FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU McCall, CR Hill, MA Lillard, RS AF McCall, CR Hill, MA Lillard, RS BE Buchheit, RG Kelly, RG Missert, NA Shaw, BA TI Crystallographic pitting in magnesium single crystals SO CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF LIGHT METAL ALLOYS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion and Protection of Light Metal Alloys held at 204th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 12-17, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc ID PURE MAGNESIUM; CORROSION AB The low index planes, (0001), (10 (1) over bar0), and (11 (2) over bar0) in hcp Mg, were investigated. The corrosion behavior for each orientation was investigated in a solution of .01 M NaCl + 10(-4) M Na2Cr2O7. The Mg basal plane orientation exhibited corrosion initiation and propagation at open circuit. However, the type I (10 (1) over bar0) and type II (11 (2) over bar0) prismatic planes were resistant to corrosion at open circuit but exhibited stable dissolution upon polarization at potentials immediately positive to the open circuit potential. Corrosion initiated and propagated via the formation a critical pitting solution in an occluded site geometry facilitated by a pit cover. Corrosion observed in the (0001), (10 (1) over bar0), and (11 (2) over bar0) planes propagated as filaments. Additionally, the propagation of the corrosion filaments in all planes investigated exhibited a crystallographic directional dependence. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCall, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, MST-6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-408-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2003 IS 23 BP 154 EP 165 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAC09 UT WOS:000221516700017 ER PT B AU Zavadil, KR Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG AF Zavadil, KR Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG BE Buchheit, RG Kelly, RG Missert, NA Shaw, BA TI Nanoscale morphology development in the passive oxide on aluminum and the relationship to pitting SO CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF LIGHT METAL ALLOYS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion and Protection of Light Metal Alloys held at 204th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 12-17, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc ID FILMS; CORROSION AB Nanometer scale morphological changes in the passive oxide on aluminum have been tracked as a function of polarization in an aqueous, moderate chloride electrolyte. Nanoscale void formation has been detected and characterized in the passive oxide on both single crystal Al and nanocrystalline Al thin films. Void nucleation occurs at the metal/oxide interface and growth proceeds into the oxide. This void formation process correlates with the faradaic charge density produced due to Al oxidation indicating that the voids result from point defect saturation at the Al/oxide interface. The shape factors for the voids are inconsistent with two leading pit initiation models where stable pitting is argued to result from disruption of the remnant oxide over a void or void-like structures. Several experimental observations and measurements suggest this predominant structural feature is not sufficient alone in determining the stability of the passive oxide toward stable pitting. An experiment is proposed and conducted to clearly establish causality between voids and stable pitting, however, the results are inclusive. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zavadil, KR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-408-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2003 IS 23 BP 283 EP 293 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAC09 UT WOS:000221516700027 ER PT B AU Kelly, SM Babu, SS David, SA Zacharia, T Kampe, SL AF Kelly, SM Babu, SS David, SA Zacharia, T Kampe, SL BE Froes, FH Imam, MA Fray, D TI A thermal and microstructure model for laser deposition of Ti-6Al4V SO COST-AFFORDABLE TITANIUM: SYMPOSIUM DEDICATED TO PROFESSOR HARVEY FLOWER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cost Affordable Titanium held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mats Div, Titanium Comm, USN, Off Naval Res DE Ti-6Al-4V; laser deposition; thermal modeling; microstructure modeling ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; COMPONENTS AB Near-net shape processes, such as laser metal deposition (LMD), offer a unique combination of process flexibility, time savings, and reduced cost in producing titanium alloy components. The current challenge in processing titanium alloys using LMD methods is understanding the complex microstructure evolution as a part is fabricated layer by layer. The microstructure is affected by the repeated thermal cycling that occurs during the deposition process. The current work focuses on the thermal and microstructural modeling of multilayered Ti-6Al-4V deposits. Prior work with LMD-Ti-6Al-4V has shown that a complex microstructure evolves consisting of a two-phase alpha+beta structure. Depending on the location within the part, the Widmanstatten alpha may exhibit a colony (layer band) or basketweave morphology. A thermal model has been developed using finite difference techniques to predict the thermal history of LMD processes. The characteristics of a thermal cycle are used to qualitatively map the evolution of equilibrium and nonequilibrium phases in the deposit. The results of the thermal and microstructure models will be discussed in relation to the as-deposited microstructure. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kelly, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kelly, Shawn/G-6144-2011; Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010; OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579; Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-560-3 PY 2004 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAB62 UT WOS:000221478200006 ER PT S AU Liu, G Johnson, S Kerr, JB AF Liu, G Johnson, S Kerr, JB BE Ginley, DS Carter, SA Gratzel, M Birkmire, RW TI Solvent processible composite carbon nanotube cathode for polymer LED applications SO CRITICAL INTERFACIAL ISSUES IN THIN-FILM OPTOELECTRONIC AND ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Critical Interfacial Issues in Thin-Film Optoelectronic and Energy Conversion Devices held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT LAYER; CONJUGATED POLYMER; DEVICES AB Composites of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and conductive polymers were studied as potential cathode materials for application in polymer light emitting devices. A new conductive poly(2,7-9,9 (di(oxy-2,5,8-trioxadecane))fluorene) (PFO) possessing surfactant properties was used to stabilize SWNTs in solutions. The rigid PFO backbones act as a template while the ethyleneoxide side chains appear to wrap around the SWNTs. Up to 0.02% (by weight) of SWNTs are stabilized in the solution phase. The current vs. voltage behavior of the SWNT/PFO composite film (2% SWNT in PFO by weight) shows that most of the current is carried by SWNTs. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Graetzel, Michael/G-4870-2011 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-734-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 796 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAH12 UT WOS:000222180500003 ER PT S AU Gessert, TA Perkins, CL Asher, SE Duda, A Young, M AF Gessert, TA Perkins, CL Asher, SE Duda, A Young, M BE Ginley, DS Carter, SA Gratzel, M Birkmire, RW TI Study of ZnTe : Cu/Metal interfaces in CdS/CdTe phovoltaic solar cells SO CRITICAL INTERFACIAL ISSUES IN THIN-FILM OPTOELECTRONIC AND ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Critical Interfacial Issues in Thin-Film Optoelectronic and Energy Conversion Devices held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-03, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID RESISTANCE AB The present model for current transport at the CdTe/p-ZnTe:Cu/metal back contact assumes that the CdTe and ZnTe valence bands align, while current transport at a highly doped ZnTe and a metal interface proceeds by tunneling. To test part of this model, we have investigated the electrical and material properties of CdS/CdTe devices where the outer metal is either Ti or Ni. Our results show that differences in device series resistance are not linked simply to metal/ZnTe:Cu interfacial contact resistance, but that metallization-induced diffusion remains a more likely cause of significant performance distinctions. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Graetzel, Michael/G-4870-2011 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-734-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 796 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BAH12 UT WOS:000222180500012 ER PT J AU Bolan, NS Adriano, DC Mahimairaja, S AF Bolan, NS Adriano, DC Mahimairaja, S TI Distribution and bioavailability of trace elements in livestock and poultry manure by-products SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE animal manure; bioavailability; biotoxicity; manure; threshold level ID SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOILS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE APPLICATIONS; BIOSOLIDS-AMENDED SOILS; ENRICHED SWINE MANURE; ALUM SHALE SOIL; HEAVY-METALS; PIG-MANURE; LAND APPLICATION; BROILER LITTER; ORGANIC-MATTER AB Intensive confined livestock and poultry production systems generate large quantities of manure by-products, which have the potential for being recycled on arable land. Protecting the quality of the environment is a major consideration when developing management practices to effectively use manure by-products as a nutrient resource and soil conditioner in agricultural production system. To date, most of the environmental problems associated with, land application of manure by-products have centered on the contamination of groundwater and/or surface water with two major nutrients, nitrogen (N) andpbospborus (P). With increasing use of trace elements (metal is substituted for trace elements for brevity throughout the text) as nutritional supplement in the form of feed additive in intensive animal production industries, manure application has emerged as an important source of certain metals (e.g., As, Cu, and Zn) input in soils. Unlike application of sewage sludge, where application rate is limited based on allowable metal loadings, regulations governing livestock and poultry manure by-products are generally based on total N and/or P loading. Both sewage sludge and manure by-products are applied on land to primarily benefit from their N and/or P content but without regard to metals in the latter. The danger lies in accumulation of manure-borne metals since they virtually don't degrade with the potential of eventually becoming phytotoxic. In order to reduce the risk of off site contamination, it is prudent to propose that land application guidelines for manure by-products be developed that consider their total composition rather than just only specific component (i.e., N and/or P). The present review aims to examine the impact of increased usage of certain metals, especially As, Cu, and Zn, in livestock and poultry production on the quality of manure by-products in relation to their distribution in soils and their subsequent bioavailability to plants. The review first discusses the various sources, concentration, and distribution of these metals in manure by-products. The beneficial effects of manure addition to overcome the deficiency of these metals in soils and the detrimental effects of manure-borne metals on plant growth and microbial functions are also examined. The practical implications of manure-borne metals on environmental contamination are discussed in relation to management guidelines for the safe and beneficial use of manure by-products in agricultural soils. C1 Massey Univ, Nat Resources Inst, Soil & Earth Sci Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Bolan, NS (reprint author), Massey Univ, Nat Resources Inst, Soil & Earth Sci Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. EM n.s.bolan@masey.ac.nz RI Bolan, Nanthi/E-8535-2011 OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 NR 186 TC 107 Z9 124 U1 12 U2 106 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 291 EP 338 DI 10.1080/10643380490434128 PG 48 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825LX UT WOS:000221761100003 ER PT J AU Shi, C Spence, R AF Shi, C Spence, R TI Designing of cement-based formula for solidification/stabilization of hazardous, radioactive, and mixed wastes SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LEACHING PROCEDURE; PORTLAND-CEMENT; SOLID-SOLUTION; IMMOBILIZATION; CARBONATION; HYDRATION; CONCRETE AB Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is often used to treat waste or to remediate contaminated sites. Many people feel S/S is just a process to consolidate waste into a solid product for disposal using cementing materials. This article describes designing a cement-based formula for solidification/stabilization of wastes or contaminated soils from aspects of both the cement chemistry and the environmental chemistry. The discussion includes the following key points.. (1) compatibility between cement and waste materials; (2) chemical fixation of contaminants; (3) physical encapsulation of contaminated waste and soils; (4) durability of the treated waste or soil; (5) leachability of contaminants from the treated waste or soil; and (6) cost-effectiveness of S/S. C1 CJS Technol Inc, Burlington, ON L7M 2Z2, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Shi, C (reprint author), CJS Technol Inc, 2116 Upland Dr, Burlington, ON L7M 2Z2, Canada. EM cshi@cjs-technology.com NR 63 TC 54 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 391 EP 417 DI 10.1080/10643380490443281 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831GN UT WOS:000222183000002 ER PT J AU Gentry, TJ Rensing, C Pepper, IL AF Gentry, TJ Rensing, C Pepper, IL TI New approaches for bioaugmentation as a remediation technology SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE genetically engineered microorganism; immobilized cell; phytoaugmentation; phytoremediation; reporter gene; suicide gene ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID 2,4-D; CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATED SOIL; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA STRAIN; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; REAL-TIME PCR; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI L33 AB Bioaugmentation is commonly employed as a remediation technology. However, numerous studies indicate that introduced microorganisms often do not survive in the environment and thus do not increase contaminant remediation. This review details several new approaches that may increase the persistence and activity of exogenous microorganisms and/or genes following introduction into the environment. These techniques include: (1) bioaugmentation with cells encapsulated in a carrier such as alginate; (2) gene bioaugmentation where the goal is for the added inoculant to transfer remediation genes to indigenous microorganisms; (3) rhizospbere bioaugmentation where the microbial inoculant is added to the site along with a plant that serves as a niche for the inoculant's growth; and (4) phytoaugmentation where the remediation genes are engineered directly into a plant for use in remediation without a microbial inoculant. Additionally, the review discusses the generation of genetically engineered microorganisms for use in bioaugmentation along with methods for the control of the engineered microorganisms in the environment, and the potential effects of the release on indigenous organisms. Various methods for the detection of introduced microorganisms such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reporter genes are also addressed. Ultimately, these new approaches may broaden the application of bioaugmentation as a remediation technology. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Gentry, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 1505,MS-6038,Room 350,1 Bethel Vall, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gentrytj@ornl.gov RI Rensing, Christopher/D-3947-2011 OI Rensing, Christopher/0000-0002-5012-7953 NR 262 TC 133 Z9 142 U1 8 U2 82 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 34 IS 5 BP 447 EP 494 DI 10.1080/10643380490452362 PG 48 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 851XK UT WOS:000223719600002 ER PT J AU Arai, K Ninomiya, A Ishigohka, T Takano, K Nakajima, H Michael, P Vieira, R Martovetsky, N Sborchia, C Alekseev, A Takahashi, Y Kato, T Kaiho, K Tsuji, H Okuno, K Ando, T Isono, T Koizumi, N Hamada, K Kawano, K Nunoya, Y Matsui, K Nishijima, G Kubo, H Uno, Y Seki, S Tsutsumi, F Nakamura, T Wakabayashi, H AF Arai, K Ninomiya, A Ishigohka, T Takano, K Nakajima, H Michael, P Vieira, R Martovetsky, N Sborchia, C Alekseev, A Takahashi, Y Kato, T Kaiho, K Tsuji, H Okuno, K Ando, T Isono, T Koizumi, N Hamada, K Kawano, K Nunoya, Y Matsui, K Nishijima, G Kubo, H Uno, Y Seki, S Tsutsumi, F Nakamura, T Wakabayashi, H TI Acoustic emission and disturbances in central solenoid model coil for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER); acoustic emission (AE); Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit superconductor; stability; disturbance ID SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS AB This paper presents acoustic emission (AE) signals induced from the Central Solenoid (CS) model coil of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) program. Envelopes of the AE signals were quasi-continuously measured with high-time resolution of 100 mus using six multi-channel AE sensors in order to detect the disturbances in the CS model coil during the process of the series of direct current (DC) operations. The AE signals were considered to be originally induced by motion of superconducting cables in cable-in-conduit (CIC) conductors and local motion of the conductors, judging from the close correlation between the AE signals and voltage spikes in the coil, especially during the virgin current operation. The multi-channel measurements provide us with information about the distribution of disturbances that could be detected acoustically by the AE sensors installed at each point of the CS model coil. The observation of AE envelopes with high-time resolution showed that the disturbances at each location of the CS model coil decreased by repeatedly charging-up the coil, judging from instantaneous AE levels, AE energy and the number of AE events. Direct measurements of the number of AE events that were carried out at another point on the coil confirmed that the disturbance dependence on the number of operations was similar to that mentioned above. The transfer function methods using one pair of AE sensors enabled us to analyze changes that might occur in either the coil structure or in the disturbance in frequency region during the repeating of the charging-up processes of the coil. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Energy Elect Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Seikei Univ, Musashino, Tokyo 1808633, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EFDA, Close Support Unit Garching, D-85748 Garching, Germany. DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparatus, St Petersburg 196641, Metallostroy, Russia. RP Arai, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Energy Elect Inst, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RI Nishijima, Gen/B-8804-2009; OI Nishijima, Gen/0000-0001-7493-0559; Michael, Philip/0000-0003-4906-6169 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2003.07.006 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 760HE UT WOS:000187804900003 ER PT J AU Turgeman, R Gershevitz, O Palchik, O Deutsch, M Ocko, BM Gedanken, A Sukenik, CN AF Turgeman, R Gershevitz, O Palchik, O Deutsch, M Ocko, BM Gedanken, A Sukenik, CN TI Oriented growth of ZnO crystals on self-assembled monolayers of functionalized alkyl silanes SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ZINC-OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ELECTRODEPOSITION; CRYSTALLIZATION; CONDUCTIVITY AB Highly ordered ZnO crystals of 0.15 mum width and 0.5 mum length were grown on silicon wafers coated with a monolayer of SiCl3(CH2)(11)-O-C6H5 molecules. Various techniques (contact angle measurements, ellipsometry, ATR-FTIR) were employed for determining the quality of the monolayer coating. In addition, the bare and silane-coated Si wafers were studied by X-ray reflectivity (XR) and grazing-incidence diffraction (GID) using synchrotron radiation. The results obtained point to a possible relationship between the organization of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coating, the dipole moment of the headgroup, and the orientation of the ZnO crystals. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Chem, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sukenik, CN (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Chem, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM gedanken@mail.biu.ac.il NR 61 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 4 IS 1 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1021/cg0340953 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 762JK UT WOS:000187968300031 ER PT S AU Torrington, GK Clingan, DE Baker, RBM Montoya, MM Macke, BT AF Torrington, GK Clingan, DE Baker, RBM Montoya, MM Macke, BT BE Mouroulis, PZ Smith, WJ Johnson, RB TI Design and realization of an innovative mount for calcium fluoride space optics SO CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LENS DESIGN AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering V CY AUG 04-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE calcium fluoride; space; lens mount; spring AB Calcium fluoride is a desirable material for optical design of space systems in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared bands. Modem calcium fluoride materials fabricated for the photolithography industry are highly resistant to space radiation. The wide wavelength band and low dispersion are also desirable properties. Unfortunately, calcium fluoride has a host of significant material property issues which hinder its use in the space environment. Low hardness, susceptibility to thermal and mechanical shock, and large coefficient of thermal expansion present significant challenges during development of opto-mechanical designs. Sandia National Laboratories Monitoring Systems and Technology Center has fielded a calcium fluoride based optical system for use in space. The Sandia design solution is based upon a spring-loaded mount which uses no volatile organic compounds. The theory of the Sandia solution is developed and design rules are presented. The Sandia design solution is illustrated for a specific example. Example design and margin calculations are shown. Finally, lessons learned from our design realization and qualification testing efforts are shared for the benefit of the community. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Torrington, GK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5461-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5523 BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.560282 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBD62 UT WOS:000225039200008 ER PT S AU Malone, RM Bower, JR Capelle, GA Celeste, JR Celliers, PM Frogget, BC Guyton, RL Kaufman, MI Lare, GA Lee, TL MacGowan, BJ Montelongo, S Ng, EW Thomas, TL Tunnell, TW Watts, PW AF Malone, RM Bower, JR Capelle, GA Celeste, JR Celliers, PM Frogget, BC Guyton, RL Kaufman, MI Lare, GA Lee, TL MacGowan, BJ Montelongo, S Ng, EW Thomas, TL Tunnell, TW Watts, PW BE Mouroulis, PZ Smith, WJ Johnson, RB TI Fielding of an imaging VISAR diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) SO CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LENS DESIGN AND OPTICAL ENGINEERING V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering V CY AUG 04-05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE VISAR; optical relay; interferometer; National Ignition Facility (NIF); streak camera ID INTERFEROMETER AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) requires diagnostics to analyze high-energy density physics experiments. As a core NIF early light diagnostic, this system measures shock velocities, shock breakout times, and shock emission of targets with sizes from I to 5 mm. A 659.5 nm VISAR probe laser illuminates the target. An 8-inch-diameter fused silica triplet lens collects light at f/3 inside the 33-foot-diameter vacuum chamber. The optical relay sends the image out an equatorial port, through a 2-inch-thick vacuum window, and into two VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector) interferometers. Both streak cameras and CCD cameras record the images. Total track is 75 feet. The front end of the optical relay can be temporarily removed from the equatorial port, allowing for other experimenters to use that port. The first triplet can be no closer than 500 mm from the target chamber center and is protected from debris by a blast window that is replaced after every event. Along with special coatings on the mirrors, cutoff filters reject the NIF drive laser wavelengths and pass a band of wavelengths for VISAR, for passive shock breakout light, or for thermal imaging light (bypassing the interferometers). Finite Element Analysis was performed on all mounting structures. All optical lenses are on kinematic mounts, so that the pointing accuracy of the optical axis can be checked. A two-color laser alignment scheme is discussed. C1 Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Malone, RM (reprint author), Bechtel Nevada, POB 809, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM malonerm@nv.doe.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5461-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5523 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.561773 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBD62 UT WOS:000225039200016 ER PT J AU Wan, XF Branton, SL Hanson, LA Pharr, GT AF Wan, XF Branton, SL Hanson, LA Pharr, GT TI Identification and initial characterization of a putative Mycoplasma gallinarum leucine aminopeptidase gene SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE ANALOG; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; PROTEINASES GINGIPAINS; LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INACTIVATION; PURIFICATION; SALIVARIUM; RESOLUTION AB Aminopeptidases (APN) may play a role in host colonization of M. gallinarum. Characterization of endogenous APN activity suggests that the leucine APN (LAP) of M. gallinarum is a metallo-aminopeptidase activated by Mn2+ and is present in the cytosol and possibly associated with the inner leaflet of the membrane. A 1.36-kb open reading frame (ORF) identified from overlapping genomic phage clones showed 68% nucleotide identity and 51% amino acid identity with the M. salivarium LAP gene. This ORF is expressed as a 1.5-kb monocistronic transcript and is present as a single copy in M. gallinarum. This gene sequence was modified to account for codon usage, and expression in E. coli produced a 51-kDa protein, which compares well with the product predicted from the ORE This ORF is a strong candidate for contributing the LAP activity of M. gallinarum protein extracts. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Basic Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pharr, GT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s00284-003-4098-1 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 759GA UT WOS:000187728900006 PM 15018100 ER PT J AU Schaefer, DW Agamalian, MM AF Schaefer, DW Agamalian, MM TI Ultra-small-angle neutron scattering: a new tool for materials research SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID MICRON LENGTH SCALES; PHASE-SEPARATION; BRANCHED POLYETHYLENES; SELF-ORGANIZATION; FLUID MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; SILICA; SPACE; OPTIMIZATION; COPOLYMERS AB Ultra-small-angle neutron scattering is a powerful new tool to quantitatively characterize the morphology of materials on length scales from 0.1 to 50 mum. The technique has already been used on a wide range of materials from hydrogels to geologic specimens. The data reveal a surprising richness of previously undetected morphological features. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Schaefer, DW (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dale.schaefer@uc.edu; magamalian@sns.gov OI Agamalian, Michael/0000-0002-9112-2534 NR 62 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2004.01.012 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 842FB UT WOS:000222987600006 ER PT J AU Hatch, DM Boles, JO Li, ZZ Silks, LA AF Hatch, DM Boles, JO Li, ZZ Silks, LA TI Methods for the synthesis of heavy-atom derivatized amino acids: Useful probes for X-ray crystallography, vibrational, and NMR spectroscopy of proteins SO CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NATIVE CHEMICAL LIGATION; ENANTIOMERIC EXCESS DETERMINATION; DISPOSED CHIRAL CENTERS; O-ALKYL CLEAVAGE; N-ACYL SELONES; CENTER-DOT-S; C-H; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Biosynthetic incorporation of selenium- and tellurium- containing amino acids has been exploited to produce both heavy-atom derivatives and nuclear magnetic resonance probes in biomacromolecules. These derivatives have played a significant role in the elucidation of both the local and global structures of a variety of biomacromolecules such as proteins and oligomeric nucleic acids. Although the replacement of methionine with selenomethionine (SeMet) in a protein was reported as early as 1957, it was not until recently that a selenium-containing amino acid was successfully used to simplify the phase problem of macromolecular crystallography through the use of multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) techniques. Boles and coworkers reported the first incorporation of telluromethionine (TeMet) into a protein. More recent research has included the incorporation of [4,5]selenatryptophan ([4,5]SeTrp) and [6,7]selenatryptophan ([6,7]SeTrp) into recombinant proteins, adding two additional tools to the arsenal of heavy-atom derivatives available to probe the structure and dynamics of biomacromolecules. Methods for the construction of Te/Se-Cys and Se-tyrosine and their potential use in biomolecular studies have been reported. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Grp B3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Boles, JO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Grp B3, MS E529, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jboles@tntech.edu; pete-silks@lanl.gov NR 111 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2728 J9 CURR ORG CHEM JI Curr. Org. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 47 EP 64 DI 10.2174/1385272043486098 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 762RM UT WOS:000187996000005 ER PT J AU Biegon, A AF Biegon, A TI Cannabinoids as neuroprotective agents in traumatic brain injury SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Review DE head injury; cannabimimetics; marilulana products; cridocarinabinoids; cannabinoid receptors; antioxidants ID CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY; FOCAL CEREBRAL-ISCHEMIA; RAT HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; IN-VIVO EXCITOTOXICITY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; DEXANABINOL HU-211; ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM; CORTICAL-NEURONS; TNF-ALPHA AB The name "Cannabinoid" applies to a large and diverse family of compounds including plant derived, synthetic and endogenously produced chemicals. Some but not all of which are psychotropic. Cannabinoids of all classes have the ability to protect neurons from a variety of insults that are believed to underlie delayed neuronal death after traumatic brain in (TBI), including excitotixicity, calcium influx free radical formation and neuroinflamination. Thc pathways and experimental models supporting a neuroprotective role the the various classes of cannabinoids are critically reviewed vis a vis their potential to support the development of a clinically viable nueroprotective agent for human TBI. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Biegon, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM BIEGON@BNL.GOV NR 100 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PY 2004 VL 10 IS 18 BP 2177 EP 2183 DI 10.2174/1381612043384196 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 831LJ UT WOS:000222195600006 PM 15281893 ER PT J AU Kantardjieff, K Rupp, B AF Kantardjieff, K Rupp, B TI Structural bioinformatic approaches to the discovery of new antimycobacterial drugs SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Review DE tuberculosis; structural bioinformatics; mycobacteria; virtual screening; structure-based drug design ID UDP-GALACTOPYRANOSE MUTASE; X-RAY-STRUCTURE; PEPTIDE DEFORMYLASE INHIBITORS; TERMINAL METHIONINE EXCISION; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; CATALASE-PEROXIDASE GENE; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; HIGH-THROUGHPUT DOCKING; MYCOLIC ACID SYNTHESIS; CELL-WALL SYNTHESIS AB Integrated bioinformatic approaches to drug discovery exploit computational techniques to examine the flow of information from genome to structure to function. Informatics is being be used to accelerate and rationalize the process of antimycobacterial drug discovery and design, with the immediate goals to identify viable drug targets and produce a set of critically evaluated protein target models and corresponding set of probable lead compounds. Bioinformatic approaches are being successfully applied in the selection and prioritization of putative mycobacterial drug target genes; computational modelling and x-ray structure validation of protein targets with drug lead compounds; simulated docking and virtual screening of potential lead compounds; and lead validation and optimization using structure-activity and structure-function relationships. By identifying active sites, characterizing patterns of conserved residues and, where relevant, predicting catalytic residues, bioinformatics provides information to aid the design of selective and efficacious pharmacophores. In this review, we describe selected recent progress in antimycobacterial drug design, illustrating the strengths and limitations of current structural bioinformatic approaches as tools in the fight against tuberculosis. C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, WM Keck Fdn, Ctr Mol Struct, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kantardjieff, K (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, WM Keck Fdn, Ctr Mol Struct, Dept Chem & Biochem, 800 N State Coll Blvd, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. EM kkantardjieff@fullerton.edu; br@llnl.gov NR 158 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PY 2004 VL 10 IS 26 BP 3195 EP 3211 DI 10.2174/1381612043383205 PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 853UI UT WOS:000223854000003 PM 15544509 ER PT J AU Bailey, SM Goodwin, EH Cornforth, MN AF Bailey, SM Goodwin, EH Cornforth, MN TI Strand-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization: the CO-FISH family SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Chromosome Conference CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Brunel Univ, London, ENGLAND HO Brunel Univ ID HUMAN-CHROMOSOMES; MAMMALIAN TELOMERES; MOUSE CHROMOSOMES; DNA-PKCS; ENDS; RECOMBINATION; ASYMMETRY; SEQUENCES; MECHANISM; LENGTH AB The ability to prepare single-stranded chromosomal target DNA allows innovative uses of FISH technology for studies of chromosome organization. Standard FISH methodologies require functionally single-stranded DNAs in order to facilitate hybridization between the probe and the complementary chromosomal target sequence. This usually involves denaturation of double-stranded probes to induce temporary separation of the DNA strands. Strand-specific FISH (CO-FISH; Chromosome Orientation-FISH) involves selective removal of newly replicated strands from DNA of metaphase chromosomes which results in single-stranded target DNA. When single-stranded probes are then hybridized to such targets, the resulting strand-specific hybridization is capable of revealing a level of information previously unattainable at the cytogenetic level. Mammalian telomeric DNA consists of tandem repeats of the (TTAGGG) sequence, oriented 5'-->3' towards the termini of all vertebrate chromosomes. Based on this conserved structural organization, CO-FISH with a telomere probe reveals the absolute 5'-->3' orientation of DNA sequences with respect to the pter-->qter direction of chromosomes. Development and various applications of CO-FISH will be discussed: detection of cryptic inversions, discrimination between telomeres produced by leading-versus lagging-strand synthesis, and replication timing of mammalian telomeres. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Radiat Oncol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Human Biol Chem & Genet, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Bailey, SM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Campus Delivery 1618, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sbailey@colostate.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-43322]; PHS HHS [76260] NR 28 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2004 VL 107 IS 1-2 BP 14 EP 17 DI 10.1159/000079565 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 859DZ UT WOS:000224244100004 PM 15305050 ER PT J AU Bailey, SM Goodwin, EH AF Bailey, SM Goodwin, EH TI DNA and telomeres: beginnings and endings SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Chromosome Aberrations CY SEP 10-13, 2003 CL Univ Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, GERMANY HO Univ Duisburg-Essen ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; HUMAN CELL-LINE; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; MAMMALIAN TELOMERES; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; V(D)J RECOMBINATION; LENGTH MAINTENANCE; WERNER SYNDROME AB How a cell deals with its DNA ends is a question that returns us to the very beginnings of modern telomere biology. It is also a question we are still asking today because it is absolutely essential that a cell correctly distinguishes between natural chromosomal DNA ends and broken DNA ends, then processes each appropriately - preserving the one, rejoining the other. Effective end-capping of mammalian telomeres has a seemingly paradoxical requirement for proteins more commonly associated with DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs (the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase), Xrcc4 and Artemis all participate in DSB repair through nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). Somewhat surprisingly, mutations in any of these genes cause spontaneous chromosomal end-to-end fusions that maintain large blocks of telomeric sequence at the points of fusion, suggesting loss or failure of a critical terminal structure, rather than telomere shortening, is at fault. Nascent telomeres produced via leading-strand DNA synthesis are especially susceptible to these end-to-end fusions, suggesting a crucial difference in the postreplicative processing of telomeres that is linked to their mode of replication. Here we will examine the dual roles played by DNA repair proteins. Our review of this rapidly advancing field primarily will focus on mammalian cells, and cannot include even all of this. Despite these limitations, we hope the review will serve as a useful gateway to the literature, and will help to frame the major issues in this exciting and rapidly progressing field. Our apologies to those whose work we are unable to include. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Goodwin, EH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM egoodwin@lanl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-43322] NR 81 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2004 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1159/000077474 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 835XX UT WOS:000222519900016 PM 15162023 ER PT J AU Bernard, C Savage, VM AF Bernard, C Savage, VM TI PT-symmetric quantum field theories and the Langevin equation SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics CY JUN 16-17, 2003 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE PT-symmetric hamiltonians; Langevin equation ID COMPLEX; CONVERGENCE; MECHANICS; ANSATZ AB Many non-Hermitian but PT-symmetric theories axe known to have a real, positive spectrum, and for quantum-mechanical versions of these theories, there exists a consistent probabilistic interpretation. Since the action is complex for these theories, Monte Carlo methods do not apply. In this paper a field-theoretic method for numerical simulations of PT-symmetric Hamiltonians is presented. The method is the complex Langevin equation, which has been used previously to study complex Hamiltonians in statistical physics and in Minkowski space. We compute the equal-time one-point and two-point Green's functions in zero and one dimension, where comparisons to known results can be made. The method should also be applicable in four-dimensional space-time. This approach may grant insight into the formulation of a probabilistic interpretation for path integrals in PT-symmetric quantum field theories. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bernard, C (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1023/B:CJOP.0000014375.58419.0d PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 776JN UT WOS:000189113000014 ER PT J AU Ejiri, H Doe, P Elliott, SR Engel, J Finger, M Formaggio, JA Fushimi, K Gehman, V Gorin, A Greenfield, M Hazama, R Ichihara, K Ikegami, Y Ishii, H Itahashi, T Kavitov, P Kekelidze, V Kuroda, K Kutsalo, V Manouilov, I Matsuoka, K Nakamura, F Nomachi, M Ogama, T Para, A Rjazanysev, A Robertson, RGH Shichijo, Y Shima, T Shimada, Y Shirkov, G Sissakian, A Stonehill, LC Sugaya, Y Titov, A Vaturin, V Vilches, OE Voronov, V Wilkerson, JF Will, DI Yoshida, S AF Ejiri, H Doe, P Elliott, SR Engel, J Finger, M Formaggio, JA Fushimi, K Gehman, V Gorin, A Greenfield, M Hazama, R Ichihara, K Ikegami, Y Ishii, H Itahashi, T Kavitov, P Kekelidze, V Kuroda, K Kutsalo, V Manouilov, I Matsuoka, K Nakamura, F Nomachi, M Ogama, T Para, A Rjazanysev, A Robertson, RGH Shichijo, Y Shima, T Shimada, Y Shirkov, G Sissakian, A Stonehill, LC Sugaya, Y Titov, A Vaturin, V Vilches, OE Voronov, V Wilkerson, JF Will, DI Yoshida, S TI Double beta decays and solar neutrinos with Mo-100 SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Advanced-Studies-Institute on Symmetries and Spin CY JUL 12-19, 2003 CL Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Adv Studies Inst, Joint Inst Nucl Res, Int Comm Spin Phys Symposia, Czech Tech Univ, Tech Univ, Liberec, Inst Sci Instruments, Univ Florida HO Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys DE double beta decays; solar neutrinos; neutrino masses; MOON AB The MOON (Molybdenum Observatory Of Neutrinos) project aims at high sensitive studies of betabeta decays and real time studies of low energy solar neutrinos in Mo-100 nuclear laboratories. Neutrino-less betabeta decays from Mo-100 are measured with a mass sensitivity of < m(v) >approximate to 0.03 eV, and the charged-current solar neutrinos from Be-7 are observed with good statistics. MOON is a spectroscopic experiment for two beta rays. The double beta rays from Mo-100 are measured in prompt coincidence for the betabeta studies, and the inverse beta rays from solar-v captures of Mo-100 are measured in delayed coincidence with the subsequent beta decay of Tc-100. High localization of the two betabeta tracks enables one to select true signals and reject background ones by spatial and time correlation analyses. The MOON detector, where the betabeta source is separated from the detector, can be used for other betabeta nuclei by replacing Mo-100 isotopes with other isotopes. This reports briefly the present status of the MOON project. C1 Osaka Univ, RCNP, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Charles Univ, FMP, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Univ Tokushima, IAS, Tokushima 7708592, Japan. IHEP, Protvino 142284, Russia. Int Christian Univ, Tokyo 1818585, Japan. Osaka Univ, OULNS, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ejiri, H (reprint author), Osaka Univ, RCNP, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2004 VL 54 SU B BP B317 EP B325 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 861OI UT WOS:000224426000036 ER PT J AU Spinka, H Bravar, A Alekseev, I Ahrens, L Bai, M Bunce, G Cadman, RV Dhawan, S Grosnick, DP Huang, H Hughes, V Igo, G Jinnouchi, O Krueger, K Kurita, K Li, Z MacKay, WW Makdisi, Y Rescia, S Roser, T Saito, N Svirida, D Underwood, D Whitten, C Wood, J AF Spinka, H Bravar, A Alekseev, I Ahrens, L Bai, M Bunce, G Cadman, RV Dhawan, S Grosnick, DP Huang, H Hughes, V Igo, G Jinnouchi, O Krueger, K Kurita, K Li, Z MacKay, WW Makdisi, Y Rescia, S Roser, T Saito, N Svirida, D Underwood, D Whitten, C Wood, J TI Polarimetry at RHIC and the AGS SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Advanced Studies Institute on Symmetries and Spin CY JUL 12-19, 2003 CL Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Int Comm Spin Phys Symposia, Czech Tech Univ, Tech Univ, Liberec, Inst Sci Instruments, Univ Florida HO Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys DE polarimeter; Coulomb-nuclear interference; polarized protons ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING AB An overview of the AGS and RHIC polarimeters and results from recent polarized proton running is given. These polarimeters are based on p + C elastic scattering in the Coulomb-nuclear interference region. A surprising energy variation is observed in the t-dependence of the analyzing power between 3.8 and 24 GeV/c, while there is evidence that changes are much smaller up to 200 GeV/c. Plans for future polarimetry are also described. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rikkyo Univ, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Spinka, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2004 VL 54 SU B BP B155 EP B160 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 861OI UT WOS:000224426000019 ER PT J AU Spinka, H AF Spinka, H CA STAR Collaboration TI Some spin physics measurements with STAR SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Advanced-Studies-Institute on Symmetries and Spin CY JUL 12-19, 2003 CL Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Adv Studies Inst, Joint Inst Nucl Res, Int Comm Spin Phys Symposia, Czech Tech Univ, Tech Univ, Liberec, Inst Sci Instruments, Univ Florida HO Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys DE spin effects; polarized proton beams AB Preliminary results are presented for single-spin charged particle asymmetries in PP collisions detected with the STAR beam-beam counters at pseudorapidity n approximate to 4. A nonzero analyzing power is observed; the magnitude is approximately half of that seen for the RHIC Coulomb-nuclear interference polarimeters. Single- and double-spin asymmetry measurements for leading charged particles detected with the STAR time projection chamber are also described. The preliminary results are consistent with zero. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Spinka, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2004 VL 54 SU B BP B143 EP B150 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 861OI UT WOS:000224426000017 ER PT J AU Janousova, B Sechovsky, V Lacerda, AH Komatsubara, T AF Janousova, B Sechovsky, V Lacerda, AH Komatsubara, T TI Magnetic and transport properties of PrPtSn SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Czech and Slovak Conference on Magnetism CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Kosice, SLOVAKIA SP PJ Safarik Univ, Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Fac Sci DE PrPtSn; anisotropy; Pr3+ singlet ground state; magnetoresistivity ID CEPTSN; PD AB Physical behavior of PrPtSn has been studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction, magnetization, dc magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements. PrPtSn was found to crystallize in the orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma. No indication of long-range magnetic ordering down to 0.4 K has been observed most probably due to the singlet ground state of the Pr3+ ion yielding van Vleck paramagnetism below 20 K. The high-temperature magnetic susceptibility of PrPtSn can be described by a Curie-Weiss behavior with the paramagnetic Curie temperatures theta(a) = -12.8(1) K, theta(b) = 9.1(4) K, theta(c) = -139(4) K with the b-axis being the easy-magnetization direction. Deviations from the Curie-Weiss law below 60 K can be ascribed to crystal-field interaction which is also responsible for the overall anisotropy of magnetic properties. C1 Charles Univ, Dept Elect Struct, Prague 12116 2, Czech Republic. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Janousova, B (reprint author), Charles Univ, Dept Elect Struct, Prague 12116 2, Czech Republic. EM blanka@mag.mff.cuni.cz RI Detlefs, Blanka/C-9249-2009; Sechovsky, Vladimir/A-5256-2008 OI Sechovsky, Vladimir/0000-0003-1298-2120 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 2004 VL 54 SU D BP D319 EP D322 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 898FO UT WOS:000227062000071 ER PT J AU Plieger, PG Burrell, AK Jameson, GB Officer, DL AF Plieger, PG Burrell, AK Jameson, GB Officer, DL TI Metallation effects on the thermal interconversion of atropisomers of di(orthomethylarene)-substituted porphyrins SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID PICKET-FENCE PORPHYRINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RING ROTATION; COMPLEXES; LIGAND; MODEL; METALLOPORPHYRINS; ISOMERIZATION; RECOGNITION; SEPARATION AB A new series of meso-substituted diaryl free-base and metalloporphyrins have been prepared. Each arene has been substituted with both a methyl group in the ortho position and a formyl group in the meta position. Rotation of the arene units is prevented at room temperature due to the steric restrictions imposed by the flanking methyl groups at the porphyrin beta-pyrrolic positions on the methyl groups at the ortho position on the meso-substituted arene unit. This allowed the alphaalpha and alphabeta atropisomers of this porphyrin to be separated and characterised. X-Ray crystallographic determination of the structure of the free-base porphyrin revealed a very flat porphyrin core. Metallation resulted in the isolation and characterisation of the nickel, zinc and copper derivatives. The assignments of the aa and alphabeta isomers are confirmed by X-ray crystallographic determination of the structures of the Cu(II) analogues. The copper alphaalpha structure exhibits a very twisted porphyrin core, the copper alphabeta structure is also distorted, but to a lesser degree. The activation energy for rotation has been calculated for each of the 2H, Ni and Zn derivatives. The energy required to rotate the arene ring increases in the order Ni(12-); SUBSTITUTED HETEROPOLYANIONS; REDOX BEHAVIOR; ACTINIDE IONS; STABILIZATION; LANTHANIDE; OXIDATION; CERIUM AB X-Ray absorption spectroscopy was used to probe the coordination of different encrypted cations in the Preyssler anions [Mn+P5W30O110]((15-n)-) (Mn+ = Sr2+, Am3 +, Eu3+, Sm3+, Y3+, Th4+, U4+ in decreasing order of ionic radius, IR), hereafter abbreviated [M(n+)PA]((15-n)-). The increase of the M-W distance and the decrease of the M - P distance with increasing M ionic radius reveal that the M cation is displaced along the C-5 axis within the Preyssler cavity. The slight change (0.07 Angstrom) of the M-O distance that does not correspond to the IR difference of 0.27 Angstrom confirms that the cavity retains its rigidity upon cation substitution. Geometric modeling of the encapsulated cation in the channel was performed for comparison to the EXAFS results. The position of the cation in the cavity was calculated as well as the M-O-10,-W-5 and -P-5 distances. This modeling confirms the cation displacement toward the center of the Preyssler anion as the cation size increases, which is understood in terms of the non-homogenous electrostatic potential present within the cavity. The bond valence model approach was applied to obtain experimental bond valences. Only the bond valence sum (BVS) of Am3+ is close to its actual charge. Sums smaller than the actual valences of the +3 and +4 ions (2.39-2.63 for +3 cations, Y, Sm, Eu; 3.17 and 3.38 for +4 cations, U and Th, respectively) were obtained, and a larger sum (2.89) was obtained for Sr2+. The deviations from the formal M sums of the encapsulated ions are attributed to the rigidity of the Preyssler framework. The tendency toward coordinative unsaturation for electroactive cations, such as Eu3+, is thought to be the driving force for facile reduction. Unlike other inorganic chelating ligands, the Preyssler anion provides a unique redox system to stabilize an electroactive cation in a low oxidation state. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chiang, Ming-Hsi/E-2044-2015 OI Chiang, Ming-Hsi/0000-0002-7632-9369 NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2004 IS 5 BP 801 EP 806 DI 10.1039/b315334g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 776XC UT WOS:000189143800016 PM 15252502 ER PT J AU Giesbrecht, GR Gordon, JC AF Giesbrecht, GR Gordon, JC TI Lanthanide alkylidene and imido complexes SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID VALENT ORGANOURANIUM COMPLEXES; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; URANIUM(VI) ORGANOIMIDO COMPLEXES; METAL CARBENE TRANSFORMATIONS; NITROGEN MULTIPLE BOND; C-H ACTIVATION; TRANSITION-METAL; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; OLEFIN-METATHESIS; PHOSPHORANEIMINATO COMPLEXES AB In stark contrast to the transition metals, examples of imido or alkylidene complexes of the lanthanides remain scarce. A recent literature survey reveals that only nine examples of lanthanide imido complexes have been reported, and the majority of these have arisen serendipitously. Concrete examples of species containing lanthanide-carbon multiple bonds are even more sparse. Recently, some rational approaches to the synthesis of lanthanide complexes containing Ln=X functionalities have been detailed (X=C, N). Additionally, a DFT (Density Functional Theory) study of a samarium imido complex has provided insight into the electronic and steric factors that may be necessary to support these unusual reactive groups. This Perspective reviews the work in this field and offers some suggestions to expand this potentially useful class of compounds. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Giesbrecht, GR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 99 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2004 IS 16 BP 2387 EP 2393 DI 10.1039/b407173e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 845FG UT WOS:000223222000001 PM 15303145 ER PT J AU Jarupatrakorn, J Tilley, TD AF Jarupatrakorn, J Tilley, TD TI Synthesis and characterization of {(diene)Rh[mu-OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)]}(2), a precursor to silica-bound rhodium SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR PRECURSOR; METAL-COMPLEXES; TRIALKOXYSILOXY COMPLEXES; PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; DERIVATIVES; CHEMISTRY; CARBONYL; OXIDES; MODELS AB Reaction of [(diene)RhCl](2) with 2 equiv of KOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3) afforded {(diene)Rh[mu-OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)]}(2), where diene=cod (1) and nbd (2). Multinuclear NMR studies reveal that 1 and 2 have a dimeric structure with bridging tris(tert-butoxy) siloxy ligands. These dimers are folded along the O...O axis. Complexes 1 and 2 reacted with PR3 (R=Me, Ph) to give monomeric products, the formulae of which depend on the amount of PR3 added ((diene)Rh[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](PR3) and Rh[OSi(OtBu)(3)](PMe3)(3)). The behavior of 1 towards water and methanol is discussed. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs) of 1 and 2 reveal rather sharp conversions to rhodium-containing materials. Thermolysis of 1 in toluene at 180degreesC resulted in formation of a black precipitate, which contained rhodium nanoparticles with an average diameter of 22 nm, as determined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), after calcination at 300degreesC for 1 h. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilley@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2004 IS 17 BP 2808 EP 2813 DI 10.1039/b407398c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 849CR UT WOS:000223516800031 PM 15514769 ER PT J AU Rao, LF Zhang, ZC Zanonato, PL Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A Clark, SB AF Rao, LF Zhang, ZC Zanonato, PL Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A Clark, SB TI Complexation of thorium(IV) with acetate at variable temperatures SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; URANIUM(VI); NEODYMIUM AB The complexation between Th(IV) and acetate in 1.05 mol kg(-1) NaClO4 was studied at variable temperatures (10, 25, 40, 55 and 70degreesC). The formation constants of five successive complexes, Th(Ac)(j)((4-j)+) where Ac=CH3COO- and j=1-5, and the molar enthalpies of complexation were determined by potentiometry and calorimetry. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) provided additional information on the complexes in solution. The effect of temperature on the stability of the complexes is discussed in terms of the electrostatic model. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Sci Chim, I-35131 Padua, Italy. CNR, Ist Chim Inorgan & Superfici, I-35127 Padua, Italy. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LRao@lbl.gov RI Zhang, Zhicheng/B-3887-2010 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2004 IS 18 BP 2867 EP 2872 DI 10.1039/b407389d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 851IS UT WOS:000223679400008 PM 15349159 ER PT J AU Chiang, MH Antonio, MR Soderholm, L AF Chiang, MH Antonio, MR Soderholm, L TI Energetics of the Preyssler anion's molecular orbitals: quantifying the effect of the encapsulated-cation's charge SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID W-183 NMR; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; WELLS-DAWSON; HETEROPOLYANION (12-); MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; RELATIVE STABILITY; KEGGIN ANIONS; ION-PAIRS; AB-INITIO; DFT AB The ground state electronic properties of metal-exchanged Preyssler heteropolyoxoanions [Mn+P5W30O110](n-15), in which the encapsulated Mn+ ions are the spherical, diamagnetic ions Na+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Y3+, La3+ and Th4+, are studied using a combination of electrochemical, optical, and NMR experiments. We have designed experiments that focus on the influence of the charge (n) of the encapsulated cations, which themselves have no redox response, and its effect upon the W-O framework MOs. As n increases, the cluster anions accept electrons into their LUMOs with increasing ease, and their lowest-energy LMCT bands reveal a corresponding blue shift, which is indicative of an increase of the LUMO-HOMO energy splitting with increasing n. W-183 NMR spectra are used to identify the atomic origin of the LUMO states, which are shown to be composed primarily of orbitals from the ring of 5 W atoms near Mn+. The cation charge correlates directly and linearly with the half-wave potentials of the first redox couples, the LMCT band energies, and the W chemical shifts. We have combined this suite of experimental results to construct an energy level diagram of the frontier MOs for the Preyssler cluster anions. In so doing, we provide a fundamental perspective that is not otherwise available on the cation's role with specific regard to the electronic behavior of the W-O orbitals. These results are expected to provide benchmarking information as theorists begin to study these large POM systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mantonio@anl.gov; ls@anl.gov RI Chiang, Ming-Hsi/E-2044-2015 OI Chiang, Ming-Hsi/0000-0002-7632-9369 NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2004 IS 21 BP 3562 EP 3567 DI 10.1039/b412337a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 865WT UT WOS:000224735600025 PM 15510277 ER PT S AU Newsam, SD Kamath, C AF Newsam, SD Kamath, C BE Dasarathy, BV TI Retrieval using texture features in high resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: THEORY, TOOLS, AND TECHNOLOGY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Image texture; similarity retrieval; high resolution remote sensed imagery AB Texture features have long been used in remote sensing applications to represent and retrieve image regions similar to a query region. Various representations of texture have been proposed based on the Fourier power spectrum, spatial co-occurrence, wavelets, Gabor filters, etc. These representations vary in their computational complexity and their suitability for representing different region types. Much of the work done thus far has focused on panchromatic imagery at low to moderate spatial resolutions, such as images from Landsat 1-7 which have a resolution of 15-30 m/pixel, and from SPOT 1-5 which have a resolution of 2.5-20 m/pixel. However, it is not clear which texture representation works best for the new classes of high resolution panchromatic (60-100 cm/pixel) and multi-spectral (4 bands for red, green, blue, and near infra-red at 2.4-4 m/pixel) imagery. It is also not clear how the different spectral bands should be combined. In this paper, we investigate the retrieval performance of several different texture representations using multi-spectral satellite images from IKONOS. A query-by-example framework, along with a manually chosen ground truth dataset, allows different combinations of texture representations and spectral bands to be compared. We focus on the specific problem of retrieving inhabited regions from images of urban and rural scenes. Preliminary results show that 1) the use of all spectral bands improves the retrieval performance, and 2) co-occurrence, wavelet and Gabor texture features perform comparably. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Newsam, SD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5356-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5433 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.542577 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BAI03 UT WOS:000222348700003 ER PT S AU Otoo, EJ Rotem, D Seshadri, S AF Otoo, EJ Rotem, D Seshadri, S BE Galindo, F Takizawa, M Traunmuller, R TI Efficient algorithms for multi-file caching SO DATABASE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 2004) CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2004 CL Univ Zaragoza, Zaragoza, SPAIN SP FAW, DEXA Assoc, Austrian Comp Soc HO Univ Zaragoza AB Multi-File Caching issues arise in applications where a set of jobs are processed and each job requests one or more input files. A given job can only be started if all its input files are preloaded into a disk cache. Examples of applications where Multi-File caching may be required are scientific data mining, bit-sliced indexes, and analysis of sets of vertically partitioned files. The difference between this type of caching and traditional file caching systems is that in this environment, caching and replacement decisions are made based on "combinations of files (file bundles)," rather than single files. In this work we propose new algorithms for Multi-File caching and analyze their performance. Extensive simulations are presented to establish the effectiveness of the Multi-File caching algorithm in terms of job response time and job queue length. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NYU, Leonard N Stern Sch Business, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Seshadri, Sridhar/D-6034-2012 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22936-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3180 BP 707 EP 719 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV33 UT WOS:000223762500068 ER PT S AU Senecal, J Duchaineau, M Joy, KI AF Senecal, J Duchaineau, M Joy, KI BE Storer, JA Cohn, M TI Length-limited variable-to-variable length codes for high-performance entropy coding SO DCC 2004: DATA COMPRESSION CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Data Compression Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Data Compression Conference (DCC 2004) CY MAR 23-25, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT SP Brandeis Univ, IEEE Comp Soc ID ALGORITHM AB Arithmetic coding achieves a superior coding rate when encoding a binary source, but its lack of speed makes it an inferior choice when true high-performance encoding is needed. We present our work on a practical implementation of fast entropy coders for binary messages utilizing only bit shifts and table lookups. To limit code table size we limit our code lengths with a type of variable-to-variable (VV) length code created from source string merging. We refer to these codes as "merged codes". With merged codes it is possible to achieve a desired level of speed by adjusting the number of bits read from the source at each step. The most efficient merged codes yield a coder with a worst-case inefficiency of 0.4%, relative to the Shannon entropy. Using a hybrid Golomb-VV Bin Coder we are able to achieve a compression ratio that is competitive with other state-of-the-art coders, at a superior throughput. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA USA. EM duchaine@llnl.gov; kijoy@ucdavis.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1068-0314 BN 0-7695-2082-0 J9 IEEE DATA COMPR CONF PY 2004 BP 389 EP 398 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BY95C UT WOS:000189502800040 ER PT S AU Senecal, J Duchaineau, M Joy, KI AF Senecal, J Duchaineau, M Joy, KI BE Storer, JA Cohn, M TI Reversible n-bit to n-bit integer Haar-like transforms SO DCC 2004: DATA COMPRESSION CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE DATA COMPRESSION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Data Compression Conference (DCC 2004) CY MAR 23-25, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT SP Brandeis Univ, IEEE Comp Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Senecal, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, L-419,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1068-0314 BN 0-7695-2082-0 J9 IEEE DATA COMPR CONF PY 2004 BP 564 EP 564 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BY95C UT WOS:000189502800096 ER PT J AU Harutyunyan, VS Specht, P Ho, J Weber, ER AF Harutyunyan, VS Specht, P Ho, J Weber, ER TI Anisotropy of the elastic properties of wurtzite InN epitaxial films SO DEFECTS AND DIFFUSION IN CERAMICS - AN ANNUAL RETROSPECTIVE VI SE DEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM LA English DT Article DE elastic anisotropy; point defects; strain; wurtzite nitrides; X-ray diffraction ID GAN THIN-FILMS; ALN; PARAMETERS; STRAIN; BN; CONSTANTS; NITRIDE; GROWTH; BASAL AB The anisotropy of elastic bulk constants of wurtzite InN is analyzed theoretically on the basis of available data for elastic constants. A considerable anisotropy is evaluated both for Young's modulus and Poisson ratio of highly textured InN epitaxial films deposited on the basal plane. A comparative analysis of elastic properties is conducted for wurtzite InN, GaN and AIN. An approach is suggested for estimating vacancy concentrations on the basis of SIMS and x-ray diffraction measurements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Harutyunyan, VS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM avharut@server.physdep.r.am; specht@socrates.berkeley.edu; jcho@uclink.berkeley.edu; weber@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Ho, Johnny/K-5275-2012 OI Ho, Johnny/0000-0003-3000-8794 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2004 VL 226-228 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBD09 UT WOS:000224960300007 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ Wang, C Wang, L Sun, K AF Jiang, W Weber, WJ Wang, C Wang, L Sun, K TI Experimental studies of defects, implants and their processes in ion-irradiated gallium nitride single crystals SO DEFECTS AND DIFFUSION IN CERAMICS - AN ANNUAL RETROSPECTIVE VI SE DEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM LA English DT Article DE defect microstructures; disorder accumulation and recovery; GaN; ion irradiation ID LATTICE SITE LOCATION; DOPED GAN; DISORDER; GROWTH; DAMAGE; BEAM; RECOVERY; NITROGEN; SILICON; DEVICES AB This article reviews recent experimental results, obtained by the authors, on disorder accumulation, disorder recovery, and behavior of implanted species in ion-irradiated gallium nitride (GaN) single crystals. The disorder on both the Ga and N sublattices has been studied in situ using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and nuclear resonant scattering along the <0001> axis, while the damage states for as-irradiated and post-annealed specimens have been examined using transmission electron microscopy. The disorder accumulation has been investigated as a function of ion fluence, ion mass and irradiation temperature; disorder annealing has been studied under thermal and dynamic conditions. The behavior of gold implants in GaN during irradiation and thermal annealing also will be discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilin.jiang@pnl.gov; bill.weber@pnl.gov; chongmin.wang@pnl.gov; lmwang@umich.edu; kaisun@engin.umich.edu RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 44 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2004 VL 226-228 BP 91 EP 111 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBD09 UT WOS:000224960300008 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Sachenko, P Schneibel, JH AF Zhang, W Sachenko, P Schneibel, JH TI Effect of increase of dihedral angle on thermal grain boundary grooving SO DEFECTS AND DIFFUSION IN METALS - AN ANNUAL RETROSPECTIVE VII SE DEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM LA English DT Article DE AFM; annealing; grain boundary grooving; modelling; simulation; surface diffusion; tungsten ID SURFACE SELF-DIFFUSION; POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINA; 2 PARTICLES; COPPER; COEFFICIENT; ENERGIES; TUNGSTEN; KINETICS AB Thermal grain boundary grooving by surface diffusion is usually modeled and simulated with the assumption of a constant dihedral angle at the groove root throughout evolution. Using this assumption, the laws of growth kinetics are established and compared to the experimental results. In a recent paper, we observe and study grain boundary grooving with decreasing dihedral angle during annealing of tungsten. In the present paper we observe the effect of increasing dihedral angle during annealing. The kinetics of grain boundary grooving with increasing dihedral angle is qualitatively different from that for decreasing or constant dihedral angle. As the dihedral angle increases, the groove root rises and the groove depth decreases. We extend our previous model and simulation with changing dihedral angles from symmetric grooves to asymmetric grooves and compare the simulation to the experimental results. C1 Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. EM wzhang@na-net.ornl.gov; sachenko@earthlink.net; schneibeljh@ornl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2004 VL 233 BP 149 EP 159 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBW35 UT WOS:000228123900012 ER PT S AU Wilburn, DW AF Wilburn, DW BE Mahutova, K Barich, JJ Kreizenbeck, RA TI Environmental technologies research and deployments at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO DEFENSE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: EFFECTIVE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effective Scientific Communication Related to Recent Environmental Protection Challenges and Activities in the Military Sector CY APR 22-26, 2003 CL Bratislava, SLOVAKIA SP NATO C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-2082-1 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2004 VL 39 BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAM69 UT WOS:000222852100021 ER PT S AU Young, K Khounsary, A AF Young, K Khounsary, A BE Snigirev, AA Mancini, DC TI Extrusion of compound refractive x-ray lenses SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics II CY AUG 05-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE focusing; x-ray lens; Compound Refractive Lens; extrusion AB Compound refractive lenses (CRLs) are arrays of lenses designed to focus x-rays. The advantage of a focused x-ray beam is improvement in imaging resolution for applications such as microscopy and tomography. CRLs are desirable due to their simple designs and ease in implementation and alignment. One method of fabricating CRLs is extrusion. Extrusion can be employed to produce, for example, aluminum CRLs for high-energy applications because many aluminum products are produced in this manner. Multiple lenses can be extruded in an array in a single run. This method is relatively cost effective compared to others methods of fabricating CRLs. Two generations of extruded aluminum CRLs have been manufactured to date with lens wall thicknesses of 200 and 100 mum, respectively. The first-generation CRL yielded focusing and established the potential to produce high gain if reduced wall thicknesses could be achieved. Testing of the second generation is reported here. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5477-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5539 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1117/12.563641 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI74 UT WOS:000225665500004 ER PT S AU Evans-Lutterodt, K Ablett, JM Stein, A Tennant, DM Klemens, F Taylor, A AF Evans-Lutterodt, K Ablett, JM Stein, A Tennant, DM Klemens, F Taylor, A BE Snigirev, AA Mancini, DC TI Energy dependent focusing properties of a kinoform Fresnel lens SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics II CY AUG 05-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE ID COMPOUND REFRACTIVE LENSES; X-RAYS AB One application of Kinoform Fresnel Lenses is to generate small focal spots of hard X-ray photons with high gain for micro-diffraction experiments. A Kinoform lens can be obtained from a refractive lens by deleting material such that at the design photon energy, the deleted regions correspond to with modulo 2pi phase-shifts in the phase front. At photon energies different from the design photon energy, the phase jumps are no longer 271, and the diffractive properties of the kinoform. become more significant. We present measurements and calculations of spot size versus photon energy. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Evans-Lutterodt, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5477-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5539 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1117/12.560296 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI74 UT WOS:000225665500008 ER PT S AU Stein, A Ablett, J Evans-Lutterodt, K Taylor, A Klemens, F Kornblit, A Polvino, S AF Stein, A Ablett, J Evans-Lutterodt, K Taylor, A Klemens, F Kornblit, A Polvino, S BE Snigirev, AA Mancini, DC TI Imaging with single-dimension kinoform lenses SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics II CY AUG 05-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE hard x-ray focusing; kinoform lenses ID ZONE PLATES; X-RAYS AB Kinoform lenses avoid the absorption losses from a comparable refractive lens by removing all material causing redundant 2pi phase shifts. Such optics allow high resolution imaging with a theoretical 94% focusing efficiency. While fabrication of kinoform lenses for two-dimensional focusing is difficult, standard lithographic processes can be utilized to fabricate optics in silicon which produce a line focus. By putting two single-dimension kinoform lenses in a crossed-pair arrangement, a two-dimensional spot is achieved. First attempts at imaging with a crossed pair of kinoform lenses are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stein, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5477-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5539 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.560307 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI74 UT WOS:000225665500009 ER PT S AU Ablett, JM Evans-Lutterodt, K Stein, A AF Ablett, JM Evans-Lutterodt, K Stein, A BE Snigirev, AA Mancini, DC TI Hard x-ray Fresnel prisms: Properties and applications SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics II CY AUG 05-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE ID INTERFEROMETER; OPTICS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ablett, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5477-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5539 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.560323 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI74 UT WOS:000225665500010 ER PT S AU Ocola, LE Maser, J Vogt, S Lai, B Divan, R Stephenson, GB AF Ocola, LE Maser, J Vogt, S Lai, B Divan, R Stephenson, GB BE Snigirev, AA Mancini, DC TI Tapered tilted linear zone plates for focusing hard x-rays SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics II CY AUG 05-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE ID OPTICS; RESOLUTION; SOFT AB We introduce a new design of tilted linear zone plates, which are named tapered tilted linear (TTL) zone plates. The purpose of the design is to increase efficiency while at the same time keeping the focal plane perpendicular to the optical path. In order to accomplish this, the zone radius and number of zones must become a function of position along the structure. Simulation work described in this paper shows improved optical performance over regular tilted linear zone plates. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ocola, LE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Ocola, Leonidas/0000-0003-4990-1064 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5477-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5539 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.559772 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI74 UT WOS:000225665500019 ER PT S AU Maser, J Stephenson, GB Vogt, S Yun, W Macrander, A Kang, HC Liu, C Conley, R AF Maser, J Stephenson, GB Vogt, S Yun, W Macrander, A Kang, HC Liu, C Conley, R BE Snigirev, AA Mancini, DC TI Multilayer Laue lenses as high-resolution x-ray optics SO DESIGN AND MICROFABRICATION OF NOVEL X-RAY OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Microfabrication of Novel X-Ray Optics II CY AUG 05-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; high resolution optics; diffractive optics; zone plates; multilayers,volume holograms ID PHASE ZONE PLATES; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; DIFFRACTION; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; ORDERS AB Using Fresnel zone plates, a spatial resolution between 20 nm for soft x-rays and 70 nm for hard x-rays has been achieved. Improvement of the spatial resolution without loss of efficiency is difficult and incremental due to the fabrication challenges posed by the combination of small outermost zone width and high aspect ratios. We describe a novel approach for high-resolution x-ray focusing, a multilayer Laue lens (MLL). The MLL concept is a system of two crossed linear zone plates, manufactured by deposition techniques. The approach involves deposition of a multilayer with a graded period, sectioning it to the appropriate thickness, assembling the sections at the optimum angle, and using it in Laue geometry for focusing. The approach is particularly well suited for high-resolution focusing optics for use at high photon energy. We present a theory of the MLL using dynamic diffraction theory and Fourier optics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maser, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5477-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5539 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.560046 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI74 UT WOS:000225665500021 ER PT S AU Liu, X Liu, JY Li, XF Cheong, SK Shu, DM Wang, J Tate, MW Ercan, A Schuette, DR Renzi, MJ Woll, A Gruner, SM AF Liu, X Liu, JY Li, XF Cheong, SK Shu, DM Wang, J Tate, MW Ercan, A Schuette, DR Renzi, MJ Woll, A Gruner, SM BE Bonse, U TI Development of ultrafast computed tomography of highly transient fuel sprays SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE fuel spray; synchrotron X-ray; tomography ID X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; PIXEL ARRAY DETECTOR; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; DIFFRACTION; RADIOGRAPHY AB The detailed analysis of the fuel sprays has been well recognized as an important step for optimizing the operation of internal-combustion engines to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. However, the structure and dynamics of highly transient fuel sprays have never been visualized or reconstructed in three dimensions (3D) previously due to numerous technical difficulties. By using an ultrafast x-ray detector and intense monochromatic x-ray beams from synchrotron radiation, the fine structures and dynamics of 1-ms direct-injection gasoline fuel sprays were elucidated for the first time by a newly developed, ultrafast computed microtomography technique. Due to the time-resolved nature and the intensive data analysis. the Fourier transform algorithm was used to achieve an efficient reconstruction process. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the current measurement are 5.1 mus and 150 mum, respectively. Many features associated with the transient liquid flows are readily observable in the reconstructed spray. Furthermore, an accurate 3D fuel density distribution was obtained as the result of the computed tomography in a time-resolved manner. These results not only reveal the characteristics of automotive fuel sprays with unprecedented details, but will also facilitate realistic computational fluid dynamic simulations in highly transient, multiphase systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5473-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5535 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.560167 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBI73 UT WOS:000225665000003 ER PT S AU De Carlo, F Tieman, B AF De Carlo, F Tieman, B BE Bonse, U TI High-throughput x-ray microtomography system at the advanced photon source beamline 2-BM SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE ID LYTECHINUS-VARIEGATUS; MICROCT; TOOTH AB X-ray microtomography is rapidly becoming the tool of choice for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of thick structures at the 1-10 mum scale. The fast microtomography system developed at beamline 2-BM of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a new class of instrument offering near video-rate acquisition of tomographic data combined with pipelined processing, reconstruction, and visualization. This system can acquire and reconstruct 720 projections (1024x1024 pixels) at 0.25 deg angular increments in under 5 min using a dedicated 32-node computer cluster. At this throughput, hundreds of specimens can be imaged in a 24 h experiment. Alternatively, time-dependent 3D sample evolution can be studied on practical time scales. In this work, we present the current instrument status and the most recent application. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP De Carlo, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5473-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5535 BP 644 EP 651 DI 10.1117/12.559223 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBI73 UT WOS:000225665000066 ER PT S AU Rau, C Peterson, KM Jemian, PR Terry, T Harris, M Vogt, S Richter, CP Neuhausler, U Schneider, G Robinson, IK AF Rau, C Peterson, KM Jemian, PR Terry, T Harris, M Vogt, S Richter, CP Neuhausler, U Schneider, G Robinson, IK BE Bonse, U TI The evolution of hard x-ray tomography from the micrometer to the nanometer length scale SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography CY AUG 04-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE tomography; hard x-rays; full-field microscopy; Fresnel Zone Plate; Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror ID REFRACTIVE LENSES; MICROSCOPY AB For several Years efforts have been made to improve the resolution for imaging and tomography with hard X-rays. Recently we demonstrated sub-100 nm resolution at 13 keV with a microscope including a Kirkpatrick-Baez multilayer-mirror (KB) as a condenser followed by a micro-Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) as an objective lens. We built since a new tomography station at UNICAT at the Advanced Photon Source integrating the KB-FZP microscope for 100 nm tomography. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rau, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Richter, Claus-Peter/B-4641-2012; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5473-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5535 BP 709 EP 714 DI 10.1117/12.559887 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBI73 UT WOS:000225665000074 ER PT S AU Thoma, SG Abrams, BL Rohwer, LS Sanchez, A Wilcoxon, JP Woessner, SM AF Thoma, SG Abrams, BL Rohwer, LS Sanchez, A Wilcoxon, JP Woessner, SM BE Chihchiao, J Hariz, AJ Jamieson, DN Parish, G Varadan, JK TI Encapsulation of nanoparticles for the manufacture of solid state lighting devices SO DEVICE AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEMS, MICROELECTRONICS, AND PHOTONICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Device and Process Technologies for MEMS, Microelectronics, and Photonics III CY DEC 10-12, 2003 CL Univ Western Australia, Perth, AUSTRALIA SP SPIE, Defence Sci & Technol HO Univ Western Australia DE solid state lighting; white light emission; encapsulation; quantum dots; nanoparticles; dispersion; silicone; epoxy ID CROSS-LINKING; NANOCOMPOSITES; SEPARATION; FILMS AB Solid state lighting devices that utilize semiconducting nanoparticles (quantum dots) as the sole source of visible light emission have recently been fabricated. The quantum dots in these devices have been demonstrated to have quantum efficiencies similar to those of conventional phosphors. The dispersion and concentration of the nanoparticles within a suitable polymeric matrix was found to be critical to device performance. Yet achieving suitable concentrations and adequate dispersion implies chemical compatibility between the nanoparticles and the matrix, which must be achieved without detrimental effect on either the physical/optical properties of the matrix or the stability/surface state of the quantum dots. A number of encapsulation strategies have been identified and are discussed with regard to their effect on nanoparticle dispersion and concentration within silicone and epoxy matrices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thoma, SG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sgthoma@sandia.gov RI Abrams, Billie/C-1668-2012 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5169-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5276 BP 202 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.522924 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BAC62 UT WOS:000221558600026 ER PT S AU Oswald, MT Rohwer, JA Forman, MA AF Oswald, MT Rohwer, JA Forman, MA BE Rao, RM Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Analysis of power management and system latency in wireless sensor networks SO DIGITAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digital Wireless Communications VI CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE STEM; S-MAC; adaptive sleep; DSR; latency; power management AB Successful power management in a wireless sensor network requires optimization of the protocols which affect energy-consumption on each node and the aggregate effects across the larger network. System optimization for a given deployment scenario requires an analysis and trade off of desired node and network features with their associated costs. The sleep protocol for an energy-efficient wireless sensor network for event detection, target classification, and target tracking developed at Sandia National Laboratories is presented. The dynamic source routing (DSR) algorithm is chosen to reduce network maintenance overhead, while providing a self-configuring and self-healing network architecture. A method for determining the optimal sleep time is developed and presented, providing reference data which spans several orders of magnitude. Message timing diagrams show, that a node in a five-node cluster, employing an optimal cyclic single-radio sleep protocol, consumes 3% more energy and incurs a 16-s increase latency than nodes employing the more complex dual-radio STEM protocol. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Oswald, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5363-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5440 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1117/12.541648 PG 11 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAV45 UT WOS:000223765400013 ER PT S AU Kyker, R Berry, N Stark, D Nachtigal, N Kershaw, C AF Kyker, R Berry, N Stark, D Nachtigal, N Kershaw, C BE Rao, RM Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Hybrid emergency radiation detection, a wireless sensor network application for consequence management of a radiological release SO DIGITAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digital Wireless Communications VI CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE wireless; sensor; network; architecture; modular; RTOS; low-power AB The Hybrid Emergency Radiation Detection (HERD) system is a rapidly deployable ad-hoc wireless sensor network for monitoring the radiation hazard associated with a radiation release. The system is designed for low power, small size, low cost, and rapid deployment in order to provide early notification and minimize exposure. The many design tradeoffs, decisions, and challenges in the implementation of this wireless sensor network design will be presented and compared to the commercial systems available. Our research in a scaleable modular architectural highlights the need and implementation of a system level approach that provides flexibility and adaptability for a variety of applications. This approach seeks to minimize power, provide mission specific specialization, and provide the capability to upgrade the system with the most recent technology advancements by encapsulation and modularity. The implementation of a low power, widely available Real Time Operating System (RTOS) for multitasking with an improvement in code maintenance, portability, and reuse will be presented. Finally future design enhancements technology trends affecting wireless sensor networks will be presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kyker, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS-9036, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5363-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5440 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.1117/12.542670 PG 12 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAV45 UT WOS:000223765400027 ER PT J AU Rodland, KD AF Rodland, KD TI Mass spectrometry and biomarker development SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article C1 Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rodland, KD (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Karin.Rodland@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 866ES UT WOS:000224757200001 PM 15502244 ER PT J AU Zangar, RC Varnum, SM Covington, CY Smith, RD AF Zangar, RC Varnum, SM Covington, CY Smith, RD TI A rational approach for discovering and validating cancer markers in very small samples using mass spectrometry and ELISA microarrays SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article DE proteomics; protein microarray; biomarker; mass spectrometry ID NIPPLE ASPIRATE FLUID; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BREAST FLUID; NONLACTATING WOMEN; OVARIAN-CANCER; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; CELLULAR COMPOSITION AB Identifying useful markers of cancer can be problematic due to limited amounts of sample. Some samples such as nipple asp. rate fluid (NAF) or early-stage tumors are inherently small. Other samples such as serum are collected in larger volumes bait archives of these samples are very valuable and only small amounts of each sample may be available for a single study. Also, given the diverse nature of cancer and the inherent variability in individual protein levels, it seems likely that the best approach to screen for cancer will be to determine the profile of a battery of proteins. As a result, a major challenge in identifying protein markers of disease is the ability to screen many proteins using very small amounts of sample. In this review, we outline some technological advances in proteomics that greatly advance this capability. Specifically, we propose a strategy for identifying markers of breast cancer in NAF that utilizes mass spectrometry (MS) to simultaneously screen hundreds or thousands of proteins in each sample. The best potential markers identified by the MS analysis can then be extensively characterized using an ELISA microarray assay. Because the microarray analysis is quantitative and large numbers of samples can be efficiently analyzed, this approach offers the ability to rapidly assess a battery of selected proteins in a manner that is directly relevant to traditional clinical assays. C1 Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Zangar, RC (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM richard.zangar@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR018522] NR 62 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 135 EP 148 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 866ES UT WOS:000224757200003 PM 15502246 ER PT S AU Amin, K von Laszewski, G AF Amin, K von Laszewski, G BE Das, N Sen, A Das, SK Sinha, BP TI High-level grid execution patterns SO DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING - IWDC 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Internationaal Workshop on Distributed Computing (IWDC 2004) CY DEC 27-30, 2004 CL Indian Statist Inst, Kolkata, INDIA SP Dept Sci & Technol, Minist Commun & Informat Technol, All India Council Tech Educ, DRDO, BSNL, Reserve Bank India, Council Sci & Ind Res, Hewlett-Packard, Tata Consultancy Serv, Cognizant Technol Solut, Interra Syst, Interra Informat Technol HO Indian Statist Inst C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Amin, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-24076-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3326 BP 543 EP 543 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBQ76 UT WOS:000227186700068 ER PT S AU Lei, G Song, J Li, X Zhang, XD AF Lei, G Song, J Li, X Zhang, XD BE Guerraoui, R TI Exploiting content localities for efficient search in P2P systems SO DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Distributed Computing CY OCT 04-07, 2004 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS AB Existing P2P search algorithms generally target either the performance objective of improving search quality from a client's perspective, or the objective of reducing search cost from an Internet management perspective. We believe that the essential issue to be considered for designing and optimizing search algorithms in unstructured P2P networks is the trade-off between the two performance objectives. Motivated by our observations, the locality of content serving in the peer community and the localities of search interests of individual peers, we propose CAC-SPIRP, a fast and low cost P2P searching algorithm. Our algorithm consists of two components. The first component aims to reduce the search cost by constructing a CAC (Content Abundant Cluster), where content-abundant peers self-identify, and self-organize themselves into an inter-connected cluster providing a pool of popular objects to be frequently accessed by the peer community. A query will be first routed to the CAC, and most likely to be satisfied there, significantly reducing the amount of network traffic and the search scope. The second component in our algorithm is client oriented and aims to improve the quality of P2P search, called SPIRP (Selectively Prefetching Indices from Responding Peers). A client individually identifies a small group of peers who have the same interests as itself to prefetch their entire file indices of the related interests, minimizing unnecessary outgoing queries and significantly reducing query response time. Building SPIRP on the CAC Internet infrastructure, our algorithm combines both merits of the two components and balances the trade-off between the two performance objectives. Our trace-driven simulations show that CAC-SPIRP significantly improves the overall performance from both client's perspective and Internet management perspective. C1 Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lei, G (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM lguo@cs.wm.edu; sjiang@lanl.gov; lxiao@cse.msu.edu; zhang@cs.wm.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23306-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3274 BP 349 EP 364 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBB47 UT WOS:000224550400025 ER PT S AU Peng, HC He, XF Long, FH AF Peng, HC He, XF Long, FH BE Smith, EHB Hu, J Allan, J TI Automatic content extraction of filled form images based on clustering component block projection vectors SO DOCUMENT REGOGNITION AND RETRIEVAL XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Document Recognition and Retrieval XI CY JAN 21-22, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE document analysis; image classification; form processing; image understanding; clustering ID RECOGNITION AB Automatic understanding of document images is a hard problem. Here we consider a sub-problem, automatically extracting content from filled form images. Without pre-selected templates or sophisticated structural/semantic analysis, we propose a novel approach based on clustering the component-block-projection-vectors. By combining spectral clustering and minimal spanning tree clustering, we generate highly accurate clusters, from which the adaptive templates are constructed to extract the filled-in content. Our experiments show this approach is effective for a set of 1040 US IRS tax form images belonging to 208 types. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Off A110 Life Sci Bldg,120 Green St, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pengchanchuan@yahoo.com; xhe@lbl.gov; long@neuro.duke.edu RI Peng, Hanchuan/A-1798-2011 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5199-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5296 BP 204 EP 212 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY62S UT WOS:000189424500024 ER PT J AU Babich, LP Donskoy, EN Kutsyk, IM Roussel-Dupre, RA AF Babich, LP Donskoy, EN Kutsyk, IM Roussel-Dupre, RA TI Characteristics of a relativistic electron avalanche in air SO DOKLADY PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BREAKDOWN; EQUATION C1 Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhegorodskaya, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Babich, LP (reprint author), Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, VNIIEF, Pr Mira 37, Sarov, Nizhegorodskaya, Russia. EM kay@sar.ru; rroussel-dupre@lanf.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PUBL PI MELVILLE PA C/O AMERICAN INST PHYSICS, 2 HUNTINGTON QUANDRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1028-3358 J9 DOKL PHYS JI Dokl. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1134/1.1648089 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Mechanics; Physics GA 800GT UT WOS:000220017600009 ER PT S AU Walker, IS Sherman, MF AF Walker, IS Sherman, MF BE Wolf, AT TI Sealant longevity for residential ducts SO DURABILITY OF BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Durability of Building and Construction Sealants and Adhesive CY JAN 29-30, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Int DE duct leakage; UL181B; duct tape; flex duct; sealant longevity AB Duct leakage is a major source of energy loss in residential buildings. Most duct leakage occurs at the connections to registers, plenums, or branches in the duct system. At each of these connections, a method of sealing the duct system is required. Typical sealing methods include tapes or mastics applied around the joints in the system. Field examinations of duct systems have shown that taped seats tend to fail over extended periods of time. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has been testing sealant longevity for several years. The accelerated test method developed by LBNL is being used as a basis for an ASTM standard under sub-committee E6.41. LBNL tests found that typical duct tape (i.e., fabric backed tapes with rubber adhesives) fails more rapidly than all other duct sealants. LBNL has also tested advanced tape products being developed by major manufacturers. The results of these tests showed that the major weaknesses of the tapes that fail are the use of natural rubber adhesives and the mechanical properties of the backing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walker, IS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, MS 90-3074, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3480-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1453 BP 213 EP 227 DI 10.1520/STP12565S PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA BBR76 UT WOS:000227471600016 ER PT S AU Braiman, Y Barhen, J Protopopescu, V AF Braiman, Y Barhen, J Protopopescu, V BE Braiman, Y Drake, JM Family, F Klafter, J TI Non-lipshitzian control of friction SO DYNAMICS AND FRICTION IN SUBMICROMETER CONFINING SYSTEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamics and Friction in Submicrometer Confining Systems held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Chem Soc ID STICK-SLIP MOTION; KONTOROVA-TOMLINSON MODEL; THIN-FILM LUBRICATION; SLIDING FRICTION; DRY FRICTION; INTERFACIAL FRICTION; MICROBALANCE; MONOLAYERS; TRIBOLOGY; DYNAMICS AB Recently, we proposed a new algorithm to control frictional dynamics of an array of particles towards pre-assigned values of the average sliding velocity [1]. The algorithm is based on the concepts of terminal attractor and global targeting, which endow the control with robust efficiency. In this paper, we focus on the transient times needed to reach the prescribed behavior and their dependence on the control parameters. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res Comp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Braiman, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res Comp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3829-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2004 VL 882 BP 41 EP 53 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Mechanics GA BBI61 UT WOS:000225628200004 ER PT S AU Noid, DW Sumpter, BG Tuzun, RE AF Noid, DW Sumpter, BG Tuzun, RE BE Braiman, Y Drake, JM Family, F Klafter, J TI Dynamics of nanomechanical devices SO DYNAMICS AND FRICTION IN SUBMICROMETER CONFINING SYSTEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamics and Friction in Submicrometer Confining Systems held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Chem Soc ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; CARBON NANOTUBES; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; NANOTECHNOLOGY; BEARINGS; ROTATION; SOLIDS; MODEL AB Classical and quantum molecular simulation methods have proven an invaluable tool in the development of nano-materials and in feasibility studies of nanotechnology designs. This paper chronicles several classical and quantum simulation studies of model nanobearings and nano-motors composed of concentric carbon nanotubes. While classical simulations show strong effects of internal mode coupling on key aspects of the performance of the motor and bearings, quantum mechanical results and studies of classical chaos indicate that classical simulation may overestimate these effects. Rigid body models or models with a reduced number of internal degrees of freedom have been explored as possible ways to address these issues. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Computat Sci, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. RP Noid, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3829-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2004 VL 882 BP 97 EP 122 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Mechanics GA BBI61 UT WOS:000225628200008 ER PT S AU Salmeron, M Mugele, F Xu, L AF Salmeron, M Mugele, F Xu, L BE Braiman, Y Drake, JM Family, F Klafter, J TI Wetting, confinement, and drainage of liquids SO DYNAMICS AND FRICTION IN SUBMICROMETER CONFINING SYSTEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamics and Friction in Submicrometer Confining Systems held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Chem Soc ID TRANSITIONS; FILMS AB Using proximal probe tools such as the Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) and the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), as well as spectroscopic tools such as Sum Frequency Generation (SFG), we have studied the welling, spreading and drainage of liquids at the nanometer scale. Two examples will be discussed here. The first involves the layering and drainage of long alkyl-chain alcohols octanol and undecanol. The second example involves the drainage of perfluoropolyether lubricants. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Ulm, Abt Angew Phys, Ulm, Germany. