 7635 EP 7649 AR PII S0953-8984(03)68532-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/45/003 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 752KL UT WOS:000187159600007 ER PT J AU Londergan, CH Rocha, RC Brown, MG Shreve, AP Kubiak, CP AF Londergan, CH Rocha, RC Brown, MG Shreve, AP Kubiak, CP TI Intervalence involvement of bridging ligand vibrations in hexaruthenium mixed-valence clusters probed by resonance Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CREUTZ-TAUBE ION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SPECTRA; COMPLEXES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Shreve, AP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 19 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 46 BP 13912 EP 13913 DI 10.1021/ja036127g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 743NV UT WOS:000186580600002 PM 14611199 ER PT J AU Wang, XB Niu, SQ Yang, X Ibrahim, SK Pickett, CJ Ichiye, T Wang, LS AF Wang, XB Niu, SQ Yang, X Ibrahim, SK Pickett, CJ Ichiye, T Wang, LS TI Probing the intrinsic electronic structure of the cubane [4Fe-4S] cluster: Nature's favorite cluster for electron transfer and storage SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; MULTIPLY-CHARGED ANIONS; REPULSIVE COULOMB BARRIER; PHOTODETACHMENT PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII NITROGENASE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; FERROUS FE4S4 CLUSTER; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; BASIS-SET AB The cubane [4Fe-4S] is the most common multinuclear metal center in nature for electron transfer and storage. Using electrospray, we produced a series of gaseous doubly charged cubane-type complexes, [Fe(4)S(4)L(4)](2-) (L = -SC(2)H(5), -SH, -Cl, -Br, -l) and the Se-analogues [Fe(4)Se(4)L(4)](2-) (L = -SC(2)H(5), -Cl), and probed their electronic structures with photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations. The photoelectron spectral features are similar among all the seven species investigated, revealing a weak threshold feature due to the minority spins on the Fe centers and confirming the low-spin two-layer model for the [4Fe-4S](2+) core and its "inverted level scheme". The measured adiabatic detachment energies, which are sensitive to the terminal ligand substitution, provide the intrinsic oxidation potentials of the [Fe(4)S(4)L(4)](2-) complexes. The calculations revealed a simple correlation between the electron donor property of the terminal thiolate as well as the bridging sulfide with the variation of the intrinsic redox potentials. Our data provide intrinsic electronic structure information of the [4Fe-4S] cluster and the molecular basis for understanding the protein and solvent effects on the redox properties of the [4Fe-4S] active sites. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. John Innes Inst, Dept Biol Chem, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov RI PICKETT, CHRISTOPHER/F-3896-2010 OI PICKETT, CHRISTOPHER/0000-0003-3142-0780 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 45303, GM 63555] NR 70 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 19 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 46 BP 14072 EP 14081 DI 10.1021/ja036831x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 743NV UT WOS:000186580600047 PM 14611244 ER PT J AU Peterson, LA Vu, C Hingerty, BE Broyde, S Cosman, M AF Peterson, LA Vu, C Hingerty, BE Broyde, S Cosman, M TI Solution structure of an O-6[4-oxo-4-(3-Pyridyl)butyl]guanine adduct in an 11mer DNA duplex: Evidence for formation of a base triplex SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; O-6-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; B-DNA; O-6-METHYLGUANINE; O-6-<4-OXO-4-(3-PYRIDYL)BUTYL>GUANINE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; CARCINOGENESIS; ASSIGNMENT AB The pyridyloxobutylating agents derived from metabolically activated tobacco-specific nitrosamines can covalently modify guanine bases in DNA at the O-6 position. The adduct formed, O-6-[4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyl]guanine ([POB]dG), results in mutations that can lead to tumor formation, posing a significant cancer risk to humans exposed to tobacco smoke. A combined NMR-molecular mechanics computational approach was used to determine the solution structure of the [POB]dG adduct within an 11mer duplex sequence d(CCATAT-[POB]G-GCCC).d(GGGCCATATGG). In agreement with the NMR results, the POB ligand is located in the major groove, centered between the flanking 5'-side dT.dA and the 3'-side dG.dC base pairs and thus in the plane of the modified [POB]dG.dC base pair, which is displaced slightly into the minor groove. The modified base pair in the structure adopts wobble base pairing (hydrogen bonds between [POB]dG(NI) and dC(NH4) amino proton and between [POB]dG(NH2) amino proton and dC(N3)). A hydrogen bond appears to occur between the POB carbonyl oxygen and the partner dC's second amino proton. The modified guanine purine base, partner cytosine pyrimidine base, and POB pyridyl ring form a triplex via this unusual hydrogen-bonding pattern. The phosphodiester backbone twists at the lesion site, accounting for the unusual phosphorus chemical shift differences relative to those for the control DNA duplex. The helical distortions and wobble base pairing induced by the covalent binding of POB to the O-6-position of dG help explain the significant decrease of 17.6 degreesC in melting temperature of the modified duplex relative to the unmodified control. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Canc, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Cosman, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Peterson, Lisa/0000-0001-8715-4480 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75449, CA59887] NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 18 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 45 BP 13134 EP 13144 DI 10.1021/bi035217v PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 743ER UT WOS:000186559900005 PM 14609323 ER PT J AU Bewley, MC Davis, CA Marohnic, CC Taormina, D Barber, MJ AF Bewley, MC Davis, CA Marohnic, CC Taormina, D Barber, MJ TI The structure of the S127P mutant of cytochrome b(5) reductase that causes methemoglobinemia shows the AMP moiety of the flavin occupying the substrate binding site SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES; NADH-CYTOCHROME-B5 REDUCTASE; B5 REDUCTASE; HEREDITARY METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; CONGENITAL METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; LYSYL RESIDUES; NADH-BINDING; FLAVOPROTEIN; PARTICIPATION AB Methemoglobinemia, the first hereditary disease to be identified that involved an enzyme deficiency, has been ascribed to mutations in the enzyme cytochrome b(5) reductase. A variety of defects in either the erythrocytic or microsomal forms of the enzyme have been identified that give rise to the type I or type II variant of the disease, respectively. The positions of the methemoglobinemia-causing mutations are scattered throughout the protein sequence, but the majority of the nontruncated mutants that produce type II symptoms occur close to the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor binding site. While X-ray structures have been determined for the soluble, flavin-containing diaphorase domains of the rat and pig enzymes, no X-ray or NMR structure has been described for the human enzyme or any of the methemoglobinemia variants. S127P, a mutant that causes type II methemoglobinemia, was the first to be positively identified and have its spectroscopic and kinetic properties characterized that revealed altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) substrate binding behavior. To understand these changes at a structural level, we have determined the structure of the S127P mutant of rat cytochrome b(5) reductase to 1.8 Angstrom resolution, providing the first structural snapshot of a cytochrome b(5) reductase mutant that causes methemoglobinemia. The high-resolution structure revealed that the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) moiety of the FAD prosthetic group is displaced into the corresponding ADP binding site of the physiological substrate, NADH, thus acting as a substrate inhibitor which is consistent with both the spectroscopic and kinetic data. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Bewley, MC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mail Code H171,500 Univ Dr,POB 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM32696] NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 18 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 45 BP 13145 EP 13151 DI 10.1021/bi034915c PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 743ER UT WOS:000186559900006 PM 14609324 ER PT J AU Eriksson, TA Lee, YJ Hollingsworth, J Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ Zhang, XF Doeff, MA AF Eriksson, TA Lee, YJ Hollingsworth, J Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ Zhang, XF Doeff, MA TI Influence of substitution on the structure and electrochemistry of layered manganese oxides SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; LI-ION CELLS; CATHODE MATERIALS; O2 STRUCTURE; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; HIGH-CAPACITY; PHASES; MAS; MN; NI AB Layered substituted lithium manganese oxides were prepared by ion-exchange of compounds with the nominal composition Na0.7MnO2 or Na0.7Mn0.89M0.11O2, (where M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Li, or Al) and were characterized structurally and electrochemically. The sodium-containing materials have P2 stacking or are P2/P3 intergrowths, whereas the lithiated analogues have 02 or stacking faulted O2/O3 structures. Compounds with 03 components exhibit higher capacity (or faster intercalation kinetics) than the pure 02 materials. Neither 02 nor, surprisingly, O2/O3 structures converted to spinel upon repeated charging in lithium cells to high voltages, for sixty or more cycles. The results presented herein suggest that it might be possible to design an electrode with an acceptable compromise between the phase stability of the 02 structure and the higher capacity (or better rate capability) of 03 compounds by manipulating the relative amounts and distributions of these two phases in intergrowth structures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doeff, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013; Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012; OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047; Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591; Lee, Young Joo/0000-0002-5782-6431 NR 32 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 18 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 23 BP 4456 EP 4463 DI 10.1021/cm030387f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 743XK UT WOS:000186598700018 ER PT J AU Saponjic, ZV Csencsits, R Rajh, T Dimitrijevic, NM AF Saponjic, ZV Csencsits, R Rajh, T Dimitrijevic, NM TI Self-assembly of TOPO-derivatized silver nanoparticles into multilayered film SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; PROTECTED GOLD CLUSTERS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; QUANTUM DOTS; PARTICLES; ORGANIZATION; MONOLAYERS; NANOSTRUCTURE AB A novel method for transferring silver nanoparticles from aqueous solution into organic solvents such as toluene or hexane was developed. Phase-transfer reagent, tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, TOPO, provides a capping shell around Ag particles that enables concentrating nanoparticle dispersion in toluene, which is a prerequisite for successful 3D self-assembly. The dispersed particles are stable for a long period of time (at least six months). Self-assembly of high concentrations of TOPO-capped Ag particles results in a multilayered mirrorlike film formed onto glass substrates. SEM images reveal a fine-grained film consisting of 10-nm close-packed particles. The surface plasmon absorption of the 3D structure is 100 nm red-shifted compared to that of isolated particles in toluene solution, and is a result of interparticle coupling of dielectric functions of particles in near proximity. Redispersing of particles from the 3D film into toluene solution revealed a spectrum of silver particles virtually identical to that of the original solution used for the formation of the multilayered film. This confirms that the shift of surface plasmon absorption of 3D film is a result of interparticle communication/coupling. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dimitrijevic@anl.gov NR 42 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 18 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 23 BP 4521 EP 4526 DI 10.1021/cm030381q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 743XK UT WOS:000186598700028 ER PT J AU Karimabadi, H Daughton, W Pritchett, PL Krauss-Varban, D AF Karimabadi, H Daughton, W Pritchett, PL Krauss-Varban, D TI Ion-ion kink instability in the magnetotail: 1. Linear theory SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE kink mode; magnetotail instabilities; linear theory; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; Vlasov theory ID HYBRID-DRIFT INSTABILITY; SUBSTORM GROWTH-PHASE; THIN CURRENT SHEET; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; NEUTRAL SHEET; ANOMALOUS RESISTIVITY; CURRENT DISRUPTION; GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; PLASMA SHEET; FIELD AB A number of different ion species are known to exist in the magnetotail. In particular, cold lobe ions and current-carrying hot plasma sheet ions are a permanent feature of the magnetotail and result in various types of instabilities. One such instability is the ion-ion kink mode. Detailed properties of this mode in the magnetotail are investigated in a two series paper using a combination of linear Vlasov theory, three-dimensional (3-D) full particle and hybrid (fluid electron, kinetic ions) simulations. Here we consider the linear properties of the mode in detail. Although the mode shows similarities to a velocity driven instability, its linear mode properties do exhibit dependencies on the kinetic details of the secondary ion population. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp X1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Karimabadi, H (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mail Code 0407, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013 NR 43 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 18 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A11 AR 1400 DI 10.1029/2003JA010026 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 749CB UT WOS:000186900100001 ER PT J AU Karimabadi, H Pritchett, PL Daughton, W Krauss-Varban, D AF Karimabadi, H Pritchett, PL Daughton, W Krauss-Varban, D TI Ion-ion kink instability in the magnetotail: 2. Three-dimensional full particle and hybrid simulations and comparison with observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE kink mode; magnetotail instabilities; kinetic simulations; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; Vlasov theory ID THIN CURRENT SHEETS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; TAIL; STABILITY; CLUSTER AB The magnetotail current layer is thought to be subject to a variety of instabilities. One instability arising from the presence of two ion populations, the cold lobe ions and the current-carrying hot plasma sheet ions, is the ion-ion kink mode. Detailed linear properties of this mode in the magnetotail were investigated by Karimabadi et al. [2003], where it was shown that the mode differs from the standard Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. In this paper the nonlinear properties of the ion-ion kink mode are investigated using three-dimensional (3-D) full particle and hybrid (fluid electron, kinetic ions) simulations. It is shown that this mode is primarily driven by a velocity shear arising from the presence of multiple ion populations. The instability saturates as a result of broadening of the current layer and reduction of the velocity shear. The instability, however, differs in important aspects from the standard Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). Its linear mode properties exhibit dependencies on the kinetic details of the secondary ion population and its nonlinear evolution is found to be significantly different from previous MHD and Hall MHD treatments of the instability as well as from the KHI. In particular, the usual formation of vortices and coalescence that occur for the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability are absent for the ion-ion kink mode. Although the lobe ions can form vortices, such vortices are localized and do not affect current-carrying hot plasma sheet ions. Recent Cluster observations of modulated and bifurcated current sheets [Runov et al., 2003] are discussed within the context of the ion-ion kink mode. Hybrid simulations with open boundary conditions and using the parameters for this event demonstrate a very good agreement between the wavelength, period, and amplitude of the ion-ion kink mode and the observed wave-like disturbance. It is shown that the "bifurcated'' current sheet can be explained in terms of a traveling kink displacement in which the current has a single continuous displacement into both hemispheres. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Karimabadi, H (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013 NR 20 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 18 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A11 AR 1401 DI 10.1029/2003JA010109 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 749CB UT WOS:000186900100002 ER PT J AU Xomeritakis, G Braunbarth, CM Smarsly, B Liu, N Kohn, R Klipowicz, Z Brinker, CJ AF Xomeritakis, G Braunbarth, CM Smarsly, B Liu, N Kohn, R Klipowicz, Z Brinker, CJ TI Aerosol-assisted deposition of surfactant-templated mesoporous silica membranes on porous ceramic supports SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE aerosol; mesoporous silica; surfactant; membrane; ultrafiltration ID MCM-48 MEMBRANE; ALUMINA; FILMS AB We present a new approach for rapid formation of mesoporous, surfactant-templated silica membranes on coarse-pore alpha-Al2O3 ceramic supports. A surfactant-silica sol is dispersed in the gas phase in the form of small droplets and delivered to the surface of the planar support by a N-2 carrier stream. Coalescence of deposited sol droplets combined with solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly of liquid crystalline mesophases results in the formation of continuous, mesostructured silica-surfactant layers covering the surface of the support. These mesostructured silica membranes are impermeable right after synthesis and exhibit N-2 permeance in the range 10(-7)-10(-6) mol m(-2) s(-1) Pa-1 after surfactant removal. SEM studies revealed the presence of relatively smooth layers of thickness similar to1 mum on the surface of the ceramic supports while SAXS and TEM investigations revealed that these membranes possess cubic-ordered mesopores of size similar to20 Angstrom, without preferential orientation with respect to the substrate. Such membranes may find application in ultrafiltration separation processes, since surfactant-templating can be used for accurate control of the pore size/distribution in the proper range for a desired separation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, NSF, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, NSF, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Smarsly, Bernd/G-8514-2011 NR 17 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD NOV 18 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2003.08.024 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 743VY UT WOS:000186595300009 ER PT J AU Yan, HQ Johnson, J Law, M He, RR Knutsen, K McKinney, JR Pham, J Saykally, R Yang, PD AF Yan, HQ Johnson, J Law, M He, RR Knutsen, K McKinney, JR Pham, J Saykally, R Yang, PD TI ZnO nanoribbon microcavity lasers SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTING OXIDES; NANOWIRE LASERS; NANOBELTS AB ZnO nanoribbons with pseudo-rectangular cross-sections (see Figure) are demonstarted to be excellent microcavities with a high quality factor (similar to3000). The lasing threshold is shown to be inversely proportional to the length of the ribbon for pumping intensities lower than the saturation region. Analysis of the emission spectra points to the possibility of the existence of both pure axial modes and "bow-tie" cavity modes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Saykally, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 201 Z9 206 U1 6 U2 52 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 22 BP 1907 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200305490 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 747TG UT WOS:000186820500005 ER PT J AU Jovanovic, I Schmidt, JR Ebbers, CA AF Jovanovic, I Schmidt, JR Ebbers, CA TI Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification in periodically poled KTiOPO4 at 1053 nm SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; COMPRESSION; AMPLIFIERS AB We have demonstrated a high-gain preamplifier for Nd:glass-based chirped-pulse amplification systems using optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) in periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) in a collinear quasi-phase-matched configuration. The absence of birefringent walk-off enables high conversion efficiency and high beam quality using <1 mJ of pump energy. PPKTP has a potential to replace traditional angularly sensitive beta-barium borate preamplifiers for nearly degenerate OPCPA at wavelengths near 1 mum. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jovanovic, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-490,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 20 BP 4125 EP 4127 DI 10.1063/1.1627467 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742NF UT WOS:000186523400015 ER PT J AU Murray, CE Noyan, IC Mooney, PM Lai, B Cai, Z AF Murray, CE Noyan, IC Mooney, PM Lai, B Cai, Z TI Mapping of strain fields about thin film structures using x-ray microdiffraction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EDGE-INDUCED STRESS AB Substrate distortions were mapped near pseudomorphically grown SiGe thin film etched lines of various widths from 1.5 to 20 mum on Si(001) and 190 mum diameter Ni dots on Si(111) using reflection x-ray microdiffraction topography. The strain field extended 30-120 times the thickness of the film away from the feature edge. The profile of the enhanced diffracted intensity was found to follow a characteristic curve when the distance from the feature edge is normalized by a mean interaction distance that depends on the feature size. This normalization and the observed strain decay profiles cannot be predicted or modeled using existing micromechanical models. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 IBM Corp, Div Res, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Murray, CE (reprint author), IBM Corp, Div Res, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 20 BP 4163 EP 4165 DI 10.1063/1.1628399 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742NF UT WOS:000186523400028 ER PT J AU Hsu, JWP Schrey, FF Ng, HM AF Hsu, JWP Schrey, FF Ng, HM TI Spatial distribution of yellow luminescence related deep levels in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DONOR-BOUND EXCITON; SI-DOPED GAN; THREADING DISLOCATIONS; PHASE-EPITAXY; WURTZITE GAN; TRANSITIONS; MICROSCOPY; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE AB Using two-photon excitation, we study the excitation power density dependence and spatial variation of photoluminescence (PL) in GaN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Under our experimental conditions, the excitation power density dependence is quadratic for near band-gap emission (NBE) and linear for yellow luminescence (YL), consistent with the YL process being saturated. The PL mapping reveals NBE fluctuations at the domain-size scale while YL is uniform. These results provide strong evidence that the spatial distribution of deep levels associated with YL is uniform; hence, YL is unrelated to dislocations. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Hsu, JWP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 20 BP 4172 EP 4174 DI 10.1063/1.1628398 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742NF UT WOS:000186523400031 ER PT J AU Wojtowicz, T Lim, WL Liu, X Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Wojtowicz, T Lim, WL Liu, X Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Enhancement of Curie temperature in Ga1-xMnxAs/Ga1-yAlyAs ferromagnetic heterostructures by Be modulation doping SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB The effect of modulation doping by Be on the ferromagnetic properties of Ga1-xMnxAs is investigated in Ga1-xMnxAs/Ga1-yAlyAs heterojunctions and quantum wells. Introducing Be acceptors into the Ga1-yAlyAs barriers leads to an increase of the Curie temperature T-C of Ga1-xMnxAs, from 70 K in undoped structures to over 100 K with the modulation doping. This increase is qualitatively consistent with a multiband mean field theory simulation of carrier-mediated ferromagnetism. An important feature is that the increase of T-C occurs only in those structures where the modulation doping is introduced after the deposition of the magnetic layer, but not when the Be-doped layer is grown first. This behavior is expected from the strong sensitivity of Mn interstitial formation to the value of the Fermi energy during growth. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM wojto@ifpan.edu.pl RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; NR 12 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 20 BP 4220 EP 4222 DI 10.1063/1.1628815 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742NF UT WOS:000186523400047 ER PT J AU Cheggour, N Ekin, JW Clickner, CC Verebelyi, DT Thieme, CLH Feenstra, R Goyal, A AF Cheggour, N Ekin, JW Clickner, CC Verebelyi, DT Thieme, CLH Feenstra, R Goyal, A TI Reversible axial-strain effect and extended strain limits in Y-Ba-Cu-O coatings on deformation-textured substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL CURRENTS; STRESS; FILMS; YBA2CU3O7; NI AB The dependence of transport critical-current density J(c) on axial tensile strain epsilon was measured at 76 K and self-magnetic field for YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coatings on buffered, deformation-textured substrates of pure Ni, Ni-5-at. %-W, and Ni-10-at. %-Cr-2-at. %-W. Expectations have been that the strain tolerance of these composites would be limited by the relatively low yield strains of the deformation-textured substrates, typically less than 0.2%. However, results show that the irreversible degradation of J(c)(epsilon) occurs at a strain equal to about twice the yield strain of the substrate. Therefore, YBCO/Ni-alloy composites may satisfy axial-strain performance requirements for electric devices, including the most demanding applications, motors and generators in which a strain tolerance exceeding 0.25% is needed. Furthermore, the YBCO/Ni-5-at. %-W conductors showed a reversible strain effect, which may be induced by a reversible strain-field broadening around mismatch dislocations at the grain boundaries. This effect may contribute to the unexpectedly large usable strain range of these conductors. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cheggour, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 NR 12 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 20 BP 4223 EP 4225 DI 10.1063/1.1628818 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 742NF UT WOS:000186523400048 ER PT J AU Collins, CJ Schilling, B Young, ML Dollinger, G Guy, RK AF Collins, CJ Schilling, B Young, ML Dollinger, G Guy, RK TI Isotopically labeled crosslinking reagents: Resolution of mass degeneracy in the identification of crosslinked peptides SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY; ACIDS AB Mass spectrometry in three dimensions (MS3D) is a newly developed method for the determination of protein structures involving intramolecular chemical crosslinking of proteins, proteolytic digestion of the resulting adducts, identification of crosslinks by mass spectrometry (MS), peak assignment using theoretical mass lists, and computational reduction of crosslinks to a structure by distance geometry methods. To facilitate the unambiguous identification of crosslinked peptides from proteolytic digestion mixtures of crosslinked proteins by MS, we introduced double O-18 isotopic labels into the crosslinking reagent to provide the crosslinked peptides with a characteristic isotope pattern. The presence of doublets separated by 4 Da in the mass spectra of these materials allowed ready discrimination between crosslinked and modified peptides, and uncrosslinked peptides using automated intelligent data acquisition (IDA) of MS/MS data. This should allow ready automation of the method for application to whole expressible proteomes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Cellular & Mol Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Chiron Corp, Small Mol Drug Discovery, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Guy, RK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI Guy, Rodney/J-7107-2013 OI Guy, Rodney/0000-0002-9638-2060 FU NCI NIH HHS [T35 CA 09270] NR 10 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 13 IS 22 BP 4023 EP 4026 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.08.053 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 741XV UT WOS:000186486400030 PM 14592499 ER PT J AU Henderson, P Arnold, T McMakin, A AF Henderson, P Arnold, T McMakin, A TI Assess your competitors to find SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Econ Dev Off, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PI LONDON PA 14 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PS, ENGLAND SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 IS 22 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 745RT UT WOS:000186702400015 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Smith, LT Eglin, JL Turro, C AF Bradley, PM Smith, LT Eglin, JL Turro, C TI Direct observation of the luminescence from the (3)delta delta* excited state of Re2Cl2(p-OCH(3)form)(4) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPLY BONDED DIMOLYBDENUM; OXALATE-BRIDGED COMPLEXES; METAL MULTIPLE BONDS; ENERGY-GAP LAW; DIMETAL UNITS; SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEXES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; DITUNGSTEN COMPLEXES; BINUCLEAR COMPLEXES; RESONANCE-RAMAN AB There are only a few reports on the measurement of the energy of the low-lying (3)deltadelta* state of quadruply bonded bimetallic complexes, and the direct observation of the (1)delta*delta* excited electronic state was only recently reported. In the quadruply bonded bimetallic complexes reported to date, luminescence arises from their (1)deltadelta* excited state, and the (3)deltadelta* state is nonemissive. Here we report the luminescence of Re2Cl2(p-OCH(3)form)(4) [p-OCH(3)form = (p-CH3OC6H4)NCHN(p-CH3OC6H4)(-)] observed upon 400-460 nm excitation with maxima at 820 nm (CH2Cl2, tau = 1.4 mus) and 825 nm (CH3CN, tau = 1.3 mus) at 298 K. From the large Stokes shift, the vibronic progression at 77 K, the quenching by 02, the long lifetime, and the calculated energy of the (3)deltadelta* state, the luminescence of Re2Cl2(p-OCH(3)form)(4) and the corresponding transient absorption signal are assigned as arising from the (3)deltadelta* ((3)A(2u)) excited state of the complex. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Turro, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663 MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eglin@lanl.gov; turro.1@osu.edu RI Turro, Claudia/H-5335-2015 OI Turro, Claudia/0000-0003-3202-5870 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM64040-01] NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 23 BP 7360 EP 7362 DI 10.1021/ic034513t PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 743FZ UT WOS:000186562900008 PM 14606825 ER PT J AU Assefa, Z Yaita, T Haire, RG Tachimori, S AF Assefa, Z Yaita, T Haire, RG Tachimori, S TI Photoluminescence and Raman studies of curium and americium complexes of 6-methyl 2-(2-pyridyl)-benzimidazole: Evidence for an efficient intramolecular energy transfer SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; LANTHANIDE; LIGANDS; SPECTRA; IONS AB The 6-methyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-benzimidazoie (biz) ligand coordinates with the actinide species in solution, and the complexes display efficient intramolecular energy-transfer processes. The energy transfer in the Cm(III)-biz system proceeds in a nonradiative mode, whereas a radiative mode is the principal mechanism in the Am(III)-biz system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. RP Assefa, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS 6375, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 23 BP 7375 EP 7377 DI 10.1021/ic034759y PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 743FZ UT WOS:000186562900013 PM 14606830 ER PT J AU Krasnitz, A Nara, Y Venugopalan, R AF Krasnitz, A Nara, Y Venugopalan, R TI Classical gluodynamics of high energy nuclear collisions: an erratum and an update (vol 727, pg 427, 2003) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Correction ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; MINIJET PRODUCTION; ELLIPTIC FLOW; SATURATION; MULTIPLICITIES; PARTON; FIELD; GLASS AB We comment on the relation of our previous work on the classical gluodynamics of high energy nuclear collisions to recent work by Lappi Whys. Rev. C 67 (2003) 054903]. While our results for the non-perturbative number liberation coefficient agree, those for the energy disagree by a factor of 2. This discrepancy can be traced to an overall normalization error in our non-perturbative formula for the energy. When corrected for, all previous results are in excellent agreement with those of Lappli. The implications of the results of these two independent computations for RHIC phenomenology are noted. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Algarve, FCT, P-8000 Faro, Portugal. Univ Algarve, CENTRA, P-8000 Faro, Portugal. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nara, Y (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ynara@physics.arizona.edu NR 40 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 727 IS 3-4 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.08.004 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 733WA UT WOS:000186022600011 ER PT J AU Katsnelson, MI Dobrovitski, VV De Raedt, HA Harmon, BN AF Katsnelson, MI Dobrovitski, VV De Raedt, HA Harmon, BN TI Destruction of the Kondo effect by a local measurement SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE decoherence; quantum measurement; Kondo effect; quantum dots; open quantum systems ID QUANTUM-DOT; IMPURITY; SEMICONDUCTORS; ENVIRONMENT; RESONANCE; EMERGENCE; STATES; LIMIT; MODEL AB We show that a local measurement which decoheres the Kondo center in a Kondo system, suppresses the Abrikosov-Suhl resonance and destroys the Kondo effect. This happens due to elimination of the entanglement between the Kondo center and the conduction electrons, and differs essentially from smearing of the resonance by dissipation. Considering decoherence by a spin bath, we predict that the Kondo effect disappears when the Kondo temperature becomes smaller than the coupling with a bath. Suppression of the Kondo effect can be detected in experiments on "quantum corrals" or quantum dots doped by impurities with internal degrees of freedom. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Groningen, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RP Dobrovitski, VV (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM slava@axel.ameslab.gov RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012; OI De Raedt, Hans/0000-0001-8461-4015 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 17 PY 2003 VL 318 IS 4-5 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2003.08.046 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743ML UT WOS:000186575600025 ER PT J AU Mosquera-Caro, M Helman, P Veroff, R Shuster, J Martin, S Davidson, G Potter, J Harvey, R Hromas, R Andries, E Atlas, S Wilson, C Ar, K Xu, YX Chen, IM Carroll, A Camitta, B Willman, C AF Mosquera-Caro, M Helman, P Veroff, R Shuster, J Martin, S Davidson, G Potter, J Harvey, R Hromas, R Andries, E Atlas, S Wilson, C Ar, K Xu, YX Chen, IM Carroll, A Camitta, B Willman, C TI Identification, validation, and cloning of a novel gene (OPAL1) and associated genes highly predictive of outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia using gene expression profiling. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Childrens Oncol Grp, Arcadia, CA USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 1 BP 4A EP 4A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UP UT WOS:000186536700002 ER PT J AU Conboy, JG Ponthier, JL Gee, SL AF Conboy, JG Ponthier, JL Gee, SL TI Multiple isoforms of HRNBP2, a splicing enhancer for erythroid protein 4.1R exon 16, are encoded by a complex gene via alternative pre-mRNA processing events. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 10 BP 7A EP 7A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UP UT WOS:000186536700011 ER PT J AU Krauss, SW Popova, E Lo, A Koury, MJ Short, S Cordes, V Mohandas, N Grigoryev, S Chasis, JA AF Krauss, SW Popova, E Lo, A Koury, MJ Short, S Cordes, V Mohandas, N Grigoryev, S Chasis, JA TI Nuclear substructure reorganization during terminal erythroid differentiation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Karolinska Inst, Med Nobel Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 12 BP 7A EP 8A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UP UT WOS:000186536700013 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Mosquera-Caro, M Martin, S Davidson, G Xu, YX Ar, K Potter, J Chen, IM Pauler, D Gundacker, H Slovak, M Appelbaum, F Kopecky, K Willman, C AF Wilson, C Mosquera-Caro, M Martin, S Davidson, G Xu, YX Ar, K Potter, J Chen, IM Pauler, D Gundacker, H Slovak, M Appelbaum, F Kopecky, K Willman, C TI Gene expression profiling of adult acute myeloid leukemia identifies novel biologic clusters associated with clinical characteristics and outcome. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. SW Oncol Grp, Ctr Stat, Seattle, WA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 602 BP 173A EP 173A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UP UT WOS:000186536700602 ER PT J AU Nemecek, ER Hamlin, DK Fisher, DR Krohn, KA Pagel, JM Appelbaum, FR Press, OW Matthews, DC AF Nemecek, ER Hamlin, DK Fisher, DR Krohn, KA Pagel, JM Appelbaum, FR Press, OW Matthews, DC TI Biodistribution of Yttrium-90 [Y-90] labeled anti-CD45 antibody in a nonhuman primate model. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Pacific NW Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Nucl Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Radiat Oncol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 1667 BP 457A EP 457A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UP UT WOS:000186536701667 ER PT J AU Ozpolat, B Harris, MN Muwuenyega, K Chen, X Lopez-Berestein, G AF Ozpolat, B Harris, MN Muwuenyega, K Chen, X Lopez-Berestein, G TI All-trans-retinoic acid-induced inhibition of the initiation and elongation phase of protein synthesis in acute promyeloytic leukemia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-09, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Los Alamos Natl Labs, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Ozpolat, Berkant/Q-6981-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2003 VL 102 IS 11 MA 2189 BP 594A EP 594A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 742UP UT WOS:000186536702187 ER PT J AU Poitrasson, F Mao, XL Mao, SS Freydier, R Russo, RE AF Poitrasson, F Mao, XL Mao, SS Freydier, R Russo, RE TI Comparison of ultraviolet femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis in glass, monazite, and zircon SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID U-TH-PB; LAM-ICP-MS; SOLID SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; TRACE-ELEMENT; MICROPROBE; GEOCHRONOLOGY; FRACTIONATION; MINERALS; PRECISE AB We compared the analytical performance of ultraviolet femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). The benefit of ultrafast lasers was evaluated regarding thermal-induced chemical fractionation, that is otherwise well known to limit LA-ICPMS. Both lasers had a Gaussian beam energy profile and were tested using the same ablation system and ICPMS analyzer. Resulting crater morphologies and analytical signals showed more straightforward femtosecond laser ablation processes, with minimal thermal effects. Despite a less stable energy output, the ultrafast laser yielded elemental (Pb/U, Pb/Th) and Pb isotopic ratios that were more precise, repeatable, and accurate, even when compared to the best analytical conditions for the nanosecond laser. Measurements on NIST glasses, monazites, and zircon also showed that femtosecond LA-ICPMS calibration was less matrix-matched dependent and therefore more versatile. C1 IRD, UPS, CNRS, UMR 5563 Mecan Transfert Geol,Lab Geochim, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Poitrasson, F (reprint author), IRD, UPS, CNRS, UMR 5563 Mecan Transfert Geol,Lab Geochim, 38 Rue 36 Ponts, F-31400 Toulouse, France. NR 40 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 22 BP 6184 EP 6190 DI 10.1021/ac034680a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 743YQ UT WOS:000186601500022 PM 14615999 ER PT J AU Culha, M Stokes, D Allain, LR Vo-Dinh, T AF Culha, M Stokes, D Allain, LR Vo-Dinh, T TI Surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate based on a self-assembled monolayer for use in gene diagnostics SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SILVER ELECTRODE; DNA MONOLAYERS; GOLD; SPECTROMETRY; SERS; ORIENTATION; MOLECULES; COVERAGE; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA AB The development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrates for cancer gene detection is described. The detection method uses Raman active dye-labeled DNA gene probes, self-assembled monolayers, and nanostructured metallic substrates as SERS-active platforms. The mercaptohexane-labeled single-stranded DNA (SH - (CH2)(6)-ssDNA)/6-mercapto-1-hexanol system formed on a silver surface is characterized by atomic force microcopy. The surface-enhanced Raman gene (SERGen) probes developed in this study can be used to detect DNA targets via hybridization to complementary DNA probes. The probes do not require the use of radioactive labels and have a great potential to provide both sensitivity and selectivity. The effectiveness of this approach and its application in cancer gene diagnostics (BRCA1 breast cancer gene) are investigated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Bethel Valley Rd,MS-6101,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 34 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 22 BP 6196 EP 6201 DI 10.1021/ac0346003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 743YQ UT WOS:000186601500024 PM 14616001 ER PT J AU Nolan, RL Cai, H Nolan, JP Goodwin, PM AF Nolan, RL Cai, H Nolan, JP Goodwin, PM TI A simple quenching method for fluorescence background reduction and its application to the direct, quantitative detection of specific mRNA SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION; NUCLEIC-ACID SEQUENCES; RT-PCR; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY; PROBES AB New genome sequence information is rapidly increasing the number of nucleic acid (NA) targets of use for characterizing and treating diseases. Detection of these targets by fluorescence-based assays is often limited by fluorescence background from unincorporated or unbound probes that are present in large excess over the target. To solve this problem, energy transfer-based probes have been developed and used to reduce the fluorescence from unbound probes. Although these probes have revolutionized NA target detection, their use requires scrupulous attention to design constraints, extensive probe quality control, and individually optimized experimental conditions. Here, we describe a simpler background reduction approach using singly labeled quencher oligomers to suppress excess unbound probe fluorescence following probe-target hybridization. A second limitation of most fluorescence-based NA target detection and quantification assays is the requirement for enzymatic amplification of target or signal for sensitivity. Amplification steps make quantification of original target copy number problematic because of variations in amplification efficiencies between the sequence targets and the experimental conditions. To avoid amplification, we coupled our quenching approach to a two-color NA assay with correlated, two-color, single-molecule fluorescence detection. We demonstrate a >100-fold background reduction and detection of targets present at concentrations as low as 100 fM using the two-color assay. The application of this technique to the detection and quantification of specific mRNA sequences enabled us to estimate beta-actin copy numbers in cell-derived total RNA without an amplification step. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cai, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315] NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 22 BP 6236 EP 6243 DI 10.1021/ac034803r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 743YQ UT WOS:000186601500030 PM 14616007 ER PT J AU Aciego, S Kennedy, BM DePaolo, DJ Christensen, JN Hutcheon, I AF Aciego, S Kennedy, BM DePaolo, DJ Christensen, JN Hutcheon, I TI U-Th/He age of phenocrystic garnet from the 79 AD eruption of Mt. Vesuvius SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE garnet; Vesuvius; U-Th/He dating; Quaternary; volcanic rocks; uranium disequilibrium ID HELIUM DIFFUSION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DISEQUILIBRIUM; APATITE; MINERALS; THERMOCHRONOMETRY; GEOCHRONOLOGY; AR-40/AR-39; SYSTEMATICS; OLIVINE AB The U-Th/He system can potentially be used for dating volcanic rocks with ages as young as a few thousand years and as old as several million years, thus providing a valuable supplement to radiocarbon and K-Ar dating. Garnet phenocrysts from the 79 AD eruption of Mt. Vesuvius were dated to evaluate the accuracy with which the necessary measurements and corrections can be made. The determined age, corrected for diffusive loss of He, alpha ejection, and initial U-series disequilibrium, is 1885 +/- 188 yr which compares well with the known age of 1923 yr. U and Th concentrations were measured by isotope dilution on different aliquots than were used for He concentration measurements. Step-wise degassing yielded an Arrhenius relationship for He diffusion in garnet with an activation energy of 91.31 +/- 5.76 kJ/mol and In D-o/a(2) = -2.00 +/- 0.56. The uniformity of U and Th concentrations in garnet was checked by ion microprobe analysis. The U-234/U-238 and Th-230/U-238 activity ratios were measured by MC-ICPMS. The results suggest that with proper analysis and corrections, the U-Th/He method can be used to date young volcanic minerals with useful precision and accuracy, and may therefore be valuable for dating volcanic rocks that have low K or are otherwise difficult to date accurately with Ar-Ar or radiocarbon. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Aciego, S (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 216 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00478-3 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 748HK UT WOS:000186856300018 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TJ Stamenkovic, V Markovic, NM Ross, PN AF Schmidt, TJ Stamenkovic, V Markovic, NM Ross, PN TI Electrooxidation of H-2, CO and H-2/CO on well-characterized Au(111)-Pd surface alloys SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Electrocatalysis from Theory to Industrial Applications CY SEP 22-24, 2002 CL COMO, ITALY DE rotating disk electrode; low-energy ion scattering; Au(111); Au(111)-Pd; surface alloy; hydrogen oxidation; CO tolerance ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; PT-RU; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; PERCHLORIC-ACID; INITIAL-STAGES; PD DEPOSITION; PT(111); ADSORPTION AB Electroooxidation of H-2, CO and 1000 ppm CO/H-2 oxidation was studied on two well-defined Au(1 1 1)-Pd surface alloys prepared and characterized in ultrahigh vacuum. Preparation was done using Pd vapor deposition. Characterization was done using Auger electron spectroscopy and low-energy ion scattering. After deposition, Pd always (partly) diffuses into the Au(1 1 1) crystal and forms stable surface alloys. Two surface alloys with Pd surface concentrations of ca. 38 and 65% were transferred into the electrochemical environment. Three major findings from the electrocatalytic study can be summarized as follows: (i) hydrogen oxidation on Au(1 1 1)-Pd surface alloys is ca. one order of magnitude slower as compared to Pt(1 1 1); (ii) Au(1 1 1)-Pd surface alloys show finite and stable activity for the continuous oxidation of pure CO at potentials below 0.2 V with a positive reaction order with respect to solution phase CO; (iii) the oxidation of 1000 ppm CO in H-2 at potentials below 0.2 V is governed by the slow H-2 oxidation kinetics and the unfavorable partial pressure dependence. At potentials above 0.2 V, however, the steady-state activity of a high-surface area Au-Pd catalyst can be reached. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schmidt, TJ (reprint author), Celanese Ventures GMBH, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Schmidt, Thomas/A-2586-2010 OI Schmidt, Thomas/0000-0002-1636-367X NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 25-26 BP 3823 EP 3828 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(03)00516-4 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 737GB UT WOS:000186221100013 ER PT J AU Sasaki, K Mo, Y Wang, JX Balasubramanian, M Uribe, F McBreen, J Adzic, RR AF Sasaki, K Mo, Y Wang, JX Balasubramanian, M Uribe, F McBreen, J Adzic, RR TI Pt submonolayers on metal nanoparticles - novel electrocatalysts for H-2 oxidation and O-2 reduction SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Electrocatalysis from Theory to Industrial Applications CY SEP 22-24, 2002 CL COMO, ITALY DE Pt monolayer; Ru nanoparticles; Au nanoparticles; H-2 oxidation; O-2 reduction; CO tolerance ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; RU(0001) SURFACE; SPONTANEOUS DEPOSITION; PLATINUM; CO; RU; ELECTROLYTE; RUTHENIUM; PD; REACTIVITY AB Novel electrocatalysts based on Pt submonolayer deposits on Ru and Au nanoparticles, and on a Au(1 1 1) surface, have been prepared by two new methods for noble metal monolayer deposition. These were tested for H-2 and H-2/CO oxidation and O-2 reduction kinetics. Our recently reported methods for controlled submonolayer-to-multilayer deposition of Pt involve spontaneous deposition of Pt on Ru and Pt deposition by redox replacement of a Cu upd monolayer on Au. The Pt mass-specific activity for H-2 oxidation of the PtRu20 electrocatalyst was found to be three to four times higher than that of commercial catalysts at 25 degreesC. The CO tolerance appears to be also higher than those of commercial catalysts under conditions of rotating disk experiments. Fuel cell tests at 80 degreesC have shown practically the same activity of the PtRu20 electrocatalyst for H-2 oxidation as that of the catalyst containing a 10 x larger Pt loading. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy measurements showed that Pt is coordinated with three to four Ru atoms in this catalyst, with a bond length of 2.68 A between Pt and Ru as in PtRu alloys. A Pt0.75Pd0.25 monolayer on Au/C is a very active electrocatalyst for O-2 reduction that equals the activity of a Pt/C catalyst with a 2.5 times larger Pt loading. The activity of a Pt monolayer on Au(1 1 1) is also considerable. A single Tafel slope of -110 mV for the Pt0.75SPd0.25/Au/C catalyst, and a -120 mV for Au(1 1 1), may indicate a smaller adsorption of OH on Pt and Pt0.75Pd0.25 on Au in comparison with bulk or nano Pt. Further work utilizing a Pt monolayer on metal nanoparticles seems to be a promising approach for both reduction of noble metal loading and designing electrocatalysts with improved properties. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011 NR 35 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 4 U2 63 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 25-26 BP 3841 EP 3849 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(03)00518-8 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 737GB UT WOS:000186221100015 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Bloom, NS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE AF Kim, CS Bloom, NS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE TI Mercury speciation by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and sequential chemical extractions: A comparison of speciation methods SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; MINE TAILINGS; QUANTITATIVE SPECIATION; INORGANIC MERCURY; SEDIMENTS; EXAFS; LEAD; SULFIDE; XANES AB Determining the chemical speciation of mercury in contaminated mining and industrial environments is essential for predicting its solubility, transport behavior, and potential bioavailability as well as for designing effective remediation strategies. In this study, two techniques for determining Hg speciation-X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and sequential chemical extractions (SCE)-are independently applied to a set of samples with Hg concentrations ranging from 132 to 7539 mg/kg to determine if the two techniques provide comparable Hg speciation results. Generally, the proportions of insoluble HgS (cinnabar, metacinnabar) and HgSe identified by XAFS correlate well with the proportion of Hg removed in the aqua regia extraction demonstrated to remove HgS and HgSe. Statistically significant(> 10%) differences are observed however in samples containing more soluble Hg-containing phases (HgCl2, HgO, Hg3S2O4). Such differences may be related to matrix, particle size, or crystallinity effects, which could affect the apparent solubility of Hg phases present. In more highly concentrated samples, microscopy techniques can help characterize the Hg-bearing species in complex multiphase natural samples. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Frontier Geosci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Bldg 70R0108B,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 12 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 22 BP 5102 EP 5108 DI 10.1021/es0341485 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743YN UT WOS:000186601300004 PM 14655695 ER PT J AU Moser, DP Fredrickson, JK Geist, DR Arntzen, EV Peacock, AD Li, SMW Spadoni, T McKinley, JP AF Moser, DP Fredrickson, JK Geist, DR Arntzen, EV Peacock, AD Li, SMW Spadoni, T McKinley, JP TI Biogeochemical processes and microbial characteristics across groundwater-surface water boundaries of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CHROMATE REDUCTION; SUBSURFACE EXCHANGE; AQUIFER SEDIMENTS; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER; STREAM; URANIUM; TECHNETIUM; FE(III) AB Biogeochemical processes within riverbed hyporheic zones (HZ) can potentially impact the fate and transport of contaminants. We evaluated a modified freeze core technique for the collection of intact cobble-bed samples from the Columbia River HZ along a stretch of the Hanford Reach in Washington State and investigated microbiological and geochemical parameters of corresponding frozen and unfrozen samples. During three sampling periods (March, May, and November 2000), relatively high numbers of viable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were recovered from both unfrozen (10(6)-10(7) cfu/g) and frozen samples (10(5)-10(6) cfu/g). Relatively large populations of sulfate-, nitrate-, and iron-reducing bacteria were present, and significant concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide were measured in some samples, indicating that anoxic regions exist within this zone. Cr(VI), a priority groundwater pollutant on adjacent U.S. Department of Energy lands, was probably removed from solution in HZ samples by a combination of microbial activity and chemical reduction, presumably via products of anaerobic microbial metabolism. These results suggest that biogeochemical processes in the Columbia River HZ may contribute to the natural attenuation of Cr(VI). Although freezing modestly diminished recovery of viable bacteria, freeze core techniques proved reliable for the collection of intact hyporheic sediments. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Moser, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 74 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 22 BP 5127 EP 5134 DI 10.1021/es034457v PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743YN UT WOS:000186601300007 PM 14655698 ER PT J AU Satapanajaru, T Shea, PJ Comfort, SD Roh, Y AF Satapanajaru, T Shea, PJ Comfort, SD Roh, Y TI Green rust and iron oxide formation influences metolachlor dechlorination during zerovalent iron treatment SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; REACTION-MECHANISM; NITRATE REDUCTION; FERRIC HYDROXIDE; FE(II); SULFATE AB Electron transfer from zerovalent iron (Fe-0) to targeted contaminants is affected by initial Fe-0 composition, the oxides formed during corrosion, and surrounding electrolytes. We previously observed enhanced metolachlor destruction by Fe-0 when iron or aluminum salts were present in the aqueous matrix and Eh/pH conditions favored formation of green rusts. To understand these enhanced destruction rates, we characterized changes in Fe-0 composition during treatment of metolachlor with and without iron and aluminum salts. Raman microspectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the iron source was initially coated with a thin layer of magnetite (Fe3O4), maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) and wustite (FeO). Time-resolved analysis indicated that akaganeite (beta-FeOOH) was the dominant oxide formed during Fe-0 treatment of metolachlor. Goethite (alpha-FeOOH) and some lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH) formed when Al-2(SO4)(3) was present, while goethite and magnetite (Fe3O4) were identified in Fe-0 treatments containing FeSO4. Although conditions favoring formation of sulfate green rust (GR(II); Fe-6(OH)(12)SO4) facilitated Fe-0-mediated dechlorination of metolachlor, only adsorption was observed when GR(II) was synthesized (without FeO) in the presence of metolachlor and Eh/pH changed to favor Fe(III)oxyhydroxide or magnetite formation. In contrast, dechlorination occurred when magnetite or natural goethite was amended with Fe(II) (as FeSO4) at pH 8 and continued as long as additional Fe(II) was provided. While metolachlor was not dechlorinated by GR(II) itself during a 48-h incubation, the GR(II) provided a source of Fe(II) and produced magnetite (and other oxide surfaces) that coordinated Fe(II), which then facilitated dechlorination. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Kasetsart Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shea, PJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. OI Satapanajaru, Tunlawit/0000-0001-5922-033X NR 60 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 22 BP 5219 EP 5227 DI 10.1021/es0303485 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743YN UT WOS:000186601300020 PM 14655711 ER PT J AU Moudgal, CJ Venkatapathy, R Choudhury, H Bruce, RM Lipscomb, JC AF Moudgal, CJ Venkatapathy, R Choudhury, H Bruce, RM Lipscomb, JC TI Application of QSTRs in the selection of a surrogate toxicity value for a chemical of concern SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TYPHIMURIUM; METABOLISM AB As part of the EPA's mission to protect the environment, chemicals of concern (CoCs) at Superfund or other hazardous waste sites are cleaned up based on their potential toxicity to humans and the surrounding ecosystem. Oftentimes, there is a lack of experimental toxicity data to assess the health effects for a CoC in the literature. This research describes a method using Quantitative Structure Toxicity Relationships (QSTRs) for identifying a surrogate chemical for any given CoC. The toxicity data of the surrogate chemical can then be used to rank hazardous waste-site chemicals prior to cleanup decisions. A commercial QSTR model, TOPKAT, was used to establish structural and descriptor similarity between the CoC and the compounds in the QSTR model database using the Oral Rat Chronic LOAEL model. All database chemicals within a similarity distance of less than or equal to0.200 from the CoC are considered as potential surrogates. If the CoC fails to satisfy model considerations for the LOAEL model, no surrogate is suggested. Potential surrogates that have toxicity data on Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST), or National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) provisional toxicity value list become candidate surrogates. If more than one candidate surrogate is identified, the chemical with the most conservative RfD is suggested as the surrogate. The procedure was applied to determine an appropriate surrogate for dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP), a metabolite of chlorobenzilate, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and dicofol. Forty-seven potential surrogates were identified that were within the similarity distance of less than or equal to0.200, of which only five chemicals had an RfD on IRIS, HEAST, or on the NCEA provisional toxicity value list. Among the five potential surrogates, chlorobenzilate with an RfD of 2 x 10(-2) mg/kg-day was chosen as a surrogate for DCBP as it had the most conservative toxicity value. This compared well with surrogate selection using available metabolic information for DCBP and its metabolites or parent compounds in the literature and the provisional toxicity value of 3 x 10(-2) mg/kg-day that NCEA developed using a subchronic study. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Moudgal, CJ (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 22 BP 5228 EP 5235 DI 10.1021/es034201p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743YN UT WOS:000186601300021 PM 14655712 ER PT J AU Fellows, RJ Wang, ZM Ainsworth, CC AF Fellows, RJ Wang, ZM Ainsworth, CC TI Europium uptake and partitioning in oat (Avena sativa) roots as studied by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy profiling technique SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATURA-INNOXIA BIOMATERIAL; METAL-ION-BINDING; WATER HYACINTH; LUMINESCENCE; PLANTS; TRANSPORT; PLAQUE; ACIDS; ACCUMULATION; EU(III) AB The uptake of Eu3+ by elongating oat roots was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime measurement, and a laser excitation time-resolved confocal fluorescence profiling technique. The results of this work indicated that initial uptake of Eu3+ was highest within the undifferentiated cells of the root tip just behind the root cap, a region of maximal cell growth and differentiation and with incomplete formation of the Casparian strip around the central vascular cylinder. Distribution of assimilated Eu3+ within the root's differentiation and elongation zone was nonuniform. Higher concentrations of Eu3+ were observed within the vascular cylinder, specifically in the phloem and developing xylem parenchyma. Elevated levels of the metal were also observed in the root hairs of the mature root zone. Fluorescence spectroscopic characteristics of the assimilated Eu3+ suggested that the Eu3+ exists as inner-sphere mononuclear complexes inside the root. This work also demonstrated the effectiveness of a time-resolved Eu3+ fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal fluorescence profiling techniques for the in vivo, real-time study of metal [Eu3+] accumulation by a functioning intact plant root. This approach can prove valuable for basic and applied studies in plant nutrition and environmental uptake of actinide radionuclides. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, ZM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010 OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357 NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 22 BP 5247 EP 5253 DI 10.1021/es0343609 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743YN UT WOS:000186601300023 PM 14655714 ER PT J AU Gray, GT Bourne, NK Millett, JCF AF Gray, GT Bourne, NK Millett, JCF TI Shock response of tantalum: Lateral stress and shear strength through the front SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CYLINDER IMPACT TEST; PIEZORESISTANCE GAUGES; MANGANIN GAUGES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; DYNAMIC-ANALYSIS; TUNGSTEN ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; WAVE AB Lateral stresses generated by shock loading in tantalum have been determined using manganin stress gauges. These have been used in combination with the measured longitudinal impact stresses to determine the shear strength behind the shock. Results show that with an increase in impact stress, the shear strength in tantalum also increases. Analysis shows that during shock loading the lateral stress in tantalum increases behind the shock front. Since the longitudinal stress is nominally constant until arrival of the release, this implies that the shear strength is reducing behind the shock front. The shock-wave response of tantalum is discussed in the context of a previous weak-shock wave-profile analysis of tantalum, and in terms of the defect generation and storage response of pure face-centered- versus body-centered-cubic metals. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cranfield Univ, Royal Mil Coll Sci, Swindon SN6 8LA, Wilts, England. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rusty@lanl.gov RI Bourne, Neil/A-7544-2008 NR 73 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 10 BP 6430 EP 6436 DI 10.1063/1.1620679 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 738FT UT WOS:000186276600029 ER PT J AU Chirila, MM Garces, NY Halliburton, LE Demos, SG Land, TA Radousky, HB AF Chirila, MM Garces, NY Halliburton, LE Demos, SG Land, TA Radousky, HB TI Production and thermal decay of radiation-induced point defects in KD2PO4 crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; GAMMA-IRRADIATED KH2PO4; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; KDP; LUMINESCENCE; IDENTIFICATION; HALIDES; LASER AB Optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques have been used to characterize the production and thermal decay of point defects in undoped single crystals of KD2PO4 grown at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. A crystal was irradiated at 77 K with x rays, and then warmed to room temperature. Immediately after irradiation, broad optical absorption bands were observed to peak near 230, 390, and 550 nm. During warming, these absorption bands thermally decayed in the 80-140 K range. Another absorption band peaking near 450 nm appeared as the three bands disappeared. This last band decayed between 140 and 240 K. Correlations with EPR data suggest that the band at 230 nm is associated with interstitial deuterium atoms, the two bands at 390 and 550 nm are associated with self-trapped holes, and the band at 450 nm is associated with holes trapped adjacent to deuterium vacancies. Additional EPR spectra from several oxygen-vacancy centers and a silicon-associated hole center were observed as the crystal was warmed. All the electron and hole traps reported in this study are expected to participate in the room-temperature response of KD2PO4 crystals to pulsed high-power ultraviolet laser beams. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chirila, MM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 10 BP 6456 EP 6462 DI 10.1063/1.1620680 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 738FT UT WOS:000186276600033 ER PT J AU Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Shan, W Ager, JW Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ Metzger, WK Kurtz, S AF Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Shan, W Ager, JW Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ Metzger, WK Kurtz, S TI Superior radiation resistance of In1-xGaxN alloys: Full-solar-spectrum photovoltaic material system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; SURFACE RECOMBINATION; CELLS; INN; DISCONTINUITIES; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; GAINNAS; GROWTH; LAYER AB High-efficiency multijunction or tandem solar cells based on group III-V semiconductor alloys are applied in a rapidly expanding range of space and terrestrial programs. Resistance to high-energy radiation damage is an essential feature of such cells as they power most satellites, including those used for communications, defense, and scientific research. Recently we have shown that the energy gap of In1-xGaxN alloys potentially can be continuously varied from 0.7 to 3.4 eV, providing a full-solar-spectrum material system for multijunction solar cells. We find that the optical and electronic properties of these alloys exhibit a much higher resistance to high-energy (2 MeV) proton irradiation than the standard currently used photovoltaic materials such as GaAs and GaInP, and therefore offer great potential for radiation-hard high-efficiency solar cells for space applications. The observed insensitivity of the semiconductor characteristics to the radiation damage is explained by the location of the band edges relative to the average dangling bond defect energy represented by the Fermi level stabilization energy in In1-xGaxN alloys. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM w_walukiewicz@lbl.gov RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 33 TC 414 Z9 426 U1 5 U2 93 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 10 BP 6477 EP 6482 DI 10.1063/1.1618353 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 738FT UT WOS:000186276600037 ER PT J AU Istratov, AA Buonassisi, T McDonald, RJ Smith, AR Schindler, R Rand, JA Kalejs, JP Weber, ER AF Istratov, AA Buonassisi, T McDonald, RJ Smith, AR Schindler, R Rand, JA Kalejs, JP Weber, ER TI Metal content of multicrystalline silicon for solar cells and its impact on minority carrier diffusion length SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINATION PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-ACTIVITY; PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS; IRON CONTAMINATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; COPPER; IMPURITIES; PRECIPITATION; IMPROVEMENT; CLUSTERS AB Instrumental neutron activation analysis was performed to determine the transition metal content in three types of silicon material for cost-efficient solar cells: Astropower silicon-film sheet material, Baysix cast material, and edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) multicrystalline silicon ribbon. The dominant metal impurities were found to be Fe (6x10(14) cm(-3) to 1.5x10(16) cm(-3), depending on the material), Ni (up to 1.8x10(15) cm(-3)), Co (1.7x10(12) cm(-3) to 9.7x10(13) cm(-3)), Mo (6.4x10(12) cm(-3) to 4.6x10(13) cm(-3)), and Cr (1.7x10(12) cm(-3) to 1.8x10(15) cm(-3)). Copper was also detected (less than 2.4x10(14) cm(-3)), but its concentration could not be accurately determined because of a very short decay time of the corresponding radioactive isotope. In all samples, the metal contamination level would be sufficient to degrade the minority carrier diffusion length to less than a micron, if all metals were in an interstitial or substitutional state. This is a much lower value than the actual measured diffusion length of these samples. Therefore, most likely, the metals either formed clusters or precipitates with relatively low recombination activity or are very inhomogeneously distributed within the samples. No significant difference was observed between the metal content of the high and low lifetime areas of each material. X-ray microprobe fluorescence spectrometry mapping of Astropower mc-Si samples confirmed that transition metals formed agglomerates both at grain boundaries and within the grains. It is concluded that the impact of metals on solar cell efficiency is determined not only by the total metal concentration, but also by the distribution of metals within the grains and the chemical composition of the clusters formed by the metals. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. Astropower, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RWE Schott Solar Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Istratov, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 62R0203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012 NR 40 TC 139 Z9 147 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 10 BP 6552 EP 6559 DI 10.1063/1.1618912 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 738FT UT WOS:000186276600049 ER PT J AU Park, JY Phaneuf, RJ AF Park, JY Phaneuf, RJ TI Investigation of the direct electromigration term for Al nanodots within the depletion zone of a pn junction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SILICON-OXIDE; AU NANODOTS; POTENTIOMETRY; FABRICATION AB We have investigated the effect of the large field produced within the depletion region of a pn junction on the shapes and positions of aluminum nanodots. Dots of 10-60 nm diameter were fabricated by the application of voltage pulses between an Al-coated scanning tunneling microscopy tip and the Si substrate. Reverse bias conditions produce an intense field (10(4)-10(5) V/cm), but the current density is quite small (similar to10(-2) A/cm(2)). This electric field dominated configuration provides a unique model system for the separation of the two components of electromigration, direct and wind forces. We find that even after several tens of hours the observed motion of Al is confined to small changes in dot shape, with no evident motion of the dots as a whole. Our observations are consistent with a strong adhesion between the dots and the underlying substrate and a dominant direct force term. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Park, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, M-S 66-200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Park, Jeong Young/A-2999-2008 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 10 BP 6883 EP 6886 DI 10.1063/1.1619193 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 738FT UT WOS:000186276600101 ER PT J AU He, X DebRoy, T Fuerschbach, PW AF He, X DebRoy, T Fuerschbach, PW TI Probing temperature during laser spot welding from vapor composition and modeling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; ALLOYING ELEMENT VAPORIZATION; METAL COMPOSITION CHANGE; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLUID-FLOW; GRAIN-GROWTH; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CURRENT ISSUES; PHASE-CHANGE; FREE-SURFACE AB Measurement of weld pool temperature during laser spot welding is a difficult task because of the short pulse duration, often lasting only a few milliseconds, highly transient nature of the process, and the presence of a metal vapor plume near the weld pool. This article describes recent research to estimate weld pool temperatures experimentally and theoretically. Composition of the metal vapor from the weld pool was determined by condensing a portion of the vapor on the inner surface of an open ended quartz tube which was mounted perpendicular to the sample surface and coaxial with the laser beam. It was found that iron, chromium, and manganese were the main metallic species in the vapor phase. The concentrations of Fe and Cr in the vapor increased slightly while the concentration of Mn in the vapor decreased somewhat with the increase in power density. The vapor composition was used to determine an effective temperature of the weld pool. A transient, three-dimensional numerical heat transfer and fluid flow model based on the solution of the equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy was used to calculate the temperature and velocity fields in the weld pool as a function of time. The experimentally determined geometry of the spot welds agreed well with that determined from the computed temperature field. The effective temperature determined from the vapor composition was found to be close to the numerically computed peak temperature at the weld pool surface. Because of the short process duration and other serious problems in the direct measurement of temperature during laser spot welding, estimating approximate values of peak temperature from metal vapor composition is particularly valuable. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Joining & Coating Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP DebRoy, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM debroy@psu.edu RI DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010 NR 52 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 10 BP 6949 EP 6958 DI 10.1063/1.1622118 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 738FT UT WOS:000186276600111 ER PT J AU Sztucki, M Metzger, TH Kegel, I Tilke, A Rouviere, JL Lubbert, D Arthur, J Patel, JR AF Sztucki, M Metzger, TH Kegel, I Tilke, A Rouviere, JL Lubbert, D Arthur, J Patel, JR TI X-ray analysis of temperature induced defect structures in boron implanted silicon (vol 92, pg 3694, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Munich, CeNS, D-80539 Munich, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. CEA Grenoble, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, SP2M, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sztucki, M (reprint author), Univ Munich, CeNS, Geschwister Scholl Pl 1, D-80539 Munich, Germany. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 10 BP 7000 EP 7000 DI 10.1063/1.1622119 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 738FT UT WOS:000186276600122 ER PT J AU Pravia, MA Boulant, N Emerson, J Farid, A Fortunato, EM Havel, TF Martinez, R Cory, DG AF Pravia, MA Boulant, N Emerson, J Farid, A Fortunato, EM Havel, TF Martinez, R Cory, DG TI Robust control of quantum information SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NMR POPULATION-INVERSION; COMPOSITE PULSES; ACTIVE CONTROL; BROAD-BAND; COMPUTATION; DYNAMICS; COMPENSATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SELECTION AB Errors in the control of quantum systems may be classified as unitary, decoherent, and incoherent. Unitary errors are systematic, and result in a density matrix that differs from the desired one by a unitary operation. Decoherent errors correspond to general completely positive superoperators, and can only be corrected using methods such as quantum error correction. Incoherent errors can also be described, on average, by completely positive superoperators, but can nevertheless be corrected by the application of a locally unitary operation that "refocuses" them. They are due to reproducible spatial or temporal variations in the system's Hamiltonian, so that information on the variations is encoded in the system's spatiotemporal state and can be used to correct them. In this paper liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance is used to demonstrate that such refocusing effects can be built directly into the control fields, where the incoherence arises from spatial inhomogeneities in the quantizing static magnetic field as well as the radio-frequency control fields themselves. Using perturbation theory, it is further shown that the eigenvalue spectrum of the completely positive superoperator exhibits a characteristic spread that contains information on the Hamiltonians' underlying distribution. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Comp Sci, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cory, DG (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dcory@mit.edu NR 31 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 19 BP 9993 EP 10001 DI 10.1063/1.1619132 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738EF UT WOS:000186273200004 ER PT J AU Maisuradze, GG Thompson, DL Wagner, AF Minkoff, M AF Maisuradze, GG Thompson, DL Wagner, AF Minkoff, M TI Interpolating moving least-squares methods for fitting potential energy surfaces: Detailed analysis of one-dimensional applications SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATION; DYNAMICS AB We present the basic formal and numerical aspects of higher degree interpolated moving least-squares (IMLS) methods. For simplicity, applications of these methods are restricted to two one-dimensional (1D) test cases: a Morse oscillator and a 1D slice of the HN2-->H+N-2 potential energy surface. For these two test cases, we systematically examine the effect of parameters in the weight function (intrinsic to IMLS methods), the degree of the IMLS fit, and the number and placement of potential energy points. From this systematic study, we discover compact and accurate representations of potentials and their derivatives for first-degree and higher-degree (up to nine degree) IMLS fits. We show how the number of ab initio points needed to achieve a given accuracy declines with the degree of the IMLS. We outline automatic procedures for ab initio point selection that can optimize this decline. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maisuradze, GG (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 21 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 19 BP 10002 EP 10014 DI 10.1063/1.1617271 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738EF UT WOS:000186273200005 ER PT J AU Wester, R Bragg, AE Davis, AV Neumark, DM AF Wester, R Bragg, AE Davis, AV Neumark, DM TI Time-resolved study of the symmetric S(N)2-reaction I-+CH3I SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE S(N)2 REACTIONS; NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT-REACTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; CL-+CH(3)BRS(N)2 REACTION; SUBSTITUTION-REACTIONS; CL-+CH3CL ASSOCIATION; CHEMICAL-REACTION; QUANTUM DYNAMICS; SOLVENT DYNAMICS AB Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of negative ions has been applied to study the title reaction as a model system for gas phase S(N)2 reactions. Starting from the precursor cluster I-2(-).CH3I, the interaction of the reactants I- and CH3I is initiated by a pump pulse and the subsequent dynamics are observed with a delayed probe pulse used to detach the excess electron and measure their photoelectron spectra. Using two different pump photon energies, which lead to different amounts of internal energy available to the reaction complex, a number of dynamical features have been observed. For small internal excitation, the reactants only form stable, albeit vibrationally excited, I-.CH3I complexes. However, with increased internal excitation, complexes are formed that exhibit biexponential decay back to I- and CH3I reactants with time scales of 0.8 and 10 ps. Similar dynamics are expected for entrance channel complex formed in the first step of a gas phase S(N)2 reaction. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Wester, Roland/J-6293-2012 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Wester, Roland/0000-0001-7935-6066 NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 19 BP 10032 EP 10039 DI 10.1063/1.1618220 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738EF UT WOS:000186273200007 ER PT J AU Bell, P Aguirre, F Grant, ER Pratt, ST AF Bell, P Aguirre, F Grant, ER Pratt, ST TI Mode-dependent vibrational autoionization of NO2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; HIGHER EXCITED-STATES; STRETCH FERMI RESONANCE; HIGH RYDBERG STATES; JET-COOLED ANILINE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; THRESHOLD PHOTOIONIZATION; BRANCHING RATIOS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; H-2 AB Triple-resonance excitation and high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy were combined to study the mode dependence of vibrational autoionization in Rydberg states of NO2. Photoselection isolates vibrational autoionization via the symmetric stretching vibration, nu(1), and the bending vibration, nu(2). The previously characterized Fermi resonance between one quantum of nu(1) and two quanta of nu(2) [H. Matsui , J. Mol. Spectrosc. 175, 203 (1996)] allows the comparison of the vibrational autoionization matrix elements for these two modes. The squared matrix element for vibrational autoionization via the symmetric stretch is found to be approximately 35 times greater than that for the bend, which is also consistent with previous results. The results are discussed in terms of existing theoretical models for the autoionization process. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bell, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 19 BP 10146 EP 10157 DI 10.1063/1.1618218 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738EF UT WOS:000186273200020 ER PT J AU Srivastava, A Osgood, RM AF Srivastava, A Osgood, RM TI State-resolved dynamics of 248 nm methyl-iodide fragmentation on GaAs(110) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATIVE ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION DYNAMICS; SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES; ALKYL BROMIDES; CROSS-SECTIONS; UMBRELLA MODE; NEGATIVE-IONS; CHAIN-LENGTH; DIODE-LASER AB The 248 nm initiated dissociation dynamics of methyl iodide physisorbed on GaAs (110) is investigated using 2+1 REMPI detection of the CH3 umbrella mode. The velocity and vibrational distributions of the photofragment are dependent on the adsorbate coverage and surface termination. Two translational energy distributions are measured for the CH3 fragment at high coverage, i.e., 25 ML, with maxima at 1 and 1.9 eV. These maxima are within 0.5-0.7 eV of those obtained in direct dissociation of gas-phase CH3I. At 1 ML one distribution is measured with its maxima at 0.3 eV. A modification of the surface with chemisorbed iodine reduces the yield of the CH3 at 1 ML but not at 25 ML. The dissociation dynamics observed at 1 ML is attributed to bond scission following electron attachment while that at 25 ML to direct photodissociation. At 3 ML coverage both the 1 and 25 ML components are observed. The measured fragment vibrational distribution at 1 ML has a 4 times lower v"=1/v"=0 ratio compared with that at 25 ML. Differences in the translational and vibrational distributions for the two dissociation mechanisms are attributed to the available energy and molecular geometry of photoexcited CH3I. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Radiat Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Osgood, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 19 BP 10298 EP 10306 DI 10.1063/1.1619944 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738EF UT WOS:000186273200036 ER PT J AU Kraack, H Ocko, BM Pershan, PS Sloutskin, E Deutsch, M AF Kraack, H Ocko, BM Pershan, PS Sloutskin, E Deutsch, M TI Langmuir films of normal-alkanes on the surface of liquid mercury SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; REENTRANT APPEARANCE; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; DENSITY PROFILE; VAPOR INTERFACE; N-ALKANES; DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; ARCHITECTURES AB The coverage dependent phase behavior of molecular films of n-alkanes (CH3CHn-2CH3, denote Cn) on mercury was studied for lengths 10less than or equal tonless than or equal to50, using surface tensiometry and surface x-ray diffraction methods. In contrast with Langmuir films on water, where roughly surface-normal molecular orientation is invariably found, alkanes on mercury are always oriented surface-parallel, and show no long-range in-plane order at any surface pressure. At a low coverage a two-dimensional gas phase is found, followed, upon increasing the coverage, by a single condensed layer (nless than or equal to18), a sequence of single and double layers (19less than or equal tonless than or equal to20; ngreater than or equal to26), or a sequence of single, double, and triple layers (22less than or equal tonless than or equal to24). The thermodynamical and structural properties of these layers, as determined from the measurements, are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Kraack, H (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il NR 77 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 19 BP 10339 EP 10349 DI 10.1063/1.1618211 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738EF UT WOS:000186273200042 ER PT J AU Ashbaugh, HS Truskett, TM Debenedetti, PG AF Ashbaugh, HS Truskett, TM Debenedetti, PG TI Response to "Comment on 'A simple molecular thermodynamic theory of hydrophobic hydration' SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ashbaugh, HS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Truskett, Thomas/D-4624-2009; Ashbaugh, Henry/C-9767-2011; Truskett, Thomas/C-4996-2014 OI Truskett, Thomas/0000-0002-6607-6468; NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 19 BP 10450 EP 10451 DI 10.1063/1.1619938 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738EF UT WOS:000186273200057 ER PT J AU Tamura, S Takeuchi, K Mao, GM Csencsits, R Fan, LX Otomo, T Saboungi, ML AF Tamura, S Takeuchi, K Mao, GM Csencsits, R Fan, LX Otomo, T Saboungi, ML TI Colloidal silver iodide: synthesis by a reverse micelle method and investigation by a small-angle neutron scattering study SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Materials Processing for Nanostructured Devices (MPND2001) CY SEP 16-19, 2001 CL KYOTO, JAPAN DE nanoparticle; reverse micelle method; silver iodide; small-angle neutron scattering ID PARTICLES; NANOPARTICLES; SYSTEMS; SHAPE; SIZE AB Silver iodide nanoparticles were prepared by mixing two microemulsions containing the precursor salts, silver nitrate and potassium iodide. Five values of w = [water]/[surfactant] were used, namely 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanoparticle diameters were 4-240 nm and increased proportionally with w. The nanoparticles prepared from a microemulsion of w = 2 and 8 showed brown and ocherous colors respectively, while bulk silver iodide powder is pale yellow. The crystal structure was determined by neutron powder diffraction. The composition was estimated to be 25% beta-AgI and 75% gamma-AgI. The super-ionic conductor phase could not be detected at room temperature. The w = 8 microemulsion was examined with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in order to study the core-shell structure of the reverse micelles at various temperatures. Measurements were carried out at 20 and 9 degreesC and then at 70 degreesC and finally at 28 degreesC, in order to investigate whether the structural changes were reversible with temperature. The total radius of the micelles, surfactant shell thickness and water core radius decreased with increasing temperature and the changes were reversible with temperature. The particle diameters derived by TEM were generally larger than those estimated from the SANS measurements. This suggested that the silver iodide nuclei formed initially grew to reach a certain size, corresponding to the most thermodynamically stable species in the microemulsion, because of the fast exchange between the water cores. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tokyo Univ Sci Yamaguchi, Fac Sci & Engn, Onoda 7560884, Japan. Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Ind Sci & Technol, Oshamanbe Town 0493514, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Tamura, S (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci Yamaguchi, Fac Sci & Engn, 1-1-1 Daigaku Dori, Onoda 7560884, Japan. RI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013; Otomo, Toshiya/C-6178-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815; Otomo, Toshiya/0000-0002-7210-8374 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 559 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(02)01470-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 749JZ UT WOS:000186917900017 ER PT J AU Carmichael, GR Tang, Y Kurata, G Uno, I Streets, DG Thongboonchoo, N Woo, JH Guttikunda, S White, A Wang, T Blake, DR Atlas, E Fried, A Potter, B Avery, MA Sachse, GW Sandholm, ST Kondo, Y Talbot, RW Bandy, A Thorton, D Clarke, AD AF Carmichael, GR Tang, Y Kurata, G Uno, I Streets, DG Thongboonchoo, N Woo, JH Guttikunda, S White, A Wang, T Blake, DR Atlas, E Fried, A Potter, B Avery, MA Sachse, GW Sandholm, ST Kondo, Y Talbot, RW Bandy, A Thorton, D Clarke, AD TI Evaluating regional emission estimates using the TRACE-P observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE emission evaluation; chemical transport model; TRACE-P; biomass burning ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ASIA; BIOMASS; PACIFIC; SYSTEM; CO AB Measurements obtained during the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment are used in conjunction with regional modeling analysis to evaluate emission estimates for Asia. A comparison between the modeled values and the observations is one method to evaluate emissions. Based on such analysis it is concluded that the inventory performs well for the light alkanes, CO, ethyne, SO2, and NOx. Furthermore, based on model skill in predicting important photochemical species such as O-3, HCHO, OH, HO2, and HNO3, it is found that the emissions inventories are of sufficient quality to support preliminary studies of ozone production. These are important finding in light of the fact that emission estimates for many species (such as speciated NMHCs and BC) for this region have only recently been estimated and are highly uncertain. Using a classification of the measurements built upon trajectory analysis, we compare observed species distributions and ratios of species to those modeled and to ratios estimated from the emissions inventory. It is shown that this technique can reconstruct a spatial distribution of propane/benzene that looks remarkably similar to that calculated from the emissions inventory. A major discrepancy between modeled and observed behavior is found in the Yellow Sea, where modeled values are systematically underpredicted. The integrated analysis suggests that this may be related to an underestimation of emissions from the domestic sector. The emission is further tested by comparing observed and measured species ratios in identified megacity plumes. Many of the model derived ratios (e.g., BC/CO, SOx/C2H2) fall within similar to25% of those observed and all fall outside of a factor of 2.5. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Ecol Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu; ytang@cgrer.uiowa.edu; kurata@eco.tut.ac.jp; iuno@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; dstreets@anl.gov; nthongbo@cgrer.uiowa.edu; woojh21@cgrer.uiowa.edu; sguttiku@cgrer.uiowa.edu; adwhite@ucdavis.edu; cetwang@polyu.edu.hk; drblake@uci.edu; atlas@ucar.edu; fried@ucar.edu; william-potter@utulsa.edu; m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov; g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov; scott.sandholm@eas.gatech.edu; kondo@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; robert.talbot@unh.edu; bandyar@drexel.edu; dct@drexel.edu; tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu RI Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; WANG, Tao/B-9919-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016 OI WANG, Tao/0000-0002-4765-9377; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915 NR 18 TC 125 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D21 AR 8820 DI 10.1029/2002JD003116 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744VM UT WOS:000186653600002 ER PT J AU Kiley, CM Fuelberg, HE Palmer, PI Allen, DJ Carmichael, GR Jacob, DJ Mari, C Pierce, RB Pickering, KE Tang, YH Wild, O Fairlie, TD Logan, JA Sachse, GW Shaack, TK Streets, DG AF Kiley, CM Fuelberg, HE Palmer, PI Allen, DJ Carmichael, GR Jacob, DJ Mari, C Pierce, RB Pickering, KE Tang, YH Wild, O Fairlie, TD Logan, JA Sachse, GW Shaack, TK Streets, DG TI An intercomparison and evaluation of aircraft-derived and simulated CO from seven chemical transport models during the TRACE-P experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL SOUTH ATLANTIC; ISENTROPIC-SIGMA MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; DEPOSITION; OZONE; ASIA; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; BIOMASS AB Four global scale and three regional scale chemical transport models are intercompared and evaluated during NASA's Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment. Model simulated and measured CO are statistically analyzed along aircraft flight tracks. Results for the combination of 11 flights show an overall negative bias in simulated CO. Biases are most pronounced during large CO events. Statistical agreements vary greatly among the individual flights. Those flights with the greatest range of CO values tend to be the worst simulated. However, for each given flight, the models generally provide similar relative results. The models exhibit difficulties simulating intense CO plumes. CO error is found to be greatest in the lower troposphere. Convective mass flux is shown to be very important, particularly near emissions source regions. Occasionally meteorological lift associated with excessive model-calculated mass fluxes leads to an overestimation of middle and upper tropospheric mixing ratios. Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) depth is found to play an important role in simulating intense CO plumes. PBL depth is shown to cap plumes, confining heavy pollution to the very lowest levels. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02318 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, UMR CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 404 Love Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM ckiley@huey.met.fsu.edu; fuelberg@huey.met.fsu.edu; pip@io.harvard.edu; allen@atmos.umd.edu; gcarmich@icaen.uiowa.edu; djacob@fas.harvard.edu; marc@aero.obs-mip.fr; r.b.pierce@larc.nasa.gov; pickerin@atmos.umd.edu; ytang@cgrer.uiowa.edu; oliver@jamstec.go.jp; tdf@io.harvard.edu; jal@io.harvard.edu; g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov; dstreets@anl.gov RI Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Allen, Dale/F-7168-2010; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012 OI Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Allen, Dale/0000-0003-3305-9669; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; NR 51 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D21 AR 8819 DI 10.1029/2002JD003089 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744VM UT WOS:000186653600001 ER PT J AU Woo, JH Streets, DG Carmichael, GR Tang, YH Yoo, B Lee, WC Thongboonchoo, N Pinnock, S Kurata, G Uno, I Fu, QY Vay, S Sachse, GW Blake, DR Fried, A Thornton, DC AF Woo, JH Streets, DG Carmichael, GR Tang, YH Yoo, B Lee, WC Thongboonchoo, N Pinnock, S Kurata, G Uno, I Fu, QY Vay, S Sachse, GW Blake, DR Fried, A Thornton, DC TI Contribution of biomass and biofuel emissions to trace gas distributions in Asia during the TRACE-P experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE bioemissions; chemical mass balance; Asian outflow ID RECEPTOR MODEL; BLACK CARBON; INDIAN-OCEAN; POLLUTION; IDENTIFICATION AB A comprehensive emission inventory with enhanced spatial and temporal resolution is used to help quantify the contribution from three source categories (fossil, biofuel, and biomass burning) during the NASA TRACE-P experiment. Daily biomass burning emissions are developed to support this analysis. Emissions of 27 species and their ratios, by sector, region, and source category are presented. The emission distributions and chemical composition are further analyzed using various statistical techniques. Using cluster analysis, the 27 chemical species are combined into 8 groups that have similar regional distribution, and 52 regions are assembled into 11 regional groups that have similar chemical composition. These groups are used in Chemical Mass Balance analysis to characterize air masses and to quantify the contribution of the three source categories to the observed species distributions. Five DC8 flights with 16 flight segments associated with outflow events are analyzed. In general, Asian outflow is a complex mixture of biofuel, biomass, and fossil sources. Flights in the post frontal regions at high latitudes and low altitudes have a high contribution of fossil fuel emissions. Flights in the warm sector of cold fronts are dominated by biomass burning contributions (about 70%). Biofuel contributions are high (about 70%) when air masses come from central China. The receptor model results are shown to be consistent with other 3-D chemical model sensitivity studies and analysis using ratios of indicator species (e. g., dK(+)/dSO(4)(2-), CH3CN/(SOy), SOy/CO, and C2Cl4/CO). C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. ACT Inc, Iowa City, IA 52243 USA. European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Ecol Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Shanghai Acad Environm Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM woojh21@cgrer.uiowa.edu RI Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016 OI Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915 NR 35 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D21 AR 8812 DI 10.1029/2002JD003200 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 744VM UT WOS:000186653600004 ER PT J AU Jamieson, BD Yang, OO Hultin, L Hausner, MA Hultin, P Matud, J Kunstman, K Killian, S Altman, J Kommander, K Korber, B Giorgi, J Wolinsky, S AF Jamieson, BD Yang, OO Hultin, L Hausner, MA Hultin, P Matud, J Kunstman, K Killian, S Altman, J Kommander, K Korber, B Giorgi, J Wolinsky, S TI Epitope escape mutation and decay of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CTL responses SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; PRIMARY INFECTION; GENETIC-VARIATION; VIRAL ESCAPE; HIV-1 GAG; IN-VIVO; CELLS; SELECTION; VARIANTS; VIREMIA AB To investigate possible mechanisms behind HIV-1 escape from CTL, we performed detailed longitudinal analysis of Gag (SLYN-TVATL)- and RT (ILKEPVHGV)-specific CTL responses and plasma epitope sequences in five individuals. Among those with CTL against consensus epitope sequences, epitope mutations developed over several years, invariably followed by decay of the CTL targeting the consensus epitopes. The maturation state of the CTL varied among individuals and appeared to affect the rate of epitope mutation and CTL decay, despite similar IFN-gamma production. Escape mutations were oligoclonal, suggesting fitness constraints. The timing of escape indicated that the net selective advantage of escape mutants was slight, further underscoring the importance of understanding factors determining selective pressure and viral fitness in vivo. Our data show surprisingly consistent decay of CTL responses after epitope escape mutation and provide insight into potential mechanisms for both immune failure and shifting CTL specificities. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Jamieson, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, 12-236 Factor Bldg,10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Wolinsky, Steven/B-2893-2012; OI Wolinsky, Steven/0000-0002-9625-6697; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-16042]; NCRR NIH HHS [R-M01-RR-00052]; NIAID NIH HHS [UO1-AI-35041, AI-28697, AI-35040, AI-37613, AI-43203, UO1-AI-35039, UO1-AI-35042, UO1-AI-35043, UO1-AI-37613, UO1-AI-37984, UO1AI-35040] NR 46 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 171 IS 10 BP 5372 EP 5379 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 744QJ UT WOS:000186643300054 PM 14607940 ER PT J AU Torriani, FJ Ribeiro, RM Gilbert, TL Schrenk, UM Clauson, M Pacheco, DDM Perelson, AS AF Torriani, FJ Ribeiro, RM Gilbert, TL Schrenk, UM Clauson, M Pacheco, DDM Perelson, AS TI Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dynamics during HCV treatment in HCV/HIV coinfection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infection CY FEB 24-28, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID INTERFERON-ALPHA-2B PLUS RIBAVIRIN; STAGE LIVER-DISEASE; INFECTED PATIENTS; COMBINATION THERAPY; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2A; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; VIRAL KINETICS; IN-VIVO; MORTALITY; EFFICACY AB We studied hepatitis C virus ( HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) dynamics in 10 coinfected subjects in a trial of pegylated interferon- alpha2a ( PEG- IFN) alone or combined with ribavirin ( RBV), compared with IFN plus RBV for the treatment of HCV. Five subjects, 4 of whom were treated with PEG- IFN, achieved a sustained virological response, although it was delayed by greater than or equal to 1 week in 3 subjects. The median treatment efficacy in blocking virion production was 99.7% in the PEG- IFN group and 60% with standard IFN. In 2 patients with detectable HIV loads before starting HCV study drugs, we observed a 1- log decrease in HIV RNA load. The estimated HCV virion half- life was longer in the HIV- coinfected subjects, which suggests that coinfection may contribute to a slower clearance of HCV. Although the early viral kinetics of coinfected subjects treated with PEG- IFN or IFN differ from those of singly infected subjects, the treatment response seems unaffected. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Antiviral Res Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Hoffmann La Roche Pharmaceut, Basel, Switzerland. RP Torriani, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Antiviral Res Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 150 W Washington St,Ste 100, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [2P 30 AI36214-09A1] NR 48 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 10 BP 1498 EP 1507 DI 10.1086/379255 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 745GW UT WOS:000186681800012 PM 14624375 ER PT J AU Mansur, LK AF Mansur, LK TI Dr. Haim H. Chiswik - Obituary SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mansur, LK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 1 BP V EP V PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 746BK UT WOS:000186726300001 ER PT J AU Sencer, BH Was, GS Sagisaka, M Isobe, Y Bond, GM Garner, FA AF Sencer, BH Was, GS Sagisaka, M Isobe, Y Bond, GM Garner, FA TI Proton irradiation emulation of PWR neutron damage microstructures in solution annealed 304 and cold-worked 316 stainless steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HELIUM; NICKEL; ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN; CAVITIES; CREEP; HFIR AB Solution annealed (SA) 304 and cold-worked (CW) 316 austenitic stainless steels were pre-implanted with helium and were irradiated with protons in order to study the potential effects of helium, irradiation dose, and irradiation temperature on microstructural evolution, especially void swelling, with relevance to the behavior of austenitic core internals in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). These steels were irradiated with 1 MeV protons to doses between 1 and 10 dpa at 300 degreesC both with or without 15 appm helium pre-implanted at similar to100 degreesC. They were also irradiated at 340 degreesC, but only after 15 appm helium pre-implantation. Small heterogeneously distributed voids were observed in both alloys irradiated at 300 degreesC, but only after helium pre-implantation. The pre-implanted steels irradiated at 340 degreesC exhibited homogenous void formation, suggesting effects of both helium and irradiation temperature on void nucleation. Voids developed sooner in the SA304 alloy than CW316 alloy at 300 and 340 degreesC, consistent with the behavior observed at higher temperatures (>370 degreesC) for similar steels irradiated in the EBR-II fast reactor. The development of the Frank loop microstructure was similar in both alloys, and was only marginally affected by pre-implanted helium. Loop densities were insensitive to dose and irradiation temperature, and were decreased by helium; loop sizes increased with dose up to about 5.5 dpa and were not affected by the pre-implanted helium. Comparison with microstructures produced by neutron irradiation suggests that this method of helium pre-implantation and proton irradiation emulates neutron irradiation under PWR conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Resources, Richland, WA 99352 USA. New Mexico Inst Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Nucl Fuel Ind Ltd, Kumatori, Osaka 5900491, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sencer, BH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mailstop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.07.007 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 746BK UT WOS:000186726300004 ER PT J AU Curran, G Sevestre, Y Rattray, W Allen, P Czerwinski, KR AF Curran, G Sevestre, Y Rattray, W Allen, P Czerwinski, KR TI Characterization of zirconia-thoria-urania ceramics by X-ray and electron interactions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; STRUCTURE STANDARDS AB X-ray and electron interactions with matter were used as probes to characterize the structure and chemistry of zirconia-thoria-urania ceramics. The ceramics were prepared by coprecipitation of Zr, Th and U salts. In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) complement X-ray diffraction, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), techniques to reveal the phase structure and chemistry. The results from XRD and EDX show that these ceramics separate into a Zr-based phase and an actinide-based phase with low mutual affinity of Th and Zr, as well as partial solubility of U in Zr. The comparison of EELS spectra collected for the ceramics with spectra collected for UO2 and U3O8 reference materials also allow us to assess U oxidation state independently in the two separate phases. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Actinide Res Grp, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94511 USA. Ecole Natl Super Chim, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Czerwinski, KR (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Actinide Res Grp, 77 Massachusetts Ave,NW13-219, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.07.005 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 746BK UT WOS:000186726300007 ER PT J AU Janney, DE AF Janney, DE TI Host phases for actinides in simulated metallic waste forms SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STEEL-ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LAVES PHASES; ZR ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; TECHNETIUM; SYSTEM AB Argonne National Laboratory has developed an electrometallurgical process for conditioning spent sodium-bonded metallic reactor fuel prior to disposal. A waste stream from this process consists primarily of stainless steel cladding hulls containing undissolved metal fission products and a low concentration of actinide elements. This waste will be immobilized in a metallic waste form whose baseline composition is stainless steel alloyed with 15 wt% Zr (SS-15Zr). This paper presents transmission electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron diffraction observations of SS-15Zr alloys containing 2-11 wt% U, Np, or Pu. The major U- and Pu-bearing materials are Cr-Fe-Ni-Zr intermetallics with structures similar to that of the C15 polymorph of Fe2Zr, significant variability in chemical compositions, and 0-20 at.% actinides. A U-bearing material similar to the C36 polymorph of Fe2Zr had more restricted chemical variability and 0-5 at.% U. Uranium concentrations between 0 and 5 at.% were observed in materials with the Fe23Zr6 structure. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Janney, DE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. EM dawn.janney@anlw.anl.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 323 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.08.032 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 746BK UT WOS:000186726300012 ER PT J AU Granick, S Kumar, SK Amis, EJ Antonietti, M Balazs, AC Chakraborty, AK Grest, GS Hawker, CJ Janmey, P Kramer, EJ Nuzzo, R Russell, TP Safinya, CR AF Granick, S Kumar, SK Amis, EJ Antonietti, M Balazs, AC Chakraborty, AK Grest, GS Hawker, CJ Janmey, P Kramer, EJ Nuzzo, R Russell, TP Safinya, CR TI Macromolecules at surfaces: Research challenges and opportunities from tribology to biology SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE anionic polymerization; biopolymers; block copolymers; colloids; dendrimers; diffusion; gels; glass transition; hyperbranched; interfaces; kinetics; lamellar; lattice models; mechanical properties; metathesis; microgels; molecular dynamics; molecular modeling; Monte Carlo simulation; nanocomposites; neutron reflectivity; neutron scattering; SAXS; self-assembly; self-organization; shear; simulations; structure; surfaces; supramolecular structure; synthesis; theory; thin films; viscosity; viscoelastic properties; X-ray ID CATIONIC-LIPID COMPLEXES; SLIP BOUNDARY-CONDITION; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HYDROPHILIC BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS AB A comprehensive review of ongoing and recommended research directions concerning the structure, dynamics, and interfacial activity of synthetic and naturally occurring macromolecules at the solid-liquid interface is presented. Many new developments stem from the ability to target new size regimes of 1-100 nm. These rapid developments are reviewed critically with respect to chemical synthesis, processing, structural characterization, dynamic processes, and theoretical and computational analysis. The common problems shared by flat and particulate sur-faces are emphasized. A broad spectrum of material properties are discussed, from the control of interfacial friction between surfaces in moving contact, to the mechanical strength and durability of the interfaces in hybrid materials, to optical and electronic properties. Future-research opportunities are identified that involve (1) the emergence of nanoscale material properties, (2) polymer-assisted nanostructures, and (3) the crossroads between interfacial science and biological and bioinspired applications. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, Golm, Germany. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, Div Res, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Univ Penn, Coll Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Biomol Sci & Engn Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Granick, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Hawker, Craig/G-4971-2011; OI Hawker, Craig/0000-0001-9951-851X; Safinya, Cyrus/0000-0002-3295-7128 NR 276 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 10 U2 156 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 22 BP 2755 EP 2793 DI 10.1002/polb.10669 PG 39 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738JD UT WOS:000186282700001 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Wang, F Hickner, M McCartney, S Hong, YT Harrison, W Zawodzinski, TA McGrath, JE AF Kim, YS Wang, F Hickner, M McCartney, S Hong, YT Harrison, W Zawodzinski, TA McGrath, JE TI Effect of acidification treatment and morphological stability of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer proton-exchange membranes for fuel-cell use above 100 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; ion exchangers; poly(ether sulfones) copolymers; Nafion; acidification treatment; conducting polymers; morphology ID RANDOM STATISTICAL COPOLYMERS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; WATER-UPTAKE; DIRECT POLYMERIZATION; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROLYTES; TRANSPORT; NAFION AB Directly copolymerized wholly aromatic sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers derived from 4,4'-biphenol, 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone, 3,3'-disulfonated, and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (BPSH) were evaluated as proton-exchange membranes for elevated temperature operation (100-140 degreesC). Acidification of the copolymer from the sulfonated form after the nucleophilic step (condensation) copolymerization involved either immersing the solvent-cast membrane in sulfuric acid at 30 degreesC for 24 h and washing with water at 30 degreesC for 24 h (method 1) or immersion in sulfuric acid at 100 degreesC for 2 h followed by similar water treatment at 100 degreesC for 2 h (method 2). The fully hydrated BPSH membranes treated by method 2 exhibited higher proton conductivity, greater water absorption, and less temperature dependence on proton conductivity as compared with the membranes acidified at 30 degreesC. In contrast, the conductivity and water absorption of a control perfluorosulfonic acid copolymer (Nafion 1135) were invariant with treatment temperature; however, the conductivity of the Nafion membranes at elevated temperature was strongly dependent on heating rate or temperature. Tapping-mode atomic force microscope results demonstrated that all of the membranes exposed to high-temperature conditions underwent an irreversible change of the ionic domain microstructure, the extent of which depended on the concentration of sulfonic acid sites in the BPSH system. The effect of aging membranes based on BPSH and Nafion at elevated temperature on proton conductivity is also discussed. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Inst Mat Res, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 11 Elect Mat & Devices, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGrath, JE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 31 TC 146 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 22 BP 2816 EP 2828 DI 10.1002/polb.10496 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 738JD UT WOS:000186282700004 ER PT J AU Nyman, M Criscenti, LJ Bonhomme, F Rodriguez, MA Cygan, RT AF Nyman, M Criscenti, LJ Bonhomme, F Rodriguez, MA Cygan, RT TI Synthesis, structure, and molecular modeling of a titanoniobate isopolyanion SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LAYERED PEROVSKITE OXIDES; MASSIF KOLA-PENINSULA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NIOBATE; COMPLEX; POLYOXOMETALATE; EQUILIBRIA; TITANATES; FAMILY AB Polyoxoniobate chemistry, both in the solid state and in solution is dominated by [Nb6O19](8-), the Lindquist ion. Recently, we have expanded this chemistry through use of hydrothermal synthesis. The current publication illustrates how use of heteroatoms is another means of diversifying polyoxoniobate chemistry. Here we report the synthesis of Na-8[Nb8Ti2O28](.)34H(2)O [(1) under bar] and its structural characterization from single-crystal X-ray data. This salt crystallizes in the P-1 space group (a = 11.829(4) Angstrom, b = 12.205(4) Angstrom, c = 12.532(4) Angstrom, alpha = 97.666(5)degrees, beta = 113.840(4)degrees, gamma = 110.809(4)degrees), and the decameric anionic cluster [Nb8Ti2O28](8-) has the same cluster geometry as the previously reported [Nb10O28](6-) and [V10O28](6-). Molecular modeling studies of [Nb10O28](6-) and all possible isomers of [Nb8Ti2O28](8-) suggest that this cluster geometry is stabilized by incorporating the Ti4+ into cluster positions in which edge-sharing is maximized. In this manner, the overall repulsion between edge-sharing octahedra within the cluster is minimized, as Ti4+ is both slightly smaller and of lower charge than Nb5+. Synthetic studies also show that while the [Nb10O28](6-) cluster is difficult to obtain, the [Nb8Ti2O28](8-) cluster can be synthesized reproducibly and is stable in neutral to basic solutions, as well. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 55 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 176 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0022-4596(03)00354-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 745VN UT WOS:000186711300016 ER PT J AU Masuda, T Chakoumakos, BC Nygren, CL Imai, S Uchinokura, K AF Masuda, T Chakoumakos, BC Nygren, CL Imai, S Uchinokura, K TI A novel germanate, Cu2Fe2Ge4O13, with a four tetrahedra oligomer SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE germanate; Cu2Fe2Ge4O13; crystal structure; mixed-spin system; CuGeO3; low-dimensional magnet ID UNIFORM-ANTIFERROMAGNETIC PHASES; SPIN-PEIERLS TRANSITION; NONLINEAR SIGMA-MODEL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SPIN-1/2-1/2-1-1 CHAIN; GROUND-STATE; CUGEO3; DIAGRAMS; CUPRATE AB The structure Of Cu2Fe2Ge4O13, previously thought to be CuFeGe2O6, has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to be monoclinic, P2(1)/m, a = 12.1050(6), b = 8.5073(4), c = 4.8736(2) Angstrom, beta = 96.145(1)degrees, Z = 2, with R1 = 0.0231 and wR2 = 0.0605. The unique structure has an oligomer of four germanate tetrahedra, cross-linked laterally by square-planar copper ions, joined end-to-end by a zigzag chain of edge-sharing iron oxide octahedra. Running along the a-direction the metal oxide chain consists of alternating Cu-Cu and Fe-Fe dimers. A hypothetical series of homologous structures (Cun-2Fe2GenO3n+1 with n = 3, 4,..., infinity) with different length germanate oligomers is proposed, where as n increases, the infinite chain of the CuGeO3 is approached. In this context, Cu2Fe2Ge4O13 is viewed as being built from blocks of CuGeO3 and the Fe oxide chains. This material has significance to the study of low-dimensional mixed-spin systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Chakoumakos, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008,Bldg 7962, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 176 IS 1 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S0022-4596(03)00387-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 745VN UT WOS:000186711300024 ER PT J AU Risk, MJ Sherwood, OA Heikoop, JM Llewellyn, G AF Risk, MJ Sherwood, OA Heikoop, JM Llewellyn, G TI Smoke signals from corals: isotopic signature of the 1997 Indonesian 'haze' event SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE delta C-13; isotope stratigraphy; coral; forest fires; Java Sea; Porites lobata; KIE ID EASTERN PACIFIC CORALS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; BIOLOGICAL CARBONATES; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; STABLE CARBON; PORITES-LUTEA; SKELETONS; OXYGEN; FRACTIONATION; VARIABILITY AB From September to November 1997, most of Indonesia was covered by a dense blanket of haze, originating from fires on Sumatra and Borneo. Specimens of Porites lobata were collected from two locations, i.e. the Riau Archipelago, south of Singapore, where the haze was most dense, and the Karimunjawa Islands, north of Central Java, where the effects were less severe. All corals exhibited strong Kinetic Isotope Effects (KIE). On plots of delta(18)O vs. delta(13)C, shifts in coral metabolism associated with the haze event could be estimated from the distance individual values are positioned from the theoretical KIE line. Skeletons of corals affected by the haze showed decreased delta(13)C values, perhaps produced by a shift to a more heterotrophic mode of feeding. These results suggest that wildfires and major forest fire events on tropical coastlines may be recorded in nearby corals, as could temporal variation in frequency of major fires. Moreover, information on coral metabolism may be determined by examining shifts of coral skeletal values in C-O space. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Risk, MJ (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 202 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00226-3 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 746GW UT WOS:000186739500005 ER PT J AU Bloom, PD Baikerikar, KG Anderegg, JW Sheares, VV AF Bloom, PD Baikerikar, KG Anderegg, JW Sheares, VV TI Fabrication and wear resistance of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal-epoxy composite materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE quasicrystal; Al-Cu-Fe; composite; filler; wear; pin-on-disk ID BEHAVIOR AB Wear resistant polymer composites are prepared using a novel filler material, Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals (QC). Novolac epoxy filled with Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline powder are evaluated by pin-on-disk testing using a 52100 steel counterface. Epoxy samples filled with aluminum, copper, iron, aluminum oxide, and silicon carbide are tested for comparison. The use of Al-Cu-Fe QC powder, as a filler in epoxy, maximizes the composite wear resistance while minimizing abrasion of the 52100 steel counterface. Wear mechanisms of the Al-Cu-Fe composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The fabrication and wear properties of these unique materials will be described. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sheares, VV (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 360 IS 1-2 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00415-5 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 729UP UT WOS:000185793500006 ER PT J AU Mulholland, MM Ege, ES Khraishi, TA Horstemeyer, MF Shen, YL AF Mulholland, MM Ege, ES Khraishi, TA Horstemeyer, MF Shen, YL TI Cavity mediated strain localization and overall ductility in eutectic tin-lead alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE tin-lead alloy; plastic deformation; shear band ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; VOID GROWTH; STRESS STATE; FRACTURE; FLOW; COALESCENCE; LINKING; HOLES AB A combined experimental and numerical study is undertaken to examine the effects of pre-machined holes on strain localization and overall ductility in eutectic tin-lead alloy. Thin-sheet specimens with equal-sized holes aligned in the tensile loading direction are used. The tensile tests were performed at room temperature with a nominal strain rate of 0.001 s(-1). The specimen, containing one hole, showed a significant reduction in ductility compared to the control (no-hole) specimen. With an increasing number of holes, however, the overall strain-to-failure increases and fracture tend to follow shear bands generated locally from the hole edges. Finite element analyses, taking into account the viscoplastic response, were carried out to provide a mechanistic rationale to corroborate the experimental findings. The dispersion of plastic deformation and the effect of hole interaction are both found to contribute to the observed behavior. The local maximum equivalent plastic strain decreases with increasing number of holes, resulting in more delayed fracture. Plastic deformation becomes more intense inside the shear band when the holes are spaced more closely, which explains the increasing propensity of fracture along the shear bands in specimens containing more pre-machined holes. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shen, YL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Shen, Yu-Lin/C-1942-2008; OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 360 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00429-5 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 729UP UT WOS:000185793500020 ER PT J AU Worthey, EA Schnaufer, A Mian, IS Stuart, K Salavati, R AF Worthey, EA Schnaufer, A Mian, IS Stuart, K Salavati, R TI Comparative analysis of editosome proteins in trypanosomatids SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; BOX RNA HELICASE; TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR-4A; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING-PROTEIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; EDITING COMPLEX; BRUCEI MITOCHONDRIA AB Detailed comparisons of 16 editosome proteins from Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania major identified protein motifs associated with catalysis and protein or nucleic acid interactions that suggest their functions in RNA editing. Five related proteins with RNase III-like motifs also contain a U1-like zinc finger and either dsRBM or Pumilio motifs. These proteins may provide the endoribonuclease function in editing. Two other related proteins, at least one of which is associated with U-specific 3' exonuclease activity, contain two putative nuclease motifs. Thus, editosomes contain a plethora of nucleases or proteins presumably derived from nucleases. Five additional related proteins, three of which have zinc fingers, each contain a motif associated with an OB fold; the TUTases have C-terminal folds reminiscent of RNA binding motifs, thus indicating the presence of numerous nucleic acid and/or protein binding domains, as do the two RNA ligases and a RNA helicase, which provide for additional catalytic steps in editing. These data indicate that trypanosomatid RNA editing is orchestrated by a variety of domains for catalysis, molecular interaction and structure. These domains are generally conserved within other protein families, but some are found in novel combinations in the editosome proteins. C1 Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salavati, R (reprint author), Seattle Biomed Res Inst, 4 Nickerson St, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI014102, AI14102, R21 AI053784, R01 AI014102, 1R21AI053784-01] NR 128 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 31 IS 22 BP 6392 EP 6408 DI 10.1093/nar/gkg870 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 743TX UT WOS:000186590600002 PM 14602897 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Liang, W Yariv, A Fleming, JG Lin, SY AF Xu, Y Liang, W Yariv, A Fleming, JG Lin, SY TI High-quality-factor Bragg onion resonators with omnidirectional reflector cladding SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROCAVITY AB We propose to approximate a spherically symmetric Bragg resonator in an onionlike geometry. We develop a transfer-matrix theory for calculation of the quality factors and analyze the effect of the onion stem on cavity Q factors. We find that it is possible to achieve significant inhibition of spontaneous emission in an onion resonator with omnidirectional cladding layers. (C) 2003 Optical society of America. C1 CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, MS 128-95, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 22 BP 2144 EP 2146 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002144 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 740AR UT WOS:000186379100002 PM 14649922 ER PT J AU Volkov, VV Zhu, YM AF Volkov, VV Zhu, YM TI Deterministic phase unwrapping in the presence of noise SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION; EQUATION; IMAGES AB We present a new Fourier-based exact solution for deterministic phase unwrapping from experimental maps of wrapped phase in the presence of noise and phase vortices. This single-step approach has superior performance for images with high phase gradients or insufficient digital sampling approaching 2pi/pixel and therefore performs as a fast and practical solution for the phase-unwrapping problem for experimental applications in applied optics, physics, and medicine. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkov, VV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 22 BP 2156 EP 2158 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002156 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 740AR UT WOS:000186379100006 PM 14649926 ER PT J AU Chernyak, V Chertkov, M AF Chernyak, V Chertkov, M TI Extreme outages caused by polarization mode dispersion SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL STATES; FIBERS; CABLE; ORDER AB We study the dependence on fiber birefringence of the bit-error rate (BER) caused by amplifier noise in a linear optical fiber telecommunication system. We show that the probability-distribution function of the BER obtained by averaging over many realizations of birefringent disorder has an extended tail that corresponds to anomalously large values of BER. We specifically discuss the dependence of the tail on such details of pulse detection at the fiber output as setting the clock and filtering procedures. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chernyak, V (reprint author), Corning Inc, SP DV 02 8, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016; OI Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238; Kolokolov, Igor/0000-0002-7961-8588 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 22 BP 2159 EP 2161 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002159 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 740AR UT WOS:000186379100007 PM 14649927 ER PT J AU Nilsen, J Bajt, S Chapman, HN Staub, F Balmer, J AF Nilsen, J Bajt, S Chapman, HN Staub, F Balmer, J TI Mo : Y multilayer mirror technology uitlized to image the near-field output of a Ni-like Sn laser at 11.9 nm SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY LASER; SATURATION; TABLETOP; REGION AB Although bright x-ray sources exist at shorter wavelengths, the development of sophisticated diagnostics with X-ray laser sources has been restricted to wavelengths longer than 12.5 nm because of the limitations of the widely used Mo:Si multilayer mirrors. With the novel Mo:Y multilayer mirrors that we present, many x-ray laser applications can be extended to the 7-12-nm range. We demonstrate this new capability by imaging the near-field output of the Ni-like Sn laser at 11.9 nm. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Angew Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 22 BP 2249 EP 2251 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002249 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 740AR UT WOS:000186379100037 PM 14649957 ER PT J AU Smith, RF Dunn, J Hunter, JR Nilsen, J Hubert, S Jacquemot, S Remond, C Marmoret, R Fajardo, M Zeitoun, P Vanbostal, L Lewis, CLS Ravet, MF Delmotte, F AF Smith, RF Dunn, J Hunter, JR Nilsen, J Hubert, S Jacquemot, S Remond, C Marmoret, R Fajardo, M Zeitoun, P Vanbostal, L Lewis, CLS Ravet, MF Delmotte, F TI Longitudinal coherence measurements of a transient collisional x-ray laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAIN AB We present what is to our knowledge the first longitudinal coherence measurement of a transient inversion collisional x-ray laser. We investigated the picosecond output of a Ni-like Pd x-ray laser at 14.68 nm generated by the COMET laser facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Interference fringes were generated with a Michelson interferometer setup in which a thin multilayer membrane was used as a beam splitter. We determined the longitudinal coherence for the 4d(1)S(0) --> 4p(1)P(1) lasing transition to be similar to400 mum (1/e half-Width) by changing,the length of one interferometer arm and measuring the resultant variation in fringe visibility.. The inferred gain-narrowed linewidth of similar to0.29 pm is a factor of 4 less than previously measured in quasi-steady-state x-ray laser schemes. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Commisariat Energie Atom, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Paris 11, Lab Interact Rayonnement X Mat, F-91405 Orsay, France. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Paris 11, Lab Charles Fabry, Inst Opt, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Smith, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Fajardo, Marta/A-4608-2012 OI Fajardo, Marta/0000-0003-2133-2365 NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 22 BP 2261 EP 2263 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002261 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 740AR UT WOS:000186379100041 PM 14649961 ER PT J AU Perlmutter, S AF Perlmutter, S TI Dark energy: recent observations and future prospects SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Royal-Society Discussion Meeting on the Search for Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe CY JAN 22-23, 2003 CL ROYAL SOC, LONDON, ENGLAND HO ROYAL SOC DE dark energy; cosmological constant; supernovae ID Z-SUPERNOVA SEARCH; IA SUPERNOVAE; ACCELERATING UNIVERSE; DECELERATION AB Dark energy presents us with a challenging puzzle: understanding the new physics seen in the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe. Measurements using typela supernovae (SNe) first detected this acceleration, and this approach remains the most direct route to studying the details of the Universe's expansion history that can teach us more about the nature of the dark energy. Such measurements are, however, extremely demanding in both precision and accuracy, since the different dark-energy models predict very small differences in the expansion history. While several cosmological probes may reach the required statistical uncertainties, the key measurement limit will be the systematic uncertainty. The supernova-measurement approach has the advantage of well-studied systematic uncertainties, allowing a next-generation experiment to be pursued. We briefly review the progress to date and examine the promise of future surveys with large numbers of SNe and well-bounded systematics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Perlmutter, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 1812 BP 2469 EP 2478 DI 10.1098/rsta.2003.1295 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 744BJ UT WOS:000186607800004 PM 14667312 ER PT J AU Van Bibber, KA Kinion, SD AF Van Bibber, KA Kinion, SD TI Experimental searches for galactic halo axions SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Royal-Society Discussion Meeting on the Search for Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe CY JAN 22-23, 2003 CL ROYAL SOC, LONDON, ENGLAND HO ROYAL SOC DE axion; particle physics; cosmology; dark matter; microwave-cavity experiment ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE; STRONG CP PROBLEM; DARK-MATTER; COSMIC AXIONS; PARTICLE PHYSICS; INVISIBLE AXIONS; RYDBERG ATOMS; INVARIANCE; AMPLIFIER; DENSITY AB A very light axion would be copiously produced during the Big Bang as a zero-temperature Bose gas, and it would possess vanishingly small couplings to matter and radiation. It thus represents an ideal cold dark matter candidate. Galactic halo axions may be detected by their resonant conversion to microwave photons in a high-Q cavity permeated by a strong, magnetic field. A large-scale search for the axion is ongoing in the US with sufficient sensitivity to see axions of plausible model couplings. Dramatic breakthroughs in the development of near-quantum limited superconducting quantum interference device amplifiers promise to improve the sensitivity of the experiment by a factor of 30 in the near future. In Japan, a group has been developing a Rydberg atom single-quantum detector as an alternative to linear amplifiers for a microwave-cavity axion experiment. Should the axion be discovered, the predicted fine structure in the exion signal would be rich in information about the history of galactic formation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Van Bibber, KA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 1812 BP 2553 EP 2567 DI 10.1098/rsta.2003.1291 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 744BJ UT WOS:000186607800009 PM 14667317 ER PT J AU Song, KJ Park, C Oh, SS Kwon, YK Thompson, JR Mandrus, DG Paul, DM Tomy, CV AF Song, KJ Park, C Oh, SS Kwon, YK Thompson, JR Mandrus, DG Paul, DM Tomy, CV TI Complementary study of heat capacity and magnetization for intermetallic YNi2B2C single crystal SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; VORTEX-STATE; SUPERCONDUCTOR; LUNI2B2C; TRANSITION; ANISOTROPY; ERNI2B2C; PHASES; GAP AB The superconducting and magnetic properties of YNi2B2C single crystal have been investigated by heat capacity and dc-magnetic methods, with magnetic field applied parallel to the c-axis, i.e., H\\ (0 0 1)-direction. In the framework of heat capacity and magnetization analyses, we obtain the thermodynamic critical field H-c from both heat capacity and magnetization data. The heat capacity data deviate from predictions for both weak- and strong-coupling superconductivity, but are described relatively well in a medium-coupling analysis. The precise t(3)-dependence of the electronic heat capacity C-es indicates the gap anisotropy with the presence of point nodes for YNi2B2C single crystal. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst, Chang Won 641120, Kyungnam, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37919 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Bombay 40076, Maharashtra, India. RP Song, KJ (reprint author), Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst, Chang Won 641120, Kyungnam, South Korea. EM kjsong@keri.re.kr RI Yoon, Sejin/F-7637-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 398 IS 3-4 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)01267-X PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 738JE UT WOS:000186282800005 ER PT J AU Rittenhouse, RC Apostoluk, WK Miller, JH Straatsma, TP AF Rittenhouse, RC Apostoluk, WK Miller, JH Straatsma, TP TI Characterization of the active site of DNA polymerase beta by molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculation SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; quantum calculation; geometry optimization; metalloenzyme; magnesium complex; coordination; tightly bound water; hydrogen bond ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ZINC-PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; MAGNESIUM; FIDELITY; SIMULATION; COMPLEXES; WATER AB It is well established that the fully formed polymerase active site of the DNA repair enzyme, polymerase beta (pol beta), including two bound Mg2+ cations and the nucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) substrate, exists at only one point in the catalytic cycle just prior to the chemical nucleotidyl transfer step. The structure of the active conformation has been the subject of much interest as it relates to the mechanism of the chemical step and also to the question of fidelity assurance. Although crystal structures of ternary pol beta-(primer-template) DNA-dNTP complexes have provided the main structural features of the active site, they are necessarily incomplete due to intentional alterations (e.g., removal of the 3'OH groups from primer and substrate) needed to obtain a structure from midcycle. Working from the crystal structure closest to the fully formed active site [Protein Data Bank (PDB) code: 1bpy], two molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the solvated ternary complex were performed: one with the missing 3'OHs restored, via modeling, to the primer and substrate, and the other without restoration of the 3'OHs. The results of the simulations, together with ab initio optimizations on simplified active-site models, indicate that the missing primer 3'OH in the crystal structure is responsible for a significant perturbation in the coordination sphere of the catalytic cation and allow us to suggest several corrections and additions to the active-site structure as observed by crystallography. In addition, the calculations help to resolve questions raised regarding the protonation states of coordinating ligands. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biosci Grp, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Straatsma, TP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biosci Grp, Div Biol Sci, Mailstop K1-92, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 53 IS 3 BP 667 EP 682 DI 10.1002/prot.10451 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 739FF UT WOS:000186333200008 PM 14579358 ER PT J AU Martin, LP Pham, AQ Glass, RS AF Martin, LP Pham, AQ Glass, RS TI Effect of Cr2O3 electrode morphology on the nitric oxide response of a stabilized zirconia sensor SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE NOx; NO; gas sensor; microstructure; potentiometric; chromium oxide ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; GAS SENSORS; SENSING ELECTRODE; CHROMIUM-OXIDE; EXHAUST-GASES; NOX; CONDUCTION; JUNCTIONS AB Electrochemical sensors using a porous Cr2O3 Sensing electrode and an yttria- stabilized zirconia electrolyte were fabricated and tested for their NO sensitivity. The electrodes were fabricated by colloidal spray deposition of Cr2O3 powder, followed by sintering at 1000-1200 degreesC. The effects of sintering temperature on the electrode thickness and microstructure are discussed. The observed dependence of the NO sensitivity, in the temperature range of 500-600 degreesC, on both the electrode thickness and microstructure indicates competing mechanisms are involved in the sensor response. The reaction of NO and O-2 to form NO at the electrode surface was explored using a cherm luminescent NOx analyzer. The data indicate that sintering temperature also affects the catalytic activity of the Cr2O3. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Martin, LP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-353,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00485-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 748TZ UT WOS:000186878300006 ER PT J AU Medlin, JW Lutz, AE Bastasz, R McDaniel, AH AF Medlin, JW Lutz, AE Bastasz, R McDaniel, AH TI The response of palladium metal-insulator-semiconductor devices to hydrogen-oxygen mixtures: comparisons between kinetic models and experiment SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE catalysis; metal-insulator-semiconductor hydrogen sensor; kinetic model ID FIELD-EFFECT DEVICES; SENSITIVE MOS-STRUCTURES; PD; ADSORPTION; PD(111); ABSORPTION; SENSORS; SURFACE; CO; OXIDATION AB The operation of hydrogen-sensitive metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices in the presence of oxygen is described using a detailed model of the surface and interface kinetics. The solution methods developed here build on existing models by considering adsorbed oxygenated species in the interaction between atomic hydrogen at the metal-semiconductor interface and the external surface. The net effect of the adsorbed oxygenated species is to increase the amount of interfacial hydrogen predicted to exist within the structure at equilibrium. These theoretical predictions are compared to computed results from a previously existing model; furthermore, both mechanistic models are analyzed in light of new and previously published experimental response trends for MIS devices. Although the two models considered in this work are each found to be useful in understanding some aspects of the response, elementary reaction mechanisms appear to be inadequate for prediction of response curves. The results of these comparisons suggest that the kinetics for operation of MIS sensors in hydrogen-oxygen mixtures are quite complex, and may be strongly morphology-dependent. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McDaniel, AH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Box 969,MS 9052, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 290 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00454-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 748TZ UT WOS:000186878300037 ER PT J AU Jaeger, CD AF Jaeger, CD TI Chemical facility vulnerability assessment project SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the Mary-Kay-OConnor-Process-Safety-Center CY OCT 29-30, 2002 CL COLL STN, TEXAS SP Mary Kay OConnor Proc Safety Ctr DE chemical facility vulnerability assessment; vulnerability assessment methodology; VAM-CFTM AB Sandia National Laboratories, under the direction of the Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Justice, conducted the chemical facility vulnerability assessment (CFVA) project. The primary objective of this project was to develop, test and validate a vulnerability assessment methodology (VAM) for determining the security of chemical facilities against terrorist or criminal attacks (VAM-CF(TM)). The project also included a report to the Department of Justice for Congress that in addition to describing the VAM-CF(TM) also addressed general observations related to security practices, threats and risks at chemical facilities and chemical transport. In the development of the VAM-CF(TM) Sandia leveraged the experience gained from the use and development of VAs in other areas and the input from the chemical industry and Federal agencies. The VAM-CF(TM) is a systematic, risk-based approach where risk is a function of the severity of consequences of an undesired event, the attack potential, and the likelihood of adversary success in causing the undesired event. For the purpose of the VAM-CF(TM) analyses Risk is a function of S, L-A, and L-AS, where S is the severity of consequence of an event, L-A is the attack potential and L-AS likelihood of adversary success in causing a catastrophic event. The VAM-CF(TM) consists of 13 basic steps. It involves an initial screening step, which helps to identify and prioritize facilities for further analysis. This step is similar to the prioritization approach developed by the American Chemistry Council (ACC). Other steps help to determine the components of the risk equation and ultimately the risk. The VAM-CF(TM) process involves identifying the hazardous chemicals and processes at a chemical facility. It helps chemical facilities to focus their attention on the most critical areas. The VAM-CF(TM) is not a quantitative analysis but, rather, compares relative security risks. If the risks are deemed too high, recommendations are developed for measures to reduce the risk. This paper will briefly discuss the CFVA project and VAM-CF(TM) process. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jaeger, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Secur Syst & Technol Ctr, POB 5800,MS 0759, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 104 IS 1-3 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00272-3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 746BJ UT WOS:000186726200017 PM 14602410 ER PT J AU Collis, GE Burrell, AK AF Collis, GE Burrell, AK TI Toward functionalized conducting polymers: synthesis and characterization of novel beta-(Styryl)terthiophenes SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; X-RAY STRUCTURE; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS; WITTIG REACTION; POLYTHIOPHENES; DERIVATIVES; DEVICES; TERTHIOPHENE; THIOPHENE AB Metal-catalyzed coupling methodologies have been employed in the synthesis of the key building block 3'-formyl-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene. Wittig olefinations with this aldehyde have produced five novel beta-styryl-substituted terthiophene monomers. These materials have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, microanalysis, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystal structure analysis. The results from the UV/visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetric investigations are reported. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CSIC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Massey Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Burrell, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CSIC, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM burrell@lanl.gov RI Collis, Gavin/D-6343-2011 NR 68 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 23 BP 8974 EP 8983 DI 10.1021/jo034855g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 741YY UT WOS:000186489000031 PM 14604370 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Nukala, VV Simunovic, S AF Kumar, P Nukala, VV Simunovic, S TI An efficient algorithm for simulating fracture using large fuse networks SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID SPARSE CHOLESKY FACTORIZATION; TOEPLITZ-SYSTEMS; FOURIER ACCELERATION; DISORDERED-SYSTEMS; BREAKDOWN; MATRIX AB The high computational cost involved in modelling of the progressive fracture simulations using large discrete lattice networks stems from the requirement to solve a new large set of linear equations every time a new lattice bond is broken. To address this problem, we propose an algorithm that combines the multiple-rank sparse Cholesky downdating algorithm with the rank-p inverse updating algorithm based on the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula for the simulation of progressive fracture in disordered quasi-brittle materials using discrete lattice networks. Using the present algorithm, the computational complexity of solving the new set of linear equations after breaking a bond reduces to the same order as that of a simple backsolve (forward elimination and backward substitution) using the already LU factored matrix. That is, the computational cost is O(nnz(L)), where nnz(L) denotes the number of non-zeros of the Cholesky factorization L of the stiffness matrix A. This algorithm using the direct sparse solver is faster than the Fourier accelerated preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) iterative solvers, and eliminates the critical slowing down associated with the iterative solvers that is especially severe close to the critical points., Numerical results using random resistor networks substantiate the efficiency of the present algorithm. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kumar, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 45 BP 11403 EP 11412 AR PII S0305-4470(03)67227-6 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/36/45/004 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 750XJ UT WOS:000187023500005 ER PT J AU Ang, LK Kwan, TJT Lau, YY AF Ang, LK Kwan, TJT Lau, YY TI New scaling of Child-Langmuir law in the quantum regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a consistent quantum mechanical model of Child-Langmuir (CL) law, including electron exchange-correlation interaction, electrode's surface curvature, and finite emitter area. The classical value of the CL law is increased by a larger factor due to the electron tunneling through the space-charge potential, and the electron exchange-correlation interaction becomes important when the applied gap voltage V-g and the gap spacing D are, respectively, on the order of Hartree energy level, and nanometer scale. It is found that the classical scaling of V-g(3/2) and D-2 is no longer valid in the quantum regime, and a new scaling of V-g(1/2) and D-4 is established. The smooth transition from the classical regime to the quantum regime is also demonstrated. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM elkang@ntu.edu.sg RI ANG, Lay Kee/F-8115-2015 OI ANG, Lay Kee/0000-0003-2811-1194 NR 17 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 208303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.208303 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300061 PM 14683407 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ Morgan, SE Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Clark, PJ Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Aspinwall, ML Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Milek, M Patel, PM Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Pulliam, T Brau, J Frey, R Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J T'Jampens, S Manfredi, PF Re, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ Morgan, SE Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Clark, PJ Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Aspinwall, ML Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Milek, M Patel, PM Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Pulliam, T Brau, J Frey, R Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J T'Jampens, S Manfredi, PF Re, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurements of branching fractions and CP-violating asymmetries in B-0 ->rho(+/-)h(-/+) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present measurements of branching fractions and CP-violating asymmetries in B-0-->rho(+/-)pi(-/+) and B-0-->rho(-)K(+) decays. The results are obtained from a data sample of 88.9x10(6) Y(4S)-->B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory. From a time-dependent maximum likelihood fit we measure the branching fractions B(B-0-->rho(+/-)pi(-/+))=[22.6+/-1.8 (stat)+/-2.2 (syst)]x10(-6) and B(B-0-->rho(-)K(+))=(7.3 (-1.2) (+1.3)+/-1.3)x10(-6), and the CP-violating charge asymmetries A(CP)(rhopi)=-0.18+/-0.08+/-0.03 and A(CP)(rhoK)=0.28+/-0.17+/-0.08, the direct CP violation parameter C-rhopi=0.36+/-0.18+/-0.04 and the mixing-induced CP violation parameter S-rhopi=0.19+/-0.24+/-0.03, and the dilution parameters DeltaC(rhopi)=0.28 (-0.19) (+0.18)+/-0.04 and DeltaS(rhopi)=0.15+/-0.25+/-0.03. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, Valencia, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B1S 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettr, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012 OI Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 201802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.201802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300007 ER PT J AU Chen, KF Bozek, A Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adachi, I Aihara, H Akatsu, M Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, AM Ban, Y Banas, E Bay, A Behera, PK Bizjak, I Bondar, A Bracko, M Brodzicka, J Browder, TE Casey, BCK Chang, MC Chang, P Chao, Y Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, SK Choi, Y Choi, YK Danilov, M Dash, M Dong, LY Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Eiges, V Enari, Y Fukunaga, C Gabyshev, N Garmash, A Gershon, T Golob, B Guo, R Haba, J Hagner, C Handa, F Hayashii, H Hazumi, M Higuchi, T Hinz, L Hokuue, T Hoshi, Y Hou, WS Hsiung, YB Huang, HC Igarashi, Y Iijima, T Inami, K Ishikawa, A Ishino, H Itoh, R Iwasaki, H Iwasaki, Y Jang, HK Jones, M Kang, JH Kang, JS Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kichimi, H Kim, DW Kim, H Kim, JH Kim, SK Kinoshita, K Koppenburg, P Korpar, S Krokovny, P Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lange, JS Lee, SH Lesiak, T Li, J Limosani, A Lin, SW MacNaughton, J Mandl, F Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Matsumoto, T Matyja, A Mitaroff, W Miyake, H Miyata, H Mohapatra, D Mori, T Nagamine, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, E Nakao, M Nam, JW Natkaniec, Z Nishida, S Nitoh, O Nozaki, T Ogawa, S Ohshima, T Okabe, T Okuno, S Olsen, SL Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Palka, H Park, CW Park, H Park, KS Parslow, N Peak, LS Peters, M Piilonen, LE Root, N Rozanska, M Sagawa, H Saitoh, S Sakai, Y Sarangi, TR Satapathy, M Satpathy, A Schneider, O Schumann, J Schwartz, AJ Semenov, S Senyo, K Sevior, ME Sidorov, V Singh, JB Stanic, S Staric, M Sugi, A Sumisawa, K Sumiyoshi, T Suzuki, S Takahashi, T Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tamura, N Tanaka, M Teramoto, Y Tomura, T Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Ueno, K Unno, Y Uno, S Ushiroda, Y Varner, G Varvell, KE Wang, CC Wang, CH Wang, JG Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Won, E Yabsley, BD Yamada, Y Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yeh, P Yokoyama, M Yusa, Y Zhang, CC Zhang, J Zhang, ZP Zheng, Y Zhilich, V Zontar, D AF Chen, KF Bozek, A Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adachi, I Aihara, H Akatsu, M Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, AM Ban, Y Banas, E Bay, A Behera, PK Bizjak, I Bondar, A Bracko, M Brodzicka, J Browder, TE Casey, BCK Chang, MC Chang, P Chao, Y Cheon, BG Chistov, R Choi, SK Choi, Y Choi, YK Danilov, M Dash, M Dong, LY Drutskoy, A Eidelman, S Eiges, V Enari, Y Fukunaga, C Gabyshev, N Garmash, A Gershon, T Golob, B Guo, R Haba, J Hagner, C Handa, F Hayashii, H Hazumi, M Higuchi, T Hinz, L Hokuue, T Hoshi, Y Hou, WS Hsiung, YB Huang, HC Igarashi, Y Iijima, T Inami, K Ishikawa, A Ishino, H Itoh, R Iwasaki, H Iwasaki, Y Jang, HK Jones, M Kang, JH Kang, JS Katayama, N Kawai, H Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kichimi, H Kim, DW Kim, H Kim, JH Kim, SK Kinoshita, K Koppenburg, P Korpar, S Krokovny, P Kuzmin, A Kwon, YJ Lange, JS Lee, SH Lesiak, T Li, J Limosani, A Lin, SW MacNaughton, J Mandl, F Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Matsumoto, T Matyja, A Mitaroff, W Miyake, H Miyata, H Mohapatra, D Mori, T Nagamine, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, E Nakao, M Nam, JW Natkaniec, Z Nishida, S Nitoh, O Nozaki, T Ogawa, S Ohshima, T Okabe, T Okuno, S Olsen, SL Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Palka, H Park, CW Park, H Park, KS Parslow, N Peak, LS Peters, M Piilonen, LE Root, N Rozanska, M Sagawa, H Saitoh, S Sakai, Y Sarangi, TR Satapathy, M Satpathy, A Schneider, O Schumann, J Schwartz, AJ Semenov, S Senyo, K Sevior, ME Sidorov, V Singh, JB Stanic, S Staric, M Sugi, A Sumisawa, K Sumiyoshi, T Suzuki, S Takahashi, T Takasaki, F Tamai, K Tamura, N Tanaka, M Teramoto, Y Tomura, T Tsuboyama, T Tsukamoto, T Ueno, K Unno, Y Uno, S Ushiroda, Y Varner, G Varvell, KE Wang, CC Wang, CH Wang, JG Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Won, E Yabsley, BD Yamada, Y Yamaguchi, A Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yeh, P Yokoyama, M Yusa, Y Zhang, CC Zhang, J Zhang, ZP Zheng, Y Zhilich, V Zontar, D CA Belle Collaboration TI Measurement of branching fractions and polarization in B ->phi K-(*) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEARCH; PHYSICS AB We present the first measurement of decay amplitudes in B-->phiK(*) and measurements of branching fractions in B-->phiK((*)) decays based on 78.1 fb(-1) of data recorded at the Y(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) storage ring. The decay amplitudes for the different phiK(*0) helicity states are measured from the angular distributions of final state particles in the transversity basis. The longitudinal and transverse complex amplitudes are \A(0)\(2)=0.43+/-0.09+/-0.04, \A(perpendicular to)\(2)=0.41+/-0.10+/-0.04, arg(A(parallel to))=-2.57+/-0.39+/-0.09, and arg(A(perpendicular to))=0.48+/-0.32+/-0.06. The direct CP-violating asymmetries are found to be consistent with zero. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Chiba Univ, Chiba, Japan. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Chinju, South Korea. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. High Energy Acceleratoe Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Inst High Energy Phys, Vienna, Austria. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Kanagawa Univ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Lausanne, Inst Phys Hautes Energies, Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Natl Lien Ho Inst Technol, Miaoli, Taiwan. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Nihon Dent Coll, Niigata, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 558, Japan. Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08545 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Toho Univ, Funabashi, Chiba 274, Japan. Tohoku Gakuin Univ, Tagajo, Miyagi 985, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Tokyo, Japan. Toyama Natl Coll Maritime Technol, Toyama, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Utkal Univ, Bhubaneswar 751004, Orissa, India. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Yokkaichi Univ, Yokaichi, Japan. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Chen, KF (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. RI Marlow, Daniel/C-9132-2014; Ishikawa, Akimasa/G-6916-2012; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014; Krokovny, Pavel/G-4421-2016; Peters, Michael/B-4973-2009; Abe, Kazuo/F-6576-2010; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Yokoyama, Masashi/A-4458-2011; Huang, Hsuan-Cheng/C-7266-2011; Nitoh, Osamu/C-3522-2013; Chistov, Ruslan/B-4893-2014; Drutskoy, Alexey/C-8833-2016 OI Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164; Krokovny, Pavel/0000-0002-1236-4667; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Yokoyama, Masashi/0000-0003-2742-0251; Huang, Hsuan-Cheng/0000-0002-3386-0934; Chistov, Ruslan/0000-0003-1439-8390; Drutskoy, Alexey/0000-0003-4524-0422 NR 21 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 201801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.201801 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300006 PM 14683352 ER PT J AU Chung, P Ajitanand, NN Alexander, JM Anderson, M Best, D Brady, FP Case, T Caskey, W Cebra, D Chance, JL Cole, B Crowe, K Das, AC Draper, JE Gilkes, ML Gushue, S Heffner, M Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Holzmann, W Huo, L Issah, M Justice, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Klay, J Krofcheck, D Lacey, RA Lauret, J Lisa, MA Liu, H Liu, YM Milan, J McGrath, R Milosevich, Z Odyniec, G Olson, DL Panitkin, S Porile, NT Rai, G Ritter, HG Romero, JL Scharenberg, R Srivastava, B Stone, NTB Symons, TJM Taranenko, A Whitfield, J Wienold, T Witt, R Wood, L Zhang, WN Oeschler, H AF Chung, P Ajitanand, NN Alexander, JM Anderson, M Best, D Brady, FP Case, T Caskey, W Cebra, D Chance, JL Cole, B Crowe, K Das, AC Draper, JE Gilkes, ML Gushue, S Heffner, M Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Holzmann, W Huo, L Issah, M Justice, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Klay, J Krofcheck, D Lacey, RA Lauret, J Lisa, MA Liu, H Liu, YM Milan, J McGrath, R Milosevich, Z Odyniec, G Olson, DL Panitkin, S Porile, NT Rai, G Ritter, HG Romero, JL Scharenberg, R Srivastava, B Stone, NTB Symons, TJM Taranenko, A Whitfield, J Wienold, T Witt, R Wood, L Zhang, WN Oeschler, H CA E895 Collaboration TI Near-threshold production of the multistrange Xi(-) hyperon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; CENTRAL PB+PB COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; PB-PB COLLISIONS; STRANGENESS ENHANCEMENT; ENERGIES; AGS; EQUILIBRATION AB The yield for the multistrange Xi(-) hyperon has been measured in 6A GeV Au+Au collisions via reconstruction of its decay products pi(-) and Lambda, the latter also being reconstructed from its daughter tracks of pi(-) and p. The measurement is rather close to the threshold for Xi(-) production and therefore provides an important test of model predictions. The measured yield for Xi(-) and Lambda are compared for several centralities. In central collisions the Xi(-) yield is found to be in excellent agreement with statistical and transport model predictions, suggesting that multistrange hadron production approaches chemical equilibrium in high baryon density nuclear matter. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. St Marys Coll, Moraga, CA 94575 USA. Harbin Inst Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Chung, P (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012 NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 202301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.202301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300010 ER PT J AU Cubukcu, E Aydin, K Ozbay, E Foteinopoulou, S Soukoulis, CM AF Cubukcu, E Aydin, K Ozbay, E Foteinopoulou, S Soukoulis, CM TI Subwavelength resolution in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal-based superlens SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REFRACTION; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; INDEX; SLAB AB We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate single-beam negative refraction and superlensing in the valence band of a two-dimensional photonic crystal operating in the microwave regime. By measuring the refracted electromagnetic waves from a slab shaped photonic crystal, we find a refractive index of -1.94 that is very close to the theoretical value of -2.06. A scanning transmission measurement technique is used to measure the spatial power distribution of the focused electromagnetic waves that radiate from a point source. The full width at half maximum of the focused beam is measured to be 0.21lambda, which is in good agreement with the finite difference time domain method simulations. We also report a subwavelength resolution for the image of two incoherent point sources, which are separated by a distance of lambda/3. C1 Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06533 Bilkent, Turkey. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FORTH, Res Ctr Crete, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. RP Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06533 Bilkent, Turkey. EM ozbay@fen.bilkent.edu.tr RI Ozbay, Ekmel/B-9495-2008; Cubukcu, Ertugrul/F-4807-2010; Aydin, Koray/D-5100-2009; Aydin, Koray/G-2537-2011; Cubukcu, Ertugrul/D-5007-2012; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 OI Aydin, Koray/0000-0002-3268-2216; NR 19 TC 294 Z9 298 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 207401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.207401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300046 PM 14683392 ER PT J AU Davila, LP Caturla, MJ Kubota, A Sadigh, B de la Rubia, TD Shackelford, JF Risbud, SH Garofalini, SH AF Davila, LP Caturla, MJ Kubota, A Sadigh, B de la Rubia, TD Shackelford, JF Risbud, SH Garofalini, SH TI Transformations in the medium-range order of fused silica under high pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIO2 GLASS; AMORPHOUS MATERIALS; LASER-PULSES; DENSIFICATION; DIFFRACTION; COMPRESSION; SIMULATION; DAMAGE; REGION AB Molecular dynamics simulations of fused silica at shock pressures reproduce the experimental equation of state of this material and explain its characteristic shape. We demonstrate that shock waves modify the medium-range order of this amorphous system, producing changes that are only clearly revealed by its ring size distribution. The ring size distribution remains practically unchanged during elastic compression but varies continuously after the transition to the plastic regime. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Alicante, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-03690 Alicante, Spain. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Davila, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 205501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.205501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300026 PM 14683372 ER PT J AU Fisch, NJ Rax, JM Dodin, IY AF Fisch, NJ Rax, JM Dodin, IY TI Current drive in a ponderomotive potential with sign reversal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CURRENT GENERATION; PLASMA; ALFVEN; CONFINEMENT; MIRROR; FORCE; GYRORESONANCE; STABILIZATION AB Noninductive current drive can be accomplished through ponderomotive forces with high efficiency when the potential changes sign over the interaction region. The effect, which operates somewhat like a Maxwell demon, can be practiced upon both ions and electrons. The current-drive efficiencies, in principle, might be higher than those possible with conventional rf current-drive techniques. It remains, however, for us to identify how the effect might be implemented in a magnetic fusion device in a practical manner. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Ecole Polytech, LPTP, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Fisch, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 205004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.205004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300024 PM 14683370 ER PT J AU Hix, WR Messer, OEB Mezzacappa, A Liebendorfer, M Sampaio, J Langanke, K Dean, DJ Martinez-Pinedo, G AF Hix, WR Messer, OEB Mezzacappa, A Liebendorfer, M Sampaio, J Langanke, K Dean, DJ Martinez-Pinedo, G TI Consequences of nuclear electron capture in core collapse supernovae SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEAK-INTERACTION RATES; BOLTZMANN NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; POSTBOUNCE EVOLUTION; MECHANISM; CONVECTION; EQUATION; STATE; EQUILIBRIUM; EXPLOSIONS; SIMULATION AB The most important weak nuclear interaction to the dynamics of stellar core collapse is electron capture, primarily on nuclei with masses larger than 60. In prior simulations of core collapse, electron capture on these nuclei has been treated in a highly parametrized fashion, if not ignored. With realistic treatment of electron capture on heavy nuclei come significant changes in the hydrodynamics of core collapse and bounce. We discuss these as well as the ramifications for the postbounce evolution in core collapse supernovae. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Inst Catalana Rec & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Messer, Bronson/G-1848-2012; Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; Sampaio, Jorge/M-4750-2013; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Messer, Bronson/0000-0002-5358-5415; Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Sampaio, Jorge/0000-0003-4359-493X; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 32 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 201102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.201102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300003 PM 14683349 ER PT J AU Lashley, JC Singleton, J Migliori, A Betts, JB Fisher, RA Smith, JL McQueeney, RJ AF Lashley, JC Singleton, J Migliori, A Betts, JB Fisher, RA Smith, JL McQueeney, RJ TI Experimental electronic heat capacities of alpha- and delta-plutonium: Heavy-fermion physics in an element SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEPTUNIUM; PU AB We have measured the heat capacities of delta-Pu0.95Al0.05 and alpha-Pu over the temperature range 2-303 K. The availability of data below 10 K plus an estimate of the phonon contribution to the heat capacity based on recent neutron-scattering experiments on the same sample enable us to make a reliable deduction of the electronic contribution to the heat capacity of delta-Pu0.95Al0.05; we find gamma=64+/-3 mJ K-2 mol(-1) as T-->0. This is larger than that of any element and large enough for delta-Pu0.95Al0.05 to be classed as a heavy-fermion system. By contrast, gamma=17+/-1 mJ K-2 mol(-1) in alpha-Pu. Two distinct anomalies are seen in the electronic contribution to the heat capacity of delta-Pu0.95Al0.05, one or both of which may be associated with the formation of the alpha(')-martensitic phase. We suggest that the large gamma value of delta-Pu0.95Al0.05 may be caused by proximity to a quantum-critical point. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lashley, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 27 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 205901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.205901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300030 PM 14683376 ER PT J AU Nugent, KA Peele, AG Chapman, HN Mancuso, AP AF Nugent, KA Peele, AG Chapman, HN Mancuso, AP TI Unique phase recovery for nonperiodic objects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; RADIATION; RETRIEVAL AB It is well known that the loss of phase information at detection means that a diffraction pattern may be consistent with a multitude of physically different structures. This Letter shows that it is possible to perform unique structural determination in the absence of a priori information using x-ray fields with phase curvature. We argue that significant phase curvature is already available using modern x-ray optics and we demonstrate an algorithm that allows the phase to be recovered uniquely and reliably. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RP Nugent, KA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012; Nugent, Keith/I-4154-2016 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991; Nugent, Keith/0000-0002-4281-3478 NR 19 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 203902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.203902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300017 PM 14683363 ER PT J AU Pecharsky, VK Pecharsky, AO Mozharivskyj, Y Gschneidner, KA Miller, GJ AF Pecharsky, VK Pecharsky, AO Mozharivskyj, Y Gschneidner, KA Miller, GJ TI Decoupling of the magnetic and structural transformations in Er5Si4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SYSTEM; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; GD-5(SI2GE2); TRANSITION AB Er5Si4 is a member of the R-5(Si4-xGex) family of alloys, where R=rare earth metal. Many of these compounds display a strong coupling between the magnetic and crystal lattices. In the naturally layered R-5(Si4-xGex) materials, inter- and intralayer interactions can be controlled by chemical and physical means; thus their physical properties can be tailored within wide limits. The Er5Si4 is unique in that the temperature dependent structural sequence is opposite that of other representatives of this family. The magnetism of Er5Si4 is reflective of its exceptional place within the series. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vitkp@ameslab.gov NR 24 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 207205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.207205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300045 PM 14683391 ER PT J AU Raychaudhuri, S Chakraborty, AK Kardar, M AF Raychaudhuri, S Chakraborty, AK Kardar, M TI Effective membrane model of the immunological synapse SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; PATTERN-FORMATION; FUNCTIONAL RENORMALIZATION; WETTING TRANSITIONS; COSTIMULATION; ADHESION; RECEPTOR AB The immunological synapse is a patterned collection of different types of receptors and ligands that forms in the intercellular junction between T cells and antigen presenting cells during recognition. The synapse is implicated in information transfer between cells, and is characterized by different spatial patterns of receptors at different stages in the life cycle of T cells. We obtain a minimalist model that captures this experimentally observed phenomenology. A functional renormalization group analysis provides further insights. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Raychaudhuri, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 208101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.208101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300053 PM 14683399 ER PT J AU Sanders, LM Stumpf, R Mattsson, TR Swartzentruber, BS AF Sanders, LM Stumpf, R Mattsson, TR Swartzentruber, BS TI Changing the diffusion mechanism of Ge-Si dimers on Si(001) using an electric field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ABINITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; AD-DIMER; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PIECEWISE DIFFUSION; SURFACE; TRANSITION; ROTATION AB We change the diffusion mechanism of adsorbed Ge-Si dimers on Si(001) using the electric field of a scanning tunneling microscope tip. By comparing the measured field dependence with first-principles calculations we conclude that, in negative field, i.e., when electrons are attracted towards the vacuum, the dimer diffuses as a unit, rotating as it translates, whereas, in positive field the dimer bond is substantially stretched at the transition state as it slides along the substrate. Furthermore, the active mechanism in positive fields facilitates intermixing of Ge in the Si lattice, whereas intermixing is suppressed in negative fields. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sanders, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 206104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.206104 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300034 PM 14683380 ER PT J AU Shnirman, A Makhlin, Y AF Shnirman, A Makhlin, Y TI Spin-spin correlators in the Majorana representation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In the Majorana representation of a spin 1/2 we find an identity which relates spin-spin correlators to one-particle fermionic correlators. This should be contrasted with the straightforward approach in which two-particle (four-fermion) correlators need to be calculated. We discuss applications to the analysis of the dynamics of a spin coupled to a dissipative environment and of a quantum detector performing a continuous measurement of a qubit's state. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. RP Shnirman, A (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 20 AR 207204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.207204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 743LB UT WOS:000186572300044 PM 14683390 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Ackerman, TP Wiscombe, W Stephens, GL AF Li, ZQ Ackerman, TP Wiscombe, W Stephens, GL TI Have clouds darkened since 1995? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID SHORTWAVE EXPERIMENT ARESE; SOLAR-RADIATION; ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION; SATELLITE C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Radiat Measurement Program, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NASA, Climate & Radiat Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, 2207 CSS Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5648 BP 1150 EP 1151 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 742XW UT WOS:000186544300022 ER PT J AU Lee, KH Dinner, AR Tu, C Campi, G Raychaudhuri, S Varma, R Sims, TN Burack, WR Wu, H Kanagawa, O Markiewicz, M Allen, PM Dustin, ML Chakraborty, AK Shaw, AS AF Lee, KH Dinner, AR Tu, C Campi, G Raychaudhuri, S Varma, R Sims, TN Burack, WR Wu, H Kanagawa, O Markiewicz, M Allen, PM Dustin, ML Chakraborty, AK Shaw, AS TI The immunological synapse balances T cell receptor signaling and degradation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CD2-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; DOWN-MODULATION; ACTIVATION; DYNAMICS; TRANSDUCTION; STIMULATION; SPECIFICITY; COMPLEXES AB The immunological synapse is a specialized cell-cell junction between T cell and antigen-presenting cell surfaces. It is characterized by a central cluster of antigen receptors, a ring of integrin family adhesion molecules, and temporal stability over hours. The role of this specific organization in signaling for T cell activation has been controversial. We use in vitro and in silico experiments to determine that the immunological synapse acts as a type of adaptive controller that both boosts T cell receptor triggering and attenuates strong signals. C1 NYU, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, Program Mol Pathogenesis, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci & Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Genentech Inc, Dept Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dustin, ML (reprint author), NYU, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, Program Mol Pathogenesis, New York, NY 10016 USA. RI Varma, Rajat/I-1209-2012; OI Varma, Rajat/0000-0001-5131-0402; Raychaudhuri, Subhadip/0000-0002-9873-6475; Dustin, Michael/0000-0003-4983-6389 NR 29 TC 387 Z9 397 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 14 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5648 BP 1218 EP 1222 DI 10.1126/science.1086507 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 742XW UT WOS:000186544300057 PM 14512504 ER PT J AU Feller, D Dixon, DA AF Feller, D Dixon, DA TI Coupled cluster theory and multireference configuration interaction study of FO, F2O, FO2, and FOOF SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; DIATOMIC DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; MOLLER-PLESSET PERTURBATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HIGHER-ORDER CORRELATION; BASIS-SET CONVERGENCE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; GAS-PHASE; DIOXYGEN DIFLUORIDE AB Structures, vibrational frequencies, atomization energies at 0 K, and heats of formation at 298 K were obtained for four oxyfluoride molecules, several of which are known to present difficulties for single reference ab initio methods. Whereas much of this work was carried out with coupled cluster theory, multireference configuration interaction calculations were also performed, as an independent check on the reliability of the former. The use of large basis sets (up through augmented sextuple zeta quality in some cases) and a simple basis set extrapolation formula enabled us to accurately estimate the complete basis set limit. However, to achieve near chemical accuracy (+/-1 kcal/mol) in the thermodynamic properties, it was necessary to include three corrections to the frozen core atomization energies, in addition to the zero-point vibrational energy: (1) a core/valence correction; (2) a Douglas-Kroll-Hess scalar relativistic correction; and (3) a first-order atomic spin-orbit correction. Several approaches to approximating the remaining correlation energy were examined. Theory and experiment are in good agreement for the structures, with the largest difference associated with the FO bond length of FOOF, where the best theoretical value is 0.020 Angstrom shorter than experiment. Agreement with the available experimental heats of formation is good for FO and FO and much worse for FOO and FOOF. The final theoretical heats of formation (kcal/mol) at 298 K are 27.9 +/- 0.4 (FO), 6.6 +/- 0.5 (F2O), 9.6 +/- 0.6 (FOA and 9.6 +/- 0.9 (FOOF), where the uncertainties include an estimate for the intrinsic errors in the calculations. The corresponding experimental values adopted by the NIST-JANAF tables are 26.1 +/- 2.4 (FO), 5.9 +/- 0.5 (F2O), 6.1 +/- 0.5 (FO2), and 4.6 +/- 0.5 (FOOF). We suggest that the values reported here for FO and FO2 are the most reliable values available for these species and recommend their use. For FOOF, the current theoretical as well as that of others differ significantly from experiment and we recommend their use. Our theoretical value for FOOF has the smallest estimated error limits. In light of the demonstrated accuracy of the approach followed here for a large number of molecules and the magnitude of the discrepancy between theory and experiment for FO2 and FOOF, a reexamination of these systems by experimentalists appears justified. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Feller, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, MS K1-83,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 100 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 13 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 45 BP 9641 EP 9651 DI 10.1021/jp030267v PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 740WJ UT WOS:000186425000020 ER PT J AU Mang, PK Larochelle, S Greven, M AF Mang, PK Larochelle, S Greven, M TI Condensed-matter physics - Spurious magnetism in high-T-c superconductor SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Mang, PK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 3 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 13 PY 2003 VL 426 IS 6963 BP 139 EP 140 DI 10.1038/426139b PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 742LA UT WOS:000186517200031 PM 14614494 ER PT J AU Kang, HJ Dai, PC Lynn, JW Matsuura, M Thompson, JR Zhang, SC Argyriou, DN Onose, Y Tokura, Y AF Kang, HJ Dai, PC Lynn, JW Matsuura, M Thompson, JR Zhang, SC Argyriou, DN Onose, Y Tokura, Y TI Condensed-matter physics - Spurious magnetism in high-T-c superconductor - Reply SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kang, HJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Onose, Yoshinori/F-1977-2010; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Matsuura, Masato/C-2827-2013 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Matsuura, Masato/0000-0003-4470-0271 NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 13 PY 2003 VL 426 IS 6963 BP 140 EP 140 DI 10.1038/426140a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 742LA UT WOS:000186517200032 ER PT J AU Greiner, J Klose, S Reinsch, K Schmid, HM Sari, R Hartmann, DH Kouveliotou, C Rau, A Palazzi, E Straubmeier, C Stecklum, B Zharikov, S Tovmassian, G Barnbantner, O Ries, C Jehin, E Henden, A Kaas, AA Grav, T Hjorth, J Pedersen, H Wijers, RAMJ Kaufer, A Park, HS Williams, G Reimer, O AF Greiner, J Klose, S Reinsch, K Schmid, HM Sari, R Hartmann, DH Kouveliotou, C Rau, A Palazzi, E Straubmeier, C Stecklum, B Zharikov, S Tovmassian, G Barnbantner, O Ries, C Jehin, E Henden, A Kaas, AA Grav, T Hjorth, J Pedersen, H Wijers, RAMJ Kaufer, A Park, HS Williams, G Reimer, O TI Evolution of the polarization of the optical afterglow of the gamma-ray burst GRB030329 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID 29 MARCH 2003; GRB 990510; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; GRB-020405; GRB-030329; EMISSION AB The association of a supernova with GRB030329(1,2) strongly supports the 'collapsar' model(3) of gamma-ray bursts, where a relativistic jet(4) forms after the progenitor star collapses. Such jets cannot be spatially resolved because gamma-ray bursts lie at cosmological distances; their existence is instead inferred from 'breaks' in the light curves of the afterglows, and from the theoretical desire to reduce the estimated total energy of the burst by proposing that most of it comes out in narrow beams. Temporal evolution of the polarization of the afterglows(5-7) may provide independent evidence for the jet structure of the relativistic outflow. Small-level polarization (similar to1-3 per cent)(8-17) has been reported for a few bursts, but its temporal evolution has yet to be established. Here we report polarimetric observations of the afterglow of GRB030329. We establish the polarization light curve, detect sustained polarization at the per cent level, and find significant variability. The data imply that the afterglow magnetic field has a small coherence length and is mostly random, probably generated by turbulence, in contrast with the picture arising from the high polarization detected in the prompt gamma-rays from GRB021206 (ref. 18). C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. Univ Sternwarte Gottingen, D-37083 Gottingen, Germany. ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Sez Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Cologne, Inst Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Sternwarte, Wendelstein Observ, D-81679 Munich, Germany. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. USN Observ, Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Nord Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38700, Spain. Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Copenhagen, NBIfAFG, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Arizona, Multiple Mirror Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Greiner, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM jcg@mpe.mpg.de RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666 NR 28 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 13 PY 2003 VL 426 IS 6963 BP 157 EP 159 DI 10.1038/nature02077 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 742LA UT WOS:000186517200036 PM 14614499 ER PT J AU Parish, MM Littlewood, PB AF Parish, MM Littlewood, PB TI Non-saturating magnetoresistance in heavily disordered semiconductors SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INHOMOGENEITIES; GAP AB The resistance of a homogeneous semiconductor increases quadratically with magnetic field at low fields and, except in very special cases, saturates at fields much larger than the inverse of the carrier mobility, a number typically of the order of 1 T (refs 1, 2). A surprising exception to this behaviour has recently been observed in doped silver chalcogenides(3-5), which exhibit an anomalously large, quasi-linear magnetoresistive response that extends down to low fields and survives, even at extreme fields of 55 T and beyond. Here we present a simple model of a macroscopically disordered and strongly inhomogeneous semiconductor that exhibits a similar non-saturating magnetoresistance. In addition to providing a possible explanation for the behaviour of doped silver chalcogenides, our model suggests potential routes for the construction of magnetic field sensors with a large, controllable and linear response. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pulsed Field Facil, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Parish, MM (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Cavendish, TCM/C-9489-2009; Littlewood, Peter/B-7746-2008; Parish, Meera/E-5102-2013 NR 21 TC 247 Z9 248 U1 19 U2 87 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 13 PY 2003 VL 426 IS 6963 BP 162 EP 165 DI 10.1038/nature02073 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 742LA UT WOS:000186517200038 PM 14614501 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Ahmed, SN Alexeev, GD Alton, A Alves, GA Anderson, EW Arnoud, Y Avila, C Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baffioni, S Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beaudette, F Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Claes, D Clark, AR Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Crepe-Renaudin, S Cummings, MAC Cutts, D da Motta, H Davis, GA De, K de Jong, SJ Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doulas, S Dudko, LV Duensing, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fein, D Ferbel, T Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Ginther, G Gomez, B Goncharov, PI Gordon, H Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hall, RE Han, C Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Huang, J Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jain, S Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Klima, B Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krivkova, P Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, K Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nomerotski, A Nunnemann, T O'Neil, D Oguri, V Olivier, B Oshima, N Padley, P Papageorgiou, K Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rizatdinova, F Rockwell, T Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, Y Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stoker, D Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Tripathi, SM Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Van Kooten, R Vaniev, V Varelas, N Villeneuve-Seguier, F Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A Whiteson, D Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Womersley, J Wood, DR Xu, Q Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yu, J Zanabria, M Zhang, X Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Ahmed, SN Alexeev, GD Alton, A Alves, GA Anderson, EW Arnoud, Y Avila, C Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baffioni, S Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beaudette, F Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Claes, D Clark, AR Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Crepe-Renaudin, S Cummings, MAC Cutts, D da Motta, H Davis, GA De, K de Jong, SJ Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doulas, S Dudko, LV Duensing, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fein, D Ferbel, T Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Ginther, G Gomez, B Goncharov, PI Gordon, H Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hall, RE Han, C Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Huang, J Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jain, S Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Klima, B Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krivkova, P Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, K Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nomerotski, A Nunnemann, T O'Neil, D Oguri, V Olivier, B Oshima, N Padley, P Papageorgiou, K Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rizatdinova, F Rockwell, T Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, Y Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stoker, D Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Tripathi, SM Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Van Kooten, R Vaniev, V Varelas, N Villeneuve-Seguier, F Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A Whiteson, D Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Womersley, J Wood, DR Xu, Q Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yu, J Zanabria, M Zhang, X Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA DO Collaborat TI Observation of diffractively produced W and Z bosons in (p)over-barp collisions at root s=1800 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FERMILAB TEVATRON; DIJET PRODUCTION; SCATTERING; HERA AB Using the DO detector, we have observed events produced in (p) over barp collisions that contain W or Z bosons in conjunction with very little energy deposition ("rapidity gaps") in large forward regions of the detector. The fraction of W boson events with a rapidity gap (a signature for diffraction) is 0.89 +/- (0.19)(0.17)% and the probability that the non-diffractive background fluctuated to yield the observed diffractive signal is 3 x 10(-14), corresponding to a significance of 7.5 sigma. The Z boson sample has a gap fraction of 1.44 +/- (0.61)(0.52)%, with a significance of 4.4 sigma. The diffractive events have very similar properties to the more common non-diffractive component. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, CPPM, IN2P3, Marseille, France. CNRS, Accelerateur Lineaire Lab, IN2P3, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Inst NIKHEF, FOM, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. EM brandt@hepmail.uta.edu RI Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016 OI Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 13 PY 2003 VL 574 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.09.001 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 739MG UT WOS:000186350100005 ER PT J AU Walker, TA Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Lin, JS Spontak, RJ AF Walker, TA Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Lin, JS Spontak, RJ TI Phase behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) blends in the presence of high-pressure carbon dioxide SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE blends; high-pressure CO2; phase miscibility; SAXS ID SOLUTION TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR; SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); POLYMER BLENDS; METHACRYLATE) BLENDS; POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SUPERCRITICAL CO2; PVDF/PMMA BLENDS AB Full Paper: Previous efforts have demonstrated that high-pressure CO2 can markedly influence the phase behavior of amorphous polymer blends. In this work, we examine the effect of high-pressure CO2 on the miscibility of blends composed of glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and semi-crystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Blends of this type are known to exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior with partial miscibility up to approximate to50-60 wt.-% PVDF at ambient conditions. Two miscible PMMA/PVDF blends have been systematically exposed to high-pressure CO2 at 35 degreesC and pressures below and above the critical pressure. Small-angle X-ray scattering reveals that the scattering intensity at high scattering angles shows little dependence on pressure at low CO2 pressures, but increases substantially at relatively high CO2 pressures. Transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses confirm that the blends are initially quasi-homogeneous with diffuse PVDF-rich dispersions and a single glass transition temperature. After exposure to relatively high CO2 pressures, however, the PVDF is found to crystallize within the PMMA-rich matrix. Thermal recycling of these blends promotes homogenization, indicating that such CO2-altered phase behavior is reversible. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Spontak, RJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 82 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 12 PY 2003 VL 204 IS 17 BP 2064 EP 2077 DI 10.1002/macp.200350075 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 746HE UT WOS:000186740300002 ER PT J AU Pan, FF Peters-Lidard, CD Sale, MJ AF Pan, FF Peters-Lidard, CD Sale, MJ TI An analytical method for predicting surface soil moisture from rainfall observations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil moisture; precipitation; Antecedent Precipitation Index (API); loss coefficient ID PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; CATCHMENT-BASED APPROACH; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; MODEL; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; IMPACT; WATER; SIMULATION; VEGETATION AB [1] A simple analytical method for estimating surface soil moisture directly from rainfall data is proposed and studied. Soil moisture dynamics are represented by a linear stochastic partial differential equation [Entekhabi and Rodriguez-Iturbe, 1994]. A diagnostic equation is derived from the soil moisture dynamics equation by eliminating the diffusion term. The derived daily soil moisture function is a time-weighted average of previous cumulative rainfall over a given period (e.g., > 14 days). The advantage of this method is that information on the initial condition of soil moisture, which is often not available at all times and locations, is not needed. The loss coefficient in the diagnostic equation for soil moisture can be estimated from land surface characteristics and soil properties. The method for determining the averaging window size, the loss coefficient, and the infiltration coefficient are described and demonstrated. The soil moisture data observed during three field experiments, i.e., Monsoon' 90, Washita' 92, and SGP' 97, are compared to the calculated soil moisture. The results indicate that the proposed method is robust and has the potential for useful soil moisture predictions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20071 USA. RP Pan, FF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, MS 6335, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pan, Feifei/D-3370-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Pan, Feifei/0000-0003-4373-7566; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 NR 41 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 12 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 11 AR 1314 DI 10.1029/2003WR002142 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 744XR UT WOS:000186658600002 ER PT J AU Robinson, BA Viswanathan, HS AF Robinson, BA Viswanathan, HS TI Application of the theory of micromixing to groundwater reactive transport models SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE micromixing; reactive transport models; nonlinear reactions; mixedness models; groundwater; residence time distribution ID RESIDENCE-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS; 3-DIMENSIONALLY HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; STOCHASTIC-CONVECTIVE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; DIRECT SIMULATION; GEOLOGICAL MEDIA; IMMISCIBLE FLOW; TRANSIT-TIME; MULTICOMPONENT; AGE AB [1] This study extends and applies the theory of micromixing, first introduced in the chemical reaction engineering literature, to the topic of reactive transport in porous media. For all but the simplest linear kinetic and sorption models the fate and transport of a reactive solute depends on the residence times and the details of small-scale mixing. The latter phenomenon, also called micromixing, is important because it brings into close proximity chemical species that react, and it controls the local concentrations in a flowing system. Solutes with reaction rates or sorption isotherms that depend on species concentration will therefore be affected by micromixing. Two models for micromixing are introduced, the minimum and maximum mixedness models, that provide bounds on the extent of reaction or retardation behavior within the constraints imposed by the residence time distribution (RTD) of a conservative solute in the same flow system. These mixing models prescribe the latest or earliest permissible mixing of parcels of fluid of different residence times, which in turn bounds the degree of reaction of a reactive solute for nonlinear rate laws or sorption isotherms. Simulation results using the bounding models show that micromixing effects are most important for nonlinear reaction curves, solute pulses of short duration, and systems with broad RTD curves. Use of these models is a straightforward and practical way to investigate the importance of a phenomenon for which data are seldom available and whose impact on groundwater reactive transport models has heretofore not been studied in a systematic, bounding manner. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Robinson, BA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Robinson, Bruce/F-6031-2010 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 12 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 11 AR 1313 DI 10.1029/2003WR002368 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 744XR UT WOS:000186658600004 ER PT J AU Chromy, BA Nowak, RJ Lambert, MP Viola, KL Chang, L Velasco, PT Jones, BW Fernandez, SJ Lacor, PN Horowitz, P Finch, CE Krafft, GA Klein, WL AF Chromy, BA Nowak, RJ Lambert, MP Viola, KL Chang, L Velasco, PT Jones, BW Fernandez, SJ Lacor, PN Horowitz, P Finch, CE Krafft, GA Klein, WL TI Self-assembly of A beta(1-42) into globular neurotoxins SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BETA-AMYLOID-PEPTIDE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; REVERSIBLE MEMORY LOSS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; A-BETA; IN-VITRO; CELL-DEATH; PROTEIN FIBRILLOGENESIS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE AB Amyloid beta 1-42 (Abeta(1-42)) is a self-associating peptide that becomes neurotoxic upon aggregation. Toxicity originally was attributed to the presence of large, readily formed Abeta fibrils, but a variety of other toxic species are now known. The current study shows that Abeta(1-42) can self-assemble into small. stable globular assemblies free of fibrils and protofibrils. Absence of large molecules was verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. Denaturing electrophoresis revealed that the globular assemblies comprised oligomers ranging from trimers to 24mers. Oligomers prepared at 4 degreesC stayed fibril-free for days and remained so when shifted to 37 degreesC, although the spectrum of sizes shifted toward larger oligomers at the higher temperature. The soluble, globular Abeta(1-42) oligomers were toxic to PC12 cells, impairing reduction of MTT and interfering with ERK and Rac signal transduction. Occasionally, oligomers were neither toxic nor recognized by toxicity-neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that oligomers could assume alternative conformations. Tests for oligomerization-blocking activity were carried out by dot-blot immunoassays and showed that neuroprotective extracts of Ginkgo biloba could inhibit oligomer formation at very low doses. The observed neurotoxicity, structure, and stability of synthetic Abeta(1-42) globular assemblies support the hypothesis that Abeta(1-42) oligomers play a role in triggering nerve cell dysfunction and death in Alzheimer's disease. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Physiol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biodef Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ So Calif, Andrus Gerontol Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Acumen Pharmaceut, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. RP Klein, WL (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Physiol, 2205 Tech Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [P01-AG15501, R01-AG18877] NR 76 TC 372 Z9 385 U1 7 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 11 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 44 BP 12749 EP 12760 DI 10.1021/bi030029q PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 741BQ UT WOS:000186439000004 PM 14596589 ER PT J AU Lin, JF Struzhkin, VV Sturhahn, W Huang, E Zhao, JY Hu, MY Alp, EE Mao, HK Boctor, N Hemley, RJ AF Lin, JF Struzhkin, VV Sturhahn, W Huang, E Zhao, JY Hu, MY Alp, EE Mao, HK Boctor, N Hemley, RJ TI Sound velocities of iron-nickel and iron-silicon alloys at high pressures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; EARTHS INNER-CORE; DENSITY-OF-STATES; COMPRESSION; GIGAPASCALS; EQUATION; SULFUR AB [1] Understanding the alloying effects of nickel and light element(s) on the physical properties of iron under core conditions is crucial for interpreting and constraining geophysical and geochemical models. We have studied two alloys, Fe0.92Ni0.08 and Fe0.85Si0.15, with nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering up to 106 GPa and 70 GPa, respectively. The sound velocities of the alloys are obtained from the measured partial phonon density of states for Fe-57 incorporated in the alloys. Addition of Ni slightly decreases the compression wave velocity and shear wave velocity of Fe under high pressures. Silicon alloyed with Fe increases the compressional wave velocity and shear wave velocity under high pressures, which provides a better match to seismological data of the Earth's core. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Carnegie Inst Washington, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lin, JF (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Lin, Jung-Fu/B-4917-2011; Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548 NR 28 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 21 AR 2112 DI 10.1029/2003GL018405 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 744UQ UT WOS:000186651600004 ER PT J AU Carmichael, GR Tang, Y Kurata, G Uno, I Streets, D Woo, JH Huang, H Yienger, J Lefer, B Shetter, R Blake, D Atlas, E Fried, A Apel, E Eisele, F Cantrell, C Avery, M Barrick, J Sachse, G Brune, W Sandholm, S Kondo, Y Singh, H Talbot, R Bandy, A Thorton, D Clarke, A Heikes, B AF Carmichael, GR Tang, Y Kurata, G Uno, I Streets, D Woo, JH Huang, H Yienger, J Lefer, B Shetter, R Blake, D Atlas, E Fried, A Apel, E Eisele, F Cantrell, C Avery, M Barrick, J Sachse, G Brune, W Sandholm, S Kondo, Y Singh, H Talbot, R Bandy, A Thorton, D Clarke, A Heikes, B TI Regional-scale chemical transport modeling in support of the analysis of observations obtained during the TRACE-P experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL DISTRIBUTIONS; ASIA; EMISSIONS; SEA; ASSIMILATION; METHODOLOGY; EVOLUTION; INDOEX; SYSTEM; OCEAN AB Data obtained during the TRACE-P experiment is used to evaluate how well the CFORS/STEM-2K1 regional-scale chemical transport model is able to represent the aircraft observations. Thirty-one calculated trace gas and aerosol parameters are presented and compared to the in situ data. The regional model is shown to accurately predict many of the important features observed. The mean values of all the model parameters in the lowest 1 km are predicted within +/-30% of the observed values. The correlation coefficients (R) for the meteorological parameters are found to be higher than those for the trace species. For example, for temperature, R>0.98. Among the trace species, ethane, propane, and ozone show the highest values (0.8