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Mugele, Frieder/A-5225-2017 OI Mugele, Frieder/0000-0003-3824-3617 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3829-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2004 VL 882 BP 123 EP 130 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Mechanics GA BBI61 UT WOS:000225628200009 ER PT S AU Hathorn, BC Sumpter, BG Noid, DW AF Hathorn, BC Sumpter, BG Noid, DW BE Braiman, Y Drake, JM Family, F Klafter, J TI Theory of unimolecular reactions in confined volumes SO DYNAMICS AND FRICTION IN SUBMICROMETER CONFINING SYSTEMS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamics and Friction in Submicrometer Confining Systems held at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Chem Soc AB A theory for treatment of reaction kinetics in confined spaces is developed using Transition State Theory as a guide. The technique employs modifying the partition functions for the reactant and transition state based on the geometric restrictions posed by the confining medium. The result of the calculation is a term which corresponds to an effective excluded volume for the reactants and transition state. Models for calculation of the restriction factor are proposed within two limiting cases which correspond to a "spherical" molecule and a "linear" molecule, where it is assumed that the potential can be treated as separable. The two limiting cases axe related to possible reaction mechanisms. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hathorn, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3829-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2004 VL 882 BP 205 EP 215 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Mechanics GA BBI61 UT WOS:000225628200015 ER PT S AU Protopopescu, V Barhen, J Braiman, Y AF Protopopescu, V Barhen, J Braiman, Y BE Fourkas, JT Levitz, P Urbakh, M Wahl, KJ TI Non-Lipschitzian control algorithm for nanoscale friction SO DYNAMICS IN SMALL CONFINING SYSTEMS-2003 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamics in Small Confining Systems VII held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID STICK-SLIP MOTION; SLIDING FRICTION; ORIGIN; FILMS AB We present a robust feedback control algorithm and apply it to the nonlinear oscillator array (Frenkel-Kontorova) model of nanoscale friction. The new control approach is based on the concepts of non-Lipschitzian dynamics and global targeting. We show that average quantities of the controlled system can be driven - exactly or approximately - towards desired targets which become additional, linearly stable attractors for the system's dynamics. Extensive numerical simulations show that the basins of attraction of these targets are reached in very short times and the control exhibits very strong robustness. We investigate the efficiency of the control in terms of various parameters (e.g., system size, non-Lipschitzian exponent). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res Comp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Protopopescu, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res Comp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-728-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 790 BP 275 EP 291 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BAH09 UT WOS:000222179600037 ER PT J AU Lal, D Harris, NBW Sharma, KK Gu, ZY Ding, L Liu, TS Dongal, WQ Caffee, MW Jull, AJT AF Lal, D Harris, NBW Sharma, KK Gu, ZY Ding, L Liu, TS Dongal, WQ Caffee, MW Jull, AJT TI Erosion history of the Tibetan Plateau since the last interglacial: constraints from the first studies of cosmogenic Be-10 from Tibetan bedrock SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Tibetan Plateau; cosmochronology; erosion; tectonics ID SOUTHERN TIBET; KUNLUN BATHOLITH; DENUDATION RATES; LATE PLEISTOCENE; THERMAL HISTORY; GLOBAL CLIMATE; MYR AGO; UPLIFT; AL-26; EXHUMATION AB The cosmogenic Be-10 exposure histories of in situ bedrock surfaces from the Tibetan Plateau indicate low erosion rates of <30 mm/ka in southern and central Tibet during the last interglacial-glacial cycle that contrast strongly with unusually rapid erosion rates (60-2000 mm/ka) for Kunlun in northern Tibet during the Holocene, comparable with published values from the Himalaya. By comparing apatite fission-track ages with cosmogenic data, erosion rates in southern Tibet appear to be decelerating since the Miocene, whereas in the Kunlun, erosion rates have accelerated over the same timescale. Such secular changes suggest that the southern and central regions of the plateau had formed their present flat relief by the Pleistocene. Unusually high erosion rates along the northern margin of the plateau may reflect intense tectonic activity during the Holocene. These findings indicate that over much of the high plateau erosion rates are exceptionally low, and therefore the sources of detritus carried by the great Asian rivers that rise in Tibet lie overwhelmingly in bedrocks at lower altitudes. This study illustrates the potential of cosmogenic studies for unraveling the most recent phase of the erosion/exhumation history of orogenic belts that cannot be resolved by either Ar-isotope or fission-track thermochronometers. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Open Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, NSF Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Lal, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Harris, Nigel/C-3349-2009; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Harris, Nigel/0000-0001-9387-2585; Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 47 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 217 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00600-9 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 759YC UT WOS:000187781600003 ER PT J AU Chu, SP Elliott, S Maltrud, M Hernandez, J Erickson, D AF Chu, Shaoping Elliott, Scott Maltrud, Mathew Hernandez, Jose Erickson, David TI Ecodynamic and Eddy-Admitting Dimethyl Sulfide Simulations in a Global Ocean Biogeochemistry/Circulation Model SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Dimethyl sulfide; Concentration distributions; Biogeochemistry; Sea-air transfer; Ecodynamics; Eddy resolution; OGCM AB The authors describe planetary-scale modeling of mixed-layer dimethyl sulfide (DMS) processing and distributions, conducted at a resolution of 0.288 using the Parallel Ocean Program (POP). Ecodynamic routines embedded within POP track the interactions of bacteria, multiple phytoplankton species, zooplankton, and both dissolved and detrital organics. Biogeochemistry linked to the ecosystem includes full elemental cycling for iron, nitrogen, silicon, carbon, and the portion of the sulfur cycle leading through the formation of intracellular dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP) to dissolved DMS. The two reduced sulfur compounds are emitted from the numerical plant bins at average rates proportional to the taxonomically dependent DMSP content. Within the water column they are subjected to photolysis, interconversion, consumption by the bacterial pool, and loss into the troposphere. Biogeochemical species distributions were calculated synchronously with the POP ocean circulation for the period 1995-2000. The DMS concentration patterns generated agree with available global climatologies in several important aspects. Average values fall consistently between tenths to several nanomolar and remain near the low end of the interval within the oligotrophic gyres, while maxima favor the spring hemisphere. Mesoscale coupling of eddies and geocycles leads to strong variability in the 10-100-km range that is superimposed upon local baselines. Integrated flux into the atmosphere lies toward the low end of the envelope of some recent independent calculations. This is primarily attributable to a slight but persistent under-prediction of concentration. Several clear deficiencies remain in the sulfur cycle mechanism. For example, bacterial uptake and the taxonomic dependence of exudation are closely linked and together may require improved parameterization. C1 [Chu, Shaoping; Elliott, Scott; Maltrud, Mathew] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean Sea Ice Model Project, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hernandez, Jose; Erickson, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Dynam Grp, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Elliott, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean Sea Ice Model Project, Mail Stop D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sme@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ( BER); GreenSea Venture, Inc.; Los Alamos Laboratory-Directed Research & Development ( LDRD) program FX We thank the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science ( BER) Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing ( SciDAC) program, GreenSea Venture, Inc., and the Los Alamos Laboratory-Directed Research & Development ( LDRD) program for support of this work. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2004 VL 8 AR 11 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V04OA UT WOS:000207066500011 ER PT J AU Harrison, KG Norby, RJ Post, WM Chapp, EL AF Harrison, Kevin G. Norby, Richard J. Post, Wilfred M. Chapp, Emily L. TI Soil C Accumulation in a White Oak CO(2)-Enrichment Experiment via Enhanced Root Production SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biogeochemistry; Carbon dioxide fertilization; Soil carbon storage; Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Global warming AB After four growing seasons, soil below white oak trees exposed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels (ambient + 300 ppm) had an average of 14% more soil carbon than soil below trees exposed to ambient levels of carbon dioxide. The soil carbon inventories in five soil cores collected from ambient chambers and six soil cores collected from elevated chambers at the Global Change Field Research Site, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, were measured. The authors conclude that the increase in soil carbon was due to an increase in belowground soil carbon input, because aboveground litter inputs were excluded by experimental design. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated carbon dioxide levels are increasing the amount of carbon stored in soil. C1 [Harrison, Kevin G.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Norby, Richard J.; Post, Wilfred M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chapp, Emily L.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Harrison, KG (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 14 Holmes Hall,350 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM k.Harrison@neu.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Global Change Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship program; U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative; National Science Foundation, Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship program FX We thank Becky Heumann, John Ebel, Michelle Segal, Adria Reimer, and Amy Smith. This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; the U.S. Department of Energy, Global Change Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship program; the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative; and the National Science Foundation, Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship program. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2004 VL 8 AR 14 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V04OA UT WOS:000207066500014 ER PT S AU Henderson, BG Krause, KS AF Henderson, BG Krause, KS BE Barnes, WL Butler, JJ TI Relative radiometric correction of QuickBird imagery using the sideslither technique on-orbit SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems IX CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE relative; radiometric; calibration; QuickBird ID OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS; DESERT AREAS; CALIBRATION AB The QuickBird commercial imaging satellite is a pushbroom system with four multispectral bands covering the visible through near-infrared region of the spectrum and a panchromatic band. 6972 detectors in each MS band and 27888 detectors in the pan band must be calibrated. In an ideal sensor, a uniform radiance target will produce a uniform image. Unfortunately, raw imagery generated from a pushbroom sensor contains vertical streaks caused by variability in detector response, variability in electronic gain and offset, lens falloff, and particulate contamination on the focal plane. Relative radiometric correction is necessary to account for the detector-to-detector non-uniformity seen in raw imagery. A relative gain is calculated for each detector while looking at a uniform target such as an integrating sphere during ground calibrations, diffuser panel, or large desert target on-orbit. A special maneuver developed for QuickBird called the "Side-Slither" technique is discussed. This technique improves the statistics of a desert target and achieves superior non-uniformity correction in imagery. The "Side-Slither" technique is compared to standard techniques for calculation of relative gain and shows a reduction in the streaking seen in imagery. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henderson, BG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B244,ISR-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5480-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5542 BP 426 EP 436 DI 10.1117/12.559910 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ15 UT WOS:000225736400043 ER PT S AU Sokolov, MA Nanstad, RK Miller, MK AF Sokolov, MA Nanstad, RK Miller, MK BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI Fracture toughness and atom probe characterization of a highly embrittled RPV weld SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE fracture toughness; radiation embrittlement; Charpy; T-0; atom probe; precipitates; master curve; J(k); reactor pressure vessel AB The Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) includes a task to investigate the shape of the fracture toughness master curve for reactor pressure vessel steel highly embrittled as a consequence of irradiation exposure. A radiation-sensitive reactor pressure vessel (RPV) weld with intentionally enhanced copper content, designated KS-01, is characterized in terms of static initiation (K-Ic, K-Jc) and Charpy impact toughness in the unirradiated and irradiated conditions. The objective of this project is to investigate the ability of highly embrittled material to maintain the shape of the unirradiated transition fracture toughness curve, as well as to examine the ability of the Charpy 41-J shift to predict the fracture toughness shift at such a high level of embrittlement. Irradiation of this weld was performed at the University of Michigan Ford Reactor. Specimens of KS-01 weld were irradiated to about 0.74 x 10(19) neutron/cm(2) at 288 degrees C. Irradiation resulted in Charpy ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) shift of 169 degrees C. It was anticipated that this shift would result in a fracture toughness transition temperature (at 100 MPa root m) in the irradiated condition near or slightly above the pressurized thermal shock screening criterion for weld metals, T-oPTS = 129 degrees C. The fracture toughness characterization of KS-01 weld in the unirradiated and irradiated conditions was mainly performed by testing 1T C(T), although some 0.5T C(T) and precracked Charpy specimens were used in this study. The master curve analysis showed that this material exhibited shift of reference fracture toughness transition temperature, T-o, of 165 degrees C as result of radiation, which is in remarkable agreement with Charpy DBTT shift. The absolute value of T-o in the irradiated condition was determined to be equal to 139 degrees C. This weld exhibited a low ductile initiation toughness (J(Q)) after irradiation. It left a relatively narrow temperature window to examine the shape of the transition region. Irradiated median fracture toughness values up to 148 MPa root m follow the master curve shape. However, low toughness brittle fractures occurred at temperatures further above T-o (T-o + 61 degrees C) than expected with a leveling of the K-Jc data from the master curve shape. The microstructure of the weld was characterized with the ORNL's energy-compensated optical position-sensitive atom probe. Atom probe tomography revealed a high number density (similar to 3 x 10(24) m(-3)) of Cu-, Mn-, Ni-, Si-, and P-enriched precipitates and a lower number density (similar to 1 x 10(23) m(-3)) of P clusters. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokolov, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 123 EP 137 DI 10.1520/STP11223S PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900010 ER PT S AU Nanstad, RK Tipping, P Kalkhof, RD Sokolov, MA AF Nanstad, RK Tipping, P Kalkhof, RD Sokolov, MA BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI Irradiation and post-annealing reirradiation effects on fracture toughness of RPV steel heat JRQ SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE Charpy impact; fracture toughness; irradiation; precracked Charpy; reactor pressure vessel; reirradiation; tensile strength; thermal annealing AB A plate of A533 grade B class 1 steel designated heat JRQ has been used for many research studies around the world, especially those sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency. In this study, groups of Charpy impact, tensile, and precracked Charpy specimens of the JRQ plate were irradiated by the Paul Scherrer Institute to four different fast neutron fluences [from 0.39 to 5.0 x 10(23) n/m(2) (> 1 MeV)] in a test reactor. Additional specimens were given a post-irradiation thermal annealing treatment at 460 degrees C for 18 h when 50% of the target fluence was reached, followed by reirradiation to the same target fluences for the four groups of irradiated specimens. Additionally, Oak Ridge National Laboratory has thermally annealed some of the reirradiated specimens, as well as some of those in the irradiated only condition. Charpy impact, tensile, fracture toughness, and hardness tests have been performed to evaluate material response in the various conditions and for comparison with the unirradiated material. Except at the highest fluence, the results show that the material given an intermediate annealing treatment exhibited irradiation-induced transition temperature shifts about the same as those that were only irradiated. However, the upper-shelf energies were generally higher and the yield strengths were generally lower for the reirradiated groups. At the highest fluence, the Charpy 41-J temperature shift was significantly lower for the reirradiated group relative to the irradiated group at the same total fluence. The intermediate thermal annealing resulted in less reirradiation embrittlement of fracture toughness than Charpy impact toughness, while annealing after reirradiation resulted in significant increases in Charpy upper-shelf energy above that in the unirradiated condition. Comparisons of Charpy impact and fracture toughness results are mixed relative to transition temperature shifts for irradiated and reirradiated conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nanstad, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.1520/STP11225S PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900012 ER PT S AU Stoller, RE AF Stoller, RE BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI The effect of neutron flux on radiation-induced embrittlement in reactor pressure vessel steels SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE neutron flux; embrittlement; ferritic steels; modeling; point defects; pressure vessels; radiation damage ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; IRON; CASCADES; COPPER AB The effect of neutron flux level is a longstanding concern for determining the applicability of test reactor data or high lead-factor surveillance data to the prediction of embrittlement in commercial reactor pressure vessels (RPV). However, as operating reactors reach higher fluences, the question of flux effects is becoming increasingly relevant for situations such as embrittlement attenuation through the (RPV) and the comparison of boiling and pressurized reactor RPVs. In spite of its technological importance and extensive experimental and theoretical investigation, the issue of neutron flux effects on radiation-induced embrittlement in RPV steels remains unresolved. For neutron fluxes much greater than RPV operating conditions (> 100 times higher), a regime exists in which the effects of flux are well defined experimentally and are well predicted by current models. These same models predict that the effect of flux should be relatively weak for values near those obtained in commercial RPVs, but may increase at lower fluxes. However, it is difficult to obtain sufficient data at low to intermediate fluxes to unambiguously determine the effects of flux since the time required to reach the desired fluences is necessarily long. In order to demonstrate the potential effects of flux on RPV embrittlement, and to help interpret the available experiments, a kinetic embrittlement model has been used in an analysis of the primary variables involved. The results of the analysis are consistent with a modest effect of flux on embrittlement for fluxes near those typical of commercial RPVs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.1520/STP11237S PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900024 ER PT S AU Klueh, RL Hashimoto, N Sokolov, M AF Klueh, RL Hashimoto, N Sokolov, M BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI Effect of heat treatment and tantalum on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-9Cr-2W0.25V steel SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE ferritic/martensitic steels; tensile properties; impact properties; prior-austenite grain size; heat treatment ID ACTIVATION FERRITIC STEELS; CHARPY IMPACT PROPERTIES; MARTENSITIC STEELS; BEHAVIOR; IRRADIATION; TENSILE AB An Fe-9Cr-2W-0.25V-0.07Ta-0.1C (9Cr-2WVTa) steel has a smaller prior-austenite grain size than this same composition without tantalum (9Cr-2W) when the steels are given a similar heat treatment. Except for prior-austenite grain size, the microstructures of the steels are similar before irradiation, and they develop similar changes in microstructure during irradiation. Nevertheless, the 9Cr-2WVTa shows less effect of irradiation on the Charpy behavior. To determine the effect of grain size on the Charpy properties of the 9Cr-2VrV and 9Cr-2WVTa, specimens of the two steels were given various normalization heat treatments to produce different prior austenite grain sizes, and the tensile and impact properties were determined. For the smaller prior-austenite grain sizes, the 9Cr-2VrV steel had impact properties similar to or better than those of the 9Cr-2WVTa steel. Differences in the microstructures of the steels were used to explain the observations and what they mean for developing steels with improved properties. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klueh, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 376 EP 390 DI 10.1520/STP11241S PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900028 ER PT S AU Sokolov, MA Klueh, RL Odette, GR Shiba, K Tanigawa, H AF Sokolov, MA Klueh, RL Odette, GR Shiba, K Tanigawa, H BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI Fracture toughness characterization of irradiated F82H in the transition region SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE F82H; master curve; T-0; Charpy; tensile; embrittlement AB The ferritic-martensitic steel F82H is a primary candidate low-activation material for fusion applications, and it is being investigated in the joint U.S. Department of Energy-Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (U.S. DOE-JAERI) collaboration program. As part of this program, two capsules containing a variety of specimen designs were irradiated at two different temperatures in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). The bottom and top parts of these capsules were loaded with disk-shaped compact tension [DC(T)] specimens that were used for fracture toughness characterization. This small (12.5-mm-diam and of 4.6-mm-thick) DC(T) specimen was developed at ORNL for testing irradiated materials. Six specimens were irradiated in each "low-"and "high-" irradiation temperature capsule up to similar to 3.8 dpa. Irradiation temperatures were measured by thermocouples. In the low-temperature capsule, three specimens were irradiated at an average temperature of 261 degrees C and another three at 240 degrees C; temperature variation during irradiation was within +/- 19 degrees C for a given specimen. In the high-temperature capsule, all six specimens were irradiated at an average temperature of 377 degrees C in the bottom part of the capsule; temperature variation during irradiation was within +/- 30 degrees C for a given specimen. All irradiated specimens failed by cleavage instability. From these data, fracture toughness transition temperatures were evaluated for irradiated F82H steel and compared to uniffadiated values. Specimens irradiated at the higher temperature exhibited a relatively modest shift of the fracture toughness transition temperature of similar to 57 degrees C. However, the shift of fracture toughness transition temperature of specimens irradiated at 250 degrees C was much larger, similar to 191 degrees C. These results are compared with available tensile and impact Charpy data for this material. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokolov, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 408 EP 416 DI 10.1520/STP11244S PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900031 ER PT S AU Surh, MP Sturgeon, JB Wolfer, WG AF Surh, MP Sturgeon, JB Wolfer, WG BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI Incubation period for void swelling and its dependence on temperature, dose rate, and dislocation structure evolution SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE voids; swelling; stainless steels; dislocations; radiation damage ID IRRADIATED METALS; NUCLEATION AB Void swelling in structural materials used for nuclear reactors is characterized by an incubation period whose duration largely determines the utility of the material for core components. Significant evolution of the dislocation and void microstructures that control radiation-induced swelling can occur during this period. Thus, a theory of incubation must treat time-dependent void nucleation in combination with dislocation evolution, in which the sink strengths of voids and dislocations change in concert. We present theoretical results for void nucleation and growth, including the time-dependent, self-consistent coupling of point defect concentrations to the evolution of both void population and dislocation density. Simulations show that the incubation radiation dose is a strong function of the starting dislocation density and of the dislocation bias factors for vacancy and interstitial absorption. Irradiation dose rate and temperature also affect the duration of incubation. These features are in general agreement with experiments for high purity metals. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Surh, MP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1520/STP11245S PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900032 ER PT S AU Schaldach, CM Wolfer, WG AF Schaldach, CM Wolfer, WG BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI Kinetics of helium bubble formation in nuclear and structural materials SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 21ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE American Society for Testing and Materials Selected Technical Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE helium; bubbles; void swelling ID MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; HFIR; MECHANISMS; SOLIDS; METALS; NICKEL; RATIO; GAS AB Neutron activation of most materials results in some generation of both helium and/or hydrogen. Other cases of helium generation are encountered in materials containing tritium, and in materials which are radioactive and undergo alpha-decay. Finally, materials in accelerators, spallation neutron sources, and nuclear fusion devices are subjected to energetic beams of protons or helium ions. In all these cases, helium may be retained within the materials employed, and helium bubbles form and grow. With the exception of tritium decay, radiation damage usually accompanies the helium formation. The rates of helium formation and radiation damage are traditionally stated in terms of the ratio of appm He to dpa (displacement per atom). When this ratio approaches or exceeds about 10 appm He/dpa, a profuse population of helium clusters and bubbles appears in the material when the temperature is high enough for helium migration to occur, with or without a concomitant formation of voids. We present here kinetic models to describe the formation and growth of helium bubbles. We find that under constant helium generation rates, the nucleation occurs very rapidly over a very short period of time during which the helium concentration in solution peaks sharply. After this initial nucleation burst, the helium concentration in solution remains low as bubbles already present quickly capture newly generated helium. The evolution of the bubble density and average radius is shown to approximately follow a universal curve when a dimensionless time and dimensionless density are introduced. The scaling relationships involved in mapping experimental bubble densities onto the universal curve provide the means to extract a helium diffusion coefficient. In nickel-containing alloys, the helium generation rate builds up gradually, delaying the formation of helium bubbles to higher doses. Depending on the helium to dpa ratio, void swelling can intervene in bubble formation and even suppress it. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 479 EP 491 DI 10.1520/STP11250S PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900037 ER PT S AU Li, MM Stubbins, JF AF Li, MM Stubbins, JF BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI Fatigue response and life prediction of selected reactor materials SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE radiation exposure; fatigue response; tensile properties; fatigue life prediction; Universal Slopes; austenitic stainless steel; ferritic/martensitic steel ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; TENSILE; BEHAVIOR; PROTON AB This paper analyzes experimental fatigue response for selected unirradiated and irradiated reactor materials: AISI 316 stainless steel, ferritic/martensitic MANET and HT9 steels. Available tensile test results on the same or similar materials are used to predict changes in fatigue response using the Universal Slopes method. The predictions are compared with the experimental data to assess the potential for using tensile data to predict reactor component fatigue response. It was found that the effect of irradiation on fatigue life was less severe than on tensile properties. However, tensile properties are useful for qualitative predictions of fatigue response. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, MM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6138, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 502 EP 515 DI 10.1520/STP11252S PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900039 ER PT S AU Greenwood, LR Garner, FA Oliver, BM Grossbeck, ML Wolfer, WG AF Greenwood, LR Garner, FA Oliver, BM Grossbeck, ML Wolfer, WG BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI Surprisingly large generation and retention of helium and hydrogen in pure nickel irradiated at high temperatures and high neutron exposures SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE nickel; hydrogen; helium AB Hydrogen and helium measurements; in pure nickel irradiated to 100 dpa in HFIR at temperatures between 300 and 600 degrees C show higher gas concentrations than predicted from fast-neutron reactions and the two-step Ni-58(n,gamma)Ni-59 (n,p and n,alpha) reactions. This additional gas production suggests previously unidentified nuclear sources of helium and possibly hydrogen that assert themselves at very high neutron exposure. The elevated hydrogen measurements are especially surprising since it is generally accepted that hydrogen is very mobile in nickel at elevated temperatures and therefore is easily lost, never reaching large concentrations. However, it appears that relatively large hydrogen concentrations can be reached and retained for many years after irradiation at reactor-relevant temperatures. These new effects may have a significant impact on the performance of nickel-bearing alloys at high neutron fluences in both fission and fusion reactor irradiations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greenwood, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 529 EP 539 DI 10.1520/STP11254S PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900041 ER PT S AU Snead, LL Williams, AM Qualls, AL AF Snead, LL Williams, AM Qualls, AL BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI Revisiting the use of SiC as a post irradiation temperature monitor SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 21ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE silicon carbide; temperature monitor; irradiation; electrical resistivity; electrical conductivity ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; ANNEALING BEHAVIOR; AMORPHIZATION; CALIBRATION; REACTOR AB Silicon carbide has been used as a post-irradiation temperature monitor since first proposed for this use in 1961. The basic technique has been the repeated measurement of the length of a Sic monitor following isochronal annealing. This technique has been shown to overestimate irradiation temperature by similar to 100 degrees C. This paper discusses the use of alternate techniques, including electrical resistivity, to infer irradiation temperature. It is shown that electrical resistivity predicts irradiation temperature within similar to 20 degrees C of actual irradiation temperature. Additionally, this technique can be used in the low-temperature (< 150 degrees C) amorphization regime, and in irradiation temperatures where irradiation damage is characterized by simple defects in crystalline sic (< 900 degrees C). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Snead, LL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1520/STP11262S PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900049 ER PT S AU Wang, JA Rao, NSV AF Wang, JA Rao, NSV BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI New methodologies for developing radiation embrittlement models and trend curves of the Charpy impact test data SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE radiation embrittlement; reactor vessel integrity; information fusion; power reactor; boiling water reactor; material modeling; Charpy curve fitting ID SENSOR AB A new methodology is developed for the prediction of RPV embrittlement that utilizes a combination of domain models and nonlinear estimators including neural networks and nearest neighbor regressions. The Power Reactor Embrittlement Database is used in this study. The results from newly developed nearest neighbor projective fuser indicate that the combined embrittlement predictor achieved about 67.3% and 52.4% reductions in the uncertainties for General Electric Boiling Water Reactor plate and weld data compared to Regulatory Guide 1.99, Revision 2, respectively. The implications of irradiation temperature effects to the development of radiation embrittlement models are then discussed. A new methodology that incorporates the chemical compositions into the Charpy trend curve is also developed. The purpose of this new fitting procedure is to generate a new multi-space topography that can properly reflect the inhomogeneity of the surveillance materials and utilize this multi-space trend surface to link and project the surveillance test results to that of reactor pressure vessel steels. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941; Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 634 EP 652 DI 10.1520/STP11263S PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900050 ER PT S AU Jue, JF Frank, SM O'Holleran, TP Sinkler, W Barber, TL Johnson, SG Goff, KM AF Jue, JF Frank, SM O'Holleran, TP Sinkler, W Barber, TL Johnson, SG Goff, KM BE Grossbeck, ML Allen, TR Lott, RG Kumar, AS TI Effects of Pu decay on a sodalite based ceramic waste form SO Effects of Radiation on Materials: 21st International Symposium SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 18-20, 2002 CL Tucson, AZ SP ASTM Int Comm E10 DE sodalite; ceramic; glass; waste; radiation effect; and alpha decay ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; ION IRRADIATION; ELECTRON; AMORPHIZATION; ZEOLITES; DEFECTS; GLASSES AB Radiation damage from the decay of actinide containing phases in ceramic waste forms can reduce their mechanical integrity and chemical durability. In order to understand the radiation damage and predict long-term degradation behavior of the ceramic waste forms in a repository, a short-lived actinide can be loaded into the ceramic waste form to accelerate the damage process. In the current study, a Pu-238 (half-life of 87.7 years) doped ceramic waste form was fabricated by uniaxial hot pressing. The starting materials are 75 volume percent salt occluded zeolite and 25 volume percent binding glass. After consolidation, the final product has sodalite and glass as the major constituents, while halite, nepheline and actinide containing phases are minor phases. After three years, density measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and seven-day product consistency tests all reveal little or no change. Bubbles/voids have been found by transmission electron microscopy. No defect-segregation was observed. Although X-ray diffraction shows a very small unit cell expansion in PuO2 and sodalite, micro-cracking and interface debonding were not observed. Preliminary results show that the electron beam dose required to amorphize sodalite decreases with increasing alpha decay dose. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Jue, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, W POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RI Frank, Steven/B-9046-2017 OI Frank, Steven/0000-0001-8259-6722 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3477-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2004 VL 1447 BP 680 EP 690 DI 10.1520/STP11266S PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BDC05 UT WOS:000232520900053 ER PT B AU Wickstrom, GL Davis, J Morrison, SE Roach, S Winter, VL AF Wickstrom, GL Davis, J Morrison, SE Roach, S Winter, VL GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI The SSP: An example of high-assurance systems engineering SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering CY MAR 25-26, 2004 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCDP, Univ S Florida, Natl Inst Syst Test & Product ID CODE AB The SSP is a high assurance systems engineering effort spanning both hardware and software. Extensive design review, first principle design, n-version programming, program transformation, verification, and consistency checking are the techniques used to provide assurance in the correctness of the resulting system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Surety Elect & Software, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wickstrom, GL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Surety Elect & Software, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM glwicks@sandia.gov; jared@cs.utexas.edu; semorri@sandia.gov; sroach@cs.utep.edu; vwinter@mail.unomaha.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2094-4 PY 2004 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1109/HASE.2004.1281741 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96K UT WOS:000189505900017 ER PT B AU Sheldon, F Potok, T Loebl, A Krings, A Oman, P AF Sheldon, F Potok, T Loebl, A Krings, A Oman, P GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Managing secure survivable critical infrastructures to avoid vulnerabilities SO EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering CY MAR 25-26, 2004 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCDP, Univ S Florida, Natl Inst Syst Test & Product AB Information systems now form the backbone of nearly every government and private system - from targeting weapons to conducting financial transactions. Increasingly these systems are networked together allowing for distributed operations, sharing of databases, and redundant capability. Ensuring these networks are secure, robust, and reliable is critical for the strategic and economic well being of the Nation. The blackout of August 14, 2003 affected 8 states and fifty million people and could cost up to $5 billion(2). The DOE/NERC interim reports(3) indicate the outage progressed as a chain of relatively minor events consistent with previous cascading outages caused by a domino reaction(4). The increasing use of embedded distributed systems to manage and control our technologically complex society makes knowing the vulnerability of such systems essential to improving their intrinsic reliability/survivability. Our discussion employs the power transmission grid. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Software Engn Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sheldon, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Software Engn Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435; Sheldon, Frederick/0000-0003-1241-2750 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2094-4 PY 2004 BP 293 EP 296 DI 10.1109/HASE.2004.1281767 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY96K UT WOS:000189505900040 ER PT J AU Kariuki, NN Luo, J Han, L Maye, MM Moussa, L Patterson, M Lin, YH Engelhard, MH Zhong, CJ AF Kariuki, NN Luo, J Han, L Maye, MM Moussa, L Patterson, M Lin, YH Engelhard, MH Zhong, CJ TI Nanoparticle-structured ligand framework as electrode interfaces SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE nanostructured thin film assemblies; pH-tunability; copper; dopamine ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CLUSTER MOLECULES; THIN-FILMS; MONOLAYERS; SURFACES; DYNAMICS; NETWORK; DESIGN; ACIDS; AU AB Nanostructured thin film assemblies derived from metal or oxide nanocrystal cores and functionalized molecular shells provide large surface-to-volume ratio and three-dimensional ligand frameworks. In this article, we report results of an investigation of the nanostructured materials for electroanalysis. Monolayer-capped gold nanoparticles of 2-nm core diameter and carboxylic acid-functionalized alkyl thiols were assembled on electrode surfaces via an exchange-crosslinking-precipitation reaction route, and were studied as a model system. The network assemblies exhibit open frameworks in which the void space forms channels with the nanometer sized cores defining its size and the shell structures defining its chemical specificity. Such nanostructures were exploited to demonstrate the viability of responsive materials for interfacial incorporation and fluxes of ionic species. The nanomaterials were characterized by an array of techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical quartz-crystal nanobalance, flow injection analysis, and surface infrared reflection spectroscopy. The current responses and mass loading as a result of the incorporation of ionic species into the nanostructure have been analyzed. The potential application of the nanostructured thin films for electrochemical detection in microfluidic systems is also discussed. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhong, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM cjzhong@binghamton.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Zhong, Chuan-Jian/D-3394-2013; OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD JAN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1002/elan.200302928 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 771ZJ UT WOS:000188815700015 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Lu, F Wang, J AF Lin, YH Lu, F Wang, J TI Disposable carbon nanotube modified screen-printed biosensor for amperometric detection of organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE disposable carbon nanotube modified screen-printed biosensor; amperometric detection; organophosphorous pesticides; nerve agents; acetylcholinesterase/choline oxidase ID PARAOXON DETECTION; ELECTRODES; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AB A disposable carbon nanotube-based biosensor was successfully developed and applied to the detection of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides and nerve agents. The biosensors using acetycholinesterase (AChE)/choline oxidase (CHO) enzymes provided a high sensitivity, large linear range, and low detection limits for the analysis of OP compounds. Such characteristics may be attributed to the catalytic activity of carbon nanotube to promote the redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide produced during AChE/CHO enzymatic reactions with their substrate, as well as the large surface area of carbon nanotube materials. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yuehe.Lin@pnl.gov RI Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 22 TC 174 Z9 179 U1 1 U2 42 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD JAN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1002/elan.200302933 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 771ZJ UT WOS:000188815700019 ER PT S AU Feldberg, SW Newton, MD Smalley, JF AF Feldberg, Stephen W. Newton, Marshall D. Smalley, John F. BE Bard, AJ Rubinstein, I TI THE INDIRECT LASER-INDUCED TEMPERATURE-JUMP METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING FAST INTERFACIAL ELECTRON TRANSFER: CONCEPT, APPLICATION, AND RESULTS SO ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCES, VOL 22 SE Electroanalytical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TERMINATED ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELECTRODE; DENSITY-OF-STATES; TRANSFER KINETICS; DOUBLE-LAYER; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; RATE CONSTANTS; REDOX CENTERS; FREE-ENERGY; NONEQUILIBRIUM POLARIZATION C1 [Feldberg, Stephen W.; Newton, Marshall D.; Smalley, John F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Feldberg, SW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 121 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0070-9778 BN 978-0-203-91315-4; 978-0-8247-4719-0 J9 ELECTROANAL CHEM JI Electroanal. Chem. PY 2004 VL 22 BP 100 EP 179 PG 80 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BAS53 UT WOS:000305390700002 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Richardson, TJ AF Chen, GY Richardson, TJ TI Overcharge protection for rechargeable lithium batteries using electroactive polymers SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REDOX SHUTTLE ADDITIVES AB A conducting polymer shunt capable of providing overcharge protection for rechargeable lithium batteries via a reversible, internal, self-actuating mechanism is described. A microporous separator was impregnated with poly(3-butylthiophene), an electrochemically active polymer that becomes electronically conducting when oxidized. The morphology of the resulting composite membrane and its electrochemistry in a lithium battery electrolyte were examined. The composite membrane was introduced into a TiS2-Li cell as an overcharge protection separator. While the discharge capacity of an unprotected cell was rapidly degraded when it was charged above 4 V, the protected cell was undamaged by overcharging by as much as ten times the normal capacity. The excess charge current was carried by the polymer, which limited the charging potential to about 3.2 V. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tjrichardson@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 2 BP A23 EP A26 DI 10.1149/1.1633162 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 763JB UT WOS:000188080600001 ER PT J AU Kosacki, I Rouleau, CM Becher, PF Bentley, J Lowndes, DH AF Kosacki, I Rouleau, CM Becher, PF Bentley, J Lowndes, DH TI Surface interface-related conductivity in nanometer thick YSZ films SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT AB Results of the electrical conductivity study of highly textured, ultrathin (15 nm) cubic yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films are presented for the first time. A nanoscale effect that results in exceptionally high ionic conductivity at moderate temperatures is detected in films less than 60 nm thick. The conductivity increases continuously below this level and reaches 0.6 S/cm at 800 degrees C for a 15 nm thick film, which represents the highest reported value for the YSZ system. The observed behavior is attributed to an increasingly significant contribution of the surface/interface conductivity with decreasing film thickness. These observations can have important implications for the development of nanostructured electrochemical devices with enhanced performance. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kosacki, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kosackiip@ornl.gov RI Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015 OI Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537 NR 20 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 12 BP A459 EP A461 DI 10.1149/1.1809556 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918KM UT WOS:000228540700002 ER PT J AU Kostecki, R McLarnon, F AF Kostecki, R McLarnon, F TI Local-probe studies of degradation of composite LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes in high-power lithium-ion cells SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN MICROSCOPY; IN-SITU; BATTERIES; ELECTRODES; GRAPHITE AB High-power Li-ion cells tested at elevated temperatures showed a significant impedance rise, which was associated primarily with the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode. Raman microscopy mapping provided evidence that the surface composition ratio between LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 and carbon in the composite cathode increases upon cell aging and cycling. Current-sensing atomic force microscopy imaging of single grains of pristine LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 powder revealed poor residual electronic contact between submicrometer primary particles within LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 agglomerates. Carbon retreat or rearrangement that occurs during cell testing allows residual interparticle resistance to dominate cathode interfacial charge-transfer impedance and accounts for the observed cell power and capacity loss. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kostecki, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM r_kostecki@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 117 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 10 BP A380 EP A383 DI 10.1149/1.1793771 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918JZ UT WOS:000228539400023 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Tracy, CE Pitts, JR AF Lee, SH Tracy, CE Pitts, JR TI Effect of nonstoichiometry of nickel oxides on their supercapacitor behavior SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; NIO AB How electrochemical capacitance is affected by the non-stoichiometric properties of nickel oxide (NiOx) films is reported. Nonstoichiometric NiOx thin-film electrodes were prepared for use in a supercapacitor by reactive radio-frequency (rf) sputtering of a nickel metal target. The oxygen partial pressure in the sputtering gas was systematically varied to fabricate various nonstoichiometric NiOx films. As the oxygen partial pressure increased in the sputtering gas, hole concentration increased from 4.7 x 10(16) to 1.0 x 10(18) cm(-3) while the specific capacitance of the NiOx films decreased from 148 to 80 F/g. A mechanism to explain the relationship between the specific capacitance and nonstoichiometry is proposed. The specific capacitance values of these NiOx films are determined by the number of Ni2+ states that can be oxidized to Ni3+ as a result of the double injection of OH- ions and holes. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM slee@nrel.gov RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011 NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 10 BP A299 EP A301 DI 10.1149/1.1786233 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918JZ UT WOS:000228539400001 ER PT J AU Liu, P Lee, SH Yan, YF Gennett, T Landi, BJ Dillon, AC Heben, MJ AF Liu, P Lee, SH Yan, YF Gennett, T Landi, BJ Dillon, AC Heben, MJ TI Electrochemical transformation of SWNT/Nafion composites SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MODIFIED GLASSY-CARBON; HYDROGEN STORAGE; SUPERCAPACITORS; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODES; IMPEDANCE; LAYERS AB The electrochemical performance of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)/Nafion composite electrodes were studied in sulfuric acid solutions. Electrochemical oxidation of the highly dispersed SWNTs within the Nafion matrix results in a dramatic morphological change in the SWNTs. As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy, small bundles of straight-line SWNTs change into curved bundles with relatively sharp contours. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates increased electrochemical impedance in the oxidized SWNT/Nafion composites. Reduction of the composites at low potentials reverses impedance to near original values. However, the morphological change of the SWNTs is irreversible. In addition, the electrochemical capacitance of the composite electrode increases significantly after the oxidation-reduction cycle. Our results demonstrate that electrochemical oxidation and reduction treatment of the composite is also potentially useful for modifying the SWNT sidewalls, which results in an enhancement of the electrochemical capacitance of SWNTs. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Liu, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM slee@nrel.gov RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 11 BP A421 EP A424 DI 10.1149/1.1803071 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918KE UT WOS:000228539900011 ER PT J AU Meng, YS Ceder, G Grey, CP Yoon, WS Shao-Horn, Y AF Meng, YS Ceder, G Grey, CP Yoon, WS Shao-Horn, Y TI Understanding the crystal structure of layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 by electron diffraction and powder diffraction simulation SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; INSERTION MATERIAL; LINI1/2MN1/2O2; LIXCOO2; CHARGE AB A combination of experimental techniques that probe different relevant length scales is necessary to truly understand the structure of complex solids. In LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 electron diffraction reveals the presence of long-range ordering, previously undetected with X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction. We propose a superstructure for this material with space group P3(1)12, and a root3alpha(hex.) root3alpha(hex.) ordering in the transition metal layers. Surprisingly, these ordered layers are stacked in abcabc sequence along the c axis, indicating the presence of long-range interactions between different transition-metal layers. Electron diffraction evidence indicates that Li, Ni, and Mn ions are not distributed randomly in the transition-metal layers, but order and form two sublattices with significantly different occupation. We further demonstrate that this ordering would be extremely difficult to detect experimentally, if not impossible, with powder diffraction by X-rays and neutrons. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Singapore MIT Alliance, Singapore 117576, Singapore. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Meng, YS (reprint author), Singapore MIT Alliance, Singapore 117576, Singapore. EM shaohorn@mit.edu RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Meng, Shirley /I-1276-2013 NR 16 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 43 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 6 BP A155 EP A158 DI 10.1149/1.1718211 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 827GK UT WOS:000221887500010 ER PT J AU Mukundan, R Brosha, EL Garzon, FH AF Mukundan, R Brosha, EL Garzon, FH TI Sulfur tolerant anodes for SOFCs SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS AB Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes, lanthanum strontium manganate cathodes, and La1-xSrxBO3/YSZ anodes (where B = Mn, Cr, and Ti) were fabricated. The sulfur tolerance of the various perovskite-based anodes was examined at 1273 K in a H-2/H2O fuel. The Sr0.6La0.4TiO3/YSZ (50/50 wt %) anode showed no degradation in the presence of up to 5000 ppm of H2S in a hydrogen fuel. This anode was also able to operate for 8 h with 1% H2S as a fuel and showed no degradation when the fuel was switched back to hydrogen. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mukundan, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 146 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP A5 EP A7 DI 10.1149/1.1627452 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 749DA UT WOS:000186902300002 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Ingersoll, D Vogel, SC Williams, DJ AF Rodriguez, MA Ingersoll, D Vogel, SC Williams, DJ TI Simultaneous in situ neutron diffraction studies of the anode and cathode in a lithium-ion cell SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODE MATERIALS; BATTERIES AB In situ neutron diffraction analysis was employed to study the behavior of the cathode and anode materials in a commercial Li-ion cell (Saehan Enertech, Inc) using the exact configuration of the commercial product. Accurate lattice parameters were refined for the LiCoO2 type cathode based on measurements collected as a function of the state of charge. Simultaneous structural characterization was possible on the graphitic anode as well. The simultaneous direct correlation of structural information for both the anode and cathode with the electrochemical data provided a highly detailed picture of the behavior of the active cell materials that ultimately underlie the cell performance. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP A8 EP A10 DI 10.1149/1.1628664 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 749DA UT WOS:000186902300003 ER PT J AU Stefan, IC Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC AF Stefan, IC Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC TI Single chamber fuel cells: Flow geometry, rate, and composition considerations SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AIR; ELECTROLYTE; MIXTURES; YSZ AB Four different single chamber fuel cell designs were compared using propane-air gas mixtures. Gas flow around the electrodes has a significant influence on the open-circuit voltage and the power density of the cell. The strong influence of flow geometry is likely due to its effect on gas composition, particularly on the oxygen chemical potential at the two electrodes as a result of gas mixing. The chamber design which exposes the cathode first to the inlet gas yielded the best performance at lower flow rates, while the open tube design with the electrodes equally exposed to the inlet gas worked best at higher flow rates. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stefan, IC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CIStefan@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 7 BP A198 EP A200 DI 10.1149/1.1739311 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 827GL UT WOS:000221887600010 ER PT J AU Uribe, FA Valerio, JA Garzon, FH Zawodzinski, TA AF Uribe, FA Valerio, JA Garzon, FH Zawodzinski, TA TI PEMFC reconfigured anodes for enhancing CO tolerance with air bleed SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROOXIDATION; ELECTRODE AB A simple anode modification for improving CO tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is described. The modification, called reconfigured anode, consists of placing a composite film containing inexpensive materials onto the gas diffusion layer. These materials are able to catalyze the oxidation of CO with O-2 to CO2 at 80 degrees C. The source of oxygen is a small amount of air injected along with hydrogen into the anode. Various transition metal oxides (e. g., CuO and Fe2O3), used in this novel anode design, are able to catalyze this reaction and thus to improve fuel cell tolerance to CO. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Uribe, FA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM uribe@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 10 BP A376 EP A379 DI 10.1149/1.1795633 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918JZ UT WOS:000228539400022 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Grey, CP Balasubramanian, M Yang, XQ Fischer, DA McBreen, J AF Yoon, WS Grey, CP Balasubramanian, M Yang, XQ Fischer, DA McBreen, J TI Combined NMR and XAS study on local environments and electronic structures of electrochemically Li-ion deintercalated Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 electrode system SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CATHODE MATERIALS; LINI0.5MN0.5O2 CATHODE; BATTERIES; SPECTROSCOPY; MANGANESE; LICOO2; CHARGE; EDGE AB Combined Li-6 magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR, in situ metal K-edge (hard) X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and O K-edge (soft) XAS have been carried out during the first charging process for layered Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material. The Li-6 MAS NMR results showed the presence of Li in the Ni2+/Mn4+ layers, in addition to the expected sites for Li in the lithium layers. On charging, Li ions in both the transition metals and lithium layers are removed and no new resonances are observed. The metal K-edge XAS results suggest that the major charge compensation at the metal site during charge is achieved by oxidation of Ni2+ ions, while manganese ions remain mostly unchanged in the Mn4+ state. From observation of O K-edge XAS results, one can conclude that a large portion of the charge compensation during charge is achieved in the oxygen site. This work provides the possibility of larger capacity of the electrode material using Li in the transition metal layers and contribution of oxygen during charge. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jmcbreen@bnl.gov RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 14 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP A53 EP A55 DI 10.1149/1.1643592 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 770AE UT WOS:000188700000005 ER PT J AU Zhuang, GV Xu, K Jow, TR Ross, PN AF Zhuang, GV Xu, K Jow, TR Ross, PN TI Study of SEI layer formed on graphite anodes in PC/LiBOB electrolyte using IR spectroscopy SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PROPYLENE CARBONATE; LITHIUM BIS(OXALATO)BORATE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; INFRARED SPECTRA; LIBOB; LI; TETRAHYDROFURAN; INTERFACE AB The chemistry of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formed on graphite anodes cycled in propylene carbonate (PC)-lithium bis(oxolato)borate (LiBOB) electrolyte was studied by ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis in the attenuated total reflection mode. The vibrational spectra clearly show that electrochemical reduction of the BOB anion is a part of the SEI layer formation chemistry. The reduction reaction changes the oxygen coordination around the B atom from tetrahedral BO4 to trigonal BO3, e.g., esters of boric acid, and changes the symmetry of the O-C-O bonding closer to that in esters of oxalic acid. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhuang, GV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rjow@arl.army.mil RI Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 NR 22 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 8 BP A224 EP A227 DI 10.1149/1.1756855 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 841LO UT WOS:000222931500002 ER PT J AU Wall, FD Johnson, CM Barbour, JC Martinez, MA AF Wall, FD Johnson, CM Barbour, JC Martinez, MA TI Comparison of the effects of implanted and aqueous Cl on aluminum pitting behavior SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PIT INITIATION; ANODIC ALUMINA; OXIDE-FILMS; IONS; BREAKDOWN; ADSORPTION; MIGRATION; CORROSION; XPS AB A statistics-based mathematical treatment was used to compare the pitting behavior of Cl-implanted Al to the behavior of nonimplanted Al. Although pitting potentials for both types of samples fall within a similar potential range, the pit germination rates are much higher for the implanted samples. Differences in germination rates are attributed to the Cl adsorption/absorption and/or Cl migration processes that are bypassed by implanting Cl directly into the aluminum oxide. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wall, FD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM fdwall@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 11 BP B35 EP B38 DI 10.1149/1.1805505 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918KE UT WOS:000228539900020 ER PT J AU Saraf, L Young, J Lea, S Thevuthasan, S Dunham, G Grate, JW Baer, DR AF Saraf, L Young, J Lea, S Thevuthasan, S Dunham, G Grate, JW Baer, DR TI Lateral ordering of microfabricated SiO2 nanotips SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY; SENSOR; TIPS; ION AB Microfabricated SiO2 nanotips are potentially useful as scanning tips in near-field optical microscopy and sensor related functions. We report a process in which the rounding nature of isotropic etching combined with undercutting property of Si(100) are effectively used to microfabricate laterally ordered SiO2 nanotips. Combination of excessive isotropic wet etching of thermally grown SiO2 with anisotropic etching of n-type silicon along (100) planes leads to the formation of nanotips with sharpness; 15 nm. Uniform periodic array of nanotips form due to coalescence of excessively etched SiO2 resulting in nanotips length less than or equal to the separation between the original photolithographic features. Finally, the overall process of nanotip formation is discussed by considering the roles of rapid isotropic etching of SiO2 in buffered oxide etch solution, anisotropic etching of Si(100) in KOH solution, and slow SiO2 etching in KOH solution. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Phys & Chem Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saraf, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP C7 EP C9 DI 10.1149/1.1626291 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 749DA UT WOS:000186902300011 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, R Chen, J Spagnol, P Chaudhuri, T AF Bhattacharya, R Chen, J Spagnol, P Chaudhuri, T TI Electrodeposited biaxially textured Ni layer for YBCO superconductor oxide films SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS AB Nonvacuum electrodeposition was used to prepare biaxially textured Ni coatings on Ni-W substrates. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (including theta/2 theta, pole figures, omega scans, and phi scans), and atomic force microscopy. Pole-figure scans show that electrodeposited (ED) Ni on textured Ni-W (3 atom %) is 99.3% cube textured. Full width at half-maximum values of the omega scan and phi scan of the electrodeposited Ni layers were comparable to the Ni-W base substrates, indicating good biaxial texturing. The buffer structures were completed on these types of seed ED-Ni layers by pulsed-laser-deposited (PLD) CeO2/YSZ/CeO2. We obtained a critical current density of 1.8 MA/cm(2) at 75.2 K in 600 Gauss magnetic field for PLD YBa2Cu3O7-delta/CeO2/YSZ/CeO2/ED-Ni/Ni-W. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM raghu_bhattacharya@nrel.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 11 BP D22 EP D24 DI 10.1149/1.1804958 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918KE UT WOS:000228539900026 ER PT J AU Tolmachev, YV Menzel, A Tkachuk, AV Chu, YS You, HD AF Tolmachev, YV Menzel, A Tkachuk, AV Chu, YS You, HD TI In situ surface X-ray scattering observation of long-range ordered (root 19 x root 19)R23.4 degrees-13CO structure on Pt(111) in aqueous electrolytes SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ADLAYER STRUCTURES; ACID-SOLUTIONS; CO OXIDATION; ELECTRODES; ADSORPTION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CHEMISORPTION AB Presented herein is the experimental observation of the long-range ordered (root19 x root19) R23.4degrees-13CO structure on Pt(111) in aqueous electrolytes by in situ surface X-ray scattering. The results confirmed the presence of two mirrored domains suggested earlier on the basis of scanning tunneling microscopy and infrared measurements. Based on the weak intensity of the second order adlattice reflections and earlier results obtained by other techniques, a further refinement of the (root19 x root19) structure with tilted CO molecules is proposed. The hystereses observed in transitions between (2 x 2)- 3CO and (root19 x root19) R23.4degrees- 13CO phases, as well as in CO adsorption and stripping, with change in electrode potential are discussed. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facilities Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tolmachev, YV (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM hyou@anl.gov RI You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011; Menzel, Andreas/C-4388-2012; OI You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483; Menzel, Andreas/0000-0002-0489-609X; Tolmachev, Yuriy/0000-0001-6705-6058 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP E23 EP E26 DI 10.1149/1.1645354 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 770AE UT WOS:000188700000019 ER PT J AU Heo, YW Kelly, J Norton, DP Hebard, AF Pearton, SJ Zavada, JM Boatner, LA AF Heo, YW Kelly, J Norton, DP Hebard, AF Pearton, SJ Zavada, JM Boatner, LA TI Effects of high dose Ni, Fe, Co, and Mn implantation into SnO2 SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR SPINTRONICS; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; DOPED SNO2; ELECTRONICS; FILMS AB The effects of high dose (3 x 10(16) cm(-2)) implantation of Ni, Fe, Co, or Mn ions into bulk, single-crystal SnO2 substrates carried out at substrate temperature of similar to 350 degrees C to avoid amorphization of the implanted region on the magnetic properties of the material are reported. X-ray diffraction showed no evidence of secondary phase formation in the SnO2. The Mn-implanted samples remained paramagnetic, as also reported for samples doped during thin film growth, but the Fe, Co-, and Ni-implanted SnO2 showed evidence of hysteresis with approximate Curie temperatures of similar to 120 K (Co and Cr) or 300 K (Fe). The carrier density in the implanted region appears to be too low to support carrier-mediated origin of the ferromagnetism and formation of bound magnetic polarons may be one explanation for the observed magnetic properties. The much reduced Curie temperature seen in Co-implanted SnO2 compared to material doped during pulsed laser deposition suggests the residual implant damage degrades the magnetic properties. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37813 USA. RP Heo, YW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 12 BP G309 EP G312 DI 10.1149/1.1814596 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918KM UT WOS:000228540700034 ER PT J AU Sorooshian, J Hetherington, D Philipossian, A AF Sorooshian, J Hetherington, D Philipossian, A TI Effect of process temperature on coefficient of friction during CMP SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION AB This study investigates the effect of heat generation and thermal inputs on the frictional characteristics of interlayer dielectric (ILD) and copper chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes. A series of ILD and copper polishes were completed with controlled pad temperatures of similar to 12, 22, 33, and 45 degrees C and various pressures and velocities. Coefficient of friction results indicated an increasing trend for ILD and copper polishing with a rise in polishing temperature. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the used polishing pads revealed links between the softening effects of the pad with rising temperatures and increased shear forces resulting from the contact of the pad and wafer during polishing. The results presented are critical for establishing pad designs with stable dynamic mechanical properties and prolonged pad life. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sorooshian, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jamshid@u.arizona.edu NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 10 BP G222 EP G224 DI 10.1149/1.1792240 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918JZ UT WOS:000228539400041 ER PT J AU Sorooshian, J Borucki, L Timon, R Stein, D Boning, D Hetherington, D Philipossian, A AF Sorooshian, J Borucki, L Timon, R Stein, D Boning, D Hetherington, D Philipossian, A TI Estimating the effective pressure on patterned wafers during STI CMP SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICS AB Removal rate results obtained from a 150 mm Speedfam-IPEC 472 polisher, coupled with a proven removal rate model has allowed for the determination of effective pressure (i.e., the actual pressure exerted on the structures of a patterned wafer) during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of high-density plasma-filled shallow trench isolation (STI) wafers. Results showed that the ratio of derived effective pressure to applied wafer pressure was 2.2, 1.7, and 1.3 for 10, 50, and 90% density wafers, respectively. The relative consistency of these ratios indicates that the effective pressure experienced during polishing is not impacted by pattern density in a proportionate manner. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Intelligent Planar, Mesa, AZ 85205 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. MIT, Microsyst Technol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Sorooshian, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jamshid@email.arizona.edu NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2004 VL 7 IS 10 BP G204 EP G206 DI 10.1149/1.1785933 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918JZ UT WOS:000228539400035 ER PT B AU Sandi, G Johnson, TS Gerald, RE Klingler, L Carrado, KA Winans, RE AF Sandi, G Johnson, TS Gerald, RE Klingler, L Carrado, KA Winans, RE BE McDermott, MT Belanger, D Zaghib, K TI Electrochemical performance of sepiolite-derived carbon with lithium transition metal oxide positive electrodes SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF CARBON MATERIALS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemistry of Carbon Electrodes held at the 198th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 23-24, 2000 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div AB The performance of a sepiolite-derived carbon as an anode material in lithium ion batteries was evaluated using Li1+xMn2-xO4 (xless than or equal to0.06) or LiNi0.8C0.2O2 as positive electrode materials. Specific capacity values respect to the active cathode mass were 150 and 232 mAh/g for the first charge half cycles, respectively. In situ Li-7 NMR measurements were also performed on the anode material and on the whole cell, to assist in the assignment of the lithium signals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-301-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2000 IS 34 BP 162 EP 167 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BAU72 UT WOS:000223640300019 ER PT S AU Idrobo, JC Ogut, S Erni, R Browning, ND AF Idrobo, JC Ogut, S Erni, R Browning, ND BE McVitie, S McComb, D TI The effects of oxygen on the electronic structure of MgB2 SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2003 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Institute-of-Physics-Electron-Microscopy and Analysis-Group Conference (EMAG 2003) CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Oxford, Examinat Sch, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Univ Oxford, Examinat Sch AB The discovery of superconductivity in MgB2, with a transition temperature of T-c=40K [1], has focused scientific attention towards an understanding of its superconducting properties. Superconductivity in MgB2 is driven by hole transport through the boron orbitals [2]. The presence of oxygen as segregates in the grain boundaries and precipitates in the bulk of polycrystalline materials could have a large effect on the hole carrier concentration and therefore change the superconducting properties of MgB2. In this study, we show experimental as well as theoretical evidence that oxygen segregates in the bulk of MgB2 can have an effect on the hole carrier concentration. The experiments were performed using atomic resolution Z-contrast imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Idrobo, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Ogut, Serdar/B-1749-2012; Erni, Rolf/P-7435-2014; Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015; OI Erni, Rolf/0000-0003-2391-5943; Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0967-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 IS 179 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BAN52 UT WOS:000222973400025 ER PT S AU Nellist, PD Dellby, N Krivanek, OL Murfitt, MF Szilagyi, Z Lupini, AR Pennycook, SJ AF Nellist, PD Dellby, N Krivanek, OL Murfitt, MF Szilagyi, Z Lupini, AR Pennycook, SJ BE McVitie, S McComb, D TI Towards sub-0.5 angstrom beams through aberration corrected STEM SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2003 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Institute-of-Physics-Electron-Microscopy and Analysis-Group Conference (EMAG 2003) CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Oxford, Examinat Sch, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Univ Oxford, Examinat Sch AB Correction of spherical aberration (C-S) in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has enabled routine sub-angstrom resolution imaging and increased the current available in an atom-sized probe by a factor of 10 or more. Both high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging and EELS spectrum imaging (SI) results are shown from instruments fitted with Nion aberration correctors. C1 Nion Co, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nellist, PD (reprint author), Nion Co, 1102 8th St, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0967-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 IS 179 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BAN52 UT WOS:000222973400037 ER PT S AU Lupini, AR Varela, M Borisevich, AY Travaglini, SM Pennycook, SJ AF Lupini, AR Varela, M Borisevich, AY Travaglini, SM Pennycook, SJ BE McVitie, S McComb, D TI Advances in aberration corrected STEM at ORNL SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2003 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Institute-of-Physics-Electron-Microscopy and Analysis-Group Conference (EMAG 2003) CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Oxford, Examinat Sch, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Univ Oxford, Examinat Sch ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB Aberration correction has recently made the transition from being merely a technically interesting result to finally becoming a practical tool for extremely high resolution electron microscopy. In this paper we discuss some of the progress that is being made and highlight some of the more unexpected advantages that aberration correction will bring. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lupini, AR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0967-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 IS 179 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BAN52 UT WOS:000222973400049 ER PT S AU Stephan, O Vlandas, A de la Concha, RA Loiseau, A Trasobares, S Colliex, C AF Stephan, O Vlandas, A de la Concha, RA Loiseau, A Trasobares, S Colliex, C BE McVitie, S McComb, D TI Probing electronic states in nanotubes and related-nanoparticles at the nanometer scale SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 2003 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Institute-of-Physics-Electron-Microscopy and Analysis-Group Conference (EMAG 2003) CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Oxford, Examinat Sch, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Univ Oxford, Examinat Sch ID CARBON; SPECTRA AB The combination of the spectrum imaging mode with processing methods such as multiple least square fitting is used for probing electronic states in nanostructures at the nanometer scale. This method is illustrated on two examples: the mapping of boron chemical states for a high accuracy characterization of BN nanotubes samples and the possible detection of five-member rings in highly defective multiwall carbon nanotubes. C1 Univ Paris 11, LPS, F-91405 Orsay, France. Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Cnrs Onera, UMR104, LEM, F-92322 Chatillon, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stephan, O (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, LPS, Bat 510, F-91405 Orsay, France. RI Arenal, Raul/D-2065-2009; OI Arenal, Raul/0000-0002-2071-9093; Trasobares Llorente, Susana/0000-0003-3820-4327 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0967-9 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2004 IS 179 BP 437 EP 442 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Microscopy; Physics GA BAN52 UT WOS:000222973400103 ER PT B AU Thundat, T Pinnaduwage, L Lareau, R AF Thundat, T Pinnaduwage, L Lareau, R BE Gardner, JW Yinon, J TI Explosive vapour detection using micromechanical sensors SO ELECTRONIC NOSES & SENSORS FOR THE DETECTION OF EXPLOSIVES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Electronic Noses and Sensors for the Detection of Explosives CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2003 CL Warwick, ENGLAND SP NATO DE cantilever sensors; explosive vapour detection; resonance frequency; cantilever bending; adsorption-induced stress; nanodeflagration ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; SURFACE STRESS; CHEMICAL SENSORS; MICROCANTILEVERS; RESONANCE; COATINGS; GOLD AB MEMS-based microcantilever platforms have been used to develop extremely sensitive explosive vapour sensors. Two unique approaches of detecting of explosive vapours are demonstrated. In the first approach a cantilever beam coated with a selective layer undergoes bending and resonance frequency variation due to explosive vapour adsorption. The resonance frequency variation is due to mass loading while adsorption-induced cantilever bending is due to a differential stress due molecular adsorption. In the second approach that does not utilize selective coatings for speciation, detection is achieved by deflagration of adsorbed explosive molecules. Deflagration of adsorbed explosive molecules causes the cantilever to bend due to released heat while its resonance frequency decreases due to mass unloading. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-2317-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2004 VL 159 BP 249 EP 266 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BBI87 UT WOS:000225710300016 ER PT J AU Anitescu, M Pahlevani, F Layton, WJ AF Anitescu, M Pahlevani, F Layton, WJ TI Implicit for local effects and explicit for nonlocal effects is unconditionally stable SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE unconditional stability; implicit-explicit methods; multiscale integration ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; VISCOSITY AB A combination of implicit and explicit timestepping is analyzed for a system of ODEs motivated by ones arising from spatial discretizations of evolutionary partial differential equations. Loosely speaking, the method we consider is implicit in local and stabilizing terms in the underlying PDE and explicit in nonlocal and unstabilizing terms. Unconditional stability and convergence of the numerical scheme are proved by the energy method and by algebraic techniques. This stability result is surprising because usually when different methods are combined, the stability properties of the least stable method plays a determining role in the combination. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Anitescu, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anitescu@mcs.anl.gov; fap4@pitt.edu; wjl@pitt.edu NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2004 VL 18 BP 174 EP 187 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 940TI UT WOS:000230166700011 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Hasselbrink, EF AF Kirby, BJ Hasselbrink, EF TI Zeta potential of microfluidic substrates: 1. Theory, experimental techniques, and effects on separations SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Review DE microfluidic substrates; miniaturization; review; zeta potential ID CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; SURFACE CONDUCTION; DOUBLE-LAYER; ELECTROKINETIC CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SILICA CAPILLARIES; SOLUTION INTERFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS AB This paper summarizes theory, experimental techniques, and the reported data pertaining to the zeta potential of silica and silicon with attention to use as microfluidic substrate materials, particularly for microchip chemical separations. Dependence on cation concentration, buffer and cation type, pH, cation valency, and temperature are discussed. The Debye-Huckel limit, which is often correctly treated as a good approximation for describing the ion concentration in the double layer, can lead to serious errors if it is extended to predict the dependence of zeta potential on the counterion concentration. For indifferent univalent electrolytes (e.g., sodium and potassium), two simple scalings for the dependence of zeta potential on counterion concentration can be derived in high- and low-zeta limits of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzman equation solution in the double layer. It is shown that for most situations relevant to microchip separations, the high-zeta limit is most applicable, leading to the conclusion that the zeta potential on silica substrates is approximately proportional to the logarithm of the molar counterion concentration. The zeta vs. pH dependence measurements from several experiments are compared by normalizing the zeta based on concentration. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Microfluid, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Engn Mech, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Microfluid, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bjkirby@sandia.gov NR 103 TC 479 Z9 486 U1 20 U2 228 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1002/elps.200305754 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 771YP UT WOS:000188813900002 PM 14743473 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Hasselbrink, EF AF Kirby, BJ Hasselbrink, EF TI Zeta potential of microfluidic substrates: 2. Data for polymers SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Review DE microfluidic substrates; miniaturization; review; zeta potential ID CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; SURFACE MODIFICATION; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; PH HYSTERESIS; DEVICES; MICROCHANNELS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); FABRICATION; SEPARATIONS AB Zeta potential data are reviewed for a variety of polymeric microfluidic substrate materials. Many of these materials currently used for microchip fabrication have only recently been employed for generation of electroosmotic flow. Despite their recent history, polymeric microfluidic substrates are currently used extensively for microchip separations and other techniques, and understanding of the surface zeta potential is crucial for experimental design. This paper proposes the use of pC (the negative logarithm of the counterion concentration) as a useful normalization for the zeta potential on polymer substrates in contact with indifferent univalent counterions. Normalizing zeta by pC facilitates comparison of results from many investigators. The sparseness of available data for polymeric substrates prevents complete and rigorous justification for this normalization; however, it is consistent with double layer and adsorption theory. For buffers with indifferent univalent cations, normalization with the logarithm of the counterion concentration in general collapses data onto a single zeta/pC vs. pH curve, and (with the exception of PMMA) the repeatability of the data is quite encouraging. Normalization techniques should allow improved ability to predict zeta potential performance on microfluidic substrates and compare results observed with different parameters. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Engn Mech, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bjkirby@sandia.gov NR 47 TC 231 Z9 231 U1 11 U2 96 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1002/elps.200305755 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 771YP UT WOS:000188813900003 PM 14743474 ER PT B AU Mestayer, MD AF Mestayer, MD BE Maeda, K Tamura, H Nakamura, SN Hashimoto, O TI Lambda polarization in exclusive electroand photoproduction at CLAS SO ELECTROPHOTOPRODUCTION OF STRANGENESS ON NUCLEONS AND NUCLEI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electrophoto-Production of Strangeness on Nucleons and Nuclei CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL Sendai, JAPAN AB The CLAS collaboration at JLab has recent results on Lambda polarization for both electroproduction and photoproduction of K(+)Lambda exclusive states. I note the striking phenomenological trends in the data and discuss the underlying physics which might give rise to these phenomena; both in the context of an effective Lagrangian formalism, where the degrees of freedom are intermediate mesons and baryons, and also in the context of a simple quark picture. The quark model argument leads to the conclusion that the s and (s) over bar quarks are produced with spins anti-aligned, in apparent contradiction to the popular P-3(0) model of quark pair creation in which the pair is created with vacuum quantum numbers (J = 0 and positive parity), i.e. in an S = 1, L = 1, J = 0 angular momentum state. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Mestayer, MD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM mestayer@jlab.org NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-752-8 PY 2004 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1142/9789812702920_0012 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAT00 UT WOS:000223400100012 ER PT B AU Dohrmann, F Abbott, D Ahmidouch, A Ambrozewicz, P Armstrong, CS Arrington, J Asaturyan, R Assamagan, K Avery, S Bailey, K Baker, OK Beedoe, S Bitao, H Breuer, H Brown, DS Carlini, R Cha, J Chant, N Christy, E Cochran, A Cole, L Collins, G Cothran, C Crowder, J Cummings, WJ Danagoulian, S Duncan, F Dunne, J Dutta, D Eden, T Elaasar, M Ent, R Ewell, L Fenker, H Fortune, HT Fujii, Y Gan, L Gao, H Garrow, K Geesaman, DF Gueye, P Gustafsson, K Hafidi, K Hansen, JO Hinton, W Jackson, HE Juengst, H Keppel, C Klein, A Koltenuk, D Liang, Y Liu, JH Lung, A Mack, D Madey, R Markowitz, P Martoff, CJ Meekins, D Mitchell, J Miyoshi, T Mkrtchyan, H Mohring, R Mtingwa, SK Mueller, B O'Neill, TG Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Potterveld, D Price, JW Raue, BA Reimer, PE Reinhold, J Roche, J Roos, P Sarsour, M Sato, Y Savage, G Sawafta, R Segel, RE Semenov, AY Stepanyan, S Tadevosian, V Tajima, S Tang, L Terburg, B Uzzle, A Wood, S Yamaguchi, H Yan, C Yan, C Yuan, L Zeier, M Zeidman, B Zihlmann, B AF Dohrmann, F Abbott, D Ahmidouch, A Ambrozewicz, P Armstrong, CS Arrington, J Asaturyan, R Assamagan, K Avery, S Bailey, K Baker, OK Beedoe, S Bitao, H Breuer, H Brown, DS Carlini, R Cha, J Chant, N Christy, E Cochran, A Cole, L Collins, G Cothran, C Crowder, J Cummings, WJ Danagoulian, S Duncan, F Dunne, J Dutta, D Eden, T Elaasar, M Ent, R Ewell, L Fenker, H Fortune, HT Fujii, Y Gan, L Gao, H Garrow, K Geesaman, DF Gueye, P Gustafsson, K Hafidi, K Hansen, JO Hinton, W Jackson, HE Juengst, H Keppel, C Klein, A Koltenuk, D Liang, Y Liu, JH Lung, A Mack, D Madey, R Markowitz, P Martoff, CJ Meekins, D Mitchell, J Miyoshi, T Mkrtchyan, H Mohring, R Mtingwa, SK Mueller, B O'Neill, TG Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Potterveld, D Price, JW Raue, BA Reimer, PE Reinhold, J Roche, J Roos, P Sarsour, M Sato, Y Savage, G Sawafta, R Segel, RE Semenov, AY Stepanyan, S Tadevosian, V Tajima, S Tang, L Terburg, B Uzzle, A Wood, S Yamaguchi, H Yan, C Yan, C Yuan, L Zeier, M Zeidman, B Zihlmann, B BE Maeda, K Tamura, H Nakamura, SN Hashimoto, O TI Electroproduction of strangeness on light nuclei SO ELECTROPHOTOPRODUCTION OF STRANGENESS ON NUCLEONS AND NUCLEI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electrophoto-Production of Strangeness on Nucleons and Nuclei CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL Sendai, JAPAN AB The A(e,e'K+)YX reaction has been investigated in Hall C at Jefferson Laboratory. Data were taken for Q(2) approximate to 0.35 and 0.5 GeV2 at a beam energy of 3.245 GeV for H-1, H-2, He-3 and He-4 targets. The missing mass spectra are fitted with Monte Carlo simulations taking into account the production of Lambda and Sigma(0) hyperon production off the proton, and Sigma(-) off the neutron. Models for quasifree production are compared to the data, excess yields close to threshold are attributed to FSI. Evidence for Lambda-hypernuclear bound states is seen for He-3,He-4 targets. This is the first time, the electroproduction of these hypernuclei has been measured. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dohrmann, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-752-8 PY 2004 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1142/9789812702920_0013 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAT00 UT WOS:000223400100013 ER PT B AU Gibson, BF AF Gibson, BF BE Maeda, K Tamura, H Nakamura, SN Hashimoto, O TI Theoretical perspective SO ELECTROPHOTOPRODUCTION OF STRANGENESS ON NUCLEONS AND NUCLEI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electrophoto-Production of Strangeness on Nucleons and Nuclei CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL Sendai, JAPAN AB This is a personal perspective regarding the bright outlook for the future of photo- and electroproduction of strangeness based upon the inspirational presentations made at SENDAI03. These remarks are focused upon the theoretical apsects of the symposium. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Gibson, BF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-752-8 PY 2004 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.1142/9789812702920_0032 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BAT00 UT WOS:000223400100032 ER PT S AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Denham, P Rekawa, SB Jackson, K Liddle, JA Anderson, EH AF Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Denham, P Rekawa, SB Jackson, K Liddle, JA Anderson, EH BE Mackay, RS TI EUV interferometric testing and alignment of the 0.3 NA MET optic SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII CY FEB 24-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet interferometry; extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUV; at-wavelength testing; MET ID LATERAL SHEARING INTERFEROGRAMS; AT-WAVELENGTH; ZERNIKE POLYNOMIALS; SYSTEM; ACCURACY; TOOL AB Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) interferometry has been successfully performed for the first time at 0.3 numerical aperture (NA). Extensive EUV "at-wavelength" testing including alignment, was performed on a newly created Micro Exposure Tool (MET) optic designed for sub-50-nm EUV lithographic imaging experiments. The two-mirror, 0.3 NA MET is arguably the highest resolution light-projection lithography tool ever made. Using both lateral shearing and phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry, the wavefront was measured across the field of view, and the alignment was optimized in preparation for imaging. The wavefront quality reached 0.55 nm RMS (lambda(EUV)/24.5) in a 37-term annular Zernike polynomial series, dominated by higher-order spherical aberration. Measurements included calibrations of the interferometer accuracy, assessment of repeatability, and cross-comparisons of visible and EUV interferometric measurements. The comparisons and the final, measured wavefront quality were affected by an apparent alignment drift, several tenths of a run in magnitude. Significant unresolved differences between testing strategies shows that continued work is needed to improve the measurement accuracy to levels required for EUV lithography. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5287-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5374 BP 64 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.546199 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ49 UT WOS:000222554700008 ER PT S AU Allain, JP Hassanein, A Burtseva, T Yacout, A Insepov, Z Taj, S Rice, BJ AF Allain, JP Hassanein, A Burtseva, T Yacout, A Insepov, Z Taj, S Rice, BJ BE Mackay, RS TI Radiation-induced synergistic effects of athermal and thermal mechanisms on erosion and surface evolution of advanced electrode and condenser optics materials SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII CY FEB 24-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE diffusion; segregation; preferential sputtering; amorphization; condenser optics; collisional mixing AB In extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) environments transient plasma dynamics dictate conditions for particle/surface interactions. A critical challenge facing EUVL development is optic component lifetime both in gas-discharge produced plasmas (GDPP) and laser-produced plasmas (LPP) devices. Optic components are exposed to impingent species, impurities (H,C,O,N) and debris leading to their degradation and consequently limiting 13.5 nm light reflection intensity. Experiments in the PRIME (Particles and Radiation Interaction with Matter Experiments) facility at the Argonne National Laboratory study the synergy between radiation-induced athermal and thermal mechanisms that influence the behavior of EUVL materials (electrodes and condenser optics) under irradiation conditions including: incident particle energy (50 eV - 5 keV), angle-of-incidence (near-normal to oblique), incident flux (10(11) - 10(17) ions/cm(2)/s), surface coatings (impurity: C,O or capping layers: Ru, W), and surface temperature (100 - 1000 degreesC). Results of electrode and optical component interaction with singly-charged inert gases (Xe) are presented. Critical issues under study include: radiation enhanced diffusion, radiation induced segregation, preferential sputtering, collisional mixing, surface segregation, surface amorphization, thermal diffusion and thermal spike evolution. Experiments in PRIME will be complemented with atomistic modeling to study how these mechanisms modify surfaces and how these mechanisms can work synergistically to introduce solutions to enhance component lifetime of electrode and condenser optic materials. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allain, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013; OI Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293; Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5287-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5374 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.534439 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ49 UT WOS:000222554700013 ER PT S AU Hassanein, A Burtseva, T Allain, JP Rice, BJ Bakshi, V Safronov, V AF Hassanein, A Burtseva, T Allain, JP Rice, BJ Bakshi, V Safronov, V BE Mackay, RS TI Experimental investigation of materials damage induced by hot Xe plasma in EUV lithography devices SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII CY FEB 24-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH ID INSTABILITIES AB Small plasma-pinch devices operating at a gas mixture of Xe and He with a frequency of 5-10 kHz and pulsed energy of 1-100 J are very promising sources of EUV radiation for lithography. A key issue in design of EUV sources is erosion of the pinch facing materials under the hot Xe plasma and electric currents. Material erosion limits the lifetime of device components and thereby reduces the economical feasibility of these devices. Selection of high-resistant materials is critically important for development of future commercial EUV sources. Experiments are being carried out at plasma gun facilities in well-diagnosed and controlled conditions. The plasma gun is applied as a source of pulsed energetic Xe plasma capable of generating Xe plasma streams with a velocity 4 10(6) - 4 10(7) cm/s and duration of the plasma pulse 10 - 40 microseconds. Xenon plasma stream velocity of 4 - 10 10(6) cm/s is sufficient to obtain plasma temperature of 30 - 50 eV, i.e., typical for pinch EUV devices. The formation of plasma cloud makes possible to study erosion and surface damage induced by particles and radiation of Xe plasma at these temperatures. Initial results of material testing by Xe plasma particles are presented. Samples of copper and tungsten, which are currently being used as electrode materials in pinch devices, were exposed to multiple irradiations by pulsed energetic Xe plasma. Material erosion and surface damages are analyzed. Future results will permit identification of the erosion mechanisms induced by Xe plasma particles, plasma radiation, and electric currents and their contributions to the net material erosion. The experimental data are being used for validation of numerical models developed in the HEIGHTS-EUV package for evaluation of material erosion in EUV sources. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5287-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5374 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.534252 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ49 UT WOS:000222554700014 ER PT S AU Hassanein, A Sizyuk, V Tolkach, V Morozov, V Sizyuk, T Rice, B Bakshi, V AF Hassanein, A Sizyuk, V Tolkach, V Morozov, V Sizyuk, T Rice, B Bakshi, V BE Mackay, RS TI Simulation and optimization of DPP hydrodynamics and radiation transport for EUV lithography devices SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII CY FEB 24-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE discharge-produced plasma; HEIGHTS-EUV; MHD; radiation transport; numerical simulation ID PLASMA AB Discharge produced plasma (DPP) devices are being used as a light source for Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography. A key challenge for DPP is achieving sufficient brightness to support the throughput requirements of exposure tools for high-volume manufacturing lithography. An integrated model is being developed to simulate the environment of the EUV source and optimize the output of the source. The model describes the hydrodynamic and optical processes that occur in DPP devices. It takes into account plasma evolution and magnetohydrodynamic processes as well as detailed photon radiation transport. The total variation diminishing scheme in the Lax-Friedrich formulation for the description of magnetic compression and diffusion in a cylindrical geometry is used. Several models are being developed for opacity calculations: a collisional radiation equilibrium model, a self-consistent field model with Auger processes, and a non-stationary kinetic model. Radiation transport for both continuum and lines with detailed spectral profiles is taken into account. The developed models are being integrated into the HEIGHTS-EUV computer simulation package. Preliminary results of a numerical simulation of xenon gas hydrodynamics and EUV radiation output are presented for various plasma conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5287-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5374 BP 413 EP 422 DI 10.1117/12.534269 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ49 UT WOS:000222554700044 ER PT S AU Clift, WM Klebanoff, LE Tarrio, C Grantham, S Wood, OR Wurm, S Edwards, NV AF Clift, WM Klebanoff, LE Tarrio, C Grantham, S Wood, OR Wurm, S Edwards, NV BE Mackay, RS TI Scaling studies of capping layer oxidation by water exposure with EUV radiation and electrons SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII CY FEB 24-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; oxidation; multilayer mirror; auger electron spectroscopy; ruthenium; silicon AB Silicon capped [Mo/Si] multilayer mirrors (MLM's) can undergo oxidation by the combined effects of radiation (Extreme Ultraviolet [EUV], electron) and water vapor. This parametric study provides silicon-capped MLM oxidation rate data. The goal of this study was to determine the dependence of silicon oxidation on water vapor pressure and radiation flux density over three orders of magnitude. Previous work(1) has shown that electron and 95.3 eV EUV exposures produce similar oxidation. The present study verifies that correlation and examines the effects of EUV and electron flux on the oxidation rate of the Si-capping layer. E-beam and EUV exposed areas on silicon-capped MLM samples were analyzed following radiation exposure by Auger depth profiling to determine the thickness of the oxide grown. A ruthenium (Ru) capped MLM was also exposed for 4-hours, however it showed very little oxidation under the most extreme conditions of our test matrix. Also the effect of varying the primary e-beam voltage (0.5-2.0 keV) on Si-capped MLM was examined, which showed that exposures in the 1-2 keV range produce similar results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Clift, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5287-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5374 BP 666 EP 674 DI 10.1117/12.537403 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ49 UT WOS:000222554700071 ER PT S AU Hollenshead, JT Klebanoff, LE AF Hollenshead, JT Klebanoff, LE BE Mackay, RS TI Modeling carbon contamination of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optics SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII CY FEB 24-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE hydrocarbon contamination modeling; hydrocarbon cracking; extreme ultraviolet lithography AB A mathematical model is used to describe the processes that contribute to the deposition of a carbon film on EUV multilayer optics when the optic is exposed to EUV radiation in the presence of residual hydrocarbon gases. The key physical and chemical processes taken into account within the model include the transport of residual hydrocarbons to the irradiated area, molecular diffusion across the optic surface, and the subsequent dissociation or "cracking" of the hydrocarbon by both direct EUV ionization and secondary electron excitation. The dissociated hydrocarbons are reactive and form a carbonaceous film that reduces the reflectivity of the optic and the overall throughput of the EUV lithographic system. The model, which provides estimates of hydrocarbon film growth under various conditions of hydrocarbon partial pressures and EUV power, is validated by predicting the carbon thickness associated with a series of EUV exposures performed in the laboratory. The model is then used to evaluate the effects of hydrocarbon partial pressure, EUV power, hydrocarbon mass, and temperature on the growth of the carbonaceous contaminate layer. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal & Fluid Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hollenshead, JT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal & Fluid Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5287-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5374 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1117/12.537471 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ49 UT WOS:000222554700072 ER PT S AU Anderson, RJ Buchenauer, DA Klebanoff, L Wood, OR Edwards, NV AF Anderson, RJ Buchenauer, DA Klebanoff, L Wood, OR Edwards, NV BE Mackay, RS TI The erosion of materials exposed to a laser-pulsed plasma (LPP) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) illumination source SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII CY FEB 24-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; laser pulsed plasma source; erosion; sputtering; gold; molybdenum; silicon ID PROGRAM AB A critical issue in the realization of EUV lithography (EUVL) as a production technology is the lifetime of the condenser, the optic in closest proximity to any compact, high-power EUV source. During operation of the Engineering Test Stand (ETS), a full-field, high-power EUVL alpha tool, the silicon/molybdenum multilayer mirrors used as a condenser were eroded by extended exposure to the LPP source. The erosion rate varied considerably, and diagnostic instrumentation on the ETS was not intended to address this issue, so the cause of this erosion was not determined at the time. We present here the results of experiments in which samples of gold, molybdenum, and silicon were exposed to an LPP using a liquid xenon jet as the target. The measured erosion rates suggest a sputtering mechanism. Observations of the plasma environment at the condenser distance show the presence of fast ions, which, if they are xenon, have kinetic energies of tens of keV. Such ions would contribute significantly to condenser erosion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Anderson, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5287-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5374 BP 710 EP 719 DI 10.1117/12.537852 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ49 UT WOS:000222554700076 ER PT S AU Gullikson, EM Tejnil, E Liang, T Stivers, AR AF Gullikson, EM Tejnil, E Liang, T Stivers, AR BE Mackay, RS TI EUVL defect printability at the 32 nm node SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII CY FEB 24-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE EUVL; multilayer; defect printability AB The printability of both amplitude and phase defects has been investigated in proximity to absorber lines with widths corresponding to the 45 nm and 32 nm nodes. The single surface approximation was used to simulate defects within the multilayer coating. The printability of Gaussian phase defects was simulated versus width and height and location with respect to the absorber line. For narrow defects the worst location was found to be next to the absorber line, while wide defects had the greatest effect when centered under the absorber. The dependence of defect printability on the flare of the camera was investigated. The results of these simulations are aimed at defining the critical defects for EUVL masks designed for the 32 nm node. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gullikson, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5287-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5374 BP 791 EP 796 DI 10.1117/12.558816 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ49 UT WOS:000222554700084 ER PT S AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Anderson, E Bradley, K Delano, R Denham, P Gunion, B Harteneck, B Hoef, B Huang, HJ Jackson, K Jones, G Kemp, D Liddle, JA Oort, R Rawlins, A Rekawa, S Salmassi, F Tackaberry, R Chung, C Hale, L Phillion, D Sommargren, G Taylor, J AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Anderson, E Bradley, K Delano, R Denham, P Gunion, B Harteneck, B Hoef, B Huang, HJ Jackson, K Jones, G Kemp, D Liddle, JA Oort, R Rawlins, A Rekawa, S Salmassi, F Tackaberry, R Chung, C Hale, L Phillion, D Sommargren, G Taylor, J BE Mackay, RS TI Status of EUV microexposure capabilities at the ALS using the 0.3-NA MET optic SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII CY FEB 24-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; synchrotron; variable-sigma illuminator; coherence ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; ENGINEERING TEST STAND AB The success of recent static printing experiments at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source (ALS) using the EUV LLC Engineering Test Stand (ETS) Set-2 optic has demonstrated the utility of synchrotron-based EUV exposure stations. Although not viable light sources for commercial lithography, synchrotrons provide clean, convenient. and extremely flexible sources for developmental microfield lithography. The great flexibility of synchrotron-based illumination arises from the fact that such sources facilitate active coherence reduction, thus enabling the coherence function, or pupil fill, to be actively sculpted in real time. As the commercialization of EUV progresses, the focus of developmental EUV lithography is shifting from low numerical aperture (NA) tools such as the 0.1-NA ETS to higher-NA tools such as the 0.3-NA Micro Exposure Tool (MET). To support printing with MET optics at the ALS. a new printing station has been developed, relying on a scanning illuminator to provide programmable coherence (pupil-fill) control. The illuminator is designed to operate up to a coherence factor (a) of 1 and support the full 200x600 design printed field of view. In addition to a new illuminator design. new focus sensing and dose-control systems have also been implemented. Here we describe the MET printing capabilities in detail and present preliminary printing results with the Sematech Set-2 MET optic. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 14 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5287-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5374 BP 881 EP 891 DI 10.1117/12.556538 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ49 UT WOS:000222554700095 ER PT S AU Karnowski, T Joy, D Allard, L Clonts, L AF Karnowski, T Joy, D Allard, L Clonts, L BE Mackay, RS TI System considerations for maskless lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies VIII CY FEB 24-26, 2004 CL Santa Clara, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment & Mat Int, Int SEMATECH AB Lithographic processes for printing device structures on integrated circuits (ICs) are the fundamental technology behind Moore's law. Next-generation techniques like maskless lithography or ML2 have the advantage that the long, tedious and expensive process of fabricating a unique mask for the manufactured chip is not necessary. However, there are some rather daunting problems with establishing ML2 as a viable commercial technology. The data rate necessary for ML2 to be competitive in manufacturing is not feasible with technology in the near future. There is also doubt that the competing technologies for the writing mechanisms and corresponding photoresist (or analogous medium) will be able to accurately produce the desired patterns necessary to produce multi-layer semiconductor devices. In this work, we model the maskless printing system from a signal processing point of view., utilizing image processing algorithms and concepts to study the effects of various real-world constraints and their implications for a ML2 system. The ML2 elements are discrete devices, and it is doubtful that their motion can be controlled to the level where a one-for-one element to exposed pixel relationship is allowable. Some level of sub-element resolution can be achieved with gray scale levels, but with the highly integrated manufacturing practices required to achieve massive parallelism, the most effective elements will be simple on-off switches that fire a fixed level of energy at the target medium. Consequently gray-scale level devices are likely not an option. Another problem with highly integrated manufacturing methods is device uniformity. Consequently, we analyze the redundant scanning array concept (RSA) conceived by Berglund et al. which can defeat many of these problems. We determine some basic equations governing its application and we focus on applying the technique to an array of low-energy electron emitters. Using the results of Monte Carlo simulations on electron beam profiles, we determine an empirical "impulse response" for each emitter and thus determine how each emission manifests itself in the final printed lithographic pattern. We apply methods to determine the best printable image for a variety of RSA geometries, including different levels of redundancy and achieved printer element spacing. We use concepts of total printing error to help quantify the printing quality. Through simulation, we report the effects of dead or missing elements. We also present some error analysis to account for non-ideal array positioning. Ultimately, we believe that printing quality should be the grounds for determining the necessary data rates to support competitive manufacturing with ML2 devices. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Karnowski, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5287-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5374 BP 1080 EP 1091 DI 10.1117/12.530899 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ49 UT WOS:000222554700118 ER PT S AU Kelsey, RL Riese, JM Young, GA AF Kelsey, RL Riese, JM Young, GA BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI XML-based resources for simulation SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE physical system simulation; XML-based representation AB As simulations and the machines they run on become larger and more complex the inputs and outputs become more unwieldy. Increased complexity makes the setup of simulation problems difficult. It also contributes to the burden of handling and analyzing large amounts of output results. Another problem is that among a class of simulation codes (such as those for physical system simulation) there is often no single standard format or resource for input data. To run the same problem on different simulations requires a different setup for each simulation code. The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is used to represent a general set of data resources including physical system problems, materials, and test results. These resources provide a "plug and play" approach to simulation setup. For example, a particular material for a physical system can be selected from a material database. The XML-based representation of the selected material is then converted to the native format of the simulation being run and plugged into the simulation input file. In this manner a user can quickly and more easily put together a simulation setup. In the case of output data, an XML approach to regression testing includes tests and test results with XML-based representations. This facilitates the ability to query for specific tests and make comparisons between results. Also, output results can easily be converted to other formats for publishing online or on paper. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelsey, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-8 MS-F645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1117/12.541441 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700021 ER PT S AU Smith, MC Kelsey, RL Riese, JM Young, GA AF Smith, MC Kelsey, RL Riese, JM Young, GA BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Creating a flexible environment for testing scientific software SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE regression test; design pattern; scientific simulation AB When writing scientific modeling and simulation software, frequent regression tests can expose bugs that would otherwise create future obstacles. For this reason, regression testing should be a fundamental part of any development process in medium to large-sized projects. In order to implement a flexible solution to this problem, a software testing framework that is based on simple one-to-one comparisons was designed. The comparisons are performed between two different representations of a simulation with one representation considered valid and the other unknown. Using a simple framework has proven to be advantageous in several ways. One of the biggest advantages is that of portability for testing other software. Implementing standardized design patterns allows a degree of flexibility which keeps it from being bound to specific software. For output, the framework is designed to use the eXtensible Markup Language (XML). This results in the ability to publish results in several different formats, archive into a database, and maintain compatibility with other simulation outputs. The preliminary results of implementing this framework have proven promising. Using object-oriented design has not only simplified development but has allowed for a more user friendly approach to testing. Future improvements include user-customized test cases, ad hoc queries for archived results, and automatic test result publication. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, MC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-3,MS-T085, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 288 EP 296 DI 10.1117/12.542345 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700028 ER PT S AU Hummel, JR Bergenthal, JJ Seng, WF Moulton, JR Prager, SD AF Hummel, JR Bergenthal, JJ Seng, WF Moulton, JR Prager, SD BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Analysis of technical alternative technologies for the development of context-driven, composable environmental representations for JSB SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE environmental representation; terrain materials; sensor development; modeling and simulation AB The Joint Synthetic Battlespace for the Air Force (JSB-AF) is being developed to provide realistic representations of friendly and threat capabilities and the natural environmental conditions to support a variety of Department of Defense missions including training, mission rehearsal, decision support, acquisition, deployment, employment, operations, and the development of Courses of Action. This paper addresses three critical JSB issues associated with providing environmental representations to Modeling and Simulation (M&S) applications. First, how should the requirements for environmental functionality in a JSB-AF application be collected, analyzed, and used to defme an Authoritative Environmental Representation (AER)? Second, how can JSB-AF AERs be generated? Third, once an AER has been generated, how should it be "served up" to the JSB-AF components? Our analyses of these issues will be presented from a general M&S perspective.. with examples given from a JSB-AF centered view. In the context of this effort, the term "representations" is meant to incorporate both basic environmental "data" (e.g., temperature, pressure, slope, elevation, etc.) and "effects", properties that can be derived from these data using physics-based models or empirical relationship from the fundamental data (e.g., extinction coefficients, radiance, soil moisture strength, etc.) We present a state-of-the-art review of the existing processes and technologies that address these questions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hummel, JR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Prager, Steven/0000-0001-9830-7008 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.1117/12.554497 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700029 ER PT S AU Love, RJ Blachowicz, D Bragen, M Braun, M Burke, J Howard, D Macal, C Van Groningen, C Widing, M AF Love, RJ Blachowicz, D Bragen, M Braun, M Burke, J Howard, D Macal, C Van Groningen, C Widing, M BE Trevisani, DA Sisti, AF TI Integration and cooperation of army logistics simulations, for multiphased military deployments SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Simulation Science VIII CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE military; deployment; simulation; transportation; visualization; Java AB Military deployment planners and analysts must consider the constraints, options, and available infrastructure of a network of installations and ports, from the beginning of the transportation system in the United States to the end of the deployment in the host country. Argonne National Laboratory developed a suite of models that simulate and visualize these deployments. There are discrete event simulations (the Enhanced Logistics Intra-theater Support Tool, the Transportation System Capability model, and the Port Simulation model) as well as several data editing and visualization tools. This paper presents the models, and discusses how they interact and leverage their shared data and technologies, to facilitate deployment analysis. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Love, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,DIS-900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5346-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5423 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.1117/12.542636 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BAV93 UT WOS:000223848700044 ER PT S AU Greene, DL Hopson, JL Li, J AF Greene, DL Hopson, JL Li, J GP TRB TI Running out of and into oil - Analyzing global oil depletion and transition through 2050 SO ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS 2004 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 11-15, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, US Bur Transportat Stat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US FedTransit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res& Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA ID GAS DEPLETION; FORECASTS; RESOURCES AB A risk analysis is presented of the peaking of world conventional oil production and the likely transition to unconventional oil resources such as oil sands, heavy oil, and shale oil. Estimates of world oil resources by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and C. J. Campbell provide alternative views of ultimate world oil resources. A global energy scenario created by the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis and the World Energy Council provides the context for the risk analysis. A model of oil resource depletion and expansion for 12 world regions is combined with a market equilibrium model of conventional and unconventional oil supply and demand. The model does not use Hubbert curves. Key variables such as the quantity of undiscovered oil and rates of technological progress are treated as probability distributions, rather than constants. Analyses based on the USGS resource assessment indicate that conventional oil production outside the Middle East is likely to peak sometime between 2010 and 2030. Even if oil production does not peak before 2020, output of conventional oil is likely to increase at a substantially slower rate after that date. Analysis based on data produced by Campbell indicates that the peak of non-Middle East production will occur before 2010. Once world conventional oil production peaks, oil sands and heavy oil from Canada, Venezuela, and Russia and, later, shale oil from the United States must expand rapidly if total world consumption of petroleum fuels is to continue to increase. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Tennessee, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09476-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2004 IS 1880 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BBQ89 UT WOS:000227332500001 ER PT J AU Jones, DW Leiby, PN Paik, IK AF Jones, DW Leiby, PN Paik, IK TI Oil price shocks and the macroeconomy: What has been learned since 1996 SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MONETARY-POLICY MATTER; STOCK-MARKET; ECONOMIC-ACTIVITY; BUSINESS-CYCLE; CRUDE-OIL; ENERGY; UNEMPLOYMENT; FLUCTUATIONS; INCREASES; VARIABILITY AB This paper reports on developments in theoretical and empirical understanding of the macroeconomic consequences of oil price shocks since 1996, when the U.S. Department of Energy sponsored a workshop summarizing the state of understanding of the subject. Four major insights stand out. First, theoretical and empirical analyses point to intra- and intersectoral reallocations in response to shocks, generating asymmetric impacts for oil price increases and decreases. Second, the division of responsibility for post-oil-price shock recessions between monetary policy and oil price shocks, has leaned heavily toward oil price shocks. Third, parametric statistical techniques have identified a stable, nonlinear, relationship between of L price shocks and GDP from the late 1940s through the third quarter of 2001. Fourth, the magnitude of effect of an oil price shock on GDP, derived from impulse response functions of oil price shocks in the GDP equation of a VAR, is around -0.05 and -0.06 as an elasticity, spread over two years, where the shock threshold is a price change exceeding a three-year high. C1 RCF Econ & Financing Consulting Inc, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Jones, DW (reprint author), RCF Econ & Financing Consulting Inc, 333 N Michigan Ave,Ste 804, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. EM djones@rcfecon.com NR 76 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 28 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERGY J JI Energy J. PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 813QY UT WOS:000220922800001 ER PT J AU Hadsell, L Marathe, A Shawky, HA AF Hadsell, L Marathe, A Shawky, HA TI Estimating the volatility of wholesale electricity spot prices in the US SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STOCK RETURNS; MARKETS AB This paper examines the volatility of wholesale electricity prices for five US markets. Using data covering the period from May 1996 to September 2001, for the California-Oregon Border, Palo Verde, Cinergy, Entergy, and Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland markets, we examine the volatility of electricity wholesale prices over time and across markets. We estimate volatility using a TARCH model to study the differences among markets and the seasonal characteristics of each market. For all markets, we find strong evidence for a downward trend in the ARCH term and a significant negative asymmetric effect over the sample period. We also document important differences among the regional electricity markets not only with respect to wholesale price volatility and seasonal variations, but also with respect to asymmetric properties and persistence of volatility. C1 SUNY Albany, Sch Business, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hadsell, L (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Sch Business, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM hadsell@albany.edu; achla@lanl.gov; h.shawky@albany.edu NR 27 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERGY J JI Energy J. PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 23 EP 40 PG 18 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 862TY UT WOS:000224515200002 ER PT J AU Boyd, GA Roop, JM AF Boyd, GA Roop, JM TI A note on the fisher ideal index decomposition for structural change in energy intensity SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE ENERGY AB Index numbers have been used to decompose aggregate trends in energy intensity, i.e., the ratio of energy use to activity. By making a direct appeal to the theory underlying price index numbers used by the energy decomposition literature, this note proposes the chain weighted Fisher Ideal Index as a formula that solves the 'residual problem.' The connection to index number theory also allows us to illustrate that the measures of activity used to define energy intensity need not be additive across the sectors that are involved in the decomposition. We give an empirical example using recent U.S. manufacturing data of the Fisher Ideal Index, compared to the Tornqvist Divisia index, a popular index in the energy literature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Kennewick, WA 99336 USA. RP Boyd, GA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gboyd@anl.gov; joe.roop@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERGY J JI Energy J. PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 87 EP 101 PG 15 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 772HW UT WOS:000188837400005 ER PT J AU Cook, BK Noble, DR Williams, JR AF Cook, BK Noble, DR Williams, JR TI A direct simulation method for particle-fluid systems SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Discrete Element Methods CY SEP, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM DE fluid physics; simulation ID LATTICE-BOLTZMANN METHOD; PARTICULATE SUSPENSIONS; EQUATION; FLOWS AB A coupled numerical method for the direct simulation of particle fluid systems is formulated and implemented. The Navier-Stokes equations governing fluid flow are solved using the lattice Boltzmann method, while the equations of motion governing particles are solved with the discrete element method. Particle fluid coupling is realized through an immersed moving boundary condition. Particle forcing mechanisms represented in the model to at least the first-order include static and dynamic fluid-induced forces, and intergranular forces including particle collisions, static contacts, and cementation. The coupling scheme is validated through a comparison of simulation results with the analytical solution of cylindrical Couette flow. Simulation results for the fluid-induced erosive failure of a cemented particulate constriction are presented to demonstrate the capability of the method. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cook, BK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 22 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 151 EP 168 DI 10.1108/02644400410519721 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 855MA UT WOS:000223976200004 ER PT J AU Johnson, S Williams, JR Cook, B AF Johnson, S Williams, JR Cook, B TI Contact resolution algorithm for an ellipsoid approximation for discrete element modeling SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Discrete Element Methods CY SEP, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM DE computational geometry; modelling ID PACKING GENERATION SCHEME; GRANULAR ASSEMBLIES; PARTICLES AB The efficiency of a discrete element implementation relies on several factors, including the particle representation, neighbor-sorting algorithm, contact resolution, and force generation. The focus of this paper is on the four-arc approximation for an ellipsoid - a geometrical representation useful in simulations of large numbers of smoothly shaped particles. A new contact resolution algorithm based on the four-arc approximation is presented, which takes advantage of the properties of the geometry to provide favorable empirical convergence properties compared with the method proposed earlier. Special attention is given to the software implementation of the algorithm, and a discussion of the computational efficiency of the algorithm is provided. C1 MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Johnson, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 215 EP 234 DI 10.1108/02644400410519758 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 855MA UT WOS:000223976200007 ER PT J AU Williams, JR Perkins, E Cook, B AF Williams, JR Perkins, E Cook, B TI A contact algorithm for partitioning N arbitrary sized objects SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Discrete Element Methods CY SEP, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM DE particle physics; algorithmic languages AB A new spatial reasoning algorithm that can be used in multi-body contact detection is presented. The algorithm achieves the partitioning of N bodies of arbitrary shape and size into N lists in order O(N) operations, where each list consists of bodies spatially, near to the target object. The algorithm has been tested for objects of arbitrary shape and size, in two and three dimensions. However, we believe that it can be extended to dimensions of four and higher. The algorithm (CGRID) is a binning algorithm that extends traditional binning algorithms so that the arbitrary sizes and shapes can be handled efficiently. The algorithm has applications in discrete element, finite element, molecular dynamics, meshless methods, and lattice-Boltzmann codes and also in domains such as path planning, target acquisition and general clustering problems. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. IBM Watson Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, JR (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 235 EP 248 DI 10.1108/02644400410519767 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 855MA UT WOS:000223976200008 ER PT J AU Morris, JP Rubin, MB Blair, SC Glenn, LA Heuze, FE AF Morris, JP Rubin, MB Blair, SC Glenn, LA Heuze, FE TI Simulations of underground structures subjected to dynamic loading using the distinct element method SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Discrete Element Methods CY SEP, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM DE dynamic loading; geology; simulation ID COSSERAT POINT; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; CONTINUUM PROBLEMS; POLYHEDRAL BLOCKS; JOINTED ROCK; DEFORMATION; MODEL; FORMULATION AB We present the preliminary results from a parameter study investigating the stability of underground structures in response to explosion-induced strong ground motions. In practice, even the most sophisticated site characterization may lack key details regarding precise joint properties and orientations within the rock mass. Thus, in order to place bounds upon the predicted behavior of a given facility, an extensive series of simulations representing different realizations may be required. The influence of both construction parameters (reinforcement, rock bolts, liners) and geological parameters (joint stiffness, joint spacing and orientation, and tunnel diameter to block size ratio) must be considered. We discuss the distinct element method (DEM) with particular emphasis on techniques for achieving improved computational efficiency, including the handling of contact detection and approaches to parallelization. We introduce a new approach for simulating deformation of the discrete blocks using the theory of a Cosserat point, which does not require internal discretization of the blocks. We also outline the continuum techniques we employ to obtain boundary conditions for the distinct element simulations. We present results from simulations of dynamic loading of several generic subterranean facilities in hard rock, demonstrating the suitability of the DEM for this application. These results demonstrate the significant role that joint geometry plays in determining the response of a given facility. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. RP Morris, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. NR 44 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 384 EP 408 DI 10.1108/02644400410519848 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 855MA UT WOS:000223976200016 ER PT J AU Owen, SJ Shephard, MS AF Owen, SJ Shephard, MS TI Special issue: 4th symposium on trends in unstructured mesh generation - Preface SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. RP Owen, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sjowen@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 175 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s00366-004-0297-z PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 862VB UT WOS:000224518200001 ER PT J AU Lipnikov, K Vassilevski, Y AF Lipnikov, K Vassilevski, Y TI On control of adaptation in parallel mesh generation SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Trends in Unstructured Mesh Generation CY JUL 27-31, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM DE tetrahedral meshes; adaptation; parallel algorithms ID ERROR; OPTIMIZATION AB A black-box methodology of a parallel generation of adaptive anisotropic meshes is described. A control of mesh adaptation, important for robustness and flexibility, may effect parallel properties of the methodology. This is demonstrated with a 3D example. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Lipnikov, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lipnikov@lanl.gov RI Vassilevski, Yuri/A-6068-2016 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1007/s00366-004-0287-1 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 862VB UT WOS:000224518200004 ER PT J AU White, DR Saigal, S Owen, SJ AF White, DR Saigal, S Owen, SJ TI CCSweep: automatic decomposition of multi-sweep volumes SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Trends in Unstructured Mesh Generation CY JUL 27-31, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM DE multi-sweep; sweeping; mesh generation; hexahedral; volume decomposition ID HEXAHEDRAL MESH GENERATION; ALGORITHM AB CCSweep is a new method to automatically decompose multi-sweepable volumes into many-to-one sweepable volumes. Multi-sweepable volumes contain both multiple source and multiple target faces. In hexahedral mesh generation, most sweeping techniques handle many-to-one sweepable volumes that contain multiple source faces, but they are limited to volumes with only a single target face. Recent proposals to solve the multi-sweep problem have several disadvantages, including: indeterminate edge sizing or interval matching constraints, over-dependence on input mesh discretization, loop Boolean restrictions on creating only loops with even numbers of nodes, and unstable loop imprinting when interior holes exist. These problems are overcome through CCSweep. CCSweep decomposes multi-sweep volumes into many-to-one sweepable sub-volumes by projecting the target faces through the volume onto corresponding source faces. The projected faces are imprinted with the source faces to determine the decomposition of the solid. Interior faces are created to decompose the volume into separate new volumes. The new volumes have only single target faces and are represented in the meshing system as real, solid geometry, enabling them to be automatically meshed using existing many-to-one hexahedral sweeping approaches. The results of successful application of CCSweep to a number of problems are shown in this paper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP White, DR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0822,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM drwhite@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 222 EP 236 DI 10.1007/s00366-004-0290-6 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 862VB UT WOS:000224518200007 ER PT J AU Quadros, WR Shimada, K Owen, SJ AF Quadros, WR Shimada, K Owen, SJ TI Skeleton-based computational method for the generation of a 3D finite element mesh sizing function SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Trends in Unstructured Mesh Generation CY JUL 27-31, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM DE finite element mesh sizing function; skeleton; medial axis transform; octree ID ADVANCING-FRONT METHOD; UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; OCTREE TECHNIQUE; TRANSFORM AB This paper focuses on the generation of a three-dimensional (3D) mesh sizing function for geometry-adaptive finite element (FE) meshing. The mesh size at a point in the domain of a solid depends on the geometric complexity of the solid. This paper proposes a set of tools that are sufficient to measure the geometric complexity of a solid. Discrete skeletons of the input solid and its surfaces are generated, which are used as tools to measure the proximity between geometric entities and feature size. The discrete skeleton and other tools, which are used to measure the geometric complexity, generate source points that determine the size and local sizing function at certain points in the domain of the solid. An octree lattice is used to store the sizing function as it reduces the meshing time. The size at every lattice-node is calculated by interpolating the size of the source points. The algorithm has been tested on many industrial models, and it can be extended to consider other non-geometric factors that influence the mesh size, such as physics, boundary conditions, etc. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Quadros, WR (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM wrq@cmu.edu NR 45 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 249 EP 264 DI 10.1007/s00366-004-0292-4 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 862VB UT WOS:000224518200009 ER PT J AU Garimella, RV Shashkov, MJ AF Garimella, RV Shashkov, MJ TI Polygonal surface mesh optimization SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Trends in Unstructured Mesh Generation CY JUL 27-31, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM DE polygonal surface mesh; element quality; Jacobian condition number; reference Jacobian matrices ID PARAMETRIZATION; TRIANGULATIONS; STRATEGIES; QUALITY AB A procedure has been developed to improve polygonal surface mesh quality while maintaining the essential characteristics of the discrete surface. The surface characteristics are preserved by repositioning mesh vertices so that they remain on the original discrete surface. The repositioning is performed in a series of triangular-facet-based local parametric spaces. The movement of the mesh vertices is driven by a nonlinear numerical optimization process. Two optimization approaches are described, one which improves the quality of elements as much as possible and the other which improves element quality but also keeps the new mesh as close as possible to the original mesh. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rao@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 EI 1435-5663 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s00366-004-0293-3 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 862VB UT WOS:000224518200010 ER PT J AU Tautges, TJ AF Tautges, TJ TI MOAB-SD: integrated structured and unstructured mesh representation SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Trends in Unstructured Mesh Generation CY JUL 27-31, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM DE structured; semi-structured; mesh; finite difference; finite element AB Structured and semi-structured (a.k.a. swept or extruded) hexahedral meshes are used in many types of engineering analysis. In finite element analysis, regions of structured and semi-structured mesh are often connected in an unstructured manner, preventing the use of a globally consistent parametric space to represent these meshes. This paper describes a method for mapping between the parametric spaces of such regions, and methods for representing these regions and interfaces between them. Using these methods, a 57% reduction in mesh storage cost is demonstrated, without loss of any information. These methods have been implemented in the MOAB mesh database component, which provides access to these meshes from both structured and unstructured functions. The total cost for representing structured mesh in MOAB is less than 25 MB per million elements using double-precision vertex coordinates; this is only slightly larger than the space required to store vertex coordinates alone. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tautges, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjtautg@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s00366-004-0296-0 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 862VB UT WOS:000224518200012 ER PT S AU Cowell, AJ May, R Cramer, N AF Cowell, AJ May, R Cramer, N BE Rauterberg, M TI The human-information workspace (HI-Space): Ambient table top entertainment SO ENTERTAINMENT COMPUTING - ICEC 2004 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Entertainment Computing (ICEC 2004) CY SEP 01-03, 2004 CL Tech Univ, Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS SP Tech Univ, Dept Ind Design, JF Schouten Sch User Syst Interact Res, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Netherlands Org Sci Res, European Res Consortium Informat & Math, Innovat Oriented Res Program Human Machine Interact HO Tech Univ AB This paper introduces the Human Information Workspace (HI-Space) as a test-bed for evaluating new information exploration mechanisms. In moving from dated interaction devices and small computer monitors, we aim to utilize more natural surfaces such as tables and walls as our interaction space. In testing our theories, we have produced a number of gaming applications as test cases. Here, we report on our most popular application, Virtual Hockey. C1 Pacific NE Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cowell, AJ (reprint author), Pacific NE Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM andrew@pnl.gov; richard.may@pnl.gov; nick@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22947-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3166 BP 101 EP 107 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV52 UT WOS:000223793600013 ER PT B AU Chen, EP AF Chen, EP BE Sih, GC Tu, ST Wang, ZD TI Fracture mechanics research activities at Sandia/California: an overview SO ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON FRACTURE AND DAMAGE SE Fracture Mechanics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fracture Mechanics Symposium CY SEP 09-12, 2004 CL Huangshan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Zhejiang Univ Technol, E China Univ Sci & Technol, Nanjing Univ Technol, Jiangsu Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE fracture; failure; continuum mechanics; atomistic simulation; coupled mechanics AB An overview of the fracture mechanics research activities in the Science-Based Materials Modelling Department at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore, California is presented. The main mission driver for the work is the development of predictive modelling and simulation capabilities in the post-failure regime of materials responses. Presentation will highlight research accomplishments in several specific areas of current interest. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Based Mat Modelling Dept, Livermore, CA USA. RP Chen, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Based Mat Modelling Dept, Livermore, CA USA. EM chen_erping@yahoo.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ZHEJIANG UNIV PRESS PI HANGZHOU PA YUGU ROAD 20,, HANGZHOU, ZHEJIANG 310027, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-900674-55-1 J9 FRACTURE MECH SYMP PY 2004 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA BBB98 UT WOS:000224616400006 ER PT J AU Coleman, M Marchetti, F Nelson, D Peterson, LE Yin, E Tucker, JD Wyrobek, AJ AF Coleman, M Marchetti, F Nelson, D Peterson, LE Yin, E Tucker, JD Wyrobek, AJ TI Low-dose irradiation prior to a challenge dose alters the mRNA transcript profiles of human lymphoblastoid cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Urol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 MA 30 BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 852MF UT WOS:000223758700032 ER PT J AU Felton, JS Knize, MG Malfatti, M Lau, E Colvin, M Hatch, F Lightstone, F AF Felton, JS Knize, MG Malfatti, M Lau, E Colvin, M Hatch, F Lightstone, F TI Factors determining mutagenic potency SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 MA 52 BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 852MF UT WOS:000223758700054 ER PT J AU Pluth, JM Zahed, KH Campeau, E Cooper, PK AF Pluth, JM Zahed, KH Campeau, E Cooper, PK TI Further defining protein-protein interactions between two multi-functional human DNA repair proteins, xeroderma pigmentosum-G and poly(adpribose) polymerase. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 MA 136 BP 220 EP 220 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 852MF UT WOS:000223758700142 ER PT J AU Sarker, AH Tsutakawa, SE Kostek, S Hazra, T Ng, C Nogales, E Cooper, PK AF Sarker, AH Tsutakawa, SE Kostek, S Hazra, T Ng, C Nogales, E Cooper, PK TI Interaction of TCR and BER proteins with stalled RNA polymerase II: Implications for transcription-coupled repair. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Mol Sci & Human Biol Chem & Genet, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 MA 148 BP 224 EP 224 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 852MF UT WOS:000223758700155 ER PT J AU Schmid, TE Baumgartner, A Marchetti, F Young, S Anderson, D Eskenazi, B Wyrobek, AJ AF Schmid, TE Baumgartner, A Marchetti, F Young, S Anderson, D Eskenazi, B Wyrobek, AJ TI Increased levels of single-strand DNA breakage and alkali-labile sites but not double strand breaks in sperm of older men. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bradford, Dept Biomed Sci, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. RI Anderson, Diana/J-6472-2015 OI Anderson, Diana/0000-0001-9673-0398 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 MA 150 BP 224 EP 224 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 852MF UT WOS:000223758700157 ER PT J AU Tainer, JA AF Tainer, JA TI Structural biology of recombination repair SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 MA 173A BP 230 EP 230 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 852MF UT WOS:000223758700182 ER PT J AU Wyrobek, AJ Coleman, MA Nelson, D Krishnan, K Furtado, M Hill, F Marchetti, F Manohar, C Tucker, JD AF Wyrobek, AJ Coleman, MA Nelson, D Krishnan, K Furtado, M Hill, F Marchetti, F Manohar, C Tucker, JD TI Transcriptome profiling of dose response in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to ionizing radiation SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BBRP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Appl Biosyst Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 MA 200 BP 237 EP 237 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 852MF UT WOS:000223758700210 ER PT S AU Hollenberg, G Bagaassen, L Tonn, D Kurosky, R Carty, W AF Hollenberg, G Bagaassen, L Tonn, D Kurosky, R Carty, W BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Scale-up of lithium aluminate pellet manufacturing with a flowable powder SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Thin-walled, high-density lithium aluminate pellets are challenging to manufacture for nuclear reactor applications. The key to scale-up of production was the development of flowable, high density, lithium aluminate powder that permitted (1) automated isostatic pressing, (2) low compaction during pressing, (3) low shrinkage during firing, (4) elimination of chlorine-containing fumed alumina and (5) near-net shape forming. A triple spray drying process was developed that included: (I) a unique-feedstock blend cycle, (II) a post-calcination grinding cycle, and (III) a high-pH final cycle with high solids loading slurry that was spray dried into flowable high-density spheres with large, uniform diameters. Today, pellet manufacturing at a rate of more than 400,000 per year is possible. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hollenberg, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 41 EP 54 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900005 ER PT S AU Bickford, DF AF Bickford, DF BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Laboratory measurements of glass melting rate SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID MELTERS AB The Department of Energy has operated High Level Waste immobilization glass melters at the Savannah River Site and the West Valley Demonstration Project, and is constructing High and Low Level Waste melting facilities at the Hanford Site. Glass production rates are a critical parameter in both construction and operational costs, since they drive the, scale of related equipment and determine the facility operational lifetime required to vitrify current inventories. During the initial stages of waste glass process development large-scale melters were available and were operated to demonstrate design construction details. At Savannah River small pilot scale melters and melt rate testing furnaces have replaced this experimental function for glass batch development and demonstration of evolutionary enhancements to melter operation. The smaller scale operations permit more economical testing, have lower fixed costs, and permit rapid testing with smaller quantities of experimental feed. For example, matrices of tests can be conducted for statistical process modeling that would not be practical with larger systems. This paper discusses the philosophy of simulating production melting in the laboratory with ties to engineering studies of glass production, and some examples of critical parameters that have been tested. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Bickford, DF (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 57 EP 68 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900006 ER PT S AU Jantzen, CM Koopman, DC Herman, CC Pickett, JB Zamecnik, JR AF Jantzen, CM Koopman, DC Herman, CC Pickett, JB Zamecnik, JR BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Electron equivalents redox model for high level waste vitrification SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID GLASS AB Control of the REDuction/OXidation (REDOX) state in High Level waste (HLW) glass melters is critical in order to eliminate the formation of metallic species from overly reduced melts while minimizing foaming from overly oxidized melts. To date, formates, nitrates, and manganic (Mn+4 and Mn+3) species in the melter feeds going to the Savannah River Site (SRS) Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) have been the major parameters influencing melt REDOX. The sludge being processed for inclusion in the next DWPF Sludge Batch (SB-3) contains several organic components that are considered non-typical of DWPF sludge to date, e.g., oxalates and coal. A mechanistic REDOX model was developed to balance any reductants (e.g., oxalate, coal, sugar, formates) and any oxidants (e.g., nitrates, nitrites, and manganic species) for any HLW melter feed. The model is represented by the number of electrons gained during reduction of an oxidant or lost during oxidation of a reductant. The overall relationship between the REDOX ratio of the final glass and the melter feed is given in terms of the transfer of molar Electron Equivalents, xi. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 79 EP 91 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900008 ER PT S AU Hrma, P Vienna, JD Ricklefs, JS AF Hrma, P Vienna, JD Ricklefs, JS BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Sulfate retention during waste glass melting SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Sulfate segregation significantly increases the cost for vitrifying low-activity waste (LAW) and, therefore, is a major concern in vitrifying sulfate-rich LAWs. The fraction of sulfate that is not dissolved during early stages of melting is transported in gas bubbles to the glass surface, where it remains segregated. Tests with crucible melts and runs of experimental melters of various scales indicate that the physicochemical makeup of an LAW feed, LAW glass formulation, and melter design and operation can be optimized to increase SO3 retention in glass. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hrma, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 93 EP 99 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900009 ER PT S AU Smith, ME Miller, DH AF Smith, ME Miller, DH BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Summary of results from 786-A Minimelter run with macrobatch 3 (sludge batch 2) baseline feed using Frit 320 SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB During the vitrification of high level waste at the Savannah River Site's Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Melter, melt rates have never consistently achieved the design basis of 103 kg/hr. Frit 200 has been the frit added to the high level waste sludge to make the waste glass since radioactive operations were begun. Frit 200 was used as it was expected that coupled feed (sludge and salt solution) operations were going to begin soon after DWPF was started. Since unforeseen problems in processing the salt solution are now delaying for several years the addition of the salt solution that contains additional alkalies (which helps increase melt rate), a program was initiated to develop a new sludge-only frit. Lab scale tests led to the development of Frit 320 (higher alkali content than Frit 200) and the conclusion that this frit would substantially increase the DWPF melt rate and produce an acceptable final glass waste form. The final verification that Frit 320 increased melt rate were larger scale melter tests using Frit 200 and Frit 320 in the 786-A Mini-Melter. This paper discusses the results of these Mini-Melter tests. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Smith, ME (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Bldg 773-42A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 111 EP 120 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900011 ER PT S AU Guerrero, HN Bickford, DF AF Guerrero, HN Bickford, DF BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Numerical models of waste glass melters part I - Lumped parameter analyses of DWPF SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Defense Waste Processing Facility melter production data from three waste batches were analyzed using a lumped parameter approach which separates effects of melter feed, heater temperature, and power on melt rate under various modes of operation. A detailed distribution of power inputs and heat consumption pathways, as provided by the lumped parameter model, evaluated possible causes of melt rate reduction and other operational data. Theoretical aspects of the steady state analysis, as well as transient analysis, are presented. The lumped model complements the more detailed multi-dimensional computational models by providing boundary conditions for such models, and is the only practical way of predicting transients. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Guerrero, HN (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 121 EP 130 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900012 ER PT S AU Guerrero, HN Bickford, DF Naseri-Neshat, H AF Guerrero, HN Bickford, DF Naseri-Neshat, H BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Numerical models of waste glass melters part II - Computational modeling of DWPF SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Computational fluid-dynamics numerical models are developed for joule-heated slurry fed waste glass melters, such as the Defense Waste Processing Facility Melter. An important feature of the analyses is the simulation of the cold cap region with its thermally resistant foamy layer. Using a simplified model which describes the foam void fraction as a function of temperature, based on laboratory sample testing, characteristic features of the cold cap are simulated. Two- and three-dimensional models are presented. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Guerrero, HN (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 131 EP 141 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900013 ER PT S AU Fort, JA Lessor, DL AF Fort, JA Lessor, DL BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Tailored electrical driving as a means of controlling heat distribution and convection patterns in joule-heated waste glass melters SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB In electrically heated glass melters, favorable convection patterns may mitigate gas layer buildup under the unmelted "cold cap", enhance heat transfer to the batch, and possibly accelerate batch reactions, thereby increasing melt rate and. glass throughput. Favorable control of convection patterns may also improve homogenization, avoid cold spots, and provide other operational benefits. Convective patterns in an electrically heated melter are strongly influenced by Joule heat distribution and thermal boundary conditions for a given melter design and geometry. Electrical driving control, in particular, interactive control of electrical potentials connected to distinct electrode pairs, can be used to vary the Joule heat generation. One parameter affecting the Joule heat distribution is the "overlap" of the driving voltages waveforms. The "overlap" due to harmonic driving is determined by the relative phase. For electrical driving using waveforms chopped by Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs), the chopping influences the "overlap." Our study demonstrates with a model that tailored electrical driving is a means to control heat distribution and convection patterns in joule-heated waste glass melters. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fort, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900014 ER PT S AU Herman, CC Bickford, DF Peeler, DK Goles, R Vienna, JD Aloy, A Stefanovsky, S Gombert, D Richardson, J AF Herman, CC Bickford, DF Peeler, DK Goles, R Vienna, JD Aloy, A Stefanovsky, S Gombert, D Richardson, J BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Cold crucible induction-heated melter test results with surrogate DOE high-level wastes SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The Department of Energy (DOE) is evaluating Cold Crucible Induction-Heated Melter (CCIM) technology for the immobilization of High Level Waste (HLW). HLW contains a varied array of chemical compounds, a number of which can limit the waste loading or cause operating difficulties with melt rate or equipment corrosion. Therefore, the DOE could benefit through the use of advanced melters that allow for increased waste throughput and longer life. The CCIM has the potential to increase waste loading and throughput through increased melt temperature and to increase melter life by minimizing melter material corrosion. However, using a technology that has not been extensively tested in the United States or on DOE wastes involves significant risks that need to be addressed and successfully resolved before applicability is considered in DOE waste treatment facilities. Some of the risks include: service life of melter materials; ability to accommodate electrically conductive noble metal fission products; power requirements and control stability (with slurry feeding and secondary phases); ability to meet production rate goals with liquid feed; ability to increase waste loading and adequately treat offgas emissions. To try to address these issues, DOE contracted two Russian Institutes, Khlopin Radium Institute and SIA Radon, to perform testing with DOE high level wastes simulants. The results of the initial testing with Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and Hanford HLW surrogates will be presented. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Herman, CC (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, POB 808, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 239 EP 248 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900022 ER PT S AU Crawford, CL Schumacher, RF Ferrara, DM Bibler, NE AF Crawford, CL Schumacher, RF Ferrara, DM Bibler, NE BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Crucible-scale vitrification studies with Hanford tank AZ-102 high sulfate-containing low activity waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A proof-of-technology demonstration for the Hanford River Protection Project (RPP) Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) was performed by the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) at the Savannah River Site (SRS). As part of this demonstration, treated AZ-102 Low-Activity Waste (LAW) supernatant was vitrified using a crucible-scale furnace. Samples from the low-activity AZ-102 glass waste form were characterized for metals and radionuclides. The glass was also leach-tested using the ASTM Product Consistency Test (PCT) protocol and USEPA Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). These tests used the AZ-102 glass formulation LAWB88 that targeted AZ-102 waste loading at 5 wt% Na2O. The purpose of this report is to document the characterization and leach testing of this AZ-102 glass that was both initially rapidly cooled and later remelted and canister centerline cooled. Previous crucible-scale vitrification testing with pretreated AZ-102 at SRTC had resulted in a product LAW glass with crystalline surface material. That previous testing used a former glass formulation (LAWB53). Thus, another significant goal of this present work was to investigate the influence of reformulating the glass recipe on crystalline formation in the product glass. The glass produced in this present study using glass formulation (LAWB88) was first rapidly quenched and analyzed. Latter testing involved remelting of the AZ-102 glass followed by simulated canister centerline cooling. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Crawford, CL (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, 773-41A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900023 ER PT S AU Vienna, JD Kim, DS Schweiger, MJ Hrma, P Matyas, J Crum, JV Smith, DE AF Vienna, JD Kim, DS Schweiger, MJ Hrma, P Matyas, J Crum, JV Smith, DE BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Preliminary glass development and testing for In-Container Vitrification of Hanford low-activity waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vienna, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900024 ER PT S AU Kim, DS Vienna, JD AF Kim, DS Vienna, JD BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Glass composition-TCLP response model for waste glasses SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A first-order property model for normalized Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) release as a function of glass composition was developed with data collected from various studies. The normalized boron release is used to estimate the release of toxic elements based on the observation that the boron release represents the conservative release for those constituents of interest. The current TCLP model has two targeted application areas: (1) delisting of wasteglass product as radioactive (not mixed) waste and (2) designating the glass wastes generated from waste-glass research activities as hazardous or nonhazardous. This paper describes the data collection and model development for TCLP releases and discusses the issues related to the application of the model. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, DS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 297 EP 305 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900028 ER PT S AU Jantzen, CM AF Jantzen, CM BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Characterization and performance of Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) product as a final waste form SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A demonstration of Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) was recently completed on a Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW) simulant. This technology produced stable mineral phases (feldspathoids) when co-fired with clay. The mineral phases are cage structured and were determined to retain anions such as SW as well as cations such as Re (simulant for Tc) in the mineral cages. The mineral phases are produced at moderate steam reformer operating temperatures between 650-750degreesC. The FBSR mineral waste form exhibited incongruent leaching characteristics during Product Consistency Testing (PCT or ASTM C1285). The radionuclides (Cs-133 and Re as simulants for Cs-137 and Tc-99) are released in significantly lower concentrations than Na. In addition, the Na release is less than the 2 g/m(2) Hanford contract requirement for vitrified LAW. FBSR mineral waste forms are EPA regulatory compliant at the Universal Treatment Standard (UTS) making delisting an attractive option for this waste form. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 319 EP 329 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900030 ER PT S AU Jue, JF Frank, SM O'Holleran, TP Barber, TL Johnson, SG Goff, KM Sinkler, W AF Jue, JF Frank, SM O'Holleran, TP Barber, TL Johnson, SG Goff, KM Sinkler, W BE Vienna, JD Spearing, DR TI Aging behavior of a sodalite based ceramic waste form SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC & NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IX SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Science and Technology in Addressing Environmental Issues in the Ceramic Industry/Ceramic Science and Technology for the Nuclear Industry Symposia CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; AMORPHIZATION; IRRADIATION; GLASSES; DEFECTS; FUEL AB A sodalite based ceramic waste form is one of the end products of a pyroprocess developed by Argonne National Laboratory to treat metallic spent nuclear fuel from-the EBR-II reactor for permanent storage. The sodalite based ceramic waste form contains a small quantity of actinides as well as fission products. In order to predict long-term degradation behavior of the sodalite based ceramic waste form in a repository, a short-lived actinide, (238)pu (half-life is 87.7 years), was loaded into the ceramic waste form to accelerate the alpha-damaging process. The Pu-238-doped ceramic waste form was fabricated by uniaxial hot pressing. The consolidated sodalite based ceramic waste form was subjected to aging for four years. The change in microstructure due to radiation damage was characterized periodically during the aging process using electron microscopy. Alpha-decay damage did not amorphize sodalite and actinide-bearing phases after four years of aging. No microcracks were found in the aged samples. Occasionally, bubbles and voids were found. These bubbles and voids are interpreted as pre-existing defects. However, some contribution to these bubbles and voids from helium gas cannot be ruled out. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Jue, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RI Frank, Steven/B-9046-2017 OI Frank, Steven/0000-0001-8259-6722 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-209-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 BP 361 EP 369 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAF64 UT WOS:000222026900034 ER PT J AU Hargrove, WW Hoffman, FM AF Hargrove, WW Hoffman, FM TI Potential of multivariate quantitative methods for delineation and visualization of ecoregions SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE clustering; climate change; ecotone; environmental envelope; fences; gradient; network; niche; preserve design; range; representativeness; similarity; time series ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; HABITAT-SUITABILITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NEW-ZEALAND; SPATIAL PREDICTION; ABSENCE DATA; CLASSIFICATION; MAPS; REGIONS AB Multivariate clustering based on fine spatial resolution maps of elevation, temperature, precipitation, soil characteristics, and solar inputs has been used at several specified levels of division to produce a spectrum of quantitative ecoregion maps for the conterminous United States. The coarse ecoregion divisions accurately capture intuitively-understood regional environmental differences, whereas the finer divisions highlight local condition gradients, ecotones, and clines. Such statistically generated ecoregions can be produced based on user-selected continuous variables, allowing customized regions to be delineated for any specific problem. By creating an objective ecoregion classification, the ecoregion concept is removed from the limitations of human subjectivity, making possible a new array of ecologically useful derivative products. A red-green-blue visualization based on principal components analysis of ecoregion centroids indicates with color the relative combination of environmental conditions found within each ecoregion. Multiple geographic areas can be classified into a single common set of quantitative ecoregions to provide a basis for comparison, or maps of a single area through time can be classified to portray climatic or environmental changes geographically in terms of current conditions. Quantified representativeness can characterize borders between ecoregions as gradual, sharp, or of changing character along their length. Similarity of any ecoregion to all other ecoregions can be quantified and displayed as a "representativeness" map. The representativeness of an existing spatial array of sample locations or study sites can be mapped relative to a set of quantitative ecoregions, suggesting locations for additional samples or sites. In addition, the shape of Hutchinsonian niches in environment space can be defined if a multivariate range map of species occurrence is available. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hargrove, WW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,MS 6407, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hnw@fire.esd.ornl.gov RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012 OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134 NR 74 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PY 2004 VL 34 SU 1 BP S39 EP S60 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-1084-0 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 915VU UT WOS:000228340200004 PM 15883870 ER PT J AU Ho, CK Arnold, BW Cochran, JR Taira, RY Pelton, MA AF Ho, CK Arnold, BW Cochran, JR Taira, RY Pelton, MA TI A probabilistic model and software tool for evaluating the longterm performance of landfill covers SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE probabilistic; performance; cover; cap; sensitivity; uncertainty ID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES; BARRIER AB A probabilistic model and software tool has been developed to assist in the selection, design, and monitoring of long-term covers for contaminated subsurface sites. The software platform contains multiple modules that can be used to simulate relevant features, events, and processes that include water flux through the cover, source-term release, vadose-zone transport, saturated-zone transport, gas transport, and exposure pathways. The component models are integrated into a probabilistic total-system performance-assessment model within a drag-and-drop software platform. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses can be conducted that yield the following primary benefits: (1) quantification of uncertainty in the simulated performance metrics; (2) identification of parameters most important to performance; and (3) comparison of alternative designs to optimize cost and performance. A case study has been performed using the Monticello Mill Tailings Site in Utah to illustrate the important features and benefits of the modeling approach and software. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 63 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00111-7 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 761JD UT WOS:000187897000008 ER PT J AU Quinn, NWT Brekke, LD Miller, NL Heinzer, T Hidalgo, H Dracup, JA AF Quinn, NWT Brekke, LD Miller, NL Heinzer, T Hidalgo, H Dracup, JA TI Model integration for assessing future hydroclimate impacts on water resources, agricultural production and environmental quality in the San Joaquin Basin, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the Congress-of-Neurological-Surgeons CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Congress Neurol Surg DE climate change; water resources; modeling; impact assessment ID CLIMATE AB The US National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change provides compelling arguments for action and adaptive measures to help mitigate water resource, agricultural production and environmental quality impacts of future climate chan-e. National resource planning at this scale can benefit by the development of integrated impact analysis toolboxes that allow linkage and integration of hydroclimate models, surface and groundwater hydrologic models, economic and environmental impact models and techniques for social impact assessment. Simulation models used in an assessment of climate change impacts on water resources, agriculture and environmental quality in the San Joaquin Basin of California are described in this paper as well as the challenges faced in linking the component models within an impacts assessment toolbox. Results from simulations performed with several of the tools in the impacts assessment toolbox are presented and discussed. After initially attempting model integration with the public domain. GIS-based modeling framework Modular Modeling System/Object User Interface (MMS/OUI), frustration with the framework's lack of flexibility to handle monthly timestep models prompted development of a common geodatabase to allow linkage of model input and output for the linked simulation models. A GIS-based data browser was also developed that works with both network flow models and makes calls to a model post-processor that shows model output for each selected node in each model network. This data and output browser system is flexible and can readily accommodate future changes in the model network configuration and in the model database. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst Environ Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Quinn, NWT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nwquinn@lbl.gov RI Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010; Quinn, Nigel/G-2407-2015; OI Quinn, Nigel/0000-0003-3333-4763; Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00155-5 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 805EB UT WOS:000220348500008 ER PT J AU Toose, L Woodfine, DG MacLeod, M Mackay, D Gouin, J AF Toose, L Woodfine, DG MacLeod, M Mackay, D Gouin, J TI BETR-World: a geographically explicit model of chemical fate: application to transport of alpha-HCH to the Arctic SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE model; global; alpha-HCH; long-range transport; fugacity ID TECHNICAL HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE USAGE; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION MODEL; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NORTH-AMERICA; ENVIRONMENT; AIR; SEA; ORGANOCHLORINES; SIMULATION AB The Berkeley-Trent (BETR)-World model, a 25 compartment, geographically explicit fugacity-based model is described and applied to evaluate the transport of chemicals from temperate source regions to receptor regions (such as the Arctic). The model was parameterized using GIS and an array of digital data on weather, oceans, freshwater, vegetation and geo-political boundaries. This version of the BETR model framework includes modification of atmospheric degradation rates by seasonally variable hydroxyl radical concentrations and temperature. Degradation rates in all other compartments vary with seasonally changing temperature. Deposition to the deep ocean has been included as a loss mechanism. A case study was undertaken for alpha-HCH. Dynamic emission scenarios were estimated for each of the 25 regions. Predicted environmental concentrations showed good agreement with measured values for the northern regions in air, and fresh and oceanic water and with the results from a previous model of global chemical fate. Potential for long-range transport and deposition to the Arctic region was assessed using a Transfer Efficiency combined with estimated emissions. European regions and the Orient including China have a high potential to contribute alpha-HCH contamination in the Arctic due to high rates of emission in these regions despite low Transfer Efficiencies. Sensitivity analyses reveal that the performance and reliability of the model is strongly influenced by parameters controlling degradation rates. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Trent Univ, Canadian Environm Modelling Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mackay, D (reprint author), Trent Univ, Canadian Environm Modelling Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM dmackay@trentu.ca RI MacLeod, Matthew/D-5919-2013 OI MacLeod, Matthew/0000-0003-2562-7339 NR 48 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.037 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 776QG UT WOS:000189127500016 PM 14667730 ER PT J AU MacLeod, M Mackay, D AF MacLeod, M Mackay, D TI Modeling transport and deposition of contaminants to ecosystems of concern: a case study for the Laurentian Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE POPs; long range transport; Great Lakes; BETR North America ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; MULTIMEDIA MODELS; PERSISTENCE; VEGETATION; POLLUTANTS; SCALE; BETR AB Transfer efficiency (TE) is introduced as a model output that can be used to characterize the relative ability of chemicals to be transported in the environment and deposited to specific target ecosystems. We illustrate this concept by applying the Berkeley-Trent North American contaminant fate model (BETR North America) to identify organic chemicals with properties that result in efficient atmospheric transport and deposition to the Laurentian Great Lakes. By systematically applying the model to hypothetical organic chemicals that span a wide range of environmental partitioning properties, we identify combinations of properties that favor efficient transport and deposition to the Lakes. Five classes of chemicals are identified based on dominant transport and deposition pathways, and specific examples of chemicals in each class are identified and discussed. The role of vegetation in scavenging chemicals from the atmosphere is assessed, and found to have a negligible influence on transfer efficiency to the Great Lakes. Results indicate chemicals with octanol-water (K-ow) and air-water (K-aw) partition coefficients in the range of 10(5)-10(7) and 10(-4)-10(-1) combine efficient transport and deposition to the Great Lakes with potential for biaccumulation in the aquatic food web once they are deposited. A method of estimating the time scale for atmospheric transport and deposition process is suggested, and the effects of degrading reactions in the atmosphere and meteorological conditions on transport efficiency of different classes of chemicals are discussed. In total, this approach provides a method of identifying chemicals that are subject to long-range transport and deposition to specific target ecosystems as a result of their partitioning and persistence characteristics. Supported by an appropriate contaminant fate model, the approach can be applied to any target ecosystem of concern. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Trent Univ, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Peterborough, ON K9L 1Z7, Canada. RP MacLeod, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmacleod@lbl.gov RI MacLeod, Matthew/D-5919-2013 OI MacLeod, Matthew/0000-0003-2562-7339 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 241 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.029 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 776QG UT WOS:000189127500017 PM 14667731 ER PT J AU Prevedouros, K MacLeod, M Jones, KC Sweetman, AJ AF Prevedouros, K MacLeod, M Jones, KC Sweetman, AJ TI Modelling the fate of persistent organic pollutants in Europe: parameterisation of a gridded distribution model SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE POPs; European distribution model; fugacity; steady-state; gamma-HCH ID CHARACTERISTIC TRAVEL DISTANCE; HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; FORESTS; ALPHA; TREND AB A regionally segmented multimedia fate model for the European continent is described together with an illustrative steady-state case study examining the fate of gamma-HCH (lindane) based on 1998 emission data. The study builds on the regionally segmented BETR North America model structure and describes the regional segmentation and parameterisation for Europe. The European continent is described by a 5degrees x 5degrees grid, leading to 50 regions together with four perimetric boxes representing regions buffering the European environment. Each zone comprises seven compartments including; upper and lower atmosphere, soil, vegetation, fresh water and sediment and coastal water. Inter-regions flows of air and water are described, exploiting information originating from GIS databases and other georeferenced data. The model is primarily designed to describe the fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) within the European environment by examining chemical partitioning and degradation in each region, and inter-region transport either under steady-state conditions or fully dynamically. A test case scenario is presented which examines the fate of estimated spatially resolved atmospheric emissions of lindane throughout Europe within the lower atmosphere and surface soil compartments. In accordance with the predominant wind direction in Europe, the model predicts high concentrations close to the major sources as well as towards Central and Northeast regions. Elevated soil concentrations in Scandinavian soils provide further evidence of the potential of increased scavenging by forests and subsequent accumulation by organic-rich terrestrial surfaces. Initial model predictions have revealed a factor of 5-10 underestimation of lindane concentrations in the atmosphere. This is explained by an underestimation of source strength and/or an underestimation of European background levels. The model presented can further be used to predict deposition fluxes and chemical inventories, and it can also be adapted to provide characteristic travel distances and overall environmental persistence, which can be compared with other long-range transport prediction methods. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lancaster, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sweetman, AJ (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. EM a.sweetman@lancaster.ac.uk RI MacLeod, Matthew/D-5919-2013; Sweetman, Andrew/D-8456-2014; Jones, Kevin/F-4296-2014; OI MacLeod, Matthew/0000-0003-2562-7339; Jones, Kevin Christopher/0000-0001-7108-9776 NR 24 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.041 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 776QG UT WOS:000189127500018 PM 14667732 ER PT J AU Miehr, R Tratnyek, PG Bandstra, JZ Scherer, MM Alowitz, MJ Bylaska, EJ AF Miehr, R Tratnyek, PG Bandstra, JZ Scherer, MM Alowitz, MJ Bylaska, EJ TI Diversity of contaminant reduction reactions by zerovalent iron: Role of the reductate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE REDUCTION; METALLIC IRON; RATE CONSTANTS; GRANULAR IRON; BASIS-SETS; CEMENTATION PROCESSES; NITRATE REDUCTION; ABSOLUTE HARDNESS AB The reactions of eight model contaminants with nine types of granular Fe(O) were studied in batch experiments using consistent experimental conditions. The model contaminants (herein referred to as "reductates" because they were reduced by the iron metal) included cations (Cu(2+)), anions (CrO(4)(2-), NO(3)(-), and 5,5',7,7'-indigotetrasulfonate), and neutral species (2-chloroacetophenone, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethene). The diversity of this range of reductates offers a uniquely broad perspective on the reactivity of Fe(O). Rate constants for disappearance of the reductates vary over as much as four orders of magnitude for particular reductates (due to differences in the nine types of iron) but differences among the reductates were even larger, ranging over almost seven orders of magnitude. Various ways of summarizing the data all suggest that relative reactivities with Fe(O) vary in the order Cu(2+), 5,5',7,7'-indigotetrasulfonate > 2-chloroacetophenone, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene > carbon tetrachloride, CrO(4)(2-) > trichloroethene > NO(3)(-). Although the reductate has the largest effect on disappearance kinetics, more subtle differences in reactivity due to the type of Fe(O) suggests that removal of CrO(2)(2-) and NO(3)(-) (the inorganic anions) involves adsorption to oxides on the Fe(O), whereas the disappearance kinetics of all other types of reductants is favored by reduction on comparatively oxide-free metal. Correlation analysis of the disappearance rate constants using descriptors of the reductates calculated by molecular modeling (energies of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, LUMO, highest occupied molecular orbitals, HOMO, and HOMO-LUMO gaps) showed that reactivities generally decrease with increasing E(LUMO) and increasing E(GAP) (and, therefore, increasing chemical hardness eta). C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tratnyek, PG (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM tratnyek@ese.ogi.edu NR 81 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1021/es034237h PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759YE UT WOS:000187781800033 PM 14740729 ER PT J AU Lukens, WW Shuh, DK Schroeder, NC Ashley, KR AF Lukens, WW Shuh, DK Schroeder, NC Ashley, KR TI Identification of the non-pertechnetate species in Hanford waste tanks, Tc(I)-carbonyl complexes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBONYL-COMPLEXES; TECHNETIUM; TC; RE; CRYSTAL; LIGAND; EXAFS AB Immobilization of the high-level nuclear waste stored at the Hanford Reservation has been complicated by the presence of soluble, lower-valent technetium species. Previous work by Schroeder and Blanchard has shown that these species cannot be removed by ion-exchange and are difficult to oxidize. The Tc K-edge XANES spectra of the species in Tanks SY-101 and SY-103 were reported by Blanchard, but they could not be assigned to any known technetium complex. We report that the XANES spectra are most likely those of Tc(I)-carbonyl species, especially fac-Tc(CO)(3)(gluconate)(2-). This is further supported by EXAFS and Tc-99-NMR studies in nonradioactive simulants of these tank wastes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Commerce, TX 75429 USA. RP Lukens, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1021/es034318d PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759YE UT WOS:000187781800044 PM 14740740 ER PT J AU Kohler, M Curtis, GP Meece, DE Davis, JA AF Kohler, M Curtis, GP Meece, DE Davis, JA TI Methods for estimating adsorbed uranium(VI) and distribution coefficients of contaminated sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; VARIABLE PH; SORPTION BEHAVIOR; GROUNDWATER; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; MIGRATION; MOLYBDATE; AQUIFER; DEPOSIT AB Assessing the quantity of U(VI) that participates in sorption/desorption processes in a contaminated aquifer is an important task when investigating U migration behavior. U-contaminated aquifer sediments were obtained from 16 different locations at a former U mill tailings site at Naturita, CO (U.S.A.) and were extracted with an artificial groundwater, a high pH sodium bicarbonate solution, hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, and concentrated nitric acid. With an isotopic exchange method, both a K-D value for the specific experimental conditions as well as the total exchangeable mass of U(VI) was determined. Except for one sample, KD values determined by isotopic exchange with U-contaminated sediments that were in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 agreed within a factor of 2 with KD values predicted from a nonelectrostatic surface complexation model (NEM) developed from U(VI) adsorption experiments with uncontaminated sediments. The labile fraction of U(VI) and U extracted by the bicarbonate solution were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.997), with a slope of 0.96 +/- 0.01. The proximity of the slope to one suggests that both methods likely access the same reservoir of U(VI) associated with the sediments. The results indicate that the bicarbonate extraction method is useful for estimating the mass of labile U(VI) in sediments that do not contain U(IV). In-situ K-D values calculated from the measured labile U(VI) and the dissolved U(VI) in the Naturita alluvial aquifer agreed within a factor of 3 with in-situ KD values predicted with the NEM and groundwater chemistry at each well. C1 Solar Energy Res Inst, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kohler, M (reprint author), Solar Energy Res Inst, Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mkohler@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 240 EP 247 DI 10.1021/es0341236 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 759YE UT WOS:000187781800046 PM 14740742 ER PT J AU Kszos, LA Morris, GW Konetsky, BK AF Kszos, LA Morris, GW Konetsky, BK TI Source of toxicity in storm water: Zinc from commonly used paint SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zinc; storm water; Ceriodaphnia; paint; acute toxicity ID RUNOFF; COPPER; CORROSION; URBAN AB A Department of Energy site in Paducah, Kentucky (USA), stores thousands of cylinders of depleted uranium hexafluoride. Breaches of the cylinders could result in the release of uranium and hydrogen fluoride. Beginning in 1996, a program was begun to paint the cylinders in order to prevent corrosion of the cylinders and the surfaces of the storage yards were converted to concrete. In 1998, storm water from the cylinder storage yards was found to be toxic to Ceriodaphnia, at concentrations exceeding limits in the site's discharge permit. A six-month study was conducted to identify the source of the toxicity in the storm water. Ceriodaphnia toxicity tests with the storm water resulted in 48-h median lethal concentrations (LC50) ranging from 12 to 94%; zinc concentrations in the storm water ranged from 0.08 to 0.54 mg/L. Acute toxicity tests with zinc and linear regression identified that zinc concentrations in the storm water were sufficient to account for the toxicity observed. By tracking the sources to the discharge point, newly painted cylinders were identified as the source of the zinc in the storm water. Rainwater collected directly from the painted cylinders contained up to 13 mg Zn/L. Laboratory and field tests showed that topcoating the cylinders would reduce the amount of zinc in the runoff from the cylinders. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kszos, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kszosla@ornl.gov OI Kszos, Lynn/0000-0002-8218-9032 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 761JF UT WOS:000187897200003 PM 14768861 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Burris, DR AF O'Loughlin, EJ Burris, DR TI Reduction of halogenated ethanes by green rust SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fe(II)-Fe(III) hydroxide; reductive dehalogenation; chlorinated ethanes; chlorinated hydrocarbons; ethylene dibromide ID PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; AQUEOUS CORROSION; CHROMATE REMOVAL; CLAY-MINERALS; AU-III; CU-II; AG-I; IRON; TRANSFORMATION AB Green rusts, mixed Fe(II)/Fe(III) hydroxide minerals present in many suboxic environments, have been shown to reduce a number of organic and inorganic contaminants. The reduction of halogenated ethanes was examined in aqueous suspensions of green rust, both alone and with the addition of Ag(I) (AgGR) and Cu(II) (CuGR). Hexachloroethane (HCA), pentachloroethane (PCA), 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TeCA), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1, 1,2-TCA), 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA), and 1,2-dibromoethane were reduced in the presence of green rust alone, AgGR, or CuGR; only 1,2-dichloroethane and chloroethane were nonreactive. The reduction was generally more rapid for more highly substituted ethanes than for ethanes having fewer halogen groups (HCA > PCA > 1,1,1,2-TeCA > 1,1,1 -TCA > 1,1,2,2-TeCA > 1,1,2-TCA > 1,1-DCA), and isomers with the more asymmetric distributions of halogen groups were more rapidly reduced than the isomer with greater symmetry (e.g., 1,1,1-TCA > 1,1,2-TCA). The addition of Ag(I) or Cu(II) to green rust suspensions resulted in a substantial increase in the rate of halogenated ethane reduction as well as significant differences in the product distributions with respect to green rust alone. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Integrated Sci & Technol, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. RP O'Loughlin, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLQR, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM oloughlin@anl.gov RI O'Loughlin, Edward/C-9565-2013 OI O'Loughlin, Edward/0000-0003-1607-9529 NR 40 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1897/03-45 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 761JF UT WOS:000187897200007 PM 14768865 ER PT S AU Mavis, B Akinc, M AF Mavis, B Akinc, M BE Mandal, H Ovecoglu, L TI Homogeneous precipitation of layer double hydroxides SO EURO CERAMICS VIII, PTS 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2003 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Turkish Ceram Soc, European Ceram Soc DE urea decomposition; nickel hydroxide; reaction kinetics simulation; Layer Double Hydroxides ID NICKEL-HYDROXIDE; PARTICLES; ALKALINIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; ISOCYANATE; POWDERS; SULFIDE AB Structure of nickel precipitate from decomposition of urea was found to be alpha-Ni(OH)(2). FTIR analysis revealed the intercalation of cyanate (OCN-), which is an intermediate product of urea decomposition. This observation implied that the assumption of single step decomposition of urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia was over simplified. For quantitative analysis on the effects of critical system parameters like initial pH and metal ion concentration, a detailed analysis of the possible reactions in urea system was carried out. Numerical solutions to reaction pathways predicted significant accumulation of the intermediate cyanate in the time-temperature range investigated. Further elaboration was possible by considering the effects of hydrolysis products of Ni2+ and Ni-amine, Ni-cyanate, and Ni-carbonate complexes in the numerical simulations. Chemical analysis of the precipitate showed a decrease in nitrogen content with increasing reaction times. This was consistent with the predicted decrease in concentration of Ni-cyanate complexes with time. At extended digestion times, formation of Ni-amine complexes limits the complete recovery of the Ni2+. From the two phases of Ni(OH)(2), alpha-phase, with its larger interlayer spacing, offers enhanced electrochemical properties but it transform into thermodynamic ally stable P-phase. Stabilizing alpha-phase with Co2+ substitution which oxidizes irreversibly to Co3+ with electrochemical cycling along with forming layer double hydroxides (LDH's : [M1-x2+Mx3+(OH)(2)](x+)[A(x/n)(n-)](x-).mH(2)O) were studied. Various compositions of LDH's containing Ni2+/Co2+ and Al3+ ions were produced by urea and tested with chronopotentiometry to assess their potential utility as rechargeable electrode materials. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mavis, B (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 3053 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Mavis, Bora/C-3457-2008 OI Mavis, Bora/0000-0001-8275-3759 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-946-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2004 VL 264-268 BP 41 EP 44 PN 1-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BAO19 UT WOS:000223059700010 ER PT S AU Ewsuk, KG Arguello, JG AF Ewsuk, KG Arguello, JG BE Mandal, H Ovecoglu, L TI Controlled ceramic powder compaction through science-based understanding SO EURO CERAMICS VIII, PTS 1-3 SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2003 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Turkish Ceram Soc, European Ceram Soc DE powder; characterization; processing; modeling; packing; compaction; sintering ID FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; CRADA DEVELOPS MODEL; DIE DESIGN AB Reproducible manufacturing of ceramic components requires understanding and controlling materials and processing. Utilizing characterization and modeling to develop science-based understanding, significant advances have been made to better understand and control ceramic pressing powders, powder compaction, and sintering. This includes identifying some of the critical relationships between powder charactcristics/properties, powder compaction behavior, and sintering. Another significant advance includes the development of computer simulation technology for compaction and sintering that provides guidance to improve process reproducibility and control. For powder compaction, a cap-plasticity constitutive model is implemented within a finite element (FE) framework. For sintering, a linear viscous sintering constitutive model is implemented within an FE framework. Both models have been tested and validated by comparing model predictions to experimental observations. The computer modeling technology developed can be used to improve and expand ceramic component designs, to help optimize powder pressing and sintering, and to anticipate and minimize defects during processing. The application of characterization and modeling technology to develop better powders and more robust processes will contribute to more reproducible, efficient, and cost effective manufacturing technology for ceramic components. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-946-6 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2004 VL 264-268 BP 149 EP 154 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BAO19 UT WOS:000223059700037 ER PT S AU Carroll, B Gogotsi, Y Kovalchenko, A Erdemir, A McNallan, MJ AF Carroll, B Gogotsi, Y Kovalchenko, A Erdemir, A McNallan, MJ BE Mandal, H Ovecoglu, L TI Tribological characterization of carbide-derived carbon layers on silicon carbide for dry friction applications SO EURO CERAMICS VIII, PTS 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2003 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Turkish Ceram Soc, European Ceram Soc DE carbon; tribology; silicon carbide; coatings; dry friction ID FILMS; COATINGS; DIAMOND AB Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) films prepared on silicon carbide arc known to have excellent tribological properties in dry nitrogen. The put-pose of this study was both to examine different counterbodies and to study the wear process in more detail. Choice of counterbody appears to have little effect on the tribological performance of the CDC coating, and Raman spectroscopy indicates that the tribological performance is dominated by the formation of a graphitic transfer film on the counterbody. CDC appears to wear in ductile fashion in both air and dry nitrogen. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Carroll, B (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Gogotsi, Yury/B-2167-2008 OI Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-946-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2004 VL 264-268 BP 465 EP 468 PN 1-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BAO19 UT WOS:000223059700110 ER PT S AU Okumus, SC Kramer, MJ Thom, AJ Akinc, M AF Okumus, SC Kramer, MJ Thom, AJ Akinc, M BE Mandal, H Ovecoglu, L TI Microstructure and oxidation behavior of plasma sprayed Mo-Si-B intermetallic coatings SO EURO CERAMICS VIII, PTS 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2003 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Turkish Ceram Soc, European Ceram Soc DE intermetallic; silicide; coating; plasma spray ID SILICIDES; BORON; MO5SI3; CREEP AB In this study, low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) demonstrated as a viable technique to producing fine-grained samples from complex Mo-Si-B intermetallics. Microstructure and oxidation behavior of the coatings were studied. C1 Sakarya Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-54187 Adapazari, Turkey. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Okumus, SC (reprint author), Sakarya Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, TR-54187 Adapazari, Turkey. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-946-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2004 VL 264-268 BP 509 EP 512 PN 1-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BAO19 UT WOS:000223059700121 ER PT S AU Ong, RJ Dawley, JT Payne, DA Clem, PG AF Ong, RJ Dawley, JT Payne, DA Clem, PG BE Mandal, H Ovecoglu, L TI Chemical-solution deposition of oriented (Ba0.33Sr0.67)TiO3 thin films SO EURO CERAMICS VIII, PTS 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2003 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Turkish Ceram Soc, European Ceram Soc DE chemical-solution deposition; thin films; perovskites; preferred orientation; base-metal electrodes; buffer layers; barium strontium titanate ID GROWTH; CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEXTURE AB A metal acetate/alkoxide-chelate method is reported for the chemical-solution deposition of oriented ABO(3) perovskites at reduced temperatures through the use of fluorinated solvents. Thin films in the BaTiO3-SrTiO3 (BST) system were fabricated on i.) <100> LaAlO3 single crystal substrates and ii.) <100>-textured polycrystalline Ni substrates. As expected, a high-degree of preferred orientation was achieved on single-crystal LaAlO3. In addition, Lotgering factors of similar to0.99, indicating nearly complete a-axis (pseudo-cubic) texture of the films, were obtained for films deposited on the textured Ni. The results on LaAlO3 served as a benchmark for texture development; those on polycrystalline Ni were suitable for applications such as buffer layers for high-temperature superconductors and dielectrics in base-metal electroded capacitors. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ong, RJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-946-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2004 VL 264-268 BP 1213 EP 1216 PN 1-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BAO19 UT WOS:000223059700287 ER PT S AU Pavon, J Franchi, G Jimenez-Pique, E Anglada, M Lopez-Esteban, S Saiz, E Tomsia, AP AF Pavon, J Franchi, G Jimenez-Pique, E Anglada, M Lopez-Esteban, S Saiz, E Tomsia, AP BE Mandal, H Ovecoglu, L TI Influence of firing time on micro-mechanical properties of glass based coating on Ti6Al4V for biomedical applications SO EURO CERAMICS VIII, PTS 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the European-Ceramic-Society CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 2003 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Turkish Ceram Soc, European Ceram Soc DE glass coating; Ti6Al4V; micro-mechanical properties; implants ID FRACTURE; BIOCERAMICS; TOUGHNESS; METAL AB In this work, the microstructure and micro-mechanical behaviour for a system composed by a glass coating of the SiO2-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O-P2O5 system on a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) have been studied in terms of firing time. The coating was produced using a simple enamelling technique with three different firing times (15, 20 and 30 seconds). The chemical analysis by Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy shows the formation of a titanium rich reaction layer, most probably composed of nanocrystals of Ti5Si3. Hertz indentation on the coating surface, Vickers microindentation at the interface and scratch test indentation show that the best mechanical response is obtained with a firing time of 30 seconds, which corresponds to the conditions for which the titanium-rich layer is thicker. C1 Univ Politecn Catalunya, Dept Ciencia Mat & Engn Met, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pavon, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Catalunya, Dept Ciencia Mat & Engn Met, Avda Diagonal 647,ETSEIB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. OI Jimenez-Pique, Emilio/0000-0002-6950-611X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-946-6 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2004 VL 264-268 BP 1977 EP 1980 PN 1-3 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BAO19 UT WOS:000223059700474 ER PT S AU Pakin, S AF Pakin, S BE Danelutto, M Laforenza, D Vanneschi, M TI Reproducible network benchmarks with coNCePTuaL SO EURO-PAR 2004 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY 2004 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Dept Comp Sci, Natl Res Council Inst Informat Sci & Technologies, ACM, IEEE, IFIP ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE AB A cornerstone of scientific progress is the ability to reproduce experimental results. However, in the context of network benchmarking, system complexity impedes a researcher's attempts to record all of the information needed to exactly reconstruct a network-benchmarking experiment. Without this information, results may be misinterpreted and are unlikely to be reproducible. This paper presents a tool called coNCEPTUAL which simplifies most aspects of recording and presenting network performance data. coNCEPTUAL includes two core components: (1) a compiler for a highlevel, domain-specific programming language that makes it possible to specify arbitrary communication patterns tersely but precisely and (2) a complementary run-time library that obviates the need for writing (and debugging!) all of the mundane but necessary routines needed for benchmarking, such as those that calibrate timers, compute statistics, or output log files. The result is that coNCEPTUAL makes it easy to present network-performance data in a form that promotes reproducibility. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pakin, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pakin@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22924-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3149 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV51 UT WOS:000223792500009 ER PT S AU Nagel, WE Ludwig, T Vetter, J Donatiello, L AF Nagel, WE Ludwig, T Vetter, J Donatiello, L BE Danelutto, M Laforenza, D Vanneschi, M TI Topic 2 - Performance evaluation SO EURO-PAR 2004 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY 2004 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Dept Comp Sci, Natl Res Council Inst Informat Sci & Technologies, ACM, IEEE, IFIP C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr High Performance Comp, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Comp Sci, Heidelberg, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Bologna, Dept Comp Sci, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Nagel, WE (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr High Performance Comp, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22924-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3149 BP 117 EP 118 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV51 UT WOS:000223792500015 ER PT S AU Di Giacomo, M Martinez, M Scott, J AF Di Giacomo, M Martinez, M Scott, J BE Danelutto, M Laforenza, D Vanneschi, M TI A large-scale digital library system to integrate heterogeneous data of distributed databases SO EURO-PAR 2004 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY 2004 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Dept Comp Sci, Natl Res Council Inst Informat Sci & Technologies, ACM, IEEE, IFIP AB The Web has become the primary means for information dissemination of all kinds; our interest is in dissemination of scientific information from on-line digital libraries. We have designed a Web application, called SearchPlus, based on a distributed, scalable, fault-tolerant, and secure architecture, to allow access to tens of millions of scientific bibliographic records and their citations, integrating information from multiple heterogeneous data sources, and making this information available for querying and analysis. A full-scale test-bed environment has been developed to assess hardware and software configuration and performance. This paper gives the motivations for building such a system, describes the architecture of our distributed database system, and highlights performance analyses and subsequent improvements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Di Giacomo, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mariella@lanl.gov; mlbm@lanl.gov; jscott@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22924-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3149 BP 391 EP 397 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV51 UT WOS:000223792500050 ER PT S AU Keahey, K Araki, T Lane, P AF Keahey, K Araki, T Lane, P BE Danelutto, M Laforenza, D Vanneschi, M TI Agreement-based interactions for experimental science SO EURO-PAR 2004 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY 2004 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Dept Comp Sci, Natl Res Council Inst Informat Sci & Technologies, ACM, IEEE, IFIP AB Enabling quality of service (QoS) in the Grids requires not only resource management strategies but also the development of protocols enabling structured negotiation for the use of resources. Such protocols will allow the creation of policies dynamically and automatically broadening the scope of Grid applications. In this paper, we describe design, implementation and application of an agreement-based infrastructure. We then discuss its use in the virtual control room developed for the National Fusion Collaboratory. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NEC Corp Ltd, Internet Syst Res Labs, Kanagawa 2168555, Japan. RP Keahey, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM keahey@mcs.anl.gov; araki@mcs.anl.gov; lane@mcs.anl.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22924-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3149 BP 399 EP 408 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV51 UT WOS:000223792500052 ER PT S AU Rasmussen, CE Sottile, MJ Nieplocha, J Numrich, RW Jones, E AF Rasmussen, CE Sottile, MJ Nieplocha, J Numrich, RW Jones, E BE Danelutto, M Laforenza, D Vanneschi, M TI Co-array python: A parallel extension to the python language SO EURO-PAR 2004 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY 2004 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Dept Comp Sci, Natl Res Council Inst Informat Sci & Technologies, ACM, IEEE, IFIP AB A parallel extension to the Python language is introduced that is modeled after the Co-Array Fortran extensions to Fortran 95. A new Python module, CoArray, has been developed to provide co-array syntax that allows a Python programmer to address co-array data on a remote processor. An example of Jacobi iteration using the CoArray module is shown and corresponding performance results are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22924-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3149 BP 632 EP 637 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV51 UT WOS:000223792500083 ER PT S AU Frachtenberg, E Davis, K Petrini, F Fernandez, J Sancho, JC AF Frachtenberg, E Davis, K Petrini, F Fernandez, J Sancho, JC BE Danelutto, M Laforenza, D Vanneschi, M TI Designing parallel operating systems via parallel programming SO EURO-PAR 2004 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY 2004 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Dept Comp Sci, Natl Res Council Inst Informat Sci & Technologies, ACM, IEEE, IFIP AB Ever-increasing demand for computing capability is driving the construction of ever-larger computer clusters, soon to be reaching tens of thousands of processors. Many functionalities of system software have failed to scale accordingly - systems are becoming more complex, less reliable, and less efficient. Our premise is that these deficiencies arise from a lack of global control and coordination of the processing nodes. In practice, current parallel machines are loosely-coupled systems that are used for solving inherently tightly-coupled problems. This paper demonstrates that existing and future systems can be made more scalable by using BSP-like parallel programming principles in the design and implementation of the system software, and by taking full advantage of the latest interconnection network hardware. Moreover, we show that this approach can also yield great improvements in efficiency, reliability, and simplicity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Frachtenberg, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eithanf@lanl.gov; kei@lanl.gov; fabrizio@lanl.gov; juanf@lanl.gov; juanf@lanl.gov RI Sancho, Jose Carlos/B-3125-2016 OI Sancho, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-6917-9155 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22924-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3149 BP 689 EP 696 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV51 UT WOS:000223792500090 ER PT S AU Duato, J Petrini, F Lysne, O Bilas, A AF Duato, J Petrini, F Lysne, O Bilas, A BE Danelutto, M Laforenza, D Vanneschi, M TI Topic 14 - Routing and communication in interconnection networks SO EURO-PAR 2004 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY 2004 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Dept Comp Sci, Natl Res Council Inst Informat Sci & Technologies, ACM, IEEE, IFIP C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Univ Politecn Valencia, Valencia, Spain. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22924-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3149 BP 832 EP 832 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV51 UT WOS:000223792500111 ER PT S AU Almasi, G Archer, C Castanos, JG Erway, CC Heidelberger, P Martorell, X Moreira, JE Pinnow, K Ratterman, J Smeds, N Steinmacher-burow, B Gropp, W Toonen, B AF Almasi, G Archer, C Castanos, JG Erway, CC Heidelberger, P Martorell, X Moreira, JE Pinnow, K Ratterman, J Smeds, N Steinmacher-burow, B Gropp, W Toonen, B BE Danelutto, M Laforenza, D Vanneschi, M TI Implementing MPI on the BlueGene/L supercomputer SO EURO-PAR 2004 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY 2004 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Dept Comp Sci, Natl Res Council Inst Informat Sci & Technologies, ACM, IEEE, IFIP AB The BlueGene/L supercomputer will consist of 65,536 dual-processor compute nodes interconnected by two high-speed networks: a three-dimensional torus network and a tree topology network. Each compute node can only address its own local memory, making message passing the natural programming model for BlueGene/L. In this paper we present our implementation of MPI for BlueGene/L. In particular, we discuss how we leveraged the architectural features of BlueGene/L to arrive at an efficient implementation of MPI in this machine. We validate our approach by comparing MPI performance against the hardware limits and also the relative performance of the different modes of operation of BlueGene/L. We show that dedicating one of the processors of a node to communication functions greatly improves the bandwidth achieved by MPI operation, whereas running two MPI tasks per compute node can have a positive impact on application performance. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. IBM Syst Grp, Rochester, MN 55901 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Almasi, G (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM gheorghe@us.ibm.com; archerc@us.ibm.com; castanos@us.ibm.com; cerway@us.ibm.com; philip@us.ibm.com; xavim@us.ibm.com; jmoreira@us.ibm.com; kwp@us.ibm.com; jratt@us.ibm.com; nsmeds@us.ibm.com; steinmac@us.ibm.com; gropp@mcs.anl.gov; toonen@mcs.anl.gov RI Martorell, Xavier/G-6120-2015; OI Martorell, Xavier/0000-0002-0417-3430; Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22924-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3149 BP 833 EP 845 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV51 UT WOS:000223792500112 ER PT S AU Bourgeois, J Ernst-Desmulier, JB Spies, F Verbeke, J AF Bourgeois, J Ernst-Desmulier, JB Spies, F Verbeke, J BE Danelutto, M Laforenza, D Vanneschi, M TI Using similarity groups to increase performance of P2P computing SO EURO-PAR 2004 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY 2004 CL Pisa, ITALY SP Univ Pisa, Dept Comp Sci, Natl Res Council Inst Informat Sci & Technologies, ACM, IEEE, IFIP AB This article aims to demonstrate how to build new types of groups called similarity groups into the JNGI project. This is done in order to increase the relevance of task dispatching and therefore to increase the performance of JNGI. C1 Univ Franche Comte, LIFC, F-25030 Besancon, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bourgeois, J (reprint author), Univ Franche Comte, LIFC, F-25030 Besancon, France. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22924-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3149 BP 1056 EP 1059 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV51 UT WOS:000223792500142 ER PT J AU Gulbis, JM Kazmirski, SL Finkelstein, J Kelman, Z O'Donnell, M Kuriyan, J AF Gulbis, JM Kazmirski, SL Finkelstein, J Kelman, Z O'Donnell, M Kuriyan, J TI Crystal structure of the chi : psi subassembly of the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase clamp-loader complex SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE clamp loader; DNA replication; processivity factor; sliding clamp ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; III ACCESSORY PROTEINS; BINDING-PROTEIN; LAGGING-STRAND; REPLICATION PROTEINS; DISTINCT DOMAINS; SLIDING CLAMPS; TAU-BINDS; GAMMA-SUBUNIT; DELTA-SUBUNIT AB The chi (chi) and psi (psi) subunits of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III form a heterodimer that is associated with the ATP-dependent clamp-loader machinery. In E. coli, the chi:psi heterodimer serves as a bridge between the clamp-loader complex and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein. We determined the crystal structure of the chi:psi heterodimer at 2.1 Angstrom resolution. Although neither chi (147 residues) nor psi (137 residues) bind to nucleotides, the fold of each protein is similar to the folds of mononucleotide-(chi) or dinucleotide-(psi) binding proteins, without marked similarity to the structures of the clamp-loader subunits. Genes encoding chi and psi proteins are found to be readily identifiable in several bacterial genomes and sequence alignments showed that residues at the chi:psi interface are highly conserved in both proteins, suggesting that the heterodimeric interaction is of functional significance. The conservation of surface-exposed residues is restricted to the interfacial region and to just two other regions in the chi:psi complex. One of the conserved regions was found to be located on chi, distal to the psi interaction region, and we identified this as the binding site for a C-terminal segment of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein. The other region of sequence conservation is localized to an N-terminal segment of psi (26 residues) that is disordered in the crystal structure. We speculate that psi is linked to the clamp-loader complex by this flexible, but conserved, N-terminal segment, and that the chi:psi unit is linked to the single-stranded DNA-binding protein via the distal surface of chi. The base of the clamp-loader complex has an open C-shaped structure, and the shape of the chi:psi complex is suggestive of a loose docking within the crevice formed by the open faces of the delta and delta' subunits of the clamp-loader. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol & Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lab DNA Replicat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Mol Biophys Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol & Chem, 16 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kuriyan@uclink.berkeley.edu OI O'Donnell, Michael/0000-0001-9002-4214 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 38839, GM 45547] NR 52 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 271 IS 2 BP 439 EP 449 DI 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03944.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 762ER UT WOS:000187958900021 PM 14717711 ER PT J AU Futrell, J AF Futrell, J TI An autobiography SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Futrell, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jean.futrell@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 10 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1255/ejms.637 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 810ED UT WOS:000220686700003 PM 15103089 ER PT J AU Shukla, AK AF Shukla, AK TI Is collision-induced dissociation of low-energy carbonyl sulfide cations adversely affected by asymmetry? SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE crossed-beam experiments; angular scattering; collision induced dissociation; carbonyl sulfide cation ID PHOTO-IONIZATION; CO2+ IONS; SPECTROMETER; STATE; BEAM; CS2 AB We have measured relative abundances of fragment ions resulting from collision-induced dissociation of OCS+ ions in collision with xenon neutrals as a function of ion kinetic energy and scattering angle. The lowest energy dissociation product, S', dominates at all energies up to 53 eV kinetic energy studied here. Surprisingly, the second most abundant dissociation channel is CS+ and not CO+ even though the thermochemical threshold for CO+ is lower than that for CS+ and CO+ is more abundant than CS+ in the normal mass spectrum of OCS. We do not observe any significant abundance of CO+ in this energy range, suggesting that collision-induced excitation and dissociation of OCS+ is significantly different to that of symmetric triatomic ions. A possible role of asymmetry in the molecular ion's collisional activation via neutral collision is suggested for the different behavior. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Shukla, AK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM anil.shukla@pnl.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 10 IS 2 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1255/ejms.635 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 810ED UT WOS:000220686700013 PM 15103099 ER PT J AU Laskin, J AF Laskin, J TI Energetics and dynamics of peptide fragmentation from multiple-collision activation and surface-induced dissociation studies SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE FT-ICR mass spectrometry; SORI-CID; surface-induced dissociation (SID); peptide ions; fragmentation energetics and dynamics; kinetic shift; RRKM/QET; energy partitioning; dissociation energy; entropic factor ID INFRARED RADIATIVE DISSOCIATION; FT-ICR MS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; INTERNAL ENERGY; KINETIC SHIFTS; IONS; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB This account summarizes the energetics and dynamics of peptide fragmentation obtained using a new approach recently developed in our laboratory. The approach involves RRKM modeling of time- and energy-resolved tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data obtained using collisional activation. We demonstrate that surface-induced dissociation (SID) on a long time-scale of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) is perfectly suited for studying the energetics and dynamics of peptide fragmentation. The advantages provided by SID include very fast ion activation, which eliminates possible discrimination against higher-energy dissociation pathways, and efficient "amplification" of small changes in dissociation parameters. We present a summary of results obtained for small alanine-containing peptides as well as larger peptides including angiotensin analogs and a series of peptides containing the LDIFSDF motif. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999,K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Juha.Laskin@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2004 VL 10 IS 2 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1255/ejms.641 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 810ED UT WOS:000220686700017 PM 15103103 ER PT J AU Wang, JC Dendooven, P Hankonen, S Huikari, J Jokinen, A Kolhinen, VS Lhersonneau, G Nieminen, A Perajarvi, K Rinta-Antila, S Aysto, J AF Wang, JC Dendooven, P Hankonen, S Huikari, J Jokinen, A Kolhinen, VS Lhersonneau, G Nieminen, A Perajarvi, K Rinta-Antila, S Aysto, J TI Reinvestigation of the beta-decay of Mo-110 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID GAMOW-TELLER DECAY; DEFORMED-NUCLEI; ISOTOPES; FACILITY; PD-118; RU-110; RULES AB The beta-decay of the neutron-rich nucleus Mo-110, separated by the IGISOL on-line mass separator from other fission products, has been investigated by using beta-gamma and gamma-gamma coincidence techniques. The decay scheme of Mo-110 has been revised, including 3 new excited states and 7 new gamma transitions in Tc-110. The beta-feedings were measured and log ft values and B(GT) values were deduced based on a Q(beta)-value from systematics. Three excited 1 (+) states in Tc-110 fed by spin-flip allowed-unhindered beta transitions were identified. The deduced beta-decay strengths are compared with the Gamow-Teller strength distribution obtained from a macroscopic-microscopic calculation. The role of the asymptotic quantum numbers in the context of the allowed beta-decay is discussed. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Wang, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Room F-133,Bldg 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jcwang@phy.anl.gov RI Jokinen, Ari/C-2477-2017 OI Jokinen, Ari/0000-0002-0451-125X NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1140/epja/i2003-10105-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 764LF UT WOS:000188207800009 ER PT J AU Nukala, PKVV Simunovic, S AF Nukala, PKVV Simunovic, S TI Scaling of fracture strength in disordered quasi-brittle materials SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID PORE-SIZE MEASUREMENT; ELASTIC NETWORKS; RECRYSTALLIZED SILICONCARBIDE; ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; FLAW POPULATIONS; FUSE NETWORKS; CARBON-FIBERS; PERCOLATION; SYSTEMS; MECHANICS AB This paper presents two main results. The first result indicates that in materials with broadly distributed microscopic heterogeneities, the fracture strength distribution corresponding to the peak load of the material response does not follow the commonly used Weibull and (modified) Gumbel distributions. Instead, a lognormal distribution describes more adequately the fracture strengths corresponding to the peak load of the response. Lognormal distribution arises naturally as a consequence of multiplicative nature of large number of random distributions representing the stress scale factors necessary to break the subsequent "primary" bond (by definition, an increase in applied stress is required to break a "primary" bond) leading up to the peak load. Numerical simulations based on two-dimensional triangular and diamond lattice topologies with increasing system sizes substantiate that a lognormal distribution represents an excellent fit for the fracture strength distribution at the peak load. The second significant result of the present study is that, in materials with broadly distributed microscopic heterogeneities, the mean fracturestrength of the lattice system behaves as mu(f)=mu*(f)/(Log L)(psi), and scales as mu(f) approximate to 1/(Log L)(psi) as the latticesystem size, L, approaches infinity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nukalapk@ornl.gov NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 EI 1434-6036 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD JAN PY 2004 VL 37 IS 1 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2004-00033-1 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 778ZT UT WOS:000189271700011 ER PT J AU Sloutskin, E Sirota, EB Gang, O Wu, XZ Ocko, BM Deutsch, M AF Sloutskin, E Sirota, EB Gang, O Wu, XZ Ocko, BM Deutsch, M TI Surface and bulk interchange energy in binary mixtures of chain molecules SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID LIQUID NORMAL-ALKANES; MONOLAYERS; PHASE; ADSORPTION; SYSTEMS AB The interchange (interaction) parameter, controlling the phase behaviour of a binary mixture, is determined for the bulk and the surface of binary mixtures of different types of chain molecules, using surface tensiometry and a mean-field theory. For all mixtures and concentrations studied an identical behaviour is observed at the surface, depending only on the square of the reduced chain length mismatch Deltan/(n) over bar, where Deltan and (n) over bar are the difference in and average of the number of carbons of the two components. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Sloutskin, E (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il RI Sirota, Eric/A-7633-2009 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD JAN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1140/epje/e2004-00047-x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 807IV UT WOS:000220496100001 PM 15052420 ER PT S AU Gualtieri, AF Norby, P Grey, CP Hanson, JC AF Gualtieri, AF Norby, P Grey, CP Hanson, JC BE Andersson, Y Mittemeijer, EJ Welzel, U TI Sorbate rearrangement and cation migration in HFC-134 loaded NaY zeolite: A temperature dependent synchrotron powder diffraction study SO EUROPEAN POWDER DIFFRACTION EPDIC 8 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Powder Diffraction Conference CY MAY 23-26, 2002 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN ID RIETVELD REFINEMENT AB The HFC-134/NaY binding has been monitored by temperature dependent X-ray powder diffraction. Diffraction patterns were obtained as a function of different loading levels to investigate the rearrangement of the cations and of the HFC-134 molecules, in the temperature range 100-230 K. In situ real-time data were collected using a Translating Imaging Plate System (TIPS) at the NSLS (USA). Rietveld structure refinements were performed for the HFC-134 (32 molecules per unit cell [m/uc = molecules per unit cell] or 4 molecules per supercage [m/sc = molecules per supercage]) using data collected from 100 to 230 K. A phase transition is observed at about 180 K (A to B phase transition) where a disordering of the HFC-134 molecule takes place and modification of its surrounding due to Na+ migrations is observed. These results are preliminary and the experiment with the 32 m/ue should be repeated in order to assess whether the observed effect is reproducible. C1 Univ Modena, Dipartimento Sci Terra, IT-41000 Modena, Italy. Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gualtieri, AF (reprint author), Univ Modena, Dipartimento Sci Terra, IT-41000 Modena, Italy. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Gualtieri, Alessandro/L-9680-2015; Norby, Poul/B-9047-2014 OI Gualtieri, Alessandro/0000-0002-4414-9603; Norby, Poul/0000-0002-2590-7050 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-935-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 443-4 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BY61J UT WOS:000189421300062 ER PT S AU Oikawa, K Kamiyama, T Kanno, R Izumi, F Ikeda, T Chakoumakos, BC AF Oikawa, K Kamiyama, T Kanno, R Izumi, F Ikeda, T Chakoumakos, BC BE Andersson, Y Mittemeijer, EJ Welzel, U TI Structural study of a high ionic conductor Rb4Cu16I7.2CI12.8 SO EUROPEAN POWDER DIFFRACTION EPDIC 8 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Powder Diffraction Conference CY MAY 23-26, 2002 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE ionic conductor; maximum-entropy method; neutron powder diffraction; Rb4Cu16I7.2CI12.8; rietveld refinement ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB The structure of a high ionic conductor Rb4Cu16I7.2C12.8 at low temperature has been reinvestigated by use of angle-dispersive neutron powder diffraction. All the diffraction data have been analyzed with integrated software REMEDY consisting of RIETAN-2000 for whole-pattern fitting and M EED for calculating densities of electrons or atomic nuclei by the maximum-entropy method. The resulting nuclear-density maps have reconfirmed that Cu1-Cu2 chains are the main conduction pathways in this material, as previously suggested from the Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, ASRC, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, AML, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Elect Chem, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, IMSS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, ASRC, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. RP Oikawa, K (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, IMSS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-935-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 443-4 BP 337 EP 340 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BY61J UT WOS:000189421300072 ER PT B AU De Windt, W Dick, J Boon, N Verstraete, W Siciliano, S Gao, H Zhou, J AF De Windt, W Dick, J Boon, N Verstraete, W Siciliano, S Gao, H Zhou, J BE Verstraete, W TI A model for anoxic iron corrosion by Sh. oneidensis MR-1 based on cell density related H-2 consumption and Fe(II) precipitation SO EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, ESEB 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology CY APR 25-28, 2004 CL Oostende, BELGIUM SP European Federat Biotechnol ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; REDUCING BACTERIUM; DENITRIFICATION; MINERALS; STEEL AB In the absence of oxygen, a protective H-2 film is formed around an Fe(0) surface, inhibiting the electron flow from this surface. Our study of anoxic corrosion of Fe(0) beads revealed that, in the presence of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, H-2 removal and precipitation of Fe mineral particles on the cell surface are determining processes for corrosion. These two biologically mediated processes were governed by cell density. Addition of supernatant of a corrosion assay with high cell concentration induced metabolic activity in a corrosion assay with low cell concentration, resulting in increased H-2 consumption and Fe release from Fe(0) beads. Homoserine lactone-like molecules were detected in the supernatant by a bio-assay, suggesting the involvement of a quorum-sensing regulatory mechanism. The interaction of Sh. oneidensis MR-1 with mineral particles was further investigated by means of the mutant Sh. oneidensis COAG. The COAG mutant exhibited increased biomineralization (up to 50% increase) and the putative interactions between COAG cells and mineral precipitates were validated by means of transcriptional analysis and Proteomics. C1 State Univ Ghent, Lab Microbiol Ecol & Technol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP De Windt, W (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Lab Microbiol Ecol & Technol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RI Boon, Nico/B-4083-2011; Gao, Haichun/A-2160-2014 OI Boon, Nico/0000-0002-7734-3103; NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-653-X PY 2004 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA BAA78 UT WOS:000221374300035 ER PT B AU Liu, Y Zhou, J AF Liu, Y Zhou, J BE Verstraete, W TI Functional genomic analysis of Deinococcus radiodurans resistance to ionizing radiation SO EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, ESEB 2004 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology CY APR 25-28, 2004 CL Oostende, BELGIUM SP European Federat Biotechnol ID RECA; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN AB Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is a remarkable bacterium for its extreme resistance to ionizing radiation. To define the repertoire of D. radiodurans genes responding to acute ionizing irradiation, transcriptome dynamics were examined in the recovering irradiated cells. The expression patterns of the majority of the induced genes resembled that of recA that showed up-regulation in the early phase and down-regulation in the late phase. The RecA-like induced genes include those involved in DNA metabolism, cell envelope formation, cellular transport, and transcription and translation process. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-653-X PY 2004 BP 293 EP 297 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA BAA78 UT WOS:000221374300062 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL AF Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL TI Leadership statistics in random structures SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; EXTREME-VALUE STATISTICS; INFINITE SET; COAGULATION; SYSTEMS AB The largest component ("the leader") in evolving random structures often exhibits universal statistical properties. This phenomenon is demonstrated analytically for two ubiquitous structures: random trees and random graphs. In both cases, lead changes are rare as the average number of lead changes increases quadratically with logarithm of the system size. As a function of time, the number of lead changes is self-similar. Additionally, the probability that no lead change ever occurs decays exponentially with the average number of lead changes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ebn@lanl.gov; paulk@bu.edu RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 65 IS 2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1209/epl/i2003-10081-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 770VB UT WOS:000188750500001 ER PT S AU Bierwirth, C Mattfeld, DC Watson, JP AF Bierwirth, C Mattfeld, DC Watson, JP BE Gottlieb, J Raidl, GR TI Landscape regularity and random walks for the job-shop scheduling problem SO EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION IN COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Coimbra, PORTUGAL SP EvoNet, Univ Coimbra ID SHIFTING BOTTLENECK; SPACE ANALYSIS; SEARCH AB We perform a novel analysis of the fitness landscape of the job-sbop scheduling problem (JSP). In contrast to other well-known combinatorial optimization problems, we show that the landscape of the JSP is non-regular, in that the connectivity of solutions is variable. As a consequence, we argue that random walks performed on such a landscape will be biased. We conjecture that such a bias should affect both random walks and local search algorithms, and may provide a partial explanation for the remarkable success of the latter in solving the JSP. C1 Univ Halle Wittenberg, D-4010 Halle Saale, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bierwirth, C (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, D-4010 Halle Saale, Germany. EM bierwirth@wiwi.uni-halle.de; dirk@uni-bremen.de; jwatson@sandia.gov RI Bierwirth, Christian/E-6916-2013 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21367-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3004 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY95A UT WOS:000189502600003 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Braiman, Y AF Liu, Y Braiman, Y BE Boccaletti, S Gluckman, BJ Kurths, J Pecora, LM Meucci, R Yordanov, O TI Dynamics and synchronization in a broad-area semiconductor laser array with external optical feedback SO EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 14-17, 2004 CL Florence, ITALY DE broad-area laser; laser array; laser coupling; synchronization; optical feedback. ID INJECTION LOCKING; DIODE-ARRAY; HIGH-POWER; CAVITY; OPERATION; AMPLIFIER; EMISSION; SYSTEM; BEAM; CW AB We report experimental results on the dynamics and synchronization of a 19-broad-area semiconductor laser array in an external cavity containing a lens array, projection optics, and a diffractive grating. All lasers are locked to single longitudinal mode. Significant improvement of the spatial profile of the entire laser array output beam has been observed. Laser coupling is investigated through the radio-frequency (RF) spectrum and temporal correlation of coupled laser emitters. Such coupling is found to exert certain effects on the frequency locking of the laser array. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0226-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 742 BP 267 EP 275 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BBO96 UT WOS:000226788300035 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Song, Y Lee, KH Wilt, MJ AF Kim, Hee Joon Song, Yoonho Lee, Ki Ha Wilt, Michael J. TI Efficient crosswell EM Tomography using localized nonlinear approximation SO EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crosswell; LN approximation; electromagnetic; cylindrical symmetry; inversion AB This paper presents a fast and stable imaging scheme using the localized nonlinear (LN) approximation of integral equation (IE) solutions for inverting electromagnetic data obtained in a crosswell survey. The medium is assumed to be cylindrically symmetric about a source borehole, and to maintain the symmetry a vertical magnetic dipole is used as a source. To find an optimum balance between data fitting and smoothness constraint, we introduce an automatic selection scheme for a Lagrange multiplier, which is sought at each iteration with a least misfit criterion. In this selection scheme, the IE algorithm is quite attractive for saving computing time because Green's functions, whose calculation is a most time-consuming part in IE methods, are repeatedly re-usable throughout the inversion process. The inversion scheme using the LN approximation has been tested to show its stability and efficiency, using both synthetic and field data. The inverted image derived from the field data, collected in a pilot experiment of water-flood monitoring in an oil field, is successfully compared with that derived by a 2.5-dimensional inversion scheme. C1 [Kim, Hee Joon] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Explorat Engn, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Song, Yoonho] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Lee, Ki Ha] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wilt, Michael J.] ElectroMagnet Instruments Inc, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Explorat Engn, Pusan 608737, South Korea. EM hejkim@pknu.ac.kr FU Pukyong National University Research Foundation; Korean Ministry of Science and Technology through National Research Lab; Office of Wind and Geothermal Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This study was partially supported by a Pukyong National University Research Foundation Grant in 2003. Y. Song's work was supported by the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology through National Research Lab. Funding. K. H. Lee is a collaborator whose work was partially supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Wind and Geothermal Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0812-3985 J9 EXPLOR GEOPHYS JI Explor. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1071/EG04051 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA V24GG UT WOS:000208398300009 ER PT S AU Horie, Y Hamate, Y AF Horie, Y Hamate, Y BE Itoh, S Hokamoto, K Fujita, M TI A new approach to the reactive burn modeling of heterogeneous explosives SO EXPLOSION, SHOCK WAVE AND HYPERVELOCITY PHENOMENA IN MATERIALS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Explosion, Shock Wave and Hypervelocity Phenomena (ESHP) CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL Kumamoto, JAPAN SP 21st Century COE Program, Kumamoto Univ, Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Centennial Anniversary Assoc, Kumamoto Univ, Fac Engn, Kumamoto Int Convent Bureau DE detonation; hot-spot Modeling; ignition; numerical simulation; solid explosives ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS; INITIATION; MESOSCALE AB This paper discusses a new approach to building mechanistic models for shock ignition and other reactive phenomena in heterogeneous solid explosives. In the proposed approach, hot spots are treated on a unifying framework (a hot-spot cell) to integrate the three, principal response behaviors of heterogeneous energetic materials: energy localization (hot-spot formation), temperature dependent chemical reactions, and heat flow. Hot spots are treated statistically through use of a size distribution and its evolution equation. Chemical reactions start at the surface of hot spots, and the products in turn become reactants for the subsequent bulk reactions. A heat conduction equation is solved for the temperature states in the hot-spot cell. Ignition and growth of the reactive burn depend on the complex interactions of the three processes: localized energy deposition, chemical reactions (surface as well as bulk), and heat flow. Coupling of the hot-spot model to hydrodynamic flow equations is based at present on a single cell, using mass averaged mixture equations of state and a common particle velocity for the constituents. The overall model is implemented on a two-dimensional Lagrangian code called CASH. To demonstrate the predictive capability of the model, we show several exploratory calculations using RDX as a model material. They include (1) shock ignition and growth-to-detonation, (2) quenching, and (3) curved detonation in a cylindrical specimen. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Horie, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, MS F699, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM horie@lanl.gov; hamate@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-950-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 465-466 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BAX34 UT WOS:000224075900001 ER PT S AU Schneider, MS Kad, BK Gregori, F Kalantar, DH Remington, BA Meyers, MA AF Schneider, MS Kad, BK Gregori, F Kalantar, DH Remington, BA Meyers, MA BE Itoh, S Hokamoto, K Fujita, M TI Laser induced shock defects in copper aluminum alloys: Stacking fault energy effects on the slip-twinning transition SO EXPLOSION, SHOCK WAVE AND HYPERVELOCITY PHENOMENA IN MATERIALS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Explosion, Shock Wave and Hypervelocity Phenomena (ESHP) CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL Kumamoto, JAPAN SP 21st Century COE Program, Kumamoto Univ, Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Centennial Anniversary Assoc, Kumamoto Univ, Fac Engn, Kumamoto Int Convent Bureau DE copper aluminum; laser-shock; shock-induced defects; stacking fault energy ID STRESS WAVES; METALS AB Copper and copper aluminum (2 and 6 wt% aluminum) with two orientations, [001] and [134], were subjected to high intensity laser shocks (energy levels of 40-300 J; energy densities of 15-70 MJ/m(2) and durations of 2.5 ns). The defects created were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The slip-twinning transition was determined quantitatively in terms of both orientation and stacking fault energy. The threshold twinning pressure for copper oriented to [001] decreases with decreasing stacking fault energy from 40 GPa for pure copper to less than 20 GPa for copper-2 wt% aluminum. For the [134] orientation, pure copper twinned at pressures on the order of 60 GPa, and whereas the copper-2 wt% aluminum alloy readily twinned at pressures less than 40 GPa. The results are rationalized in terms of a criterion in which slip and twinning are considered as competing mechanisms. A constitutive description using a modified MTS (mechanical threshold stress) constitutive equation applied incorporating slip and twinning in terms of orientation, stacking fault energy, temperature rise due to shock heating, and strain rate. The predictions are in agreement with experiments. The constitutive description provides a rationale for the experimental results; the calculated thresholds for [001] and [134] are, respectively: 17 GPa and 25 GPa for pure copper, 9 GPa and 13 GPa, for Cu-2wt % Al and 1 GPa and 2 GPa for Cu-6wt% Al. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Paris 13, Lab Mech Properties & Thermodynam Mat, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schneider, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM m1schneider@ucsd.edu; mameyers@ucsd.edu RI Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-950-4 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 465-466 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BAX34 UT WOS:000224075900004 ER PT S AU Ginocchio, JN AF Ginocchio, JN BE Lalazisisis, G Ring, P Vretenar, D TI Symmetry in the relativistic mean field approximation SO EXTENDED DENSITY FUNCTIONALS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE PHYSICS SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 307th WE-Heraeus Seminar on Relativistic Structure Models for the Physics of Radioactive Nuclear Beams CY MAY 12-16, 2003 CL Bad Honnef, GERMANY SP Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn ID PSEUDOSPIN SYMMETRY; NUCLEAR-PHYSICS; SCATTERING; ALIGNMENT; STATES AB The Dirac Hamiltonian has an invariant SU(2) symmetry in two limits. For vector and scalar potentials that are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, the Dirac Hamiltonian is invariant under pseudo-spin symmetry. Approximate pseudo-spin symmetry in nuclei was observed in nuclear spectra more than thirty years ago but its relativistic origin has only recently been discovered. The conditions oil the Dirac eigenfunctions imposed by pseudo-spin symmetry are derived and tested for realistic relativistic mean field eigenfunctions. Predictions for magnetic moments and Gamow-Teller transitions and nucleon-nucleus scattering are reviewed. Pseudo-spin symmetry is connected with quark degrees of freedom via a QCD sum rule. For vector and scalar potentials that are equal, the Dirac Hamiltonian is invariant under spin symmetry. The possibility of approximate spin symmetry occurring for an anti-nucleon in a nuclear environment is discussed. The exact eigenfunctions and eigenenergies for the relativistic harmonic oscillator in this limit are derived. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B238, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-21030-X J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2004 VL 641 BP 219 EP 237 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BY85P UT WOS:000189479400007 ER PT S AU Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, A Zhai, HY Kang, S Cantoni, C Cook, S Heatherly, L Goyal, A AF Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, A Zhai, HY Kang, S Cantoni, C Cook, S Heatherly, L Goyal, A BE Meng, R Goyal, A WongNg, W Matsumoto, K Freyhardt, HC TI Solution buffer layers for ybco coated-conductors SO FABRICATION OF LONG-LENGTH AND BULK HIGH TERMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fabrication of Long-Length and Bulk High-Temperature Superconductors CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID FILMS; DEPOSITION AB A single layer of La2Zr2O7 (LZO), deposited on textured Ni and Ni-3%W (Ni-W) tapes by a low-cost sol-gel process, is used as a buffer layer for the growth of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coated conductors. It is shown for the first time that such single buffer layers can be used for the deposition of YBCO yielding critical current densities (J(c)) that are comparable to those typically obtained using CeO2/YSZ/Y2O3 tri-layers on identical substrates, i.e. in excess of 1 MA/cm(2) on nickel substrates and close to 2 MA/cm2 on Ni-W substrates (which has a sharper texture) at 77K and self-field. Reel-to-reel deposition of LZO buffer layers in long lengths and their use in fabrication of coated conductors in long lengths has also been demonstrated. These results offer promise to the fabrication of low cost all-solution coated conductors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sathyamurthy, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013; OI Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-204-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 149 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY77B UT WOS:000189459000001 ER PT S AU Ma, B Li, M Fisher, BL Koritala, RE Baurceanu, RM Dorris, SE Balachandran, U AF Ma, B Li, M Fisher, BL Koritala, RE Baurceanu, RM Dorris, SE Balachandran, U BE Meng, R Goyal, A WongNg, W Matsumoto, K Freyhardt, HC TI Inclined-substrate pulsed laser deposition of yttria-stabilized zirconia template film for YBCO coated conductors SO FABRICATION OF LONG-LENGTH AND BULK HIGH TERMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fabrication of Long-Length and Bulk High-Temperature Superconductors CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID MGO; TAPES AB Biaxially textured films of yttria- stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were deposited on Hastelloy C276 (HC) substrates by inclined-substrate pulsed laser deposition (ISPLD). This method is promising for fabrication of YSZ templates on polycrystalline metallic tapes for coated conductor applications. Scanning electron microscopy showed columnar grains in ISPLD-YSZ films. X-ray pole figure analysis revealed good biaxial alignment in these films. The in-plane texture was determined to be approximate to16degrees from the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) in the YSZ (111) phi-scan; and the out-of-plane texture was approximate to8degrees from the FWHM in the YSZ (002) omega-scan. Before the deposition of YBCO films by pulsed laser deposition, a thin layer of CeO2 was deposited on the ISPLD-YSZ. The YBCO deposited on ISPLD-YSZ-buffered HC substrates were biaxially textured. T-c = 90 K and J(c) = 180 kA/cm(2) at 77 K in self-field were measured. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-204-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 149 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY77B UT WOS:000189459000003 ER PT S AU Paranthaman, MP Aytug, T Zhai, HY Christen, HM Christen, DK Goyal, A Heatherly, L Kroeger, DM AF Paranthaman, MP Aytug, T Zhai, HY Christen, HM Christen, DK Goyal, A Heatherly, L Kroeger, DM BE Meng, R Goyal, A WongNg, W Matsumoto, K Freyhardt, HC TI Development of low-cost alternative buffer layer architectures for YBCO coated conductors SO FABRICATION OF LONG-LENGTH AND BULK HIGH TERMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fabrication of Long-Length and Bulk High-Temperature Superconductors CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID THICK YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; DEPOSITION; IBAD AB We have developed a simpler alternative buffer layer architecture for Rolling-Assisted Biaxially Textured Substrates (RABiTS) approach. Cube textured MgO buffers were grown directly on biaxially textured Ni and Ni-W substrates. MgO has been proved to be a good diffusion barrier for oxygen. In addition, LaMnO3 (LMO) has been identified as a compatible buffer layer for MgO and it also provides a good template for growing high current density YBCO films. We have optimized the growth of LMO layers on MgO/Ni using rf sputtering. Sputtered CeO2 cap layers were also grown on LMO layers for compatibility with Ex-situ YBCO process. YBCO films with a J(c) of 500,000 A/cm(2) at 77 K and self-field were grown on this newly developed architecture of CeO2/LMO/MgO/Ni using pulsed laser deposition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paranthaman, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-204-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 149 BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY77B UT WOS:000189459000005 ER PT S AU Aytug, T Paranthaman, MP Goyal, A Gapud, A Rutter, N Zhai, HY Christen, DK AF Aytug, T Paranthaman, MP Goyal, A Gapud, A Rutter, N Zhai, HY Christen, DK BE Meng, R Goyal, A WongNg, W Matsumoto, K Freyhardt, HC TI Development of conductive La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 buffer layers for Cu-based rabits SO FABRICATION OF LONG-LENGTH AND BULK HIGH TERMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fabrication of Long-Length and Bulk High-Temperature Superconductors CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB For the development of YBa2CU3O7-delta (YBCO)-based coated conductors for electric power applications, it is desirable to electrically and thermally stabilize the high temperature superconducting (HTS) coating during its operation. In addition, use of non-magnetic substrates is an equally important consideration in conductor configurations, in order to reduce ferromagnetic hysteresis energy loss in ac applications. We have developed a conductive buffer layer of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) on biaxially textured non-magnetic Cu substrates to electrically couple the HTS layer to the underlying metal substrate. Property characterizations of YBCO films on LSMO/Ni/Cu multilayer architecture revealed good electrical connectivity over the entire structure. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Aytug, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-204-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 149 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY77B UT WOS:000189459000008 ER PT S AU Leonard, KJ Kang, S Kang, B Goyal, A Kroeger, DM AF Leonard, KJ Kang, S Kang, B Goyal, A Kroeger, DM BE Meng, R Goyal, A WongNg, W Matsumoto, K Freyhardt, HC TI Analytical transmission electron microscopy of thick YBa2Cu3O7-delta films on rabits SO FABRICATION OF LONG-LENGTH AND BULK HIGH TERMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fabrication of Long-Length and Bulk High-Temperature Superconductors CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; COATED CONDUCTORS; Y2O3 INCLUSIONS; DEPOSITION RATE; MICROSTRUCTURE; SUBSTRATE; GROWTH; SRTIO3; ORIENTATION AB Microstructural changes related to the critical current density dependence on film thickness in superconducting YBa2CU3O7-delta (YBCO) films have been investigated through electron microscopy. Pulsed laser deposited YBCO films ranging in thickness from 0.19 to 6.4 mum were grown on rolling assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) having two different buffer layer architectures. Remarkable improvements in the YBCO microstructure were observed in samples deposited on Ni-3%W, with a thick Y2O3 seed layer. Films grown on this structure showed little random oriented grain formations along with minimal interfacial reactions. The causes of reduced performance with increased film thickness will be addressed for both RABiTS architectures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Supercond Mat Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kang, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Supercond Mat Grp, Div Met & Ceram, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-204-4 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 149 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BY77B UT WOS:000189459000014 ER PT J AU Gessner, O Chrysostom, ETH Lee, AMD Wardlaw, DM Ho, ML Lee, SJ Cheng, BM Zgierski, MZ Chen, IC Shaffer, JP Hayden, CC Stolow, A AF Gessner, O Chrysostom, ETH Lee, AMD Wardlaw, DM Ho, ML Lee, SJ Cheng, BM Zgierski, MZ Chen, IC Shaffer, JP Hayden, CC Stolow, A TI Non-adiabatic intramolecular and photodissociation dynamics studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron and coincidence imaging spectroscopy SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting on Non-Adiabiatic Effects in Chemical Dynamics CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Univ Oxford ID NITRIC-OXIDE DIMER; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; NO DIMER; 193 NM; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; ELECTRONIC STATES; EXCITED-STATE; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODISSOCIATION; INTERNAL STATES; FRAGMENT HCO AB Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) is emerging as a useful tool for the study of non-adiabatic dynamics in isolated polyatomic molecules and clusters due to its sensitivity to both electronic and vibrational dynamics. A powerful extension of TRPES, coincidence imaging spectroscopy (CIS), based upon femtosecond time-resolved 3D momentum vector imaging of both photoions and photoelectrons in coincidence, is a new technique for the study of complex dissociative processes. Here we show how these spectroscopies can be used to study both non-adiabatic intramolecular and photodissociation dynamics in polyatomic molecules. Intramolecular dynamics in the alpha,beta-enones acrolein, crotonaldehyde and methyl vinyl ketone are studied using both TRPES and laser-induced fluorescence of HCO(X) product yields. The location of the methyl group is seen to have very dramatic effects on the relative electronic relaxation rates and the HCO( X) yield. Applying both TRPES and CIS to the 200 nm and 209 nm photodissociation of the nitric oxide dimer, (NO)(2), we observe the fs time-scale evolution of the excited parent neutral via its photoelectron spectrum and the emergence of the NO( A) photofragment including its energy and angular distributions. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gessner, O (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. EM icchen@mx.nthu.edu.tw; James.P.Shaffer-1@ou.edu; cchayde@sandia.gov; albert.stolow@nrc.ca NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2004 VL 127 BP 193 EP 212 DI 10.1039/b316742a PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 844EE UT WOS:000223139400013 PM 15471347 ER PT J AU Dumas, P Jamin, N Teillaud, JL Miller, LM Beccard, B AF Dumas, P Jamin, N Teillaud, JL Miller, LM Beccard, B TI Imaging capabilities of synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; LIPIDS; CELLS AB It has become increasingly clear that synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy is an extremely valuable analysis tool when determining the chemical composition of biological and biomedical samples, at the diffraction-limited spatial resolution. Highly resolved infrared micro-spectroscopy, together with the high signal-to-noise level of the recorded spectra, is essential in generating chemical and statistical (multivariate) images. This is illustrated in the case of individual cell and hair section studies. Unprecedented chemical images of lipid distribution and secondary structure relative concentration have been achieved using the synchrotron source. A comparison with a Focal plane Array imaging system, on the same hair section, shows that, despite the fast imaging processing and improved quality achieved with the focal plane array detectors, spectral quality is markedly superior in the case of the synchrotron source. It is clear that the two approaches could be very complementary if combined on the same sample area, in a synchrotron facility. C1 Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LURE CNRS, F-91898 Orsay, France. CEA Saclay, DBJC, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CNRS, URA 2096, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Ctr Rech Biomed Cordeliers, INSERM, Unite 255, F-75270 Paris 06, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Thermo Nicolet, F-78180 Montigny Le Bretonneux, France. RP Dumas, P (reprint author), Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LURE CNRS, Bat 209D, F-91898 Orsay, France. NR 33 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2004 VL 126 BP 289 EP 302 DI 10.1039/b305065c PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 755HN UT WOS:000187397600022 PM 14992414 ER PT J AU Auciello, O Dhote, AM Liu, BT Aggarwal, S Ramesh, R AF Auciello, O Dhote, AM Liu, BT Aggarwal, S Ramesh, R TI Materials integration strategies SO FERROELECTRIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORIES FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS SE TOPICS IN APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTING BARRIER; TI-AL; FERROELECTRIC CAPACITORS; OXIDATION-KINETICS; MEMORY DEVICES; IN-SITU; GROWTH; LAYERS; ELECTRODES AB In this chapter, materials integration strategies for the fabrication of high-density nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories (FeRAMs), are discussed, in which unique combinations of in situ and ex situ analytical techniques capable of providing information about thin-film surface and interface processes at the atomic scale are used. These methods are also useful for establishing composition-microstructure-property relationships critical for the integration of ferroelectric capacitors with silicon microcircuits. We demonstrate that Ti-Al layers can be used as a material with a double diffusion barrier/bottom electrode functionality for integration of ferroelectric capacitors with complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices for the fabrication of FeRAMs. We discuss here results from systematic studies designed to understand Ti-Al film growth and oxidation processes using sputter-deposition in conjunction with complementary in situ atomic layer-resolution mass spectroscopy of recoil ion (MSRI) and surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ transmission electron microscopy and electrical characterization. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM auciello@msd.anl.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 J9 TOP APPL PHYS PY 2004 VL 93 BP 105 EP 122 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BAF09 UT WOS:000221928700008 ER PT S AU Kalinin, SV Shin, J Kachanov, M Karapetian, E Baddorf, AP AF Kalinin, SV Shin, J Kachanov, M Karapetian, E Baddorf, AP BE HoffmannEifert, S Funakubo, H Joshi, V Kingon, AI Koutsaroff, IP TI Nanoelectromechanics of piezoresponse force microscopy: Contact properties, fields below the surface and polarization switching SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS XII SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films XII held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON AG, Gennum Corp, Kojundo Chem Lab Co Ltd, Symetrix Corp, Tegal Corp, ULVAC Inc ID DOMAIN AB To achieve quantitative interpretation of Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM), including resolution limits, tip bias- and strain-induced phenomena and spectroscopy, knowledge of elastic and electrostatic field distributions below the tip is required. The exact closed form solution of the coupled electroelastic problem for piezoelectric indentation is derived and used to obtain the tip-induced electric field and strain distribution in the ferroelectric material. This establishes a complete continuum mechanics description of the PFM imaging mechanism. These solutions are reduced to the point charge/force behavior for large separations from contact, and the applicability limits and charge/force magnitude for these models are established. The implications of these results for ferroelectric polarization switching processes are analyzed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Kachanov, Mark/F-7571-2015; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Kachanov, Mark/0000-0002-6354-0341; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-722-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 784 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAH06 UT WOS:000222178100007 ER PT S AU Lee, HN Christen, HM Rouleau, CM Senz, S Lee, SK Hesse, D Lowndes, DH AF Lee, HN Christen, HM Rouleau, CM Senz, S Lee, SK Hesse, D Lowndes, DH BE HoffmannEifert, S Funakubo, H Joshi, V Kingon, AI Koutsaroff, IP TI Compositionally asymmetric tri-color superlattices grown by pulsed laser deposition SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS XII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films XII held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON AG, Gennum Corp, Kojundo Chem Lab Co Ltd, Symetrix Corp, Tegal Corp, ULVAC Inc ID SRTIO3 AB Compositionally asymmetric tri-color superlattices (TCS) with a combination of BaTiO3/SrTiO3/CaTiO3 have been grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on atomically-flat SrRuO3-covered (001) SrTiO3 substrates. Conducting SrRuO3 films with single-terrace steps that closely mimic those of the SrTiO3 substrate also were grown by PLD and serve as bottom electrodes. In order to achieve atomic control of each layer, we have calibrated precisely the number of laser pulses required to grow one unit-cell-thick layers (similar to200 for a laser spot of 0.4 mm(2)). These conditions allowed recording of pronounced oscillations of the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) specular spot intensity over the entire growth run-even for TCS layers totaling more than 1000 nm in total thickness. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, HN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012; Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975; Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-722-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 784 BP 127 EP 131 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAH06 UT WOS:000222178100020 ER PT J AU Francoual, S Shibata, K De Boissieu, M Baron, AQR Tsutsui, S Currat, R Takakura, H Tsai, AP Lograsso, TA Ross, AR AF Francoual, S Shibata, K De Boissieu, M Baron, AQR Tsutsui, S Currat, R Takakura, H Tsai, AP Lograsso, TA Ross, AR TI Experimental study of phonon dynamics in the icosahedral i-CdYb phase and its 1/1 periodic approximant SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Aperiodic 2003 Conference CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Belo Horizonte, BRAZIL DE quasicrystals; approximants; lattice dynamics; inelastic X-ray scattering AB We report on a comparative dynamical study carried out by inelastic X-ray scattering on the i-Cd5.7Yb quasicrystal and on its 1/1 approximant Cd6Yb. The phonon response function is shown to be very similar in both systems, with well defined acoustic modes for small wavevector values and dispersionless optical bands centred around 4, 9 and 16 meV. However the acoustic regime is found to be more limited in the i-phase. C1 ENSEEG, CNRS, UMR 5614, LTPCM, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Neutron Sci Res Ctr, Oarai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. SPring 8, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. NIMS, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. NIMS, Mat Engn Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Francoual, S (reprint author), ENSEEG, CNRS, UMR 5614, LTPCM, F-38042 Grenoble, France. EM sfranco@ltpcm.inpg.fr RI Takakura, Hiroyuki/D-6146-2012 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2004 VL 305 BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1080/00150190490462937 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 842TU UT WOS:000223028000048 ER PT J AU Lanceros-Mendez, S Schmidt, VH Shapiro, SA AF Lanceros-Mendez, S Schmidt, VH Shapiro, SA TI Paraelectric-antiferroelectric phase coexistence in the deuteron glass Rb-0.5(ND4)(0.5)D2AsO4 SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Meeting on Ferroelectricity CY AUG 03-08, 2003 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND DE proton glass; coexistence; neutron diffraction; antiferroelectrics ID PROTON GLASS AB Neutron diffraction was used to study the paraelectric (PE) to antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transition in a deuteron glass crystal Rb-0.5(ND4)(0.5)D(2)ASO(4) (DRADA-50). Coexistence of AFE and PE phases was proven in a temperature range 7-12 K wide. C1 Univ Minho, Dept Fis, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lanceros-Mendez, S (reprint author), Univ Minho, Dept Fis, P-4710057 Braga, Portugal. RI lanceros-mendez, senentxu/A-1730-2011 OI lanceros-mendez, senentxu/0000-0001-6791-7620 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2004 VL 300 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1080/00150190490443334 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 832XL UT WOS:000222300900011 ER PT S AU Dawson, JW Beach, R Jovanovic, I Wattellier, B Liao, Z Payne, SA Barty, CPJ AF Dawson, JW Beach, R Jovanovic, I Wattellier, B Liao, Z Payne, SA Barty, CPJ BE Durvasula, LN TI Large flattened mode optical fiber for reduction of non-linear effects in optical fiber lasers SO FIBER LASERS: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers CY JAN 26-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE fiber lasers; chirped pulse amplification; large mode area fiber amplifiers AB We have developed and demonstrated a large flattened mode (LFM) optical fiber, which raises the threshold for nonlinear interactions in the fiber core by a factor of 2.5 over conventional large mode area fiber amplifiers. The LFM fiber works by incorporating a raised index ring around the outer edge of the fiber core, which serves to flatten the fundamental fiber mode from a Bessel function to a top hat function. This increases the effective area of the core intersected by the mode by a factor of 2.5 without increasing the physical size of the core. This is because the core is uniformly illuminated by the LFM mode rather than having most of the light confined to the center of the core. We present experimental and theoretical results relating to this fiber and its design. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dawson, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Liao, Zhi/G-3729-2013 NR 4 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5243-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5335 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.52946 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAO16 UT WOS:000223058400018 ER PT S AU Gokhale, M Frigo, J Ahrens, C Tripp, JL Minnich, R AF Gokhale, M Frigo, J Ahrens, C Tripp, JL Minnich, R BE Becker, J Platzner, M Vernalde, S TI Monte Carlo radiative heat transfer simulation on a reconfigurable computer SO FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2004 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP Interuniv MicroElect Ctr AB Recently, the appearance of very large (3 - 10M gate) FPGAs with embedded arithmetic units has opened the door to the possibility of floating point computation on these devices. While previous researchers have described peak performance or kernel matrix operations, there is as yet relatively little experience with mapping an application-specific floating point loop onto FPGAs. In this work, we port a supercomputer application benchmark onto Xilinx Virtex II and Virtex II Pro FPGAs and compare performance with three Pentium IV Xeon microprocessors. Our results show that this application-specific pipeline, with 12 multiply, 10 add/subtract, one divide, and two compare modules of single precision floating point data type, shows speed up of 10.37x. We analyze the tradeoffs between hardware and software to characterize the algorithms that will perform well on current and future FPGA architectures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22989-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3203 BP 95 EP 104 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAV58 UT WOS:000223803500012 ER PT B AU Keahey, K Doering, K Foster, I AF Keahey, K Doering, K Foster, I BE Buyya, R TI From sandbox to playground: Dynamic virtual environments in the grid SO FIFTH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GRID COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Grid Computing CY NOV 08, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Task Force Cluster Comp, ACM, Microsoft Corp AB Much experience has been gained with the protocols and mechanisms needed for discovery and allocation of remote computational resources. However, the preparation of a remote computer for use by a distributed application also requires the creation of an appropriate execution environment, which remains an ad hoc and often clumsy process. We propose here a codification of the interactions required to negotiate the creation of new execution environments. In brief we model dynamic virtual environments (DVEs) as first-class entities in a distributed environment, with Grid service interfaces defined to negotiate creation, monitor properties, and manage lifetime. We also show how such DVEs can be implemented in a variety of technologies-sandboxes, virtual machines, or simply Unix accounts-and evaluate costs associated with these different approaches. DVEs provide a basis for both customization Of a remote computer to meet user needs and also enforcement of resource usage and security policies. They can also simplify the administration of virtual organizations (VOs), by allowing new environments to be created automatically, subject to local and VO policy. Thus, DVEs have the potential to relieve much of the current administrative burden involved in providing and using Grid resources. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Keahey, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2256-4 PY 2004 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1109/GRID.2004.32 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBG29 UT WOS:000225415700005 ER PT B AU Bhat, V Klasky, S Atchley, S Beck, M McCune, D Parashar, M AF Bhat, V Klasky, S Atchley, S Beck, M McCune, D Parashar, M BE Buyya, R TI High performance threaded data streaming for large scale simulations SO FIFTH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GRID COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Grid Computing CY NOV 08, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE, Task Force Cluster Comp, ACM, Microsoft Corp AB We have developed a threaded parallel data streaming approach using Logistical Networking (LN) to transfer multi-terabyte simulation data from computers at NERSC to our local analysis/visualization cluster, as the simulation executes, with negligible overhead. Data transfer experiments show that this concurrent data transfer approach is more favorable compared with writing to local disk and later transferring this data to be post-processed. Our algorithms are network aware, and can stream data at up to 97Mbs on a 100Mbs link from CA to NJ during a live simulation, using less than 5% CPU overhead at NERSC. This method is the first step in setting up a pipeline for simulation workflow and data management. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Bhat, V (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2256-4 PY 2004 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1109/GRID.2004.36 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBG29 UT WOS:000225415700029 ER PT B AU Hengartner, NW Wegkamp, MH AF Hengartner, NW Wegkamp, MH BE Rojo, J PerezAbreu, V TI Second order asymptotics for M-estimators under non-standard conditions SO First Erich L. Lehmann Symposium - Optimality SE INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS LECTURE NOTES - MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Erich L Lehmann Symposium CY MAY 23-25, 2002 CL Guanajuato, MEXICO SP CIMAT, Rice Univ DE bootstrap; Edgeworth expansion; M-estimation; second order asymptotics; Stochastic approximation ID EDGEWORTH EXPANSIONS; U-STATISTICS; BOOTSTRAP AB This paper establishes, under non-standard conditions, an explicit stochastic approximation of studentized M-estimators (theta) over cap (n), implicitly defined as solutions En to Sigma(n)(j=1) psi(X-j, (theta) over cap) = o(n(-1)), by a U-statistic U-n that is probably concentrated about (theta) over cap (n) in the sense that IP[vertical bar($) over cap - U-n vertical bar > (nlogn)(-1)] = o(n(-1/2)). The expansion and concentration hold under weaker smoothness conditions on V) than those assumed by Lahiri (1994). This approximation is key in rigorously establishing a second order expansion for the sampling distribution of the studentized estimator. Under stronger smoothness assumptions on V), a similar expansion relates the bootstrap approximation to the true distribution of the studentized M-estimator. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp D1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hengartner, NW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp D1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI HAYWARD PA C/O B E TRUMBO, 3401 INVESTMENT BLVD 6, HAYWARD, CA 94545 USA BN 0-940600-59-5 J9 INST MATH S PY 2004 VL 44 BP 107 EP 124 DI 10.1214/lnms/1215006767 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BCH68 UT WOS:000229337300006 ER PT J AU Barlow, RS Karpetis, AN AF Barlow, RS Karpetis, AN TI Measurements of scalar variance, scalar dissipation, and length scales in turbulent piloted methane/air jet flames SO FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION LA English DT Article DE turbulent flames; mixture fraction; scalar dissipation; Raman scattering ID RAYLEIGH-LIF MEASUREMENTS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; DIFFUSION FLAMES; CHEMISTRY INTERACTION; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; IMAGING-SYSTEM; COMBUSTION; LASER; TEMPERATURE AB One-dimensional ( line) measurements of mixture fraction, temperature, and scalar dissipation in piloted turbulent partially premixed methane/air jet flames (Sandia flames C, D, and E) are presented. The experimental facility combines line imaging of Raman scattering, Rayleigh scattering, and laser-induced CO fluorescence. Simultaneous single-shot measurements of temperature and the mass fractions of all the major species (N-2, O-2, CH4, CO2, H2O, CO, and H-2) are obtained along 7 mm segments with a nominal spatial resolution of 0.2 mm. Mixture fraction, xi, is then calculated from the measured mass fractions. Ensembles of instantaneous mixture fraction profiles at several streamwise locations are analyzed to quantify the effect of spatial averaging on the Favre average scalar variance, which is an important term in the modeling of turbulent nonpremixed flames. Results suggest that the fully resolved scalar variance may be estimated by simple extrapolation of spatially filtered measurements. Differentiation of the instantaneous mixture fraction profiles yields the radial contribution to the scalar dissipation, chi(r) = 2D(xi) (partial derivativexi/partial derivativer)(2), and radial profiles of the Favre mean and rms scalar dissipation are reported. Scalar length scales, based on autocorrelation of the spatial profiles of xi and chi(r), are also reported. These new data on this already well-documented series of flames should be useful in the context of validating models for sub-grid scalar variance and for scalar dissipation in turbulent flames. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Barlow, RS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM barlow@ca.sandia.gov NR 46 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6184 J9 FLOW TURBUL COMBUST JI Flow Turbul. Combust. PY 2004 VL 72 IS 2-4 BP 427 EP 448 DI 10.1023/B:APPL.0000044405.96071.e1 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 861AW UT WOS:000224389500018 ER PT S AU Rasmussen, KO Kalosakas, G Voulgarakis, NK Bishop, AR Choi, CH Usheva, A AF Rasmussen, KO Kalosakas, G Voulgarakis, NK Bishop, AR Choi, CH Usheva, A BE Abbott, D Bezrukov, SM Der, A Sanchez, A TI Thermally induced coherent vibrations in DNA SO FLUCTUATIONS AND NOISE IN BIOLOGICAL, BIOPHYSICAL, AND BIOMEDICAL SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fluctuations and Noise in Biological, Biophysical and Biomedical Systems II CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Maspalomas, SPAIN SP SPIE DE DNA; thermal fluctuations; bubble formation; dynamic structure factor; transcription ID NONLINEAR LATTICES; DENATURATION; LOCALIZATION; EXCITATIONS; RELAXATION; TRANSITION; MODEL AB We compare numerical calculations and experimental data showing that large, slow thermally-induced openings of double stranded DNA coincide with the location of functionally relevant sites for transcription. Investigating a bacteriophage DNA gene promoter segment, we find that the large opening tends to occur at the transcription start site. Other probable large openings appear to be related to other regulatory sites. Sequence specificity, nonlinearity and entropy, are the basic elements for controlling coherent dynamics. To further characterize the dynamics related to the bubble formation we investigate the temperature dependence on the dynamic structure factor. A distinct feature in the dynamics structure factor is identified and attributed to the denaturation bubbles. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rasmussen, KO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5390-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5467 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1117/12.548416 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Physics, Applied SC Biophysics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Physics GA BAQ26 UT WOS:000223199800023 ER PT B AU Curro, NJ AF Curro, NJ BE Popovic, D Weissman, MB Racz, ZA TI Glassy spin dynamics in a stripe ordered cuprate system SO FLUCTUATIONS AND NOISE IN MATERIALS SE SPIE PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fluctuations and Noise in Materials CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Maspalomas, SPAIN SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, SPIE, Soc Espanola Opt DE NMR; stripes; cuprates ID LA2-XSRXCUO4; LA1.65EU0.2SR0.15CUO4; RELAXATIONS AB The unusual glassy dynamics exhibited by the spin fluctuations in the stripe-ordered cuprates can be quantitatively measured by La nuclear magnetic resonance. We analyze the spin lattice relaxation data in the low temperature tetragonal structural phase of La1.8-x,Eu0.2SrxCuO4 and find that there is a distribution of local fluctuations times, with a Vogel-Fulcher temperature dependence. Furthermore, the data are consistent with a stretched exponential form for the dynamical spin correlation function, typical of glassy systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Curro, NJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM curro@lanl.gov RI Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-5392-7 J9 SPIE PROC SER PY 2004 BP 114 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.537625 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAQ88 UT WOS:000223225100015 ER PT B AU Reichhardt, C AF Reichhardt, C BE Popovic, D Weissman, MB Racz, ZA TI Noise near charge ordering transitions SO FLUCTUATIONS AND NOISE IN MATERIALS SE SPIE PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fluctuations and Noise in Materials CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Maspalomas, SPAIN SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, SPIE, Soc Espanola Opt DE metal-insulator; conduction noise; glasses; melting ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; VORTEX LATTICES; VOLTAGE NOISE; PHASE-DIAGRAM; FLUX; LIQUIDS; FLOW; SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUCTUATIONS AB We analyze the noise fluctuations near charge ordering transitions in disordered materials. In particular we consider a. two-dimensional (2D) system at finite temperature with a fixed number of defect sites and increase the number of mobile charges. We find that for a high density of charges the system forms a high mobility liquid with low spectral power and a white noise characteristic. As the density of charges is lowered we find a coexistence of liquid regions with locally frozen regions. In this regime the noise power is high and has a 1/f(alpha) form with alpha similar to 0.5 to 1.5. For the low charge density regime we find a disordered frozen regime where all the charges are localized. We also find that for increasing temperature the noise power drops. We compare our results to recent noise experiments on the 2D metal-insulator transition and the vortex-liquid to vortex glass transition found in superconductors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, T CNLS, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T CNLS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-5392-7 J9 SPIE PROC SER PY 2004 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.546861 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAQ88 UT WOS:000223225100018 ER PT B AU Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, CJO BE Popovic, D Weissman, MB Racz, ZA TI Noise and dislocation formation in atomistic friction simulations SO FLUCTUATIONS AND NOISE IN MATERIALS SE SPIE PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fluctuations and Noise in Materials CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Maspalomas, SPAIN SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mat Res, SPIE, Soc Espanola Opt DE friction; colloids; voltage noise; melting ID SCALE MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FORCES; SLIP; FLOW AB We use large-scale atomistic simulations to study the work-hardening process that occurs when two metals slide against one another. Dislocations form at the interface between the work pieces and then migrate into the bulk. We examine the relationship between the velocity noise signature at the atomistic level and the number of dislocations present. We compare these signatures to those observed in a system of a single particle dragged through a lattice; where local melting can occur. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-12, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA BN 0-8194-5392-7 J9 SPIE PROC SER PY 2004 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1117/12.546859 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAQ88 UT WOS:000223225100037 ER PT J AU Marsh, LK AF Marsh, L. K. TI Primate-based community education SO FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE primates; local communities; education; conservation C1 [Marsh, L. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM lkmarsh@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0015-5713 J9 FOLIA PRIMATOL JI Folia Primatol. PY 2004 VL 75 SU 1 MA 62 BP 35 EP 35 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V50KS UT WOS:000203407800064 ER PT J AU Bamberger, JA Greenwood, MS AF Bamberger, JA Greenwood, MS TI Non-invasive characterization of fluid foodstuffs based on ultrasonic measurements SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE slurry density measurement; liquid density measurement; speed of sound measurement; slurry concentration measurement; weight percent solids measurement; suspension characterization; attenuation measurement; ultrasonic sensor; on-line sensor; process control; noninvasive; reflection coefficient; acoustic velocity measurement; food process measurement ID DENSITY; SENSOR AB The food industry can benefit from a highly sensitive, non-invasive, self-calibrating, on-line sensor for characterizing liquid or slurry in process vessels during mixing, settling, stationary, or flowing conditions by measuring the reflections at the fluid-sensor interface, sound speed, and attenuation of ultrasound to determine the fluid density and solids concentration. The sensor system was developed by staff at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The sensor transducers are mounted directly on the stainless steel wall and the pipeline wall becomes part of the measurement system. Multiple reflections within the stainless steel wall are used to determine the acoustic impedance of the liquid, where the acoustic impedance is defined as the product of the density and the speed of sound. The probe becomes self-calibrating because variations in the pulser voltage do not affect the measurements. By basing the measurement upon multiple reflections, the sensitivity of the measurement is significantly increased. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K7-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM judith.bamberger@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PY 2004 VL 37 IS 6 BP 621 EP 625 DI 10.1016/j.foodres.2004.03.005 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 828BQ UT WOS:000221948100011 ER PT S AU Corlett, JN Barletta, WA DeSantis, S Doolittle, L Fawley, WM Heimann, P Leone, S Lidia, S Li, D Penn, G Ratti, A Reinsch, M Schoenlein, R Staples, J Stover, G Virostek, S Wan, W Wells, R Wilcox, R Wolski, A Wurtele, J Zholents, A AF Corlett, JN Barletta, WA DeSantis, S Doolittle, L Fawley, WM Heimann, P Leone, S Lidia, S Li, D Penn, G Ratti, A Reinsch, M Schoenlein, R Staples, J Stover, G Virostek, S Wan, W Wells, R Wilcox, R Wolski, A Wurtele, J Zholents, A BE Biedron, SG Eberhardt, W Ishikawa, T Tatchyn, RO TI LUX: A design study for a linac-/laser-based ultrafast x-ray source SO FOURTH GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth Generation X-Ray Sources and Optics II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE ultrafast; x-ray; accelerator; free-electron laser; attosecond; femtosecond ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; GENERATION AB We describe the design concepts for a potential future source of femtosecond x-ray pulses based on synchrotron radiation production in a recirculating electron linac. Using harmonic cascade free-electron lasers (FEL's) and spontaneous emission in short-period, narrow-gap insertion devices, a broad range of photon energies are available with tunability from EUV to hard x-ray regimes. Photon pulse durations are controllable and range from 10 fs to 200 fs, with fluxes 10(7)-10(12) photons per pulse. Full spatial and temporal coherence is obtained for EUV and soft X-rays. A fiber laser master oscillator and stabilized timing distribution scheme are proposed to synchronize accelerator rf systems and multiple lasers throughout the facility, allowing timing synchronization between sample excitation and X-ray probe of approximately 20-50 fs. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Corlett, JN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014; wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016; OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566; wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297; Wolski, Andrzej/0000-0002-5057-5588 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5472-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5534 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.555946 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI16 UT WOS:000225599300001 ER PT S AU Lewellen, JW AF Lewellen, JW BE Biedron, SG Eberhardt, W Ishikawa, T Tatchyn, RO TI High-brightness electron guns for linac-based light sources SO FOURTH GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth Generation X-Ray Sources and Optics II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE FEL injector electron gun emittance ID LASER AB Most proposed linac-based light sources, such as single-pass free-electron lasers and energy-recovery-linacs, require very high-brightness electron beams in order to achieve their design performance. These beam requirements must be achieved not on an occasional basis, but rather must be met by every bunch produced by the source over extended periods of time. It is widely assumed that the beam source will be a photocathode electron gun; the selection of accelerator technique (e.g., dc or rf) for the gun is more dependent on the application. The current state of the art of electron beam production is adequate but not ideal for the first generation of linac-based light sources, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source [1] (LCLS) x-ray free-electron laser (X-FEL). For the next generation of linac-based light sources, an order of magnitude reduction in the transverse electron beam emittance is required to significantly reduce the cost of the facility. This is beyond the present state of the art, given the other beam properties that must be maintained. The requirements for current and future linac-based light source beam sources are presented here, along with a review of the present state of the art. A discussion of potential paths towards meeting future needs is presented at the conclusion. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lewellen, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5472-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5534 BP 22 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.557378 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI16 UT WOS:000225599300003 ER PT S AU Ryutov, DD AF Ryutov, DD BE Biedron, SG Eberhardt, W Ishikawa, T Tatchyn, RO TI Multi-pulse effects in the damage to the LCLS reflective optics SO FOURTH GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth Generation X-Ray Sources and Optics II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; high-fluence damage; thermal fatigue ID COHERENT-LIGHT SOURCE; X-RAY OPTICS; ELECTRON CASCADES; DIAMOND AB The planned Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will operate at a rate of 120 x-ray pulses per second. Therefore, when considering effects leading to the damage to its optics, one has to be concerned not only with a possible damage within one pulse, but also with effects accumulating during many pulses. Two of such effects: a thermal fatigue, and the intensity-dependent radiation damage, have been identified and analyzed in this paper. Constraints on the admissible fluence per pulse have been derived and ways for decreasing the impact of the multi-pulse effects have been suggested. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5472-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5534 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1117/12.559091 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI16 UT WOS:000225599300007 ER PT S AU Li, YL Krinsky, S Lewellen, JW Sajaev, V AF Li, YL Krinsky, S Lewellen, JW Sajaev, V BE Biedron, SG Eberhardt, W Ishikawa, T Tatchyn, RO TI Optical properties of the output of a high-gain, self-amplified free-electron laser SO FOURTH GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth Generation X-Ray Sources and Optics II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE free-electron lasers ID SASE FEL RADIATION; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; X-RAYS; FLUCTUATIONS; NOISE; REGIME; PULSES AB The temporal structure and phase evolutions of a high-gain, self-amplified free-electron laser are measured, including single-shot analysis and statistics over an ensemble of many shots. Excellent agreement with the theory of free-electron laser (FEL) and photon statistics is found. This is an important step towards understanding and controlling the radiation in such FEL pulses. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5472-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5534 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.559592 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI16 UT WOS:000225599300008 ER PT S AU Moon, SJ Fournier, KB Scott, H Chung, HK Lee, RW AF Moon, SJ Fournier, KB Scott, H Chung, HK Lee, RW BE Biedron, SG Eberhardt, W Ishikawa, T Tatchyn, RO TI Optical pumping experiments on next-generation light sources SO FOURTH GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND OPTICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth Generation X-Ray Sources and Optics II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE laser produced plasma; X-ray spectroscopy; free electron laser ID X-RAY LASERS; RESONANCE-FLUORESCENCE; PLASMA AB Laser-based plasma spectroscopic techniques have been used with great success to determine the line shapes of atomic transitions in plasmas, study the population kinetics of atomic systems embedded in plasmas, and look at the redistribution of radiation. However, the possibilities for optical lasers end for plasmas with n(e) > 10(22) cm(-3) as light propagation is severely altered by the plasma. The construction of the Tesla Test Facility (TTF) at DESY (Deutsche Elektronen-Synchrotron), a short pulse tunable free electron laser in the vacuum-ultraviolet and soft X-ray regime (VUV FEL), based on the SASE (self amplified spontaneous emission) process, will provide a major advance in the capability for dense plasma-related research. This source will provide 10(13) photons in a 200 fs duration pulse that is tunable from similar to 6 nm to 100 nm. Since an VUV FEL will not have the limitation associated with optical lasers the entire field of high density plasmas kinetics in laser produced plasma will then be available to study with the tunable source. Thus, one will be able to use this and other FEL x-ray sources to pump individual transitions creating enhanced population in the excited states that can be easily monitored. We show two case studies illuminating different aspects of plasma spectroscopy. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moon, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-473, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5472-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5534 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.560180 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI16 UT WOS:000225599300010 ER PT S AU Zholents, AA Fawley, WM AF Zholents, AA Fawley, WM BE Biedron, SG Eberhardt, W Ishikawa, T Tatchyn, RO TI Towards attosecond x-ray pulses from the FEL SO FOURTH GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND OPTICS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth Generation X-Ray Sources and Optics II CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE x-ray; attosecond; FEL; synchrotron light source ID LASER; GENERATION; FIELDS AB We propose the use of a ultra-relativistic electron beam interacting with a few-cycle, intense laser pulse and an intense pulse of the coherent x-rays to produce a multi-MW intensity, x-ray pulses approximate to 100 attoseconds in duration. Due to a naturally-occurring frequency chirp, these pulses can be further temporally compressed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zholents, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM AAZholents@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5472-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5534 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.560176 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBI16 UT WOS:000225599300012 ER PT S AU Agafonov, AV Botman, JIM Bulyak, V Gladkikh, PI Kachinskiy, AV Karnaukhov, IM Lebedev, AN Mytsykov, AO Shcherbakov, AA Tatchyn, R Telegin, YN van der Wiel, M Zelinsky, AY AF Agafonov, AV Botman, JIM Bulyak, V Gladkikh, PI Kachinskiy, AV Karnaukhov, IM Lebedev, AN Mytsykov, AO Shcherbakov, AA Tatchyn, R Telegin, YN van der Wiel, M Zelinsky, AY BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI Spectral characteristics of an advanced X-ray generator at the KIPT based on Compton back-scattering SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE storage ring; Compton back-scattering; laser; laser cooling; synchrotron radiatio; emittance ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SCATTERING; ELECTRONS; BEAMS AB An international co-operative project to develop an advanced X-ray source on the basis of Compton back-scattering is described. The goal is the re-configuration of the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) N-100 storage ring to support the efficient interaction of its electron beam with a high power pulsed-laser cavity. At equilibrium both the electron and X-ray beams' phase space characteristics are determined by a balance of stochastic photon cooling and emission. In this paper the operating parameters and fundamental spectral and temporal properties of the novel source are summarized and the potential for its development. into an ultra-short pulse source is discussed. C1 PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. RP Agafonov, AV (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Agafonov, Alexey/E-3256-2014 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.514854 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300003 ER PT S AU Heimann, PA Padmore, HA Zholents, A AF Heimann, PA Padmore, HA Zholents, A BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI X-ray optical designs for the Linac-based Ultrafast X-ray source (LUX) SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; x-ray pulse compression; ultrafast; recirculating linac ID UNDULATOR AB The Linac-based Ultrafast X-ray source (LUX) is a proposed recirculating linear accelerator for the purpose of producing intense, tunable, high repetition rate ultrafast x-ray pulses. An angle-time or position-time correlation is induced in the electron bunches by a dipole-mode RF cavity. Undulators and wigglers are sources of synchrotron radiation. Asymmetrically-cut crystals are used as optical elements of an x-ray pulse compression scheme. X-ray pulse durations of 50-100 fs are obtained over a range of photon energies from 2 to 12 keV. An undulator beamline consists of a collimating mirror, two asymmetric crystals and Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors and provides compressed, monochromatic and focused x-rays for time-resolved experiments. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heimann, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.531363 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300005 ER PT S AU Adams, BW AF Adams, BW BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI Femtosecond coherent control of x-rays SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE dynamical diffraction; eikonal; Takagi; ultrafast processes ID STATISTICAL DYNAMICAL THEORY; PENDELLOSUNG FRINGES; DISTORTED CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; THEORIE; WAVES AB The dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction is extended in the form of an explicitly time-dependent synthesis of the Takagi-Taupin and eikonal theories of x-ray diffraction. Being based upon microscopic electromagnetism, the theory can describe time dependence on subpicosecond timescales. Several x-ray optical elements are proposed for the subpicosecond manipulation of x-rays. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adams, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 46 EP 55 DI 10.1117/12.505241 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300006 ER PT S AU Tatchyn, R AF Tatchyn, R BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI A LINAC-DRIVEN femtosecond polarized X-ray source SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-rays; femtosecond source; polarization; undulator; synchrotron radiation AB In recent months a novel femtosecond X-ray source, the Sub-Picosecond Photon Sourcxe (SPPS), has been commissioned at SLAC. The source consists of moderate-emittance electron bunches extracted from the SLAC Damping Rings, an acceleration through the SLAC 3km linac up to similar to28 GeV, compression through an initial compressor chicane followed by further compression through an existing SLAC dogleg in the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) tunnel, and generation of X-ray pulses of about the same temporal length (similar to80 fs) by an APS-built 28 period transverse undulator. In this note we consider the possibility of extending the capabilities of the SPPS to produce femtosecond pulses of arbitrary polarization, which would enable the impulsive excitation and study of ultrafast magnetic phenomena, a field hitherto inaccessible to experimental science. An analysis of the expected performance of the proposed source together with requirements for linac operation are presented. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tatchyn, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1117/12.514856 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300009 ER PT S AU Liu, J Wang, J Shan, B Wang, C Chang, Z AF Liu, J Wang, J Shan, B Wang, C Chang, Z BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI X-ray streak camera with 30-fs timing jitter SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE fast detector; streak camera; photoconductive switch; ultrashort laser; trigger jitter ID DIFFRACTION; MODE AB We demonstrated that the shot-to-shot timing jitter of a streak camera is reduced to 30 fs when it is triggered by a standard kilohertz laser with 1.2% rms fluctuation. Such small jitter was obtained by improving the response time of deflection plates and the rise time of a ramp pulse generated by a photoconductive switch and by operating the photoconductive switch at the optimum working condition. The temporal resolution of the x-ray streak camera operating in accumulation mode is better than 600 femtoseconds and is not limited by the timing jitter. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.503372 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300013 ER PT S AU Lowney, DP Heimann, PA Gullikson, EM MacPhee, AG Falcone, RW Padmore, HA AF Lowney, DP Heimann, PA Gullikson, EM MacPhee, AG Falcone, RW Padmore, HA BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI Characterization of CsI photocathodes at grazing incidence for use in a unit quantum efficiency x-ray streak camera SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE cesium iodide; photocathode; detector; streak camera quantum efficiency; angular dependence; electric field ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION; WAVELENGTH BAND 1-300; ALKALI-HALIDES; PHOTO-CATHODES; EVAPORATED-FILMS; ENERGY-RANGE; ULTRAVIOLET; INSULATORS; IODIDE; PHOTOABSORPTION AB The performance of CsI photocathodes has been characterized for use with grazing incidence soft x-rays. The total electron yield and pulsed quantum efficiency from a CsI photocathode has been measured in a reflection geometry as a function of photon energy (100 eV to 1 keV), angle of incidence and the electric field between the anode and photocathode. The total electron yield and pulsed quantum efficiency increase as the x-ray penetration depth approaches the secondary electron escape depth. Unit quantum efficiency in a grazing incidence geometry is demonstrated. A weak electric field dependence is observed for the total yield measurements; whilst no significant dependence is found for the pulsed quantum efficiency. Theoretical predictions agree accurately with experiment. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Expt Syst Grp, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. RP Lowney, DP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Expt Syst Grp, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.503412 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300015 ER PT S AU McDonald, J Weber, F Griffith, RL Holder, JP Bell, PM AF McDonald, J Weber, F Griffith, RL Holder, JP Bell, PM BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI Improvements in off-center focusing in an x-ray streak camera SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE curved photocathode; off-center focusing AB Due to the planar construction of present x-ray streak tubes significant off-center defocusing is observed in both static and dynamic images taken with one-dimensional resolution slits. Based on the streak tube geometry curved photocathodes with radii of curvature ranging from 3.5 to 18 inches have been fabricated. We report initial off-center focusing performance data on the evaluation of these "improved" photocathodes in an X-ray streak camera and an update on the theoretical simulations to predict the optimum cathode curvature. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McDonald, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.507020 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300018 ER PT S AU Kuba, J Shepherd, R Booth, R Stewart, R Lee, ECW Audebert, P Crane, JK Cross, RR Dunn, J Springer, PT AF Kuba, J Shepherd, R Booth, R Stewart, R Lee, ECW Audebert, P Crane, JK Cross, RR Dunn, J Springer, PT BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI Sub-picosecond streak camera measurements at LLNL: From IR to x-rays SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID LASERS AB An ultra fast, sub-picosecond resolution streak camera has been recently developed at the LLNL. The camera is a versatile instrument with a wide operating wavelength range. The temporal resolution of up to 300 fs can be achieved, with routine operation at 500 fs. The streak camera has been operated in a wide wavelength range from IR to x-rays up to 2 keV. In this paper we briefly review the main design features that result in the unique properties of the streak camera and present its several scientific applications: (1) Streak camera characterization using a Michelson interferometer in visible range, (2) temporally resolved study of a transient x-ray laser at 14.7 nm, which enabled us to vary the x-ray laser pulse duration from similar to2-6 ps by changing the pump laser parameters, and (3) an example of a time-resolved spectroscopy experiment with the streak camera. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kuba, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kuba@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.509702 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300020 ER PT S AU Lowry, ME Bennett, CV Vernon, SP Bond, T Welty, R Behymer, E Petersen, H Krey, A Stewart, R Kobayashi, NP Sperry, V Stephan, P Reinhardt, C Simpson, S Stratton, P Bionta, R McKernan, M Ables, E Ott, L Bond, S Ayers, J Landen, OL Bell, PM AF Lowry, ME Bennett, CV Vernon, SP Bond, T Welty, R Behymer, E Petersen, H Krey, A Stewart, R Kobayashi, NP Sperry, V Stephan, P Reinhardt, C Simpson, S Stratton, P Bionta, R McKernan, M Ables, E Ott, L Bond, S Ayers, J Landen, OL Bell, PM BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI RadSensor: Xray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE high-speed xray detector; optical nonlinearity; optical sensor; fiber-optic radiation sensor ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; 1.55 MU-M; NONLINEARITIES; GAAS AB We present a new x-ray detection technique based on optical measurement of the effects of x-ray absorption and electron hole pair creation in a direct band-gap semiconductor. The electron-hole pairs create a frequency dependent shift in optical refractive index and absorption. This is sensed by simultaneously directing an optical carrier beam through the same volume of semiconducting medium that has experienced an xray induced modulation in the electron-hole population. If the operating wavelength of the optical carrier beam is chosen to be close to the semiconductor band-edge, the optical carrier will be modulated significantly in phase and amplitude. This approach should be simultaneously capable of very high sensitivity and excellent temporal response, even in the difficult high-energy xray regime. At xray photon energies near 10 keV and higher, we believe that sub-picosecond temporal responses are possible with near single xray photon sensitivity. The approach also allows for the convenient and EMI robust transport of high-bandwidth information via fiber optics. Furthermore, the technology can be scaled to imaging applications. The basic physics of the detector, implementation considerations, and preliminary experimental data are presented and discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lowry, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009; Nikolic, Rebecca/C-3618-2009; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko/E-3834-2012 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739; NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1117/12.509747 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300021 ER PT S AU Bakeman, MS Evans, SC Oertel, JA Walsh, PJ Barnes, CW AF Bakeman, MS Evans, SC Oertel, JA Walsh, PJ Barnes, CW BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI Characterization of x-ray framing cameras for use in inertial confinement fusion and radiation hydrodynamics experiments SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE modulation transfer function; x-ray framing camera; microchannel plate; optical gate ID RESOLUTION AB We describe a gated microchannel plate (MCP) based Quantitative X-ray Imager (QXI) developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and measure some of its performance characteristics. Such imagers use propagating electrical pulses along microstrips on the MCP to quickly gate on and off portions Of the strip and hence provide fast framing capability (typically 100 ps frames with up to 1 ns time coverage). Three issues have been quantitatively studied using the QXI and another similar but older gated x-ray framing camera, the GXI-T: QXI pulse shapes generated by its pulse-forming modules: GXI-T optical pulse widths as a function of incident UV energy on the microchannel plate: and the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the QXI intensifier. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp P24, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bakeman, MS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp P24, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.511277 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300022 ER PT S AU Oertel, JA Archuleta, T Bakeman, M Sanchez, P Sandoval, G Schrank, L Walsh, P Pederson, N AF Oertel, JA Archuleta, T Bakeman, M Sanchez, P Sandoval, G Schrank, L Walsh, P Pederson, N BE Tatchyn, RO Chang, Z Kieffer, JC Hastings, JB TI A large-format gated x-ray framing camera SO FOURTH-GENERATION X-RAY SOURCES AND ULTRAFAST X-RAY DETECTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fourth-Generation X-Ray Sources and Ultrafast X-Ray Detectors CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE framing camera; MCP; x-ray; phosphor and CCD ID MICROSCOPE; PLATE; LASER AB The design, construction and implementation of a large-format gated x-ray camera (LFC) for the LANL inertial confinement fusion/radiation physics program is described. The active area of the detector is 105 mm x 105 mm using three 35 mm x 105 mm microchannel plates (MCP), that are proximity focused to a monolithic P-43 phosphor screen. Gating of the six-independent, 13 mm, tall electrical microstriplines, deposited on the MCP, is accomplished by six individually biased and delayed high-voltage electrical pulses. The electrical gating pulse is continuously adjustable from 200 ps to 1300 ps, yielding optical shutters 80 ps to 1000 ps. All electrical functions are computer controlled and monitored. Images are created on the striplines by conventional x-ray pinhole image techniques and recorded by film or a 4096 x 4096 CCD camera that is fiberoptically coupled to the back of the phosphor screen. Construction is complete and the instrument is now operated on a routine basis at local and remote laser facilities. Detailed characterization of the camera is in progress. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oertel, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5067-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5194 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1117/12.513761 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY60Y UT WOS:000189420300023 ER PT B AU Naumann, U Utke, J Lyons, A Fagan, M AF Naumann, U Utke, J Lyons, A Fagan, M GP ieee computer society TI Control flow reversal for adjoint code generation SO FOURTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SOURCE CODE ANALYSIS AND MANIPULATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Workshop on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation CY SEP 15, 2004-SEP 16, 5004 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, Loyola Coll Maryland, Raincode, VASTT Grp, Brunel Univ AB We describe an approach to the reversal of the control flow of structured programs. It is used to automatically generate adjoint code for numerical programs by semantic source transformation. After a short introduction to applications and the implementation tool set, we describe the building blocks using a simple example. We then illustrate the code reversal within basic blocks. The main part of the paper covers the reversal of structured control flow graphs. We show the algorithmic steps for simple branches and loops and give a detailed algorithm for the reversal of arbitrary combinations of loops and branches in a general control flow graph.(1) C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60438 USA. RP Naumann, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60438 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2144-4 PY 2004 BP 55 EP 64 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBB55 UT WOS:000224558100007 ER PT B AU Berket, K Essiari, A Muratas, A AF Berket, K Essiari, A Muratas, A BE Caronni, G Weiler, N Shahmehri, N TI PKI-based security for peer-to-peer information sharing SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PEER-TO-PEER COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P2004) CY AUG 25-27, 2004 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Feder Inst Technol, Linkopings Univ, Credit Suisse Grp, IBM Res, Sun Microsyst Lab AB Free flow of information is the feature that has made peer-to-peer information sharing applications popular. However, this very feature holds back the acceptance Of these applications by the corporate and scientific communities. In these communities it is important to provide confidentiality and integrity of communication and to enforce access control to shared resources. We present a collection of security mechanisms that can be used to satisfy these security requirements. Our solutions are based on established and proven security techniques and we utilize existing technologies when possible. As a proof of concept, we have developed an information sharing system, called scishare, which integrates a number of these security mechanisms to provide a secure environment for information sharing. This system will allow a broader set of user communities to benefit from peer-to-peer information sharing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berket, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2156-8 PY 2004 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1109/PTP.2004.1334930 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAW54 UT WOS:000223904300006 ER PT S AU Brodrick, JR Christy, CE AF Brodrick, JR Christy, CE BE Ferguson, IT TI Accelerating the development of next-generation solid-state lighting sources - DOE's solid-state lighting R&D program SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE LIGHTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 03-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE solid-state lighting; light emitting diodes; organic light emitting diodes; energy savings; energy efficient lighting; efficacy; efficient white light; Department of Energy; research and development AB Solid-state lighting (SSL) is a pivotal emerging technology that promises to fundamentally alter and improve lighting systems of the future. Successful development and commercialization of SSL technology will require coordinated efforts that leverage the strengths and capabilities of industry.. research and academic oraganizations, national laboratories, and government. This paper discusses the U.S. Department of Energy's role as a catalyst in accelerating SSL technology advances. Through DOE's SSL R&D program, the collaborative efforts of our nation's best and brightest lighting experts are moving this promising technology from the laboratory to the marketplace. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Brodrick, JR (reprint author), US DOE, EE-2J,1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5468-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5530 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1117/12.567099 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBH29 UT WOS:000225510300001 ER PT S AU Fischer, AJ Allerman, AA Crawford, MH Bogart, KHA Lee, SR Kaplar, RJ Chow, WW AF Fischer, AJ Allerman, AA Crawford, MH Bogart, KHA Lee, SR Kaplar, RJ Chow, WW BE Ferguson, IT TI Device performance of AlGaN-based 240-300 nm deep UV LEDs SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE LIGHTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 03-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE AlGaN; light emitting diodes; UV LED ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; EMISSION; EFFICIENCY; SUPERLATTICES; OPERATION; SAPPHIRE; MW AB Deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs) with emission wavelengths shorter than 300 rim have been grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. A bottom emitting LED design is used which requires a high-Al content AlxGa1-xN (x = 0.5 - 0.8) buffer layer which has sufficient conductivity and is transparent to the quantum well emission wavelength. LEDs were flip chip mounted to a silicon submount which provides for good thermal performance as well as improved light extraction. For large area 1 mm x 1 mm LEDs emitting at 297 rim, an output power as high as 2.25 mW under direct current operation has been demonstrated at 500 mA with a forward voltage of 12.5 volts. For shorter wavelength LEDs emitting at 276 nm, an output power as high as 1.3 mW has been demonstrated under direct current operation at 300 mA with a forward voltage of 9.2 volts. Recent improvements in heterostructure design have resulted in quantum well emission at 276 nm with a peak intensity that is 330 times stronger than the largest sub-bandgap peak. LEDs with emission wavelengths as short as 237 rim have also been demonstrated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fischer, AJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5468-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5530 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.567103 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBH29 UT WOS:000225510300005 ER PT S AU Borbely, A Johnson, SG AF Borbely, A Johnson, SG BE Ferguson, IT TI Performance of phosphor coated LED optics in ray trace simulations SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE LIGHTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 03-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE LED phosphor; LED optics; light extraction efficiency; ray trace simulation; solid modeling; color uniformity AB In commercial high brightness phosphor coated (PC) LED packages the phosphor is put down on the die in the center of the hemispherical encapsulation, representing a quasi-point source that provides convenient optical control in lighting fixture design. However, specific applications may benefit from other package geometries and beam shapes regarding efficiency, color uniformity and thermal management. In order to examine optical arrangements the solid model of an InGaN LED die and the optical system including the phosphor were simulated using Monte-Carlo forward ray tracing technique. Photoluminescence was implemented as two separate processes: short wavelength LED emission and phosphor absorbtion was traced first, followed by re-emission of the down-converted radiation by the phosphor layer, optical properties of existing phosphors were used. Output parameters of the two ray traces were combined and evaluated for the geometries examined. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Borbely, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5468-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5530 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1117/12.566617 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBH29 UT WOS:000225510300031 ER PT S AU Thornton, JP Stafford, B AF Thornton, JP Stafford, B BE Ferguson, IT TI Successful design of PV power systems for solid-state lighting applications SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE LIGHTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 03-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE photovoltaics; solid-state lighting AB Modem light-emitting diode (LED) technology holds great promise for remote or stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) lighting applications. Acceptable intensities can be obtained for a fraction of the energy consumed by incandescent or fluorescent lighting, resulting in smaller and less costly PV/battery systems. Applying PV technology to solid-state applications seems straightforward at first glance. Yet, all too often, PV-powered products fall short of expectations. There can be many reasons for failure. As often as not, we find that failure results from misunderstanding or ignoring well-established principles of PV system design, or by assuming maintenance is unnecessary because of PV's apparent simplicity. Most of these fatal errors have simple and easily applied solutions. The most common fatal errors are discussed, and approaches are recommended that can help ensure a successfully operating system. The methodology described below is applicable to all sizes of PV power systems, ranging from one needed for a single LED to one capable of supplying many kilowatts. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Thornton, JP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5468-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5530 BP 284 EP 295 DI 10.1117/12.565278 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBH29 UT WOS:000225510300033 ER PT S AU Ager, JW Wu, J Yu, KM Jones, RE Li, SX Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ AF Ager, JW Wu, J Yu, KM Jones, RE Li, SX Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ BE Ferguson, IT TI Group III nitride alloys as photovoltaic materials SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE LIGHTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 03-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE solar cells; multijunction; optoelectronics ID FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; SOLAR-CELLS; IN1-XGAXN ALLOYS; INN; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE; EPITAXY; ENERGY; SPACE AB The direct gap of the In1-xGaxN alloy system extends continuously from InN (0.7 eV, in the near IR) to GaN (3.4 eV, in the mid-ultraviolet). This opens the intriguing possibility of using this single ternary alloy system in single or multi-junction (MJ) solar cells. A number of measurements of the intrinsic properties of InN and In-rich In1-xGaxN alloys (0 < x < 0.63) are presented and discussed here. To evaluate the suitability of In1-xGaxN as a material for space applications, extensive radiation damage testing with electron, proton, and alpha particle radiation has been performed. Using the room temperature photoluminescence intensity as a indirect measure of minority carrier lifetime, it is shown that In1-xGaxN retains its optoelectronic properties at radiation damage doses at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than the damage thresholds of the materials (GaAs and GaInP) currently used in high efficiency MJ cells. Results are evaluated in terms of the positions of the valence and conduction band edges with respect to the average energy level of broken-bond defects (Fermi level stabilization energy E-FS). Measurements of the surface electron concentration as a function of x are also discussed in terms of the relative position of E-FS. The main outstanding challenges in the photovoltaic applications of In1-xGaxN alloys, which include developing methods to achieve p-type doping and improving the structural quality of heteroepitaxial films, are also discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ager, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5468-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5530 BP 308 EP 315 DI 10.1117/12.561935 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBH29 UT WOS:000225510300035 ER PT S AU Kurtz, S AF Kurtz, S BE Ferguson, IT TI Growing pains for new energy-saving technologies SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE LIGHTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 03-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE renewable energy; energy efficiency; new technology AB As we contemplate a revolution in the lighting industry, it is yet unclear in what form tomorrow's solid-state lighting will emerge. Similarly, photovoltaic (PV) power supplied on a utility scale may take a different form from today's flat-plate silicon modules. The success of the PV industry-now a multibillion dollar a year industry and growing at more than 25% per year-has largely come from integrating solar cells into other products. In many cases, this integration required the formation of new business entities. The solid-state lighting industry faces hurdles that are similar to those faced by the PV industry. Therefore, based on the experiences of the PV industry and others, we predict that the growing pains of the solid-state lighting industry will include: (1) identifying entry markets, (2) integrating light-emitting diodes into attractive products, (3) attaining high reliability for these products, and (4) increasing production of these products, thus lowering costs and opening up new markets. These activities must be implemented, keeping in mind that most consumers do not care about buying "solid-state lighting" and "solar cells." Rather, they want to buy attractive lighting and inexpensive electricity. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kurtz, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5468-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5530 BP 316 EP 325 DI 10.1117/12.566036 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBH29 UT WOS:000225510300036 ER PT S AU Levi, DH Geisz, JF Johs, B AF Levi, DH Geisz, JF Johs, B BE Ferguson, IT TI Effects of ordering on the optical properties of GaInP2 SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID STATE LIGHTING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Solid State Lighting CY AUG 03-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE ordering; anisotropic optical properties; M-V semiconductors; GaInP; ellipsometry; dielectric function ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; BAND-GAP; GA0.5IN0.5P; GROWTH; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; ANISOTROPY; ALLOYS AB GaInP2 lattice-matched to GaAs or Ge plays an important role in state-of-the-art III-V multijunction solar cells. The fundamental band gap of constant-composition GaInP2 can be varied by as much as 100meV in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown material by adjusting growth parameters that affect the degree of Cu-Pt ordering. These changes in the band gap of GaInP2 due to ordering can be exploited in the design of III-V solar cell devices. In order to accurately model the performance of these devices, accurate values of the optical constants of all layers are required. Previous literature reports of the optical properties of GaInP2 have primarily focused on highly disordered material or higher energy transitions in ordered material. While it has been noted that ordered GaInP2 material results in anisotropic optical properties, the bulk optical properties of GaInP2 as a function of ordering have not been sufficiently recorded in the literature for good optical modeling of III-V solar cell devices. In this paper, we present the dielectric functions for a range of ordered/disordered GaInP2 measured over the range 0.7-5.0 eV using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Data analysis of generalized ellipsometry data utilizing anisotropic multilayer models allows us to report accurate dielectric functions for both the ordinary and extraordinary optical axes. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, DH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5468-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5530 BP 326 EP 337 DI 10.1117/12.559973 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BBH29 UT WOS:000225510300037 ER PT J AU Smallwood, H Squier, T AF Smallwood, H Squier, T TI Induction of calmodulin expression in response to LPS induces a self-regulating regulatory network underlying the nitrative burst in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S55 EP S55 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900155 ER PT J AU Wilson, MD Cross, CE Burtis, KC Vogel, JS Eiserich, JP AF Wilson, MD Cross, CE Burtis, KC Vogel, JS Eiserich, JP TI Dietary manipulation of micronutrient antioxidant status modulates paraquat-induced mortality in Drosophila SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicine CY NOV 17-21, 2004 CL St Thomas, VI SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2004 VL 37 SU 1 BP S44 EP S44 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 875YK UT WOS:000225458900119 ER PT S AU Scharlemann, ET Breitfeller, EF Henderson, JR Kallman, JS Morris, JR Ruggiero, AJ AF Scharlemann, ET Breitfeller, EF Henderson, JR Kallman, JS Morris, JR Ruggiero, AJ BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Modeling of long-range atmospheric lasercom links between static and mobile platforms SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE free-space optical communications; atmospheric turbulence; pointing; tracking; and acquisition ID OPTICAL SCINTILLATION; COMMUNICATION; SYSTEMS; IMPACT AB We describe modeling and simulation of long-range terrestrial laser communications links between static and mobile platforms. Atmospheric turbulence modeling, along with pointing, tracking and acquisition models are combined to provide an overall capability to estimate communications link performance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Scharlemann, ET (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-183, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 272 EP 279 DI 10.1117/12.509577 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100029 ER PT S AU Johnson, GW Henderer, BD Wilburn, JW Ruggiero, AJ AF Johnson, GW Henderer, BD Wilburn, JW Ruggiero, AJ BE Voelz, DG Ricklin, JC TI Characterization of Fibre Channel over highly turbulent optical wireless links SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION AND ACTIVE LASER ILLUMINATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fibre Channel; free-space optical communications; FSO; SATRN AB We report on the performance characterization and issues associated with using Fibre Channel (FC) over a highly turbulent free-space optical (FSO) link. Fibre Channel is a storage area network standard that provides high throughput with low overhead. Extending FC to FSO links would simplify data transfer from existing high-bandwidth sensors such as synthetic aperture radars and hyperspectral imagers. We measured the behavior of FC protocol at 1 Gbps in the presence of synthetic link dropouts that are typical of turbulent FSO links. Results show that an average bit error rate of less than 2 x 10(-8) is mandatory for adequate throughput. More importantly, 10 ns dropouts at a 2 Hz rate were sufficient to cause long (25 s) timeouts in the data transfer. Although no data was lost, this behavior is likely to be objectionable for most applications. Prospects for improvements in hardware and software will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Johnson, GW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-183, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5033-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5160 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1117/12.509579 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BY61G UT WOS:000189421100031 ER PT S AU Gibbons, BJ Kreiskott, S Matias, V Holesinger, TG Coulter, JY AF Gibbons, BJ Kreiskott, S Matias, V Holesinger, TG Coulter, JY BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Continuous preparation of pulsed laser deposited oxide buffer layers and YBCO for coated conductor applications SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; MGO C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gibbons, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 9 EP 11 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700003 ER PT S AU Zhai, HY Christen, HM Feenstra, R List, FA Goyal, A Leonard, KJ Xu, YL Christen, DK Venkataraman, K Maroni, VA AF Zhai, HY Christen, HM Feenstra, R List, FA Goyal, A Leonard, KJ Xu, YL Christen, DK Venkataraman, K Maroni, VA BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Pulsed electron deposition for coated conductor applications SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID THIN-FILMS; ABLATION AB We have applied pulsed electron deposition (PED) to the growth of high-temperature superconductors on RABiTS (Rolling-Assisted Biaxial Textured Substrates) and on single-crystal substrates. Critical current densities of 2.37MA/cm(2) on LAO and 1.62MA/cm(2) on RABiTS have been achieved. Results of transport measurements, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy are combined to understand the differences between PED and PLD growth, and to provide information about the steps required to obtain high-quality superconductors. Impurity phase are clearly observed in these PED films, and the causes of these impurities have been explored. Other issues concerning system stability for potential reel-to-reel application are also studied. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhai, HY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 21 EP 23 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700006 ER PT S AU Kreiskott, S Coulter, JY Gibbons, BJ Matias, V AF Kreiskott, S Coulter, JY Gibbons, BJ Matias, V BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Reel-to-reel preparation of ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD)-MgO based coated conductors SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID MGO TEMPLATE; LAYERS; FILMS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kreiskott, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700011 ER PT S AU Bhattacharya, R Spagnol, P Chen, J AF Bhattacharya, R Spagnol, P Chen, J BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Electrodeposition of textured buffer layer for YBCO superconductor oxide films SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA AB Non-vacuum electrodeposition was used to prepare biaxially textured Ni coatings on Ni-W substrate. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (including theta/2theta, pole figures, omega scans, and phi scans), atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The Ni-W substrate was electropolished, which improved the surface roughness from 8.4 nm to 6.4 nm. Pole-figure scans show that electrodeposited (ED) Ni on textured Ni-W (3 at%) is biaxially textured. Full-width at half-maximum values of the omega scan and phi scan of the electrodeposited layers were comparable to the base substrates, indicating good biaxial texturing. The buffer structures were completed on these types of seed ED-Ni layers by pulsed-laser-deposited (PLD) CeO2/YSZ/CeO2. We obtained a critical current density of 500 kA/cm(2) for PLD YBCO/CeO2/YSZ/CeO2/ED-Ni/Ni-W. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 53 EP 55 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700014 ER PT S AU Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Sathyamurthy, S Aytug, T Kang, S Lee, DF Goyal, A Payzant, EA Salama, K AF Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Sathyamurthy, S Aytug, T Kang, S Lee, DF Goyal, A Payzant, EA Salama, K BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Growth of epitaxial Y2O3 film on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; BUFFER LAYERS; COATED CONDUCTORS; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; THIN-FILMS; FABRICATION AB We have grown epitaxial Y2O3 buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates using a newly developed metal organic decomposition (MOD) approach. Precursor solution of 0.25M concentration was spin coated on short samples of Ni-3 at.%W (Ni-W) substrates and heat-treated at 1150degreesC in a gas Mixture of Ar-4%H-2 for an hour. Detailed X-Ray studies indicate that Y2O3 films has good out-of-plane and in-plane textures with full-width-half-maximum values of 6.22degrees and 7.51degrees, respectively. SEM investigations of Y2O3 films reveal a fairly dense microstructure Without cracks and porosity. It is possible to use this MOD Y2O3 template for growing high current density YBCO films. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bhuiyan, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 57 EP 59 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700015 ER PT S AU Coulter, JY Civale, L Willis, JO AF Coulter, JY Civale, L Willis, JO BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Magnetic field Anisotropy measurements of J(c) and n-values for two YBCO coated conductor bridges SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID SUPERCONDUCTORS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Coulter, JY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 65 EP 67 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700017 ER PT S AU Zhang, YF Feenstra, R Thompson, JR Gapud, AA Aytug, T Christen, DK AF Zhang, YF Feenstra, R Thompson, JR Gapud, AA Aytug, T Christen, DK BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI High critical current density YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin film growth by post-deposition processing at low pressures SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci DIv, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, YF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci DIv, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 93 EP 95 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700024 ER PT S AU Rutter, NA Goyal, A AF Rutter, NA Goyal, A BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Critical current modeling for coated conductor applications SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES AB A Monte-Carlo grain growth simulation has been coupled with existing grain boundary percolation models to calculate the critical current density (J(c)) for realistic coated conductor grain structures. In-grain dissipation is included in the model in order to investigate the conditions for which grain boundaries cease to be the limiting factor. Using the model the effects of conductor dimensions and grain size have been investigated and the regimes of grain or grain boundary limitation have been addressed, with reference to the use of coated conductors in magnetic field. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rutter, NA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 105 EP 107 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700027 ER PT S AU Spagnol, P Bhattacharya, R Hermann, AM AF Spagnol, P Bhattacharya, R Hermann, AM BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Electrodeposition of Bi-2212 superconductor oxide films SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID TAPES AB BSCCO films have been prepared by the electrodeposition technique, which is a potentially low-cost non-vacuum technology. The precursors of BSCCO film were co-deposited at a constant potential of -4 V from the respective nitrate salts dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. The electrodeposited precursors were processed using the melt-quench/melt-growth technique. In this extended summary, we will discuss the influence of precursor compositions and processing conditions on phase development of Bi-2212 films. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Spagnol, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 109 EP 111 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700028 ER PT S AU Serquis, A Civale, L Liao, XZ Coulter, JY Hammon, DL Zhu, YT Peterson, DE Mueller, FM Nesterenko, VF AF Serquis, A Civale, L Liao, XZ Coulter, JY Hammon, DL Zhu, YT Peterson, DE Mueller, FM Nesterenko, VF BE Matias, V Talvacchio, J Xi, X Han, Z Neumuller, HW TI Fabrication and test of a hot-isostatic-pressed powder-in-tube MgB2 coil SO FRONTIERS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS-NEW MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Frontiers in Superconducting Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; CRITICAL CURRENTS; FE-CLAD; WIRES; MICROSTRUCTURE; TAPES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Serquis, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; OI Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-747-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 3 BP 161 EP 163 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAB27 UT WOS:000221439700041 ER PT J AU Chen, FC Gao, Z Loutfy, RO Hecht, M AF Chen, F. C. Gao, Z. Loutfy, R. O. Hecht, M. TI Analysis of Optimal Heat Transfer in a PEM Fuel Cell Cooling Plate SO FUEL CELLS LA English DT Article DE PEM Fuel Cell; Cooling Plate; Optimal Heat Transfer; Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis AB An analysis of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is conducted to investigate the coupled cooling process involved in fluid flow and heat transfer between the solid plate and the coolant flow for optimization of the cooling design of a fuel cell stack. A conception of IUT (Index of Uniform Temperature) across the entire area is presented to evaluate the degree of uniform temperature profile cross the cooling plates. Six cooling modes, including three serpentine-type modes and another three parallel-type modes, are presented and a analyzed for optimization of the cooling mode of fuel cells. The prediction finds that the cooling effect of serpentine-type cooling modes could he better than that of parallel-type cooling modes. C1 [Chen, F. C.; Gao, Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Loutfy, R. O.; Hecht, M.] MER Corp, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. RP Chen, FC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chenfc@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG36-99GO10387] FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy as a collaborative effort on fuel cell technology development between MER Corporation and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-FG36-99GO10387 for the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors appreciate the support of R. J. Fiskum and W. Lin of the U.S. Department of Energy in this effort. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1615-6846 J9 FUEL CELLS JI Fuel Cells PD JAN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1002/fuce.200330112 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA V20BJ UT WOS:000208115200004 ER PT J AU Pritchard, J Tomos, AD Farrar, JE Minchin, PEH Gould, N Paul, MJ MacRae, EA Ferrieri, RA Gray, DW Thorpe, MR AF Pritchard, J Tomos, AD Farrar, JE Minchin, PEH Gould, N Paul, MJ MacRae, EA Ferrieri, RA Gray, DW Thorpe, MR TI Turgor, solute import and growth in maize roots treated with galactose SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell solutes; cell wall; cell water relations; osmotic pressure; phloem transport; pressure probe; root growth; tissue mapping; turgor pressure; (11)C ID LOW WATER POTENTIALS; SIEVE ELEMENT TRANSPORT; OSMOTIC-STRESS; WALL RHEOLOGY; MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; CELL EXPANSION; PRESSURE PROBE; PISUM-SATIVUM; CARBON IMPORT; STIMULATION AB It has been observed that extension growth in maize roots is almost stopped by exposure to 5 mM D-galactose in the root medium, while the import of recent photoassimilate into the entire root system is temporarily promoted by the same treatment. The aim of this study was to reconcile these two apparently incompatible observations. We examined events near the root tip before and after galactose treatment since the tip region is the site of elongation and of high carbon deposition in the root. The treatment rapidly decreased root extension along the whole growing zone. In contrast, turgor pressure, measured directly with the pressure probe in the cortical cells of the growing zone, rapidly increased by 0.15 MPa within the first hour following treatment, and the increase was maintained over the following 24 h. Both tensiometric measurements and a comparison of turgor pressure with local growth rate demonstrated that a rapid tightening of the cell wall caused the reduction in growth. Single cell sampling showed cell osmotic pressure increased by 0.3 MPa owing to accumulation of both organic and inorganic solutes. The corresponding change in cell water potential was a rise from -0.18 MPa to approximately zero. More mature cells at 14 mm from the root tip (just outside the growing region) showed a qualitatively similar response. Galactose treatment rapidly increased the import of recently fixed carbon (RFC) into the whole root as deduced by (11)C labelling of photoassimilate. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in import of recently fixed carbon into the apical 5 mm concomitant with the increase in turgor in this region. No decrease in import of recently fixed carbon was observed 5-15 mm from the root tip despite the increase in cortical cell turgor. These data are consistent with direct symplastic connections between the growing cells and the phloem supplying the solutes in the apical, but not the basal, regions of the growing zone. Hence, the inhibition of growth and the elevation of solute import induced by galactose are spatially separated within the root. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Prifysgol Cymru Bangor, Ysgol Gwyddorau Bioleg, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Thorpe, MR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM thorpe@bnl.gov RI Minchin, Peter/G-1187-2010; Tomos, Deri/H-5280-2012; Gould, Nick/L-2362-2016; Paul, Matthew/R-6384-2016 OI Tomos, Deri/0000-0002-2484-5513; Gould, Nick/0000-0003-0209-316X; Paul, Matthew/0000-0002-2001-961X NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2004 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1095 EP 1103 DI 10.1071/FP04082 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 873SM UT WOS:000225301200005 ER PT B AU Peskin, ME AF Peskin, ME BE Buschhorn, GW Wess, J TI Supersymmetry: the next spectroscopy SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS - HEISENBERG AND BEYOND LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Werner Heisenberg Centennial Symposium on Development in Modern Physics CY DEC 05, 2001 CL Ludwig Maximilians Univ, Munich, GERMANY HO Ludwig Maximilians Univ ID SUPERGRAVITY; UNIFICATION; PARTICLE; MODEL C1 SLAC, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Peskin, ME (reprint author), SLAC, Theory Grp, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-20201-3 PY 2004 BP 99 EP 133 PG 35 WC History & Philosophy Of Science; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC History & Philosophy of Science; Physics GA BAT07 UT WOS:000223400800007 ER PT S AU Guziewicz, E Kopalko, K Sadowski, J Guziewicz, M Golacki, Z AF Guziewicz, E Kopalko, K Sadowski, J Guziewicz, M Golacki, Z BE Abernathy, CR Gusev, EP Schlom, D Stemmer, S TI Electronic structure of Zn(Mn)O surface alloy - a resonant photoemission study SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NOVEL OXIDE/SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Novel Oxide/Semiconductor Interfaces held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; PARTIAL DENSITY; MN; ZNO; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; MODEL AB Electronic structure of Mn/ZnO system has been investigated by synchrotron radiation photoemission. Manganese vacuum deposition was done at room temperature onto a ZnO(0001) single crystal for coverage Theta(Mn) less than or equal to 4 ML. Photoemission spectra taken near Mn3p-Mn3d absorption edge after each deposition step show resonant enhancement of Mn3d states within 10 eV of the Fermi level. The experimentally deduced partial Mn3d density of states for Theta greater than or equal to 1.2 ML shows at least three features: a major Mn3d structure at 3.8-4.5 eV below the Fermi energy, a valence structure at lower binding energy (1-3 eV) and a broad satellite in the 5.5 - 9 eV range. The branching ratio of satellite/main structure increases with deposition from 0.33 for 0.4 ML to 0.65 for 4 ML. After annealing up to 500degreesC the satellite/main ratio decreases to 0.43 indicating a high degree of hybridization between the Mn3d states and valence band of ZnO. After annealing no manganese cap layer was found at the crystal surface as was confirmed by the lack of metallic Fermi edge in photoemission spectra and by scanning Auger spectroscopy experiment. The photoemission Mn3p core level spectra taken after annealing consist of two components separated by about 4eV. It is evidence that at least two manganese states are observed in the Mn-ZnO interface region. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Guziewicz, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016 OI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-724-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 786 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BY87J UT WOS:000189483800053 ER PT J AU Skinner, CH Gentile, CA Ciebiera, L Langish, S AF Skinner, CH Gentile, CA Ciebiera, L Langish, S TI Tritiated dust levitation by beta-induced static charge SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE safety; tritium; dust ID FUSION DEVICES; PLASMA; TFTR; PARTICLES; TOKAMAKS; LAYERS AB Tritiated particles have been observed to spontaneously levitate under the influence of a static electric field. Tritium-containing codeposits were mechanically scraped from tiles that had been used in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) inner limiter during the deuterium-tritium campaign and were placed in a glass vial. On rubbing the plastic cap of the vial, a remarkable "fountain" of particles was seen inside the vial. Particles from an unused tile or from a TFTR codeposit that formed during deuterium discharges did not exhibit this phenomenon. It appears that tritiated particles are more mobile than other particles, and this should be considered in assessing tokamak accident scenarios and in occupational safety. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM cskinner@pppl.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 763WJ UT WOS:000188123200002 ER PT J AU Strickler, DJ Hirshman, SP Spong, DA Cole, MJ Lyon, JF Nelson, BE Williamson, DE Ware, AS AF Strickler, DJ Hirshman, SP Spong, DA Cole, MJ Lyon, JF Nelson, BE Williamson, DE Ware, AS TI Development of a robust quasi-poloidal compact stellarator SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stellarator design; compact stellarator; stellarator optimization ID TOROIDAL PLASMAS; PHYSICS ISSUES; ASPECT-RATIO; COEFFICIENTS; EQUILIBRIA; STABILITY; TRANSPORT; COILS; BETA AB A compact quasi-poloidally symmetric stellarator (QPS) plasma and coil configuration is described that has desirable physics properties and engineering feasibility with a very low aspect ratio plasma bounded by good magnetic flux surfaces both in vacuum and at = 2%. The plasma is robust with respect to variations of pressure and the resulting bootstrap current, which leave the bounding flux surface approximately unchanged and thus reduce active positional control requirements. This configuration was developed by reconfiguring the QPS modular coils and applying a new computational method that maximizes the volume of good (integrable) vacuum flux surfaces as a measure of robustness. The stellarator plasma and coil design code STELLOPT is used to vary the coil geometry to determine the plasma geometry and profiles that optimize plasma performance with respect to neoclassical transport, infinite-n ballooning stability up to = 2%, and coil engineering parameters. The normal component of the vacuum magnetic field is simultaneously minimized at the full-beta plasma boundary. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Strickler, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stricklerdj@ornl.gov RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 763WJ UT WOS:000188123200003 ER PT J AU Moody, JD London, RA Sanchez, JJ AF Moody, JD London, RA Sanchez, JJ TI Experimental and theoretical characterization of the actively controlled thermal environment in a cryogenic hohlraum SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryogenic hohlraum; thermal control; thermal modeling ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; IGNITION AB We investigate the actively controlled thermal environment of a National Ignition Facility (NIF) cryogenic hohlraum using measurements and calculations of hydrogen ice equilibrium. Thermal modeling of the hohlraum temperature field is shown to be consistent with measurements of the ice distribution. These results demonstrate the ability to accurately model and control the thermal environment in an NIF hohlraum. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moody, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moody4@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 763WJ UT WOS:000188123200004 ER PT S AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ BE Jorissen, A Goriely, S Rayet, M Siess, L Boffin, H TI Intersections of nuclear physics and astrophysics SO FUTURE ASTRONUCLEAR PHYSICS: FROM MICROSCOPIC PUZZLES TO MACROSCOPIC NIGHTMARES SE EAS PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Future Astronuclear Physics held in Honour of Marcel Arnould CY AUG 20-22, 2003 CL Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, BELGIUM HO Univ Libre Bruxelles ID COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; STELLAR CORE COLLAPSE; BOLTZMANN NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; WEAK-INTERACTION RATES; GAMOW-TELLER STRENGTH; MODEL MONTE-CARLO; SHELL-MODEL; SUPERNOVAE; STATE; EQUATION AB I discuss the current state of low-energy nuclear theory and the scientific questions that will be addressed over the next ten years as we move to the description of increasingly unstable nuclei. Much of our understanding of unstable nuclei will directly benefit astrophysics, particularly in the areas of supernova-core deleptonization, neutrino interactions with nuclei in stellar environments, the nuclear equation of state at high temperatures and densities, and nucleosynthesis. I will discuss the current status of our understanding of one of these overlaps, namely electron capture on nuclei. I will then turn to a description of coupled-cluster theory, which is a technique of solving the nuclear many-body problem that may be useful for calculating selected nuclear properties relevant to astrophysics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 2-86883-750-6 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2004 VL 11 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1051/ens:2004012 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BBP42 UT WOS:000226870100012 ER PT S AU Faybishenko, BA AF Faybishenko, BA BE Nikravesh, M Zadeh, LA Korotkikh, V TI Introduction to modeling of hydrogeologic systems using fuzzy differential equations SO FUZZY PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND RELATIONAL EQUATIONS: RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING SE STUDIES IN FUZZINESS AND SOFT COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on State of the Art Assessment and New Directions for Research CY MAR 15-17, 2002 CL Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA HO Univ Calif Berkeley ID DYNAMICS; LOGIC AB The many simultaneously occurring processes in unsaturated-saturated heterogeneous soils and fractured rocks can cause field observations to become imprecise and incomplete. As a result, field observations can become inconsistent with deterministic and stochastic mathematical models used for predictions. The performance. of a system that includes soil, rock, and a monitoring network can become uncertain because of vagueness or "fuzziness," which is inherent in the system behavior, rather than being purely random. Fuzzy systems modeling, already widely used in such fields as engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology, is expected to become useful in simulating hydrogeologic system behavior. After presenting a hydrogeologic system as a fuzzy system, we derive a fuzzy-logic form of Darcy's equation. Based on this equation, a fuzzy logic form of the parabolic-type partial differential equations is derived. The elliptic-type (Laplace equation) and the parabolic-type (Richards equation) partial differential equations were approximated using fuzzy variables and solved using the basic principles of fuzzy arithmetic. The results of fuzzy systems modeling are then compared with those obtained using deterministic models. The application of fuzzy ordinary and partial differential equations to various earth sciences problems, such as flow and transport in the subsurface, is an emerging area of research. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Faybishenko, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-9922 BN 3-540-20322-2 J9 STUD FUZZ SOFT COMP PY 2004 VL 142 BP 267 EP 284 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Petroleum; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BY78Z UT WOS:000189463600011 ER PT S AU Kippen, RM in't Zand, JJM Woods, PM Heise, J Preece, RD Briggs, MS AF Kippen, RM in't Zand, JJM Woods, PM Heise, J Preece, RD Briggs, MS BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Comparing prompt emission from X-ray flashes and gamma-ray bursts SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc AB The final year of the BeppoSAX mission provided a much needed clue as to the nature of X-ray flashes. The detection of afterglow counterparts and their underlying hosts provides strong evidence that X-ray flashes and gamma-ray bursts originate from similar sources in cosmologically distant galaxies. These observations support findings that the prompt emission characteristics of X-ray flashes are similar to those of traditional gamma-ray bursts. Using wide-band observations from BeppoSAX and BATSE, we present the latest results in our on-going effort to quantify the similarities and differences in prompt emission characteristics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kippen, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 2, MS B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700024 ER PT S AU Dingus, BL AF Dingus, BL CA Mailagro Collaboration BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Milagro - A TeV observatory for gamma ray bursts SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID HIGH-ENERGY; COMPONENT; GRB AB Milagro is a large field of view (similar to 2 sr), high duty cycle (similar to90%), ground-based observatory sensitive to gamma-rays above similar to100 GeV. This unique detector is ideal for observing the highest energy gamma-rays from gamma-ray bursts. The highest energy gamma rays supply very strong constraints on the nature of gamma-ray burst sources as well as fundamental physics. Because the highest energy gamma-rays are attenuated by pair production with the extragalactic infrared background light, Milagro's sensitivity decreases rapidly for bursts with redshift > 0.5. While only 10% of bursts have been measured to be within z=0.5, these bursts are very well studied at all wavelengths resulting in the most complete understanding of GRB phenomena. Milagro has sufficient sensitivity in units of E-2 dN/dE to detect VHE luminosities lower than the observed luminosities at similar to 100 keV for these nearby bursts. Therefore, the launch of SWIFT and its ability to localize and measure redshifts of many bursts points to great future possibilities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Dingus, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 131 EP 135 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700026 ER PT S AU Salmonson, JD Rossi, E Lazzati, D AF Salmonson, JD Rossi, E Lazzati, D BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Comparison of three afterglow morphologies SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; LIGHT CURVES; JET; POLARIZATION; ANGLE AB Herein we compare three functional families for afterglow morphologies: the homogeneous afterglow with constant shock surface energy density, the structured afterglow for which the energy density decays as a power-law as a function of viewer angle, and the gaussian afterglow which has an exponential decay of energy density with viewer angle. We simulate observed lightcurves and polarization curves for each as seen from a variety of observer vantage points. We find that the homogeneous jet is likely inconsistent with observations and suggest that the future debate on the structure of afterglow jets will be between the other two candidates. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Salmonson, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 274 EP 277 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700056 ER PT S AU Fryer, CL Dupuis, R AF Fryer, CL Dupuis, R BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Stellar collapse and the formation of black holes SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB We review the engines behind neutrino-driven supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. Combined with our understanding of the convection-enhanced, neutrino-driven supernova mechanism, the stellar collapse can explain all of the supernova-like explosions observed from normal supernovae, to weak explosions and jet-like hypernovae. Combining this theoretical understanding with observations suggests that the collapsar rate is roughly 1/1000th that of normal supernovae. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-6,MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 371 EP 375 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700077 ER PT S AU Terrell, J Klebesadel, RW AF Terrell, J Klebesadel, RW BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI DMSP 14 observations of GRB011121 and the giant SGR1900+14 flare of 98/08/27 SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc AB The bright gamma-ray burst GRBO 11121 was observed by DMSP 13 and DMSP 14 at a time resolution of 2s. Event data also obtained by DMSP 14 covered 13.1s of the burst at a time resolution of 12.8ms, and an energy range of 53-3000 keV. Fourier analysis gives evidence, at 95% confidence, of a 1.7s oscillation in the event data. DMSP 14 data for the giant 98/08/27 flare of SGR1900+14 are also presented, giving high-time-resolution data, not previously available, on the initial outburst. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terrell, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-2,MS B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 541 EP 544 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700114 ER PT S AU Salmonson, JD AF Salmonson, JD BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI An integrated Universal collapsar gamma-ray burst model SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID STANDARD ENERGY RESERVOIR; RELATIVISTIC JETS; LIGHT CURVES; SUPERNOVA; LUMINOSITY; CONNECTION; AFTERGLOW; GRB-990123; ENERGETICS; DISCOVERY AB Starting with two assumptions: (1) gamma-ray bursts originate from stellar death phenomena or so called "collapsars" and (2) that these bursts are quasi-universal, whereby the majority of the observed variation is due to our perspective of the jet, an integrated gamma-ray burst model is proposed. It is found that several of the key correlations in the data can be naturally explained with this simple picture and another possible correlation is predicted. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Salmonson, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 547 EP 551 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700115 ER PT S AU Palmer, DM Fenimore, E Galassi, M McLean, K Tavenner, T Barthelmy, S Blau, M Cummings, J Gehrels, N Hullinger, D Krimm, H Markwardt, C Mason, R Ong, J Polk, J Parsons, A Shackelford, L Tueller, J Walling, S Okada, Y Takahashi, H Toshiro, M Suzuki, M Sato, G Takahashi, T Watanabe, S AF Palmer, DM Fenimore, E Galassi, M McLean, K Tavenner, T Barthelmy, S Blau, M Cummings, J Gehrels, N Hullinger, D Krimm, H Markwardt, C Mason, R Ong, J Polk, J Parsons, A Shackelford, L Tueller, J Walling, S Okada, Y Takahashi, H Toshiro, M Suzuki, M Sato, G Takahashi, T Watanabe, S BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI The BAT-Swift science software SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc AB The BAT instrument tells Swift where to point to make immediate follow-up observations of GRBs. The science software on board must efficiently process gamma-ray events coming in at up to 34 kHz, identify rate increases that could be due to GRBs while disregarding those from known sources, and produce images to accurately and rapidly locate new Gamma-ray sources. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Palmer, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 663 EP 666 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700140 ER PT S AU McLean, KA Fenimore, EE Palmer, D Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Krimm, H Markwardt, C Parsons, A AF McLean, KA Fenimore, EE Palmer, D Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Krimm, H Markwardt, C Parsons, A BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Setting the triggering thresholds on Swift SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc AB The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on Swift has two main types of "rate" triggers: short and long. Short trigger time scales range from 4ms to 64ms, while long triggers are 64ms to approximate to 16 seconds. While both short and long trigger have criteria with one background sample (traditional "one-sided" triggers), the long triggers can also have criteria with two background samples ("bracketed" triggers) which remove trends in the background. Both long and short triggers can select energy ranges of 15-25, 15-50, 25-100 and 50-350 KeV. There are more than 190 short triggering criteria and approximately 500 long triggering criteria used to detect gamma ray bursts. To fully utilize these criteria, the thresholds must be set correctly. The optimum thresholds are determined by a tradeoff between avoiding false triggers and capturing as many bursts as possible. We use realistic simulated orbital variations, which are the prime cause of false triggers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McLean, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 667 EP 670 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700141 ER PT S AU Vestrand, WT Casperson, DJ Ho, C Raby, E Shirey, R Thompson, D White, RR Wren, J AF Vestrand, WT Casperson, DJ Ho, C Raby, E Shirey, R Thompson, D White, RR Wren, J BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Exploring the first minute: New technology for measuring color and polarization variations in prompt optical emission SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB With the coming launch of the Swift satellite, there will be many new opportunities to study the physics of the prompt optical emission from gamma ray bursts with robotic ground-based telescopes. We discuss a new imaging system under development at Los Alamos National Laboratory that will provide simultaneous multicolor photometry of the rapidly evolving prompt optical emission in the first minutes after a burst trigger. This next generation system employs state-of-the-art photon-counting imaging technology at the focal plane of a rapidly slewing telescope. The imaging sensor is composed of an S-20 photocathode, stacked microchannel plates, and crossed delay line readout electronics that together are capable of measuring the time of arrival and positions for individual optical photons with 200 picosecond time resolution. The imager is coupled with electronically tunable liquid-crystal filters to provide essentially simultaneous linear polarization and multicolor photometric measurements of the prompt optical emission from a gamma ray bursts. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vestrand, WT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-2,MS B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 719 EP 722 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700153 ER PT S AU Vestrand, WT Borozdin, K Casperson, DJ Davidoff, S Davis, H Fenimore, E Galassi, A McGowan, K Starr, D White, RR Wozniak, P Wren, J AF Vestrand, WT Borozdin, K Casperson, DJ Davidoff, S Davis, H Fenimore, E Galassi, A McGowan, K Starr, D White, RR Wozniak, P Wren, J BE Fenimore, EE Galassi, M TI Mining the sky for explosive optical transients with both eyes open SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: 30 YEARS OF DISCOVERY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 08-12, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Swift Satellite Miss, Spectrum Astro Inc ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB While it has been known for centuries that the optical sky is variable, monitoring the sky for optical transients with durations as short as a minute is an area of astronomical research that remains largely unexplored. Prompt follow-up observations of Gamma Ray Bursts have shown that bright, explosive, optical transients exist. However, there are many reasons to suspect the existence of explosive optical transients that cannot be located through sky monitoring by high-energy satellites. The RAPTOR sky monitoring system is an autonomous system of telescope arrays at Los Alamos National Laboratory that identities fast optical transients as short as a minute and makes follow-up observations in real time. The core of the RAPTOR system is composed of two arrays of telescopes, separated by 38 kilometers, that stereoscopically monitor a field of about 1300 square degrees for transients down to about 12.5th magnitude in 30 seconds. Both arrays are coupled to real-time data analysis pipelines that are designed to identify transients on timescales of seconds. Each telescope array also contains a more sensitive higher resolution "fovea" telescope, capable of both measuring the light curve at a faster cadence and providing color information. In a manner analogous to human vision, each array is mounted on a rapidly stewing mount so that the "fovea" of the array can be rapidly directed for real-time follow-up observations of any interesting transient identified by the wide-field system. We discuss the first results from RAPTOR and show that stereoscopic imaging and the absence of measurable parallax is a powerful tool for distinguishing real celestial transients in the "forest" of false positives. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vestrand, WT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-2,MS B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0208-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 727 BP 728 EP 732 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBC21 UT WOS:000224719700155 ER PT S AU Krupke, WF Beach, RJ Kanz, VK Payne, SA AF Krupke, WF Beach, RJ Kanz, VK Payne, SA BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC TI DPAL: A new class of CW, near-infrared, high-power diode-pumped alkali (vapor) lasers SO GAS AND CHEMICAL LASERS, AND APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gas and Chemical Lasers and Applications III CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diode-pumped-alkali-laser; DPAL; alkali vapor; cesium; rubidium; potassium ID RUBIDIUM; ATOMS AB DPAL, a new class of diode pumped alkali vapor lasers, offers the prospect for high efficiency cw laser radiation at near-infrared wavelengths: cesium 895 nm, rubidium 795 nm, and potassium 770 nm. The physics of DPAL lasers are outlined, and the results of laboratory demonstrations using a titanium sapphire surrogate pump are summarized, along with benchmarked device models. DPAL electrical efficiencies of 25-30% are projected and near-diffraction-limited DPAL device power scaling into the multi-kilowatt regime from a single aperture is also projected. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krupke, WF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5242-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5334 BP 156 EP 167 DI 10.1117/12.537984 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAF38 UT WOS:000221994800017 ER PT S AU Clevenger, LM Hart, WE AF Clevenger, LM Hart, WE BE Deb, K Poli, R Banzhaf, W Beyer, HG Burke, E Darwen, P Dasgupta, D Floreano, D Foster, O Harman, M Holland, O Lanzi, PL Spector, L Tettamanzi, A Thierens, D Tyrrell, A TI Convergence examples of a filter-based evolutionary algorithm SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION - GECCO 2004, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2004) CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Seattle, WA AB We describe and critique the convergence properties of filter-based evolutionary pattern search algorithms (F-EPSAs). F-EPSAs implicitly use a filter to perform a multi-objective search for constrained problems such that convergence can be guaranteed. We provide two examples that illustrate how F-EPSAs may generate limit points other than constrained stationary points. F-EPSAs are evolutionary pattern search methods that employ a finite set of search directions, and our examples illustrate how the choice of search directions impacts an F-EPSA's search dynamics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Clevenger, LM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, POB 5800,MS 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lmcleve@aol.com; wehart@cs.sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22344-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3102 BP 666 EP 677 PN 1 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE15 UT WOS:000225101200069 ER PT S AU Cantu-Paz, E AF Cantu-Paz, E BE Deb, K Poli, R Banzhaf, W Beyer, HG Burke, E Darwen, P Dasgupta, D Floreano, D Foster, O Harman, M Holland, O Lanzi, PL Spector, L Tettamanzi, A Thierens, D Tyrrell, A TI Adaptive sampling for noisy problems SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION - GECCO 2004, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2004) CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Seattle, WA ID EVOLUTION STRATEGIES; GENETIC ALGORITHMS AB The usual approach to deal with noise present in many real-world optimization problems is to take an arbitrary number of samples of the objective function and use the sample average as an estimate of the true objective value. The number of samples is typically chosen arbitrarily and remains constant for the entire optimization process. This paper studies an adaptive sampling technique that varies the number of samples based on the uncertainty of deciding between two individuals. Experiments demonstrate the effect of adaptive sampling on the final solution quality reached by a genetic algorithm and the computational cost required to find the solution. The results suggest that the adaptive technique can effectively eliminate the need to set the sample size a priori, but in many cases it requires high computational costs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cantupaz@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22344-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3102 BP 947 EP 958 PN 1 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE15 UT WOS:000225101200095 ER PT S AU Cantu-Paz, E AF Cantu-Paz, E BE Deb, K Poli, R Banzhaf, W Beyer, HG Burke, E Darwen, P Dasgupta, D Floreano, D Foster, O Harman, M Holland, O Lanzi, PL Spector, L Tettamanzi, A Thierens, D Tyrrell, A TI Feature subset selection, class separability, and genetic algorithms SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION - GECCO 2004, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2004) CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Seattle, WA AB The performance of classification algorithms in machine learning is affected by the features used to describe the labeled examples presented to the inducers. Therefore, the problem of feature subset selection has received considerable attention. Genetic approaches to this problem usually follow the wrapper approach: treat the inducer as a black box that is used to evaluate candidate feature subsets. The evaluations might take a considerable time and the traditional approach might be impractical for large data sets. This paper describes a hybrid of a simple genetic algorithm and a method based on class separability applied to the selection of feature subsets for classification problems. The proposed hybrid was compared against each of its components and two other feature selection wrappers that are used widely. The objective of this paper is to determine if the proposed hybrid presents advantages over the other methods in terms of accuracy or speed in this problem. The experiments used a Naive Bayes classifier and public-domain and artificial data sets. The experiments suggest that the hybrid usually finds compact feature subsets that give the most accurate results, while beating the execution time of the other wrappers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cantupaz@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22344-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3102 BP 959 EP 970 PN 1 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE15 UT WOS:000225101200096 ER PT S AU Huang, CF Rocha, LM AF Huang, CF Rocha, LM BE Deb, K Poli, R Banzhaf, W Beyer, HG Burke, E Darwen, P Dasgupta, D Floreano, D Foster, O Harman, M Holland, O Lanzi, PL Spector, L Tettamanzi, A Thierens, D Tyrrell, A TI A systematic study of genetic algorithms with genotype editing SO GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION - GECCO 2004, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2004) CY JUN 26-30, 2004 CL Seattle, WA ID RNA AB This paper continues our systematic study of an RNA-editing computational model of Genetic Algorithms (GA). This model is constructed based on several genetic editing characteristics that are gleaned from the RNA editing system as observed in several organisms. We have expanded the traditional Genetic Algorithm with artificial editing mechanisms as proposed in [11] and [12]. The incorporation of editing mechanisms, which stochastically alter the information encoded in the genotype, provides a means for artificial agents with genetic descriptions to gain greater phenotypic plasticity, which may be environmentally regulated. The systematic study of this artificial genotype editing model has shed some light into the evolutionary implications of RNA editing and how to select proper genotype editors to design more robust GAs. Our results also show promising applications to complex real-world problems. We expect that the framework here developed will both facilitate determining the evolutionary role of RNA editing in biology, and advance the current state of research in Evolutionary Computation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, CCS3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, CF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, CCS3, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cfhuang@lanl.gov; rocha@lanl.gov OI Rocha, Luis/0000-0001-9402-887X NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22344-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3102 BP 1233 EP 1245 PN 1 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE15 UT WOS:000225101200119 ER PT J AU Berman, BP Pfeiffer, BD Laverty, TR Salzberg, SL Rubin, GM Eisen, MB Celniker, SE AF Berman, BP Pfeiffer, BD Laverty, TR Salzberg, SL Rubin, GM Eisen, MB Celniker, SE TI Computational identification of developmental enhancers: conservation and function of transcription factor binding-site clusters in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIS-REGULATORY MODULES; FUSHI-TARAZU; ANTENNAPEDIA COMPLEX; BITHORAX COMPLEX; CONTROL ELEMENTS; GENOME SEQUENCE; CELL IDENTITY; TARGET GENES; UBX GENE; DNA AB Background: The identification of sequences that control transcription in metazoans is a major goal of genome analysis. In a previous study, we demonstrated that searching for clusters of predicted transcription factor binding sites could discover active regulatory sequences, and identified 37 regions of the Drosophila melanogaster genome with high densities of predicted binding sites for five transcription factors involved in anterior-posterior embryonic patterning. Nine of these clusters overlapped known enhancers. Here, we report the results of in vivo functional analysis of 27 remaining clusters. Results: We generated transgenic flies carrying each cluster attached to a basal promoter and reporter gene, and assayed embryos for reporter gene expression. Six clusters are enhancers of adjacent genes: giant, fushi tarazu, odd-skipped, nubbin, squeeze and pdm2; three drive expression in patterns unrelated to those of neighboring genes; the remaining 18 do not appear to have enhancer activity. We used the Drosophila pseudoobscura genome to compare patterns of evolution in and around the 15 positive and 18 false-positive predictions. Although conservation of primary sequence cannot distinguish true from false positives, conservation of binding-site clustering accurately discriminates functional binding-site clusters from those with no function. We incorporated conservation of binding-site clustering into a new genome-wide enhancer screen, and predict several hundred new regulatory sequences, including 85 adjacent to genes with embryonic patterns. Conclusions: Measuring conservation of sequence features closely linked to function - such as binding- site clustering - makes better use of comparative sequence data than commonly used methods that examine only sequence identity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Genom Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Genom Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbeisen@lbl.gov RI Berman, Benjamin/D-5942-2014; Salzberg, Steven/F-6162-2011 OI Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00750, R01 HG002779-03, R01 HG002779-04, R01 HG002779-05]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL667201]; NLM NIH HHS [LM06845, R01 LM006845] NR 81 TC 146 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 EI 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 9 AR R61 DI 10.1186/gb-2004-5-9-r61 PG 24 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 851AM UT WOS:000223656100006 PM 15345045 ER PT J AU Fay, JC McCullough, HL Sniegowski, PD Eisen, MB AF Fay, JC McCullough, HL Sniegowski, PD Eisen, MB TI Population genetic variation in gene expression is associated with phenotypic variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE; OXIDATIVE STRESS-RESPONSE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; BUDDING YEAST; COPPER; IDENTIFICATION; PATTERNS; METABOLISM; GENOME AB Background: The relationship between genetic variation in gene expression and phenotypic variation observable in nature is not well understood. Identifying how many phenotypes are associated with differences in gene expression and how many gene-expression differences are associated with a phenotype is important to understanding the molecular basis and evolution of complex traits. Results: We compared levels of gene expression among nine natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown either in the presence or absence of copper sulfate. Of the nine strains, two show a reduced growth rate and two others are rust colored in the presence of copper sulfate. We identified 633 genes that show significant differences in expression among strains. Of these genes, 20 were correlated with resistance to copper sulfate and 24 were correlated with rust coloration. The function of these genes in combination with their expression pattern suggests the presence of both correlative and causative expression differences. But the majority of differentially expressed genes were not correlated with either phenotype and showed the same expression pattern both in the presence and absence of copper sulfate. To determine whether these expression differences may contribute to phenotypic variation under other environmental conditions, we examined one phenotype, freeze tolerance, predicted by the differential expression of the aquaporin gene AQY2. We found freeze tolerance is associated with the expression of AQY2. Conclusions: Gene expression differences provide substantial insight into the molecular basis of naturally occurring traits and can be used to predict environment dependent phenotypic variation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Leidy Labs 324, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fay, JC (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Genet, 4566 Scott Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM jfay@genetics.wustl.edu NR 62 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-6914 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 4 AR R26 DI 10.1186/gb-2004-5-4-r26 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 808QX UT WOS:000220584700012 PM 15059259 ER PT J AU Kechris, KJ van Zwet, E Bickel, PJ Eisen, MB AF Kechris, KJ van Zwet, E Bickel, PJ Eisen, MB TI Detecting DNA regulatory motifs by incorporating positional trends in information content SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-BINDING SITES; EXPECTATION MAXIMIZATION; EM ALGORITHM; SEQUENCES; REGRESSION; LIKELIHOOD; ALIGNMENT; SELECTION; SAMPLER; MODELS AB On the basis of the observation that conserved positions in transcription factor binding sites are often clustered together, we propose a simple extension to the model-based motif discovery methods. We assign position-specific prior distributions to the frequency parameters of the model, penalizing deviations from a specified conservation profile. Examples with both simulated and real data show that this extension helps discover motifs as the data become noisier or when there is a competing false motif. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kechris, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, 600 16th St 2240, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM kechris@genome.ucsf.edu FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG002779, R01 HG002779-03, R01 HG002779-02, R01 HG002779-04] NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 EI 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 7 AR R50 DI 10.1186/gb-2004-5-7-r50 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 834RX UT WOS:000222429500015 PM 15239835 ER PT J AU Loguinov, AV Mian, IS Vulpe, CD AF Loguinov, AV Mian, IS Vulpe, CD TI Exploratory differential gene expression analysis in microarray experiments with no or limited replication SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRATAXIN-DEFICIENT STRAIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STATISTICAL-METHODS; IRON TRANSPORT; YEAST; IDENTIFICATION; DISCOVERY; PROTEIN; MODEL; MAC1 AB We describe an exploratory, data-oriented approach for identifying candidates for differential gene expression in cDNA microarray experiments in terms of alpha-outliers and outlier regions, using simultaneous tolerance intervals relative to the line of equivalence (Cy5=Cy3). We demonstrate the improved performance of our approach over existing single-slide methods using public datasets and simulation studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Loguinov, AV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci & Toxicol, Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Avl53@aol.com; vulpe@uclink4.berkeley.edu NR 73 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-6914 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 AR R18 DI 10.1186/gb-2004-5-3-r18 PG 33 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 780AC UT WOS:000189345300012 PM 15003121 ER PT J AU Moses, AM Chiang, DY Pollard, DA Iyer, VN Eisen, MB AF Moses, AM Chiang, DY Pollard, DA Iyer, VN Eisen, MB TI MONKEY: identifying conserved transcription-factor binding sites in multiple alignments using a binding site-specific evolutionary model SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY ELEMENTS; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; COMPUTATIONAL IDENTIFICATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE FAMILY; DNA; YEAST AB We introduce a method (MONKEY) to identify conserved transcription-factor binding sites in multispecies alignments. MONKEY employs probabilistic models of factor specificity and binding-site evolution, on which basis we compute the likelihood that putative sites are conserved and assign statistical significance to each hit. Using genomes from the genus Saccharomyces, we illustrate how the significance of real sites increases with evolutionary distance and explore the relationship between conservation and function. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Eisen, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbeisen@lbl.gov FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG002779-04, R01 HG002779-05] NR 51 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-6914 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 12 AR R98 DI 10.1186/gb-2004-5-12-r98 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 875YY UT WOS:000225460600010 PM 15575972 ER PT J AU Rey, MW Ramaiya, P Nelson, BA Brody-Karpin, SD Zaretsky, EJ Tang, M de Leon, AL Xiang, H Gusti, V Clausen, IG Olsen, PB Rasmussen, MD Andersen, JT Jorgensen, PL Larsen, TS Sorokin, A Bolotin, A Lapidus, A Galleron, N Ehrlich, SD Berka, RM AF Rey, MW Ramaiya, P Nelson, BA Brody-Karpin, SD Zaretsky, EJ Tang, M de Leon, AL Xiang, H Gusti, V Clausen, IG Olsen, PB Rasmussen, MD Andersen, JT Jorgensen, PL Larsen, TS Sorokin, A Bolotin, A Lapidus, A Galleron, N Ehrlich, SD Berka, RM TI Complete genome sequence of the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and comparisons with closely related Bacillus species SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN FAMILIES; SUBTILIS; STRAINS; DATABASE; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; LANTIBIOTICS; ANTIBIOTICS; INITIATION AB Background: Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming soil bacterium that is used in the biotechnology industry to manufacture enzymes, antibiotics, biochemicals and consumer products. This species is closely related to the well studied model organism Bacillus subtilis, and produces an assortment of extracellular enzymes that may contribute to nutrient cycling in nature. Results: We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the B. licheniformis ATCC 14580 genome which comprises a circular chromosome of 4,222,336 base-pairs ( bp) containing 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes with an average size of 873 bp, seven rRNA operons, and 72 tRNA genes. The B. licheniformis chromosome contains large regions that are colinear with the genomes of B. subtilis and Bacillus halodurans, and approximately 80% of the predicted B. licheniformis coding sequences have B. subtilis orthologs. Conclusions: Despite the unmistakable organizational similarities between the B. licheniformis and B. subtilis genomes, there are notable differences in the numbers and locations of prophages, transposable elements and a number of extracellular enzymes and secondary metabolic pathway operons that distinguish these species. Differences include a region of more than 80 kilobases (kb) that comprises a cluster of polyketide synthase genes and a second operon of 38 kb encoding plipastatin synthase enzymes that are absent in the B. licheniformis genome. The availability of a completed genome sequence for B. licheniformis should facilitate the design and construction of improved industrial strains and allow for comparative genomics and evolutionary studies within this group of Bacillaceae. C1 Novozymes Biotech Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Novozymes AS, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark. INRA, F-75007 Paris, France. AstraZeneca Int, SE-22187 Lund, Sweden. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Berka, RM (reprint author), Novozymes Biotech Inc, 1445 Drew Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ramb@novozymes.com RI Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013 OI Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731 NR 56 TC 164 Z9 712 U1 6 U2 53 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 EI 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 10 AR R77 DI 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r77 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 859DS UT WOS:000224243400010 PM 15461803 ER PT J AU Rodionov, DA Dubchak, I Arkin, A Alm, E Gelfand, MS AF Rodionov, DA Dubchak, I Arkin, A Alm, E Gelfand, MS TI Reconstruction of regulatory and metabolic pathways in metal-reducing delta-proteobacteria SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS HILDENBOROUGH; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS APPROACH; HYBRID-CLUSTER PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; VITAMIN-B-12 METABOLISM; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; GAMMA-PROTEOBACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSPORT GENES AB Background: Relatively little is known about the genetic basis for the unique physiology of metal-reducing genera in the delta subgroup of the proteobacteria. The recent availability of complete finished or draft-quality genome sequences for seven representatives allowed us to investigate the genetic and regulatory factors in a number of key pathways involved in the biosynthesis of building blocks and cofactors, metal-ion homeostasis, stress response, and energy metabolism using a combination of regulatory sequence detection and analysis of genomic context. Results: In the genomes of delta-proteobacteria, we identified candidate binding sites for four regulators of known specificity (BirA, CooA, HrcA, sigma-32), four types of metabolite-binding riboswitches (RFN-, THI-, B12-elements and S-box), and new binding sites for the FUR, ModE, NikR, PerR, and ZUR transcription factors, as well as for the previously uncharacterized factors HcpR and LysX. After reconstruction of the corresponding metabolic pathways and regulatory interactions, we identified possible functions for a large number of previously uncharacterized genes covering a wide range of cellular functions. Conclusions: Phylogenetically diverse delta-proteobacteria appear to have homologous regulatory components. This study for the first time demonstrates the adaptability of the comparative genomic approach to de novo reconstruction of a regulatory network in a poorly studied taxonomic group of bacteria. Recent efforts in large-scale functional genomic characterization of Desulfovibrio species will provide a unique opportunity to test and expand our predictions. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Informat Transmiss Problems, Moscow 127994, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. State Sci Ctr GosniiGenet, Moscow 117545, Russia. RP Rodionov, DA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Informat Transmiss Problems, Bolshoi KAretny Per 19, Moscow 127994, Russia. EM rodionov@genetika.ru RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; Gelfand, Mikhail/F-3425-2012 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; NR 69 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-6914 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 11 AR R90 DI 10.1186/gb-2004-5-11-r90 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 867PU UT WOS:000224855300011 PM 15535866 ER PT J AU Walian, P Cross, TA Jap, BK AF Walian, P Cross, TA Jap, BK TI Structural genomics of membrane proteins SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LIPIDIC CUBIC PHASES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYSTALLIZATION; NMR; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; RESOLUTION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; TOPOLOGY; BIOLOGY AB Improvements in the fields of membrane-protein molecular biology and biochemistry, technical advances in structural data collection and processing, and the availability of numerous sequenced genomes have paved the way for membrane-protein structural genomics efforts. There has been significant recent progress, but various issues essential for high-throughput membrane-protein structure determination remain to be resolved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Jap, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bkjap@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM064676, P01-GM64676] NR 51 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-6914 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2004 VL 5 IS 4 AR 215 DI 10.1186/gb-2004-5-4-215 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 808QX UT WOS:000220584700003 PM 15059248 ER PT J AU Boffelli, D Cheng, JF Rubin, EM AF Boffelli, D Cheng, JF Rubin, EM TI Convergent evolution in primates and an insectivore SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN(A); LIPOPROTEIN(A); GENE; PLASMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HEDGEHOG; SEQUENCE; ELEMENT AB The cardiovascular risk factor LPA has a puzzling distribution among mammals, its presence being limited to a subset of primates and a member of the insectivore lineage, the hedgehog. To explore the evolutionary history of LPA, we performed extensive genomic sequence comparisons of multiple species with and without an LPA gene product, such as human, baboon, hedgehog, lemur, and mouse. This analysis indicated that LPA arose independently in a subset of primates, including baboon and human, and an insectivore, the hedgehog, and was not simply lost by species lacking it. The similar structural domains shared by the hedgehog and primate LPA indicate that they were formed by a unique molecular mechanism involving the convergent evolution of paralogous genes in these distant species. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL66728] NR 22 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 83 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00148-4 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 759WZ UT WOS:000187775700003 PM 14667805 ER PT J AU Hu, QH Trautz, RC Wang, JSY AF Hu, QH Trautz, RC Wang, JSY TI Tracer migration experiments in unsaturated fractured tuff SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE tracer; unsaturated; fracture; flow path; rock ID WATER SEEPAGE; FLOW; MODEL; ROCK; MEDIA; DYES AB Field tracer experiments were conducted at an underground tunnel-the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF)-at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, to investigate the localized preferential flow and transport resulting from multiple episodic liquid-release tests in unsaturated fractured tuff. Liquid was released into an isolated test interval (0.30 m long) within a borehole drilled along ESF Out of 60 liquid-release tests, 36 contained tracers (mostly food and fluorescent dyes) to help us to elucidate the flow paths in unsaturated tuff. After the tracer-migration test, an array of 12 boreholes was drilled into the test area to collect rock samples. These samples were then analyzed to delineate the extent of tracer migration. Complementary laboratory column transport studies using crushed rock showed that the dye tracers were-at most-very weakly sorbed to the tuff matrix. We found that the tracer-migration test, with a limited release volume of 1.5 L, resulted in a localized distribution of tracers, most likely confined to a 1.0 x 1.6-m area directly below the test interval (over a vertical experimental length of about 0.65 m). This conclusion was corroborated by detecting dyes that had been introduced during previous liquid-release seepage tests either before or after niche excavation; the spatial distribution of all dyes was near their individual release intervals. Limited lateral spreading of the dyes occurred, even when several non-dye-containing seepage tests were intermittently conducted following dye release. This work also demonstrates the utility of applying multiple tracers (including food and fluorescent dyes) to help delineate transport characteristics in unsaturated fractured rock. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, QH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hu7@llnl.gov RI Hu, Qinhong/C-3096-2009 OI Hu, Qinhong/0000-0002-4782-319X NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2 BP 177 EP 189 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 825AA UT WOS:000221727200008 ER PT S AU DePaolo, DJ AF DePaolo, DJ BE Johnson, CM Beard, BL Albarede, F TI Calcium isotopic variations produced by biological, kinetic, radiogenic and nucleosynthetic processes SO GEOCHEMISTRY OF NON-TRADITIONAL STABLE ISOTOPES SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Nontraditional Stable Isotopes CY MAY 15-16, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP AGU, CGU ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ALUMINUM-RICH INCLUSIONS; K-CA; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; RB-SR; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SEAWATER CHEMISTRY; MARINE LIMESTONES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP DePaolo, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 77 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 35 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 0-939950-67-7 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2004 VL 55 BP 255 EP 288 DI 10.2138/gsrmg.55.1.255 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BAE32 UT WOS:000221800600008 ER PT J AU Zachara, JM Ainsworth, CC Brown, GE Catalano, JG McKinley, JP Qafoku, O Smith, SC Szecsody, JE Traina, SJ Warner, JA AF Zachara, JM Ainsworth, CC Brown, GE Catalano, JG McKinley, JP Qafoku, O Smith, SC Szecsody, JE Traina, SJ Warner, JA TI Chromium speciation and mobility in a high level nuclear waste vadose zone plume SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CHROMATE ADSORPTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PH-DEPENDENCE; HANFORD SITE; REDUCTION; SORPTION; KINETICS; 25-DEGREES-C; DISSOLUTION; BIOTITE AB Radioactive core samples containing elevated concentrations of Cr from a high level nuclear waste plume in the Hanford vadose zone were studied to asses the future mobility of Cr. Cr(VI) is an important subsurface contaminant at the Hanford Site. The plume originated in 1969 by leakage of self-boiling supernate from a tank containing REDOX process waste. The supernate contained high concentrations of alkali (NaOH approximate to 5.25 mol/L), salt (NaNO3/NaNO2 > 10 mol/L), aluminate [Al(OH)(4)(-) = 3.36 mol/L], Cr(VI) (0.413 mol/L), and Cs-137(+) (6.51 x 10(-5) mol/L). Water and acid extraction of the oxidized subsurface sediments indicated that a significant portion of the total Cr was associated with the solid phase. Mineralogic analyses, Cr valence speciation measurements by X-ray adsorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, and small column leaching studies were performed to identify the chemical retardation mechanism and leachability of Cr. While X-ray diffraction detected little mineralogic change to the sediments from waste reaction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that mineral particles within 5 m of the point of tank failure were coated with secondary, sodium aluminosilicate precipitates. The density of these precipitates decreased with distance from the source (e.g., beyond 10 In). The XANES and column studies demonstrated the reduction of 29-75% of the total Cr to insoluble Cr(III), and the apparent precipitation of up to 43% of the Cr(VI) as an unidentified, non-leachable phase. Both Cr(VI) reduction and Cr(VI) precipitation were greater in sediments closer to the leak source where significant mineral alteration was noted by SEM. These and other observations imply that basic mineral hydrolysis driven by large concentrations of OH- in the waste stream liberated Fe(II) from the otherwise oxidizing sediments that served as a reductant for CrO42-. The coarse-textured Hanford sediments 4 contain silt-sized mineral phases (biotite, clinochlore, magnetite, and ilmenite) that are sources of Fe(II). Other dissolution products (e.g., Ba2+) or AI(OH)(4)(-) present in the waste stream may have induced Cr(VI) precipitation as pH moderated through mineral reaction. The results demonstrate that a minimum of 42% of the total Cr inventory in all of the samples was immobilized as Cr(III) and Cr(VI) precipitates that are unlikely to dissolve and migrate to groundwater under the low recharge conditions of the Hanford vadose zone. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif, Merced, CA 95433 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Zachara, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.zachara@pnl.gov RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X NR 67 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1 BP 13 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00417-4 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 760TX UT WOS:000187851900002 ER PT J AU Ridley, MK Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA AF Ridley, MK Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ Palmer, DA TI Modeling the surface complexation of calcium at the rutile-water interface to 250 degrees C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID INCIDENCE XAFS SPECTROSCOPY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; OXIDE SURFACES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; THEORETICAL PREDICTION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; METAL (HYDR)OXIDES; ION ADSORPTION; GOETHITE AB The adsorption behavior of metal-(hydr)oxide surfaces can be described and rationalized using a variety of surface complexation models. However, these models do not uniquely describe experimental data unless some additional insight into actual binding mechanisms for a given system is available. This paper presents the results of applying the MUlti SIte Complexation or MUSIC model, coupled with a Stem-based three layer description of the electric double layer, to Ca2+ adsorption data on rutile surfaces from 25 to 250degreesC in 0.03 and 0.30 m NaCl background electrolyte. Model results reveal that the tetradentate adsorption configuration found for Sr2+ adsorbed on the rutile (110) surface in the in situ X-ray standing wave experiments of Fenter et al. (2000) provides a good fit to all Ca2+ adsorption data. Furthermore, it is also shown that equally good fits result from other plausible adsorption complexes, including various monodentate and bidentate adsorption configurations. These results amply demonstrate the utility of in situ spectroscopic data to constrain surface complexation modeling, and the ability of the MUSIC model approach to accommodate this spectroscopic information. Moreover, this is the first use of any surface complexation model to describe multivalent ion adsorption systematically into the hydrothermal regime. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ridley, MK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 41053, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM moira.ridley@ttu.edu NR 50 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00420-4 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 762JB UT WOS:000187967400005 ER PT J AU Rehder, G Kirby, SH Durham, WB Stern, LA Peltzer, ET Pinkston, J Brewer, PG AF Rehder, G Kirby, SH Durham, WB Stern, LA Peltzer, ET Pinkston, J Brewer, PG TI Dissolution rates of pure methane hydrate and carbon-dioxide hydrate in undersaturated seawater at 1000-m depth SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CO2 HYDRATE; LIQUID CO2; CLATHRATE-HYDRATE; SEA-FLOOR; WATER; OCEAN; STABILITY; DISPOSAL; STATE; FLOWS AB To help constrain models involving the chemical stability and lifetime of gas clathrate hydrates exposed at the seafloor, dissolution rates of pure methane and carbon-dioxide hydrates were measured directly on the seafloor within the nominal pressure-temperature (P/T) range of the gas hydrate stability zone. Other natural boundary conditions included variable flow velocity and undersaturation of seawater with respect to the hydrate-forming species. Four cylindrical test specimens of pure, polycrystalline CH4 and CO2 hydrate were grown and fully compacted in the laboratory, then transferred by pressure vessel to the seafloor (1028 m depth), exposed to the deep ocean environment, and monitored for 27 hours using time-lapse and HDTV cameras. Video analysis showed diameter reductions at rates between 0.94 and 1.20 mum/s and between 9.0 and 10.6 (.) 10(-2) mum/s for the CO2 and CH4 hydrates, respectively, corresponding to dissolution rates of 4.15 +/- 0.5 rmnol CO2/m(2)s and 0.37 +/- 0.03 mmol CH4/m(2)s. The ratio of the dissolution rates fits a diffusive boundary layer model that incorporates relative gas solubilities appropriate to the field site, which implies that the kinetics of the dissolution of both hydrates is diffusion-controlled. The observed dissolution of several mm (CH4) or tens of mm (CO2) of hydrate from the sample surfaces per day has major implications for estimating the longevity of natural gas hydrate outcrops as well as for the possible roles of CO2 hydrates in marine carbon sequestration strategies. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rehder, G (reprint author), GEOMAR Res Ctr, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. EM grehder@geomar.de OI Peltzer, Edward/0000-0003-2821-3553 NR 35 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.001 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 762JB UT WOS:000187967400008 ER PT J AU Cole, DR Larson, PB Riciputi, LR Mora, CI AF Cole, DR Larson, PB Riciputi, LR Mora, CI TI Oxygen isotope zoning profiles in hydrothermally altered feldspars: Estimating the duration of water-rock interaction SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxygen isotopes; hydrothermal alteration; kinetics; diffusion; ion probe ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; STABLE-ISOTOPE; DIFFUSION; COLORADO; SYSTEM; RICO; EXCHANGE; MINERALIZATION; MECHANISMS; PORPHYRY AB The characterization of intragrain mineralogical and isotopic zoning patterns provides the basis for estimating the duration of fluid-rock interaction associated with mineral replacement reactions. In the Rico, Colorado, hydrothermal system, oxygen isotope ratios in reaction rims on partially reacted plagioclase feldspar exhibit some of the largest gradients yet reported for individual grains (to 15%). The extent of rim formation and accompanying isotopic exchange vary across the system as a function of temperature, fluid isotope composition, and the local fluid/rock ratio. Distal feldspars show narrow rims with O-18 enrichments relative to pristine feldspars. Feldspars intermediate or proximal to the system's center have wide reaction rims or-are completely exchanged and show O-18 depletions. Formation times of reaction rims and associated isotopic patterns have been estimated with a coupled reaction-diffusion model that suggests that hotter (similar to250-350 degreesC) hydrothermal circulation was active for similar to100-300 k.y. in the center part of the system, perhaps only while the igneous heat engine was still magma. Cooler (similar to150-200 degreesC) circulation was widespread, lasting for >1000 k.y. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Geol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cole, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mora, Claudia/B-5511-2017 OI Mora, Claudia/0000-0003-2042-0208 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1130/G19881.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 765EH UT WOS:000188253800008 ER PT J AU Evans, WC van Soest, MC Mariner, RH Hurwitz, S Ingebritsen, SE Wicks, CW Schmidt, ME AF Evans, WC van Soest, MC Mariner, RH Hurwitz, S Ingebritsen, SE Wicks, CW Schmidt, ME TI Magmatic intrusion west of Three sisters, Central Oregon, USA: The perspective from spring geochemistry SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE three sisters; oregon; springs; gases; intrusions ID CASCADE RANGE; HEAT-FLOW; CALIFORNIA; GAS; WASHINGTON; ORIGIN; CARBON AB A geochemical investigation of springs near Three Sisters volcanoes was conducted in response to the detection of crustal uplift west of the peaks. Dilute, low-temperature springs near the center of uplift show He-3/He-4 ratios greater than or equal to7R(A) (R-A is the ratio in air), and transport in total similar to16 MW of heat and similar to180 g/s of magmatic carbon (as CO2). These anomalous conditions clearly reflect the influence of magma, but they seemingly predate the onset of the present uplift and derive from a previous event. Episodes of intrusion may thus be more common in this area than the age of eruptive vents would imply. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Isotope Geochem Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97370 USA. RP Evans, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1130/G19974.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 765EH UT WOS:000188253800018 ER PT B AU Berryman, JG Borcea, L Papanicolaou, GC Tsogka, C AF Berryman, JG Borcea, L Papanicolaou, GC Tsogka, C BE Croke, CB Lasiecka, I Uhlmann, G Vogelius, MS TI Statistical stability and time-reversal imaging in random media SO GEOMETRIC METHODS IN INVERSE PROBLEMS AND PDE CONTROL SE IMA VOLUMES IN MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Geometric Methods in Inverse Problems and PDE Control CY 2001 CL Minneapolis, MN ID NONLINEAR INVERSION METHOD; ACOUSTICS; RESOLUTION; OPERATOR; BEARING; FIELDS AB Localization of targets imbedded in a heterogeneous background medium is a common problem in seismic, ultrasonic, and electromagnetic imaging problems. The best imaging techniques make. direct use of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the array response matrix, as recent work on time-reversal acoustics has shown. Of the various imaging functionals studied, one that is representative of a preferred class is a time-domain generalization of MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification), which is a well-known linear subspace method normally applied only in the frequency domain. Since statistical stability is not characteristic of the frequency domain, a transform back to the time domain after first diagonalizing the array data in the frequency domain takes optimum advantage of both the time-domain stability and the frequency-domain orthogonality of the relevant eigenfunctions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Labs, POB 808 L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Tsogka, Chrysoula/B-9904-2015 OI Tsogka, Chrysoula/0000-0002-5839-8889 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-40529-1 J9 IMA V MATH PY 2004 VL 137 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BY67Y UT WOS:000189437100002 ER PT J AU Daley, TM Majer, EL Peterson, JE AF Daley, TM Majer, EL Peterson, JE TI Crosswell seismic imaging in a contaminated basalt aquifer SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEXAS CARBONATE RESERVOIR; ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION; P-WAVE; ROCK; PERMEABILITY; ATTENUATION; ANISOTROPY; TOMOGRAPHY; AMPLITUDES; VELOCITIES AB Multiple seismic crosswell surveys have been acquired and analyzed in a fractured basalt aquifer at Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. Most of these surveys used a high-frequency (1000-10,000 Hz) piezoelectric seismic source to obtain P-wave velocity tomograms. The P-wave velocities range from less than 3200 m/s to more than 5000 m/s. Additionally, a new type of borehole seismic source was deployed as part of the subsurface characterization program at this contaminated groundwater site. This source, known as an orbital vibrator, allows simultaneous acquisition of P- and S-waves at frequencies of 100 to 400 Hz, and acquisition over larger distances. The velocity tomograms show a relationship to contaminant transport in the groundwater; zones of high contaminant concentration are coincident with zones of low velocity and high attenuation and are interpreted to be fracture zones at the boundaries between basalt flows. The orbital vibrator data show high V-p/V-s values, from 1.8 to 2.8. In spite of the lower resolution of orbital vibrator data, these data were sufficient for constraining hydrologic models at this site while achieving imaging over large interwell distances. The combination of piezoelectric data for closer well spacing and orbital vibrator data for larger well spacings has provided optimal imaging capability and has been instrumental in our understanding of the site aquifer's hydrologic properties and its scale of heterogeneity. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Seismol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Daley, TM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Seismol, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tmdaley@lbl.gov; elmajer@lbl.gov; jepeterson@lbl.gov RI Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1190/1.1649371 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 773QX UT WOS:000188935200001 ER PT J AU Minkoff, SE Stone, CM Bryant, S Peszynska, M AF Minkoff, SE Stone, CM Bryant, S Peszynska, M TI Coupled geomechanics and flow simulation for time-lapse seismic modeling SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB To accurately predict production in compactible reservoirs, we must use coupled models of fluid flow and mechanical deformation. Staggered-in-time loose coupling of flow and deformation via a high-level numerical interface that repeatedly calls first flow and then mechanics allows us to leverage the decades of work put into individual flow and mechanics simulators while still capturing realistic coupled physics. These two processes are often naturally modeled using different time stepping schemes and different spatial grids-flow should only model the reservoir, whereas mechanics requires a grid that extends to the earth's surface for overburden loading and may extend further than the reservoir in the lateral directions. Although spatial and temporal variability between flow and mechanics can be difficult to accommodate with full coupling, it is easily handled via loose coupling. We calculate the total stress by adding pore pressures to the effective rock stress. In turn, changes in volume strain induce updates to porosity and permeability and, hence, dynamically alter the flow solution during simulation. Incorporating the resulting time-dependent pressures, saturations, and porosities (from coupled flow and mechanics) into Gassmann's equations results in seismic wave velocities and densities that can differ markedly from those calculated from flow alone. In a synthetic numerical experiment based on Belridge field, California, incorporation of coupled flow and mechanical deformation into time-lapse calculations produces compressional wave velocities that differ markedly from those produced by flow alone. In fact, it is the closing of the pores themselves (reduction in permeability) in this example which has the greatest impact on fluid pressures and saturations and, hence, elastic wave parameters such as velocity. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Solid Mech & Struct Dynam Dept 9142, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Substance Modeling, Inst Computat & Engn Sci ICES, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Minkoff, SE (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM sminkoff@math.umbc.edu; cmstone@sandia.gov; sbryant@ices.utexas.edu; mpesz@math.orst.edu NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1 BP 200 EP 211 DI 10.1190/1.1649388 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 773QX UT WOS:000188935200018 ER PT S AU Istratov, AA Buonassisi, T McDonald, RJ Smith, AR Schindler, R Rand, J Kalejs, JP Weber, ER AF Istratov, AA Buonassisi, T McDonald, RJ Smith, AR Schindler, R Rand, J Kalejs, JP Weber, ER BE Richter, H Kittler, M TI Metal content of multicrystalline silicon for solar cells and its impact on minority carrier diffusion length SO GETTERING AND DEFECT ENGINEERING IN SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Autumn Meeting on Gettering and Defect Engineering in Semiconductor Technology (GADEST 2003) CY SEP 21-26, 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP IHP Frankfurt, IHP BTU Joint Lab, European Mat Res Soc DE chromium; cobalt; copper; gettering; gold; iron; molybdenum; multicrystalline silicon; neutron activation analysis; nickel; solar cells ID RECOMBINATION PROPERTIES; IMPURITIES; COPPER; PRECIPITATION; IRON AB The metal content of three types of silicon material for cost-efficient solar cells, Astropower silicon-film sheet material, Baysix cast material, and EFG ribbon-grown multicrystalline silicon was determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Iron, nickel, and chromium were found in concentrations between 10(12) and 1.8x10(15) cm(-3), depending on the material. The concentration of cobalt, molybdenum, and copper was between 10(12) and 5x10(13) cm(-3). Since the minority carrier diffusion length in all three mc-Si materials was much higher than one would expect if all metals were dissolved in an interstitial or substitutional state, we concluded that the metals most likely formed clusters or precipitates with a lower recombination activity than the interstitial/substitutional metals. No significant difference was observed between the metal content of the high and low lifetime areas of each material. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, DE-79110 Freiburg, Germany. Astropower, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RWE Schott Solar Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Istratov, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, MS 62R0203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM istratov@socrates.berkeley.edu; weber@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908450-82-9 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2004 VL 95-96 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BY48V UT WOS:000189347700025 ER PT S AU Catellani, A Cicero, G Galli, G Pizzagalli, L AF Catellani, A Cicero, G Galli, G Pizzagalli, L BE Richter, H Kittler, M TI First principles simulations of extended defects at cubic SiC surfaces and interfaces SO GETTERING AND DEFECT ENGINEERING IN SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY SE Solid State Phenomena LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Autumn Meeting on Gettering and Defect Engineering in Semiconductor Technology (GADEST 2003) CY SEP 21-26, 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP IHP Frankfurt, IHP BTU Joint Lab, European Mat Res Soc DE dislocations; energetics; molecular dynamics; point defects; silicon carbide; solid surfaces; solid-solid interfaces; structure ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; SILICON-CARBIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THERMAL-STABILITY; SIC(001) SURFACE; VACANCY; ENERGIES; GROWTH; FILMS AB In this paper, we will review some recent investigations on extended defects in cubic SiC, as obtained from first-principles molecular dynamics. As an example of defects at surfaces, the formation of self-assembled nanowires, originating from coordination defects at the Carbon terminated SiC(001) surface is discussed. Furthermore, the mechanism governing the creation of a network of edge dislocations at the SiC/Si interface is presented. This system, characterized by a peculiar similar to20% lattice mismatch, can be considered as a template of high lattice mismatched heterostructures, where an ab initio approach is still affordable. We will discuss differences and similarities between the (001) and (111) interfaces, and compare our results with recent experimental data. C1 CNR, IMEM, IT-43010 Parma, Italy. Politecn Torino, INFM, IT-10129 Turin, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Poitiers, FR-86962 Futuroscope, France. CNRS, Met Phys Lab, FR-86962 Futuroscope, France. RP Catellani, A (reprint author), CNR, IMEM, Parco Area Sci 37A, IT-43010 Parma, Italy. EM catellani@imem.cnr.it; gcicero@polito.it; galligygi1@llnl.gov; pizza@univ-poitiers.fr RI Pizzagalli, Laurent/A-1445-2013; OI Catellani, Alessandra/0000-0001-5197-7186; Cicero, Giancarlo/0000-0002-2920-9882 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908450-82-9 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOMEN PY 2004 VL 95-96 BP 415 EP 421 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BY48V UT WOS:000189347700059 ER PT S AU Istratov, AA Huber, W Weber, ER AF Istratov, AA Huber, W Weber, ER BE Richter, H Kittler, M TI Gettering strategies for SOI wafers SO GETTERING AND DEFECT ENGINEERING IN SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Autumn Meeting on Gettering and Defect Engineering in Semiconductor Technology (GADEST 2003) CY SEP 21-26, 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP IHP Frankfurt, IHP BTU Joint Lab, European Mat Res Soc DE gettering; iron; polysilicon; silicon dioxide; SOI ID SILICON DIOXIDE; DIFFUSION; IRON AB Gettering strategies for iron in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers are discussed. The buried oxide layer in SOI wafers forms a diffusion barrier for transition metals and may substantially reduce the efficiency of traditional gettering techniques, such as internal gettering. It follows from the modeling results that at standard device processing temperatures one has to rely primarily on proximity gettering techniques, e.g., on heavily doped wells in the device area. In contrast, polysilicon might be a very efficient means for gettering in SOI wafers during high temperature anneals as our data indicate that iron segregates in polysilicon at temperatures above 1000degreesC. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sumco USA, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. RP Istratov, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, MS 62R0203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM istratov@socrates.berkeley.edu; weber@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908450-82-9 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2004 VL 95-96 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BY48V UT WOS:000189347700077 ER PT S AU Zhang, P Istratov, AA Vainola, H Weber, ER AF Zhang, P Istratov, AA Vainola, H Weber, ER BE Richter, H Kittler, M TI Re-dissolution of gettered iron impurities in Czochralski-grown silicon SO GETTERING AND DEFECT ENGINEERING IN SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Autumn Meeting on Gettering and Defect Engineering in Semiconductor Technology (GADEST 2003) CY SEP 21-26, 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP IHP Frankfurt, IHP BTU Joint Lab, European Mat Res Soc DE dissolution; gettering; iron; oxide precipitates; thermal stability ID WAFER; TECHNOLOGY AB In order to control the degradation of silicon devices by metal impurities, especially transition metals, different gettering techniques were developed in the past decades. The transition metal gettering by oxide precipitates formed in the bulk wafer turns out to be efficient for fast diffusers such as iron. However, the gettered iron impurities can re-dissolve after gettering into the silicon matrix during the thermal cycles and very little is known about this dissolution process. In this paper, we report a systematic study of the re-dissolution behavior of gettered iron impurities in p-type Czochralski-grown silicon with doping level about 2.5x10(14) cm(-3) and oxide precipitates density of 5x10(9) cm(-3). The concentration of interstitial iron and iron-boron pairs is measured by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). It is found that the dependence of the re-dissolved iron concentration on annealing time can be fitted empirically by the function C(t) = C-o (1 - e(-1/tau)), and tau(-1) has an Arrhenius dependence on temperature: tau(-1) = 4.01 x 10(4) x exp(-1.47eV/k(B)T).s(-1). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Electron Phys Lab, FI-02015 Helsinki, Finland. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, MS 62R0203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pzhang@lbl.gov; istratov@socrates.berkeley.edu; hele.vainola@hut.fi RI Savin, Hele/E-5155-2012 OI Savin, Hele/0000-0003-3946-7727 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908450-82-9 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2004 VL 95-96 BP 577 EP 579 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BY48V UT WOS:000189347700082 ER PT S AU Vainola, H Zhang, P Haarahiltunen, A Istratov, AA Weber, ER AF Vainola, H Zhang, P Haarahiltunen, A Istratov, AA Weber, ER BE Richter, H Kittler, M TI Simulations of iron re-dissolution from oxygen precipitates in Cz-silicon and its impact on gettering efficiency SO GETTERING AND DEFECT ENGINEERING IN SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Autumn Meeting on Gettering and Defect Engineering in Semiconductor Technology (GADEST 2003) CY SEP 21-26, 2003 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP IHP Frankfurt, IHP BTU Joint Lab, European Mat Res Soc DE Cz-silicon; dissolution; gettering; iron; oxygen precipitates; rapid thermal processing AB We have performed modeling of gettering and re-dissolution of iron during a variety of annealing sequences used in integrated circuits processing. The simulations are based on the new empirical equation obtained for the iron re-dissolution time constant which shows a significant binding between the gettered iron and oxide precipitates. The results show that a typical rapid thermal annealing does not completely dissolve the gettered iron. The impact of this finding on the optimization of gettering efficiency in modem device manufacturing is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Electron Phys Lab, FI-02015 Helsinki, Finland. RP Vainola, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, MS 62-R0203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hele.vainola@hut.fi RI Savin, Hele/E-5155-2012 OI Savin, Hele/0000-0003-3946-7727 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908450-82-9 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2004 VL 95-96 BP 581 EP 586 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BY48V UT WOS:000189347700083 ER PT J AU Wongpreedee, K Russell, AM AF Wongpreedee, K Russell, AM TI Kinetic transformation of nanofilamentary Au metal-metal composites SO GOLD BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION; ALLOYS; DIFFUSION; STRENGTH AB Recovery and recrystallization of Au wire can degrade strength and alter conductivity properties during exposure to elevated temperature. Au Deformation Processed Metal-Metal Composites (Au DMMC's) are being developed for electronic applications requiring high conductivity and high strength. This paper discusses the relationships between microstructure, strength, and resistivity of Au DMMC's. Au DMMC samples were prepared by a powder metallurgy technique and processed into wire down to diameters as low as 120 pm. The extensive deformation reshaped the initially equi-axed powder into filaments that are 30 to 100 nm in diameter and 16 to 180 mm in length, which confers high strength. The high conductivity can be explained by electrons flowing parallel to the filamentary microstructure aligned with the wire axis. Au DMMC's were found to have good thermal stability compared to conventional cold-worked Au interconnection wires. Although these composites will revert to solid solutions if exposed to high temperatures for prolonged times, their relative stability is sufficient to allow them to maintain their two-phase microstructure during the anticipated lifetime temperature profiles of many products. C1 Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Sci, Div Mat Sci, Dept Gen Sci, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wongpreedee, K (reprint author), Srinakharinwirot Univ, Fac Sci, Div Mat Sci, Dept Gen Sci, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. EM kageeporn@swu.ac.th OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WORLD GOLD COUNCIL PI LONDON PA 55 OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON EC2M 1RX, ENGLAND SN 0017-1557 J9 GOLD BULL JI Gold Bull. PY 2004 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 174 EP 180 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 909LT UT WOS:000227862100004 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M AF Massoudi, Mehrdad BE Antony, SJ Hoyle, W Ding, Y TI Constitutive Modelling of Flowing Granular Materials: A Continuum Approach SO GRANULAR MATERIALS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEDGE-SHAPED HOPPER; COHESIONLESS ANTIGRANULOCYTES MATERIALS; FRICTIONAL COSSERAT MODEL; STEADY COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; MOHR-COULOMB CRITERION; RADIAL GRAVITY PROBLEM; FULLY-DEVELOPED FLOW; INELASTIC SPHERES; SHEAR-FLOW; RAPID FLOW C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 212 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84755-099-6 PY 2004 BP 63 EP 107 DI 10.1039/9781847550996-00063 D2 10.1039/9781847550996 PG 45 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BKV38 UT WOS:000269352800004 ER PT J AU Comfort, DA Chhabra, SR Conners, SB Chou, CJ Epting, KL Johnson, MR Jones, KL Sehgal, AC Kelly, RM AF Comfort, DA Chhabra, SR Conners, SB Chou, CJ Epting, KL Johnson, MR Jones, KL Sehgal, AC Kelly, RM TI Strategic biocatalysis with hyperthermophilic enzymes SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID BACTERIUM THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; THERMOSTABLE ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE; XYLOSE GLUCOSE ISOMERASE; CROSS-LINKED GUAR; THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; RANDOM MUTAGENESIS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS AB With the advent of genome sequence information, in addition to capabilities for cloning and expressing genes of interest in foreign hosts, a wide range of hyperthermophilic enzymes have become accessible for potential applications for biocatalytic processes. Not only can these enzymes be useful for strategic opportunities at high temperatures, but there may also be advantages that derive from their relatively low activity at suboptimal temperatures. Examples of several possible ways in which hyperthermophilic enzymes could be used are presented, including cases where they could serve as environmentally benign alternatives in existing industrial processes. C1 NCSU Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA USA. Merck & Co Inc, Sterile Proc Technol & Engn, W Point, PA 19486 USA. RP Kelly, RM (reprint author), NCSU Dept Chem Engn, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM srchhabr@sandia.gov; rmkelly@eos.ncsu.edu OI Comfort, Donald/0000-0003-4722-0898 NR 99 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2004 VL 6 IS 9 BP 459 EP 465 DI 10.1039/b406297c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 858PR UT WOS:000224204700005 ER PT S AU Amin, K von Laszewski, G Mikler, AR AF Amin, K von Laszewski, G Mikler, AR BE Li, M Sun, XH Deng, Q Ni, J TI Grid computing for the masses: An overview SO GRID AND COOPERATIVE COMPUTING, PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Grid and Cooperative Computing CY DEC 07-10, 2003 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA AB The common goals of the Grid and peer-to-peer communities have brought them in close proximity. Both the technologies overlay a collaborative resource-sharing infrastructure on existing (public) networks. In realizing this shared goal, however, they concentrate on significantly contrasting issues. The Grid paradigm focuses on performance, control, security, specialization, and standardization. On the other hand, the peer-to-peer paradigm concentrates on fault tolerance, resilience, decentralization, and peer cooperation. In this paper, we discuss Grid usage models including traditional Grids, ad hoc Grids, and federated Grids. We compare these approaches to peer-to-peer computing and discuss the issues involved in the convergence of the two paradigms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Amin, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21993-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3033 BP 464 EP 473 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC97 UT WOS:000221609100080 ER PT S AU Al-Ali, R Amin, K von Laszewski, G Rana, O Walker, D AF Al-Ali, R Amin, K von Laszewski, G Rana, O Walker, D BE Li, M Sun, XH Deng, Q Ni, J TI An OGSA-based quality of service framework SO GRID AND COOPERATIVE COMPUTING, PT 2 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Grid and Cooperative Computing CY DEC 07-10, 2003 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA AB Grid computing provides a robust paradigm to aggregate disparate resources in a secure and controlled environment. Grid architectures require an underpinning Quality of Service (QoS) support in order to manage complex data and computation intensive applications. However, QoS guarantees in the Grid context have not been given the attention they merit. In order to enhance the functionality offered by computational Grids, we overlay the Grid framework with an advanced QoS architecture, called G-QoSM. The G-QoSM framework provides a new service-oriented QoS management model that leverages the Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA) and has a number of interesting features: (1) Grid service discovery based on QoS attributes, (2) policy-based admission control for advance reservation support, and (3) Grid service execution with QoS constraints. This paper discusses the different components of the G-QoSM framework, in the context of OGSA architectures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Cardiff CF1 1XL, S Glam, Wales. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Al-Ali, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rana, Omer/B-5065-2010; Walker, David/B-7978-2010; von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012; OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X; Walker, David/0000-0002-1360-6330 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21993-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3033 BP 529 EP 540 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAC97 UT WOS:000221609100088 ER PT S AU Erskine, DJ Edelstein, J AF Erskine, DJ Edelstein, J BE Moorwood, AFM Iye, M TI Interferometric resolution boosting for spectrographs SO GROUND-BASED INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 21-25, 2004 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE externally dispersed interferometer; EDI; interferometry; Fourier transform spectrometer; high resolution spectroscopy; Doppler; radial velocity ID EXTERNALLY DISPERSED INTERFEROMETER; RADIAL VELOCIMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY AB Externally dispersed interferometry (EDI) is a technique for enhancing the performance of spectrographs for wide bandwidth high resolution spectroscopy and Doppler radial velocimetry. By placing a small angle-independent interferometer near the slit of a spectrograph, periodic fiducials are embedded on the recorded spectrum. The multiplication of the stellar spectrum times the sinusoidal fiducial net creates a moire pattern, which manifests high detailed spectral information heterodyned down to detectably low spatial frequencies. The latter can more accurately survive the blurring, distortions and CCD Nyquist limitations of the spectrograph. Hence lower resolution spectrographs can be used to perform high resolution spectroscopy and radial velocimetry. Previous demonstrations of similar to2.5 x resolution boost used an interferometer having a single fixed delay. We report new data indicating similar to6x Gaussian resolution boost (140,000 from a spectrograph with 25,000 native resolving power), taken by using multiple exposures at widely different interferometer delays. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Erskine, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5424-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5492 BP 190 EP 199 DI 10.1117/12.549947 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBC20 UT WOS:000224718600018 ER PT J AU Scheibe, T AF Scheibe, T TI Interactive models for ground water flow and solute transport SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID 1ST-ORDER DECAY C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Tech Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Scheibe, T (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Tech Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 8 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02445.x PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 762JL UT WOS:000187968400004 ER PT J AU LaBrecque, DJ Sharpe, R Wood, T Heath, G AF LaBrecque, DJ Sharpe, R Wood, T Heath, G TI Small-scale electrical resistivity tomography of wet fractured rocks SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial International Conference on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management (Spectrum 2002) CY 2002 CL RENO, NEVADA AB This paper describes a series of experiments that tested the ability of the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method to locate correctly wet and dry fractures in a meso-scale model. The goal was to develop a method of monitoring, the flow of water through a fractured rock matrix. The model was a four by six array of limestone blocks equipped with 28 stainless steel electrodes. Dry fractures were created by placing pieces of vinyl between one or more blocks. Wet fractures were created by injecting tap water into a joint between blocks. In electrical terms, the dry fractures are resistive and the wet fractures are conductive. The quantities measured by the ERT system are current and voltage around the outside edge of the model. The raw ERT data were translated to resistivity values inside the model using a three-dimensional Occam's inversion routine. This routine was one of the key components of ERT being tested. The model presented several challenges. First, the resistivity of both the blocks and the joints was highly variable. Second, the resistive targets introduced extreme changes the software could not precisely quantify. Third, the abrupt changes inherent in a fracture system were contrary to the smoothly varying changes expected by the Occam's inversion routine. Fourth, the response of the conductive fractures was small compared to the background variability. In general, ERT was able to locate correctly resistive fractures. Problems occurred, however, when the resistive fracture was near the edges of the model or when multiple fractures were close together. In particular, ERT tended to position the fracture closer to the model center than its true location. Conductive fractures yielded much smaller responses than the resistive case. A difference-inversion method was able to correctly locate these targets. C1 Multi Phase Technol LLC, Sparks, NV 89436 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP LaBrecque, DJ (reprint author), Multi Phase Technol LLC, 310 Rebecca Dr, Sparks, NV 89436 USA. EM dlabrecque@mpt3d.com; rsharpe@mpt3d.com; heatgl@inel.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02456.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 762JL UT WOS:000187968400015 PM 14763623 ER PT S AU Weygand, DP AF Weygand, DP BE Klempt, E Koch, H Orht, H TI Hadron spectroscopy at Jefferson Laboratory SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 06, 2003 CL Aschaffenburg, GERMANY SP Bayrisches Staatsministerium Wissensch, Forsch & Kunst, Bundesministerium Bild & Forsch, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dynamitron Tandem Lab, Gesell Scherionen Forsch mbH ID RESONANCE; REGION; MODEL; STATE AB Recent results on hadron spectroscopy from Jefferson Laboratory's CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) are presented. In particular we present results from the baryon resonance program for both electro- and photo- production. Also, we present very preliminary results on meson spectroscopy in gammap interactions, and new results on the observation of the exotic baryon, the Theta(+). C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Weygand, DP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0197-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 717 BP 209 EP 220 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BAY49 UT WOS:000224222600036 ER PT S AU Cahn, RN AF Cahn, RN CA BABAR Collaboration BE Klempt, E Koch, H Orht, H TI BABAR results on the D-s system SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 06, 2003 CL Aschaffenburg, GERMANY SP Bayrisches Staatsministerium Wissensch, Forsch & Kunst, Bundesministerium Bild & Forsch, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dynamitron Tandem Lab, Gesell Scherionen Forsch mbH ID HEAVY-QUARK; SPECTROSCOPY; MESONS AB The surprising discovery by the BABAR Collaboration of a narrow state with a mass of 2317 MeV decaying to D(s)pi(0) has been followed by other spectroscopic revelations. We focus on the BABAR results for the second state, at 2458 MeV, but mention related work from other experiments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cahn, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0197-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 717 BP 394 EP 399 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BAY49 UT WOS:000224222600068 ER PT S AU Page, PR AF Page, PR BE Klempt, E Koch, H Orht, H TI The isotensor pentaquark SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 06, 2003 CL Aschaffenburg, GERMANY SP Bayrisches Staatsministerium Wissensch, Forsch & Kunst, Bundesministerium Bild & Forsch, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dynamitron Tandem Lab, Gesell Scherionen Forsch mbH AB Further consequences of the 1540 MeV Theta(+) resonance as an isotensor pentaquark beyond Capstick et al. [1] are explored. It is argued that the SAPHIR data may not currently exclude the existence of the charged partner Theta(++). The usual prediction of the dominance of non-resonant Theta(+)K, and Theta(+)K*, final states in photoproduction on the proton is argued not to obtain for an isotensor Theta(+). This enhances the importance of excited baryon final states, where the excited baryon decays to Theta(+)K or Theta(+)K*; as well as the non-resonant Theta(+)Kpi final state. The small width of the recently discovered Xi(--) cascade resonance to Xi(-)pi(-) is easier to explain if Theta(+) is an isotensor pentaquark than if it is in the DO representation, due to both an isospin and U-spin selection rule. A new production diagram for Theta(+) in the photoproduction on the deuteron is suggested. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0197-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 717 BP 436 EP 440 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BAY49 UT WOS:000224222600076 ER PT S AU Vo, DT Russo, PA AF Vo, DT Russo, PA BE Franks, LA Burger, A James, RB Hink, PL TI Plutonium and uranium isotopic analysis in the X-ray region with CdTe detector - (LA-UR-03-4730) SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics V CY AUG 04-05, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CdTe; non-cryogenic; isotopic analysis; plutonium; uranium ID PC/FRAM AB We demonstrated the wide-range isotopic analysis of plutonium with a portable Peltier cooled CdTe detector in late 2000. These were the first results of this kind for a non-cryogenic detector. The energies used in those early analyses were in the range 125-414 keV. We have since extended the analysis into the X-ray region where the gamma rays are many times more intense than in the higher energy region. We describe the plutonium and uranium analysis of CdTe spectra in the X-ray region. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vo, DT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E540,NIS-5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5071-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5198 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1117/12.506402 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY56K UT WOS:000189409400023 ER PT S AU Wright, GW Camarda, G Kakuno, E Li, L Lu, F Lee, C Burger, A Trombka, J Siddons, P James, RB AF Wright, GW Camarda, G Kakuno, E Li, L Lu, F Lee, C Burger, A Trombka, J Siddons, P James, RB BE Franks, LA Burger, A James, RB Hink, PL TI Effects of surface roughness on large-volume CdZnTe nuclear radiation detectors and removal of surface damage by chemical etching SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics V CY AUG 04-05, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID CD1-XZNXTE CRYSTALS; PERFORMANCE; ETCHANTS AB This study investigates the effectiveness of chemical etchants to remove surface damage caused by mechanical polishing during the fabrication of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT) nuclear radiation detectors. We evaluate different planar CZT devices fabricated from the same CZT crystals. All detectors used electroless Au for the metal contacts. Different polishing particle sizes ranging from 22.1-mum SiC to 0.05-mum alumina were used, which caused different degrees of surface roughness. Current-voltage measurements and detector testing were used to characterize the effects of surface roughness and etching on the material and detector properties. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wright, GW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5071-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5198 BP 306 EP 313 DI 10.1117/12.510180 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY56K UT WOS:000189409400037 ER PT S AU Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Carini, GA Wright, GW McGregor, DS McNeil, W James, RB AF Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Carini, GA Wright, GW McGregor, DS McNeil, W James, RB BE Burger, A James, RB Franks, LA TI New results from performance studies of Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics VI CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; Frisch-grid; gamma-ray detectors ID SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTOR AB New data regarding performance studies of Frisch-grid CdZnTe (CZT) detectors are presented. The Frisch-grid detector configuration under investigation is a bar shaped CZT crystal with the side surfaces coated with an insulating layer. A Frisch grid is fashioned by inserting the CZT bar into a metallic sleeve, or by depositing the metal directly upon the insulator; hence the semiconductor material does not come in contact with the metal grid. The simple design operates well as a single-carrier-sensitive device. Despite the simplicity of this device, its performance depends on the balanced combinations of several factors, including the bulk and surface conductivity, PT product, and geometrical aspect ratio. Described are several effects that determine charge collection in such drift devices and, consequently, the performance of the non-contacting Frisch-grid configuration. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5478-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5540 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.563393 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ20 UT WOS:000225746600004 ER PT S AU Camarda, GS Carini, G Zhong, Z Siddons, DP Bolotnikov, AE Wright, GW James, RB AF Camarda, GS Carini, G Zhong, Z Siddons, DP Bolotnikov, AE Wright, GW James, RB BE Burger, A James, RB Franks, LA TI Study of growth defects in CZT and their influence on detector uniformity SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics VI CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE CZT; X-ray detectors; topography; NSLS; inclusions; XDT; rocking curve ID RADIATION AB The main problems involved in applying Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) to detectors are the crystal perfection required and the difficulty in making reliable surface electrical contacts to the material. Our efforts have focused on the development of interconnect techniques and testing methods which will allow us to explore the interaction of defects with detector properties. Local stoichiometry variations and other local disordering make it very hard to find a systematic correlation between performance and material defects in the macroscopic scale. In order to understand the factors limiting the energy resolution of CZT detectors, our efforts were directed to the area of material characterization and detector testing using the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). NSLS provides us with a highly collimated high intensity X-ray beam, which is employed to investigate micron-scale detector performance mapping and the correlation between microscopic defects and fluctuations in collected charge. Some results were already published and more are presented and correlated to X-ray diffraction topography (XDT) measurements. XDT at the beamline X17B1 is used to investigate more systematically the origins of the mosaicity that can give us information about the defect distribution and strains in bulk CZT crystals. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Camarda, GS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5478-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5540 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1117/12.562813 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ20 UT WOS:000225746600005 ER PT S AU Carini, GA Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Wright, GW De Geronimo, G Siddons, DP James, RB AF Carini, GA Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Wright, GW De Geronimo, G Siddons, DP James, RB BE Burger, A James, RB Franks, LA TI Characterization of coplanar grid CZT detectors with highly collimated X-ray beam SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics VI CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; gamma-ray detectors; coplanar-grid devices; micron-scale characterization; synchrotron radiation ID ENERGY RESOLUTION; CDZNTE DETECTORS; ELECTRODES AB CdZnTe detectors demonstrated great potentials for detection of gamma radiation. However, energy resolution of CdZnTe detectors is significantly affected by uncollected holes which have low mobility and short lifetime. To overcome this deleterious effects upon energy resolution special detector designs have to be implemented. The most practical of them are the small pixel effect device, the co-planar grid device, and the virtual Frisch-grid device. We routinely use a highly collimated high-intensity X-ray beams provided by National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory to study of CdZnTe material and performances of the different types of devices on the micron-scale. This powerful tool allows us to evaluate electronic properties of the material, device performance, uniformity of the detector responses, effects related to the device's contact pattern and electric field distribution, etc. In particular, in this paper we present new results obtained from the performance studies of 15 x 15 x 7.5 mm(3) coplanar-grid devices coupled to readout ASIC. We observed the effect of the strip contacts comprising the grids on the energy resolution of the coplanar-grid device. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carini, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5478-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5540 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.565012 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ20 UT WOS:000225746600006 ER PT S AU Boatner, LA Keefer, LA Farmer, JM Wisniewski, D Wojtowicz, A AF Boatner, LA Keefer, LA Farmer, JM Wisniewski, D Wojtowicz, A BE Burger, A James, RB Franks, LA TI Cerium-activated rare-earth orthophosphate and double phosphate scintillators for X- and gamma-ray detection SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics VI CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE rare-earth scintillators; gamma-ray detectors; X-ray detectors; rare-earth phosphates ID DOPED LUTETIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; VUV SCINTILLATION; THERMOCHEMISTRY; LUPO4-ND AB When activated with an appropriate rare-earth ion (e.g., Ce or Nd), rare-earth orthophosphates of the form REPO4 (where RE = a rare-earth cation) and alkali rare-earth double phosphates of the form A(3)RE(PO4)(2) (where A = K, Rb, or Cs) are characterized by light yields and decay times that make these materials of interest for radiation-detection applications. Crystals of the compound Rb3Lu(PO4)(2) when activated with similar to0.1 mol % Ce exhibit a light yield that is similar to250% that of BGO with a decay time on the order of similar to40 nsec. The cerium-activated rare-earth orthophosphate LuPO4:Ce is also characterized by a high light yield and a relatively fast decay time of similar to25 nsec. Additionally, the rare-earth orthophosphates are extremely chemically, physically, and thermally durable hosts that recover easily from radiation damage effects. The properties of the rare-earth orthophosphates and double phosphates that pertain to their use as X- and gamma-ray detectors are reviewed. This review includes information related to the use of Nd-doped LuPO4 as a scintillator with a sufficiently energetic, short-wavelength output ( gimel=90 nm) so that it can be used in conjunction with appropriately activated proportional counters. Information is presented on the details of the synthesis, structure, and luminescence properties of lanthanide double phosphates that, when activated with cerium, are efficient scintillators with output wavelengths that are sufficiently long to be well matched to the response of silicon photodiode detectors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Boatner, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5478-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5540 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.562220 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ20 UT WOS:000225746600008 ER PT S AU Hoover, AS Baird, W Kippen, RM Rawool-Sullivan, MW Sullivan, JP AF Hoover, AS Baird, W Kippen, RM Rawool-Sullivan, MW Sullivan, JP BE Burger, A James, RB Franks, LA TI A Compton imaging device for radioactive material detection SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics VI CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE Compton; imaging; radioactive; material; simulations ID GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; RECONSTRUCTION AB The most serious terrorist threat we face today may come from radiological dispersion devices and unsecured nuclear weapons. It is imperative for national security that we develop and implement radiation detection technology capable of locating and tracking nuclear material moving across and within our borders. Many radionuclides emit gamma rays in the 0.2 - 3 MeV range. Unfortunately, current gamma ray detection technology is inadequate for providing precise and efficient measurements of localized radioactive sources. Common detectors available today suffer from large background rates and have only minimal ability to localize the position of the source without the use of mechanical collimators, which reduces efficiency. Imaging detectors using the Compton scattering process have the potential to provide greatly improved sensitivity through their ability to reject off-source background. We are developing a prototype device to demonstrate the Compton imaging technology. The detector consists of several layers of pixelated silicon detectors followed by an array of CsI crystals coupled to photodiodes. Here we present the concept of our detector design and results from Monte Carlo simulations of our prototype detector. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5478-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5540 BP 124 EP 134 DI 10.1117/12.562558 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ20 UT WOS:000225746600013 ER PT S AU Friedrich, S Terracol, SF Miyazaki, T Drury, OB Ali, ZA Cunningham, MF Niedermayr, TR Barbee, TW Batteux, JD Labov, SE AF Friedrich, S Terracol, SF Miyazaki, T Drury, OB Ali, ZA Cunningham, MF Niedermayr, TR Barbee, TW Batteux, JD Labov, SE BE Burger, A James, RB Franks, LA TI Design of a multi-channel ultra-high resolution superconducting Gamma-ray spectrometer SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics VI CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE microcalorimeters; Mo/Cu multilayers; detector arrays; Gamma spectroscopy; nuclear non-proliferation ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; X-RAY; ENERGY RESOLUTION; THERMAL DETECTORS; RESPONSE-TIME; MICROCALORIMETER; ARRAYS; MULTIPLEXER; PERFORMANCE; FEEDBACK AB Superconducting Gamma-ray microcalorimeters operated at temperatures around similar to0.1 K offer an order of magnitude improvement in energy resolution over conventional high-purity Germanium spectrometers. The calorimeters consist of a similar to1 mm(3) superconducting or insulating absorber and a sensitive thermistor, which are weakly coupled to a cold bath. Gamma-ray capture increases the absorber temperature in proportion to the Gamma-ray energy, this is measured by the thermistor, and both subsequently cool back down to the base temperature through the weak link. We are developing ultra-high-resolution Gamma-ray spectrometers based on Sri absorbers and superconducting Mo/Cu multilayer thermistors for nuclear non-proliferation applications. They have achieved an energy resolution between 60 and 90 eV for Gamma-rays up to 100 keV. We also build two-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators for user-friendly detector operation at 0.1 K. We present recent results on the performance of single pixel Gamma-ray spectrometers, and discuss the design of a large detector array for increased sensitivity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Friedrich, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, L-270, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Miyazaki, Toshiyuki/L-6587-2015 OI Miyazaki, Toshiyuki/0000-0002-1727-7562 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5478-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5540 BP 156 EP 164 DI 10.1117/12.563624 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ20 UT WOS:000225746600016 ER PT S AU Bolotnikov, AE Austin, R Bolozdynya, A Richards, J AF Bolotnikov, AE Austin, R Bolozdynya, A Richards, J BE Burger, A James, RB Franks, LA TI Virtual Frisch-grid ionization chambers filled with high-pressure Xe SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics VI CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE gamma rays; high-pressure xenon; ionization chamber; virtual Frisch-grid ID ENERGY RESOLUTION; XENON; COLLECTION; CHARGE AB New approaches to the design of high-pressure Xe (HPXe) ionization chambers are described. HPXe ionization chambers represent a well-known technique for detecting gamma rays in the energy range between 50 keV and 3 MeV. Since the HPXe detector is an electron-only carrier device, its commonly accepted design includes a Frisch-grid - a metal mesh employed for the electrostatic shielding from the slowly drifting positive ions. The grid is a key element of the device's design which enables good energy resolution of the detector, typically 2-3% FWHM at 662 keV. However, the grid makes the design more complex and less rugged, especially for the field applications. Recently, we developed several designs of HPXe ionization chambers without shielding grids. The results obtained from the testing of these devices are presented here. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5478-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5540 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.564432 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ20 UT WOS:000225746600023 ER PT S AU Ziock, KP AF Ziock, KP BE Burger, A James, RB Franks, LA TI Scintillation imaging: A technique to reduce coding noise in scanned, coded-aperture imagers SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics VI CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE x-ray astronomy; gamma-ray astronomy; coded aperture imaging; EXIST ID UNIFORMLY REDUNDANT ARRAYS; X-RAY; CAMERAS AB Coded aperture imagers provide the optimum means to generate an all-sky survey at gamma-ray energies from 10's of keV to a few MeV. Unfortunately, such imagers are plagued by systematic noise that limits their dynamic range. In particular, spatial gradients in the background radiation across the detector and imperfectly coded signals from strong point sources in the field of view add artifacts to the images. Although theoretical signal-to-noise ratios of order 10(4) are possible in perfectly coded images, real-world effects have limited performance of past imagers to significantly less than that. One technique to help remove these aberrations is the use of sequential exposures with a mask and it's inverse. However, for large instruments this is an impractical solution. In addition, it does not apply for scenes with rapidly varying sources. In a scanning instrument, one solution to this problem is to interleave the mask and anti-mask patterns in a single aperture in the direction of scan. A true source will oscillate between positive and negative images (i.e. scintillate) while spatially varying backgrounds are significantly suppressed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5478-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5540 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1117/12.580609 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BBJ20 UT WOS:000225746600024 ER PT S AU Wait, JR Park, G Sohn, H Farrar, CR AF Wait, JR Park, G Sohn, H Farrar, CR BE Kundu, T TI Plate damage identification using wave propagation and impedance methods SO HEALTH MONITORING AND SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring and Smart Nondestructive Evaluation of Structural and Biological Systems III CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE damage detection; structural health monitoring; piezoelectric (PZT) materials; Lamb waves; impedance method; active sensing systems AB This paper illustrates an integrated approach for identifying structural damage in an aluminum plate. Piezoelectric (PZT) materials are used to actuate/sense the dynamic response of the structure. Two damage identification techniques are integrated in this study, including Lamb wave propagations and impedance methods. In Lamb wave propagations, one PZT launches an elastic wave through the structure, and responses are measured by an array of PZT sensors. The changes in both wave attenuation and reflection are used to detect and locate the damage. The impedance method monitors the variations in structural mechanical impedance, which is coupled with the electrical impedance of the PZT. Both methods operate in high frequency ranges at which there are measurable changes in structural responses even for incipient damage such as small cracks or loose connections. This paper summarizes two methods used for damage identification, experimental procedures, and additional issues that can be used as a guideline for future investigations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wait, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5311-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5394 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1117/12.540071 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAS11 UT WOS:000223343600006 ER PT J AU Moussa, HM Eckerman, KF Townsend, LW AF Moussa, HM Eckerman, KF Townsend, LW TI Electron absorbed fractions based on a new model of the anterior nasal passage SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; inhalation; electrons; biokinetics ID DEPOSITION; AIRWAYS; HUMANS; NOSE AB In a previous work we reported that the fraction of the electron energy absorbed in the basal cell layer of the anterior nasal passages was not very sensitive to changes in the surface area or radius of the cylindrical model adopted in Publication 66 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. These absorbed fraction data are used in calculation of the dose to a 10-mum-thick basal cell layer located at a depth of 40 mum in the epithelial cell layer of the extrathoracic (ET1) region. However, these data may only be applicable to the assumed cylindrical geometry and may not be valid for more realistic ET1 geometries. The nose differs in size and shape from one person to another, its shape is not cylindrical but closer to a truncated elliptical cone, and in most humans the nostrils are elliptical in shape. We propose herein a more realistic geometry model, the frustum of a cone, for the anterior nose region (ET1) as an alternative to the cylinder model provided in ICRP 66. The results of absorbed fraction calculations using MCNP4B with the new model are reported. These absorbed fractions are compared to the values previously obtained using the MCNP4B code and a cylindrical model (10 cm(2) surface area). We also investigate the effects of changing the size of the truncated cone to represent variations due to sex and age. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Radiol Safety Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Moussa, HM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, 211 Pasqua Nucl Engn,1004 Estabrook Rd, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hmoussa@utk.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1097/00004032-200401000-00005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 755JH UT WOS:000187399400005 PM 14695005 ER PT J AU Xiao, SD Zhu, SJ Yang, LM Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Zhang, Z Jiang, Z Chen, XL AF Xiao, SD Zhu, SJ Yang, LM Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Zhang, Z Jiang, Z Chen, XL TI High-spin states and negative parity levels in neutron-rich Cd-116,Cd-118,Cd-120 nuclei SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article DE high-spin state; band-crossing; negative parity level ID BAND STRUCTURES; ISOTOPES; CD-112 AB High spin states in neutron-rich Cd-116,Cd-118,Cd-120 nuclei have been investigated by observing high-fold prompt gamma-ray coincidence events from the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 with the Gammasphere detector array. The yrast bands have been extended with spin up to 18 h in Cd-118 and 16 h in Cd-116,Cd-120 respectively. The band structures are calculated using the cranked shell model and possible origination for the backbends in the yrast bands is discussed. Proposed 5(-) and 7(-) levels are observed in each of these cadmium isotopes, and possible explanation for the negative states is discussed based on systematic comparison. A quasi-rotational band based on 7(-) level in Cd-118 has been established. C1 Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM zhushj@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn RI Jiang, Zhuo/E-3110-2010 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 769LJ UT WOS:000188651300007 ER PT S AU Torres, DF Romero, GE Dame, TM Combi, JA Butt, YM AF Torres, DF Romero, GE Dame, TM Combi, JA Butt, YM TI Did EGRET detect distant supernova remnants? SO HIGH-ENERGY STUDIES OF SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AND NEUTRON STARS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Energy Studies of Supernova Remnants and Neutron Stars CY OCT, 2002 CL Houston, TX SP COSPAR Sci Commiss E, SRON DE supernova remnants; EGRET; gamma ray source ID GAMMA-RAY SOURCES; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; GALACTIC PLANE; 3EG J2016+3657; X-RAY; EMISSION; GALAXY; CATALOG; REGIONS; BLAZAR AB It might be thought that supernova remnants (SNRs) more distant than a few kiloparsec from Earth could not have been detected by the high-energy gamma-ray experiment EGRET on board of NASA's Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. This work analyzes the observational status of this statement in the light of new CO studies of SNRs. (C) 2004 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Inst Argentino Radioastron, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Torres, DF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dtorres@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 450 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.07.031 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAD21 UT WOS:000221641800016 ER PT S AU Carter, J Borrill, J Oliker, L AF Carter, J Borrill, J Oliker, L BE Bouge, L Prasanna, VK TI Performance characteristics of a cosmology package on leading HPC architectures SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING - HIPC 2004 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on High Performance Computing CY DEC 19-22, 2004 CL Bangalore, INDIA AB The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is a snapshot of the Universe some 400,000 years after the Big Bang. The pattern of anisotropies in the CMB carries a wealth of information about the fundamental parameters of cosmology. Extracting this information is an extremely computationally expensive endeavor, requiring massively parallel computers and software packages capable of exploiting them. One such package is the Microwave Anisotropy Dataset Computational Analysis Package (MADCAP) which has been used to analyze data from a number of CMB experiments. In this work, we compare MADCAP performance on the vector-based Earth Simulator (ES) and Cray X1 architectures and two leading superscalar systems, the IBM Power3 and Power4. Our results highlight the complex interplay between the problem size, architectural paradigm, interconnect, and vendor-supplied numerical libraries, while isolating the I/O filesystem as the key bottleneck across all the platforms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carter, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jtcarter@lbl.gov; jdborrill@lbl.gov; loliker@lbl.gov OI Carter, Jonathan/0000-0001-9006-7636 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-24129-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3296 BP 176 EP 188 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBR39 UT WOS:000227355800017 ER PT S AU Krishnamoorthy, S Baumgartner, G Lam, CC Nieplocha, J Sadayappan, P AF Krishnamoorthy, S Baumgartner, G Lam, CC Nieplocha, J Sadayappan, P BE Bouge, L Prasanna, VK TI Efficient layout transformation for disk-based multidimensional arrays SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING - HIPC 2004 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on High Performance Computing CY DEC 19-22, 2004 CL Bangalore, INDIA ID PROGRAMMING-MODEL; GLOBAL ARRAYS; MEMORY; COMPUTERS AB I/O libraries such as PANDA and DRA use blocked layouts for efficient access to disk-resident multi-dimensional arrays, with the shape of the blocks being chosen to match the expected access pattern of the array. Sometimes, different applications, or different phases of the same application, have very different access patterns for an array. In such situations, an array's blocked layout representation must be transformed for efficient access. In this paper, we describe a new approach to solve the layout transformation problem and demonstrate its effectiveness in the context of the Disk Resident Arrays (DRA) library. The approach handles reblocking and permutation of dimensions. Results are provided that demonstrate the performance benefit as compared to currently available mechanisms. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM krishnsr@cse.ohio-state.edu; gb@csc.lsu.edu; clam@cse.ohio-state.edu; jarek.nieplocha@pnl.gov; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-24129-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3296 BP 386 EP 398 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBR39 UT WOS:000227355800036 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Kireev, V Takiguchi, Y Braiman, Y AF Liu, Y Kireev, V Takiguchi, Y Braiman, Y BE Zadiker, MS TI Broad-area laser array synchronization using external cavity SO HIGH-POWER DIODE LASER TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Diode Laser Technology and Applications II CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor laser; laser array; broad area laser; locking; high power; external cavity; optical feedback; grating; lens array ID PHASE-LOCKING; INJECTION LOCKING; DIODE-ARRAY AB We present experimental results on the locking of a 19-broad-area semiconductor laser array using a novel design of external cavity containing a lens array, projection optics, and a diffractive grating. All lasers are locked to single longitudinal mode. Significant improvement of the spatial profile of the entire laser array output beam has been observed. The center lobe of the far-field pattern of the laser array shows a single wavelength which can be tuned over a range more than 10 nm. The proposed technology can be applied to larger arrays including the stacked arrays. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5244-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5336 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.528077 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAJ83 UT WOS:000222604000002 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Kireev, V Braiman, Y AF Liu, Y Kireev, V Braiman, Y BE Zadiker, MS TI Frequency locking and synchronization of nanosecond pulsed broad-area lasers SO HIGH-POWER DIODE LASER TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Diode Laser Technology and Applications II CY JAN 26-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor laser; broad area laser; synchronization; nanosecond pulse; frequency locking; wavelength tunable; high power; external cavity; optical feedback ID DIODE-LASER; EXTERNAL-CAVITY; INJECTION LOCKING; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; ARRAY; OPERATION; LINEWIDTH; AMPLIFIER; FEEDBACK; BEAM AB Pulsed lasers with pulse durations of nanosecond to millisecond are very important tools for free-space optical communication, LADAR, laser material processing, and optical sensing. Although Q-switched solid-state lasers or gas lasers are currently the most popular light sources for these purposes, pulsed semiconductor lasers have the potential for the above applications because of their compactness, accessibility of direct modulation, and inherently large electrical to optical conversion efficiency. The drawbacks with high-power semiconductor lasers are their poor beam quality and low coherence factors. This work addresses the above issues through experimental demonstration of frequency locking, wavelength tuning, and synchronization of nanosecond pulsed broad-area semiconductor lasers. Nanosecond optical pulses with the peak power of 25 W and the repetition rates of 4 KHz to 240 KHz are generated from a broad-area laser. An external cavity with a diffractive grating is used to reduce the linewidth of the laser from over 5 nm to less than 0.1 nm. The wavelength of the pulsed laser is tunable over more than 10 nm. We have conducted injection locking of a nanosecond pulsed broad-area laser with optical injection from a frequency-locked master laser. Successful injection locking strongly support the feasibility of synchronization and beam combination of pulsed broad-area lasers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5244-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5336 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.528072 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BAJ83 UT WOS:000222604000004 ER PT S AU Krupke, WF Beach, RJ Kanz, VK Payne, SA Early, JT AF Krupke, WF Beach, RJ Kanz, VK Payne, SA Early, JT BE Phipps, CR TI New class of cw high-power diode-pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE diode; pumping; alkali; rubidium; cesium; potassium; vapor; laser ID RUBIDIUM; ATOMS AB The new class of diode-pumped alkali vapor lasers (DPALs) offers high efficiency cw laser radiation at near-infrared wavelengths: cesium 895 nm, rubidium 795 run, and potassium 770 nm. The working physical principles of DPALs will be presented. Initial 795 run Rb and 895 rim Cs laser experiments performed using a titanium sapphire laser as a surrogate pump source demonstrated DPAL slope power conversion efficiencies in the 50-70% range, in excellent agreement with device models utilizing only literature spectroscopic and kinetic data. Using these benchmarked models for Rb and Cs, optimized DPALs with optical-optical efficiencies >60%, and electrical efficiencies of 25-30% are projected. DPAL device architectures for near-diffraction-limited power scaling into the high kilowatt power regime from a single aperture will be described. DPAL wavelengths of operation offer ideal matches to silicon and gallium arsenide based photovoltaic power conversion cells for efficient power beaming. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Krupke, WF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.547954 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600002 ER PT S AU McGrane, SD Moore, DS Funk, DJ AF McGrane, SD Moore, DS Funk, DJ BE Phipps, CR TI Ultrafast spectroscopy and interferometry of laser shocked thin films: practical considerations SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE shock; femtosecond; shaped pulse; rarefaction; interferometry; confined ablation; thin films AB Shaped femtosecond laser driven shock waves fulfill the requisite time resolution required for following shock induced chemical kinetics, and enable very small scale shock physics experimentation. However, comparison to large scale experiments requires detailed characterization of the generated pressure profile. Spectroscopic studies at pressure and temperature are hindered by fluctuations in shock strength as functions of space and time. Representative time resolved broadband infrared absorption data on shocked polyvinyl nitrate thin films are presented, followed by current efforts to alleviate spatial shock strength variations with spatial pulse shaping, and calculations of the interferometric phase shifts expected at long times, during the rarefaction. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGrane, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, DX-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.547966 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600017 ER PT S AU Clarke, SA Rodriguez, G Taylor, AJ Forsman, A AF Clarke, SA Rodriguez, G Taylor, AJ Forsman, A BE Phipps, CR TI Interferometric diagnostic suite for ultrafast laser ablation of metals SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE interferometry; Hartmann-Shack; plasma expansion; hydrodynamics; ultrafast lasers ID PLASMAS; PHASE; PULSES AB We report on the development of a suite of novel techniques to measure important characteristics in intense ultrashort laser solid target experiments such as critical surface displacement, ablation depth, and plasma characteristics. Measurement of these important characteristics on an ultrafast (similar to50 fs) time scale is important in understanding the primary event mechanisms in laser ablation of metal targets. Unlike traditional methods that infer these characteristics from spectral power shifts, phase shifts in frequency domain interferometry (FDI) or laser breakthrough studies of multiple shots on bulk materials, these techniques directly measure these characteristics from a single ultrafast heating pulse. These techniques are based on absolute displacement interferometry and nanotopographic applications of wavefront sensors. By applying all these femtosecond time-resolved techniques to a range of materials (Al, Au.. and Au on plastic) over a range of pulse energies (10(11) to 10(16) W/cm(2)) and pulse durations (50 to 700 fs), greater insight into the ablation mechanism and its pulse parameter dependencies can be determined. Comparison of these results with hydrocode software programs also reveals the applicability of hydrocode models. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clarke, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1117/12.547192 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600018 ER PT S AU Funk, DJ Moorea, DS McGrane, SD Reho, JH Rabie, RL AF Funk, DJ Moorea, DS McGrane, SD Reho, JH Rabie, RL BE Phipps, CR TI Time resolved ultrafast spatial interferometric analysis of femtosecond laser-metal interactions SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE electron-phonon coupling; femtosecond lasers; shock wave; interferometry; phase changes; gold; gallium; aluminum ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIQUID-METALS; ELECTRON; EXCITATION; GALLIUM; FILMS AB We have used two-dimensional ultrafast microscopic interferometry to observe the hydrodynamic motion and the time dependent changes in the optical properties of two metals (6061-T6 aluminum and ASTM 336 1018 steel) illuminated with 130 fs 800 nm laser pulses. We have also observed the electron dynamics in optically excited aluminum, gallium, and gold at a metal-glass interface using the same technique. The interferometric technique allows construction of the two-dimensional spatial profile for laser pumped materials with a temporal resolution of < 300 fs and out-of-plane spatial resolution of 0.5 nm using 130 fs probe pulses. Best fits to the diamond turned aluminum data were obtained by assuming physically motivated functional forms for the expected hydrodynamic motion and the time-dependent complex index of refraction. Extraction of changes in the index of refraction provides evidence for melting in the gold targets. These experiments offer a new path for the observation of phase changes and/or for temperature measurements in shocked or laser excited materials, by allowing a determination of the complex index under dynamic conditions and comparing the measured values to those obtained under static conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Funk, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 182 EP 192 DI 10.1117/12.548511 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600019 ER PT S AU Early, JT Bibeau, C Phipps, C AF Early, JT Bibeau, C Phipps, C BE Phipps, CR TI Space debris de-orbiting by vaporization impulse using short pulse laser SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE debris; laser; short pulse; mercury; fusion ID ABLATION; COMPRESSION; TEMPERATURE; DIELECTRICS; GRATINGS AB Space debris constitutes a significant hazard to low earth orbit satellites and particularly to manned spacecraft. A quite small velocity decrease from vaporization impulses is enough to lower the perigee of the debris sufficiently for atmospheric drag to de-orbit the debris. A short pulse (picosecond) laser version of the Orion concept can accomplish this task in several years of operation. The "Mercury" short pulse Yb:S-FAP laser being developed at LLNL for laser fusion is appropriate for this task. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Early, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 441 EP 449 DI 10.1117/12.548832 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600044 ER PT S AU Toth, C van Tilborg, J Geddes, CGR Fubiani, G Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Faure, J Dugan, G Leemans, WP AF Toth, C van Tilborg, J Geddes, CGR Fubiani, G Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Faure, J Dugan, G Leemans, WP BE Phipps, CR TI Powerful, pulsed, THz radiation from laser accelerated relativistic electron bunches SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE ultrahigh-fields; ultra-short; laser-plasma; wakefield; electron-acceleration; THz-emission; transition radiation ID COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; PLASMA CHANNELS; GENERATION; BEAM; BREAKING AB Coherent THz radiation was produced from relativistic electron bunches of subpicosecond duration. The electron beam was produced by strongly focused (approximate to 6 pm), high peak power (up to 10 TW), ultra-short (greater than or equal to 50 fs) laser pulses of a 10 Hz repetition rate Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplification (CPA) laser system via self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration (SM-LWFA) in a high density (> 10(19) CM-3) pulsed gas jet. As the electrons exit the plasma, coherent transition radiation is generated at the plasma-vacuum boundary for wavelengths long compared to the bunch length. Radiation yield in the 0.3 to 19 THz range and at 94 GHz has been measured and found to depend quadratically on the bunch charge. The measured total radiated energy in the THz range for two different collection angles is in good agreement with theory. Modeling indicates that optimization of this table-top source could provide more than 100 muJ/pulse. Together with intrinsic synchronization to the laser pulse, this will enable numerous applications requiring intense terahertz radiation. This radiation can also be applied as a useful tool for measuring the properties of laser accelerated bunches at the exit of the plasma accelerator. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Toth, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 491 EP 504 DI 10.1117/12.548945 PN 1-2 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600049 ER PT S AU Joly, AG Hess, WP Beck, KM AF Joly, AG Hess, WP Beck, KM BE Phipps, CR TI Time-resolved femtosecond laser desorption from alkali halide crystals SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE laser desorption; femtosecond time-resolved; ionic crystals; ultrafast ID FLUORIDE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; POSITIVE-ION EMISSION; ELECTRON-HOLE PAIRS; SURFACE; MGO; SUBPICOSECOND; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; EXCITATION; EXCITONS AB The positive ion yield as a function of delay between ultraviolet femtosecond pulse pairs for four alkali halide single crystals has been measured. Two-pulse correlation allows direct observation of solid state and surface dynamics on an ultrafast timescale. The ion yield from 265 nm irradiated NaBr, KCl, KBr, and KI depends critically on the time delay between the two sub-threshold pulses. Following irradiation of single crystal NaBr and KCl, the positive ion desorption yield displays three distinct features; a coherence peak, followed by rise, and decay features. In contrast, the yield of K+ from KBr displays only the coherence peak and picosecond decay features while the yield from KI shows only the coherence feature. The data suggest that although the nanosecond ion desorption mechanism may be dominated by defect photoabsorption, significant electron-hole pair production may contribute to the desorption mechanism following femtosecond excitation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Joly, AG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 532 EP 537 DI 10.1117/12.548004 PN 1-2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600052 ER PT S AU Palmer, JA McDaniel, KL Harris, MF Lumia, R Griffith, ML AF Palmer, JA McDaniel, KL Harris, MF Lumia, R Griffith, ML BE Phipps, CR TI The effects of varying substrate angle on feature quality femotsecond laser abalation of ferrous alloys SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE ablation; accuracy; angle; femtosecond laser; kovar; precision; stainless steel ID PRECISION; ABLATION; PULSES; METALS AB This paper presents the results of an experimental study to establish process parameters for repeatable, high quality ablated features in ferrous substrates using a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser system. Initial trials with stainless steel substrates were conducted in ambient atmospheric conditions. Laser power and exposure parameters were varied, in addition to the angle of the substrate relative to the beam. Ablated holes were sectioned, and examined. Data was reduced according to the Taguchi/ANOVA method. The optimal process parameter set minimized the figures of merit for quality or accuracy of the ablated hole. In trials using pulsed ablations, high accuracy holes were associated with laser power greater than 600 mW, substrate angles of 30-45 degrees, and 1000 pulses. In the dwell experiments, high accuracy holes were achieved with a similar power level, and a 1-second dwell time. In contrast to the pulse results, a shallow substrate angle (30 degrees or less) yielded favorable results. In subsequent trials, kovar substrates were processed in a vacuum at constant fluence with a 1-second dwell time. A localized flow of nitrogen removed ablation products. Results were compared to those of the initial trial, leading to significant observations regarding the use of vacuum and secondary process gas. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Palmer, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0958, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM japalme@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 1028 EP 1038 DI 10.1117/12.546084 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600105 ER PT S AU Zeng, XZ Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE AF Zeng, XZ Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE BE Phipps, CR TI Ultraviolet femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation of silicon: ablation efficiency and laser-induced plasma expansion SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation V CY APR 25-30, 2004 CL Taos, NM SP SPIE, USAF Res Lab, Edwards Air Force Base, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE laser ablation; laser-induced plasma; shock wave; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ID FUSED-SILICA; ENERGY DEPOSITION; MASS REMOVAL; DIAGNOSTICS; CAVITIES; PULSES AB Femtosecond laser ablation of silicon in air was studied and compared with nanosecond laser ablation at ultraviolet wavelength (266 nm). Laser ablation efficiency was studied by measuring crater depth as a function of pulse number. For the same number of laser pulses, the fs-ablated crater was about two times deeper than the ns-crater. The temperature and electron number density of the pulsed laser-induced plasma were determined from spectroscopic measurements. The electron number density and temperature of fs-pulse plasmas decreased faster than ns-pulse plasmas due to different energy deposition mechanisms. Images of the laser-induced plasma were obtained with femtosecond time-resolved laser shadowgraph imaging. Plasma expansion in both the perpendicular and the lateral directions to the laser beam were compared for femtosecond and nanosecond laser ablation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5371-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5448 BP 1150 EP 1158 DI 10.1117/12.544401 PN 1-2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BBB22 UT WOS:000224486600118 ER PT J AU Babich, LP Bakhov, KI Balakin, VA Donskoi, EN Zavada, NI Zelenskii, KF Il'kaev, RI Kutsyk, M Loiko, TV Nedoikash, YM Pavlovskaya, NG Roussel-Dupre, RA Symbalisty, EMD Shamraev, BN AF Babich, LP Bakhov, KI Balakin, VA Donskoi, EN Zavada, NI Zelenskii, KF Il'kaev, RI Kutsyk, M Loiko, TV Nedoikash, YM Pavlovskaya, NG Roussel-Dupre, RA Symbalisty, EMD Shamraev, BN TI An experimental investigation of an avalanche of relativistic runaway electrons under normal conditions SO HIGH TEMPERATURE LA English DT Article ID TRANSIONOSPHERIC PULSE PAIRS; SPRITES94 AIRCRAFT CAMPAIGN; GAMMA-RAY FLASHES; AIR-BREAKDOWN; RED SPRITES; X-RAYS; THUNDERSTORM; BEAMS; SPECTROMETER; DISCHARGES AB The development of avalanches of relativistic runaway electrons is investigated in an experiment similar to the classical Townsend experiment, but in the relativistic energy region. A large-scale laboratory setup is developed with an operating voltage of up to 1.2 MV, which is a chamber with flat electrodes separated by a segmented insulator. A sensitive collector method of analyzing the spectra of high-energy electrons is developed, which is used in electron detectors with a large collecting surface. The multiplication of relativistic electrons in the air is investigated at voltages of up to 1.0 MV. The initial stage of a relativistic electron avalanche is realized for the first time. The results of measurements agree with the results of Monte Carlo simulation. C1 All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, VNIIEF, Sartov 607190, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Babich, LP (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, VNIIEF, Sartov 607190, Russia. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O KLUWER ACADEMIC-PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0018-151X J9 HIGH TEMP+ JI High Temp. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1023/B:HITE.0000020085.61526.40 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 815GE UT WOS:000221030000001 ER PT S AU Wright, IG Peraldi, R Pint, BA AF Wright, IG Peraldi, R Pint, BA GP trans tech publications BE Steinmetz, P Wright, IG Meier, G Galerie, A Pieraggi, B Podor, R TI Influence of aluminum depletion effects on the calculation of the oxidation lifetimes of FeCrAl alloys SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 6, PRT 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE SP Univ Henri Poincare, ORNL, EPRI, CEFRACOR, European Federat Corros DE oxidation; ODS FeCrAl alloys; lifetime models; concentration profiles ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SCALES AB The oxidation behavior of FeCrAl-based alloys at temperatures in the range 1000 to 1300degreesC can be well described in terms that are readily quantified and so may be used for predicting their oxidation-limited lifetimes. These alloys rapidly establish a scale that is exclusively alphaAl(2)O(3), which forms as a single, uniformly thick layer; when scale spallation occurs, the alumina layer is reformed with minimal formation of base-metal/transient oxide. This behavior is maintained until essentially all of the Al content of the alloy has been consumed, after which rapid ('breakaway') oxidation ensues. This well controlled oxidation behavior allows a straightforward approach for calculating oxidation lifetime by equating the total (available) alloy Al content with the rate of its consumption by oxidation. A simplifying assumption is that a flat Al depletion profile is maintained throughout, so that the minimum Al content at which breakaway occurs (C-Bb) is essentially zero. This paper presents experimental measurements Of C-Bb for different specimen shapes, and explores possible reasons for the apparent effects of specimen shape on oxidation lifetime. The above assumptions appear reasonable for disc-shaped specimens, and values Of C-Bb = 0.001 mass fraction were measured on specimens taken to failure. However, specimens of the same alloy with the same thickness (and/or same volume/surface area ratio) but different shapes were found to exhibit different oxidation lifetimes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Wright, IG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM wrightig@ornl.gov; wrightig@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-945-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 461-464 BP 579 EP 589 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAS03 UT WOS:000223339700070 ER PT S AU John, RC Pelton, AD Young, AL Thompson, WT Wright, IG AF John, RC Pelton, AD Young, AL Thompson, WT Wright, IG GP trans tech publications BE Steinmetz, P Wright, IG Meier, G Galerie, A Pieraggi, B Podor, R TI Predicting equipment lifetimes with high temperature corrosion data SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 6, PRT 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE SP Univ Henri Poincare, ORNL, EPRI, CEFRACOR, European Federat Corros DE ASSET; sulfidation; high-temperature corrosion predictions; corrosion data compilation; engineering lifetime predictions; weight change; parabolic rate constant AB This presentation summarizes the on-going development of an information system used to predict corrosion of metals and alloys by high temperature gases found in many different oil refining, petrochemical, power generation, and chemical processes. The databases currently represent about 13 million hours of exposure time for about 7,800 tests with 90 commercial alloys for a temperature range of 200 - 1,200degreesC. The data are the result of tests with well-defined conditions lasting thousands of hours. Oxidation has been emphasized with many exposures lasting several years of time. The corrosion data archived and the resulting corrosion predictions represent total metal penetration, which includes both surface recession and subsurface corrosion. The system manages corrosion data from well-defined exposures and determines corrosion product stabilities. Models used in the thermochemical predictions of corrosion product phase stabilities for all possible phases formed from combinations from the Fe-Ni-Cr-Co-C-O-S-N-H system have been compiled. Thermochemical data for all of the known phases based upon combinations of these elements have been analyzed to allow complete assessments of corrosion product stabilities. Use of these data allows prediction of corrosion product stabilities predicted to form at the scale/gas interface, which can then be used to infer the dominant corrosion mechanisms. Previous approaches, which have often used simplifying assumptions of pure and single component corrosion products, are no longer required. The stabilities of complex corrosion product phases or real alloys can now be calculated, assuming equilibrium. The system is used in corrosion research, alloy development, failure analysis, lifetime prediction, and selection of materials/alloys for equipment fabrication, equipment maintenance scheduling, and process operations evaluations. The corrosion mechanisms emphasized are oxidation, sulfidation, sulfidation/oxidation, carburization, and nitridation. The capabilities for managing corrosion data for Cl-2/HCl corrosion, metal dusting, and cyclic oxidation are under development. C1 Shell Global Solut US Inc, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Ecole Polytech, CRCT, Montreal, PQ H3R 1Z8, Canada. Humberside Solut Ltd, Toronto, ON M6N 4X7, Canada. Royal Mil Coll Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 5LO, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP John, RC (reprint author), Shell Global Solut US Inc, POB 1380, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM Randy.John@shell.com; Arthur.Pelton@mail.polymtl.c; arthuryoung@ieee.org; thompson-w@rmc.ca; wrightig@ornl.gov; wrightig@ornl.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-945-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 461-464 BP 599 EP 610 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAS03 UT WOS:000223339700072 ER PT S AU Hou, PY Paulikas, AP Veal, B AF Hou, PY Paulikas, AP Veal, B GP trans tech publications BE Steinmetz, P Wright, IG Meier, G Galerie, A Pieraggi, B Podor, R TI Growth strains and stress relaxation in alumina scales during high temperature oxidation SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 6, PRT 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE SP Univ Henri Poincare, ORNL, EPRI, CEFRACOR, European Federat Corros DE oxidation; Al(2)O(3); FeCrAl; FeAl; NiAl; reactive element; growth stress; X-ray; synchrotron radiation; Debye-Sherrer diffraction ID OXIDE SCALES; ALLOYS; FILMS; GENERATION; DEFLECTION; YTTRIUM; SULFUR; TEM AB A novel X-ray technique was used, exploiting synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, to investigate the growth stresses in alpha-Al(2)O(3). Insitu measurements of Debye-Scherrer diffraction patterns from the scale were recorded during oxidation and cooling, and the elliptical distortion of the diffraction rings was analyzed to yield the in-plane strain. Fe-28Al, Fe-40Al, Fe-40Al-0.2Hf, Fe-20Cr-10Al and Ni-50Al (at. %) were studied. Data were acquired in air at temperatures between 950-1100degreesC and during cool down. In all cases, the steady stage growth strain was relatively low (<0.1%) and was either tensile or compressive depending on the alloy. A higher tensile strain often existed during the initial oxidation period when transition alumina was present. Thermal stresses imposed on NiAl by reducing the sample temperature to 950degreesC for a period of time showed noticeable stress relaxation by creep. Different degrees of relaxation were also found during cooling depending on alloy composition and scale microstructure. On all Fe-based alloys, the first formed alpha-Al(2)O(3) was highly textured with the degree of texture decreasing with further oxidation. The relationships between stress development, scale wrinkling, oxide phase changes, and the effect of reactive element addition on growth stresses are discussed. Results are compared with other reports of growth stresses in Al(2)O(3) scales. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94530 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-62-203, Berkeley, CA 94530 USA. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-945-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 461-464 BP 671 EP 679 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAS03 UT WOS:000223339700080 ER PT S AU Pint, BA Wright, IG AF Pint, BA Wright, IG GP trans tech publications BE Steinmetz, P Wright, IG Meier, G Galerie, A Pieraggi, B Podor, R TI The oxidation behavior of Fe-Al alloys SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 6, PRT 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE SP Univ Henri Poincare, ORNL, EPRI, CEFRACOR, European Federat Corros DE stainless steel; gas turbines; recuperators; water vapor; alloy composition ID IRON-ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CYCLIC OXIDATION; FORMING ALLOYS; AL2O3 SCALES; PERFORMANCE; ADDITIONS; MODEL AB Iron-aluminum alloys range from intermetallics like FeAl and Fe3Al to ferritic Fe-Al and their oxidation behaviors vary significantly. The intermetallic phases have large coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) which results in scale spallation. Alloys below 24at.%Al are ferritic with much lower CTEs, comparable to FeCrAl, and show much better scale adhesion. Unlike the intermetallic phases which show maximum lifetime with Hf doping, ferritic alloys show longer lifetimes with Y additions. However, their lifetimes are limited because of their low Al content and relatively high critical Al content at breakaway oxidation of 10at.%. Modeling the lifetime of ferritic Fe-Al alloys is complicated by the presence of Al gradients which leads to unexpected failure behavior with respect to Al content and specimen thickness. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-945-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 461-464 BP 799 EP 806 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAS03 UT WOS:000223339700095 ER PT S AU Pint, BA Peraldi, R Maziasz, PJ AF Pint, BA Peraldi, R Maziasz, PJ GP trans tech publications BE Steinmetz, P Wright, IG Meier, G Galerie, A Pieraggi, B Podor, R TI The use of model alloys to develop corrosion-resistant stainless steels SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 6, PRT 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE SP Univ Henri Poincare, ORNL, EPRI, CEFRACOR, European Federat Corros DE stainless steel; gas turbines; recuperators; water vapor; alloy composition ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; IRON-CHROMIUM ALLOYS; WATER-VAPOR; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR AB The goal of this program is to develop a cost-competitive replacement for type 347 stainless steel with better high temperature corrosion and creep resistance. Several series of model alloys have been fabricated in order to better understand the role of alloy composition in resisting accelerated Corrosion attack due to the presence of water vapor. Alloys were tested at 650degrees-800degreesC for 500-5000h in air plus 10 vol.% water vapor. The first series examined Fe-Cr-Ni ternary alloys and found that increased Ni contents improved corrosion resistance, as did decreased grain size. A second series of Fe-16Cr alloys with minor alloy additions was produced to determine if any minor alloy additions might provide improved resistance similar to reactive element additions at higher temperatures. Beneficial effects were observed for additions of Mn, Si, TiB2 and NbC, but individual additions of Al, Ti, La and Y showed little benefit. A third series with austenitic alloys focused on Mn and Si additions to alloys with 16-20%Cr and 15-20%Ni. Alloys based on Fe-20Cr-20Ni showed the most promise from this testing. The final stage of alloy development will explore alloy additions and processing variations to improve the creep strength for this application. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 33 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-945-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 461-464 BP 815 EP 822 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAS03 UT WOS:000223339700097 ER PT S AU Tortorelli, PF Schneibel, JH More, KL Pint, BA AF Tortorelli, PF Schneibel, JH More, KL Pint, BA GP trans tech publications BE Steinmetz, P Wright, IG Meier, G Galerie, A Pieraggi, B Podor, R TI Oxidation-sulfidation behavior of multiphase Mo-Si-B alloys SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 6, PRT 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE SP Univ Henri Poincare, ORNL, EPRI, CEFRACOR, European Federat Corros DE oxidation; sulfidation; molybdenum silicides AB Alloys of Mo-Si-B with different compositions and phase morphologies were cyclically oxidized in dry air at 1200degreesC or isothermally exposed to an H-2-H2S-H2O-Ar environment at 800degreesC Effects of the multiphase nature (composition, morphology) of the Mo-Si-B system on corrosion product formation were evaluated. Preliminary analyses suggested that sulfide formation mimicked the starting alloy microstructure while reactions with oxygen as the sole oxidant reflected cooperative behavior among the different phases. Low corrosion rates under sulfidizing conditions were observed and moderate-to-good high-temperature oxidation resistance was found for certain cases. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tortorelli, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tortorellipf@ornl.gov; pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-945-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 461-464 BP 1063 EP 1070 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAS03 UT WOS:000223339700127 ER PT J AU Kelley, SS Rials, TG Groom, LR So, CL AF Kelley, SS Rials, TG Groom, LR So, CL TI Use of near infrared spectroscopy to predict the mechanical properties of six softwoods SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE mechanical properties; near infrared; NIR; softwoods ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; NIR-SPECTROSCOPY; WOOD PROPERTIES; NORWAY SPRUCE; PULP YIELD; CLASSIFICATION; SPECTRA; SAMPLES; DENSITY AB The visible and near infrared (NIR) (5002400 nm) spectra and mechanical properties of almost 1000 small clearwood samples from six softwood species: Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine), Pinus palustris, Mill. (longleaf pine), Pinus elliottii Engelm. (slash pine), Pinus echinata Mill. (shortleaf pine), Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws (ponderosa pine), and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas fir) were measured. Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) modeling showed that the NIR spectra of these softwoods could be used to predict the mechanical properties of the clearwood samples. The correlation coefficients for most of these models were greater than 0.80. All six softwood species were combined into one data set and a PLS model was constructed that effectively predicted the strength properties of any of the individual softwoods. Reducing the spectral range to between 650 and 1050 nm only causes a slight decrease in the quality of the models. Using this narrow spectral range enables the use of smaller, faster, lighter, less expensive spectrometers that could be used either in the field or for process control applications. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM steve_kelley@nrel.gov NR 30 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 252 EP 260 DI 10.1515/HF.2004.039 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 822BR UT WOS:000221509900007 ER PT J AU Frahm, N Yusim, K Hraber, P Adams, S Marincola, F Korber, B Brander, C AF Frahm, N Yusim, K Hraber, P Adams, S Marincola, F Korber, B Brander, C TI Extensive HLA class I binding promiscuity among EBV- and HIV-derived cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes SO HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 30th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Histocompatibility-and-Immunogenetics CY OCT 02-06, 2004 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Histocompatibil & Immunogenet C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Charlestown, MA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0198-8859 J9 HUM IMMUNOL JI Hum. Immunol. PY 2004 VL 65 SU 1 BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 861OC UT WOS:000224425300004 ER PT S AU Sopori, BL Zhang, Y Reedy, R Jones, KM Yan, Y Al-Jassim, MM Kalejs, J Bathey, B AF Sopori, BL Zhang, Y Reedy, R Jones, KM Yan, Y Al-Jassim, MM Kalejs, J Bathey, B BE Nickel, NH McCluskey, MD Zhang, S TI On the mechanism of hydrogen diffusion in Si solar cells using PECVD SiN : H SO HYDROGEN IN SEMICONDUCTORS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydrogen in Semiconductors CY APR 13-14, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SILICON-NITRIDE; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; DEFECTS AB A mechanism for transport and diffusion of H in a silicon solar cell by PECVD SiN:H process is proposed. Plasma-induced surface damage "stores" H during the nitride deposition, which is driven into the bulk of the solar cell during metal-contact firing. Theoretical and experimental results are given that verify this mechanism. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, BL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-763-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 813 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBB18 UT WOS:000224478900010 ER PT S AU Janotti, A AF Janotti, A BE Nickel, NH McCluskey, MD Zhang, S TI Hydrogen-nitrogen tailors semiconductor optoelectronics: The case of dilute nitride III-V alloys SO HYDROGEN IN SEMICONDUCTORS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydrogen in Semiconductors CY APR 13-14, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID QUASI-PARTICLE ENERGIES; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; SOLAR-CELLS; BAND-GAP; GAAS; GAINNAS; FREQUENCIES; INSULATORS; COMPLEXES AB Hydrogen is an omnipresent impurity in semiconductors; often associated with other impurities and native defects; strongly affecting their electronic properties by passivating deep and shallow levels, or activating isoelectronic centers, and can be intentionally or unintentionally incorporated. On the other hand, nitrogen has profound effects on the electronic structure of conventional III-V compounds: just a few percent of N can drastically lower the band gap of GaAs making it suitable for long-wavelength optical devices; isovalent doping of GaP by N leads to a quasidirect band gap with enhanced optical functionality. The large difference in electronegativity between N and other group V elements is expected to couple with the high chemical activity of H, raising crucial questions about the behavior of H in dilute nitride alloys that theories of hydrogen in conventional semiconductors or in common-anion nitrides are unable to answer. Here we show that N can qualitatively alter the electronic behavior of hydrogen: In GaAsN, an H atom bonds to N and can act as a donor in its own right, whereas in GaAs and GaN, H is amphoteric; Nitrogen also stabilizes the H-2* complex, that is otherwise unstable against the formation of interstitial H-2 molecules; reversing the effect of N on the band gap of GaAS; allowing us to interpret several recent experiments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Janotti, Anderson/F-1773-2011 OI Janotti, Anderson/0000-0001-5028-8338 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-763-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 813 BP 163 EP 174 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBB18 UT WOS:000224478900021 ER PT J AU Ogura, M Nagatomo, T Minamisomo, K Matsuta, K Minamisono, T Nakashima, Y Levy, CDP Sumikama, T Mihara, M Fujiwara, H Kumashiro, S Fukuda, M Behr, JA Jackson, KP Momota, S Nojiri, Y Ohtsubo, T Ohta, M Kitagawa, A Kanazawa, M Torikoshi, M Sato, S Suda, M Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TM AF Ogura, M Nagatomo, T Minamisomo, K Matsuta, K Minamisono, T Nakashima, Y Levy, CDP Sumikama, T Mihara, M Fujiwara, H Kumashiro, S Fukuda, M Behr, JA Jackson, KP Momota, S Nojiri, Y Ohtsubo, T Ohta, M Kitagawa, A Kanazawa, M Torikoshi, M Sato, S Suda, M Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TM TI Quadrupole moments of Na isotopes SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 13th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions/17th International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions (HFI/NQI 2004) CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Bonn, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsh Gemeinsch, Univ Bonn, Stadt Bonn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Springer Verlag DE beta-NMR; Na isotopes; quadruple moment AB The electric quadrupole coupling constants eqQ/h of Na-20 (I-pi=2(+), t(1/2)=449.7 ms) Na-21(I-pi=3/2, T-1/2=22.49 s) and Na-25 (I-pi=5/2, T-1/2=59.6 s) in single crystal ZnO and TiO2 were precisely measured by applying the beta-NMR technique. The ratio of the quadrupole moments between Na-20 (Na-25) and Na-21 was determined to be 0.728 +/- 0.023 (0.011 +/- 0.002). C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 7828502, Japan. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2630024, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ogura, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM ogura@phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2004 VL 159 IS 1-4 BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s10751-005-9105-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 019BI UT WOS:000235810200034 ER PT J AU Matsuta, K Nakashima, Y Nagatomo, T Ozawa, A Yamada, K Mihara, M Kumashiro, S Fujiwara, H Momota, S Ota, M Ohtsubo, T Yoshida, K Sumikama, T Ogura, M Minamisono, K Fukuda, M Minamisono, T Nojiri, Y Suzuki, T Izumikawa, T Tanihata, I Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM AF Matsuta, K Nakashima, Y Nagatomo, T Ozawa, A Yamada, K Mihara, M Kumashiro, S Fujiwara, H Momota, S Ota, M Ohtsubo, T Yoshida, K Sumikama, T Ogura, M Minamisono, K Fukuda, M Minamisono, T Nojiri, Y Suzuki, T Izumikawa, T Tanihata, I Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TJM TI Magnetic moment and spin of the extremely proton-rich nucleus Al-23 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 13th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions/17th International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions (HFI/NQI 2004) CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Bonn, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsh Gemeinsch, Univ Bonn, Stadt Bonn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Springer Verlag DE Al-23; beta-NMR; ground state spin parity; magnetic moment; proton halo AB The g-factor of the exteremely proton-rich Al-23(T-1/2=0.47 s) has been measured for the first time, applying beta-NMR technique on this nucleus implanted in Si. The obtained vertical bar g vertical bar=(1.58 +/- 0.2) suggests that the spin of the ground state of Al-23 is 5/2. The magnetic moment is determined as vertical bar mu vertical bar = (3.95 +/- 0.55) mu(N). C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Rikkyo Univ, Coll Sci, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 7828502, Japan. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Matsuta, K (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM matsuta@vg.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2004 VL 159 IS 1-4 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1007/s10751-005-9115-2 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 019BI UT WOS:000235810200038 ER PT J AU Nagatomo, T Sumikama, T Ogura, M Matsuta, K Nakashima, Y Akutsu, K Iwakoshi, T Fujiwara, H Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Mihara, M Minamisono, K Miyake, T Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Sasaki, M Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Suda, M Hirai, M Sato, S Zhu, SY Zhu, JZ Xu, YJ Zheng, YN Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TM AF Nagatomo, T Sumikama, T Ogura, M Matsuta, K Nakashima, Y Akutsu, K Iwakoshi, T Fujiwara, H Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Mihara, M Minamisono, K Miyake, T Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Sasaki, M Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Suda, M Hirai, M Sato, S Zhu, SY Zhu, JZ Xu, YJ Zheng, YN Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TM TI Precise nuclear quadrupole moments of B-8 and B-13 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 13th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions/17th International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions (HFI/NQI 2004) CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Bonn, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsh Gemeinsch, Univ Bonn, Stadt Bonn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Springer Verlag DE B-8; B-13; beta-NQR; eqQ; Q moment; TiO2 ID PROTON-HALO AB The electric quadrupole coupling constants eqQ/h of B-8 (I-pi=2(+), T-1/2=769 ms) and B-13(I-pi=3/2(-), T-1/2=17.4 ms) in single crystal TiO2 have been precisely measured by the beta-NQR NQR technique. The ratios of these Q moments to Q(B-12) were determined vertical bar Q(B-8)/Q(B-12)vertical bar= 4.882(32) and vertical bar Q(B-13)/Q(B-12)vertical bar = 2.768(24). C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 7828502, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2630024, Japan. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nagatomo, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM nagatomo@vg.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2004 VL 159 IS 1-4 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s10751-005-9109-0 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 019BI UT WOS:000235810200041 ER PT J AU Nagatomo, T Matsuta, K Nakashima, Y Sumikama, T Ogura, M Akutsu, K Iwakoshi, T Fujiwara, H Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Mihara, M Miyake, T Minamisono, K Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Sasaki, M Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Suda, M Hirai, M Sato, S Zhu, SY Zhu, JZ Xu, YJ Zheng, YN Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TM AF Nagatomo, T Matsuta, K Nakashima, Y Sumikama, T Ogura, M Akutsu, K Iwakoshi, T Fujiwara, H Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Mihara, M Miyake, T Minamisono, K Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Sasaki, M Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Suda, M Hirai, M Sato, S Zhu, SY Zhu, JZ Xu, YJ Zheng, YN Alonso, JR Krebs, GF Symons, TM TI Nuclear spin orientation created in heavy ion collisions and the sign of the Q moment of B-13 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the 13th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions/17th International Symposium on Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions (HFI/NQI 2004) CY AUG 22-27, 2004 CL Bonn, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsh Gemeinsch, Univ Bonn, Stadt Bonn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Springer Verlag DE B-13; beta-NMR; alignment; eqQ; heavy ion collision; polarization; TiO2 ID PROJECTILE FRAGMENTATION; UNSTABLE NUCLEI; POLARIZATION AB The momentum dependences of the nuclear spin polarization P and alignment of A of B-13(I-pi=3/2(+), T-1/2=17.36 ms) produced in the 100A MeV N-15+Be collisions have been measured by detecting beta-ray asymmetry. Because both the P and a were significantly smaller than the prediction from a simple kinematical model, some relaxation mechanisms must be take into account. Comparing the signs of the observed alignment of (12) B, the sign of the quadrupole coupling constant eqQ or B-13 in TiO2 was determined to be positive. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 7828502, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2630024, Japan. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nagatomo, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM nagatomo@vg.phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2004 VL 159 IS 1-4 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s10751-005-9110-7 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 019BI UT WOS:000235810200042 ER PT J AU Struzhkin, VV Mao, HK Mao, WL Hemley, RJ Sturhahn, W Alp, EE L'Abbe, C Hu, MY Errandonea, D AF Struzhkin, VV Mao, HK Mao, WL Hemley, RJ Sturhahn, W Alp, EE L'Abbe, C Hu, MY Errandonea, D TI Phonon density of states and elastic properties of Fe-based materials under compression SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Nassau Mossbauer Conference on Development and Novel Application of the Technique to Science CY JAN 10, 2003 CL Garden City, NY SP Nassau Comm Coll Fdn DE high pressure; phonon; DOS; inelastic; nuclear; scattering; antiferromagnetism ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; EARTHS INNER-CORE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MAGNETIC PROPERTIES; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; COBALTOUS OXIDES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; HIGH-PRESSURES; IRON; MNO AB The elastic properties of compressed Fe and FeO are examined using density of states measured by nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. We analyze the data both from non-hydrostatic and nearly hydrostatic experiments. The effects of preferred orientation in non-hydrostatic experiments could be substantial. We present also evidence in favor of strong softening of the Debye sound velocity due to the magnetoelastic coupling in iron oxide near the Neel transition. The geophysical implications resulting from the elastic and magnetoelastic properties of these and related materials under compression are discussed. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HP CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Struzhkin, VV (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Mao, Wendy/D-1885-2009; Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013; Errandonea, Daniel/J-7695-2016 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548; Errandonea, Daniel/0000-0003-0189-4221 NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2004 VL 153 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1023/B:HYPE.0000024709.22242.57 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 813SY UT WOS:000220928000002 ER PT J AU Brown, DE Toellner, TS Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Hu, M Kruk, R Rogacki, K Canfield, PC AF Brown, DE Toellner, TS Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Hu, M Kruk, R Rogacki, K Canfield, PC TI Partial phonon density of states of dysprosium and its compounds measured using inelastic nuclear resonance scattering SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Nassau Mossbauer Conference on Development and Novel Application of the Technique to Science CY JAN 10, 2003 CL Garden City, NY SP Nassau Comm Coll Fdn DE phonon density of states; dysprosium; Dy; inelastic nuclear resonance scattering; lattice vibrations; Mossbauer ID WAVE DISPERSION RELATION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; EXCITATION; DY-161 AB Inelastic nuclear resonance scattering measurements, utilizing a submilli eV monochromator, were performed on natural Dy metal, dysprosium oxide, and intermetallic Laves and Chevrel phase dysprosium compounds. The inelastic spectrum directly yields the partial phonon density of states, and thus provides a wealth of information about the modes of vibration occurring in a lattice at the Mossbauer Dy site. The extraction of the partial phonon density of states from a broad range of materials containing dysprosium demonstrates the feasibility of material science studies. C1 No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50950 Wroclaw, Poland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brown, DE (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2004 VL 153 IS 1-4 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1023/B:HYPE.0000024710.30209.72 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 813SY UT WOS:000220928000003 ER PT B AU Buttler, D AF Buttler, D BE Arabnia, HR Droegehorn, O TI A short survey of document structure similarity algorithms SO IC'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Internet Computing/International Symposium on Web Services and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol AB This paper provides a brief survey of document structural similarity algorithms, including the optimal Tree Edit Distance algorithm and various approximation algorithms. The approximation algorithms include the simple weighted tag similarity algorithm, Fourier transforms of the structure, and a new application of the shingle technique to structural similarity. We show three surprising results. First, the Fourier transform technique proves to be the least accurate of any of approximation algorithms, while also being slowest. Second, optimal Tree Edit Distance algorithms may not be the best technique for clustering pages from different sites. Third, the simplest approximation to structure may be the most effective and efficient mechanism for many applications. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Buttler, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-46-7 PY 2004 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBK73 UT WOS:000225901700001 ER PT B AU Kettimuthu, R Allcock, W AF Kettimuthu, R Allcock, W BE Arabnia, HR Droegehorn, O TI Improved selective acknowledgment scheme for TCP SO IC'04: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Internet Computing/International Symposium on Web Services and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol ID NETWORKS; PERFORMANCE AB A selective acknowledgment (SACK) mechanism, combined with a selective repeat retransmission policy, has been proposed to overcome the limitations with the cumulative acknowledgment scheme in TCP With the SACK mechanism, the receiver informs the sender about the non-contiguous blocks of data that have been received and queued. However, for each such noncontiguous block, SACK requires 8 bytes to convey the information to the sender Since TCP options field has a fixed length, an acknowledgment packet, at the maximum, can carry information about only 4 noncontiguous blocks. Under some error conditions, this limitation can cause the TCP sender to retransmit packets that have already been received successfully by the receiver In this paper we propose an improved selective acknowledgment (ISACK) scheme to overcome the limitations of the current selective acknowledgment scheme. Using examples, we demonstrate how the proposed scheme works. We further propose an adaptive selective acknowledgment (ASACK) strategy that dynamically switches between SACK and ISACK to give optimal performance. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Globus Alliance, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Globus Alliance, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kettimut@mcs.anl.gov; allcock@mcs.anl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-46-7 PY 2004 BP 913 EP 919 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBK73 UT WOS:000225901700138 ER PT B AU Whitney, P Weimar, M Calapristi, G AF Whitney, P Weimar, M Calapristi, G BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI Exploratory analysis of transaction data SO IC-AI '04 & MLMTA'04 , VOL 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence/International Conference on Machine Learning, Models, Technologies and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol AB Transactions comprise one of the fundamental components of an economy. This paper presents an analytic apparatus that can be used to analyze transaction data for anomalous events or changes in behavior, where the transaction is the fundamental unit of observation. The analytical approach was tested on trade and economic data from six countries where anomalies were known to have occurred. Temporal inconsistencies and discrepancies for reporter and partner countries were overcome by stacking the observations from country to country, removing the necessity to have a square data set with no missing observations. The signature vector, using transformations to standardize the data both economic comparisons and to reduce the weighting of variables with large differences, was found to be capable of detecting anomalous events in the Mexican economy during the 1980s and 1990s. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Whitney, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-33-5 PY 2004 BP 973 EP 976 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BBL81 UT WOS:000226030400147 ER PT B AU Whitney, P Chin, G Kucher, O Powers, M Johnson, KE Sloughter, M AF Whitney, P Chin, G Kucher, O Powers, M Johnson, KE Sloughter, M BE Arabnia, HR Mun, Y TI A data signature approach for analyzing, manipulating and understanding collections of graphical summaries of scenarios SO IC-AI '04 & MLMTA'04 , VOL 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence/International Conference on Machine Learning, Models, Technologies and Applications CY JUN 21-24, 2004 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korean Soc Internet Informat, World Acad Sci Informat Technol AB Events, organizations, and scenarios are often represented as a highly labeled, free-form, graph. The graph often serves as an index or detailed summary for the analysts who construct these graphs. The graphs also function as presentation summaries. Software exists to assist in the construction, manipulation and searching of these graphs. Methodology was developed to mathematically represent the graph summaries, and to enable the exploratory analysis of large individual and collection of such summaries. Examples of scenario retrieval are presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Whitney, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-33-5 PY 2004 BP 1001 EP 1006 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BBL81 UT WOS:000226030400152 ER PT J AU Young, DT Crary, FJ Nordholt, JE Bagenal, F Boice, D Burch, JL Eviatar, A Goldstein, R Hanley, JJ Lawrence, DJ McComas, DJ Meier, R Reisenfeld, D Sauer, K Wiens, RC AF Young, DT Crary, FJ Nordholt, JE Bagenal, F Boice, D Burch, JL Eviatar, A Goldstein, R Hanley, JJ Lawrence, DJ McComas, DJ Meier, R Reisenfeld, D Sauer, K Wiens, RC TI Solar wind interactions with Comet 19P/Borrelly SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Comets; dynamics; Comets; composition; solar wind ID P GRIGG-SKJELLERUP; GIACOBINI-ZINNER; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; ION COMPOSITION; HEAVY-IONS; HALLEY; ENCOUNTER; P/HALLEY; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTROMETER AB The Plasma Experiment for Planetary Exploration (PEPE) made detailed observations of the plasma environment of Comet 19P/Borrelly during the Deep Space 1 (DS1) flyby on September 22, 2001. Several distinct regions and boundaries have been identified on both inbound and outbound trajectories, including an upstream region of decelerated solar wind plasma and cometary ion pickup, the cometary bow shock, a sheath of heated and mixed solar wind and cometary ions, and a collisional inner coma dominated by cometary ions. All of these features were significantly offset to the north of the nucleus-Sun line, suggesting that the coma itself produces this offset, possibly because of well-collimated large dayside jets directed 8degrees-10degrees northward from the nucleus as observed by the DS1 MICAS camera. The maximum observed ion density was 1640 ion/cm(3) at a distance of 2650 km from the nucleus while the flow speed dropped from 360 km/s in the solar wind to 8 km/s at closest approach. Preliminary analysis of PEPE mass spectra suggest that the ratio of CO+/H2O+ is lower than that observed with Giotto at 1P/Halley. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, Ramat Aviv, Israel. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-3411 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. RP Young, DT (reprint author), SW Res Inst, PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM dyoung@swri.edu RI Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 47 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.011 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762DR UT WOS:000187956100009 ER PT S AU Ayyorgun, S Feng, WC AF Ayyorgun, S Feng, WC BE DaSilva, L Engbersen, T Park, EK TI A systematic approach for providing end-to-end probabilistic QoS guarantees SO ICCCN 2004: 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks CY OCT 11-13, 2004 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, CSEF, IBM, Nokia ID NETWORKS; QUEUE; DELAY AB We propose a probabilistic characterization of network traffic. This characterization can handle traffic with heavy-tailed distributions in performance analysis. We show that queue size, output traffic, virtual delay, aggregate traffic, etc. at various points in a network can easily be characterized within the framework of our characterization. This characterization is measurable and allows for a simple probabilistic method for regulating network traffic. All of these properties of the proposed characterization enable a systematic approach for providing end-to-end probabilistic QoS guarantees. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ayyorgun, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,M-S D451, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 0-7803-8814-3 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2004 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBE54 UT WOS:000225130500017 ER PT S AU Foster, I AF Foster, I GP ieee computer society TI Grid small and large: Distributed systems and global communities (ICSE 2004 linkages track presentation) SO ICSE 2004: 26TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Inst Elect Engineers, SIG SOFT, British Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, SIGPLAN C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0270-5257 BN 0-7695-2163-0 J9 PROC INT CONF SOFTW PY 2004 BP 27 EP 27 DI 10.1109/ICSE.2004.1317411 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BAH63 UT WOS:000222241200004 ER PT S AU Gorton, I Haack, J AF Gorton, I Haack, J GP ieee computer society TI Architecting in the face of uncertainty: An experience report SO ICSE 2004: 26TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Software Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2004) CY MAY 23-28, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Inst Elect Engineers, SIG SOFT, British Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn, SIGPLAN ID COMPONENTS AB Understanding an application's functional and nonfunctional requirements is normally seen as essential for developing a robust product suited to client needs. This paper describes our experiences in a project that, by necessity, commenced well before concrete client requirements could be known. After a first version of the application was successfully released, emerging requirements forced an evolution of the application architecture. The key reasons for this are explained, along with the architectural strategies and software engineering practices that were adopted. The resulting application architecture is highly flexible, modifiable and scalable, and therefore should provide a solid foundation for the duration of the application's lifetime. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Ian.Gorton@pnl.gov; Jereme.Haack@pnl.gov RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0270-5257 BN 0-7695-2163-0 J9 PROC INT CONF SOFTW PY 2004 BP 543 EP 551 DI 10.1109/ICSE.2004.1317476 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BAH63 UT WOS:000222241200067 ER PT B AU Brislawn, CM Wohlberg, B AF Brislawn, CM Wohlberg, B GP ieee TI Lifted linear phase filter banks and the polyphase-with-advance representation SO IEEE 11TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 2ND IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Taos Ski Valley, NM SP IEEE ID WAVELETS; DESIGN AB We develop the noncausal polyphase-with-advance representation that underlies the theory of lifted filter banks and wavelet transforms used in the ISO/IEC JPEG 2000 image coding standard. The theory includes a matrix algebra framework for analyzing linear phase two-channel filter banks. Whole- and half-sample symmetric filter banks are characterized completely in terms of the theory, and linear phase lifting factorizations are developed for both classes of linear phase filter banks. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brislawn, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8434-2 PY 2004 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBJ05 UT WOS:000225735400007 ER PT B AU Quirk, MD Brislawn, CM AF Quirk, MD Brislawn, CM GP ieee TI Existence of optimal paraunitary finite impulse response filter banks for continuous objective functionals SO IEEE 11TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 2ND IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Taos Ski Valley, NM SP IEEE AB The aim of this work is to study the existence and design of perfect reconstruction finite impulse response filter banks that are optimal under explicitly stated criteria. Most of the theoretical results on optimal paraunitary filter banks are developed without restriction on the filter orders. A theorem on the existence of optimal finite impulse response filter banks with respect to continuous objectives is given. This theorem guarantees the existence of optimal filter banks regardless of the bit rate and bit allocation strategy. An algorithm to find these optimal filter banks is given. This algorithm may be used in the design of optimal two-channel finite impulse response filter banks that may be embedded into JPEG-2000 Standard for more efficient compression of multicomponent images. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Quirk, MD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8434-2 PY 2004 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBJ05 UT WOS:000225735400010 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, A AF Fitzpatrick, A TI Anecdotes SO IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1058-6180 J9 IEEE ANN HIST COMPUT JI IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. PD JAN-MAR PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1109/MAHC.2004.1278851 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science GA 776CY UT WOS:000189098500007 ER PT B AU Chambers, DH Berryman, JG AF Chambers, DH Berryman, JG GP IEEE TI Analysis of the time-reversal operator for planar dipole arrays SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT ID DECOMPOSITION C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chambers, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 679 EP 682 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1329761 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400172 ER PT B AU Johnson, WA Warne, LK Basilio, LI Coats, RS Kotulski, JD Jorgenson, RE Grant, JB AF Johnson, WA Warne, LK Basilio, LI Coats, RS Kotulski, JD Jorgenson, RE Grant, JB GP IEEE TI Static modeling of periodic structures with application to braided shields SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Electromagnet & Plasma Phys Anal Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Johnson, WA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Electromagnet & Plasma Phys Anal Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 942 EP 945 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1329827 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400238 ER PT B AU Hussein, YA El-Ghazaly, SM AF Hussein, YA El-Ghazaly, SM GP IEEE TI On the design and optimization of waveguides using evolutionary approaches SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT ID MODEL AB This paper presents a new and efficient CAD-oriented algorithm for the design and optimization of high frequency coupled coplanar waveguides (CCPW's). The technique is based on genetic algorithms to obtain the global optimal solution of the problem. The proposed algorithm optimizes a multi-objective, highly non-linear problem having multiple local minima with one constraint. The new approach obtains the optimal structure dimensions that minimize the attenuation and at the same time be as close as possible to the circuit matching condition. After validation, the proposed technique is compared to a global search optimizer and then successfully applied to the design of practical monolithic implementations. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 1110 EP 1113 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1329869 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400280 ER PT B AU Dowla, F Nekoogar, F Spiridon, A AF Dowla, F Nekoogar, F Spiridon, A GP IEEE TI Interference mitigation in transmitted-reference ultra-wideband (UWB) receivers SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT AB The transmitted-reference (TR) ultra-wideband transceivers [4] have recently become increasingly popular for their simplicity, capability to reduce the stringent UWB timing requirements, and robust performance in multipath channels. However, the performance of TR receivers is considerably limited by the severity of noise-on-noise component introduced by various types of channel noise such as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) or narrowband interference (NBI) on the transmitted signal [6]. It is expected that such receivers will perform poorly at low signal-to-noise ratio links, or in the presence of strong narrowband interferers. In this paper we propose a novel technique that maximizes the extraction of information from reference pulses for UWB-TR receivers. The scheme efficiently processes the incoming signal to suppress different types of interference prior to signal detection. The method described introduces a feedback loop mechanism to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of reference pulses in a conventional TR receiver. The performance of a conventional TR receiver and a feedback loop TR receiver in the presence of AWGN and strong narrowband interference is investigated by analysis and computer simulations. Our studies show that the reference enhancing feedback loop mechanism greatly improves the robustness of the link performance of TR receivers in the presence of non-UWB interferes with modest increase in complexity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dowla, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 1307 EP 1310 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330425 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400329 ER PT B AU Miller, EK AF Miller, EK GP IEEE TI Comparison of the radiation properties of a sinusoidal current filament and a PEC dipole of vanishing radius SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lincoln, CA 95648 USA. RP Miller, EK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, 597 Rust Ranch Lane, Lincoln, CA 95648 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2027 EP 2030 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330605 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400510 ER PT B AU Champagne, NJ Rockway, JD Jandhyala, V AF Champagne, NJ Rockway, JD Jandhyala, V GP IEEE TI Mixed electromagnetic and circuit Simulations using a higher-order hybrid formulation SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Champagne, NJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2775 EP 2778 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1331950 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400698 ER PT B AU Burke, GJ Miller, EK Poggio, AJ AF Burke, GJ Miller, EK Poggio, AJ GP IEEE TI The numerical electromagnetics code (NEC) - A brief history SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burke, GJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2871 EP 2874 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1331976 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400723 ER PT B AU Pao, HY AF Pao, HY GP IEEE TI Probability density function for waves propagating in a straight rough wall tunnel SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pao, HY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 2975 EP 2978 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1332003 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400749 ER PT B AU Rieben, R White, D Rodrigue, G AF Rieben, R White, D Rodrigue, G GP IEEE TI Application of novel high order time domain vector finite element method to photonic band-gap waveguides SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT ID MAXWELLS EQUATIONS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rieben, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 3469 EP 3472 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330092 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066400873 ER PT B AU Pao, HY Zhu, ZH Dvorak, SL AF Pao, HY Zhu, ZH Dvorak, SL GP IEEE TI General, closed-form expressions for the time-domain surface impedances of a homogeneous, lossy half-space SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4 2004, DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUN 20-26, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Antennas & Propatat Soc, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Northrop Grumman, ITT Ind, ANSOFT ID WAVES OBLIQUELY INCIDENT; EFFICIENT ANALYSIS; ACCURATE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pao, HY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8302-8 PY 2004 BP 4236 EP 4239 DI 10.1109/APS.2004.1330286 PG 4 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BAO41 UT WOS:000223066401066 ER PT J AU Fasenfest, BJ Capolino, F Wilton, DR Jackson, DR Champagne, NJ AF Fasenfest, B. J. Capolino, F. Wilton, D. R. Jackson, D. R. Champagne, N. J. TI A Fast MoM Solution for Large Arrays: Green's Function Interpolation With FFT SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive integral method; antenna arrays; fast solvers AB A new type of fast method of moments (MoM) solution scheme for large arrays is developed using standard basis functions. Both fill and solve times are improved with respect to standard MoM solvers. The efficiency of the method relies on approximating the Green's function as a sum of separable interpolation functions defined on a relatively sparse uniform grid, along with use of the fast Fourier transform. The method permits the analysis of arrays with arbitrary contours and/or missing elements. Preliminary results show the effectiveness of the method for planar array elements in free space. C1 [Fasenfest, B. J.; Wilton, D. R.; Jackson, D. R.] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Capolino, F.] Univ Siena, Dept Informat Engn, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Champagne, N. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fasenfest, BJ (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM bfasenfe@mail.uh.edu; capolino@dii.unisi.it; wilton@uh.edu; djackson@uh.edu; champagn@latech.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the University of California [W-7405-Eng-48] FX Manuscript received December 19, 2003; revised May 7, 2004. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the University of California, under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2004 VL 3 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2004.833713 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V22HI UT WOS:000208265900045 ER PT J AU Rao, NSV Wu, QS Iyengar, SS AF Rao, NSV Wu, QS Iyengar, SS TI On throughput stabilization of network transport SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Robbins-Monro algorithm; stochastic approximation; transport stabilization AB A number of network applications require stable transport throughput for tasks such as control and coordination operations over wide-area networks. We present a window-based method that achieves stable throughput at a target level by utilizing a variation of the classical Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation algorithm. We analytically show the stability of this method under very mild conditions on the network, which are justified by Internet measurements. Our User Datagram Protocol (UDP)-based implementation provides stable throughput over the Internet under various traffic conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov; wuqn@ornl.gov; iyengar@bit.csc.lsu.edu OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 66 EP 68 DI 10.1109/LCOMM.2003.822508 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 777QX UT WOS:000189190000023 ER PT B AU Strohmaier, E Shan, H AF Strohmaier, E Shan, H GP ieee computer society TI Architecture independent performance characterization and benchmarking for scientific applications SO IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY'S 12TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MODELING, ANALYSIS, AND SIMULATION OF COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems (MASCOTS 2004) CY OCT 04-08, 2004 CL Volendam, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE TCCA, IEEE TCSIM, IEEE Comp Soc AB A simple, tunable, synthetic benchmark with a performance directly related to applications would be of great benefit to the scientific computing community. In this paper, we present a novel approach to develop such a benchmark. The initial focus of this project is on data access performance of scientific applications. First a hardware independent characterization of code performance in terms of address streams is developed. The parameters chosen to characterize a single address stream are related to regularity, size, spatial, and temporal locality. These parameters are then used to implement a synthetic benchmark program that mimics the performance of a corresponding code. To test the validity of our approach we performed experiments using five test kernels on six different platforms. The performance of most of our test kernels can be approximated by a single synthetic address stream. However in some cases overlapping two address streams is necessary to achieve a good approximation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Future Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Strohmaier, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Future Technol Grp, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2251-3 PY 2004 BP 467 EP 474 DI 10.1109/MASCOT.2004.1348302 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBC52 UT WOS:000224797100051 ER PT J AU Forslund, DW Joyce, EL Burr, T Picard, R Wokoun, D Umland, E Brillman, JC Froman, P Koster, F AF Forslund, DW Joyce, EL Burr, T Picard, R Wokoun, D Umland, E Brillman, JC Froman, P Koster, F TI Setting standards for improved syndromic surveillance SO IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Forslund, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dwf@lanl.gov OI Forslund, David/0000-0002-6534-3392 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0739-5175 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIOL JI IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1109/MEMB.2004.1297176 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 818AH UT WOS:000221217500010 PM 15154261 ER PT S AU Ayyorgun, S Cruz, RL AF Ayyorgun, S Cruz, RL GP IEEE TI A composable service model with loss and a scheduling algorithm SO IEEE INFOCOM 2004: THE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INFOCOM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies CY MAR 07-11, 2004 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc ID NETWORKS AB We show the composability of a new service model that we propose, which incorporates packet loss. The new model is based on guaranteeing at least a certain fraction of the all packets of a flow, which is to be served through a network element, to meet their deadlines assigned via a service curve. We also propose a scheduling algorithm to deliver the services as specified by the new service model at a multiplexer. The correctness of the proposed algorithm is also shown. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res & Dev Adv Network Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ayyorgun, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res & Dev Adv Network Technol, POB 1663,MS D451, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 0-7803-8355-9 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2004 BP 1950 EP 1961 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAV87 UT WOS:000223848100180 ER PT J AU Johnston, WE AF Johnston, WE TI Semantic services for grid-based, large-scale science SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 50B-2239, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wejohnston@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1541-1672 EI 1941-1294 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST JI IEEE Intell. Syst. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1109/MIS.2004.1265883 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 773BT UT WOS:000188878400009 ER PT J AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV TI Overlay networks of in situ instruments for probabilistic guarantees on message delays in wide-area networks SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Communications CY OCT 14-16, 2002 CL MIAMI, FL DE end-to-end delay; multiple paths; network daemons; probabilistic guarantees; quality-of-service (QoS); quickest paths; routing ID QUICKEST PATH PROBLEM; MINIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; TRANSPORT; SCHEME AB Messages transported over wide-area networks are subject to various delays at the hosts and intermediate nodes. In addition to bandwidth limits, the delays have an apparent "random" component due to the complicated dynamics of the network traffic. We consider that the messages sent over the network are subjected to three types of delays: 1) propagation delays along the links; 2) delays due to bandwidth, of the links; and 3) "other delays" at the hosts and intermediate nodes which are randomly distributed according to unknown distributions. We propose an overlay network of in situ instruments on such a network to collect delay measurements, compute paths and route messages. We propose regression methods to compute a path whose message delay is close to the optimal expected delay with a high probability, based entirely on measurements. The delay distributions are arbitrary and this guarantee is the best kind possible for this network. We then present a simple multiple path method for achieving low end-to-end delays. This overlay network is implemented over the Internet using user-level daemons that realize paths among themselves without explicit support from the underlying network routers. The Internet measurements show that this method achieves significantly higher aggregated bandwidths compared with the default paths. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8716 EI 1558-0008 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2003.818797 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 762EA UT WOS:000187957000008 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, J Feng, WC AF Hurwitz, J Feng, WC TI End-to-end performance of 10-gigabit Ethernet on commodity systems SO IEEE MICRO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Hot Interconnects 11 Conference CY AUG 20-22, 2003 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA HO Stanford Univ ID NETWORK AB INTEL'S NETWORK INTERFACE CARD FOR 10-GIGABIT ETHERNET (10 GBE) ALLOWS INDIVIDUAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS TO CONNECT DIRECTLY TO 10 GBE ETHERNET INFRASTRUCTURES. RESULTS FROM VARIOUS EVALUATIONS SUGGEST THAT 10 GBE COULD SERVE IN NETWORKS FROM LANS TO WANs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hurwitz, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663,MS D451, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ghurwitz@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1732 J9 IEEE MICRO JI IEEE Micro PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 10 EP 22 DI 10.1109/MM.2004.1268985 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 777EN UT WOS:000189162900005 ER PT B AU Moreland, K Angel, E AF Moreland, K Angel, E BE Silver, D Ertl, T Silva, C TI A fast high accuracy volume renderer for unstructured data SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VOLUME VISUALIZATION AND GRAPHICS 2004, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Volume Visualization and Graphics (VolVis 2004) CY OCT 11-12, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph TC, ACM SIGGRAPH DE volume rendering ID HARDWARE; MODELS AB In this paper, we describe an unstructured mesh volume renderer. Our renderer is interactive and accurately integrates light intensity an order of magnitude faster than previous methods. We employ a projective technique that takes advantage of the expanded programmability of the latest 3D graphics hardware. We also analyze an optical model commonly used for scientific volume rendering and derive a new method to compute it that is very accurate but computationally feasible in real time. We demonstrate a system that can accurately produce a volume rendering of an unstructured mesh with a first-order approximation to any classification method. Furthermore, our system is capable of rendering over 300 thousand tetrahedra per second yet is independent of the classification scheme used. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kmorel@sandia.gov; angel@cs.unm.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8781-3 PY 2004 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBF39 UT WOS:000225222400002 ER PT B AU Pesco, S Lindstrom, P Pascucci, V Silva, CT AF Pesco, S Lindstrom, P Pascucci, V Silva, CT BE Silver, D Ertl, T Silva, C TI Implicit occluders SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VOLUME VISUALIZATION AND GRAPHICS 2004, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Volume Visualization and Graphics (VolVis 2004) CY OCT 11-12, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph TC, ACM SIGGRAPH DE isosurfaces; visibility computations; occlusion culling; marching cubes; computational geometry; volume visualization; graphics hardware algorithms ID SPAN SPACE; VISIBILITY; ALGORITHM AB In this paper we propose a novel visibility-culling technique for optimizing the computation and rendering of opaque isosurfaces. Given a continuous scalar field f(x) over a domain D and an isovalue w, our technique exploits the continuity of f to determine conservative visibility bounds implicitly, i.e., without the need for actually computing the isosurface f(-1)(w). We generate Implicit Occluders based on the change in sign of f*(x) = f(x) - w, from positive to negative (or vice versa) in the neighborhood of the isosurface. Consider, for example, the sign of f* along a ray r cast from the current viewpoint. The first change in sign of f* within D must contain an intersection of r with the isosurface. Any additional intersection of the isosurface with r is not visible. Implicit Occluders constitute a general concept that can be exploited algorithmically in different ways depending on the framework adopted for visibility computations. In this paper, we propose a simple from-point approach that exploits well-known hardware occlusion queries. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pesco, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Lindstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3817-4199 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8781-3 PY 2004 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBF39 UT WOS:000225222400007 ER PT J AU Dixon, WE de Queiroz, MS Dawson, DM Flynn, TJ AF Dixon, WE de Queiroz, MS Dawson, DM Flynn, TJ TI Adaptive tracking and regulation of a wheeled mobile robot with controller/update law modularity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive control; input-output stability; Lyapunov methods; least squares methods; mobile robot dynamics ID RIGID-LINK; MANIPULATORS; STABILIZATION; SYSTEMS; PASSIVITY; DESIGN AB A new adaptive controller is developed for wheeled mobile robots with parametric uncertainty in the dynamic model. The main theoretical contribution is the modular manner in which the control law and parameter update law are designed. This feature allows for design flexibility in the selection of the update law, and can be exploited to improve the transient response of the adaptive controller. The proposed controller also has the important feature of being applicable to both the tracking and regulation problems. The modularity of the adaptive controller is experimentally demonstrated on a K2A Cybermotion mobile robot that has been modified to allow for the implementation of torque-level control inputs. In particular, the adaptive controller with a gradient update law is evaluated vis-A-vis a least-squares update law. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Tech Div Robot, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Imagery Technol & Syst Div, Tucson, AZ 85711 USA. RP Dixon, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Tech Div Robot, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dixonwe@ornl.gov RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X NR 28 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 138 EP 147 DI 10.1109/TCST.2003.819587 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 778NL UT WOS:000189247600014 ER PT J AU Hussein, YA El-Ghazaly, SM AF Hussein, YA El-Ghazaly, SM TI Modeling and optimization of microwave devices and circuits using genetic algorithms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE full hydrodynamic model (HDM); genetic algorithms (GAs); global modeling; microwave devices; optimization ID DESIGN AB This paper presents a new approach for the simulation and optimization of microwave devices using a genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed technique solves the equations that describe the semiconductor transport physics in conjunction with Poisson's equation, employing an adaptive real-coded GA. An objective function is formulated, and most of the GA parameters are recommended to change during the simulation. In addition, different methods for describing the way the GA parameters change are developed and studied. The effect of GA parameters including the mutation value, number of crossover points, selection criteria, size of population, and probability of mutation is analyzed. The technique is validated by simulating a submicrometer field-effect transistor, and then compared to successive over relaxation, showing the same degree of accuracy along with a moderate speed of convergence. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new vision for a GA capable of optimizing real value functions with a considerably large number of variables. this paper also represents a fundamental step toward applying GAs to Maxwell's equations in conjunction with the hydrodynamic model, aiming to develop an optimized and unconditionally stable global-modeling simulator. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM yasser@stac.stanford.edu; el-ghazaly@utk.edu NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 1 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2003.820899 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 769LK UT WOS:000188651400011 ER PT J AU Peng, FZ Li, H Su, GJ Lawler, JS AF Peng, FZ Li, H Su, GJ Lawler, JS TI A new ZVS bidirectional DC-DC converter for fuel cell and battery application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE auxiliary power supply; dc-dc converter; fuel cell vehicle; power generation; TDR; ZVS ID VOLTAGE AB This paper presents a new zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) bidirectional dc-dc converter. Compared to the traditional full and half bridge bidirectional dc-dc converters for the similar applications, the new topology has the advantages of simple circuit topology with no total device rating (TDR) penalty, soft-switching implementation without additional devices, high efficiency and simple control. These advantages make the new converter promising for medium and high power applications especially for auxiliary power supply in fuel cell vehicles and power generation where the high power density, low cost, lightweight and high reliability power converters are required. The operating principle, theoretical analysis, and design guidelines are provided in this paper. The simulation and the experimental verifications are also presented. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32308 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM fzpeng@egr.msu.edu NR 22 TC 312 Z9 343 U1 8 U2 44 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8993 EI 1941-0107 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2003.820550 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 765HD UT WOS:000188260300007 ER PT B AU Schussman, G Ma, KL AF Schussman, G Ma, KL BE Rushmeier, H Rushmeier, H Turk, G VanWijk, JJ TI Anisotropic volume rendering for extremely dense, thin line data SO IEEE VISUALIZATION 2004, PROCEEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2004 Conference CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, ATI, Sgi, Sun, Pacific NW Natl Lab, IBM Res, nVIDIA, Kitware, Mitsubishi Elect, ChevronTexaco, Natl Lib Med DE anisotropic lighting; line data; scientific visualization; vector field; volume rendering AB Many large scale physics-based simulations which take place on PC clusters or supercomputers produce huge amounts of data including vector fields. While these vector data such as electromagnetic fields, fluid flow fields, or particle paths can be represented by lines, the sheer number of the lines overwhelms the memory and computation capability of a high-end PC used for visualization. Further, very dense or intertwined lines, rendered with traditional visualization techniques, can produce unintelligible results with unclear depth relationships between the lines and no sense of global structure. Our approach is to apply a lighting model to the lines and sample them into an anisotropic voxel representation based on spherical harmonics as a preprocessing step. Then we evaluate and render these voxels for a given view using traditional volume rendering. For extremely large line based datasets, conversion to anisotropic voxels reduces the overall storage and rendering for O(n) lines to O(1) with a large constant that is still small enough to allow meaningful visualization of the entire dataset at nearly interactive rates on a single commodity PC. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM schussman@slac.stanford.edu; ma@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8788-0 PY 2004 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.5 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBF24 UT WOS:000225187500014 ER PT B AU Gao, JZ Shen, HW Huang, J Kohl, JA AF Gao, JZ Shen, HW Huang, J Kohl, JA BE Rushmeier, H Rushmeier, H Turk, G VanWijk, JJ TI Visibility culling for time-varying volume rendering using temporal occlusion coherence SO IEEE VISUALIZATION 2004, PROCEEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2004 Conference CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, ATI, Sgi, Sun, Pacific NW Natl Lab, IBM Res, nVIDIA, Kitware, Mitsubishi Elect, ChevronTexaco, Natl Lib Med DE visibility culling; time-varying data visualization; volume rendering; plenoptic opacity function; large data visualization ID VISUALIZATION AB Typically there is a high coherence in data values between neighboring time steps in an iterative scientific software simulation; this characteristic similarly contributes to a corresponding coherence in the visibility of volume blocks when these consecutive time steps are rendered. Yet tracitional visibility culling algorithms were mainly designed for static data, without consideration of such potential temporal coherency. In this paper, we explore the use of Temporal Occlusion Coherence (TOC) to accelerate visibility culling for time-varying volume rendering. In our algorithm, the opacity of volume blocks is encoded by means of Plenoptic Opacity Functions (POFs). A coherence-based block fusion technique is employed to coalesce time-coherent data blocks over a span of time steps into a single representative block. Then POFs need only be computed for these representative blocks. To quickly determine the subvolumes that do not require updates in their visibility status for each subsequent time step, a hierarchical "TOC tree" data structure is constructed to store the spans of coherent time steps. To achieve maximal culling potential, while remaining conservative, we have extended our previous POF into an Optimized POF (OPOF) encoding scheme for this specific scenario. To test our general TOC and OPOF approach, we have designed a parallel time-varying volume rendering algorithm accelerated by visibility culling. Results from experimental runs on a 32-processor cluster confirm both the effectiveness and scalability of our approach. C1 Ohio State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ohio State Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM gao.52@osu.edu; hwshen@cis.ohio-state.edu; huangj@cs.utk.edu; kohlja@ornl.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8788-0 PY 2004 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.110 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBF24 UT WOS:000225187500019 ER PT B AU McCormick, PS Inman, J Ahrens, JP Hansen, C Roth, G AF McCormick, PS Inman, J Ahrens, JP Hansen, C Roth, G BE Rushmeier, H Rushmeier, H Turk, G VanWijk, JJ TI Scout: A hardware-accelerated system for quantitatively driven visualization and analysis SO IEEE VISUALIZATION 2004, PROCEEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2004 Conference CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, ATI, Sgi, Sun, Pacific NW Natl Lab, IBM Res, nVIDIA, Kitware, Mitsubishi Elect, ChevronTexaco, Natl Lib Med DE visualization systems; hardware acceleration; multi-variate visualization; volume rendering ID IMPLEMENTATION; GPU AB Quantitative techniques for visualization are critical to the successful analysis of both acquired and simulated scientific data. Many visualization techniques rely on indirect mappings, such as transfer functions, to produce the final imagery. In many situations, it is preferable and more powerful to express these mappings as mathematical expressions, or queries, that can then be directly applied to the data. In this paper, we present a hardware-accelerated system that provides such capabilites and exploits current graphics hardware for portions of the computational tasks that would otherwise be executed on the CPU. In our approach, the direct programming of the graphics processor using a concise data parallel language, gives scientists the capability to efficiently explore and visualize data sets. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pat@lanl.gov; jti@anl.gov; ahrens@lanl.gov; hansen@cs.utah.edu; roth@cs.utah.edu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8788-0 PY 2004 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.95 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBF24 UT WOS:000225187500022 ER PT B AU Crossno, P Rogers, DH Brannon, RM Coblentz, D AF Crossno, P Rogers, DH Brannon, RM Coblentz, D BE Rushmeier, H Rushmeier, H Turk, G VanWijk, JJ TI Visualization of salt-induced stress perturbations SO IEEE VISUALIZATION 2004, PROCEEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2004 Conference CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, ATI, Sgi, Sun, Pacific NW Natl Lab, IBM Res, nVIDIA, Kitware, Mitsubishi Elect, ChevronTexaco, Natl Lib Med DE tensor field visualization; Mohr's circles; visual debugging; finite element codes and simulations ID MODELS AB An important challenge encountered during post-processing of finite element analyses is the visualizing of three-dimensional fields of real-valued second-order tensors. Namely, as finite element meshes become more complex and detailed, evaluation and presentation of the principal stresses becomes correspondingly problematic. In this paper, we describe techniques used to visualize simulations of perturbed in-situ stress fields associated with hypothetical salt bodies in the Gulf of Mexico. We present an adaptation of the Mohr diagram, a graphical paper and pencil method used by the material mechanics community for estimating coordinate transformations for stress tensors, as a new tensor glyph for dynamically exploring tensor variables within three-dimensional finite element models. This interactive glyph can be used as either a probe or a filter through brushing and linking. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pjcross@sandia.gov; dhroger@sandia.gov; rmbrann@sandia.gov; coblentz@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8788-0 PY 2004 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.115 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBF24 UT WOS:000225187500047 ER PT B AU Havre, SL Singhal, M Payne, DA Webb-Robertson, BJM AF Havre, SL Singhal, M Payne, DA Webb-Robertson, BJM BE Rushmeier, H Rushmeier, H Turk, G VanWijk, JJ TI PQuad: Visualization of predicted peptides and proteins SO IEEE VISUALIZATION 2004, PROCEEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2004 Conference CY OCT 10-15, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, ATI, Sgi, Sun, Pacific NW Natl Lab, IBM Res, nVIDIA, Kitware, Mitsubishi Elect, ChevronTexaco, Natl Lib Med DE visualization; metaphor; context; proteomics; differential proteomics; difference visualization AB New high-throughput proteomic techniques generate data faster than biologists can analyze it. Hidden within this massive and complex data are answers to basic questions about how cells function. The data afford an opportunity to take a global or systems approach studying whole proteomes comprising all the proteins in an organism. However, the tremendous size and complexity of the high-throughput data make it difficult to process and interpret. Existing tools for studying a few, proteins at a time are not suitable for global analysis. Visualization provides powerful analysis capabilities for enormous, complex data at multiple resolutions. We developed a novel interactive visualization tool, PQuad, for the visual analysis of proteins and peptides identified from high-throughput data on biological samples. PQuad depicts the peptides in the context of their source protein and DNA, thereby integrating proteomic and genomic information. A wrapped line metaphor is applied across key resolutions of the data, from a compressed view of an entire chromosome to the actual nucleotide sequence. PQuad provides a difference visualization for comparing peptides from samples prepared under different experimental conditions. We describe the requirements for such a visual analysis tool, the design decisions, and the novel aspects of PQuad. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Havre, SL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8788-0 PY 2004 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.82 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BBF24 UT WOS:000225187500060 ER PT B AU Sengupta, SK Lopez, AS Poland, DN AF Sengupta, SK Lopez, AS Poland, DN GP ieee TI Class-label statistics: A basis for fusing information from multi-spectral imagery with an application to unsupervised detection of human settlement SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci ID CLASSIFICATION AB A new approach to fusion of information from multi-spectral (MS) imagery is presented. This approach is motivated by the desire to develop all unsupervised classifier which call robustly detect settled regions (i.e.. regions containing man-made structures). It is well known ill the remote sensing community that the ground truth used in supervised classification are not only difficult to obtain but lend to be inconsistent and difficult to validate. In this paper. we present all Unsupervised approach for the problem which combines a two-step analysis of MS imagery with a spatial analysis of higher resolution panchromatic imagery. The MS analysis first combines the multi-spectral pixel information to create an image of pixel labels generated by the K-Means clustering algorithm. Tile-based fFeatures are then computed based on the first and second order class label statistics. These tile features are then used to classify, the tiles via a second application of the K-Means clustering algorithm. The results from this MS analysis define clusters of tiles of variable texture that are highly likely to contain evidence of human settlements. Spatial information is then brought to bear by analyzing co-registered high-resolution panchromatic images. By standard detectors we find the corner and edge densities in each co-registered tile. Determination of the threshold values used to determine the presence or absence of human settlements is currently performed by a human observer. The results of this spatial analysis are then compared and combined with tile MS results to finally determine the set of tiles containing signs of human settlements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sengupta, SK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-290, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1084 EP 1087 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900286 ER PT B AU Paglieroni, DW AF Paglieroni, DW GP ieee TI Convergent coarseness regulation for segmented images SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB In segmentation of remotely sensed images, the number of pixel classes and their spectral representation.,,, are often unknown a prion. Even with prior knowledge, pixels with spectral components from multiple classes lead to classification errors and undesired small region artifacts. Coarseness regulation for segmented images is proposed as, an efficient novel technique for handling these problems. Beginning with an over-segmented image, perceptually similar connected regions are iteratively merged using a method reminiscent of region growing, except the primitives are regions, not pixels. Interactive coarseness regulation is achieved by specifying the area alpha of the largest region eligible for merging. A region with area less than alpha is merged with the most spectrally similar connected region, unless the regions are perceived as spectrally dissimilar. In convergent coarseness regulation, which require,., no user interaction, re Is specified as the total number of pixels in the image, and the coarseness regulation output converges to a steady-state segmentation that remains unchanged as alpha is further increased. By applying convergent coarseness regulation to AVIRIS, IKONOS and DigitalGlobe images, and quantitatively comparing computer-generated segmentations to segmentations generated manually by a human analyst, it was found that the quality of the input segmentations was consistently and dramatically improved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Paglieroni, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 1585 EP 1588 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900414 ER PT B AU Weinert, GF Brase, JM Paglieroni, DW AF Weinert, GF Brase, JM Paglieroni, DW GP ieee TI Computer-aided content-based cueing of remotely sensed images with the Image Content Engine (ICE) SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB Human analysts are often unable to meet time constraints on analysis and interpretation of large volumes of remotely sensed imagery. To address this problem. the Image Content Engine (ICE) system currently under development is organized into an off-line component for automated extraction of image features followed by user-interactive components for content detection and content-based query processing. The extracted features are vectors that represent attributes of three entities, namely image tiles, image region, and shapes, or suspected matches to models of objects. ICE allows users to interactively specify decision thresholds so that content (consisting of entities whose features satisfy decision criteria) call be detected. ICE presents detected content to users as a prioritized series of thumbnail images. Users can either accept the detection results or specify a new set of decision thresholds. Once accepted, ICE stores the detected content ill database tables and semantic graphs. Users can interactively query the tables and graphs for locations at which prescribed relationships between detected content exist. New queries can be submitted repeatedly until a satisfactory series of prioritized thumbnail image cues is produced. Examples are provided to demonstrate how ICE can be used to assist users in quickly finding prescribed collections of entities (both natural and man-made) in a set of large USGS aerial photos retrieved from TerraserverUSA. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Weinert, GF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-290, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2155 EP 2158 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900566 ER PT B AU Grant, CW AF Grant, CW GP ieee TI Data structures and algorithms for graph based remote sensed image content storage and retrieval SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The Image Content Engine (ICE) project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) extracts, stores and allows queries of image content on multiple levels. ICE is designed for multiple application domains. The domain explored in this work is aerial and satellite surveillance imagery. The highest level of semantic information used in ICE is graph based. After objects are detected and classified, they are grouped based in their interrelations. The graph representing a locally related set of objects is called a "graphlet". Graphlets are interconnected into a larger graph Which covers an entire set of images. Queries based on graph properties are notoriously difficult due the inherent complexity of the graph isomorphism and sub-graph isomorphism problems. ICE exploits limitations in graph and query structure and uses a set of auxiliary data structures to quickly process a useful set of graph based queries. These queries could not be processed using semantically lower level (tile and object based) queries. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Grant, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 2159 EP 2162 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006900567 ER PT B AU Sengupta, SK Lopez, AS Brase, JM Paglieroni, DW AF Sengupta, SK Lopez, AS Brase, JM Paglieroni, DW GP ieee TI Phase-based road detection in multi-source images SO IGARSS 2004: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-7: SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY: EXPLORING AND MANAGING A CHANGING PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Missouri Columbia, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Ball Aerosp &Technol Corp, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Raytheon, US Geol Survey, ITT Ind, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Int Union Radio Sci AB The problem of robust automatic road detection in remotely sensed images is complicated by the fact that the sensor, spatial resolution, acquisition conditions, road width, road orientation and road material composition can all vary. A novel technique for detecting road pixels in multi-source remotely sensed images based on the phase (i.e., orientation or directional) information in edge pixels is described. A very dense map of edges extracted from the image is separated into channels, each containing edge pixels whose phases lie within a different range of orientations. The edge map associated with each channel is de-cluttered. A map of road pixels is formed by re-combining the de-cluttered channels into a composite edge image which is itself then separately de-cluttered. Road detection results are provided for DigitalGlobe and TerraServerUSA images. Road representations Suitable for various applications are then discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sengupta, SK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8742-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2004 BP 3833 EP 3836 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP98 UT WOS:000227006901010 ER PT S AU Cantu-Paz, E Cheunga, SCS Kamath, C AF Cantu-Paz, E Cheunga, SCS Kamath, C BE Dougherty, ER Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO TI Retrieval of similar objects in simulation data using machine learning techniques SO IMAGE PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems III CY JAN 19-21, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE machine learning; classification; similarity-based object retrieval; simulation data; turbulence AB Comparing the output of a physics simulation with an experiment is often done by visually comparing the two outputs. In order to determine which simulation is a closer match to the experiment, more quantitative measures are needed. This paper describes our early experiences with this problem by considering the slightly simpler problem of finding. objects in a image that are similar to a given query object. Focusing on a dataset from a fluid mixing problem, we report on our experiments using classification techniques from machine learning to retrieve the objects of interest in the simulation data. The early results reported in this paper suggest that machine learning techniques can retrieve more objects that are similar to the query than distance-based similarity methods. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cantu-Paz, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-551, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cantupaz@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5201-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5298 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1117/12.527122 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAH97 UT WOS:000222343600026 ER PT J AU Alexoff, DL Vaska, P Logan, JL AF Alexoff, DL Vaska, P Logan, JL TI Imaging dopamine receptors in the rat striatum with the MicroPET R4: Kinetic analysis of [C-11]raclopride binding using graphical methods SO IMAGING IN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, PT A SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; IN-VIVO; ITERATIVE RECONSTRUCTION; SMALL ANIMALS; HUMAN-BRAIN; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; SCATTER CORRECTION; C-11 RACLOPRIDE; PET SCANNER; 3D PET C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Alexoff, DL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB 002630] NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2004 VL 385 BP 213 EP 228 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BAG85 UT WOS:000222143000012 PM 15130741 ER PT J AU Gerasimov, MR AF Gerasimov, MR TI Brain uptake and biodistribution of [C-11]toluene nonhuman primates and mice SO IMAGING IN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, PT A SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOLUENE; BABOON C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gerasimov, MR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 03112] NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2004 VL 385 BP 334 EP 349 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BAG85 UT WOS:000222143000018 PM 15130747 ER PT S AU Harvey, NR Theiler, J AF Harvey, NR Theiler, J BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Focus-of-attention strategies for finding discrete objects in multispectral imagery SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry X CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE multispectral imagery; object detection; machine learning; image processing; target recognition AB Tools that perform pixel-by-pixel classification of multispectral imagery are useful in broad area mapping applications such as terrain categorization, but are less well-suited to the detection of discrete objects. Pixel-by-pixel classifiers, however, have many advantages: they are relatively simple to design, they can readily employ formal machine learning tools, and they are widely available on a variety of platforms. We describe an approach that enables pixel-by-pixel classifiers to be more effectively used in object-detection settings. This is achieved by optimizing a metric which does not attempt to precisely delineate every pixel comprising the objects of interest., but instead focusses the attention of the analyst to these objects without the distraction of many false alarms. The approach requires only minor modification of exisiting pixel-by-pixel classifiers, and produces substantially improved performance. We will describe algorithms that employ this approach and show how they work on a varitety of object detection problems using remotely-sensed multispectral data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Harvey, NR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5484-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5546 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1117/12.555857 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBE19 UT WOS:000225102700017 ER PT S AU Stork, CL Keenan, MR Haaland, DM AF Stork, CL Keenan, MR Haaland, DM BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Multivariate curve resolution for the analysis of remotely sensed thermal infrared hyperspectral images SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry X CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE remote sensing; thermal infrared; imaging; multivariate curve resolution ID GAS AB While hyperspectral imaging systems are increasingly used in remote sensing and offer enhanced scene characterization relative to univariate and multispectral technologies, it has proven difficult in practice to extract all of the useful information from these systems due to overwhelming data volume, confounding atmospheric effects, and the limited a priori knowledge regarding the scene. The need exists for the ability to perform rapid and comprehensive data exploitation of remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery. To address this need, this paper describes the application of a fast and rigorous multivariate curve resolution (MCR) algorithm to remotely sensed thermal infrared hyperspectral images. Employing minimal a priori knowledge, notably non-negativity constraints on the extracted endmember profiles and a constant abundance constraint for the atmospheric upwelling component. it is demonstrated that MCR can successfully compensate thermal infrared hyperspectral images for atmospheric upwelling and, thereby, transmittance effects. We take a semi-synthetic approach to obtaining image data containing gas plumes by adding emission gas signals onto real hyperspectral images. MCR can accurately estimate the relative spectral absorption coefficients and thermal contrast distribution of an ammonia gas plume component added near the minimum detectable quantity. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stork, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5484-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5546 BP 271 EP 284 DI 10.1117/12.559604 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BBE19 UT WOS:000225102700027 ER PT S AU Zinn, J Judd, ODP ReVelle, DO AF Zinn, J Judd, ODP ReVelle, DO BE Jenniskens, P Cellino, AQ Price, S TI Leonid meteor ablation, energy exchange, and trail morphology SO IMPACT OF MINOR BODIES OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM ON PLANETS AND THEIR MIDDLE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Space Congress/34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Comm Space Res DE meteors AB This paper describes theoretical model studies of the interaction of Leonid meteoroids with the earth's atmosphere. Subject to some modest-to-strenuous approximations we compute the rates of ablation and deceleration, energy deposition, and terminal altitudes of the meteors as functions of their initial mass and bulk density, velocity, trajectory entry angle, drag coefficient, heat of ablation, and an ablation energy transfer fraction. We find that the dominant energy deposition in the atmosphere is associated with the stopping of the ablated meteor particles and vapor by the surrounding air. Then having computed the energy deposition rates vs. altitude we compute the hydrodynamic and radiative expansion of the hot wake material in the radial direction, along with the associated air chemistry. From the computed results we can then plot two-dimensional temperature contours - as functions of the instantaneous distance behind the meteor and radial distance from the center of the wake, at various altitudes along the meteor's path. We also compute the rates of emission of radiation and the radiative efficiency, and discuss comparisons with observations. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zinn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nis 1 TA-3,Bldg 1888,Bikini Atol Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jzinn@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 2004 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1466 EP 1474 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAI23 UT WOS:000222364500004 ER PT B AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, WJ BE Hughes, EW Iachello, F TI Muonium lifetime and heavy quark decays - (Lessons learned from muonium) SO IN MEMORY OF VERNON WILLARD HUGHES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Vermon Willard Hughes Memorial Symposium CY NOV 14-15, 2003 CL Yale Univ, New Haven, CT HO Yale Univ ID INCLUSIVE WEAK DECAYS; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; BOUND MUONS; DISCARDING 1/N(C); RATES; RULE AB Environmental effects on the muon lifetime are described. A general theorem on the cancellation of bound state phase space suppression and final state interaction enhancement is illustrated for muonium and muonic atoms. Lessons from those bound muon examples are applied to the 6 decay puzzle and apparent inconsistencies in K-e3 decay rates. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-050-5 PY 2004 BP 42 EP 57 DI 10.1142/9789812702425_0004 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCM30 UT WOS:000229969400004 ER PT S AU Kruzic, JJ Ritchie, RO AF Kruzic, JJ Ritchie, RO BE Solomah, AG TI An experimental assessment of using crack-opening displacements to determine indentation toughness from vickers indents SO INDENTATION TECHNIQUES IN CERAMIC MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Indentation Techniques in Ceramic Materials Characterization held at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID RESISTANCE-CURVE BEHAVIOR; SILICON-CARBIDE; CERAMICS AB Recently, a method for determining indentation fracture toughness from Vickers hardness indentations has been proposed which is based on a comparison of measured crack-opening displacements to computed values. To provide a first test of this method, experiments were conducted on a commercial silicon carbide ceramic, Hexaloy SA. Using the method, a toughness value within 10% of that measured using conventional fracture toughness testing was obtained; however, there was poor agreement between the measured and computed crack-opening profiles. Such discrepancies raise concerns about the suitability of this new method for determining the toughness of ceramics. Possible causes for these discrepancies are discussed, including subsurface lateral cracking and crack formation during loading. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-212-5 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 156 BP 83 EP 91 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BY77D UT WOS:000189459200008 ER PT S AU Foy, BR Theiler, J AF Foy, BR Theiler, J BE Szu, HH Wickerhauser, MV Pearlmutter, BA Sweldens, W TI Scene analysis and detection in thermal infrared remote sensing using independent component analysis SO INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSES, WAVELETS, UNSUPERVISED SMART SENSORS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Smart Sensors and Neural Networks II CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE remote sensing; hyperspectral imaging; lidar; ICA; chemical sensing ID UNMIXING HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; MATCHED-FILTER DETECTION; REDUCTION; PLUMES AB Independent Component Analysis can be used to analyze cluttered scenes from remote sensing imagery and to detect objects. We show examples in the thermal infrared spectral region (8-12 mum) using both passive hyperspectral data and active multispectral data. The examples are from actual field data and computer simulations. ICA isolates spectrally distinct objects with nearly one-to-one correspondence with the independent component basis functions, making it useful for modeling the clutter in typical scenes. We show examples of chemical plume detection in real and simulated data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Foy, BR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5362-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5439 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.542442 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAI05 UT WOS:000222349800013 ER PT J AU Federspiel, CC Fisk, WJ Price, PN Liu, G Faulkner, D Dibartolome, DL Sullivan, DP Lahiff, M AF Federspiel, CC Fisk, WJ Price, PN Liu, G Faulkner, D Dibartolome, DL Sullivan, DP Lahiff, M TI Worker performance and ventilation in a call center: analyses of work performance data for registered nurses SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2002) CY 2002 CL Monterey, CA SP Swedish Assoc Asthma & Allergy DE carbon dioxide, ventilation rates; offices; productivity; worker performance ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; AIR SUPPLY RATE; PRODUCTIVITY; SYMPTOMS; OFFICE AB We investigated the relationship between ventilation rates and individual work performance in a call center, and controlled for other factors of the indoor environment. We randomized the position of the outdoor air control dampers, and measured ventilation rate, differential (indoor minus outdoor) carbon dioxide (DeltaCO(2)) concentration, supply air velocity, temperature, humidity, occupant density, degree of under-staffing, shift length, time of day, and time required to complete two different work performance tasks (talking with clients and post-talk wrap-up to process information). DeltaCO(2) concentrations ranged from 13 to 611 p.p.m. We used multivariable regression to model the association between the predictors and the responses. We found that agents performed talk tasks fastest when the ventilation rate was highest, but that the relationship between talk performance and ventilation was not strong or monotonic. We did not find a statistically significant association between wrap-up performance and ventilation rate. Agents were slower at the wrap-up task when the temperature was high (>25.4degreesC). Agents were slower at wrap-up during long shifts and when the call center was under-staffed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Built Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Federspiel, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Built Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cliff_f@uclink.berkeley.edu NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PY 2004 VL 14 SU 8 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00299.x PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 902DJ UT WOS:000227331500005 PM 15663459 ER PT J AU Faulkner, D Fisk, WJ Sullivan, DP Lee, SM AF Faulkner, D Fisk, WJ Sullivan, DP Lee, SM TI Ventilation efficiencies and thermal comfort results of a desk-edge-mounted task ventilation system SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2002) CY 2002 CL Monterey, CA SP Swedish Assoc Asthma & Allergy DE improved IAQ practices and technologies; ventilation rates and strategies; offices; perceived air quality; thermal comfort ID POLLUTANT REMOVAL AB In chamber experiments, we investigated the ventilation effectiveness and thermal comfort of a task ventilation system with an air supply nozzle located underneath the front edge of a desk and directing air towards a heated mannequin or a human volunteer seated at the desk. The task ventilation system provided outside air, while another ventilation system provided additional space cooling but no outside air. Test variables included the vertical angle of air supply (-15degrees to 45degrees from horizontal), and the supply flow rate of (3.5-6.5 l/s). Using the tracer gas step-up and step-down procedures, the measured air change effectiveness (i.e., exhaust air age divided by age of air in the breathing zone) in experiments with the mannequin ranged from 1.4 to 2.7 (median, 1.8), whereas with human subjects the air change effectiveness ranged from 1.3 to 2.3 (median, 1.6). The majority of the air change effectiveness values with the human subjects were less than values with the mannequin using comparable tests. Similarly, the tests run with supply air temperature equal to the room air temperature had lower air change effectiveness values than comparable tests with the supply air temperature lower (similar to5degreesC) than the room air temperature. The air change effectiveness values are higher than typically reported for commercially-available task ventilation or displacement ventilation systems. Based on surveys completed by the subjects, operation of the task ventilation system did not cause thermal discomfort. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Faulkner, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM D_Faulkner@lbl.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PY 2004 VL 14 SU 8 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00295.x PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 902DJ UT WOS:000227331500010 PM 15663464 ER PT J AU Erdmann, CA Apte, MG AF Erdmann, CA Apte, MG TI Mucous membrane and lower respiratory building related symptoms in relation to indoor carbon dioxide concentrations in the 100-building BASE dataset SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2002) CY 2002 CL Monterey, CA SP Swedish Assoc Asthma & Allergy DE BASE study, carbon dioxide; indoor environmental quality; building related symptoms; sick building syndrome; ventilation ID CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; OFFICE BUILDINGS; HEALTH AB Indoor air pollutants are a potential cause of building related symptoms and can be reduced by increasing ventilation rates. Indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is an approximate surrogate for concentrations of occupant-generated pollutants and for ventilation rate per occupant. Using the US EPA 100 office-building BASE Study dataset, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to quantify the relationship between indoor CO2 concentrations (dCO(2)) and mucous membrane (MM) and lower respiratory system (LResp) building related symptoms, adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, presence of carpet in workspace, thermal exposure, relative humidity, and a marker for entrained automobile exhaust. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that certain environmentally mediated health conditions (e.g., allergies and asthma) confer increased susceptibility to building related symptoms. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for statistically significant, dose-dependent associations (P < 0.05) for combined mucous membrane, dry eyes, sore throat, nose/sinus congestion, sneeze, and wheeze symptoms with 100 p.p.m. increases in dCO(2) ranged from 1.1 to 1.2. Building occupants with certain environmentally mediated health conditions were more likely to report that they experience building related symptoms than those without these conditions (statistically significant ORs ranged from 1.5 to 11.1, P < 0.05). C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Erdmann, CA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 109 Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM chrise@umich.edu NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PY 2004 VL 14 SU 8 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00298.x PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 902DJ UT WOS:000227331500014 PM 15663468 ER PT J AU Hodgson, AT Shendell, DG Fisk, WJ Apte, MG AF Hodgson, AT Shendell, DG Fisk, WJ Apte, MG TI Comparison of predicted and derived measures of volatile organic compounds inside four new relocatable classrooms SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate (Indoor Air 2002) CY 2002 CL Monterey, CA SP Swedish Assoc Asthma & Allergy DE emission rate, formaldehyde; interior finish material; volatile organic compound; school classroom ID EMISSION RATES; FORMALDEHYDE AB Our objective was to develop a process for selecting interior finish materials having low impacts with respect to emissions of toxic and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for school relocatable classrooms (RCs). A laboratory study identified alternate materials with low VOC emissions. Two pairs of RCs then were constructed. One RC per pair contained standard interior materials; the other incorporated alternate materials. The pairs were sited side-by-side at two California elementary schools in fall 2001. Fifteen target VOCs, including the toxicants formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetate, phenol, toluene, and naphthalene, were measured during school hours over 8 weeks in the succeeding fall cooling season. Indoor minus outdoor VOC concentrations with an advanced HVAC operated were low; only formaldehyde concentrations exceeded 5 p.p.b. Classroom VOC concentrations were predicted based on emission factors (mug/m(2)/h), material quantities and design ventilation rates. These were compared to average adjusted concentrations measured when the occupied classrooms were operating at near the code-minimum ventilation rate. For 16 of the possible 42 comparisons, measured concentrations agreed within a factor of two of predicted the predicted values. Concentrations of six of 10 VOCs were significantly lower in modified RCs though average differences were mostly less than 1 p.p.b. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Hodgson, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 70R0108B,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM athodgson@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PY 2004 VL 14 SU 8 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00315.x PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 902DJ UT WOS:000227331500015 PM 15663469 ER PT J AU Cook, GE Crawford, R Clark, DE Strauss, AM AF Cook, GE Crawford, R Clark, DE Strauss, AM TI Robotic friction stir welding SO INDUSTRIAL ROBOT-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE friction welding; robotics AB The forces and torques associated with friction stir welding (FSW) are discussed as they relate to implementation of the welding process with industrial robots. Experimental results are presented that support the conclusions drawn from models developed by others. It is shown that even with heavy-duty industrial robots with high stiffness, force feedback is important for successful robotic FSW. Methods of implementing force feedback are reviewed. Attention is paid to stability issues that arise with variations in tool rotation and travel speed. Successful implementations of robotic FSW are cited. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Ind & Mat Technol Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Cook, GE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 13 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0143-991X J9 IND ROBOT JI Ind. Robot PY 2004 VL 31 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1108/01439910410512000 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA 801JD UT WOS:000220091300010 ER PT J AU Jamasbi, RJ Kennel, SJ Waters, LC Foote, LJ Ramsey, JM AF Jamasbi, RJ Kennel, SJ Waters, LC Foote, LJ Ramsey, JM TI Genetic analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and arbitrarily primed PCR : Gel analysis compared with microchip gel electrophoresis SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR SOMATIC ANTIGENS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; DNA; STRAINS; AMPLIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; INFECTIONS AB OBJECTIVES: To assess the applicability of a newly emerging microchip gel electrophoresis for rapid strain differentiation among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to compare this technique with the traditional gel method for DNA separation. METHODS: One hundred clinical strains of P aeruginosa obtained from a hospital in northwestern Ohio were tested for reactivity to 3 serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Twelve strains (4 from each serogroup) were selected for DNA analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based, single primer DNA fingerprinting methods with 3 different primers: 1 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and 2 arbitrarily primed PCRs. The PCR products were analyzed by agarose slab gel and microchip gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Of the 100 clinical isolates tested, 39% (4%, 14%, and 21%) were found to be serotypes 0:3, 0:6, and 0:11, respectively. Twelve strains were chosen for DNA analysis by PCR. The PCR products were analyzed by agarose slab gel electrophoresis and on microchips to determine interspecies diversity. Both methods demonstrated that different serotypes exhibited different electrophoretic patterns. Two strains (clinical strains 6 and 7, serotype 0:6) showed identical patterns, indicating a high degree of relatedness. CONCLUSION: In all cases, there was concordance between the electrophoretic patterns detected by the two methods. The capability of conducting both PCR and microchip gel electrophoresis offers an opportunity for an automated and rapid method for genetic analysis and differentiation among strains of P aeruginosa and other microorganisms. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Publ & Allied Hlth, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Jamasbi, RJ (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Publ & Allied Hlth, 504 Life Sci Bldg, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [2-507-RR-071292-07] NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1086/502295 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 763PG UT WOS:000188094300014 PM 14756223 ER PT S AU Anderson, E Beaver, C Draelos, T Schroeppel, R Torgerson, M AF Anderson, E Beaver, C Draelos, T Schroeppel, R Torgerson, M BE Wang, HX Varadharajan, V TI ManTiCore: Encryption with joint cipher-state authentication SO INFORMATION SECURITY AND PRIVACY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Australasian Conference on Information Security and Privacy CY JUL 13-15, 2004 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP ACAC, Informat & Networked Secur Syst Res, Macquarie Univ, Australian Comp Soc DE encryption mode; inexpensive authentication; Luby-Rackoff; feistel; middletext; hash; cipher ID PSEUDORANDOM PERMUTATIONS AB We describe a new mode of encryption with inexpensive authentication, which uses information from the internal state of the cipher to provide the authentication. Our algorithms have a number of benefits: The encryption has properties similar to CBC mode, yet the encipherment and authentication can be parallelized and/or pipelined; The authentication overhead is minimal; The authentication process remains resistant against some IV reuse. Our first construction is the MTC4 encryption algorithm based on cryptographic hash functions which supports variable block sizes up to twice the hash output length, and variable key lengths. A proof of security is presented for MTC4. We then generalize the construction to create the Cipher-State (CS) mode of encryption that uses the internal state of any round-based block cipher as an authenticator. We give a concrete example using AES as the encryption primitive. We provide performance measurements for all constructions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM weander@sandia.gov; cbeaver@sandia.gov; tjdrael@sandia.gov; rschroe@sandia.gov; mdtorge@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22379-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3108 BP 440 EP 453 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAK11 UT WOS:000222626600038 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, FJ Ashley, CS Clem, PG Boreman, GD AF Gonzalez, FJ Ashley, CS Clem, PG Boreman, GD TI Antenna-coupled microbolometer arrays with aerogel thermal isolation SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbolometer; infrared focal plane array; silica aerogel; antenna-coupled detectors ID FILMS AB Uncooled bolometric detectors used in infrared imaging systems have slow response times (similar to10 ms) which makes them impractical for fast-frame-rate applications. Antenna-coupled microbolometer arrays have been shown to have fast response times (similar to130 ns) and can be used as picture elements in infrared imaging systems but lack sufficient responsivity. Thermal isolation of antenna-coupled microbolometer arrays will increase its responsivity but will also increase its response time. Thermal isolation can be achieved using silica aerogel as a substrate, and its porosity can be used to modify the thermal conductivity down to values lower than air. In this paper antenna-coupled microbolometer arrays were fabricated on a substrate coated with a thin film of aerogel, noise, response and radiation characteristics were measured and compared to similar devices fabricated on a SiO2 substrate. The measured signal-to-noise ratio of devices fabricated on aerogel were one order of magnitude higher than devices fabricated on SiO2 and had time constants around 5 mus. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gonzalez, FJ (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt, CREOL, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RI Gonzalez, Francisco/F-6434-2012 OI Gonzalez, Francisco/0000-0002-1346-9073 NR 8 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(03)00177-4 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 753LF UT WOS:000187232300006 ER PT J AU Grahame, T Hidy, G AF Grahame, T Hidy, G TI Using factor analysis to attribute health impacts to particulate pollution sources SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICLES; FINE; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY; MATTER; CITIES AB Laden et al. (2000) recently reported results of applying factor analysis to data taken in six cities from 1979 to 1988, identifying airborne particle sources potentially affecting daily mortality. These authors sought relationships between source groups and risk measures using source tracer elements, Se (coal combustion), Pb (light-duty motor vehicle sources), and Si (crustals-oil dispersion). Combined data analyses of this kind may overlook the complexity of source contributions, which have common tracer elements. In one of the cities, Boston, for example, the authors found coal combustion was an important source of mortality risk. For the city of Boston, the authors attribute coal combustion largely to distant upwind regional sources. The emphasis on coal combustion is confounded by the presence of major local sources of residual oil combustion, which contribute V, Se, and S (sulfur as sulfate) to the source apportionment. Evaluation of the source identification using single-element tracer analysis indicates that the detailed chemical composition or profile of major local sources needs to be taken into account in these investigations to minimize misclassification of airborne particle sources with potential adverse health effects. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Envair Aerochem, Placitas, NM USA. RP Grahame, T (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM thomas.grahame@hq.doe.gov NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2004 VL 16 SU 1 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1080/08958370490443231 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 837CQ UT WOS:000222605700015 PM 15204802 ER PT B AU Barletta, WA AF Barletta, WA BE Nappi, E Seguinot, J TI Future Hadron super colliders: The farthest energy frontier SO INNOVATIVE DETECTORS FOR SUPERCOLLIDERS SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Innovative Detectors for Supercolliders CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY SP FEMCCS, Italian Natl Inst Nucl Phys, MIUR, Sicilian Reg Govt AB Advances in superconducting materials and magnets, in accelerator physics, and in beam feedback, control and instrumentation systems allow us to consider the practical design of a proton collider with a discovery potential well beyond that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHQ currently being constructed at CERN. The ELOISATRON (ELN) (or Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC) represents what may well be the final step on the energy frontier of accelerator-based high energy physics. Despite the existence of detailed designs of the SSC (at 20 TeV per beam), more than 15 years of technical studies' for an ELOISATRON (ELN) at 100 TeV per beam, and an extensive study(2) of a Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC) at FNAL, the economic practicality of a collider at 50 to 100 TeV per beam will remain uncertain until appropriate arc dipole designs have been tested in model magnet configurations. A vital step toward an affordable ELN is re search now underway aimed at the upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barletta, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-745-5 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 2004 VL 25 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1142/9789812702951_0001 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCL85 UT WOS:000229958600001 ER PT B AU Haber, C AF Haber, C BE Nappi, E Seguinot, J TI Precision inner tracking systems at future high luminosity Hadron colliders SO INNOVATIVE DETECTORS FOR SUPERCOLLIDERS SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Innovative Detectors for Supercolliders CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY SP FEMCCS, Italian Natl Inst Nucl Phys, MIUR, Sicilian Reg Govt ID DEEP-SUBMICRON CMOS; CMS SILICON TRACKER; DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE; SENSORS; DESIGN AB The development, design, and construction of a precision inner tracking system for use at a future high luminosity hadron collider represents a significant challenge. The physics justification for such a device is considered. The basic factors affecting the performance of a tracker are summarized. Physics and technical specifications and areas for future technical development are considered. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haber, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-745-5 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 2004 VL 25 BP 87 EP 106 DI 10.1142/9789812702951_0007 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCL85 UT WOS:000229958600007 ER PT B AU Va'Vra, J AF Va'Vra, J BE Nappi, E Seguinot, J TI Cherenkov imaging techniques for the future high luminosity machines SO INNOVATIVE DETECTORS FOR SUPERCOLLIDERS SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Innovative Detectors for Supercolliders CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY SP FEMCCS, Italian Natl Inst Nucl Phys, MIUR, Sicilian Reg Govt ID RICH; DETECTOR; PERFORMANCE; PHYSICS; GEM AB The paper discusses Cherenkov Ring Imaging detectors for use in future high luminosity colliders, such as B-factories, or hadron machines, such as the Eloisatron. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Va'Vra, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-745-5 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 2004 VL 25 BP 281 EP 303 DI 10.1142/9789812702951_0019 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCL85 UT WOS:000229958600019 ER PT B AU Freeman, J AF Freeman, J BE Nappi, E Seguinot, J TI Hadron calorimeters for future hadron colliders SO INNOVATIVE DETECTORS FOR SUPERCOLLIDERS SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Innovative Detectors for Supercolliders CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 2003 CL Erice, ITALY SP FEMCCS, Italian Natl Inst Nucl Phys, MIUR, Sicilian Reg Govt AB Hadron calorimeters are essential for jet and neutrino physics at collider experiments. Current hadron calorimeters for the ATLAS and CMS detectors are described. Increased energy and luminosity of future hadron colliders place constraints on detector technology. Difficulties for operation of the current detectors in future hadron collider environments are discussed. New experiments for future colliders should take notice of physics processes during jet evolution that place fundamental limits on performance of the calorimeter to reconstruct jets. A technique of incorporating tracking information to improve jet resolution is described. Future detectors should be designed with these constraints in mind. Possible avenues of exploration for future technology are described. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Freeman, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-745-5 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 2004 VL 25 BP 362 EP 377 DI 10.1142/9789812702951_0024 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BCL85 UT WOS:000229958600024 ER PT S AU Lesley, MJG Norman, NC Rice, CR Norman, DW Baker, RT AF Lesley, M. J. Gerald Norman, Nicholas C. Rice, Craig R. Norman, David W. Baker, R. Tom BE Shapley, JR TI DIBORANE(4) COMPOUNDS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 34 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIS-DITHIOCATECHOLATE; CATECHOLATE; CHEMISTRY; BORON C1 [Lesley, M. J. Gerald; Norman, Nicholas C.; Rice, Craig R.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 ITS, Avon, England. [Norman, David W.; Baker, R. Tom] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lesley, MJG (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 ITS, Avon, England. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-0-471-65368-4 J9 INORG SYN PY 2004 VL 34 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1002/0471653683.ch1 D2 10.1002/0471653683 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BSE29 UT WOS:000284266500002 ER PT S AU Hill, RF Wood, GL Danzer, R Paine, RT Boyle, T AF Hill, Richard F. Wood, G. Lynn Danzer, R. Paine, Robert T. Boyle, Timothy BE Shapley, JR TI TABULAR alpha-ALUMINA SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 34 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hill, Richard F.; Wood, G. Lynn] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Wood, G. Lynn] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Chem, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Danzer, R.] Univ Leoben, Inst Struct & Funct Ceram, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Boyle, Timothy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Hill, RF (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-0-471-65368-4 J9 INORG SYN PY 2004 VL 34 BP 21 EP 24 D2 10.1002/0471653683 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BSE29 UT WOS:000284266500006 ER PT S AU Wilkerson, MP Burns, CJ Paine, RT Blosch, LL Andersen, RA AF Wilkerson, Marianne P. Burns, Carol J. Paine, Robert T. Blosch, Laura L. Andersen, Richard A. BE Shapley, JR TI DI(mu-CHLORO)BIS{CHLORODIOXOBIS(TETRAHYDROFURAN)URANIUM(VI)}, {UO(2)Cl(2)(THF)(2)}(2) SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 34 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID URANYL CHLORIDE; COMPLEXES; LIGANDS C1 [Wilkerson, Marianne P.; Burns, Carol J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Paine, Robert T.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Blosch, Laura L.; Andersen, Richard A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilkerson, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-0-471-65368-4 J9 INORG SYN PY 2004 VL 34 BP 93 EP 95 D2 10.1002/0471653683 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BSE29 UT WOS:000284266500021 ER PT J AU Strachan, DM Buchmiller, WC Park, WR Munley, JT AF Strachan, DM Buchmiller, WC Park, WR Munley, JT TI A laser-based measurement device for highly radioactive specimens SO INSTRUMENTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser device; parallelepipeds; radioactive specimens; measurement device ID IMMOBILIZATION; PLUTONIUM; CERAMICS AB A laser-based measurement device was developed so that the dimensions of highly radioactive specimens could be monitored over the span of several years. The device employs two laser curtain and diode detector pairs that are mounted orthogonally to each other. Each pair has its own controller, which is used to obtain 3500 simultaneous measurements of the height and diameter of the specimens. The precision of the measurements is less than 10 mum over a period of more that 2 years. The device was also used to measure various parallelepipeds. It was possible to determine the dimensions of these parallelepipeds and the angle between the sides. Several improvements to the device are recommended. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strachan, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K6-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dennis.strachan@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1073-9149 J9 INSTRUM SCI TECHNOL JI Instrum. Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1081/CI-120027342 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 832EK UT WOS:000222249800001 ER PT J AU Yan, XD Tang, YJ Ji, HF Lvov, Y Thundat, T AF Yan, XD Tang, YJ Ji, HF Lvov, Y Thundat, T TI Detection of organophosphates using an acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) coated microcantilever SO INSTRUMENTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microcantilever; acetyl cholinesterase (AChE); organophosphate detection; adsorption-induced stress; self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) ID RESONANCE-FREQUENCY; CANTILEVER ARRAY; SENSOR AB A microcantilever modified with a layer of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) responding to paraoxon is reported in this work. Acetyl cholinesterase was immobilized on a microcantilever through a cross linker to a monolayer on gold surface of the microcantilever. The microcantilever underwent a maximum of 7 nm bending due to the inhibition of AChE by paraoxon that slightly changed the conformation of AChE. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ji, HF (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM hji@chem.latech.edu RI Lvov, Yuri/E-7633-2012 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1073-9149 J9 INSTRUM SCI TECHNOL JI Instrum. Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1081/CI-120028770 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 832EM UT WOS:000222250000007 ER PT J AU Petrova, AE Stishov, SM AF Petrova, AE Stishov, SM TI A cryostat for low-temperature and high-pressure studies SO INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB A cryostat for cooling a high-pressure cell connected to a high-pressure generator with small-diameter stainless-steel tubing, is described. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Vereshchagin Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrova, AE (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Vereshchagin Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Oblast, Russia. EM sergei@hppi.troitsk.ru NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O KLUWER ACADEMIC-PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0020-4412 J9 INSTRUM EXP TECH+ JI Instrum. Exp. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 47 IS 1 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1023/B:INET.0000017268.47783.79 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 804KD UT WOS:000220296700024 ER PT S AU Wielopolski, L Hoover, RB Mitra, S AF Wielopolski, L Hoover, RB Mitra, S BE Hoover, RB Rozanov, AY TI Search for elemental and mineral biomarkers using inelastic neutron scattering induced gamma spectroscopy SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods and Missions for Astrobiology VII CY AUG 03-04, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE extremophiles; evaporites; biomarkers; carbon; inelastic neutron scattering; gamma spectroscopy ID MONO LAKE; WADI NATRUN; CALIFORNIA AB Life on Earth is characterized by a select group of low Z elements: C, H, N, O, P, K, S, Na, Cl. The presence of these elements and their ratios can provide indications of possible biogenicity and thus they may constitute valuable biomarkers that may help determine the best locations to seek more definitive evidence of life. We discuss the possible applications and significance of the inelastic neutron scattering induced gamma spectroscopy (INSGS) for future Astrobiology Missions to Mars or other solar System bodies. The general requirements and capabilities of the proposed approach are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, ES Dept, Upton, NY 11873 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, ES Dept, Bldg 490D, Upton, NY 11873 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5036-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5163 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.515229 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BY69V UT WOS:000189441600010 ER PT S AU Prettyman, TH Feldman, WC Barraclough, BL Capria, MT Coradini, A Enemark, DC Fuller, KR Lawrence, DJ Patrick, DE Raymond, CA Storms, SA Williford, DC AF Prettyman, TH Feldman, WC Barraclough, BL Capria, MT Coradini, A Enemark, DC Fuller, KR Lawrence, DJ Patrick, DE Raymond, CA Storms, SA Williford, DC BE Nardell, CA Lucey, PG Yee, JH Garvin, JB TI Mapping the elemental composition of Ceres and Vesta: Dawn's gamma ray and neutron detector SO INSTRUMENTS, SCIENCE, AND METHODS FOR GEOSPACE AND PLANETARY REMOTE SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Science and Methods for Geospace and Planetary Remote Sensing CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE DE dawn; asteroids; gamma ray; spectroscopy ID LUNAR-SURFACE; SPECTROMETER; SPECTRA; WATER AB Dawn is a NASA discovery mission that will explore the main belt asteroids (1) Ceres and (4) Vesta. Ceres and Vesta are among the oldest bodies in the solar system and represent very different evolutionary paths. By studying these ancient, complementary asteroids, we will answer fundamental questions about the early solar system and planetary formation processes. The Dawn payload consists of a Framing Camera (FC), a visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIR), and a Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector (GRaND). The instruments provide data needed to investigate the structure, geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the asteroids. GRaND provides the data for the geochemistry investigation, including maps of most major elements and selected radioactive and trace elements. An updated description of the GRaND instrument is given along with the expected performance of GRaND at Vesta and Ceres. Approaches to combine data from FC, VIR and GRaND are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prettyman, TH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; capria, maria teresa/0000-0002-9814-9588; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5621-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5660 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.578551 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBP20 UT WOS:000226859300011 ER PT S AU Asgeirsson, E Berry, J Phillips, CA Phillips, DJ Stein, C Wein, J AF Asgeirsson, E Berry, J Phillips, CA Phillips, DJ Stein, C Wein, J BE Bienstock, D Nemhauser, G TI Scheduling an industrial production facility SO INTEGER PROGRAMMING AND COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization Conference CY JUN 07-11, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Bob& Betty Bixby, IBM, ILOG, Univ Columbia, Fu Fdn Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Math Programming Soc AB Managing an industrial production facility requires carefully allocating limited resources, and gives rise to large, potentially complicated scheduling problems. In this paper we consider a specific instance of such a problem: planning efficient utilization of the facilities and technicians that maintain the United States nuclear stockpile. A detailed study of this problem yields a complicated mixed-integer programming (MIP) model with upward of hundreds of thousands of variables and even more constraints. Consistently and quickly solving such a model exactly is impossible using today's algorithms and computers, and, in addition to branch-and-bound, requires good heuristics and approximation algorithms. In an effort to design such algorithms, we study several different methods of generating good solutions given the solution to the LP relaxation. We design a suite of sample data and test the algorithms. The goals of this project were twofold. First, we wanted to develop a program that could efficiently and accurately help with the Pantex planning problem. Second, we wanted to experimentally test various ideas, designed originally for "cleaner" problems, in this more challenging context. In summary, we demonstrate the value of using alpha-points as a way to quickly and cheaply generate, from one solution of an LP relaxation, many feasible solutions to an integer program. In this particular environment, the use of alpha-points, combined with other heuristics, outperforms local search. We also see the value of finding combinatorially-structured subproblems as opposed to using simple greedy approaches. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept IEOR, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lafayette Coll, Dept Comp Sci, Easton, PA 18042 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Algorithms & Discrete Math Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Akamai Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Asgeirsson, E (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept IEOR, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ea367@columbia.edu; berryjw@cs.lafayette.edu; caphill@sandia.gov; djp80@columbia.edu; cliff@ieor.columbia.edu; wein@mem.poly.edu RI Asgeirsson, Eyjolfur/B-2608-2010 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22113-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3064 BP 116 EP 131 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BAH46 UT WOS:000222230000009 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Lee, HN Zhu, XH Hesse, D Gosele, U AF Lee, SK Lee, HN Zhu, XH Hesse, D Gosele, U TI Reducing azimuthal domains in (100)or (118)-oriented ferroelectric Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 films using off-cut single crystal substrates SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics/5th Korean Workshop on High Dielectric Devices and Materials CY APR 05-08, 2004 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA DE offcut substrates; Bi3.25La0.75TiO12; yttria-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ); azimuthal domains; epitaxial thin films ID SUBSTITUTED BISMUTH TITANATE; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; SI(100) AB La-substituted Bi4Ti3O12 (BLT) epitaxial ferroelectric thin films having a reduced number of azimuthal domains were grown by pulsed laser deposition on offcut yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) single crystal substrates. Crystallographic structure and electrical properties of the films grown on offcut YSZ(l 00) substrates with an offcut angle of 5degrees have been investigated. BLT films grown on [011] offcut YSZ(100) substrates covered with SrRuO3 (110) electrode layers showed a considerably higher reduction of the number of azimuthal domains than those grown on SrRuO3 (110) electrode layers on [001] offcut YSZ. Higher remanent polarization values were measured in BLT films on [011] offcut YSZ(100) substrates, compared to BLT films grown on [001] officut or exactly cut ones, most probably due to the reduced number of azimuthal domain boundaries. C1 Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. RI Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012 OI Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2004 VL 68 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1080/1058458049089409 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 884MT UT WOS:000226090100020 ER PT J AU Kim, DJ Jo, JY So, YW Kang, BS Noh, TW Yoon, JG Song, TK Noh, KH Lee, SS Oh, SH Hong, SK Park, YJ AF Kim, DJ Jo, JY So, YW Kang, BS Noh, TW Yoon, JG Song, TK Noh, KH Lee, SS Oh, SH Hong, SK Park, YJ TI Charge retention loss and its mechanism of (Bi,La)(4)Ti3O12 capacitors SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics/5th Korean Workshop on High Dielectric Devices and Materials CY APR 05-08, 2004 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA DE ferroelectric; BLT; retention; imprint; polarization relaxation ID FILMS AB We investigated the retention properties of BLT capacitors fabricated by a chemical solution deposition with Pt electrodes. BLT capacitors showed an opposite-state retention loss much better than that of PZT capacitor. On the other hand, BLT capacitors showed a large polarization loss of the same-state retention within I hour baking, while the corresponding loss of PZT was negligible. The hysteresis loops after different baking time showed a negligible imprint and a large relaxation of polarization. These behaviors were explained by a high resistance against imprint and a polarization relaxation possibly due to damaged interfacial layers developed by etching process of the BLT capacitors. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, ReCOE & Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Univ Suwon, Dept Phys, Suwon 445743, South Korea. Changwon Natl Univ, Dept Ceram Sci & Engn, Kyungnam 641773, South Korea. Hynix Semicond Inc, Memory R&D Div, Kyunggido 467701, South Korea. RP Noh, TW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Tehcnol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM twnoh@phya.snu.ac.kr RI Kim, Dong Jik/C-4602-2011; Noh, Tae Won /K-9405-2013 OI Kim, Dong Jik/0000-0003-1900-4629; NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2004 VL 67 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1080/10584580490898542 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 884MR UT WOS:000226089900011 ER PT J AU Jung, HS No, JH Park, JS Hong, KS Lee, JK AF Jung, HS No, JH Park, JS Hong, KS Lee, JK TI Ferroelectric properties of highly (111) oriented Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O-3 thin films fabricated using sol-gel process SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics/5th Korean Workshop on High Dielectric Devices and Materials CY APR 05-08, 2004 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA ID SWITCHING KINETICS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MECHANISM; CERAMICS AB The well-crystallized and highly (111)-oriented Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O-3(PZT) thin films were prepared using sol-gel process. The P-V curves and switching current characteristics of PZT thin films were investigated as a function of annealing temperature. With increasing the annealing temperature from 400degreesC to 700degreesC, the P-V hysteresis loop became more rectangular shaped, the remnant and saturated polarizations increased, and the activation field decreased. The remnant polarization (P-r) of the film annealed at 400degreesC and 700degreesC was 23 muC/cm(2) and 29 muC/cm(2), respectively. The switching current behavior depending on the annealing temperature was successfully observed. The value of activation field (alpha) decreased from 422 +/- 27 kV/cm to 339 +/- 28 kV/cm with increasing the annealing temperature. These ferroelectric properties of highly (111)-oriented PZT films were discussed in terms of the change in the grain size and domain configuration. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hong, KS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM kshongss@plaza.snu.ac.kr RI Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2004 VL 67 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1080/10584580490898984 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 884MR UT WOS:000226089900022 ER PT J AU Astafiev, KF Sherman, VO Tagantsev, AK Setter, N Kaydanova, T Ginley, DS AF Astafiev, KF Sherman, VO Tagantsev, AK Setter, N Kaydanova, T Ginley, DS TI Intrinsic and extrinsic loss contributions in SrTiO3 thin films at microwave frequencies SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics/5th Korean Workshop on High Dielectric Devices and Materials CY APR 05-08, 2004 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA DE ferroelectric thin films; dielectric loss; microwave frequencies; quasi-Debye loss mechanism ID PLANAR CAPACITOR; DIELECTRIC LOSS; FERROELECTRICS; DEVICES; BULK; TEMPERATURE AB The behavior of dielectric loss in SrTiO3 thin films at different microwave frequencies under the dc bias voltage applied is analyzed. Two types of differently processed SrTiO3 thin films (as deposited and oxygen-annealed) deposited by the pulse laser deposition technique onto MgO single crystal substrate are investigated. The half-wave microstrip resonator with the resonance frequencies being 8 and 16 GHz at the first and second resonance modes respectively was used for the microwave characterization of the investigated thin films. The experimental data obtained strongly suggest the occurrence of a crossover between different dielectric loss contributions (extrinsic and intrinsic) in the films. The crossover is driven by the dc bias field: at weak fields the loss is governed by an extrinsic mechanism(s) whereas, at higher fields, the contribution of an intrinsic mechanism (dc field-induced quasi-Debye loss) becomes predominant. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the quality of tunable ferroelectric films can be judged from the shape of the field dependence of the loss tangent. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, Ceram Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Astafiev, KF (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, Ceram Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Tagantsev, Alexander/E-3707-2010 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2004 VL 66 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1080/10584580490895077 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 884MP UT WOS:000226089700018 ER PT J AU Shin, S Cho, CR Koo, JM Kim, SP Cho, YJ Park, SH Lee, JH Park, Y Lee, JK Jo, JY Kim, DJ Noh, TW Yoon, JG Kang, BS AF Shin, S Cho, CR Koo, JM Kim, SP Cho, YJ Park, SH Lee, JH Park, Y Lee, JK Jo, JY Kim, DJ Noh, TW Yoon, JG Kang, BS TI Comparison of retention characteristics of Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 (PZT) capacitors fabricated with noble metal electrodes and their oxide electrodes SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics/5th Korean Workshop on High Dielectric Devices and Materials CY APR 05-08, 2004 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA DE FeRAM; retention; PZT; Pt; Ir; IrO2; noble metal; oxide electrode; interface ID THIN-FILM CAPACITORS; POLARIZATION RETENTION; DEPOSITION AB We compared retention characteristics of Pb(ZrTi)O-3 (PZT) capacitors with either noble metal electrodes or their oxide compounds. Very thin PZT films with thickness below 100 nm were deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on It bottom electrodes, and Pt, Ir, IrO2 were covered as top electrodes thereon. The capacitors with IrO2 top electrodes had the better opposite-state retention performance than those with Pt. Ir top electrodes. Inserting IrO2 top electrode affected the alleviation of the size effect more in the aged capacitors than in the virgin capacitors. In addition, we also discuss problems of using IrO2 as a bottom electrode in our PZT capacitors. C1 Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Mat & Devices Lab, Suwon 440600, South Korea. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Puk Gu, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, ReCOE, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Univ Suwon, Dept Phys, Kyonggi Do 445743, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Shin, S (reprint author), Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Mat & Devices Lab, Suwon 440600, South Korea. EM sangmin90.shin@samsung.com RI Kim, Dong Jik/C-4602-2011; Noh, Tae Won /K-9405-2013 OI Kim, Dong Jik/0000-0003-1900-4629; NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2004 VL 64 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1080/10584580490894177 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 884ML UT WOS:000226089300016 ER PT S AU Vawter, GA Bakke, T Mukherjee, S Sullivan, C AF Vawter, GA Bakke, T Mukherjee, S Sullivan, C BE Sidorin, Y Tervonen, A TI Adiabatic mode converters for photonic integrated circuits and devices SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials and Technology VIII CY JAN 26-28, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE integrated optics; adiabatic spot size transformer; taper ridge waveguide; AlGaAs; polymer; photonics ID SPOT-SIZE TRANSFORMER; FIBER COUPLER AB Design details and performance data are presented for (Al,Ga)As and polymeric monolithic tapered rib waveguides achieving modal spot-size transformation for mode-matching from a variety of devices to single-mode optical fiber. 2D expanded output modes of waveguide modulators and lasers are achieved using ID and 2D tapers between non-critical initial and final width 3 well suited for optical lithography. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vawter, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5263-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5355 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1117/12.525867 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BAH99 UT WOS:000222345000013 ER PT S AU Zeng, D Chen, H Tseng, C Larson, C Eidson, M Gotham, I Lynch, C Ascher, M AF Zeng, D Chen, H Tseng, C Larson, C Eidson, M Gotham, I Lynch, C Ascher, M BE Chen, H Zeng, DD Moore, R Leavitt, J TI West Nile virus and botulism portal: A case study in infectious disease informatics SO INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY INFORMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI 2004) CY JUN 10-11, 2004 CL Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ SP San Diego Supercomp Ctr, Tucson Polic Dept, Natl Sci Fdn, Dept Homeland Secur, Intelligence Technol Innovat Ctr, Eller Coll Business & Public Adm, Management Informat Syst Dept, Internet Technol, Commerce & Design Inst, Ctr Management Informat, Mark & Susan Hoffman E-Commerce Lab, NSF COPLINK Ctr Excellence, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Natl Inst Justice, Af Off Sci Res, Silcon Graph HO Univ Arizona AB Information technologies and infectious disease informatics are playing an increasingly important role in preventing, detecting, and managing infectious disease outbreaks. This paper presents a collaborative infectious disease informatics project called the WNV-BOT Portal system. This Portal system provides integrated, Web-enabled access to a variety of distributed data sources related to West Nile Virus and Botulism. It also makes available a preliminary set of data analysis and visualization tools tailored for these two diseases. This system has helped to demonstrate the technological feasibility of developing a cross jurisdiction and cross species infectious disease information infrastructure and identify related technical and policy-related challenges with its national implementation. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Management Informat Syst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. SUNY Albany, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Zeng, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Management Informat Syst, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM zeng@bpa.arizona.edu; hchen@bpa.arizona.edu; chun-ju@bpa.arizona.edu; cal@bpa.arizona.edu; mxe04@health.state.ny.us; ijg01@health.state.ny.us; clynch@dhs.ca.gov; ascher1@llnl.gov; hchen@bpa.arizona.edu RI Zeng, Daniel/A-8072-2012; Zeng, Daniel/B-5888-2013 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22125-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3073 BP 28 EP 41 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAH47 UT WOS:000222231100003 ER PT B AU Patton, RM Potok, TE AF Patton, RM Potok, TE BE Dosch, W Debnath, N TI Adaptive sampling of text documents SO INTELLIGENT AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Intelligent and Adaptive Systems and Software Engineering CY JUL 01-03, 2004 CL Nice, FRANCE SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat DE adaptive sampling; genetic algorithms; information retrieval; text analysis AB There exists an enormous amount of information available via the Internet. Much of this data is in the form of text-based news articles. These articles cover a variety of topics that are vitally important to the scientific, business, and defense/security communities. Currently, there are a many techniques for processing and analyzing such data. However, reducing the amount of information still proves challenging. In this paper, we present a novel approach for providing a representative subset for text documents using adaptive sampling based on a genetic algorithm. We present experimental results that validate our approach. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Patton, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008 MS 6085, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-52-x PY 2004 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BAN92 UT WOS:000223045000009 ER PT S AU Ritchie, RO Zhang, XF De Jonghe, LC AF Ritchie, RO Zhang, XF De Jonghe, LC BE Schuh, CA Kumar, M Carter, CB Randle, V TI On the role of grain-boundary films in optimizing the mechanical properties of silicon carbide ceramics SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties III held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID FATIGUE-CRACK-GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM; CARBON; CREEP; SPECTROSCOPY; THICKNESS; PARTICLES; PHASES; BORON AB Through control of the grain-boundary structure, principally in the nature of the nanoscale intergranular films, a silicon carbide with a fracture toughness as high as 9.1 MPa.m(1/2) has been developed by hot pressing beta-SiC powder with aluminum, boron, and carbon additions (ABC-SiC). Central in this material development has been systematic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mechanical characterizations. In particular, atomic-resolution electron microscopy and nanoprobe composition quantification were combined in analyzing grain boundary structure and nanoscale structural features. Elongated SiC grains with 1 nm-wide amorphous intergranular films were believed to be responsible for the in situ toughening of this material, specifically by mechanisms of crack deflection and grain bridging. Two methods were found to be effective in modifying microstructure and optimizing mechanical performance. First, prescribed post-annealing treatments at temperatures between 1100 and 1500degreesC were seen to cause full crystallization of the amorphous intergranular films and to introduce uniformly dispersed nanoprecipitates within SiC matrix grains; in addition, lattice diffusion of aluminum at elevated temperatures was seen to alter grain-boundary composition. Second, adjusting the nominal content of sintering additives was also observed to change the grain morphology, the grain-boundary structure, and the phase composition of the ABC-SiC. In this regard, the roles of individual additives in developing boundary microstructures were identified; this was demonstrated to be critical in optimizing the mechanical properties, including fracture toughness and fatigue resistance at ambient and elevated temperatures, flexural strength, wear resistance, and creep resistance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-769-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 819 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBA59 UT WOS:000224420200001 ER PT S AU Blobaum, KJM Stolken, JS Kumar, M AF Blobaum, KJM Stolken, JS Kumar, M BE Schuh, CA Kumar, M Carter, CB Randle, V TI Grain boundary engineering of copper shaped-charge SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties III held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CAVITATION; CHARACTER; DUCTILITY C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Blobaum, KJM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-769-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 819 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBA59 UT WOS:000224420200006 ER PT S AU Bruemmer, SM AF Bruemmer, SM BE Schuh, CA Kumar, M Carter, CB Randle, V TI Linking grain boundary structure and composition to intergranular stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties III held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID WATER; 304-STAINLESS-STEEL; SEGREGATION; CHARACTER; ALLOYS AB Grain boundary structure and composition is assessed in austenitic stainless steels along with its influence on intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCQ in high-temperature water. Brief examples are presented illustrating effects of grain boundary character and segregation on behavior in specific light-water-reactor environments. Although grain boundary engineering can produce an increased fraction of "special" boundaries in austenitic stainless alloys, practical benefits depend on the boundary orientation distribution. It is critical to recognize that only Sigma3s appear to be more resistant to SCC and the behavior of other low Sigma boundaries is uncertain. Grain boundary composition can have a dominant effect on IGSCC under certain conditions, but altered interfacial chemistry is not required for cracking. In high-potential oxidizing environments, IGSCC susceptibility is a direct function of the boundary Cr concentration. Non-equilibrium thermal segregation of Cr and Mo is often present in mill-annealed stainless steels and may influence cracking susceptibility. This initial grain boundary composition alters subsequent radiation-induced segregation and delays irradiation-assisted SCC susceptibility to higher doses. Other alloying elements and impurities in 300-series stainless steels have been seen to enrich grain boundaries, but few have any significant impact on IGSCC susceptibility. One exception is Si that strongly segregates during irradiation. Recent results suggest that Si may accelerate crack propagation in both low- and high-potential water environments. Critical research is still needed to isolate individual grain boundary characteristics and quantitatively link them to IGSCC. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Bruemmer, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-769-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 819 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBA59 UT WOS:000224420200011 ER PT S AU Merkle, KL Thompson, LJ Phillipp, F AF Merkle, KL Thompson, LJ Phillipp, F BE Schuh, CA Kumar, M Carter, CB Randle, V TI Dynamics of grain boundary motion at the atomic level SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties III held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MIGRATION RATE; METALS; DISLOCATIONS; SIMULATION; ALUMINUM AB Grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline materials play a pivotal role in controlling their mechanical and physical behavior. High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) was used to study thermally activated GB migration in thin films of Al and Au at elevated temperatures (T > 0.5 T-m). Grain boundary engineering via epitaxial templating allowed the manufacture of well-defined grain and interfacial geometries. These techniques enabled the observation of tilt, but also twist and general GBs at atomic resolution in-situ at high temperatures. Surface-energy driven GB migration occurred in general GBs, whereas tilt GB motion was curvature driven. Digital analysis of HREM video recordings have given considerable insight in the dynamics of GB motion at elevated temperatures. It is not surprising that the complex and diverse migration mechanisms depend on GB geometry as well as on interatomic interactions. The results provide, among others, direct evidence for collective effects by concerted atomic shuffles, ledge propagation in (113) symmetric tilt GBs, and motions of triple junctions at elevated temperatures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Merkle, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-769-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 819 BP 191 EP 202 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBA59 UT WOS:000224420200024 ER PT S AU Reed, BW Kumar, M AF Reed, BW Kumar, M BE Schuh, CA Kumar, M Carter, CB Randle, V TI Stereological corrections for grain boundary number fractions in three dimensions SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties III held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID STATISTICS; NETWORKS AB Two-dimensional (2D) cross sections through three-dimensional (3D) polycrystalline materials present a biased picture of the statistical properties of grain boundary networks. These properties are essential to many practical applications such as grain boundary engineering. We show a simple correction that will partly correct for the sampling biases by removing the effect of the correlation between grain boundary type and grain boundary area. This correction alters number fraction estimates by as much as similar to60% for 13 boundaries in the highly-twinned copper samples we consider. We also estimate the bias introduced by the correlation between boundary type and boundary shape, which for many materials represents perhaps a 10% shift in the measured statistics, so that the simple method we propose should correct for the majority of the bias in favorable cases. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reed, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Reed, Bryan/C-6442-2013 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-769-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 819 BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBA59 UT WOS:000224420200034 ER PT S AU Seppala, ET Reed, BW Kumar, M Minich, RW Rudd, RE AF Seppala, ET Reed, BW Kumar, M Minich, RW Rudd, RE BE Schuh, CA Kumar, M Carter, CB Randle, V TI Roughness scaling of fracture surfaces in polycrystalline materials SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES III SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties III held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-15, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The roughness scaling of fracture surfaces in two-dimensional grain boundary networks is studied numerically. Grain boundary networks are created using a Metropolis method in order to mimic the triple junction distributions from experiments. Fracture surfaces through these grain boundary networks are predicted using a combinatorial optimization method of maximum flow - minimum cut type. We have preliminary results from system sizes up to N = 22500 grains suggesting that the roughness scaling of these surfaces follows a random elastic manifold scaling exponent zeta = 2/3. We propose a strong dependence between the energy needed to create a crack and the special boundary fraction. Also the special boundaries at the crack and elsewhere in the system can be tracked. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-415, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Reed, Bryan/C-6442-2013 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-769-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 819 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BBA59 UT WOS:000224420200036 ER PT S AU Richards, RK AF Richards, RK BE Creath, K Schmit, J TI Quantum-entangled photon interferometry SO INTERFEROMETRY XII: TECHNIQUES AND ANALYSIS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry XII - Techniques and Analysis CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Colorado Photon Ind Assoc DE quantum entangled; interferometer AB A two-color quanturri-entangled photon source is used to produce fourth-order interference. Because the period of the interference is produced by the frequency difference of the entangled photons, problems associated with counting fringes can be avoided. This also permits measurements at a virtual wavelength, which can prevent problems associated with transmission or absorption when such a longer wavelength may be needed. The interference wavelength can be varied with a geometry change in the beam path without any change in the source wavelength. The entangled photons are produced using an argon ion laser of at 351 nanometers and a type I BBO crystal. The interference is detected in coincidence using four photomultiplier tubes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Richards, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5469-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5531 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.559687 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BAY02 UT WOS:000224154100003 ER PT S AU Bingham, PR Tobin, KW Hanson, GR Simpson, JT AF Bingham, PR Tobin, KW Hanson, GR Simpson, JT BE Creath, K Schmit, J TI Spatial heterodyne interferometry techniques and applications in semiconductor wafer manufacturing SO INTERFEROMETRY XII: TECHNIQUES AND ANALYSIS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry XII - Techniques and Analysis CY AUG 02-03, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Colorado Photon Ind Assoc DE spatial heterodyne interferometry; wafer inspection; mask inspection; mask metrology; photolithography AB Spatial heterodyning is an interferometric technique that allows a full complex optical wavefront to be recorded and quickly reconstructed with a single image capture. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has combined a highspeed, image capture technique with a Fourier reconstruction algorithm to produce a method for recovery of both the phase and magnitude of the optical wavefront. Single frame spatial heterodyne interferometry (SHI) enables high-speed inspection applications such as those needed in the semiconductor industry. While the wide range of materials on wafers make literal interpretation of surface topology difficult, the wafers contain multiple copies of the same die and die-to-die comparisons are used to locate defects in high-aspect-ratio structures such as contacts, vias, and trenches that are difficult to detect with other optical techniques. Metrology with SIR has also been investigated by ORNL, in particular the use of SHI to perform metrology of line widths and heights on photolithographic masks for semiconductor wafer production. Several types of masks are currently in use with phase shifting techniques being employed to extend the wafer printing resolution. With the ability to measure the phase of the wavefront, SIR allows a more complete inspection and measurement of the phase shifting regions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bingham, PR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Bingham, Philip/0000-0003-4616-6084 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5469-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5531 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1117/12.560423 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BAY02 UT WOS:000224154100033 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Pike, LM AF Schneibel, JH Pike, LM TI A technique for measuring thermal vacancy concentrations in stoichiometric FeAl SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE iron alummides (based on FeAl); thermal properties; thermodynamic properties; defects point defects, vacancies; diffraction (X-ray) ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND FEAL; ORDERED COMPOUNDS; DEFECT STRUCTURE; ALUMINIDES; AL; MIGRATION; HARDNESS; B2-FEAL; ENERGY; ALLOYS AB A technique for measuring thermal vacancy concentrations in FeAl is described. The densities of specimens quenched from different temperatures (to freeze in the thermal vacancies) were obtained from room temperature lattice parameter and bulk density measurements. The two sets of density data were extrapolated to a quenching temperature of 0 K and adjusted to match at that temperature. From the adjusted density values the vacancy concentrations were calculated as a function of temperature. The vacancy formation enthalpy for stoichiometric FeAl was found to be (0.51+/-0.14) eV. A comparison with published experimental and theoretical formation enthalpies showed considerable uncertainty in measuring and interpreting the formation energy. As a result, the formation energy for thermal vacancies in stoichiometric FeAl is believed to be somewhere between 0.5 and 0.8 eV. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Haynes Int Inc, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schneibeljh@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2003.09.003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 764WK UT WOS:000188228800011 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Munroe, PR AF Schneibel, JH Munroe, PR TI On the path dependence of the thermal vacancy concentration in stoichiometric FeAl SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE iron alummides (based on FeAl); thermal properties, thermodynamic properties; defects; point defects, vacancies ID ALUMINIDES; AL; MIGRATION; HARDNESS AB Bulk density and dilatometer measurements were carried out for stoichiometric iron aluminide (FeAl) in order to determine the thermal vacancy concentrations as a function of time and temperature. For temperatures of 600 degreesC and below the specimen bulk density or length were found to depend on heat treatment history, i.e., they were not unique functions of the temperature. This path dependence suggests a lack of active sources and sinks for thermal vacancies in FeAl at temperatures below approximate to600 degreesC. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schneibeljh@ornl.gov RI Munroe, Paul/I-9313-2016 OI Munroe, Paul/0000-0002-5091-2513 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 1 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2003.09.004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 764WK UT WOS:000188228800015 ER PT B AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ BE Suganuma, H Ishii, N Oka, M Enyo, H Hatsuda, T Kunihiro, T Yazaki, K TI Conformal aspects of QCD SO International Conference on Color Confinement and Hadrons in Quantum Chromodynamics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Color Confinement and Hadrons in Quantum Chromodynamics CY JUL 21-24, 2003 CL Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, JAPAN HO Inst Phys & Chem Res ID PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; LIGHT-FRONT DYNAMICS; HADRONIC TAU-DECAYS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ANGLE SCATTERING; SCALING LAWS; GLUON; BEHAVIOR; GAUGE AB Theoretical and phenomenological evidence is now accumulating that the QCD coupling becomes constant at small virtuality; i.e., alpha(s)(Q(2)) develops an infrared fixed point in contradiction to the usual assumption of singular growth in the infrared. For example, the hadronic decays of the tau lepton can be used to determine the effective charge alpha(tau)(m(tau)(2),) for a hypothetical tau-lepton with mass in the range 0 < m(tau') < m(tau). The tau decay data at low mass scales indicates that the effective charge freezes at a value of s = m(tau)(2), of order 1 GeV2 with a magnitude alpha(tau) similar to 0.9 +/- 0.1. The near-constant behavior of effective couplings suggests that QCD can be approximated as a conformal theory even at relatively small momentum transfer and why there are no significant running coupling corrections to quark counting rules for exclusive processes. The AdS/CFT correspondence of large N-C supergravity theory in higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter space with supersymmetric QCD in 4-dimensional space-time also has interesting implications for hadron phenomenology in the conformal limit, including an all-orders demonstration of counting rules for exclusive processes and light-front wavefunctions. The utility of light-front quantization and light-front Fock wavefunctions for analyzing nonperturbative QCD and representing the dynamics of QCD bound states is also discussed. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-781-1 PY 2004 BP 164 EP 175 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL81 UT WOS:000229952300012 ER PT B AU Blum, T AF Blum, T BE Suganuma, H Ishii, N Oka, M Enyo, H Hatsuda, T Kunihiro, T Yazaki, K TI Lattice calculation of the lowest order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment: An update with Kogut-Susskind fermions SO International Conference on Color Confinement and Hadrons in Quantum Chromodynamics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Color Confinement and Hadrons in Quantum Chromodynamics CY JUL 21-24, 2003 CL Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, JAPAN HO Inst Phys & Chem Res ID POLARIZATION AB I present a preliminary calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization for 2+1 flavors of improved Kogut-Susskind quarks by utilizing a set of gauge configurations recently generated by the MILC collaboration. The polarization function II(q(2)) is then used to calculate the lowest order (in alpha(QED)) hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blum, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-781-1 PY 2004 BP 262 EP 273 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL81 UT WOS:000229952300020 ER PT B AU Wang, XN AF Wang, XN BE Suganuma, H Ishii, N Oka, M Enyo, H Hatsuda, T Kunihiro, T Yazaki, K TI Jet tomography of hot and dense matter SO International Conference on Color Confinement and Hadrons in Quantum Chromodynamics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Color Confinement and Hadrons in Quantum Chromodynamics CY JUL 21-24, 2003 CL Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, JAPAN HO Inst Phys & Chem Res ID PARTON ENERGY-LOSS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; SCATTERING; NUCLEI; DISTRIBUTIONS; A+A AB Recent experimental measurements of high p(T) hadron spectra and jet correlation at RHIC are analyzed within a parton model which incoporates initial jet production and final propagation in heavy-ion collisions. The suppresion of single hadron spectra, back-to-back correlation, their centrality dependence and azimuthal anisotropy point to a dense matter with an initial parton density about 30 times of that in a cold heavy nucleus. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-781-1 PY 2004 BP 307 EP 320 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL81 UT WOS:000229952300023 ER PT B AU Chassin, DP Posse, C Malard, J AF Chassin, DP Posse, C Malard, J BE Savoie, M Chu, HW Michael, J Pace, P TI Managing complexity SO International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies, Vol 6, Post-Conference Issue, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004) CY AUG 14-17, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Univ Texas Austin, Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ DE complex systems; statistical mechanics ID CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; DYNAMICS; MODEL; CRITICALITY; NETWORKS; ENTROPY AB Physical analogs have shown considerable promise for understanding the behavior of complex adaptive systems, including macroeconomics, biological systems, social networks, and electric power markets. Many of today's most challenging technical and policy questions can be reduced to a distributed economic control problem. Indeed, economically-based control of large-scale systems is founded on the conjecture that the price-based regulation (e.g., auctions, markets) results in an optimal allocation of resources and emergent optimal system control. This paper explores the state of the art in the use physical analogs for understanding the behavior of some econophysical systems and deriving stable and robust control strategies for them. In particular we review and discuss applications of some analytic methods based on the thermodynamic metaphor according to which the interplay between system entropy and conservation laws gives rise to intuitive and governing global properties of complex systems that cannot be otherwise understood. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chassin, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-17-5 PY 2004 BP 102 EP 108 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBV09 UT WOS:000227984100019 ER PT B AU Conzelmann, G Boyd, G Cirillo, R Koritarov, V Macal, C North, M Thimmapuram, P Veselka, T AF Conzelmann, G Boyd, G Cirillo, R Koritarov, V Macal, C North, M Thimmapuram, P Veselka, T BE Savoie, M Chu, HW Michael, J Pace, P TI Analyzing the potential for market power using an agent-based modeling approach: Results of a detailed US power market simulation SO International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies, Vol 6, Post-Conference Issue, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies (CCCT 2004) CY AUG 14-17, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Univ Texas Austin, Int Inst Informat & System, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Inter Amer Org Higher Educ DE agent-based modeling; complex adaptive systems; power market simulation; market power AB This paper presents the use of a novel agent-based modeling approach to simulate restructured power markets and identify the potential for market power of individual market participants in the midwestern United States. Multiple and diverse market participants or "agents" are each represented with their own unique set of business and bidding strategies, risk preferences, objectives, and decision rules. The success of an agent is a function not only of its own decisions and actions, but also of the decisions and actions of other market participants. Since minimal amounts of local information are shared among participants, agent decisions are made without either perfect knowledge or certainty. In addition, market agents learn from past experience and change, adapting their behavior when future opportunities arise. With this new approach, analysts can capture and investigate the complex interactions between the physical infrastructures, that is, generation, transmission, and distribution, and the economic behavior of market participants that are a trademark of the newly emerging markets. The model does this by representing the transmission grid in detail and simulating the market operation on a chronological, hourly basis. The paper discusses how this approach is currently used to analyze future power markets in a region in the midwestern U.S. and presents some initial results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Conzelmann, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 980-6560-17-5 PY 2004 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBV09 UT WOS:000227984100020 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, James G. TI Modeling High-Frequency Acoustic Velocities in Patchy and Partially Saturated Porous Rock using Differential Effective Medium Theory SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE effective medium theory; differential scheme; fluid effects; partial saturation AB Differential effective medium (DEM) theory is applied here to the problem of modeling physical properties of poroelastic media that are partially saturated with liquid. Typical fluid saturants are air and water, or gas and oil. If the liquid and gas saturants are homogeneously mixed, then we say the medium is partially saturated. If the liquid and gas saturants are very poorly mixed, so each constituent occupies separate, but contiguous, regions of the porous medium, we say the medium has patchy saturation. Some examples are presented to show that a reasonable approach to modeling the effects of patchy saturation at high frequencies (200 kHz and above) is produced by treating the medium as if it were an homogenized mixture of gas-saturated and liquid-saturated parts that are homogeneously mixed together. Estimates of the properties for partial saturation are obtained using differential effective medium theory. The results for patchy saturation differ dramatically from those predicted by Gassmann's equations for homogeneous mixing of the fluids in individual pores. In particular, the shear modulus depends on the elastic properties of the fluid constituents, unlike the quasi-static behavior predicted by Gassmann. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48]; Geosciences Research Program of the DOE Office of Energy Research within the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences FX I thank Bill Murphy and Rosemarie Knight for providing access to their unpublished data files. I thank Pat Berge and Brian Bonner for helpful suggestions on the approach, and Morgan Brown for corrections to the manuscript. Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-ENG-48 and supported specifically by the Geosciences Research Program of the DOE Office of Energy Research within the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1543-1649 EI 1940-4352 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 1 BP 115 EP 131 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v2.i1.80 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V26NT UT WOS:000208553000008 ER PT J AU Rudd, RE AF Rudd, Robert E. TI Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics for Computer Modeling of Nanomechanical Systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Unique challenges for computer modeling and simulation arise in the course of the development and design of nanoscale mechanical systems. Materials often exhibit unconventional behavior at the nanoscale that can affect device operation and failure. This uncertainty poses a problem because of the limited experimental characterization at these ultrasmall length scales. In this paper, toe give an overview of how toe have used concurrent multiscale modeling techniques to address some of these issues. Of particular interest are the dynamic and temperature-dependent processes found in nanomechanical systems. We focus on the behavior of sub-micron mechanical components of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems (NEMS), especially flexural-mode resonators. The concurrent multiscale methodology we have developed for NEMS employs an atomistic description of millions of atoms in relatively small but key regions of the system, coupled to, and run concurrently with, a generalized finite element model of the periphery. We describe two such techniques. The more precise model, Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD), describes the dynamics on a mesh of elements, but the equations of motion are built up from the underlying atomistic physics to ensure a smooth coupling between regions governed by different length scales. In many cases the degrees of smoothness of the coupling provided by CGMD is not necessary. The hybrid Coupling of Length Scales methodology, combining molecular dynamics with conventional finite element modeling, provides a suitable technique for these cases at a greatly reduced computation expense. We review these models and some of the results we have obtained regarding size effects in the elasticity and dissipation of nanomechanical systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, L-045, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM robert.rudd@llnl.gov OI Rudd, Robert/0000-0002-6632-2681 FU DARPA; LLNL; U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX We gratefully acknowledge the important contributions of Jeremy Broughton, with whom this work was begun. We thank DARPA for initial funding of the MEMS research, and we thank LLNL for funding of the nanomechanics work under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 77 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 2 BP 203 EP 220 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v2.i2.30 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V26NU UT WOS:000208553100004 ER PT J AU Pebay, PP Najm, HN Pousin, JG AF Pebay, P. P. Najm, H. N. Pousin, J. G. TI A Non Split Projection Strategy for Low Mach Number Flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE low Mach number flow; projection schemes; differential algebraic equations; DAE; half explicit method; HEM; modified Kaps problem AB In the context of the direct numerical simulation of low Mach number reacting,flows, the aim of this article is to propose a new approach based on the integration of the original differential-algebraic equation (DAE) system of governing equations, without further differentiation. In order to do so while preserving a possibility of easy parallelization, it is proposed to use a one-step index 2 DAE time integrator, the Half Explicit Method (HEM). In this context, we recall why the low Mach number approximation belongs to the class of index 2 DAEs and discuss why the pressure can be associated with the constraint. We then focus on a fourth-order HEM scheme and provide a formulation that makes its implementation more convenient. Practical details about the consistency of initial conditions are discussed prior to focusing on the implicit solve involved in the method. The method is then evaluated using the Modified Kaps Problem, since it has some of the features of the low Mach number approximation. Numerical results are presented, confirming the validity of the strategy. A brief summary of ongoing efforts is finally provided. C1 [Pebay, P. P.; Najm, H. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94451 USA. [Pousin, J. G.] Inst Natl Sci Appl, UMR 5585, CNRS, MAPLY, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. RP Pebay, PP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9051, Livermore, CA 94451 USA. EM pppebay@ca.sandia.gov OI Pebay, Philippe/0000-0002-2311-3775 FU U. St. Dep. of Energy, Office of Defense Programs; U. St. Dep. of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences, Sci-DAC Computational Chemistry Program FX P.P. Pebay and H.N. Najm were supported by the U. St. Dep. of Energy, Office of Defense Programs and Office of Basic Sciences, Sci-DAC Computational Chemistry Program. The authors would like to thank E. Hairer and C.A. Kennedy for their patience in the face of numerous questions and for their price-less comments. This article also benefited greatly from discussions with B. Debusschere and G. Wanner. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 3 BP 445 EP 460 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v2.i3.60 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V26NV UT WOS:000208553200006 ER PT J AU Singh, P Minh, NQ AF Singh, P Minh, NQ TI Solid oxide fuel cells: Technology status SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM-DOPED LAGAO3; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SOFC APPLICATIONS; ION CONDUCTOR; ELECTROLYTES; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODES; TRANSPORT; ANODE AB In its most common configuration, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) uses an oxygen-ion conducting ceramic electrolyte membrane, perovskite cathode, and nickel cermet anode electrode. Cells operate in the 600-1000 degrees C temperature range and utilize metallic or ceramic current collectors for cell-to-cell interconnection. Recent developments in engineered electrode architectures, component materials chemistry, cell and stack designs, and fabrication processes have led to significant improvements in the electrical performance and performance stability as well as reduction in the operating temperature of such cells. Large kW-size power-generation systems have been designed and field demonstrated. This paper reviews the status of SOFC power-generation systems with emphasis on cell and stack component materials, electrode reactions, materials reactions, and corrosion processes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. GE Power Syst, Torrance, CA 90502 USA. RP Singh, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 NR 58 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 9 U2 59 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 914PI UT WOS:000228239500001 ER PT J AU Wilkins, M Landingham, RL AF Wilkins, M Landingham, RL TI Prologue SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilkins, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 3 BP 203 EP 204 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 914PO UT WOS:000228240100001 ER PT J AU Weiss, JD AF Weiss, JD TI Ideal operational amplifiers: a circuit for which gain still matters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB Presented here is a simple circuit involving ideal operational amplifiers that we have not located in any standard electronics textbook. Analyzing it using standard methods leads to an indeterminacy that can only be resolved by re-examining the jundamental assumption of infinite gain associated with such amplifiers. A re-examination of standard assumptions in an altered context is always educational, in this case for undergraduate students of electronic circuits. A proposed use for this circuit as a reliability tool is also discussed, and its associated analysis is an instructive exercise in itself. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weiss, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 1081,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jdweiss@Sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DUBLIN PA DUBLIN INST TECHNOLOGY, BOLTON ST, DUBLIN, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 514 EP 517 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 831PG UT WOS:000222206200029 ER PT J AU Geernaert, G Zlatev, Z AF Geernaert, G Zlatev, Z TI Studying the influence of biogenic emissions on AOT40 levels in Europe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Large-scale Scientific Computations CY JUN 04-08, 2003 CL Sozopol, BULGARIA DE air pollution models; AOT40 values; biogenic emissions; ozone levels; scenarios; volatile organic compounds AB It is well known that the uncertainties in determination of biogenic emissions are very large (some authors claim that these emissions are underestimated in certain areas of the world by up to ten times). On the other hand, anthropogenic emissions in some areas of the world have been reduced very considerably during the last two decades (this is especially true for Europe). This fact shows clearly that the importance of biogenic emissions is increasing, because the ratio of biogenic emissions to total emissions, where the total emissions are equal to the sum of biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, is increasing. It is, therefore, necessary to study carefully the sensitivity of pollution levels to variations of biogenic emissions. A long series of runs with different scenarios, in which both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions were varied, has been performed. The influence of both types of emission on AOT40 values, which have damaging effects on corns when certain critical values are exceeded, was studied. The results show clearly that biogenic emissions must also be taken into account when control strategies are developed for reducing anthropogenic emissions in order either to reduce some high pollution levels to prescribed critical levels or to keep them below the critical levels. C1 Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Atmospher Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Geernaert, G (reprint author), Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Atmospher Environm, Frederiksborgvej 399,POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM geernaert@lanl.gov; zz@dmu.dk NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 42 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 864MR UT WOS:000224638100004 ER PT J AU Gall, K Biallas, G Maier, HJ Gullett, P Horstemeyer, MF McDowell, DL Fan, JH AF Gall, K Biallas, G Maier, HJ Gullett, P Horstemeyer, MF McDowell, DL Fan, JH TI In-situ observations of high cycle fatigue mechanisms in cast AM60B magnesium in vacuum and water vapor environments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article ID CRACK GROWTH; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; ALLOY; SEM; ALUMINUM; AZ91D; 2024-T351 AB We present in Situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations regarding the formation and propagation of small fatigue cracks in cast AM60B magnesium. Using an environmental SEM, observations were made in vacuum and in the presence of water vapor at 20 Torr. In the vacuum environment, fatigue cracks in the magnesium formed preferentially at pores, sometimes precluded by observable cyclic slip accumulation. At higher cycle numbers in the vacuum environment, additional cracks were discovered to initiate at persistent slip bands within relatively large magnesium dendrite cells. The propagation behavior of small fatigue cracks (a < 6-10 dendrite cells) was found to depend strongly on both environment and microstructure. Small fatigue cracks in the magnesium cycled under vacuum were discovered to propagate along interdendritic regions, along crystallographic planes, and through the dendrite cells. The preference to choose a given path is driven by the presence of microporosity, persistent slip bands, and slip incompatibilities between adjacent dendrite cells. Fatigue cracks formed more rapidly at certain locations in the water vapor environment compared to the vacuum environment, leading to a smaller total number of cracks in the water vapor environment. The majority of small cracks in magnesium cycled in the water vapor environment propagated straight through the dendrite cells, at a faster rate than the cracks in the vacuum. In the water vapor environment, cracks were observed to grow less frequently through interdendritic regions. even in the presence of microporosity, and cracks did not grow via persistent slip bands. The propagation behavior of slightly larger fatigue cracks (a > 6-10 dendrite cells) was found to be Mode I-dominated in both environments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Paderborn, Lehrstuhl Werkstoffkunde Mat Sci, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Alfred Univ, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. RP Gall, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD JAN PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00079-3 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 747YX UT WOS:000186835100006 ER PT J AU Tchikanda, SW Nilson, RH Griffiths, SK AF Tchikanda, SW Nilson, RH Griffiths, SK TI Modeling of pressure and shear-driven flows in open rectangular microchannels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE heat pipes; microchannel flow; fluid friction ID TRIANGULAR MICROGROOVES; LAMINAR-FLOW; GROOVES; LIQUID; CAPILLARY; VAPOR AB Analytical expressions are derived for the mean velocity of a liquid flowing in an open rectangular microchannel. Solutions are decomposed into additive components driven by pressure gradients and by shear stresses on the liquid/vapor interface. Speeds are computed numerically for meniscus contact angles ranging from 0degrees to 90degrees, arbitrary channel aspect ratios, and for wetting regimes ranging from liquid-full to nearly-dry corner flows. These numerical results are used to guide the development of several analytical expressions that apply in asymptotic limits of fluid depth and contact angle. The resulting asymptotes are then blended analytically to obtain relatively simple, accurate, and comprehensive expressions for the mean velocity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Fluid Thermal Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tchikanda, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Fluid Thermal Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 527 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.ijmasstransfer.2003.03.001 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 759KZ UT WOS:000187738000010 ER PT J AU Mescheryakov, YI Divakov, AK Petrov, YA Cline, CF AF Mescheryakov, YI Divakov, AK Petrov, YA Cline, CF TI On the dynamic plasticity and strength of polycrystalline beryllium SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE plastic instability; spallation; velocity dispersion; brittle and ductile failure AB Dynamic deformation and failure behavior of polycrystalline beryllium under uniaxial strain conditions within impactor velocity range of 16-285 m/s are studied by using a light gas gun facility. In the majority of experiments the thicknesses of target and impactor were adjusted to provide spallation. It is found that dynamic failure in tension during spallation is strongly dependent on the plastic instability threshold under compression at the front of compressive pulse. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Mech Engn Problems, St Petersburg 199178, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94506 USA. RP Mescheryakov, YI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Mech Engn Problems, VO Bolshoi 61, St Petersburg 199178, Russia. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(03)00058-7 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 747YV UT WOS:000186834900002 ER PT J AU Wang, M Lee, H Molburg, J AF Wang, M Lee, H Molburg, J TI Allocation of energy use in petroleum refineries to petroleum products - Implications for life-cycle energy use and emission inventory of petroleum transportation fuels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE allocation methods; energy use of petroleum refining; life cycle assessment; petroleum products; petroleum refining; petroleum transportation fuels AB Aim, Scope, and Background. Studies to evaluate the energy and emission impacts of vehicle/fuel systems have to address allocation of the energy use and emissions associated with petroleum refineries to various petroleum products because refineries produce multiple products. The allocation is needed in evaluating energy and emission effects of individual transportation fuels. Allocation methods used so far for petroleum-based fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel, and liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]) are based primarily on mass, energy content, or market value shares of individual fuels from a given refinery. The aggregate approach at the refinery level is unable to account for the energy use and emission differences associated with producing individual fuels at the next sub-level: individual refining processes within a refinery. The approach ignores the fact that different refinery products go through different processes within a refinery. Allocation at the subprocess level (i.e., the refining process level) instead of at the aggregate process level (i.e., the refinery level) is advocated by the International Standard Organization. In this study, we seek a means of allocating total refinery energy use among various refinery products at the level of individual refinery processes. Main Features. We present a petroleum refinery-process based approach to allocating energy use in a petroleum refinery to petroleum refinery products according to mass, energy content, and market value share of final and intermediate petroleum products as they flow through refining processes within a refinery. The approach is based on energy and mass balance among refining processes within a petroleum refinery. By using published energy and mass balance data for a simplified U.S. refinery, we developed a methodology and used it to allocate total energy use within a refinery to various petroleum products. The approach accounts for energy use during individual refining processes by tracking product stream mass and energy use within a refinery. The energy use associated with an individual refining process is then distributed to product streams by using the mass, energy content, or market value share of each product stream as the weighting factors. Results. The results from this study reveal that product-specific energy use based on the refinery process-level allocation differs considerably from that based on the refinery-level allocation. We calculated well-to-pump total energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for gasoline, diesel, LPG, and naphtha with the refinery process-based allocation approach. For gasoline, the efficiency estimated from the refinery-level allocation underestimates gasoline energy use, relative to the process-level-based gasoline efficiency. For diesel fuel, the well-to- pump energy use for the process-level allocations with the mass- and energy-content-based weighting factors is smaller than that predicted with the refinery-level allocations. However, the process-level allocation with the market-value-based weighting factors has results very close to those obtained by using the refinery-level allocations. For LPG, the refinery-level allocation significantly overestimates LPG energy use. For naphtha, the refinery-level allocation overestimates naphtha energy use. The GHG emission patterns for each of the fuels are similar to those of energy use. Conclusions. We presented a refining-process-level-based method that can be used to allocate energy use of individual refining processes to refinery products. The process-level-based method captures process-dependent characteristics of fuel production within a petroleum refinery. The method starts with the mass and energy flow chart of a refinery, tracks energy use by individual refining processes, and distributes energy use of a given refining process to products from the process. In allocating energy use to refinery products, the allocation method could rely on product mass, product energy contents, or product market values as weighting factors. While the mass- and energy-content based allocation methods provide an engineering perspective of energy allocation within a refinery, the market-value-based allocation method provides an economic perspective. The results from this study show that energy allocations at the aggregate refinery level and at the refining process level could make a difference in evaluating the energy use and emissions associated with individual petroleum products. Furthermore, for the refining-process-level allocation method, use of mass - energy content - or market value share-based weighting factors could lead to different results for diesel fuels, LPG, and naphtha. We suggest that, when possible, energy use allocations should be made at the lowest subprocess level - a confirmation of the recommendation by the International Standard Organization for life cycle analyses. Outlook. The allocation of energy use in petroleum refineries at the refining process level in this study follows the recommendation of ISO 14041 that allocations should be accomplished at the subprocess level when possible. We developed a method in this study that can be readily adapted for refineries in which process-level energy and mass balance data are available. The process-level allocation helps reveal some additional energy and emission burdens associated with certain refinery products that are otherwise overlooked with the refinery-level allocation. When possible, process-level allocation should be used in life-cycle analyses. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mqwang@anl.gov NR 11 TC 107 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 40 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0948-3349 J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1065/lca2003.07.129 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 767QY UT WOS:000188465200005 ER PT J AU Kadau, K Germann, TC Lomdahl, PS AF Kadau, K Germann, TC Lomdahl, PS TI Large-scale molecular-dynamics simulation of 19 billion particles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE large-scale; molecular-dynamics simulations; data analysis; sphere rendering ID WORLDS FASTEST COMPUTER; MATERIALS FAILURE; SHOCK-WAVES; ATOMS AB We have performed parallel large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations on the QSC-machine at Los Alamos. The good scalability of the SPaSM code is demonstrated together with its capability of efficient data analysis for enormous system sizes up to 19 000 416 964 particles. Furthermore, we introduce a newly-developed graphics package that renders in a very efficient parallel way a huge number of spheres necessary for the visualization of atomistic simulations. These abilities pave the way for future atomistic large-scale simulations of physical problems with system sizes on the mu-scale. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kadau, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kkadau@lanl.gov; tcg@lanl.gov; pxl@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD JAN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 1 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1142/S0129183104005590 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 833MV UT WOS:000222342500012 ER PT J AU Vayssieres, L AF Vayssieres, Lionel TI On the design of advanced metal oxide nanomaterials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE 3-D array; nanostructures; nanocomposite; thin films; nanorod; nanowire; interfacial tension; thermodynamic stability; aqueous solution AB A novel growth concept and low-temperature aqueous chemical growth (ACG) thin film processing technique are presented that aim to contribute to the rational fabrication of smart and functional metal oxide particulate thin films and coatings.. Such purpose-built materials are modelled, designed, and engineered to match the physical, chemical. and structural requirements of their applications. The concept involves a thermodynamic model monitoring, the nucleation, growth. and ageing, processes via the chemical and electrostatic control of the interfacial free energy of the system. It enables the control of the size of nano-, meso-, and micro-crystallites, their surface morphology, their orientations onto substrates as well as their crystal structure. The templateless and surfactant-free aqueous synthesis method allows to generate, at large-scale, low-cost, and mild temperatures, advanced metal oxides thin films with designed complexity. It features two- and three-dimensional (patterned) arrays and nanocomposites of transition metal oxides consisting of various isotropic and anisotropic building-blocks with advanced architectures. Such materials are designed to develop a new generation of metal oxide-based composites for optical, optoelectronic, magnetic, and sensor devices. C1 [Vayssieres, Lionel] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Vayssieres, Lionel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vayssieres, L (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM LVayssieres@LBL.gov FU Pierre & Marie Curie University in Paris; Swedish material research consortium on clusters and Ultrafine particles (NUTEK-SSF); Departments of Physics and Physical Chemistry; Gustavsson foundation for research in Natural Science and Medicine; Swedish International Development & Cooperation Agency (SIDA); US Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Chemical Sciences Division [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Texas Materials Institute [F-1524] FX The work described in this article was supported by the Pierre & Marie Curie University in Paris, the Swedish material research consortium on clusters and Ultrafine particles (NUTEK-SSF), the departments of Physics and Physical Chemistry at Uppsala University, the Gustavsson foundation for research in Natural Science and Medicine, and the Swedish International Development & Cooperation Agency (SIDA). This work was also supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, and by tile Texas Materials Institute under Welch grant F-1524. NR 150 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 5 U2 65 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 41 PG 41 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA V04KV UT WOS:000207058200002 ER PT J AU Vayssieres, L AF Vayssieres, Lionel TI Untitled SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vayssieres, Lionel] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Vayssieres, Lionel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vayssieres, L (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM LVayssieres@LBL.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP I EP II PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA V04KV UT WOS:000207058200001 ER PT J AU Mao, SS AF Mao, Samuel S. TI Nanolasers: Lasing from nanoscale quantum wires SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE one-dimensional nanostructure; quantum wire; nanowire; semi-conductor laser; quantum confinement ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SURFACE-EMITTING LASER; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CLEAVED EDGE OVERGROWTH; LOW-THRESHOLD CURRENT; DISTRIBUTED-FEEDBACK LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE OPERATION; SHORT-PERIOD SUPERLATTICES; FRACTIONAL LAYER SUPERLATTICE; DOUBLE-HETEROSTRUCTURE LASERS AB Semiconductor lasers are in many ways second only to transistors as to their impact on today's high-tech industries. The unique characteristics, Such as narrow emission wavelength, high frequency modulation, and device integratibility, make semiconductor lasers ideal photon Sources for applications as diverse as telecommunication, signal processing, material characterization, and medical diagnostics. Advances in material growth technologies, particularly molecular beam epitaxy, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, and a Suite of chemical synthesis techniques, make the fabrication of high quality nanometer scale semiconductor structures possible. Thanks to the quantum size effects that drastically modify the energy spectra of confined electrons in reduced dimensions, the population inversion necessary for lasing action occurs more efficiently as the active semiconductor gain medium is scaled down Front the bulk to the nanometer scale. Consequently, semiconductor lasers built with nanoscale active media are expected to exhibit extraordinary features such as great color range, high optical gain, and low lasing threshold. Indeed, miniaturized lasers using nanoscale semiconductor gain media - two-dimensional quantum wells. one-dimensional quantum wires., and zero-dimensional quantum dots - have shown significant improvements in device performance. This article provides an overview of the physics and technologies behind the rapid progress of miniaturization of semiconductor lasers, in particular the quantum wire lasers based on one-dimensional nanoscale optical gain media. Since the first report of lasing in quantum wires by Kapon and his co-workers [1], quantum wire lasers have evolved from 'microlasers' in which the one-dimensional nanostructure is embedded in a micron size optical cavity, to 'nanolasers' in which, as we recently demonstrated (2], the material gain and optical feedback are simultaneously achieved by individual nanoscale quantum wires. One-dimensional semiconductor fabrication technologies based on nanoscale lithography, self-organization, selective growth, and chemical synthesis will be reviewed along with recent advances of quantum wire lasers built Upon each of these fabrication technologies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Laser Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Laser Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssmao@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This research has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 220 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 31 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 42 EP 85 PG 44 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA V04KV UT WOS:000207058200003 ER PT J AU Guo, JH AF Guo, Jinghua TI Synchrotron radiation, soft-X-ray spectroscopy and nanomaterials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE synchrotron radiation; soft-X-ray absorption; soft-X-ray emission spectroscopy; electronic structure; nanomaterials AB Both synchrotron radiation based soft-X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant soft-X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) oil a variety of nano-structured systems has yielded characteristic fingerprints. With high-resolution monochromatized synchrotron radiation excitation. resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) has emerged Lis a new source of information about electronic structure and excitation dynamics of nanomaterials. The selectivity of the excitation, in terms of energy and polarization, has also facilitated studies of emission anisotropy. Various features observed in resonant emission spectra have been identified and studied. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jguo@lbl.gov NR 76 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 19 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 225 PG 33 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA V04KV UT WOS:000207058200010 ER PT J AU Burroughs, EA Romero, LA Lehoucq, RB Salinger, AG AF Burroughs, EA Romero, LA Lehoucq, RB Salinger, AG TI Linear stability of flow in a differentially heated cavity via large-scale eigenvalue calculations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE flow; stability (control theory); finite element analysis; convection ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; NATURAL-CONVECTION; SQUARE CAVITY; PRANDTL NUMBER; INSTABILITY; BIFURCATION; SIMULATIONS; TRANSITION AB Locates the onset of oscillatory instability in the fluid flow inside a differentially heated cavity with aspect ratio 2 by computing a steady-state and analyzing the stability of the system via eigenvalue approximation. Discusses the choice of parameters for the Cayley transformation so that the calculation of selected eigenvalues of the transformed system wig reliably answer the question of stability. Also presents an argument that due to the symmetry of the problem, the first two unstable modes wig have eigenvalues that are nearly identical, and the numerical experiments confirm this. Finally, locates a co-dimension 2 bifurcation signifying where there is a switch in the mode of initial instability. The results were obtained using a parallel finite element CFD code (MPSalsa) along with an Arnoldi-based eigensolver (ARPACK), a preconditioned Krylov method code for the necessary linear solves (Aztec), and a stability analysis library (LOCA). C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Math & Algorithms, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Parallel Computat Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Burroughs, EA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Math, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0961-5539 J9 INT J NUMER METHOD H JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5-6 BP 803 EP 822 DI 10.1108/09615530410544328 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 854WB UT WOS:000223933200011 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, PT TI Vigorous exercise and the population distribution of body weight SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE exercise; running; physical activity; body mass index; waist circumference; hip circumference; chest circumference ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN LEVELS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; REGIONAL ADIPOSITY; OVERWEIGHT MEN; RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; FAT MASS; MORTALITY; WOMEN AB Background: While the benefits of vigorous exercise on body weight and regional adiposity are well established, whether these benefits affect equally the highest and lowest portions of the weight distribution have not been previously reported. The impact of exercise on the more extreme body weights and body circumferences is clinically important because these values represent individuals at greatest health risk. Method: Self-reported weights and body circumferences from a cross-sectional sample of 7288 male and 2326 female runners were divided into five strata, according to the distances run per week and within each stratum the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles were determined. Least-squares regression was then employed at each percentile to determine the dose - response relationship between running distance and adiposity as determined by body mass index (BMI) and self-reported circumferences of the waist, hip and chest. Results: Per kilometer run per week, the associated decline for BMI was three-fold greater at the 95th than at the 5th percentile in men, and six-fold greater at the 95th than the 5th percentile in women ( all P<0.001). Reported waist circumference also declined more sharply at the 95th percentile than at the 5th percentile in men ( - 0.13 +/- 0.02 vs - 0.06 +/- 0.01 cm per km/week) and women ( - 0.18 +/- 0.04 vs - 0.05 +/- 0.01 cm per km/week). In women, both hip and chest circumferences declined more sharply per kilometer run at the 95th percentile than at the 5th percentile. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that running promotes the greatest weight loss specifically in those individuals who have the most to gain from losing weight. Comparisons based on average BMI or average body circumferences are likely to underestimate the health benefits of running because of the J-shaped relationship between adiposity and mortality. Whether the observed cross-sectional associations are primarily due to exercise-induced weight loss or self-selection remains to be determined. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-058621] NR 22 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802480 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 760RX UT WOS:000187849200018 PM 14569277 ER PT J AU Tyrrell, AJ Benedix, DC AF Tyrrell, AJ Benedix, DC TI Two cases of atlar anomalies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atlas; posterior arch; developmental aplasia; occipital; CILHI; missing in action ID POSTERIOR ARCH; CERVICAL-SPINE; CLEFT AB We present two cases with first cervical (atlas) vertebral anomalies. The individuals exhibiting these anomalies were recovered as part of the United States Army Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii's global mission to recover missing United States service personnel. Both of these anomalies were potentially clinically significant to the individuals in vivo but it appears that both managed to survive the hardships of military life until the incidents associated with their loss. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Cent Identif Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Tyrrell, AJ (reprint author), USA, Cent Identif Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM tyrrella@cilhi.army.mil NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1047-482X J9 INT J OSTEOARCHAEOL JI Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1002/oa.712 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 777EL UT WOS:000189162600005 ER PT J AU Lu, G Bulatov, VV Kioussis, N AF Lu, G Bulatov, VV Kioussis, N TI On stress assisted dislocation constriction and cross-slip SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE cross slip; dislocation core properties; ab initio calculations; Peierls-Nabarro model; aluminum and silver ID PEIERLS-NABARRO MODEL; PRINCIPLES; ALUMINUM; BEHAVIOR; SILICON; ALLOYS; METALS; STRAIN AB A novel semidiscrete Peierls-Nabarro model is introduced which can be used to study dislocation spreading at more than one slip plane, such as dislocation cross-slip and junctions. The strength of the model, when combined with an atomistic simulation for dislocation core properties, is without suffering from the uncertainties associated with empirical potentials. Therefore, this method is particularly useful in providing insight into alloy design when empirical potentials are not available or not reliable for such multi-element systems. The model is applied to study the external stress assisted dislocation cross-slip and constriction process in two fcc metals, Al and Ag, exhibiting different deformation properties. We find that the screw dislocation in Al can cross-slip spontaneously in contrast with that in Ag, where the screw dislocation splits into two partials that cannot cross-slip without first being constricted. The dislocation response to an external stress is examined in detail. The dislocation constriction energy and the critical stress for cross-slip are determined, and from the latter, we estimate the cross-slip energy barrier for straight screw dislocations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(03)00096-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 759KT UT WOS:000187737400006 ER PT J AU Larson, BC Yang, W Tischler, JZ Ice, GE Budai, JD Liu, W Weiland, H AF Larson, BC Yang, W Tischler, JZ Ice, GE Budai, JD Liu, W Weiland, H TI Micron-resolution 3-D measurement of local orientations near a grain-boundary in plane-strained aluminum using X-ray microbeams SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE deformation; aluminum; microbeam; X-ray; diffraction ID MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; GRADIENT PLASTICITY; INDIVIDUAL GRAINS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; POLYCRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; SIMULATIONS; DIFFRACTION; TEXTURE; STRESS AB X-ray microbeams have been used to perform nondestructive measurements of the local orientations and microstructure in single-crystal and grain-boundary regions in a columnar At (0.2 wt.% Mg) tri-crystal deformed 20% in plane-strain. The measurements were made using a recently developed differential-aperture X-ray microscopy (DAXM) technique providing high angular resolution determinations of local orientations with micron 3-D spatial resolution using focused microbeams. The X-ray microbeam technique is described, three-dimensional spatially resolved pole-figures and lattice rotation distributions in single-crystal and grain-boundary regions are presented, and the potential of micron resolution 3-D X-ray structural microscopy for plastic deformation investigations is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. RP Larson, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 543 EP 560 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(03)00101-3 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 759KT UT WOS:000187737400011 ER PT J AU Zbib, HM Khaleel, MA AF Zbib, HM Khaleel, MA TI Recent advances in multiscale modeling of plasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zbib, HM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM zbib@wsu.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 979 EP 979 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2003.10.001 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 801WA UT WOS:000220124800001 ER PT J AU Khan, SMA Zbib, HM Hughes, DA AF Khan, SMA Zbib, HM Hughes, DA TI Modeling planar dislocation boundaries using multi-scale dislocation dynamics plasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Recent Advances in Multiscale Modeling of Plasticity CY JAN, 2000 CL Aruba, NETHERLANDS DE dislocation dynamics; plasticity; dislocation boundaries; multiscale ID COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FINITE-ELEMENT; CROSS-SLIP; DEFORMATION; STRAIN; ELASTOPLASTICITY; SIMULATION; DENSITY; STRESS; FIELDS AB Results pertaining to the formation and dynamics of planar dislocation boundaries in deformed fcc single crystals using a multi-scale analysis are presented. A pure tilt boundary and experimentally observed extended geometrically necessary boundaries (GNBs) are constructed within the representative volume element (RVE) for multi-scale simulations. The model couples discrete dislocation dynamics analysis with continuum finite element to correct for the boundary conditions and image stress. It is shown that the right boundary condition of the RVE is critical in modeling GNBs and their long-range stresses. Effects of various numerical factors such as domain length and mesh sensitivity are also discussed. The effect of changing the spacing between two dislocation boundaries on the self-stress field and the stability, particularly in the space between the two dislocation boundaries, is presented. Relaxed configurations using dislocation dynamics show formation of a uniform network stabilized by formation of junctions and dipoles. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Engn Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Khan, SMA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM smakhan@mme.wsu.edu RI Khan, Shafique/M-4248-2015 OI Khan, Shafique/0000-0001-6374-3504 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1092 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2003.10.004 PG 34 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 801WA UT WOS:000220124800004 ER PT J AU Johnson, KI Nguyen, BN Davies, RW Grant, GJ Khaleel, MA AF Johnson, KI Nguyen, BN Davies, RW Grant, GJ Khaleel, MA TI A numerical process control method for circular-tube hydroforming prediction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Recent Advances in Multiscale Modeling of Plasticity CY JAN, 2000 CL Aruba, NETHERLANDS DE hydroforming; process control; finite element; metal forming; aluminum ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; SHEET METALS; FORMING LIMITS; YIELD FUNCTION; DESIGN; PART; PLASTICITY; CRITERION; STRESS; CURVES AB A numerical control algorithm is described that predicts the axial end-feed and internal pressure loads to give maximum formability of circular tubes during hydroforming. The controller tracks the stresses, strains and mechanical response of the incremental finite element solution to estimate the proper axial feed (end-feed) and internal pressure increments to apply in the next increment as the tube deforms. The algorithm uses the material stress-strain curve and the deformation theory of plasticity with Hill's criterion to relate the current stress and strain increments (from the finite element model) to the next applied load increments. A controlled increment in plastic strain is prescribed for the next solution increment, and the pressure and end-feed increments are calculated to give a constant ratio of incremental axial and hoop strains. Hydroforming simulations using this method were conducted to predict the load histories for controlled expansion of 6061-T4 aluminum tubes within a conical die shape and under free hydroforming conditions. The predicted loading paths were applied in hydroforming experiments to form the conical and free-formed tube shapes. The model predictions and experimental results are compared in this paper for deformed shape, strains and the extent of forming at rupture. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, KI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ki.johnson@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1111 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2003.10.006 PG 27 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 801WA UT WOS:000220124800006 ER PT J AU Becker, R AF Becker, R TI Effects of crystal plasticity on materials loaded at high pressures and strain rates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE crystal plasticity; shock loading; high pressure; high strain rate ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; POLYCRYSTALLINE TANTALUM; DISLOCATION DENSITY; DEFORMATION; METALS; MODEL; FLOW; SIMULATIONS; NONUNIFORM; EVOLUTION AB A crystal plasticity model is used to examine the effects of grain microstructure on the local deformation of metals subjected to high pressure and high strain rate loading characteristic of ballistic impact, explosive loading and laser ablation. The crystal elastic moduli are pressure dependent to capture the large volume strains properly and to enable evolution of shocks from steep pressure gradients. Results are obtained for a normal incidence pressure wave and a pressure wave traveling parallel to the metal surface. The results show that regions of non-uniform strain, characterized by patchy bands, can develop in the wake of the pressure wave. The magnitude and extent of the bands depends on the grain structure and the width of the zone over which the pressure rises. A steep pressure gradient produces a small process zone and leaves little chance for strain redistribution. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Becker, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM becker13@llnl.gov RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 36 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2004 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1983 EP 2006 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2003.09.002 PG 24 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 844HU UT WOS:000223149700004 ER PT J AU Isbell, MA Schwietert, CW Stern, RL Jones, A Lehmann, J Daly, T Siantar, CH Goldberg, Z AF Isbell, MA Schwietert, CW Stern, RL Jones, A Lehmann, J Daly, T Siantar, CH Goldberg, Z TI Proteomic analysis of human samples of irradiated tissue: Identification of a biosignature of radiation dose response SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Therapeutic-Radiology-and-Oncology CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Therapeut Radiol & Oncol C1 Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 SU S MA 2040 BP S362 EP S362 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 853UP UT WOS:000223854700383 ER EF