FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Dhar, MS Hauser, LJ Nicholls, RD Johnson, DK AF Dhar, MS Hauser, LJ Nicholls, RD Johnson, DK TI Atp10c, a novel type IV ATPase, is a prime candidate modulating body fat content SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Congress on Obesity CY AUG 24-29, 2002 CL SAO PAULO, BRAZIL C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 MA 3 BP 340 EP 340 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 765VH UT WOS:000188304700027 ER PT J AU Goldberg, Z Schwietert, CW Lehnert, B Stern, R Nami, I AF Goldberg, Z Schwietert, CW Lehnert, B Stern, R Nami, I TI Effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on gene expression in human skin biopsies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference in Translational Research and Preclinical Strategies in Radiation Oncology (ICTR 2003) CY MAR, 2003 CL LUGANO, SWITZERLAND DE low-dose ionizing radiation; gene expression profiling; human effects; ionizing radiation; RT-PCR ID ALPHA-PARTICLES; HUMAN-CELLS; INDUCED RADIORESISTANCE; ADAPTIVE RESPONSE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; IN-VIVO; X-RAYS; INDUCTION; P53; APOPTOSIS AB Purpose: Several investigations have demonstrated that significant biologic effects can occur in animals, animal cells, immortalized human cell lines, and primary human cells after exposure to doses of ionizing radiation in the low-dose, less than or equal to1-10 cGy region (LDIR). However, little information is available as to how these and other observations pertain to human responses to LDIR, though such knowledge is required for reducing the uncertainty of assessing human risks due to these exposures. We therefore undertook these translational studies to begin the development of a unique data set of human cellular responses to LDIR as measured by gene expression changes when exposure occurs to a normal tissue with its complex cellular mixture and three-dimensional architecture. Methods and Materials: Using full-thickness human skin resected during esthetic surgery, we obtained biopsy cores and exposed the tissue to LDIR ex vivo. Gene expression changes in five core regulatory genes were assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Results: Results indicate that skin is a good biologic model for assessing LDIR in humans, though meticulous attention to sample processing is necessary. LDIR does produce changes in gene expression, though time- and dose-response relationships may be complex. Conclusion: These proof of principle studies have provided a crucial initial step toward validation of LDIR risk assessment models in humans. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach and provide initial evidence that ionizing radiation exposures as low as 1 cGy are biologically active in human skin. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Goldberg, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Dept Radiat Oncol, 4501 10 St,Suite G-126, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM zgoldberg@ucdavis.edu NR 35 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.09.033 PG 8 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 767QZ UT WOS:000188465300033 PM 14751529 ER PT J AU Feijoo, GR Oberai, AA Pinsky, PM AF Feijoo, GR Oberai, AA Pinsky, PM TI An application of shape optimization in the solution of inverse acoustic scattering problems SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID FAR-FIELD OPERATOR; CONTROLLED EVOLUTION; OBSTACLE SCATTERING; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; LEVEL-SET; RECONSTRUCTION AB We consider the problem of determining the shape of an object immersed in an acoustic medium from measurements obtained at a distance from the object. We recast this problem as a shape optimization problem where we search for the domain that minimizes a cost function that quantifies the difference between the measured and expected signals. The measured and expected signals are assumed to satisfy a boundary-value problem given by the Helmholtz equation with the Sommerfeld condition imposed at infinity. Gradient-based algorithms are used to solve this optimization problem. At every step of the algorithm the derivative of the cost function with respect to the parameters that describe the shape of the object is calculated. We develop an efficient method based on the adjoint equations to calculate the derivative and show how this method is implemented in a finite element setting. The predominant cost of each step of the algorithm is equal to one forward solution and one adjoint solution and therefore is independent of the number of parameters used to describe the shape of the object. Numerical examples showing the efficacy of the proposed methodology are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Stanford Univ, Div Mech & Computat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Feijoo, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, MS 9405,POB 0969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM grfeijo@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 199 EP 228 AR PII S0266-5611(04)64221-3 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/20/1/012 PG 30 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 800XY UT WOS:000220062200012 ER PT J AU Talal, AH Shata, MT Markatou, M Dorante, G Chadburn, A Koch, R Neumann, AU Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS AF Talal, AH Shata, MT Markatou, M Dorante, G Chadburn, A Koch, R Neumann, AU Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS TI Virus dynamics and immune responses during treatment in patients coinfected with hepatitis C and HIV SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 09-13, 2001 CL DALLAS, TX SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Diseases DE hepatitis C virus; human immunodeficiency virus; interferon treatment; viral kinetics; immune responses to treatment ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LIVER FIBROSIS PROGRESSION; INTERFERON-ALPHA THERAPY; T-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVITY; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; LOW VIRAL LOAD; IN-VIVO; VACCINIA VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS AB Mathematical modeling of the biological effect of interferon on virus decay permits the quantification of the efficacy (epsilon) of blocking virion production in different patient populations. The viral dynamic and immunologic responses of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to daily interferon therapy were characterized in twelve patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Three out of the twelve patients (25%) achieved an early viral response, a two-log reduction in HCV RNA by week 12. The mean epsilon of IFN-alpha in blocking HCV and HIV production were 72% and 74%, respectively. For HCV epsilon was highest (97%) in the one patient who had a sustained viral response, while it was reduced in the other two patients (68% and 77%). Baseline HCV RNA and the number of CD3(+)CD56+16(+) cells were inversely related (r = -0.89, p = 0.03), and baseline HCV-specific immune responses were significantly higher in the three patients with 2-log viral load reductions. These data suggest that: 1) interferon efficacy at blocking virion production is correlated with treatment outcome in HIV/HCV co-infected patients, 2) that immunodeficient patients can respond to standard IFN-alpha, 3) that both innate and adaptive immune responses may be important determinants of HCV RNA decline in response to interferon. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10021 USA. New York Blood Ctr, Virol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Biostat, New York, NY USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Fac Life Sci, Ramat Gan, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Talal, AH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, 525 E 68th St,A354, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM aht2002@med.cornell.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00047, M01-RR00102, RR06555]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK02573] NR 73 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1097/00126334-200402010-00001 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 804VU UT WOS:000220327000001 PM 14722440 ER PT J AU Langan, P Greene, G Schoenborn, BP AF Langan, P Greene, G Schoenborn, BP TI Protein crystallography with spallation neutrons: the user facility at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; FIBER DIFFRACTION; LAUE DIFFRACTION; X-RAY; DATA-COLLECTION; HYDRATION; DNA; REFINEMENT; RUBREDOXIN; MYOGLOBIN AB In this report a neutron protein crystallography station (PCS) is described that has been built at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the study of proteins using the wavelength-resolved Lane technique. This user facility is the first of its kind to be built at a spallation neutron source and the first to use the wavelength-resolved Lane technique. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Langan, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM langan_paul@lanl.gov RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 45 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 37 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1107/S0021889803022891 PN 1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 764UU UT WOS:000188225100004 ER PT J AU Capelle, B Epelboin, Y Hartwig, J Moraleda, AB Otalora, F Stojanoff, V AF Capelle, B Epelboin, Y Hartwig, J Moraleda, AB Otalora, F Stojanoff, V TI Characterization of dislocations in protein crystals by means of synchrotron double-crystal topography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY TOPOGRAPHY; TETRAGONAL LYSOZYME; GROWTH; DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALLIZATION; RADIATION AB Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) crystals have been studied by means of double-crystal synchrotron topography. The crystals reveal a number of features that are quite well known in hydrothermally grown inorganic crystals: dislocations, growth bands and growth sector boundaries. Dislocations in the (110) sectors have been characterized as edge dislocations with Burgers vector parallel to the c axis. They are distinguishable only under weak beam conditions. The presence of edge dislocations shown in this paper is consistent with the spiral growth steps previously reported. This spiral growth on protein crystals has been observed many times by surface techniques. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7590, LMCP, F-75252 Paris, France. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. LEC, IACT, Fac Ciencias, Granada 18002, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Capelle, B (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7590, LMCP, Case 115, F-75252 Paris, France. EM capelle@lmcp.jussieu.fr RI stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012; Otalora, Fermin/L-5477-2015; Otalora, Femin/F-2759-2017 OI stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X; NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 37 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1107/S0021889803024415 PN 1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 764UU UT WOS:000188225100010 ER PT J AU Qiu, XY Bozin, ES Juhas, P Proffen, T Billinge, SJL AF Qiu, XY Bozin, ES Juhas, P Proffen, T Billinge, SJL TI Reciprocal-space instrumental effects on the real-space neutron atomic pair distribution function SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LOCAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION AB An atomic pair distribution function (PDF) neutron powder diffraction round-robin experiment was performed on six diffractometers at three spallation sources. Instrument-specific effects on the real-space PDF were investigated, such as finite measurement range, the instrument resolution and the asymmetric shape of diffraction peaks. Two illustrative samples, a perfectly long-range-ordered element, Pb, and a locally strained alloy ZnSe(0.5)Te(0.5), were measured at low temperatures. Various aspects of the PDF were explored, either qualitatively by direct comparison or quantitatively via structural modelling. Future implementation of modelling codes incorporating some of these instrumental effects are also discussed. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Billinge, SJL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM billinge@pa.msu.edu RI Juhas, Pavol/A-6544-2008; Bozin, Emil/E-4679-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Juhas, Pavol/0000-0001-8751-4458; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 20 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 37 BP 110 EP 116 DI 10.1107/S0021889803026670 PN 1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 764UU UT WOS:000188225100017 ER PT J AU Zeng, XZ Mao, XL Mao, SS Yoo, JH Greif, R Russo, RE AF Zeng, XZ Mao, XL Mao, SS Yoo, JH Greif, R Russo, RE TI Laser-plasma interactions in fused silica cavities SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; ELECTRON-DENSITY; ABLATION; TEMPERATURE; DIAGNOSTICS; IONS AB The effect of laser energy on formation of a plasma inside a cavity was investigated. The temperature and electron number density of laser-induced plasmas in a fused silica cavity were determined using spectroscopic methods, and compared with laser ablation on a flat surface. Plasma temperature and electron number density during laser ablation in a cavity with aspect ratio of 4 increased faster with irradiance after the laser irradiance reached a threshold of 5 GW/cm2. The threshold irradiance of particulate ejection was lower for laser ablation in a cavity compared with on a flat surface; the greater the cavity aspect ratio, the lower the threshold irradiance. The ionization of silicon becomes saturated and the crater depths were increased approximately by 1 order of magnitude after the irradiance reached the threshold. Phase explosion was discussed to explain the large change of both plasma characteristics and mass removal when irradiance increased beyond a threshold value. Self-focusing of the laser beam was discussed as being responsible for the decrease of the threshold in cavities. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov NR 27 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 816 EP 822 DI 10.1063/1.1635990 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800005 ER PT J AU Carrey, J Radousky, HB Berkowitz, AE AF Carrey, J Radousky, HB Berkowitz, AE TI Spark-eroded particles: Influence of processing parameters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE MACHINING PROCESS; THEORETICAL-MODELS; EROSION MODEL AB Ni particles were prepared by spark erosion in a fixed-gap apparatus, and in the usual "shaker-pot" assembly, in an investigation of the influence of various processing parameters on the particles' properties. The sizes of the particles were studied as functions of spark energies ranging from 10 muJ to 1 J, and a scaling relation derived from a simple model was verified. Several different static and rotating electrode configurations were compared with respect to their suitability for producing significant yields of small particles. The advantages of stirring the dielectric with the fixed-gap apparatus and of rotating the electrodes were demonstrated. Water, kerosene, and liquid argon and nitrogen were used as dielectric liquids. When compounds were formed, the reaction with the dielectric proceeded inversely with particle size. Spark erosion in kerosene at low spark energies, followed by annealing, proved to be an effective method to produce fine nickel particles. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Carrey, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jcarrey@cea.fr RI Carrey, Julian/C-1237-2008 OI Carrey, Julian/0000-0003-2361-6759 NR 13 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 823 EP 829 DI 10.1063/1.1635973 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800006 ER PT J AU Ellis, TS Park, KT Hulbert, SL Ulrich, MD Rowe, JE AF Ellis, TS Park, KT Hulbert, SL Ulrich, MD Rowe, JE TI Influence of substrate temperature on epitaxial copper phthalocyanines studied by photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON VALENCE BAND; 100 CRYSTAL FACES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTIONS; THIN-FILMS; INTERFACE; GOLD; AU(001); MONOLAYERS; PLATINUM AB We report the formation of heteroepitaxial copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) overlayers on a "5x20" reconstructed Au(001) substrate, with thicknesses ranging from 0.8 to 26.9 Angstrom. The adsorbed CuPc at room temperature forms a quasiepitaxial overlayer, incommensurate with the substrate lattice, aligned with the <110> and <1 (1) over bar0> axes of the Au(001) surface. At elevated substrate temperatures (ET) between 200 and 250 degreesC, the deposition of CuPc results in a 13.8 Angstrom square overlayer structure commensurate with the substrate lattice. The electronic structures of CuPc overlayers grown at both RT and ET are also investigated. While the films grown at both temperatures generally exhibit lowering of the vacuum level, consistent with the presence of an interfacial dipole, it is the ET-grown CuPc overlayer that exhibits a sharp decrease of the surface vacuum level upon completion of a monolayer. The experimental CuPc valence band energies are compared with the calculated ionization potentials of a CuPc molecule. Using the tunability of the light source and the dependence of the photoionization cross sections on photon energy for various atomic shells, the CuPc molecular orbitals are assigned with either Cu d states or Pc-derived valence orbitals. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Phys, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Park, KT (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Phys, Waco, TX 76798 USA. EM kenneth_park@baylor.edu NR 41 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 982 EP 988 DI 10.1063/1.1637137 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800029 ER PT J AU Friesen, C Seel, SC Thompson, CV AF Friesen, C Seel, SC Thompson, CV TI Reversible stress changes at all stages of Volmer-Weber film growth SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; INTERNAL-STRESS; GOLD-FILMS; SILVER; COALESCENCE; COPPER; GENERATION; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE; CONTACT AB Stresses caused by Volmer-Weber growth of polycrystalline Cu films have been measured in situ during: Island nucleation and growth, island coalescence, and post-coalescence film thickening. Growth interruptions followed by resumption of growth resulted in the observation of reversible stress changes in all regimes. Reversible stress changes in the pre-coalescence and post-coalescence regimes are similar in that: The stress evolves in the tensile direction during growth interruptions, the initial rate of stress evolution is significantly faster when growth is resumed than when growth is first interrupted, and the magnitude of the reversible stress change increases with increasing pre-interruption deposition rate. It is argued that reversible stress changes are associated with changes in adatom and other surface defect concentrations, corresponding with changes in the growth flux. It is shown that the change in stress-thickness product with changing film thickness (the instantaneous stress) can be related to the adatom-surface interaction energy. High sensitivity stress measurements were made at a rate of 1000 measurements per second, and the instantaneous stress at the initiation of growth was measured at all stages of growth. The initial instantaneous stress and the adatom-surface interaction energy increased in the pre-coalescence regime and reached a fixed, maximum value once coalescence had occurred. The measured interaction energy in the post-coalescence regime is 0.67+/-0.1 eV, which corresponds well with values calculated using molecular dynamics. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Friesen, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Surface Interface Sci Div, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cthomp@mtl.mit.edu NR 30 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1011 EP 1020 DI 10.1063/1.1637728 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800032 ER PT J AU Moura, MR Ayala, AP Guedes, I Grimsditch, M Loong, CK Boatner, LA AF Moura, MR Ayala, AP Guedes, I Grimsditch, M Loong, CK Boatner, LA TI Raman scattering study of Tb(V1-xPx)O-4 single crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOPED LUTETIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; PHONON AB The polarized Raman spectra of a series of isostructural vanadate/phosphate compounds of the form: Tb(V1-xPx)O-4 with 0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.75 have been investigated at room temperature. While the observed Raman spectra are generally consistent with group theory predictions for a body-centered tetragonal crystal structure (D-4h(19)), due to the replacement of P for V, additional spectral features induced by the disorder of the mixed vanadate/phosphate system are also observed. In particular, all of the external lattice modes are characterized by a one-phonon-like behavior, while the behavior of the internal modes of the (V,P)O-4 tetrahedron is two-phonon-like. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guedes, I (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, Caixa Postal 6030,Campus Pici, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM guedes@fisica.ufc.br RI GUEDES, ILDE/C-3451-2013; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; UFC, DF/E-1564-2017; Ayala, Alejandro/A-7518-2008; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/J-4630-2016; OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Ayala, Alejandro/0000-0002-9247-6780; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/0000-0002-9247-6780; GUEDES, ILDE/0000-0002-1040-5891 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1148 EP 1151 DI 10.1063/1.1640461 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800050 ER PT J AU Wig, A Passian, A Arakawa, E Ferrell, TL Thundat, T AF Wig, A Passian, A Arakawa, E Ferrell, TL Thundat, T TI Optical thin-film interference effects in microcantilevers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONATING MICROCANTILEVERS; FORCE MICROSCOPE AB We report direct observation of thin-film interference effects in microcantilevers, an effect that can impact the optical monitoring of the microcantilever motion. When microcantilevers are illuminated with different wavelengths of light the amount of absorption and the wavelengths of maxima in the absorption depend upon the thickness of the layers, the materials used in the layers, and the direction of illumination. Wavelengths of maximum absorption are observed as microcantilever deflections due to heat-induced bending of the bimaterial structure of the microcantilever. Results are presented for different multilayer configurations and illumination directions. These results are then compared with theoretical calculations based on multilayer thin-film analysis. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wig, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wigag@ornl.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1162 EP 1165 DI 10.1063/1.1638616 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800052 ER PT J AU Motayed, A Jones, KA Derenge, MA Wood, MC Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Smith, DJ Davydov, AV Anderson, WT Iliadis, AA Mohammad, SN AF Motayed, A Jones, KA Derenge, MA Wood, MC Zakharov, DN Liliental-Weber, Z Smith, DJ Davydov, AV Anderson, WT Iliadis, AA Mohammad, SN TI Electrical, microstructural, and thermal stability characteristics of Ta/Ti/Ni/Au contacts to n-GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER OHMIC CONTACT; ALGAN/GAN; IMPLANTATION; MECHANISM; NITRIDE AB A metallization technique has been developed for obtaining low resistance Ohmic contact to n-GaN. The metallization technique involves the deposition of a metal layer combination Ta/Ti/Ni/Au on an n-GaN epilayer. It is observed that annealing at 750 degreesC for 45 s leads to low contact resistivity. Corresponding to a doping level of 5x10(17) cm(-3), the contact resistivity of the contact rho(S)=5.0x10(-6) Omega cm(2). The physical mechanisms underlying the realization of low contact resistivity is investigated using current-voltage characteristics, x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mohammad, SN (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM snmohammad2002@yahoo.com RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1516 EP 1524 DI 10.1063/1.1633660 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800109 ER PT J AU Buonassisi, T Vyvenko, OF Istratov, AA Weber, ER Hahn, G Sontag, D Rakotoniaina, JP Breitenstein, O Isenberg, J Schindler, R AF Buonassisi, T Vyvenko, OF Istratov, AA Weber, ER Hahn, G Sontag, D Rakotoniaina, JP Breitenstein, O Isenberg, J Schindler, R TI Observation of transition metals at shunt locations in multicrystalline silicon solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID P-N JUNCTION; LOCK-IN THERMOGRAPHY; CARRIER GENERATION; RECOMBINATION; IMPURITIES; DIFFUSION; CLUSTERS; IMPACT; COPPER; RGS AB By employing a combination of analytical tools including lock-in thermography and synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence microscopy, transition metals have been identified at shunting locations in two types of low-cost multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cell materials: cast multicrystalline and ribbon growth on substrate (RGS). At a shunting location in the cast mc-Si cell, silver and titanium, both contact strip materials, have been identified at the shunting location, suggesting a process-induced error related to contact metallization. At a shunting location in the RGS cell, a material-specific shunting mechanism is described, involving channels of inverse conductivity type, where copper and iron are found. The possible roles of these metals in this shunting mechanism are discussed. These results illustrate the wide range of physical mechanisms involved with shunting in solar cells. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, D-78457 Constance, Germany. Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany. RP Buonassisi, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM buonassisi@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012; Hahn, Giso/D-3111-2013; Vyvenko, Oleg/I-6539-2013 OI Vyvenko, Oleg/0000-0001-6077-3679 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1556 EP 1561 DI 10.1063/1.1636252 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 765KN UT WOS:000188281800114 ER PT J AU Nguyen-Vo, TH AF Nguyen-Vo, TH TI A framework for immigration: Asians in the United States. SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nguyen-Vo, TH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN ASIAN STUDIES INC PI ANN ARBOR PA UNIV MICH 1 LANE HALL, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0021-9118 J9 J ASIAN STUD JI J. Asian Stud. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 63 IS 1 BP 143 EP 144 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Asian Studies SC Area Studies; Asian Studies GA 807VO UT WOS:000220529200016 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Collins, DR AF Ghan, SJ Collins, DR TI Use of in situ data to test a Raman lidar-based cloud condensation nuclei remote sensing method SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-BACKSCATTER RATIO; SUMMERTIME SOUTHERN-OCEAN; VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; AEROSOL; SPECTRA; CONTRASTS; CLOSURE; ACE-2 AB A method of retrieving vertical profiles of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration from surface measurements is described. Surface measurements of the CCN concentration are scaled by the ratio of the backscatter (or extinction) vertical profile to the backscatter (or extinction) at or near the surface. The backscatter (or extinction) profile is measured by Raman lidar and is corrected to dry conditions using the vertical profile of relative humidity (also measured by Raman lidar) and surface measurements of the dependence of backscatter (or extinction) on relative humidity. The method assumes that the aerosol composition and the shape of the aerosol size distribution at the surface are representative of the vertical column. Aircraft measurements of aerosol size distribution are used to test the dependence of the retrieval on the uniformity of the shape of the aerosol size distribution. The retrieval is found to be robust for supersaturations less than 0.02% but breaks down at higher supersaturations if the vertical profile of the shape of the aerosol size distribution differs markedly from the shape of the distribution at the surface. Such conditions can be detected from the extinction/backscatter ratio. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mail Stop K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.ghan@pnl.gov RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0387:UOISDT>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780PT UT WOS:000189391100019 ER PT J AU Sblattero, D Florian, F Azzoni, E Ziberna, F Tommasini, A Not, T Ventura, A Bradbury, A Marzari, R AF Sblattero, D Florian, F Azzoni, E Ziberna, F Tommasini, A Not, T Ventura, A Bradbury, A Marzari, R TI One-step cloning of anti tissue transglutaminase scFv from subjects with celiac disease SO JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE autoimmunity; phage display; antibody cloning; gliadin ID LIGHT-CHAIN PAIRINGS; ANTIBODIES; PHAGE; REPERTOIRE; LIBRARIES; HEAVY; CELL AB Celiac disease is characterized by intestinal mucosal injury and malabsorption precipitated by dietary exposure to gluten of some cereals with a prominent role being played by gliadins, specific antigenic determinants found in wheat gluten. Patients suffering from celiac disease have serum antibodies recognizing gliadin, as well as the endomysial autoantigen tissue transglutaminase. Phage display antibody libraries have revealed ectopic production of anti-transglutaminase antibodies by intestinal lymphocytes with a biased use of the VH5 antibody gene family. Here we report a study on the pairing of VH and VL families in the antibodies to transglutaminase. Our results led to the construction of small phage display antibody libraries based on the amplification of the two genes in the VH5 family from intestinal lymphocytes. This method can be used for the rapid characterization of the anti-transglutaminase response in a potentially large number of subjects including asymptomatic patients whose serum antibodies may be undetectable. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Trieste, Dept Biol, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dept Reprod & Dev Sci, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Sblattero, D (reprint author), Univ Trieste, Dept Biol, Via L Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. EM daniele@icgeb.org OI Not, Tarcisio/0000-0003-1059-3009; Ventura, Alessandro/0000-0002-4657-1760 FU Telethon [E.1141] NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0896-8411 J9 J AUTOIMMUN JI J. Autoimmun. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.jaut.2003.09.004 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 766HV UT WOS:000188371700007 PM 14709414 ER PT J AU Wang, T Shen, GZ Balasubramanian, R McIntosh, L Bryant, DA Golbeck, JH AF Wang, T Shen, GZ Balasubramanian, R McIntosh, L Bryant, DA Golbeck, JH TI The sufR gene (sll0088 in Synechocystis sp strain PCC 6803) functions as a repressor of the sufBCDS operon in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis in cyanobacteria SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNECHOCOCCUS SP PCC-7002; ESCHERICHIA-COLI GENES; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; ENDONUCLEASE-III; BIOTIN SYNTHASE; ALTERED PSAC; PCC 6803 AB The suf operon is composed of four genes (sufB, sufC, sufD, and sufS) and is highly conserved in the genomes of cyanobacteria. Open reading frame sll0088 in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is located near the 5' end of the suf operon but is transcribed in the direction opposite that of the suf operon. We previously reported the isolation of two independent suppressor strains of C14S(PsaC) that mapped to sll0088 and restored photoautotrophic growth. The protein encoded by sll0088 has two significant features: (i) a DNA-binding domain near the N terminus and (ii) four highly conserved cysteine residues near the C terminus. The protein has high sequence similarity to transcription regulatory proteins with a conserved DNA-binding domain and can be classified in the DeoR family of helix-loop-helix proteins. The protein falls into a further subclass that contains a C-X-12-C-X-13-C-X-14-C motif near the C terminus, which may represent a metal-binding site. The expressed Sll0088 protein harbored an iron-sulfur cluster as shown by optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Compared to the wild type, expression levels of the sufBCDS genes were elevated when cells were grown under conditions of oxidative and iron stress and were even higher in a null mutant of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 in which the sll0088 homolog was insertionally inactivated. In agreement with the proposed role of the sufBCDS genes in iron metabolism, the growth rate of the null mutant was significantly higher than that of the wild type under iron-limiting conditions. We propose that the protein encoded by sll0088 is a transcriptional repressor of the suf operon, and we name the gene sufR. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Golbeck, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, S 310 Frear Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jhg5@psu.edu RI Balasubramanian, Ramakrishnan/C-7620-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-31625] NR 48 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 186 IS 4 BP 956 EP 967 DI 10.1128/JB.186.4.956-967.2004 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 776LQ UT WOS:000189117800008 PM 14761990 ER PT J AU Socaciu, LD Hagen, J Le Roux, J Popolan, D Bernhardt, TM Woste, L Vajda, S AF Socaciu, LD Hagen, J Le Roux, J Popolan, D Bernhardt, TM Woste, L Vajda, S TI Strongly cluster size dependent reaction behavior of CO with O-2 on free silver cluster anions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; SPECTRA; METAL; PREDICTIONS; CHEMISTRY; AG-N(-); OXYGEN; IONS AB Reactions of free silver anions Ag-n(-) (n=1-13) with O-2, CO, and their mixtures are investigated in a temperature controlled radio frequency ion trap setup. Cluster anions Ag-n(-) (n=1-11) readily react with molecular oxygen to yield AgnOm- (m=2, 4, or 6) oxide products. In contrast, no reaction of the silver cluster anions with carbon monoxide is detected. However, if silver cluster anions are exposed to the mixture of O-2 and CO, new reaction products and a pronounced, discontinuous size dependence in the reaction behavior is observed. In particular, coadsorption complexes Ag-n(CO)O-2(-) are detected for cluster sizes with n=4 and 6 and, the most striking observation, in the case of the larger odd atom number clusters Ag-7(-), Ag-9(-), and Ag-11(-), the oxide product concentration decreases while a reappearance of the bare metal cluster signal is observed. This leads to the conclusion that carbon monoxide reacts with the activated oxygen on these silver clusters and indicates the prevalence of a catalytic reaction cycle. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM tbernhar@physik.fu-berlin.de NR 39 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2078 EP 2081 DI 10.1063/1.1644103 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 767XD UT WOS:000188498400002 PM 15268345 ER PT J AU Yu, HG AF Yu, HG TI Full-dimensional quantum calculations of vibrational spectra of six-atom molecules. I. Theory and numerical results SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; SPHERICAL POLAR PARAMETRIZATION; GENERAL POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; KINETIC-ENERGY OPERATORS; N-ATOM PROBLEM; VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS; VECTOR PARAMETRIZATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ROVIBRATIONAL HAMILTONIANS; TETRAATOMIC MOLECULES AB Two quantum mechanical Hamiltonians have been derived in orthogonal polyspherical coordinates, which can be formed by Jacobi and/or Radau vectors etc., for the study of the vibrational spectra of six-atom molecules. The Hamiltonians are expressed in an explicit Hermitian form in the spatial representation. Their matrix representations are described in both full discrete variable representation (DVR) and mixed DVR/nondirect product finite basis representation (FBR) bases. The two-layer Lanczos iteration algorithm [H.-G. Yu, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 8190 (2002)] is employed to solve the eigenvalue problem of the system. A strategy regarding how to carry out the Hamiltonian-vector products for a high-dimensional problem is discussed. By exploiting the inversion symmetry of molecules, a unitary sequential 1D matrix-vector multiplication algorithm is proposed to perform the action of the Hamiltonian on the wavefunction in a symmetrically adapted DVR or FBR basis in the azimuthal angular variables. An application to the vibrational energy levels of the molecular hydrogen trimer (H-2)(3) in full dimension (12D) is presented. Results show that the rigid-H-2 approximation can underestimate the binding energy of the trimer by 27%. Finally, it is demonstrated that the two-layer Lanczos algorithm is also capable of computing the eigenvectors of the system with minor effort.(C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, HG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hgy@bnl.gov RI Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 NR 63 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2270 EP 2284 DI 10.1063/1.1636456 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 767XD UT WOS:000188498400023 PM 15268366 ER PT J AU White, MG Beuhler, RJ AF White, MG Beuhler, RJ TI State-resolved dynamics of oxygen atom recombination on polycrystalline Ag SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID RYDBERG-VALENCE INTERACTIONS; ABINITIO CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; TRAPPING-DESORPTION SCATTERING; MOLECULARLY CHEMISORBED OXYGEN; ROTATIONAL LINE STRENGTHS; GAS-SURFACE INTERACTIONS; PARTIAL OXIDATION; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES AB Rotationally resolved, velocity distributions for desorbed O-2 molecules formed by O-atom recombination on the surface of a polycrystalline Ag surface are reported. Surface O atoms are generated by oxygen permeation through a 0.25-mm-thick Ag foil heated to 1020 K. Desorbing O-2 molecules are probed by (2+1) resonant multiphoton ionization via the C (3)Pi(g) (3ssigma), nu(')=2<--<--X (3)Sigma(g)(-), nu('')=0 transition and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Measured velocity distributions are near Maxwell-Boltzmann and yield average translational energies which are significantly lower than the surface temperature ((E-t)/2k(B)similar to515 K) and essentially independent of rotational excitation. Comparison of the observed C-X (2,0) resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization spectrum with spectral simulations suggests that the nu('')=0 rotational state distribution is more consistent with the surface temperature, but spectral congestion and apparent intensity perturbations prevent a more quantitative analysis. The calculated, sticking curves show a small barrier energy barrier (similar to10 meV) beyond which sticking decreases. These observations are consistent with low energy desorption and adsorption pathways involving a weakly bound molecular O-2 precursor. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP White, MG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mgwhite@bnl.gov NR 100 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2445 EP 2455 DI 10.1063/1.1637333 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 767XD UT WOS:000188498400042 PM 15268385 ER PT J AU Beck, KM Joly, AG Dupuis, NF Perozzo, P Hess, WP Sushko, PV Shluger, AL AF Beck, KM Joly, AG Dupuis, NF Perozzo, P Hess, WP Sushko, PV Shluger, AL TI Laser control of product electronic state: Desorption from alkali halides SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; QUANTUM YIELDS; PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE EXCITATION; IONIC SURFACES; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; METHYL-IODIDE; DIODE-LASER; CH3I AB We demonstrate laser control of the electronic product state distribution of photodesorbed halogen atoms from alkali halide crystals. Our general model of surface exciton desorption dynamics is developed into a simple method for laser control of the relative halogen atom spin-orbit laser desorption yield. By tuning the excitation laser photon energy in a narrow region of the absorption threshold, the yield of excited state chorine atoms, Cl(P-2(1/2)), can be made to vary from near 0 to 80% for KCl and from near 0 to 50% for NaCl relative to the total yield of Cl atoms. We describe the physical properties necessary to obtain a high degree of product state control and the limitation induced when these requirements are not met. These results demonstrate that laser control can be applied to solid state surface reactions and provide strong support for surface exciton-based desorption models. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Mary Baldwin Coll, Dept Phys, Staunton, VA 24401 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Hess, WP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kenneth.beck@pnl.gov; wayne.hess@pnl.gov; a.shluger@ucl.ac.uk RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 5 BP 2456 EP 2463 DI 10.1063/1.1637336 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 767XD UT WOS:000188498400043 PM 15268386 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Rytuba, J Brown, GE AF Kim, CS Rytuba, J Brown, GE TI EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides - II. Effects of chloride and sulfate SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EXAFS; mercury; sorption; goethite; gamma-alumina; bayerite; chloride; sulfate ID OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; GOETHITE ALPHA-FEOOH; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; PB(II) SORPTION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINA; XAFS; PH AB Common complexing ligands such as chloride and sulfate can significantly impact the sorption of Hg(II) to particle surfaces in aqueous environmental systems. To examine the effects of these ligands on Hg(II) sorption to mineral sorbents, macroscopic Hg(II) uptake measurements were conducted at pH 6 and [Hg](i) = 0.5 mM on goethite (alpha-FeOOH), gamma-alumina (gamma-Al(2)O(3)), and bayerite (beta-Al(OH)(3)) in the presence of chloride or sulfate, and the sorption products were characterized by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The presence of chloride resulted in reduced uptake of Hg(II) on all three substrates over the Cl(-) concentration ([CI(-)]) range 10(-5) to 10(-2) M, lowering Hg surface coverages on goethite, gamma-alumina, and bayerite from 0.42 to 0.07 mumol/m(2), 0.06 to 0.006 mumol/m(2), and 0.55 to 0.39 mumol/m(2) ([CI(-)] = 10(-5) to 10(-3) M only), respectively. This reduction in Hg(II) uptake is primarily a result of the formation of stable, nonsorbing aqueous HgCl(2) complexes in solution, limiting the amount of free Hg(II) available to sorb. At higher [Cl(-)] beam reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(I) was observed, resulting in the possible formation of aqueous Hg(2)Cl(2) species and the precipitation of calomel, Hg(2)Cl(2)(,). The presence of sulfate caused enhanced Hg(II) uptake over the sulfate concentration ([SO(4)(2-)]) range 10(-5) to 0.9 M, increasing Hg surface coverages on goethite, gamma-alumina, and bayerite from 0.39 to 0.45 mumol/m(2) 0.11 to 0.38 mumol/m(2), and 0.36 to 3.33 mumol/m(2), respectively. This effect is likely due to the direct sorption or accumulation of sulfate ions at the substrate interface, effectively reducing the positive surface charge that electrostatically inhibits Hg(II) sorption. Spectroscopic evidence for ternary surface complexation was observed in isolated cases, specifically in the Hg-goethite-sulfate system at high [SO(4)(2-)] and in the Hg-goethite-chloride system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM chriskim@pangea.stanford.edu NR 48 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 270 IS 1 BP 9 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.07.029 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 761DC UT WOS:000187883900002 PM 14693130 ER PT J AU Trivedi, P Dyer, JA Sparks, DL Pandya, K AF Trivedi, P Dyer, JA Sparks, DL Pandya, K TI Mechanistic and thermodynamic interpretations of zinc sorption onto ferrihydrite SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Zn(II); ferrihydrite; sorption; thermodynamics; XAS ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; TRISTATE MINING DISTRICT; CRYSTALLINE IRON-OXIDES; AQUEOUS ZN(II) SORPTION; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; HEAVY-METAL CATIONS; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; PRECIPITATE GEOMETRY; LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; ZN SORPTION AB Elucidating the reaction mechanisms and estimating the associated transport and thermodynamic parameters are important for an accurate description of the fate of toxic metal pollutants, such as Zn(II), in soils and aquatic ecosystems rich in iron oxides. Consequently, sorption of Zn(II) ions onto ferrihydrite was investigated with macroscopic and spectroscopic studies as a function of pH (4.0-8.0), ionic strength (10(-3)-10(-1) M NaNO3), aqueous Zn(II) concentration (10(-8-)10(-2) M), and temperature (4-25degreesC). Present findings suggest that, for a given set of pH and temperature conditions, Zn sorption onto ferrihydrite can best be described by one average reaction mechanism below the saturation limits. Thermodynamic analyses reveal that the Zn(II) ions sorb onto the ferrihydrite surfaces via strong endothermic chemical reactions. Consistently, X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) analyses confirm that, at pH < 6.5, for all Zn loadings, Zn(II) ions form corner-sharing, mononuclear, bidentate inner-sphere complexes with ferrihydrite, where RZn-O approximate to 1.97 Angstrom and RZn-Fe approximate to 3.48 Angstrom. For pH greater than or equal to 6.5, similar sorption complexes were observed at lower sorption densities. Then again, for pH greater than or equal to 6.5 and at higher sorption densities, Zn(II) ions may begin to form zinc-hydroxide-like polynuclear sorption complexes on the surfaces of the ferrihydrite, where RZn-Zn approximate to 3.53 Angstrom. Surprisingly, small changes in temperature had a significant impact on the affinity of zinc for the ferrihydrite surface; equilibrium sorption capacity decreased by 3-4 orders of magnitude as temperature fell from 25 to 4degreesC for all pH. Zinc sorption onto ferrihydrite, therefore, is governed by pH as well as by temperature and sorbate/sorbent ratio. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Engn Technol, Wilmington, DE 19898 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, NRL, SRC, Upton, NY 11026 USA. RP Trivedi, P (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM paras.trivedi@uaf.edu NR 45 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 270 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00586-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 761DC UT WOS:000187883900009 PM 14693137 ER PT J AU Morton, SA Keffer, DJ Counce, RM DePaoli, DW Hu, MZC AF Morton, SA Keffer, DJ Counce, RM DePaoli, DW Hu, MZC TI Thermodynamic method for prediction of surfactant-modified oil droplet contact angle SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE contact angle; surfactant; adsorption; surface cleaning; thermodynamic model; interfacial tension; hexadecane; critical micelle concentration; sodium dodecyl sulfate; cetyl trymethyl ammonium bromide ID CRITICAL EOTVOS NUMBERS; SOLID-SURFACES; IONIC SURFACTANTS; SHAPE-ANALYSIS; DETACHMENT; ADSORPTION; DETERGENCY; MIXTURES; STRENGTH; TENSION AB A model applying surfactant self-assembly theory and classical thermodynamics has been developed to aid in the prediction of solid surface cleaning by aqueous surfactant solutions. Information gained from a combination of surfactant self-assembly behavior and cleaning system parameters, such as oil species, surfactant type, temperature, alkalinity, and solid surface type has been shown to provide insight into surface cleaning. The model combines minimization of free energy, pertinent component distribution mechanisms, and surfactant self-assembly processes to provide a methodology for the predicting of oil droplet contact angles. Such predictive capabilities will allow for the development of beneficial environmental and economic changes to industrial and commercial surface cleaning and degreasing processes. Results from the model will be compared to experimental data to verify the capability of the theory to account for the effect of solutions parameters on oil droplet behavior. The model, while approximate in nature, has shown a remarkable quantitative predictive ability. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morton, SA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM samuelmorton@comcast.net RI Keffer, David/C-5133-2014; OI Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286; Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 270 IS 1 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.08.006 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 761DC UT WOS:000187883900027 PM 14693155 ER PT J AU James, SC Chrysikopoulos, CV AF James, SC Chrysikopoulos, CV TI Dense colloid transport in a bifurcating fracture SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dense colloid transport; bifurcation; fracture flow ID SPATIAL STEP; APERTURE AB In this work, the transport of dense colloids through a water-saturated, bifurcating fracture is investigated using a constant spatial step particle tracking technique. The size of the constituents of a colloid plume is an important factor affecting the partitioning of dense colloids at the bifurcation. While neutrally buoyant colloids partition between daughter fractures in proportion to flow rates, dense colloids will preferentially exit fractures that are gravitationally downgradient, notwithstanding that the majority of the interstitial fluid may flow through the upper fracture. Comparison of the partitioning ratio between daughter fractures with the ratios of characteristic settling, diffusion, and advection time reveal that these parameters control how colloids behave, at fracture bifurcations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP James, SC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM scjames@sandia.gov RI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/F-1783-2013; OI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/0000-0003-4722-8697; James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 270 IS 1 BP 250 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.09.033 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 761DC UT WOS:000187883900030 PM 14693158 ER PT J AU Harrison, RJ AF Harrison, RJ TI Krylov subspace accelerated inexact Newton method for linear and nonlinear equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DIIS; inexact Newton; optimization; nonlinear equations ID CONVERGENCE ACCELERATION; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM; SYSTEMS; ITERATION; GEOMETRY AB A Krylov subspace accelerated inexact Newton (KAIN) method for solving linear and nonlinear equations is described, and its relationship to the popular direct inversion in the iterative subspace method [DIIS; Pulay, P., Chem Phys Lett 1980, 393, 73] is analyzed. The two methods are compared with application to simple test equations and the location of the minimum energy crossing point of potential energy surfaces. KAIN is no more complicated to implement than DIIS, but can accommodate a wider variety of preconditioning and performs substantially better with poor preconditioning. With perfect preconditioning, KAIN is shown to be very similar to DIIS. For these reasons, KAIN is recommended as a replacement for DIIS. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Harrison, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Mail Stop K1-96,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM harrisonrj@oml.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 25 IS 3 BP 328 EP 334 DI 10.1002/jcc.10108 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 765AZ UT WOS:000188245900003 PM 14696068 ER PT J AU Kneafsey, TJ Hunt, JR AF Kneafsey, TJ Hunt, JR TI Non-aqueous phase liquid spreading during soil vapor extraction SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsaturated zone; contaminant transport; soil vapor extraction; film flow ID WETTED POROUS-MEDIA; THIN VISCOUS FILM; 3-PHASE FLOW; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; UNSATURATED SOILS; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; MASS-TRANSFER; WATER; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS AB Many non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) are expected to spread at the air-water interface, particularly under non-equilibrium conditions. In the vadose zone, this spreading should increase the surface area for mass transfer and the efficiency of volatile NAPL recovery by soil vapor extraction (SVE). Observations of spreading on water wet surfaces led to a conceptual model of oil spreading vertically above a NAPL pool in the vadose zone. Analysis of this model predicts that spreading can enhance the SVE contaminant recovery compared to conditions where the liquid does not spread. Experiments were conducted with spreading volatile oils hexane and heptane in wet porous media and capillary tubes, where spreading was observed at the scale of centimeters. Within porous medium columns up to a meter in height containing stagnant gas, spreading was less than ten centimeters and did not contribute significantly to hexane volatilization. Water film thinning and oil film pinning may have prevented significant oil film spreading, and thus did not enhance SVE at the scale of a meter. The experiments performed indicate that volatile oil spreading at the field scale is unlikely to contribute significantly to the efficiency of SVE. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kneafsey, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tjkneafsey@lbl.gov RI Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014 OI Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004705, 3P432 ES04705-14, P42 ES004705-170026, P42 ES004705-180026] NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 143 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00147-5 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 770NV UT WOS:000188737600001 PM 14734243 ER PT J AU Liu, CX Zachara, JM Smith, SC AF Liu, CX Zachara, JM Smith, SC TI A cation exchange model to describe Cs+ sorption at high ionic strength in subsurface sediments at Hanford site, USA SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE sorption; cesium; ion exchange; ionic strength; water activity; contamination ID CLAY-MINERALS; CESIUM; ILLITE; EQUILIBRIUM; SELECTIVITY; RADIOCESIUM; FIXATION AB A theoretical and experimental study of cation exchange in high ionic strength electrolytes was performed using pristine subsurface sediments from the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford site. These sediments are representative of the site contaminated sediments impacted by release of high level waste (HLW) solutions containing Cs-137(+) in NaNO3 brine. The binary exchange behavior of Cs+-Na+, Cs+-K+, and Na+-K+ was measured over a range in electrolyte concentration. Vanselow selectivity coefficients (K-v) that were calculated from the experimental data using Pitzer model ion activity corrections for aqueous species showed monotonic increases with increasing electrolyte concentrations. The influence of electrolyte concentration was greater on the exchange of Na+-Cs+ than K+-Cs+, an observation consistent with the differences in ion hydration energy of the exchanging cations. A previously developed two-site ion exchange model [Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66 (2002) 193] was modified to include solvent (water) activity changes in the exchanger phase through application of the Gibbs-Duhem equation. This water activity-corrected model well described the ionic strength effect on binary Cs+ exchange, and was extended to the ternary exchange system of Cs+-Na+-K+ on the pristine sediment. The model was also used to predict Cs-137(+) distribution between sediment and aqueous phase (K-d) beneath a leaked HLW tank in Hanfordd's S-SX tank using the analytical aqueous data from the field and the binary ion exchange coefficients for the pristine sediment. The K-d predictions closely followed the trend in the field data and were improved by consideration of water activity effects that were considerable in certain regions of the vadose zone plume. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, CX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongxuan.liu@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 217 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00143-8 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 770NV UT WOS:000188737600005 PM 14734247 ER PT J AU Punshon, T Jackson, BP Bertsch, PM Burger, J AF Punshon, T Jackson, BP Bertsch, PM Burger, J TI Mass loading of nickel and uranium on plant surfaces: application of laser ablation-ICP-MS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED ANALYSIS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SPECTROMETRY; SEDIMENTS; SAMPLES; SOILS; GLASS AB Transport of contaminated sediments from a former radiological settling pond results in the deposition of U and Ni in the Lower Tims Branch (LTB) (Aiken, SC, USA). Uranium is unavailable for plant uptake, but elevated U and Ni concentrations associated with foliage of understory plants suggested mass loading. Mass loading of contaminated soil on Andropogon elliottii Chapman (Poaceae) was investigated using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The technique allows for rapid quantitative elemental depth profiling. Fresh washed and unwashed leaves (n = 5) from the contaminated area were compared with those from an uncontaminated area, analysing Ni and U at ten randomly chosen points on each leaf. Nickel and U concentrations differed significantly between washed and unwashed leaves from LTB. Particles on unwashed leaves measured up to 300 mum in diameter, and were enriched with U. Uranium was detected on the surface of the leaf, whereas Ni was detected within leaf tissues. In unwashed LTB leaves, Ni and U concentrations did not significantly differ in areas with and without visible particles, suggesting that there were much smaller particles, indistinguishable at x 100 magnification, which contributed to the overall metal burden. Washing removed the majority of the Ni and U on the surface, but residual U and Ni was detected. Irregularities in the leaf surface, such as scars from herbivory contained elevated U concentrations despite a washing step, presumably from trapping soil. particles. Laser ablation ICP-MS revealed that mass loading makes a significant contribution to the contaminant burden of understory plants at LTB. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Punshon, T (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, 604 Allison Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM punshon@srel.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO 5022] NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1039/b310878c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 803TM UT WOS:000220253400013 PM 14760460 ER PT J AU Sato, N Ohmori, M Ikeuchi, M Tashiro, K Wolk, CP Kaneko, T Okada, K Tsuzuki, M Ehira, S Katoh, H Okamoto, S Yoshimura, H Fujisawa, T Kamei, A Yoshihara, S Narikawa, R Hamano, T Tabata, S Kuhara, S AF Sato, N Ohmori, M Ikeuchi, M Tashiro, K Wolk, CP Kaneko, T Okada, K Tsuzuki, M Ehira, S Katoh, H Okamoto, S Yoshimura, H Fujisawa, T Kamei, A Yoshihara, S Narikawa, R Hamano, T Tabata, S Kuhara, S TI Use of segment-based microarray in the analysis of global gene expression in response to various environmental stresses in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp PCC 7120 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anabaena; desiccation; genome-wide gene expression; low temperature; microarray; nitrogen deficiency ID RNA-BINDING PROTEIN; SP STRAIN PCC-7120; TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROGRAM; SYNECHOCYSTIS; SPORULATION; PCC-6803; REVEALS; NITRATE; YEAST; LIGHT AB We prepared microarrays that contain genomic sequences of a heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. The complete genome of this cyanobacterium codes for about 5,368 protein-coding genes in the main chromosome of 6.4 Mbp. In total, 2,407 DNA segments were selected from the sequencing clones, and amplified by PCR, then spotted on glass slides in duplicate. These microarrays differ from the widely used commercial or custom-made ones for other microorganisms in that each DNA segment was 3-4 kbp long, and contained about 3-4 predicted genes on average. This feature, however, did not decrease the usefulness of the microarrays, since we were able to detect a number of potentially novel genes that are induced in response to nitrogen deprivation, low temperature and drought. In addition, we found some genomic regions in which dozens of contiguous genes are simultaneously regulated. These results suggest that these segment-based microarrays are useful especially for such large genomes as Anabaena, for which the number of genes exceeds either technical or practical limitations. C1 Saitama Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Sakura Ku, Saitama 3388570, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Life Sci Biol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Genet Resources Technol, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Kazusa DNA Res Inst, Chiba 2920818, Japan. Tokyo Univ Pharm & Life Sci, Sch Life Sci, Tokyo 1920392, Japan. RP Sato, N (reprint author), Saitama Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Sakura Ku, 255 Shimo Ohkubo, Saitama 3388570, Japan. EM naokisat@molbiol.saitama-u.ac.jp NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU MICROBIOL RES FOUNDATION PI TOKYO PA JAPAN ACAD SOC CENTER BLDG 4-16 YAYOI 2-CHOME, TOKYO, 113-0032, JAPAN SN 0022-1260 EI 1349-8037 J9 J GEN APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.2323/jgam.50.1 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 819WP UT WOS:000221347100001 PM 15057705 ER PT J AU Batra, P Delgado, A Kaplan, DE Tait, TMP AF Batra, P Delgado, A Kaplan, DE Tait, TMP TI The Higgs mass bound in gauge extensions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry breaking; supersymmetry phenomenology; supersymmetric effective theories ID BOSON MASS; BREAKING; UNIFICATION; SPECTRUM; LIMITS AB The minimal supersymmetric standard model, and extensions, have stringent upper bounds on the mass of the lightest Higgs boson if perturbativity up to the Planck scale is assumed. We argue that these bounds are softened tremendously if the Higgs is charged under an asymptotically free gauge group. We present a model with an additional SU(2) gauge group which easily produces Higgs masses above 200 GeV while avoiding electroweak constraints. If one allows some fine-tuning of the high-scale value of the gauge coupling, Higgs masses greater than 350 GeV are achieved. Unification of couplings is predicted to similar accuracy as in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with only small deviations at the two-loop level. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM pbatra@post.harvard.edu; adelgado@pha.jhu.edu; dkaplan@pha.jhu.edu; tait@fnal.gov NR 33 TC 166 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 IS 2 AR 043 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 812AP UT WOS:000220812700043 ER PT J AU Bousso, R AF Bousso, R TI Bound states and the Bekenstein bound SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE black holes in string theory; models of quantum gravity ID TO-ENERGY-RATIO; GENERALIZED 2ND LAW; BLACK-HOLE PHYSICS; ENTROPY BOUNDS; ACCELERATION RADIATION; INFORMATION; SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMICS AB We explore the validity of the generalized Bekenstein bound, S less than or equal to piMa. We define the entropy S as the logarithm of the number of states which have energy eigenvalue below M and are localized to a flat space region of width a. If boundary conditions that localize field modes are imposed by fiat, then the bound encounters well-known difficulties with negative Casimir energy and large species number, as well as novel problems arising only in the generalized form. In realistic systems, however, finite-size effects contribute additional energy. We study two different models for estimating such contributions. Our analysis suggests that the bound is both valid and nontrivial if interactions are properly included, so that the entropy S counts the bound states of interacting fields. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bousso, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bousso@physics.harvard.edu NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 IS 2 AR 025 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 812AP UT WOS:000220812700025 ER PT J AU Jamin, M Oller, JA Pich, A AF Jamin, M Oller, JA Pich, A TI Order p(6) chiral couplings from the scalar K pi form factor SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE kaon physics; QCD; chiral lagrangians ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; LOW-ENERGY; ONE LOOP; QUARK; SCATTERING; EXPANSION; MESONS; DECAYS; NONET; SIGMA AB Employing results from a recent determination of the scalar Kpi form factor F-0(Kpi) within a coupled channel dispersion relation analysis [1], in this work we calculate the slope and curvature of F-0(Kpi)(t) at zero momentum transfer. Knowledge of the slope and curvature of the scalar Kpi form factor, together with a recently calculated expression for F-0(Kpi)(t) in chiral perturbation theory at order p(6), enable to estimate the O(p(6)) chiral constants C-12(r) (M-rho) = (0.3 +/- 5.4) . 10(-7) and (C-12(r) + C-34(r)) (M-rho) = (3.2 +/- 1.5) . 10(-6). Our findings also allow to estimate the contribution coming from the C-i to the vector form factor F-+(Kpi)(0) which is a crucial ingredient for a precise determination of \V-us\ from K-l3 decays. Our result F-+(Kpi)(0)\C-i(r) = -0.018 +/- 0.009, though inflicted with large uncertainties, is in perfect agreement with a previous estimate by Leutwyler and Roos already made twenty years ago. C1 Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Murcia, Dept Fis, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, Dept Fis Teor, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Fermilab Theory Grp, Batavia, IL USA. RP Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM Jamin@Uni-HD.DE; Oller@um.es; Antonio.Pich@uv.es NR 41 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 IS 2 AR 047 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 812AP UT WOS:000220812700047 ER PT J AU Landsteiner, K Lazaroiu, CI Tatar, R AF Landsteiner, K Lazaroiu, CI Tatar, R TI Chiral field theories, Konishi anomalies and matrix models SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superstring vacua; anomalies in field and string theories; matrix models ID SUPERSYMMETRIC GAUGE-THEORIES; SUPERPOTENTIALS; DUALITIES; GEOMETRY; DYNAMICS; CURVES; BRANES; FLAVOR AB We study a chiral N = 1, U(N) field theory in the context of the Dijkgraaf-Vafa correspondence. Our model contains one adjoint, one conjugate symmetric and one antisymmetric chiral multiplet, as well as eight fundamentals. We compute the generalized Konishi anomalies and compare the chiral ring relations they induce with the loop equations of the (intrinsically holomorphic) matrix model defined by the tree-level superpotential of the field theory. Surprisingly, we find that the matrix model is well-defined only if the number of flavors equals two! Despite this mismatch, we show that the 1/(N) over cap expansion of the loop equations agrees with the generalized Konishi constraints. This indicates that the matrix model - gauge theory correspondence should generally be modified when applied to theories with net chirality. We also show that this chiral theory produces the same gaugino superpotential as a nonchiral SO(N) model with a single symmetric multiplet and a polynomial superpotential. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor CXVI, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Humboldt Univ, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Landsteiner, K (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor CXVI, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM Karl.Landsteiner@uam.es; calin@physik.hu-berlin.de; rtatar@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 IS 2 AR 044 PG 40 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 812AP UT WOS:000220812700044 ER PT J AU Sarangan, AM Peake, GM AF Sarangan, AM Peake, GM TI Enhancement of lateral mode discrimination in broad-area VCSELs using curved Bragg mirrors SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lateral mode; microlens; nonplanar; shadow mask; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS AB This paper studies a novel technique for enhancing the single mode properties of large-area oxide-confined vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). It utilizes a nonplanar shadow masked epitaxial growth to spatially detune part of the upper Bragg stack from the lower stack. The resulting mirror reflectivity modulation is used to enhance the discrimination between the lateral modes. Compared to other techniques, this method results in a larger difference in threshold gain between the lateral modes. We have developed a quasi-three-dimensional (3-D) optical model to analyze this laser. Simulation results indicate that even a small curvature can enhance the mode discrimination, and single mode operation may be possible for VCSEL diameters much greater than 2 mum.. C1 Univ Dayton, Electro Opt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sarangan, AM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electro Opt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM sarangan@udayton.edu NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1109/JLT.2004.824378 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 806OS UT WOS:000220443800028 ER PT J AU Blanton, WB Logan, JW Pines, A AF Blanton, WB Logan, JW Pines, A TI Rational reduction of periodic propagators for off-period observations SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE NMR; simulations; propagator reduction; time-dependent ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE NMR; QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; ROTATING SOLIDS; PULSE SEQUENCES; SIMULATION AB Many common solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance problems take advantage of the periodicity of the underlying Hamiltonian to simplify the computation of an observation. Most of the time-domain methods used, however, require the time step between observations to be some integer or reciprocal-integer multiple of the period, thereby restricting the observation bandwidth. Calculations of off-period observations are usually reduced to brute force direct methods resulting in many demanding matrix multiplications. For large spin systems, the matrix multiplication becomes the limiting step. A simple method that can dramatically reduce the number of matrix multiplications required to calculate the time evolution when the observation time step is some rational fraction of the period of the Hamiltonian is presented. The algorithm implements two different optimization routines. One uses pattern matching and additional memory storage, while the other recursively generates the propagators via time shifting. The net result is a significant speed improvement for some types of time-domain calculations. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blanton, WB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bo@theaddedones.com NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 166 IS 2 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2003.10.002 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 767TU UT WOS:000188469400005 PM 14729029 ER PT J AU Dobson, FS Chesser, RK Hoogland, JL Sugg, DW Foltz, DW AF Dobson, FS Chesser, RK Hoogland, JL Sugg, DW Foltz, DW TI The influence of social breeding groups on effective population size in black-tailed prairie dogs SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE allozymes; demography; effective population size; genetics; pedigree; social structure ID GENE DYNAMICS; MATING SYSTEM; F-STATISTICS; SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS; OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; STRUCTURED POPULATION; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; MAMMALS; DISPERSAL AB Effective population sizes reported in the literature typically range from a small fraction of the adult population to about half the number of breeding adults. Theoretically, however, social structuring of genetic diversity could produce effective sizes as great as or even greater than population size. A colony of the highly social black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) was studied in the field for 16 years, and data were gathered for estimation of effective population sizes from pedigrees, demography, and allozyme alleles. Social breeding groups ("coteries") within the colony exhibited high correlations of genes among individuals, and different coteries exhibited substantial genetic differentiation. Genetic diversity thus occurred within individuals, within coteries, and among coteries, and shifted among these levels of organization over time. "Instantaneous" estimates of effective size from short-term (annual) changes in genetic correlations were calculated from pedigree information but were not useful because they produced a wide diversity of estimates, due in part to the lack of demographic and genetic equilibrium in the colony. "Asymptotic" measures of effective population size that assumed eventual genetic equilibrium yielded relatively consistent estimates of effective sizes. For 10 years of empirical results from prairie dogs, effective population sizes from pedigrees (harmonic mean = 79.4), demographic model based on breeding groups (asymptote = 88.5), and allozyme data (harmonic mean = 88.9) were similar, and all were somewhat higher than the number of adults in the population (harmonic mean = 74.1). The colony of prairie dogs, therefore, exhibited a lower rate of loss of genetic diversity than expected, due to the genetic substructure created by the presence of social breeding groups. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Dobson, FS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM fsdobson@msn.com RI Hoogland, John/B-3950-2015 NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0058:TIOSBG>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 802BZ UT WOS:000220140300011 ER PT J AU Kim, J Camp, DG Smith, RD AF Kim, J Camp, DG Smith, RD TI Improved detection of multi-phosphorylated peptides in the presence of phosphoric acid in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE phosphopeptides; reversed-phase liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; bovine beta-casein; silanophilic interaction ID BOVINE BETA-CASEIN; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; STATIONARY PHASES; BASIC PHARMACEUTICALS; PHOSPHOPEPTIDES; SITES; RETENTION; DIGESTS; PHOSPHOPROTEOME AB In contrast to lower phosphorylation states (e.g. the tryptic monophosphopeptide FQpSEEQQQTEDELQDK from bovine beta-casein), the specific detection of multi-phosphorylated peptides (e.g. the tetraphosphopeptide RELEELNVPGEIVEpSLpSpSpSEESITR from tryptic digestion of bovine P-casein) has often been problematic for liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric (LC/MS) analysis owing to their high affinity for adsorption to exposed surfaces. We observed an enhancement in the overall detection of phosphopeptides on addition of phosphoric acid (0.1-1.0%) to the sample solution; a 10-fold increase in sensitivity was determined for the detection of two tryptic phosphopeptides and also a significant improvement in the detection of the tetraphosphopeptide. Using capillary LC with ion trap tandem MS for detection and identification, the achievable detection limits were 50 fmol and 50 pmol for the monophosphopeptide and the tetraphosphopeptide, respectively. Phosphoric acid is believed to act as a blocking agent to available silanol groups on both the silica capillary surface and the C-18-bonded stationary phase silica surface. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, MSIN K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Kim, Jeongkwon/C-6230-2012; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Kim, Jeongkwon/0000-0002-0087-1151; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 42 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 208 EP 215 DI 10.1002/jms.593 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 800IM UT WOS:000220022000011 PM 14991691 ER PT J AU Goods, SH Bradshaw, RW AF Goods, SH Bradshaw, RW TI Corrosion of stainless steels and carbon steel by molten mixtures of commercial nitrate salts SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE containment; corrosion; nitrate salt; solar central receiver; stainless steel AB The isothermal corrosion behavior of two stainless steels and a carbon (C) steel in mixtures of NaNO3, and KNO3, was evaluated to determine if the impurities found in commodity grades of alkali nitrates aggravate corrosivity as applicable to an advanced solar thermal energy system. Corrosion tests were conducted for approximately 7000 hours with Types 304 and 316 stainless steels at 570 degreesC and A36 C steel at 316 degreesC in seven mixtures of NaNO3, and KNO3 containing variations in impurity concentrations. Corrosion tests were also conducted in a ternary mixture of NaNO3, KNO3, and Ca(NO3)(2). Corrosion rates were determined by descaled weight losses while oxidation products were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron microprobe analysis (EPMA), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The nitrate mixtures were periodically analyzed for changes in impurity concentrations and for soluble corrosion products. Results of these tests indicated that the short-term corrosion rates of the stainless steel specimens in many of the mixtures could be described in terms of parabolic kinetics. However, no single rate law could be assigned to the corrosion kinetics resulting from exposure in all of the mixtures. For engineering applications, corrosion rates over the entire exposure period are best described as linear with respect to time. In the binary nitrate mixtures, the annualized rates of metal loss were found to be between 6 and 15 mum/year for the stainless steel specimens at 570 degreesC depending on the particular mixture. Metal loss for the C steel specimens immersed in these same mixtures at 316 degreesC extrapolated to approximately 1-4 mum/year. SEM and XRD revealed that the complex, multiphase surface oxides formed on the stainless steel coupons were composed primarily of iron-chromium spinel, iron oxides, and sodium ferrite. Magnetite was the principal corrosion product formed on the carbon steel specimens. Overall, for the typical range of impurities in commercially available nitrate salts, corrosion rates for solar thermal energy applications remained acceptable for all of the materials examined. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Goods, SH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM shgoods@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 33 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1361/10599490417542 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 773ZB UT WOS:000188954300010 ER PT J AU Fiederle, M Babentsov, V Fauler, A Witte, W Benz, KW James, RB AF Fiederle, M Babentsov, V Fauler, A Witte, W Benz, KW James, RB TI Semi-insulating cadmium telluride at low impurity concentrations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GE-DOPED CDTE; COMPENSATION; CRYSTALS; RESISTIVITY; SPECTRA; DETECTOR; PURITY; GAAS AB We report a substantial reduction in the impurity concentration of semi-insulating CdTe:Ge grown by the vertical Bridgman method by using sublimation of the feed material. Specific resistivity (rho(dark)) values of up to 3 x 10(9) Omega cm were obtained for samples with a relatively high photosensitivity (PS) value and optimal compensation. Concentrations of impurities in the feed and as-grown crystals were determined by the glow discharge mass spectroscopy (GDMS) method. The energy levels in the band-gap were studied by photoluminescence (PL), and the data were correlated with the GDMS measurements. The highest values of rho(dark) and PS were observed in the regions where the PL bands via the deep levels of Ge and Te antisite were present. C1 Univ Freiburg, Freiburger Mat Forschungszentrum, Inst Kristallog, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Environm & Natl Secur Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fiederle, M (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Freiburger Mat Forschungszentrum, Inst Kristallog, Hebelstr 25,Stefan Meier Str 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM michael.fiederle@fmf.uni-freiburg.de RI Fiederle, Michael/B-9750-2013 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 405 EP 408 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.2.405 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DI UT WOS:000222316200001 ER PT J AU Lu, ZP Liu, CT AF Lu, ZP Liu, CT TI Comments on "fabrication of ternary Mg-Cu-Gd bulk metallic glass with high glass-forming ability under air atmosphere" [H. Men and D H Kim, J. Mater. Res. 18, 1502 (2003)] SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; CASTING METHOD AB A new Mg-based bulk amorphous alloy (i.e., Mg65Cu25Gd10) has successfully been developed by Men and Kim [H. Men and D.H. Kim, J. Mater. Res. 18, 1502 (2003)]. They showed that this alloy exhibits significantly improved glass-forming ability (GFA) in comparison with Mg65Cu25Y10 alloy. However, this improved GFA cannot be indicated by the supercooled liquid region AT and the reduced glass-transition temperature T-rg. As shown in the current comment, the new parameter gamma, T-x/(T-g + T-1) defined in our recent papers [Z.P. Lu and C.T. Liu, Acta Mater. 50, 3501 (2002); Z.P. Lu and C.T. Liu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 115505 (2003)] can well gauge GFA for bulk metallic glasses, including the current Mg-based alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lu, ZP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 427 EP 428 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.2.427 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DI UT WOS:000222316200006 ER PT J AU Findikoglu, AT Kreiskott, S te Riele, PM Matias, V AF Findikoglu, AT Kreiskott, S te Riele, PM Matias, V TI Role of beam divergence and ion-to-molecule flux ratio in ion-beam-assisted deposition texturing of MgO SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; BUFFER LAYERS; THIN-FILMS; COATED CONDUCTORS; LASER DEPOSITION; DIFFRACTION AB The effect of process conditions on the biaxial texture of MgO films grown by ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) was studied. The texture showed a strong dependence on the Ar+/MgO flux ratio, but a weak dependence on the divergence of Ar+ beam. One hundred-nanometer-thick epi-MgO on less than 10-nm-thick textured IBAD-MgO films that were grown on 7-nm-thick Y2O3 layers on fused silica, metal alloy tape, and polished Si substrates showed biaxial texture with in- and out-of-plane orientation distributions of less than 4degrees and 2degrees, respectively. These results strengthen the notion that the IBAD technique could serve as a universal technological process to integrate amorphous and polycrystalline substrates with various oxide and semiconductor films that need to be grown with good biaxial texture. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Superconduct technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Findikoglu, AT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Superconduct technol Ctr, MS T004, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM findik@lanl.aov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 501 EP 504 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.2.501 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DI UT WOS:000222316200017 ER PT J AU Toivola, Y Somerday, BP Shediac, R Cook, RF AF Toivola, Y Somerday, BP Shediac, R Cook, RF TI Effect of storage in aqueous environments on polymer-metal interfacial fracture SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); INTEGRATION CHALLENGES; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; ALUMINUM-OXIDE; ADHESION; SURFACE; TOUGHNESS; COMPOSITES; RESISTANCE; STRENGTH AB The effect of environmental exposure on the fracture characteristics of two polymer-metal interfaces was measured using a four-point bend delamination test. Films of high-molecular-weight polymethylinethacrylate (PMMA) resin were spin-cast on metal-coated silicon wafer substrates, for which the metal was either titanium or aluminum. Sandwich beam specimens were fabricated and stored in one of the following conditions prior to the bending tests: vacuum desiccator at 25 degreesC, vacuum desiccator at 65 degreesC, distilled water at 25 degreesC, or distilled water at 65 degreesC. Load-displacement behavior measured during bending revealed significant differences between the delamination characteristics of the two PMMA-metal interfaces after vacuum exposure which were eliminated after the degrading effects of water exposure. Three distinctive load-displacement behaviors were observed: plateau, fracture at a single load; R-curve, fracture at increasing load with crack extension; and stick-slip, cycles of gradual load increase and sudden load drop with crack extension. PMMA-Al samples stored in vacuum desiccator at 25 degreesC exhibited R-curve fracture and the largest average crack driving force, G(C), 12.2 (+/-0.5) J/m(2), of all samples tested. After storage in 25 degreesC water, these PMMA-Al samples exhibited stick-slip fracture and G(C) decreased to 7.1 (+/-2.6) j/m(2): storage in 65 degreesC water further decreased G(C) to 2.1 (+/-0.7) j/m(2). PMMA-Ti samples exhibited stick-slip fracture after storage in vacuum desiccator at 25 degreesC, with an average G(C) of 8.0 (+/-2.6) j/m(2); storage in 65 degreesC water resulted in a transition to plateau fracture and a decrease in G(C) to 1.6 (+/-0.3) j/m(2). The initial difference and subsequent similarity are interpreted in terms of surface toughness and hydrolysis, respectively. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Toivola, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 557 EP 567 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.2.557 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DI UT WOS:000222316200024 ER PT J AU de Boer, MP Luck, DL Ashurst, WR Maboudian, R Corwin, AD Walraven, JA Redmond, JM AF de Boer, MP Luck, DL Ashurst, WR Maboudian, R Corwin, AD Walraven, JA Redmond, JM TI High-performance surface-micromachined inchworm actuator SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE force characterization; friction; interfacial contact mechanics; linear actuation; MEMS stepping actuator; Michelson interferometry ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; TANGENTIAL FORCE; MEMS; CONTACT; FILMS; DEPOSITION; ADHESION; IMPACT; DESIGN; MOTOR AB This work demonstrates a polycrystalline silicon surface-micromachined inchworm actuator that exhibits high-performance characteristics such as large force (+/-0.5 millinewtons), large velocity range (0 to +/-4.4 mm/sec), large displacement range (+/-100 microns), small step size (+/-10, +/-40 or +/-100 nanometers), low power consumption (nanojoules per cycle), continuous bidirectional operation and relatively small area (600 x 200 mum(2)). An in situ load spring calibrated on a logarithmic scale from micronewtons to millinewtons, optical microscopy and Michelson interferometry are used to characterize its performance. The actuator consists of a force-amplifying plate that spans two voltage-controlled clamps, and walking is achieved by appropriately sequencing signals to these three components. In the clamps, normal force is borne by equipotential rubbing counterfaces, enabling friction to be measured against load. Using different monolayer coatings, we show that the static coefficient of friction can be changed from 0.14 to 1.04, and that it is load-independent over a broad range. We further rind that the static coefficient of friction does not accurately predict the force generated by the actuator and attribute this to nanometer-scale presliding tangential deflections. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013 OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324 NR 38 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2003.823236 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 780BG UT WOS:000189350800007 ER PT J AU Cloak, CC Chang, L Ernst, T Barr, MC Huitron-Resendiz, S Sanchez-Alavez, M Phillips, TR Henriksen, S AF Cloak, CC Chang, L Ernst, T Barr, MC Huitron-Resendiz, S Sanchez-Alavez, M Phillips, TR Henriksen, S TI Methamphetamine and AIDS: (HMRS)-H-1 studies in a feline model of human disease SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference of the Society-of-NeuroImmune-Pharmacology CY OCT 02-06, 2002 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FLORIDA SP SNIP, Univ So Florida DE HIV; FIV; methamphetamine; proton MRS; white matter ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NAIVE HIV PATIENTS; METABOLITE ABNORMALITIES; NEURONAL INJURY; PROTON MRS; BRAIN; DEMENTIA; NEUROTOXICITY; ABUSE; RISK AB Potential interactions between psychostimulant drugs and infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) on brain metabolism were evaluated. Four groups of cats were studied: control, FIV positive, methamphetamine (MA) exposed, and FIV positive plus MA exposed. Frontal gray matter, frontal white matter, and caudate brain extracts were studied with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((HMRS)-H-1). In the frontal white matter, FIV-infected cats showed decreases in creatine and choline, while MA-treated cats had elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The decreased glutamate in FIV cats normalized with MA exposure. FIV and MA both affect brain metabolites individually and combined. (HMRS)-H-1 is useful for evaluating the effects of FIV and drug abuse in the brain. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY USA. Vaccine Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Cloak, CC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY USA. EM cloak@bnl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [R24 RR10712]; NIDA NIH HHS [T32 DA07316, P01 DA12444-03] NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 147 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.009 PG 5 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 772GQ UT WOS:000188834000007 PM 14741420 ER PT J AU Becher, PF Lance, MJ Ferber, MK Hoffmann, MJ Satet, RL AF Becher, PF Lance, MJ Ferber, MK Hoffmann, MJ Satet, RL TI The influence of Mg substitution for Al on the properties of SiMeRE oxynitride glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID O-N GLASSES; EARTH ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SIALON GLASSES; VISCOSITY; ELASTICITY; CERAMICS; RANGE; LA AB The thermal mechanical properties of 60Si20Mg20RE (RE: rare earth) oxynitride glasses can be tailored by the substitution of rare earths of decreasing ionic size. The Young's modulus, hardness, glass transition temperature and viscosity all increase with the substitution La by Gd and Gd by Lu while the thermal expansion coefficients decrease. Compared to the 55Si25Al20RE oxynitride glasses, replacement of At by Mg lowers the glass transition temperatures and viscosities and raises the thermal expansion coefficients substantially. On the other hand, the Young's moduli are higher in the Mg-bearing glasses. These behaviors are seen to be a result in changes in the nature of the bonding in the glass structure. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Struct Ceram Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Ceram Mech Engn, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Becher, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Struct Ceram Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM becherpf@ornl.gov RI Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016 OI Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 333 IS 2 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.044 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 763NB UT WOS:000188091300002 ER PT J AU Surh, MP Sturgeon, JB Wolfer, WG AF Surh, MP Sturgeon, JB Wolfer, WG TI Master equation and Fokker-Planck methods for void nucleation and growth in irradiation swelling SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; CENTERED-CUBIC METALS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; AUSTENITIC ALLOYS; DOSE-RATE; ACCUMULATION; CREEP AB A complete theory of void swelling in irradiated metals requires the treatment of defect cluster nucleation events, as well as subsequent growth of stable clusters. One difficulty is that small-voids evolve rapidly and reversibly, whereas the secular evolution of the overall system is extremely slow. Thus, rate theory models for the void size distribution entail a set of stiff, coupled equations. A combined Master equation and Fokker-Planck numerical approach is introduced to address this problem and permit large time-steps at late times. Calculations are stable in practice, easily converged, and computationally efficient to large doses over a wide range in temperatures. The results are encouraging compared to experiment and earlier, related calculations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sturgeon, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-353,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sturgeon2@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 325 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2003.10.013 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 766MC UT WOS:000188379300006 ER PT J AU Fowler, JS AF Fowler, JS TI Radiotracer chemistry in 2003: Better prediction needed SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT News Item ID BETA-AMYLOID PLAQUES; NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTER; BRAIN; LIGAND; PET; MEDICINE; BINDING; MICE C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fowler, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 26N EP + PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 775VZ UT WOS:000189082500005 ER PT J AU Pantaleo, J AF Pantaleo, J TI DOE Isotope Program updates SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT News Item C1 US DOE, Off Isotopes Med & Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Pantaleo, J (reprint author), US DOE, Off Isotopes Med & Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 47N EP 47N PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 775VZ UT WOS:000189082500016 ER PT J AU Wagner, J Sullivan, DP Faulkner, D Fisk, WJ Alevantis, LE Dod, RL Gundel, LA Waldman, JM AF Wagner, J Sullivan, DP Faulkner, D Fisk, WJ Alevantis, LE Dod, RL Gundel, LA Waldman, JM TI Environmental tobacco smoke leakage from smoking rooms SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE environmental tobacco smoke; exposure assessment; designated smoking rooms; indoor air quality; ventilation ID NICOTINE AB Twenty-seven laboratory experiments were conducted in a simulated smoking room to quantify rates of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) leakage to a nonsmoking area as a function of the physical and operational characteristics of the smoking room. Data are presented for the various types of leakage flows, the effect of these leaks on smoking room performance and nonsmoker exposure, and the relative importance of each leakage mechanism. The results indicate that the first priority for an effective smoking room is to maintain it depressurized with respect to adjoining nonsmoking areas. The amount of ETS pumped out by the smoking room door when it is opened and closed can be reduced significantly by substituting a sliding door,for the standard swing-type door. An "open doorway" configuration used twice the ventilation flow of those with smoking room doors, but yielded less reduction in nonsmoker exposure. Measured results correlated well with results modeled with mass-balance equations (R-2 = 0.82-0.99). Most of these results are based on sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas leakage. Because five measured ETS tracers showed good correlation with SF6, these conclusions should apply to ETS leakage as well. Field tests of a designated smoking room in an office building qualitatively agreed with model predictions. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Oakland, CA USA. RP Wagner, J (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Mailstop G365,EHLB, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM jwagner@dhs.ca.gov NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 1 IS 2 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1080/15459620490275902 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 816GR UT WOS:000221098900007 PM 15204885 ER PT J AU Plimpton, SJ Hendrickson, B Stewart, JR AF Plimpton, SJ Hendrickson, B Stewart, JR TI A parallel rendezvous algorithm for interpolation between multiple grids SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE multiple grid interpolation; rendezvous algorithm; partitioning ID SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB A number of computational procedures employ multiple grids on which solutions are computed. For example, in multi-physics simulations a primary grid may be used to compute mechanical deformation of an object while a secondary grid is used for thermal conduction calculations. When modeling coupled thermo-mechanical effects, solution data must be interpolated back and forth between the grids each timestep. On a parallel machine, this grid transfer operation can be challenging if the two grids are decomposed across processors differently for reasons of computational efficiency. If the grids move or adapt separately, the complexity of the operation is compounded. In this paper, we describe two grid transfer algorithms suitable for massively parallel simulations which use multiple grids. They use a rendezvous technique wherein a third decomposition is used to search for elements in one grid that contain nodal points of the other. This has the advantage of enabling the grid transfer operation to be load-balanced separately from the remainder of the computations. The algorithms are designed for use within the multi-physics code SIERRA, an object-oriented framework developed at Sandia. Performance and scalability results are given for the grid transfer operation running on up to 1024 processors of two large parallel machines, the Intel Tflops (ASCI Red) and DEC-Alpha CPlant cluster. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Plimpton, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sjplimp@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 64 IS 2 BP 266 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2003.11.006 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 775XA UT WOS:000189084900007 ER PT J AU Ahmadi, G Ji, C Smith, DH AF Ahmadi, G Ji, C Smith, DH TI Numerical solution for natural gas production from methane hydrate dissociation SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hydrate; natural gas production; hydrate dissociation; numerical model ID POROUS-MEDIA; DECOMPOSITION AB This paper describes a one-dimensional model for natural gas production from the dissociation of methane hydrate in a confined reservoir by a depressurizing well. The approach accounts for the heat released by hydrate dissociation and convection - conduction heat transfer in the gas and hydrate zone. The system of governing equations is solved using a finite-difference scheme. For different well pressures and reservoir temperatures, the gas flow, the pressure and temperatures conditions in the reservoir are simulated. Distributions of temperature and pressure in the hydrate and gas regions and time evolutions of natural gas output also are evaluated. It is shown that the gas production rate is a sensitive function of well pressure. In addition, both heat conduction and convection in the hydrate zone is important. The simulation results are compared with the linearization approach and the shortcomings of the earlier approach are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Ahmadi, G (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM ahmadi@clarkson.edu NR 19 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 41 IS 4 BP 269 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.profnurs.2003.09.004 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 768UL UT WOS:000188553400003 ER PT J AU Opdahl, A Phillips, RA Somorjai, GA AF Opdahl, A Phillips, RA Somorjai, GA TI Solvent- and interface-induced surface segregation in blends of isotactic polypropylene with poly (ethylene-co-propylene) rubber SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE adhesion; atomic force microscopy; polypropylene; surfaces ID FREQUENCY VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; SIDE BRANCHES; ENRICHMENT; FILMS; COPOLYMERS; SCATTERING; MIXTURES; SFG AB The surface compositions and morphologies of melt-quenched blends of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with aspecific poly(ethylene-co-propylene) rubber (aEPR) were characterized by atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface morphologies and compositions formed in the melt are frozen-in by crystallization of the iPP component and, depending on the processing conditions, are enriched in iPP or aEPR or contain a phase-separated mix of iPP and aEPR. Enrichment of iPP is observed for blends melted in open air, in agreement with earlier work showing the high surface activity of atactic polypropylene at open interfaces. Surface segregation of iPP is suppressed at confined interfaces. Blends melt-pressed between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates have phase-separated iPP and aEPR domains present at the surface, which grow in size as the melt time increases. Surface enrichment of aEPR is observed after exposing melt-pressed blends to n-hexane vapor, which preferentially solvates aEPR and draws it to the surface. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Basell USA, Res & Dev Ctr, Elkton, MD 21921 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 421 EP 432 DI 10.1002/polb.10528 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 764FM UT WOS:000188196800007 ER PT J AU Chen, JC Maslenikov, OR AF Chen, JC Maslenikov, OR TI Seismic soil-structure interaction responses of N-reactor facility SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB This paper summarizes our seismic analysis of the soil structure interaction (SSI) responses of N-reactor facility. In the SSI analysis, CLASS1 computer codes were used to calculate SSI responses of the structures and to generate the input motions for the nonlinear reactor core analysis. In addition, the responses were compared to the responses from the SASSI analysis under review. The impact of the foundation modeling techniques and the effect of soil stiffness variations on SSI response were also investigated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, New Technol Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. ABSG Consulting Inc, Oakland, CA USA. RP Chen, JC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, New Technol Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1115/1.1640371 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 800OG UT WOS:000220037000005 ER PT J AU Xu, J DeGrassi, G Chokshi, N AF Xu, J DeGrassi, G Chokshi, N TI Insights gleaned from NRC-BNL benchmark evaluation of seismic analysis methods for non-classically damped coupled SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB Under the auspices of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) developed a comprehensive program to evaluate state-of-the-art methods and computer programs for seismic analysis of typical coupled nuclear power plant (NPP) systems with non-classical damping. In this program, four benchmark models of coupled building-piping/equipment systems with different damping characteristics were developed and analyzed by BNL for a suite of earthquakes. The BNL analysis was carried out by the Wilson-theta time domain integration method with the system-damping matrix computed using a synthesis formulation as presented in a companion paper (Xu, J., 2003). These benchmark problems were subsequently distributed to and analyzed by program participants applying their uniquely developed methods and computer programs. This paper presents the insights gleaned from the participants' analyses, and the comparison of their results to the BNL time history solutions. The participant's results established using complex modal time history methods showed close agreement with the BNL solutions, while the analyses produced with either complex-mode response spectrum methods or classical normal-mode response spectrum method, in general, produced relatively conservative results, when averaged over a suite of earthquakes. However when coupling due to damping is significant, complex-mode response spectrum methods performed better than the classical normal-mode response spectrum method. Furthermore, as part of the program objectives, a parametric assessment is performed aiming at evaluating the applicability and sensitivity of various analysis methods to problems with different dynamic characteristics unique to coupled NPP systems. It is believed that the findings and insights learned from this program are useful in developing new acceptance criteria and providing guidance for future regulatory activities involving licensing applications of these alternate methods to coupled systems. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1115/1.1638388 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 800OG UT WOS:000220037000011 ER PT J AU Graziani, FR AF Graziani, FR TI The quantum radiative transfer equation: quantum damping, Kirchoff's Law, and the approach to equilibrium of photons in a quantum plasma SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE radiation transport; non-local thermodynamic equilibrium; stochastic systems; quantum many body theory ID 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS; HYDRODYNAMIC ALGORITHMS; DISSIPATIVE SYSTEM; ZEUS-2D; TESTS; FLUCTUATIONS; OSCILLATOR; MECHANICS AB A method is presented based on the theory of quantum damping, for deriving a self-consistent but approximate form of the quantum transport for photons interacting with a fully ionized electron plasma. Specifically, we propose in this paper a technique for approximately including the effects of a background plasma on a photon distribution function by replacing the influence of the plasma degrees of freedom with quantum fluctuation and damping terms in the radiation transport equation. We consider the Markov limit where the electron relaxation time scale is short compared to the photon relaxation time scale. The result is a quantum Langevin equation for the photon number operator; the quantum radiative transfer equation. A dissipation term appears which is the imaginary part of the dielectric function for an electron gas undergoing electron scattering due to emission and absorption of photons. It depends only on the initial state of the plasma. A quantum noise operator also appears as a result of spontaneous emission of photons from the electron plasma. The thermal expectation value of this noise operator yields the emissivity which is exactly of the form of the Kirchoff-Planck relation. This non-zero thermal expectation value is a direct consequence of a fluctuation-dissipation relation. The fluctuations of the quantum noise operator yield the deviations from the Kirchoff-Planck relation. Using the quantum radiative transfer equation, transient fluctuations in the photon number are computed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div B, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Graziani, FR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div B, POB 808,L-095, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 83 IS 3-4 BP 711 EP 733 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00116-X PG 23 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 743MY UT WOS:000186577500031 ER PT J AU Oomi, G Kagayama, T Smith, JL Lacerda, AH Kaji, S Ohashi, M AF Oomi, G Kagayama, T Smith, JL Lacerda, AH Kaji, S Ohashi, M TI Effect of pressure on intermediate valence states in cerium Kondo compounds SO JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS LA English DT Article DE condensel physics; intermediate valence materials; cerium; rare earths ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; CEINCU2; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CEBE13; CE AB Electrical resistance, thermal expansion, lattice constants of the Intermediate valence materials, alpha-Ce and CeBe13, were measured at high pressure. It is found that the Gruneisen parameters of Kondo temperature T-K are 13 and 42 for alpha-Ce and CeBe13, respectively, and it decreases with increasing pressure. The magnetoresistance of alpha-Ce shows H-2 dependence and its coefficient increases with pressure below 1 GPa, but becomes nearly constant above 1 GPa. The results indicate that the intermediate valence states are enhanced at high pressure, indicating the enhancement of hybridization between the 4f electron and conduction band. C1 Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8108650, Japan. Kumamoto Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oomi, G (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8108650, Japan. EM Oomi@rc.kyushu-u.ac.jp NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY PRESS PI BEIJING PA 2 XINJIEKOUWAI DAJIE, BEIJING 100088, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1002-0721 J9 J RARE EARTH JI J. Rare Earths PD FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 813BX UT WOS:000220883700002 ER PT J AU Myers, DR Emery, K Gueymard, C AF Myers, DR Emery, K Gueymard, C TI Revising and validating spectral irradiance reference standards for photovoltaic performance evaluation SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE reference; standard; spectrum; modeling; models ID SOLAR-RADIATION; EARTHS SURFACE; DIRECT BEAM; DATA SETS; MODEL; DIFFUSE; ATMOSPHERE; DATABASE; SKIES AB In 1982, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) adopted consensus standards for direct-normal and hemispherical ("global") tilted solar terrestrial spectra (ASTM E891/E892/GI59). These standard spectra were intended to evaluate photovoltaic (PV) device performance and other solar-related applications. The International Standards Organization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) adopted these spectra as spectral standards ISO 9845-1 and IEC 60904-3. Additional information and more accurately representative spectra are needed by today's PV community. Modern terrestrial spectral radiation models, knowledge of atmospheric physics, and measured radiometric quantities are applied to develop new reference spectra under consideration byASTM. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM darl_myers@nrel.gov NR 52 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD FEB PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 567 EP 574 DI 10.1115/1.1638784 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 779GN UT WOS:000189287100001 ER PT J AU Dye, D Wood, B Fraas, L Muhs, J AF Dye, D Wood, B Fraas, L Muhs, J TI Optical design of an infrared non-imaging device for a full-spectrum solar energy system SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE non-imaging; thermophotovoltaic; infrared; full-spectrum AB A-full-spectrum solar energy system is being designed by a research team lead by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Nevada, Reno. [1,2] The benchmark collector/receiver and prototype thermophotovoltaic (TPV) array have been built [3], so the work performed here is to match the two systems. together for optimal performance. It is shown that a hollow, rectangular-shaped non-imaging (NI) device only 23 cm long can effectively distribute the JR-flux incident on the TPV array mounted behind the secondary mirror. Results of the ray-tracing analysis of the different systems tested are presented. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. JX Crystals Inc, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dye, D (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Mail Stop 312, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dye@unr.edu; bdwood@unr.edu; lfraas@jxcrystals.com; um4@ornl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD FEB PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 676 EP 679 DI 10.1115/1.1639381 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 779GN UT WOS:000189287100019 ER PT J AU Hess, NJ Xia, YX Rai, D Conradson, SD AF Hess, NJ Xia, YX Rai, D Conradson, SD TI Thermodynamic model for the solubility of TcO2 center dot xH(2)O(am) in the aqueous Tc(IV)-Na+-Cl--H+-OH--H2O system SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE solubility; TcO2 center dot xH(2)O(am); thermodynamic model; chloride; XAS; UV-vis spectroscopy ID NATURAL-WATERS; TECHNETIUM; PREDICTION; TC(IV); STATE AB Solubility studies of TcO2 . xH(2)O(am) have been conducted as a function of H+ concentration from 1 x 10(-5) to 6 M HCl and as a function of chloride concentration from 1 x 10(-3) to 5 M NaCl. These experiments were conducted under carefully controlled reducing conditions such that the preponderance of Tc present in solution is in the reduced oxidation state and was determined to be Tc(IV) by XANES analysis. The aqueous species and solid phases were characterized using a combination of techniques including thermodynamic analyses of solubility data, XRD, and XANES, EXAFS, and UV-vis spectroscopies. Chloride was found to significantly affect Tc( IV) concentrations through (1) the formation of Tc(IV) chloro complexes [i.e., TcCl4(aq) and TcCl62-] and a stable compound [ data suggests this compound to be TcCl4( am)] in highly acidic and relatively concentrated chloride solutions, and (2) its interactions with the positively charged hydrolyzed Tc( IV) species in solutions of relatively low acidity and high chloride concentrations. A thermodynamic model was developed that included hitherto unavailable chemical potentials of the Tc(IV)-chloro species and Pitzer ion-interaction parameters for Tc( IV) hydrolyzed species with bulk electrolyte ions used in this study. The thermodynamic model presented in this paper is consistent with the extensive data reported in this study and with the reliable literature data and is applicable to a wide range of HC and Cl concentrations and ionic strengths. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hess, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 28 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 199 EP 226 DI 10.1023/B:JOSL.0000030285.11512.1f PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 827DN UT WOS:000221879100008 ER PT J AU Ahn, KH Zhu, JX Nussinov, Z Lookman, T Saxena, A Balatsky, AV Bishop, AR AF Ahn, KH Zhu, JX Nussinov, Z Lookman, T Saxena, A Balatsky, AV Bishop, AR TI Atomic scale elastic textures coupled to electrons in superconductors SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE elasticity textures; nanoscale electronic structure; superconductors ID IMPURITY AB We present an atomic scale theory of lattice distortions using strain-related variables and their constraint equations. Our approach connects constrained atomic length scale variations to continuum elasticity and can describe elasticity at all length scales. We apply the general approach to a two-dimensional square lattice with a monatomic basis, and find the atomic scale elastic textures around a structural domain wall and a single defect, as exemplar textures. We clarify the microscopic origin of anisotropic gradient terms, some of which are included phenomenologically in Landau-Ginzburg theory. The obtained elastic textures are used to investigate the effects of elasticity-driven lattice deformation on the nanoscale electronic structure in superconductor by solving the Bogliubov-de Gennes equations with the electronic degrees of freedom coupled to the lattice ones. It is shown that the order parameter is depressed in the regions where the lattice deformation takes place. The calculated local density of states suggests the electronic structure is strongly modulated as a response to the lattice deformation - the elasticity propagates the electronic response over long distances. In particular, the trapping of low-lying quasiparticle states around the defects is possible. These predictions could be directly tested by STM experiments in superconducting materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ahn, KH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1023/B:JOSC.0000011832.89047.81 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762YP UT WOS:000188035400003 ER PT J AU Egami, T AF Egami, T TI Synergetic phonon-spin-charge mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE phonon; mechanism of superconductivity; electron-phonon coupling; spin-phonon coupling ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; LO PHONONS; POLARIZATION AB For a long time the majority opinion in the field of high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) has been that it is purely an electronic phenomenon involving spin, and could be explained by a t-J Hamiltonian. Phonons and local distortion were regarded as irrelevant or harmful to HTSC. However, various experimental results indicate strong phonon involvement and ubiquitous presence of local spin-charge-lattice inhomogeneity. We suggest that the electron phonon (e-p) coupling in the cuprate is unconventional, and a synergetic coupling of spin, charge, and phonon could explain the HTSC phenomenon. In our view the spin-charge-lattice inhomogeneity is a signature of such a coupling and an important component of the HTSC mechanism. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Sci Alliance, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Egami, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1023/B:JOSC.0000011841.69542.f9 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762YP UT WOS:000188035400012 ER PT J AU Dvorsek, D Kabanov, VV Demsar, J Karpinski, J Kazakov, SM Mihailovic, D AF Dvorsek, D Kabanov, VV Demsar, J Karpinski, J Kazakov, SM Mihailovic, D TI Femtosecond pump-probe polarization dependent investigation of relaxation dynamics in YBa2Cu4O8 SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE high-temperature superconductivity; femtosecond spectroscopy; carrier relaxation dynamics ID OPTICAL-RESPONSE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TIME AB Femtosecond pump probe experiments are reported on quasiparticle relaxation and recombination in YBa2Cu4O8 as a function of temperature and polarization. We compare our results with the data obtained on YBa2Cu3O7-delta and show that similar two-component relaxation is present in both cases. A strong polarization anisotropy of the picosecond response is observed below T-c and interpreted with the aid of a simple model which considers the anisotropy of the probe transition matrix elements. C1 Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Dvorsek, D (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RI Demsar, Jure/B-5578-2008; Kazakov, Sergey/A-4139-2014; Demsar, Jure/F-7243-2016 OI Demsar, Jure/0000-0003-4551-7444; Kazakov, Sergey/0000-0002-0553-7881; NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1023/B:JOSC.0000011847.78265.4a PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762YP UT WOS:000188035400018 ER PT J AU Homes, CC Dordevic, SV Bonn, DA Liang, R Hardy, WN AF Homes, CC Dordevic, SV Bonn, DA Liang, R Hardy, WN TI Energy scales in the high-T-c superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE superconductivity; infrared; spectral weight; YBa2Cu3O6+x ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SUM-RULE; CONDUCTIVITY; PSEUDOGAP AB The optical conductivity sum rule is used to examine the evolution of the spectral weight N(omega) in both the normal and superconducting states of optimally and underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x along the a axis. Differences in N(omega) above and below T-c allow the strength of the superconducting condensate rho(s) to be determined. In the optimally-doped material, rho(s) is fully formed at energies comparable to the full superconducting gap maximum (similar or equal to0.1 eV), while in the underdoped material the energy scale for convergence is considerably higher (similar or equal to0.6 eV). This difference is discussed in terms of normal-state properties. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Homes, CC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1023/B:JOSC.0000011848.79570.de PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762YP UT WOS:000188035400019 ER PT J AU Stern, EA Han, SW Haskel, D AF Stern, EA Han, SW Haskel, D TI Dynamic inhomogeneities in the La2CuO4-based superconductors SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE La2CuO4-based superconductors; dynamic inhomogeneities; orientation disorder; high-T-c ID LA2-XBAXCUO4; PHASE; DISORDER; XAFS AB Polarization-dependent X-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) measurements on the local structure of the La2CuO4-based high-T-c superconductors La2-xSrxCuO4, La2-xBaxCuO4, and La1.6-xSrxNd0.4CuO4 find, among others, orientation disorder induced in the Cu-O-2 planes by doping Sr, Ba, and alloying Nd atoms, all such atoms residing in La-sites. The orientation disorder is of two types: mostly static-buckling disorder, and dynamic disordering of the tilt angles of the Cu-O-6 octahedra correlated in nanoscale regions, with respect to neighboring nanoscale regions. Buckling disorder in the Cu-O-2 planes has the greatest detrimental effect on T-c and conductivity for such foreign atoms. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stern, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1023/B:JOSC.0000011849.77303.e6 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762YP UT WOS:000188035400020 ER PT J AU Gedik, N Orenstein, J Liang, R Bonn, DA Hardy, WN AF Gedik, N Orenstein, J Liang, R Bonn, DA Hardy, WN TI Transient gratings formed by nonequilibrium quasiparticles in YBa2Cu3O6.5 SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE ultrafast; cuprates; diffusion; quasiparticle; transient grating ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SURFACE; LIQUIDS; TIME AB We report transient grating measurements of nonequilibrium quasiparticles in untwinned single crystals of YBa2Cu3O6.5. By interfering two laser beams on the sample, we introduce a sinusoidally varying density of nonequilibrium quasiparticles. A third laser beam incident on this pattern is both reflected and diffracted due to the sinusoidally varying index change caused by photoinduced quasiparticles. In this paper, we focus on the low excitation density limit. In this limit, measuring the reflected and diffracted beams as a function of the time and grating period yields the diffusion constant and elastic scattering rate for these nonequilibrium quasiparticles. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Gedik, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Orenstein, Joseph/I-3451-2015 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1023/B:JOSC.0000011853.04776.a1 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762YP UT WOS:000188035400024 ER PT J AU Demsar, J Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ AF Demsar, J Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ TI Nonequilibrium superconductivity probed by time-resolved far-infrared conductivity dynamics: Comparison between MgB2 and YBa2Cu3O7 SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE non-equilibrium superconductivity; femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy; terahertz spectroscopy; cuprates; MgB2 ID QUASI-PARTICLE DYNAMICS; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE MANGANITES; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; PHONON LIFETIMES; TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE AB We present studies of superconducting state recovery dynamics in superconductors probed by time-resolved optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy. In these experiments femtosecond optical pulses excite the superconductor out of equilibrium, while the condensate and quasiparticle dynamics are probed by measuring the associated changes in the far-infrared conductivity as a function of time delay with respect to the excitation pulse. Recent results on MgB2 and YBa2Cu3O7 are presented, with main differences and similarities between the two pointed out and discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Demsar, Jure/B-5578-2008; Demsar, Jure/F-7243-2016 OI Demsar, Jure/0000-0003-4551-7444; NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1023/B:JOSC.0000011858.63802.26 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762YP UT WOS:000188035400029 ER PT J AU Gulacsi, M Bussmann-Holder, A Bishop, AR AF Gulacsi, M Bussmann-Holder, A Bishop, AR TI Competing interactions of spin and lattice in the Kondo lattice model SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE competing interactions; polarons; Kondo; Lattice ID DOUBLE EXCHANGE; FERROMAGNETISM; POLYACETYLENE; BOSONIZATION; BEHAVIOR; LIQUID AB The magnetic properties of a system of coexisting localized spins and conduction electrons are investigated within an extended version of the one-dimensional Kondo lattice model in which effects stemming from the electron-lattice and on-site Coulomb interactions are explicitly included. After bosonizing the conduction electrons, is it observed that intrinsic inhomogeneities with the statistical scaling properties of a Griffiths phase appear, and determine the spin structure of the localized impurities. The appearance of the inhomogeneities is enhanced by appropriate phonons and acts destructively on the spin ordering. The inhomogeneities appear on well-defined length scales and can be compared to the formation of intrinsic mesoscopic metastable patterns which are found in two-fluid systems. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Dept Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Australian Natl Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Dept Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 17 IS 1 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1023/B:JOSC.0000011861.86397.9d PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 762YP UT WOS:000188035400032 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RA Ilgner, RH Tomkins, BA Peters, DW AF Jenkins, RA Ilgner, RH Tomkins, BA Peters, DW TI Development and application of protocols for the determination of response of real-time particle monitors to common indoor aerosols SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; PARTICULATE MATTER; FINE PARTICLES; EXPOSURE; BALTIMORE; NEPHELOMETER; INSTRUMENTS; EMISSIONS; TAVERN; MASS AB Protocols have been developed and applied for the generation of aerosols that are likely to be comparable to those encountered in field settings for the calibration of easily transportable/portable real-time particle monitors. Aerosols generated were simulated environmental tobacco smoke, cedar wood smoke, cooking oil fumes, and propane stove particles. The time-integrated responses of three nephelometers and a monitor for particle-bound polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were compared with gravimetric respirable suspended particulate matter (RSP) in a controlled-atmosphere chamber. In general, the monitor responses increased linearly with increasing mass concentration. However, the two monitors that reported mass per volume concentrations tended to overreport the actual RSP concentrations by factors up to 4.4. The real-time PAH monitor did not respond to cooking oil fumes, indicative of little PAH being present in the aerosol. One of the monitors that has been used in a variety of studies reported in the literature (DustTrak) was collocated with gravimetric RSP samplers in several hospitality venues in the Louisville, KY, area. Field studies indicated that the units overreported actual RSP concentrations by factors of 2.6-3.1, depending on whether the sampling was conducted in the nonsmoking or smoking sections of the facilities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Environm Chem & Mass Spectrometry, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Environm Hlth Management, Louisville, KY USA. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Environm Chem & Mass Spectrometry, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jenkinsra@ornl.gov OI Tomkins, Bruce/0000-0001-8520-1415 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 54 IS 2 BP 229 EP 241 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768MV UT WOS:000188547500011 PM 14977324 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, AA Herman, H Almer, J Lienert, U Haeffner, D AF Kulkarni, AA Herman, H Almer, J Lienert, U Haeffner, D TI Denth-resolved porosity investigation of EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings using high-energy X-rays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; DEPOSITS; STRESS AB Demands for designing prime reliant, energy-efficient, and high-performance thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in gas turbines have led to a growing interest toward comprehensive microstructural characterization. Here we investigate the novel use of high-energy X-rays for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), together with wide-angle scattering and radiography, for the depth-resolved characterization of TBCs grown by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The coating microstructure is found to consist of columns perpendicular to the substrate, extending through the thickness, with a [001] growth texture and significant intercolumnar porosity. In addition, overshadowing effects during deposition together with gas entrapment give rise to nanoscale intracolumnar porosity consisting of featherlike and globular pores. Radiography showed an increase in the total porosity, from 15 % near the substrate to 25% near the coating surface, which is ascribed to an increase in the intercolumnar spacing at the top of the coating. By contrast, the small-angle scattering studies, which are sensitive to fine features, showed the pore internal surface area to be greatest near the substrate. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corp, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. RP Kulkarni, AA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00268.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 777DB UT WOS:000189158500015 ER PT J AU Smay, JE Cesarano, J Tuttle, BA Lewis, JA AF Smay, JE Cesarano, J Tuttle, BA Lewis, JA TI Directed colloidal assembly of linear and annular lead zirconate titanate arrays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITES; PIEZOELECTRICS AB Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) arrays for ultrasonic sensing applications in the 2-30-MHz frequency range were fabricated by robocasting, a directed colloidal assembly technique. Both linear and annular arrays were produced by robotically depositing a concentrated PZT gel-based ink to create high-aspect-ratio PZT elements (thickness similar to 130 mum and height similar to1-2 mm) of varying pitch (similar to250-410 mum). The arrays were densified and infiltrated with an epoxy resin to fabricate PZT-polymer composites with 2-2 connectivity. Their dielectric and piezoelectric constants were measured and compared with values obtained for bulk PZT and those predicted theoretically. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smay, JE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 293 EP 295 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00293.x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 777DB UT WOS:000189158500020 ER PT J AU Belov, ME Anderson, GA Wingerd, MA Udseth, HR Tang, KQ Prior, DC Swanson, KR Buschbach, MA Strittmatter, EF Moore, RJ Smith, RD AF Belov, ME Anderson, GA Wingerd, MA Udseth, HR Tang, KQ Prior, DC Swanson, KR Buschbach, MA Strittmatter, EF Moore, RJ Smith, RD TI An automated high performance capillary liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer for high-throughput proteomics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GELS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; EXTERNAL ACCUMULATION; PEPTIDE; DATABASE; ELECTROPHORESIS; INTERFACE; TAGS; CALIBRATION AB We describe a fully automated high performance liquid chromatography 9.4 tesla Fourier transform ion resonance cyclotron (FTICR) mass spectrometer system designed for proteomics research. A synergistic suite of ion introduction and manipulation technologies were developed and integrated as a high-performance front-end to a commercial Bruker Daltonics FTICR instrument. The developments incorporated included a dual-ESI-emitter ion source; a dual-channel electrodynamic ion funnel; tandem quadrupoles for collisional cooling and focusing, ion selection, and ion accumulation, and served to significantly improve the sensitivity, dynamic range, and mass measurement accuracy of the mass spectrometer. In addition, a novel technique for accumulating ions in the ICR cell was developed that improved both resolution and mass measurement accuracy. A new calibration methodology is also described where calibrant ions are introduced and controlled via a separate channel of the dual-channel ion funnel, allowing calibrant species to be introduced to sample spectra on a real-time basis, if needed. We also report on overall instrument automation developments that facilitate high-throughput and unattended operation. These included an automated version of the previously reported very high resolution, high pressure reversed phase gradient capillary liquid chromatography (LC) system as the separations component. A commercial autosampler was integrated to facilitate 24 h/day operation. Unattended operation of the instrument revealed exceptional overall performance: Reproducibility (1-5% deviation in uncorrected elution times), repeatability (<20% deviation in detected abundances for more abundant peptides from the same aliquot analyzed a few weeks apart), and robustness (high-throughput operation for 5 months without significant downtime). When combined with modulated-ion-energy gated trapping, the dynamic calibration of FTICR mass spectra provided decreased mass measurement errors for peptide identifications in conjunction with high resolution capillary LC separations over a dynamic range of peptide peak intensities for each spectrum of 10(3) and >10(5) for peptide abundances in the overall separation. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, MSIN K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 62 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 212 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2003.09.008 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 772DP UT WOS:000188825600010 PM 14766289 ER PT J AU Lopez-Herrera, JM Barrero, A Boucard, A Loscertales, IG Marquez, M AF Lopez-Herrera, JM Barrero, A Boucard, A Loscertales, IG Marquez, M TI An experimental study of the electrospraying of water in air at atmospheric pressure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CONE-JET MODE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRIC-FIELD; IONIZATION; LIQUIDS AB Water solutions with electrical conductivities ranging from that of the deionized water up to 2 S/m have been electrosprayed in air through narrow silica tubes. Results show unambiguously that steady cone jets of water in air without the assistance of glow discharge can be formed for the range of electrical conductivities we have explored. The absence of corona discharge has been proven not only for the good agreement between the experimental results and the scaling laws given in the cone-jet literature but also for the independence of the spray current on the atmosphere (air or CO2) in which water was being electrosprayed. Other regimes such as the electric dripping and the assisted glow discharge cone-jet mode that appear in the electrospraying of water in air at room temperature have also been investigated. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Univ Sevilla, Escuela Super Ingn, Seville, Spain. Univ Malaga, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Ind, Malaga 29013, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Barrero, A (reprint author), Univ Sevilla, Escuela Super Ingn, Camino Descubrimientos S-N, Seville, Spain. EM barrero@eurus2.us.es OI Lopez-Herrera, Jose/0000-0002-3063-8676 NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2003.10.018 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 772DP UT WOS:000188825600013 PM 14766292 ER PT J AU Scott, MJ Vail, LW Jaksch, J Stockle, CO Kemanian, A AF Scott, MJ Vail, LW Jaksch, J Stockle, CO Kemanian, A TI Water exchanges: Tools to beat El Nino climate variability in irrigated agriculture SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate variability; drought; water law; water management; El Nino; southern oscillation; water markets; water transfers ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; RIVER; ENSO; FORECASTS; MANAGEMENT; SALMON; OSCILLATION; PREDICTION; PATTERNS; IMPACTS AB Using a case study of the Yakima River Valley in Washington State, this paper shows that relatively simple tools can be used to forecast the impact of the El Nino phenomenon on water supplies to irrigated agriculture, that this information could be used to estimate the significantly shifted probability distribution of water shortages in irrigated agriculture during El Nino episodes, and that these shifted probabilities can be used to estimate the value of exchanges of water between crops to relieve some of the adverse consequences of such shortages under western water law. Further, recently devised water-trading tools, while not completely free under western water law to respond to forecasted El Nino episodes (ocean circulation patterns), are currently being employed during declared drought to reduce the devastating effects of water shortages in junior water districts on high valued perennial crops. Additional institutional flexibility is needed to take full advantage of climate forecasting, but even current tools clearly could prove useful in controlling the effects of climate variability in irrigated agriculture. Analysis shows the significant benefit of temporarily transferring or renting water rights from low-value to high-value crops, based on El Nino forecasts. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Scott, MJ (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, POB 999,Mail Stop K6-05, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 15 EP 31 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01006.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 808TG UT WOS:000220590800002 ER PT J AU Passell, HD Dahm, CN Bedrick, EJ AF Passell, HD Dahm, CN Bedrick, EJ TI Hydrological and geochemical trends and patterns in the Upper Rio Grande, 1975 to 1999 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; surface water hydrology; dissolved solids; middle Rio Grande Basin; New Mexico; long term trends; major cations and anions ID WATER-QUALITY TRENDS; RIPARIAN FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE-WATER; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; NEW-MEXICO; PRECIPITATION; CHEMISTRY AB Hydrological and geochemical spatial patterns and temporal trends were analyzed using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) water quality data collected from 1975 to 1999 along the uppermost 600 kin of the Rio Grande in Colorado and New Mexico. Data on discharge, specific conductivity (SC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Ca(2+), Na(+), Mg(2+), K(+), HCO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), Cl(-), F(-), and SiO(2) came from six USGS stations ranging from the Colorado-New Mexico border to below Albuquerque, New Mexico. Linear regression, Kendall's S, and Seasonal Kendall's S' were used to detect trends, and ANOVA was used to analyze spatial differences between stations. Statistically significant increasing trends occurred in SC, TDS, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, and F- in the uppermost reaches, and significant decreasing trends of SC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, HCO(3)(-), and SO(4)(2-) occurred at the lower stations around Albuquerque. Both fluoride concentrations and pH values increased at and below Albuquerque over the study period. Discharge data show an increasing trend across all stations. Spatially, data for dissolved substances show generally linear upstream to downstream increases in concentrations in the upper four stations, with several notable nonlinear increases at and below Albuquerque (SC, TDS, Na(+), Cl(-)). Significant increases in pH appear at and below Albuquerque, relative to upstream stations, probably due to improved sewage treatment. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Passell, HD (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM hdpasse@sandia.gov NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 111 EP 127 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01014.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 808TG UT WOS:000220590800010 ER PT J AU Brekke, LD Miller, NL Bashford, KE Quinn, NWT Dracup, JA AF Brekke, LD Miller, NL Bashford, KE Quinn, NWT Dracup, JA TI Climate change impacts uncertainty for water resources in the San Joaquin River Basin, California SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; snowpack; California; reservoir operations ID MODEL AB A climate change impacts assessment for water resources in the San Joaquin River region of California is presented. Regional climate projections are based on a 1 percent per year CO2 increase relative to late 20th Century CO2 conditions. Two global projections of this CO2 increase scenario are considered (HadCM2 and PCM) during two future periods (2010 to 2039 and 2050 to 2079). HadCM2 projects faster warming than PCM. HadCM2 and PCM project wetter and drier conditions, respectively, relative to present climate. In the HadCM2 case, there would be increased reservoir inflows, increased storage limited by existing capacity, and increased releases for deliveries and river flows. In the PCM case, there would be decreased reservoir inflows, decreased storage and releases, and decreased deliveries. Impacts under either projection case cannot be regarded as more likely than the other. Most of the impacts uncertainty is attributable to the divergence in the precipitation projections. The range of assessed impacts is too broad to guide selection of mitigation projects. Regional planning agencies can respond by developing contingency strategies for these cases and applying the methodology herein to evaluate a broader set Of CO2 scenarios, land use projections, and operational assumptions. Improved agency access to climate projection information is necessary to support this effort. C1 US Bur Reclamat, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brekke, LD (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, MP-710,2800 Cottage Way, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. EM lbrekke@mp.usbr.gov RI Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010 NR 17 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01016.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 808TG UT WOS:000220590800012 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Balasubramanian, M Yang, XQ Fu, ZG Fischer, DA McBreen, J AF Yoon, WS Balasubramanian, M Yang, XQ Fu, ZG Fischer, DA McBreen, J TI Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of a LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode during charge SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI ION DEINTERCALATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; K-EDGE; OXYGEN CONTRIBUTION; OK-EDGE; LICOO2; COVALENCY; XANES; PROBE AB Soft X-ray (200 to 1000 eV) absorption spectroscopy at the O K-edge and the metal L-II,L-III-edges, in both the fluorescence yield (FY) and the partial electron yield (PEY) mode, has been used to probe the electronic structure of electrochemically deintercalated Li1-xNi0.5Mn0.5O2. FY and PEY spectra of the transition metal L-II,L-III-edges, indicated that Mn ions remain mostly unchanged in the Mn4+ state at all levels of charge. However, the Ni FY L-edge spectra show a continuous shift to higher energy during charge, but remain mostly unchanged in the PEY data. The results of the FY data show that the Ni ions in the bulk are oxidized form Ni2+ to Ni4+ during charge. The difference between the surface-sensitive PEY data and the bulk-sensitive FY data indicates that the surface of Li1-xNi0.5Mn0.5O2 has a different electronic structure than the bulk. The shift in the O K-edge to lower energies and the development of a shoulder on the low energy side of the first pre-edge peak indicates that the holes compensating the lithium ion deintercalation are located in O 2p states as well as Ni 3d states. These results show that soft X-ray absorption is a powerful technique for studying the electronic structure of new battery materials and it provides unique complementary information to that obtained from hard X-ray (above 1000 eV) absorption studies at the transition metal K-edges. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jmcbreen@bnl.gov RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 NR 23 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP A246 EP A251 DI 10.1149/1.1637896 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 764CR UT WOS:000188182100009 ER PT J AU Wall, FD Johnson, CM Barbour, JC Martinez, MA AF Wall, FD Johnson, CM Barbour, JC Martinez, MA TI The effects of chloride implantation on pit initiation in aluminum SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANODIC ALUMINA; OXIDE-FILMS; IONS; BREAKDOWN; CL; ADSORPTION; MIGRATION; CORROSION; METALS; XPS AB High-purity aluminum samples were implanted with 35 keV Cl+ then polarized in both Cl-- containing and Cl-- free electrolytes in order to ascertain corrosion behavior as a function of Cl- content in the oxide. Implant fluence between 5 x 10(15) and 2 x 10(16) Cl+ cm(-2) resulted in little or no localized attack. Implant fluences of 3 x 10(16) and 5 x 10(16) Cl+ cm(-2) resulted in significant pitting in a Cl-- free electrolyte with the severity scaling as a function of implant fluence. The low variability in the pitting behavior of the 5 x 10(16) Cl+ cm(-2) sample suggests that this implant dosage results in a critical Cl- concentration in the oxide for pit nucleation. The passive current density (i(pass)) decreased with increasing implant fluence. A space-charge effect is proposed to account for this phenomenon, although effects from defect interactions and possible oxide thickening are still under consideration. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wall, FD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM fdwall@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP B77 EP B81 DI 10.1149/1.1637898 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 764CR UT WOS:000188182100026 ER PT J AU Sorooshian, J DeNardis, D Charns, L Li, Z Shadman, F Boning, D Hetherington, D Philipossiana, A AF Sorooshian, J DeNardis, D Charns, L Li, Z Shadman, F Boning, D Hetherington, D Philipossiana, A TI Arrhenius characterization of ILD and copper CMP processes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB To date, chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) models have relied heavily on parameters such as pressure, velocity, slurry, and pad properties to describe material removal rates. One key parameter, temperature, which can impact both the mechanical and chemical facets of the CMP process, is often neglected. Using a modified definition of the generalized Preston's equation with the inclusion of an Arrhenius relationship, thermally controlled polishing experiments are shown to quantify the contribution of temperature to the relative magnitude of the thermally dependent and thermally independent aspects of copper and interlayer dielectric (ILD) CMP. The newly defined Preston's equation includes a modified definition of the activation energy parameter contained in the Arrhenius portion, the combined activation energy, which describes all events (chemical or mechanical) that are impacted by temperature during CMP. Studies indicate that for every consumable set combination (i.e., slurry and polishing pad) a characteristic combined Arrhenius activation energy can be calculated for each substrate material being polished. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. MIT, Microsyst Technol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sorooshian, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jamshid@email.arizona.edu NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 151 IS 2 BP G85 EP G88 DI 10.1149/1.1635388 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 764CR UT WOS:000188182100051 ER PT J AU Choi, IH Lee, DH Choi, YD Yu, YM Yu, PY AF Choi, IH Lee, DH Choi, YD Yu, YM Yu, PY TI Optical and vibrational properties of the chalcopyrite CdGeP2 SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CdGCP(2); Raman shift ID PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; RAMAN MODES; COEFFICIENTS; CRYSTALS; AGGAS2 AB We grew CdGeP2 single crystals by using the horizontal Bridgman method. The oscillating transmission spectra of polarized light at various sample temperatures and the Raman shift as function of pressure were observed, and the difference in the refractive index near energy band gap and the Biot dispersion of CdGeP2 as functions of temperature were determined. In the temperature range between room temperature and near 100 K, in which the thermal expansion effect is dominant, the temperature coefficient of the optical energy band gap is given by dE(g,op)/dT = -4.95 x 10(-4) eV/K. The Biot dispersion varied linearly within the temperature in the range between 100 K and 250 K, and the linear coefficient of the Biot dispersion in that temperature range was about 1.61 x 10(-5) rad-mum. We measured the Raman shift under pressure. The linear pressure coefficient of the Raman modes in CdGeP2 could be divided roughly into three groups according to its magnitude. C1 Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. Mokwon Univ, Dept Opt & Elect Phys, Taejon 301729, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Choi, IH (reprint author), Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. EM ihchoi@cau.ac.kr NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 2 BP 403 EP 407 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 774WD UT WOS:000189008400034 ER PT J AU Lebensohn, RA Tome, CN Maudlin, PJ AF Lebensohn, RA Tome, CN Maudlin, PJ TI A selfconsistent formulation for the prediction of the anisotropic behavior of viscoplastic polycrystals with voids SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE self-consistent; polycrystal model; damage evolution; voids; plasticity ID INCORPORATING FIELD FLUCTUATIONS; EFFECTIVE MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NONLINEARLY VISCOUS COMPOSITES; SELF-CONSISTENT APPROACH; CONSTITUTIVE RESPONSE; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; POROUS MATERIALS; PARTICLE-SIZE; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION AB In this work we consider the presence of ellipsoidal voids inside polycrystals subjected to large strain deformation. For this purpose, the originally incompressible viscoplastic selfconsistent (VPSC) formulation of Lebensohn and Tome (Acta Metall. Mater. 41 (1993) 2611) has been extended to deal with compressible polycrystals. In doing this, both the deviatoric and the spherical components of strain-rate and stress are accounted for. Such an extended model allows us to account for the void and for porosity evolution, while preserving the anisotropy and crystallographic capabilities of the VPSC model. The formulation can be adjusted to match the Gurson model, in the limit of rate-independent isotropic media and spherical voids. We present several applications of this extended VPSC model, which address the coupling between texture, plastic anisotropy, void shape, triaxiality, and porosity evolution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tome, CN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ricardo@ifir.edu.ar; tome@lanl.gov RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD FEB PY 2004 VL 52 IS 2 BP 249 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0022-5096(03)0114-5 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 776AG UT WOS:000189092400001 ER PT J AU Wiedenheft, B Stedman, K Roberto, F Willits, D Gleske, AK Zoeller, L Snyder, J Douglas, T Young, M AF Wiedenheft, B Stedman, K Roberto, F Willits, D Gleske, AK Zoeller, L Snyder, J Douglas, T Young, M TI Comparative genomic analysis of hyperthermophilic archaeal Fuselloviridae viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARCHAEBACTERIUM SULFOLOBUS-ACIDOCALDARIUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINASES; CRENARCHAEON SULFOLOBUS; PARTICLE SSV1; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; GENETIC ELEMENTS; SOLFATARICUS; FAMILY; DNA AB The complete genome sequences of two Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs) from acidic hot springs in Kamchatka (Russia) and Yellowstone National Park (United States) have been determined. These nonlytic temperate viruses were isolated from hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus hosts, and both viruses share the spindle-shaped morphology characteristic of the Fuselloviridae family. These two genomes, in combination with the previously determined SSV1 genome from Japan and the SSV2 genome from Iceland, have allowed us to carry out a phylogenetic comparison of these geographically distributed hyperthermal viruses. Each virus contains a circular double-stranded DNA genome of similar to15 kbp with approximately 34 open reading frames (ORFs). These Fusellovirus ORFs show little or no similarity to genes in the public databases. In contrast, 18 ORFs are common to all four isolates and may represent the minimal gene set defining this viral group. In general, ORFs on one half of the genome are colinear and highly conserved, while ORFs on the other half are not. One shared ORF among all four genomes is an integrase of the tyrosine recombinase family. All four viral genomes integrate into their host tRNA genes. The specific tRNA gene used for integration varies, and one genome integrates into multiple loci. Several unique ORFs are found in the genome of each isolate. C1 Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. DOE, INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Young, M (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, POB 173150, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM myoung@montana.edu RI Douglas, Trevor/F-2748-2011 NR 43 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 78 IS 4 BP 1954 EP 1961 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.4.1954.2004 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 769RE UT WOS:000188662900035 PM 14747560 ER PT J AU Khatsko, EN Zheludev, A Tranquada, JM Klooster, WT Knigavko, AM Srivastava, RC AF Khatsko, EN Zheludev, A Tranquada, JM Klooster, WT Knigavko, AM Srivastava, RC TI Neutron scattering study of the layered Ising magnet CsDy(MoO4)(2) SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIPOLE-DIPOLE INTERACTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; KER(MOO4)2; CRYSTALS; MODEL AB The quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet CsDy(MoO4)(2) is studied by neutron diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering. The crystal structure of two low-temperature phases (below 120 K and below 40 K) is determined. An approximate structure of the magnetically ordered phase (T-N=1.36 K) is proposed. In the ordered state the order-parameter critical exponent beta=0.17(0.01), the in-plane correlation length exponent nu=0.94(0.07), and the staggered susceptibility critical index gamma=1.01(0.04) were determined. Comparing these results to the exact solution for a 2D Ising magnet, we conclude that, although 2D behavior is apparent in CsDy(MoO4)(2), there are deviations from the simple 2D Ising model. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, B Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Khatsko, EN (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, B Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, 47 Lenin Ave, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM khatsko@ilt.kharkov.ua RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-777X J9 LOW TEMP PHYS+ JI Low Temp. Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1063/1.1645155 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 777XQ UT WOS:000189209500005 ER PT J AU Cheryauka, AB Lee, JN Samsonov, AA Defrise, M Gullberg, GT AF Cheryauka, AB Lee, JN Samsonov, AA Defrise, M Gullberg, GT TI MRI diffusion tensor reconstruction with PROPELLER data acquisition SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING LA English DT Article ID MOTION; TOMOGRAPHY AB MRI diffusion imaging is effective in measuring the diffusion tensor in brain, cardiac, liver, and spinal tissue. Diffusion tensor tomography MRI (DTT MRI) method is based on reconstructing the diffusion tensor field from measurements of projections of the tensor field. Projections are obtained by appropriate application of rotated diffusion gradients. In the present paper, the potential of a novel data acquisition scheme, PROPELLER (Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction), is examined in combination with DTT MRI for its capability and sufficiency for diffusion imaging. An iterative reconstruction algorithm is used to reconstruct the diffusion tensor field from rotated diffusion weighted blades by appropriate rotated diffusion gradients. DTT MRI with PROPELLER data acquisition shows significant potential to reduce the number of weighted measurements, avoid ambiguity in reconstructing diffusion tensor parameters, increase signal-to-noise ratio, and decrease the influence of signal distortion. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utah, Ctr Adv Med Technol, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Sch Comp, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Free Univ Brussels, AZ VUB Univ Hosp, Div Nucl Med, Brussels, Belgium. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cheryauka, AB (reprint author), Univ Utah, Ctr Adv Med Technol, Dept Radiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM Arvi.Cheryuaka@med.ge.com FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P20 HL68566-01] NR 28 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0730-725X J9 MAGN RESON IMAGING JI Magn. Reson. Imaging PD FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.mri.2003.08.001 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 804HL UT WOS:000220289700001 PM 15010105 ER PT J AU Xun, Y Tan, MJ Nieh, TG AF Xun, Y Tan, MJ Nieh, TG TI Grain boundary characterisation in superplastic deformation of Al-Li alloy using electron backscatter diffraction SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminium lithium alloy; superplasticity; grain boundaries; EBSD ID CONTINUOUS RECRYSTALLIZATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; ZR ALLOY; MG ALLOY; SIZE; MICROSCOPY; MECHANISMS; TEXTURE AB The superplastic deformation and microstructural evolution of an as processed 8090 Al-Li alloy has been investigated with particular attention to the dynamic grain size refinement and the formation of high angle grain boundaries during concurrent straining and annealing. Tensile tests were conducted at temperatures in the range 470-560degreesC and initial strain rates of 10(-2) - 10(-4) s(-1), and the starting and deformed samples were characterised using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. The material showed superplasticity with a maximum elongation to failure of 660% at 530degreesC and a strain rate of 10(-3) s(-1); the stress-strain curves exhibited a steady state flow following a rapid drop in flow stress, which corresponds to a microstructural transformation from a coarse grained to a uniform fine grained microstructure through dynamic recrystallisation (DRX). Despite the initial bimodal grain structure, the DRX process resulted in a gradual increase in average boundary misorientation angles. The development of these high angle boundaries was a result of the absorption of dislocations into sub-boundaries and grain boundary sliding induced subgrain rotation. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mech & Prod Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Xun, Y (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mech & Prod Engn, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM mmjtan@ntu.edu.sg RI Tan, Ming-Jen/A-3862-2011; Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Tan, Ming-Jen/0000-0002-3583-1723; Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1179/026708304225011216 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 803BY UT WOS:000220207800004 ER PT J AU Carr, R AF Carr, R TI Separation algorithms for classes of STSP inequalities arising from a new STSP relaxation SO MATHEMATICS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE symmetric traveling salesman problem; separation; lifting; node lifting; polyhedron; polytope; inequalities ID TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM; COMB INEQUALITIES; PLANAR GRAPHS; POLYTOPE; TSP AB The problem of separating a class of inequalities that are valid for the symmetric traveling salesman problem (STSP) consists of devising an efficient method that, given a fractional point x* for a relaxation of the STSP, either finds an inequality in the given class of STSP inequalities that is violated by x* or determines that there are no such violated inequalities. We can define important classes of STSP inequalities by performing Naddef's and Rinaldi's (1993) node-lifting operation on STSP inequalities defined on small graphs. We present efficient methods for exactly separating large classes of STSP inequalities that arise from an STSP relaxation related to node lifting. In particular, we show how to find efficiently the most-violated inequality in the class of STSP inequalities having a backbone set with a constant number k of vertices, and thus separate in polynomial time the class of all STSP inequalities whose backbone set has at most k vertices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9215, Discrete Algorithms & Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carr, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9215, Discrete Algorithms & Math, MS 1110,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bobearr@cs.sandia.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0364-765X J9 MATH OPER RES JI Math. Oper. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 80 EP 91 DI 10.1287/moor.1030.0058 PG 12 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 779JT UT WOS:000189292100005 ER PT J AU Bourdon, CJ Olsen, MG Gorby, AD AF Bourdon, CJ Olsen, MG Gorby, AD TI Validation of an analytical solution for depth of correlation in microscopic particle image velocimetry SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE particle image velocimetry; cross-correlation analysis; microfluidics; spatial resolution ID MOTION AB Because the entire flowfield is generally illuminated in microscopic particle image velocimetry (microPIV), determining the depth over which particles will contribute to the measured velocity is more difficult than in traditional, light-sheet PIV. This paper experimentally and computationally measures the influence that volume illumination, optical parameters, and particle size have on the depth of correlation for typical microPIV systems. First, it is demonstrated mathematically that the relative contribution to the measured velocity at a given distance from the object plane is proportional to the curvature of the local cross-correlation function at that distance. The depth of correlation is then determined in both the physical experiments and in computational simulations by directly measuring the relative contribution to the correlation function of particles located at a known separation from the object plane. These results are then compared with a previously derived analytical model that predicts the depth of correlation from the basic properties of the imaging system and seed particles used for the microPIV measurements. Excellent agreement was obtained between the analytical model and both computational and physical experiments, verifying the accuracy of the previously derived analytical model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87145 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800,MS 0834, Albuquerque, NM 87145 USA. RI Olsen, Michael/B-2118-2010 NR 13 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 318 EP 327 AR PII S0957-0233(04)68454-2 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/15/2/002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 774AH UT WOS:000188957200003 ER PT J AU Stern, RL Kurylo, J Siantar, CH Lehmann, J Goldberg, Z AF Stern, RL Kurylo, J Siantar, CH Lehmann, J Goldberg, Z TI Film dosimetry in the peripheral region using multiple sensitometric curves SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE film dosimetry; peripheral dose; radiation dosimetry ID MULTILEAF COLLIMATION; SECONDARY RADIATION; DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIOTHERAPY BEAMS; TREATMENT FIELD; PHOTON BEAMS; 10-MV; IRRADIATION AB We present a method for applying film dosimetry to the peripheral region utilizing multiple sensitometric curves. There are many instances when the dose to the peripheral region outside the field edges is of clinical and/or research interest. Published peripheral dose data may be insufficient if detailed dose modeling is required, and in those cases measurements must be performed. Film dosimetry is an attractive approach for dose measurement in the peripheral region because it integrates dose, overcoming the low-dose-rate problem, and is time efficient, as it acquires an entire plan of data in a single exposure. However, film response increases at energies below approximately 300 keV. As the scattered photon spectrum changes with distance from the field edge, this increased film sensitivity causes changes in the film response along profiles perpendicular to the field edge. A single sensitometric curve is therefore no longer sufficient for accurate conversion of the optical density to dose. Our new method uses multiple sensitometric curves defined at increasing distances from the field edge. To convert an optical density profile, the dose at each point in the profile is defined as a linear combination of the doses calculated using the two sensitometric curves that bracket the point of interest. A single set of sensitometric curves derived at one field size and source-to-surface distance (SSD) can be applied to density profiles for other field sizes and SSDs. We verified our new method by comparison to ion chamber measurements using three different types of film. Agreement with chamber measurements was within 7%, or less than 2 mm in regions of high gradient, over a wide range of field sizes and SSDs. (C) 2004 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stern, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Radiat Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM robin.stern@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1118/1.1639126 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 775CU UT WOS:000189023800018 PM 15000618 ER PT J AU Mitra, A Srivastava, PK De, PK Bhattacharya, DK Jiles, DC AF Mitra, A Srivastava, PK De, PK Bhattacharya, DK Jiles, DC TI Ferromagnetic properties of deformation-induced martensite transformation in AISI 304 stainless steel SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Ferromagnetic properties of plastically deformed AISI 304ss have been studied using magnetic hysteresis and Barkhausen emissions methods. The present study has been concentrated on low volume fraction of martensite, i.e., below 58 pct, as compared to the available literature for a higher percentage of martensite. In measured materials, the coercivity increased with deformation and had a tendency to go toward saturation value. A linear increase in remanence with the deformation was observed. A large number of small amplitude of Barkhausen emissions were found at low percentage of martensite, indicating that magnetization rotation took place within a small region. However, large amplitude Barkhausen emissions were observed with the increase of deformations. Angular variation of Barkhausen emissions indicated the formation of rolling texture within the materials. A model has been proposed to explain the results. At the initial stage, small martensite clusters are formed, which grow with the deformation, and the intracluster exchange interaction becomes predominant. With the increase of deformation, martensite volume fraction increases. In this process, existing clusters grow and new clusters are formed. As a result, martensite clusters come closer and intercluster exchange interaction becomes important. C1 Natl Met Lab, Jamshedpur 831007, Bihar, India. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mitra, A (reprint author), Natl Met Lab, Jamshedpur 831007, Bihar, India. EM amitra@nmlindia.org RI Sahu, Anjani/E-7590-2015 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 35A IS 2 BP 599 EP 605 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 772KF UT WOS:000188840600021 ER PT J AU Williamson, RL Beaman, JJ Melgaard, DK Shelmidine, GJ Morrison, R AF Williamson, RL Beaman, JJ Melgaard, DK Shelmidine, GJ Morrison, R TI Model-based melt rate control during vacuum arc remelting of alloy 718 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODE-GAP AB Vacuum are remelting (VAR) is used widely throughout the specialty metals industry to produce superalloy and titanium alloy cast ingots. Optimum VAR casting requires that the electrode melting rate be controlled at all times during the process. This is especially difficult when process conditions are such that the temperature distribution in the electrode has not achieved, or has been driven away from, steady state. This condition is encountered during the beginning and closing stages of the VAR process, and also during some process disturbances such as when the melt zone passes through a transverse crack. To address these transient melting situations, a new method of VAR melt rate control has been developed that incorporates an accurate, low-order melting model to continually estimate the temperature distribution in the electrode. This method of model-based control was tested at Carpenter Technology Corporation. In the first test, two 0.43-m-diameter alloy 718 electrodes were melted into 0.51-m-diameter ingots. Aggressive start-up and hot-top procedures were used to test the dynamic capabilities of the control technique. Additionally, a transverse cut was placed in each electrode with an abrasive saw to mimic an electrode crack. Accurate melt rate control was demonstrated throughout each melt. The second test used an electrode size and grade proprietary to the host company. Because it was not stress relieved after the primary casting process, the electrode was known to possess multiple cracks that make accurate melt rate control impossible using standard VAR controller technology. This electrode was also successfully melted with good melt rate control using the model-based controller. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Carpenter Technol Corp, Reading, PA USA. RP Williamson, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rodwill@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 35 IS 1 BP 101 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s11663-004-0100-y PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 772KU UT WOS:000188843500006 ER PT J AU Kearsley, A Graham, G McDonnell, T Bland, P Hough, R Helps, P AF Kearsley, A Graham, G McDonnell, T Bland, P Hough, R Helps, P TI Early fracturing and impact residue emplacement: Can modelling help to predict their location in major craters? SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS BOUNDARY; UNMELTED METEORITIC DEBRIS; PEAK-RING FORMATION; SOUTH-AFRICA; WABAR CRATER; SAUDI-ARABIA; RIES CRATER; PROJECTILE; CHICXULUB; CONSTRAINTS AB Understanding the nature and composition of larger extraterrestrial bodies that may collide with the Earth is important. One source of information lies in the record of ancient impact craters, some of which have yielded chemical information as to the impacting body. Many deeply eroded craters have no remaining melt sheet or ejecta yet may contain impactor residue within basement fractures. The emplacement mechanism for fractionated siderophile residues is likely to be gaseous, although, melt droplets and some solid materials may survive. For breccia- and melt-filled fractures to contain extraterrestrial material, they must form very early in the impact process. Most current numerical models do not dwell on the formation and location of early major fractures, although, fractures in and around small craters on brittle glass exposed to hypervelocity impact in low Earth orbit have been successfully simulated. Modelling of fracture development associated with larger craters may help locate impact residues and test the models themselves. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Open Univ, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. Kingston Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Geophys, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, Surrey, England. RP Kearsley, A (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM antk@nhm.ac.uk NR 77 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 39 IS 2 BP 247 EP 265 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 804XB UT WOS:000220330300006 ER PT J AU Typke, D Downing, KH Glaeser, RM AF Typke, D Downing, KH Glaeser, RM TI Electron Microscopy of biological macromolecules: Bridging the gap between what physics allows and what we currently can get SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Recent Developments and Applications of Atomic Resolution Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy CY JAN, 2003 CL TEMPE, ARIZONA DE specimen motion; support films; image contract ID ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SENSITIVE SPECIMENS; BEAM; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MICROGRAPHS; CONTRAST AB The resolution achieved in low-dose electron microscopy of biological macromolecules is significantly worse than what can be obtained on the same microscopes with more robust specimens. When two-dimensional crystals are used, it is also apparent that the high-resolution image contrast is much less than what it could be if the images were perfect. Because specimen charging is one factor that might limit the contrast and resolution achieved with biological specimens, we have investigated the use of holey support films that have been coated with a metallic film before depositing specimens onto a thin carbon film that is suspended over the holes. Monolayer crystals of paraffin (C44H90) are used as a test specimen for this work because of the relative ease in imaging Bragg spacings at similar to0.4 nm resolution, the relative ease of measuring the contrast in these images, and the similar degree of radiation sensitivity of these crystals when compared to biological macromolecules. A metallic coating on the surrounding support film does, indeed, produce a significant improvement in the high-resolution contrast for a small fraction of the images. The majority of images show little obvious improvement, however, and even the coated area of the support film continues to show a significant amount of beam-induced movement under low-dose conditions. The fact that the contrast in the best images can be as much as 25%-35% of what it would be in a perfect image is nevertheless encouraging, demonstrating that it should be possible, in principle, to achieve the same performance for every image. Routine data collection of this quality would make it possible to determine the structure of large, macromolecular complexes without the need to grow crystals of these difficult specimen materials. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Donner Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glaeser, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Donner Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RMGlaeser@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 62989] NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1017/S1431927604040164 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 773DH UT WOS:000188882100005 PM 15306063 ER PT J AU Liliental-Weber, Z Zakharov, D Jasinski, J O'Keefe, MA Morkoc, H AF Liliental-Weber, Z Zakharov, D Jasinski, J O'Keefe, MA Morkoc, H TI Screw dislocations in GaN grown by different methods SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Recent Developments and Applications of Atomic Resolution Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy CY JAN, 2003 CL TEMPE, AZ DE core of screw dislocation; pinholes; electron exit-wave reconstruction; GaN grown by HVPE and MBE ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; FILMS; SIMULATION; DIODES; EDGE AB A study of screw dislocations in hydride-vapor-phase-epitaxy (HVPE) template and molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE) overlayers was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in plan view and in cross section. It was observed that screw dislocations in the HVPE layers were decorated by small voids arranged along the screw axis. However, no voids were observed along screw dislocations in MBE overlayers. This was true both for MBE samples grown under Ga-lean and Ga-rich conditions. Dislocation core structures have been studied in these samples in the plan-view configuration. These experiments were supported by image simulation using the most recent models. A direct reconstruction of the phase and amplitude of the scattered electron wave from a focal series of high-resolution images was applied. It was shown that the core structures of screw dislocations in the studied materials were filled. The filed dislocation cores in an MBE samples were stoichiometric. However, in HVPE materials, single atomic columns show substantial differences in intensities and might indicate the possibility of higher Ga concentration in the core than in the matrix. A much lower intensity of the atomic column at the tip of the void was observed. This might suggest presence of lighter elements, such as oxygen, responsible for their formation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, M-S 62R0203-8255, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM z_lilienthal-weber@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1017/S1431927604040309 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 773DH UT WOS:000188882100009 PM 15306067 ER PT J AU O'Keefe, MA Shao-Horn, Y AF O'Keefe, MA Shao-Horn, Y TI Sub-Angstrom atomic-resolution imaging from heavy atoms to light atoms SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Recent Developments and Applications of Atomic Resolution Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy CY JAN, 2003 CL TEMPE, ARIZONA DE sub-Angstrom; atomic-resolution; HREM; lithium battery; FSR; exit-surface wave ID BEAM LATTICE IMAGES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SPHERICAL-ABERRATION; FOURIER IMAGES; OXYGEN; RECONSTRUCTION; ILLUMINATION; STAUROLITE; W4NB26O77; CRYSTALS AB John Cowley and his group at Arizona State University pioneered the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for high-resolution imaging. Three decades ago they achieved images showing the crystal unit cell content at better than 4 A resolution. Over the years, this achievement has inspired improvements in resolution that have enabled researchers to pinpoint the positions of heavy atom columns within the cell. More recently, this ability has been extended to light atoms as resolution has improved. Sub-Angstrom resolution has enabled researchers to image the columns of light atoms (carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen) that are present in many complex structures. By using sub-Angstrom focal-series reconstruction of the specimen exit surface wave to image columns of cobalt, oxygen, and lithium atoms in a transition metal oxide structure commonly used as positive electrodes in lithium rechargeable batteries, we show that the range of detectable light atoms extends to lithium. HRTEM at sub-Angstrom resolution will provide the essential role of experimental verification for the emergent nanotech revolution. Our results foreshadow those to be expected from next-generation TEMs with C-S-corrected lenses and monochromated electron beams. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP O'Keefe, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM maok@lbl.gov NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1017/S143192760404019X PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 773DH UT WOS:000188882100012 PM 15306070 ER PT J AU Caprarelli, G Reidel, SP AF Caprarelli, G Reidel, SP TI Physical evolution of Grande Ronde Basalt magmas, Columbia River Basalt Group, north-western USA SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOOD BASALTS; MELTING EXPERIMENTS; CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION; MANTLE HETEROGENEITY; LIQUID EQUILIBRIA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PLUME HEAD; ORIGIN; CONSTRAINTS; GENESIS AB In this paper we present what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first comprehensive study of clinopyroxenes and plagioclases contained in the flows of the Grande Ronde Basalt member of the Columbia River Basalt Group (northwestern USA). The rocks have MgO(wt%)<6%, and trace amounts of Cr and Ni. About 56% of extracted solid containing normative clinopyroxene and plagioclase explains the liquid line of descent from the more mafic sample (MgO wt%=5.89) to the most evolved. The most ubiquitous phases in the basalts are plagioclase and augite. Ilmenite and magnetite are accessories in all rocks. Olivine is present in small amount only in one sample (RT 89-7). Based on principles of Ca-Na plagioclase-liquid exchange, estimates of pre-eruptive magmatic water are < 2.4 wt%. From clinopyroxene-liquid equilibria, calculated pressures and temperatures of ascending magmas are between 1 atm and 0.617 GPa, and 1068 degreesC and 1166 degreesC, respectively. Compositions of magnetite-ilmenite pairs and olivine-clinopyroxene-oxide assemblages yield post-eruptive oxygen fugacities of DeltaNNO=-1.923, and one pre-eruptive value of DeltaNNO=- 2.455. A simple model of asthenospheric melting and magma ponding in the lower crust fits the physical parameters. C1 Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99320 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Richland, WA 99320 USA. RP Caprarelli, G (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, City Campus,POB 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. EM Graziella.Caprarelli@uts.edu.au NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s00710-003-0017-1 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 778KN UT WOS:000189240900001 ER PT J AU Zhang, PJ Pen, UL Trac, H AF Zhang, PJ Pen, UL Trac, H TI Precision era of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect: simulations, analytical models and observations and the power to constrain reionization SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE intergalactic medium; cosmic microwave background; cosmology : miscellaneous; cosmology : theory; large-scale structure of Universe ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; COSMIC DARK-AGES; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; HIGH-REDSHIFT; SPECTRUM; DYNAMICS; UNIVERSE; GAS AB The kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, which is the dominant cosmic microwave background (CMB) source at arcmin scales and nu similar to 217 GHz, probes the ionized gas peculiar momentum up to the epoch of reionization and is a sensitive measure of the reionization history. We ran high-resolution self-similar and CDM hydro-simulations and built an analytical model to study this effect. Our model reproduces the CDM simulation results to several per cent accuracy, passes various tests against self-similar simulations, and shows a wider range of applicability than previous analytical models. Our model in its continuous version is free of simulation limitations, such as a finite simulation box and finite resolution, and allows an accurate prediction of the kinetic SZ power spectrum, C-l. For the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe cosmology, we find l(2) C-l / (2pi) similar or equal to 0.91 x 10(-12) [(1 + z(reion)) /10](0.34) (l/5000)(0.23-0.015)(z(reion)-9) for the reionization redshift 6 < z(reion) < 20 and 3000 < l < 9000. The corresponding temperature fluctuation is several muK at these ranges. The dependence of Cl on the reionization history allows an accurate measurement of the reionization epoch. For the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) experiment, C-l can be measured with similar to1 per cent accuracy. C-l scales as (Omega(b)h)(2) sigma(8)(4similar to6). Given cosmological parameters, ACT would be able to constrain zreion with several per cent accuracy. Some multireionization scenarios degenerate in the primary CMB temperature and temperature-E polarization (TE) measurement can be distinguished with similar to10sigma confidence. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. RP Zhang, PJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Grp, Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM zhangpj@fnal.gov; pen@cita.utoronto.ca; trac@cita.utoronto.ca RI Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; ZHANG, PENGJIE/O-2825-2015 OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; NR 40 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 347 IS 4 BP 1224 EP 1233 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07298.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 765VP UT WOS:000188305300022 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SG Grell, GA Brown, JM Smirnova, TG Bleck, R AF Benjamin, SG Grell, GA Brown, JM Smirnova, TG Bleck, R TI Mesoscale weather prediction with the RUC hybrid isentropic-terrain-following coordinate model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID INERT TRACE CONSTITUENT; THETA-SIGMA MODEL; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL UNCERTAINTIES; ENTROPY CONSERVATION; JOINT DISTRIBUTIONS; VERTICAL COORDINATE; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; PART I; TRANSPORT AB A mesoscale atmospheric forecast model configured in a hybrid isentropic - sigma vertical coordinate and used in the NOAA Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) for operational numerical guidance is presented. The RUC model is the only quasi-isentropic forecast model running operationally in the world and is distinguished from other hybrid isentropic models by its application at fairly high horizontal resolution (10 - 20 km) and a generalized vertical coordinate formulation that allows model levels to remain continuous and yet be purely isentropic well into the middle and even lower troposphere. The RUC model is fully described in its 2003 operational version, including numerics and physical parameterizations. The use of these parameterizations, including mixed-phase cloud microphysics and an ensemble-closure-based cumulus parameterization, is fully consistent with the RUC vertical coordinate without any loss of generality. A series of experiments confirm that the RUC hybrid theta-sigma coordinate reduces cross-coordinate transport over a quasi-horizontal sigma coordinate. This reduction in cross-coordinate vertical transport results in less numerical vertical diffusion and thereby improves numerical accuracy for moist reversible processes. Finally, a forecast is presented of a strong cyclogenesis case over the eastern United States in which the RUC model produced an accurate 36-h prediction, especially in a 10-km nested version. Horizontal and vertical plots from these forecasts give evidence of detailed yet coherent structures of potential vorticity, moisture, and vertical motion. C1 NOAA, FSL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP NOAA, FSL, 325 Broadway,R-E-FS1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stan.benjamin@noaa.gov RI Brown, John/D-3361-2015; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Smirnova, Tatiana/D-3350-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; NR 63 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 132 IS 2 BP 473 EP 494 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0473:MWPWTR>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 773HV UT WOS:000188893900005 ER PT J AU Lammers, P Tuskan, GA DiFazio, SP Podila, GK Martin, F AF Lammers, P Tuskan, GA DiFazio, SP Podila, GK Martin, F TI Mycorrhizal symbionts of Populus to be sequenced by the United States Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 INRA, UHP 1136, UMR, F-54280 Champenoux, France. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Martin, F (reprint author), INRA, UHP 1136, UMR, F-54280 Champenoux, France. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD FEB PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 63 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s00572-003-0288-8 PG 2 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 777WE UT WOS:000189206200009 PM 14689288 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Lu, F Tu, Y Ren, ZF AF Lin, YH Lu, F Tu, Y Ren, ZF TI Glucose biosensors based on carbon nanotube nanoelectrode ensembles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS; AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSORS; SITE DENSITY; ELECTRODES; ARRAYS; MEDIATOR AB This paper describes the development of glucose biosensors based on carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs) for the selective detection of glucose. Glucose oxidase was covalently immobilized on CNT NEEs via carbodiimide chemistry by forming amide linkages between their amine residues and carboxylic acid groups on the CNT tips. The catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide liberated from the enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase upon the glucose and oxygen on CNT NEEs leads to the selective detection of glucose. The biosensor effectively performs a selective electrochemical analysis of glucose in the presence of common interferents (e.g., acetaminophen, uric and ascorbic acids), avoiding the generation of an overlapping signal from such interferers. Such an operation eliminates the need for permselective membrane barriers or artificial electron mediators, thus greatly simplifying the sensor design and fabrication. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yuehe.Lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; NR 28 TC 627 Z9 647 U1 29 U2 287 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1021/nl0347233 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 774EA UT WOS:000188965700001 ER PT J AU Johnson, JC Knutsen, KP Yan, HQ Law, M Zhang, YF Yang, PD Saykally, RJ AF Johnson, JC Knutsen, KP Yan, HQ Law, M Zhang, YF Yang, PD Saykally, RJ TI Ultrafast carrier dynamics in single ZnO nanowire and nanoribbon lasers SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL THIN-FILMS; TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES; QUANTUM DOTS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; STIMULATED-EMISSION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; RECOMBINATION; MICROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Time-resolved second-harmonic generation (TRSHG) and transient photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy are utilized to probe the ultrafast creation and subsequent relaxation of excited carriers immediately following band-gap excitation in single ZnO nanowire and nanoribbon lasers. The TRSHG signal consists of a 1-5 ps recovery present only during strong lasing and a 10-80 ps intensity-dependent component. The transient PL response from single structures exhibits an 80 ps decay component independent of pump power (free exciton PL), and a < 10 ps power-dependent component (stimulated emission) that shifts to earlier delay by ca. 10 ps at high pump fluence. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Saykally, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM saykally@uclink.berkeley.edu NR 32 TC 254 Z9 260 U1 17 U2 140 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1021/nl034780w PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 774EA UT WOS:000188965700002 ER PT J AU Sundrani, D Darling, SB Sibener, SJ AF Sundrani, D Darling, SB Sibener, SJ TI Guiding polymers to perfection: Macroscopic alignment of nanoscale domains SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER LITHOGRAPHY; THIN-FILMS; ARRAYS; NANOSTRUCTURES; ORIENTATION; TEMPLATES AB Nanoscale diblock copolymer domains are aligned via top-down/bottom-up hierarchical assembly. Grating substrates template cylinder alignment with demonstrated 5000:1 aspect ratio for 100 mum domains extendable to arbitrary length scales. Depending on trough depth and amount of deposited polymer, aligned domains are (1) confined to the channels or (2) expanded across the grating frequently with (3) a complete absence of defects. This methodology can be exploited in hybrid hard/soft matter systems for electronics, catalysis, and sensors. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sibener, SJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM s-sibener@uchicago.edu NR 17 TC 222 Z9 222 U1 4 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1021/nl035005j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 774EA UT WOS:000188965700016 ER PT J AU Hermjakob, H Montecchi-Palazzi, L Bader, G Wojcik, R Salwinski, L Ceol, A Moore, S Orchard, S Sarkans, U von Mering, C Roechert, B Poux, S Jung, E Mersch, H Kersey, P Lappe, M Li, YX Zeng, R Rana, D Nikolski, M Husi, H Brun, C Shanker, K Grant, SGN Sander, C Bork, P Zhu, WM Pandey, A Brazma, A Jacq, B Vidal, M Sherman, D Legrain, P Cesareni, G Xenarios, L Eisenberg, D Steipe, B Hogue, C Apweiler, R AF Hermjakob, H Montecchi-Palazzi, L Bader, G Wojcik, R Salwinski, L Ceol, A Moore, S Orchard, S Sarkans, U von Mering, C Roechert, B Poux, S Jung, E Mersch, H Kersey, P Lappe, M Li, YX Zeng, R Rana, D Nikolski, M Husi, H Brun, C Shanker, K Grant, SGN Sander, C Bork, P Zhu, WM Pandey, A Brazma, A Jacq, B Vidal, M Sherman, D Legrain, P Cesareni, G Xenarios, L Eisenberg, D Steipe, B Hogue, C Apweiler, R TI The HUPOPSI's Molecular Interaction format - a community standard for the representation of protein interaction data SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGING PROTEOMICS DATA; COMMON STANDARDS; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; MICROARRAY DATA; DATA-BANK; RESOURCE; BIND AB A major goal of proteomics is the complete description of the protein interaction network underlying cell physiology. A large number of small scale and, more recently, large-scale experiments have contributed to expanding our understanding of the nature of the interaction network. However, the necessary data integration across experiments is currently hampered by the fragmentation of publicly available protein interaction data, which exists in different formats in databases, on authors' websites or sometimes only in print publications. Here, we propose a community standard data model for the representation and exchange of protein interaction data. This data model has been jointly developed by members of the Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI), a work group of the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO), and is supported by major protein interaction data providers, in particular the Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (BIND), Cellzome (Heidelberg, Germany), the Database of Interacting Proteins (DIP), Dana Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, MA, USA), the Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD), Hybrigenics (Paris, France), the European Bioinformatics Institute's (EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, UK) IntAct, the Molecular Interactions (MINT, Rome, Italy) database, the Protein-Protein Interaction Database (PPID, Edinburgh, UK) and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany). C1 European Bioinformat Inst, EBI Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Biol, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Computat Biol Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Hybrigen SA, F-75012 Paris, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, DOE Inst Gen & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. European Mol Biol Lab, Struct & Computat Biol Program, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Dept Bioinformat, D-13092 Berlin, Germany. Swiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. LG Informat, Aventis Pharma Deutschland, D-65812 Bad Soden, Germany. Univ Bielefeld, Fac Technol, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Bioinformat Ctr, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Prote Ctr, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. CNRS, Lab Genet & Physiol Dev, IBDM, F-13402 Marseille 9, France. Univ Edinburgh, Div Neurosci, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Inst Bioinformat, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India. Johns Hopkins Univ, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol Chem, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. CNRS, Lab Bordelais Rech Informat, UMR 5800, F-33405 Talence, France. Serono Int SA, CH-1228 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. RP Hermjakob, H (reprint author), European Bioinformat Inst, EBI Hinxton, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. EM hhe@ebi.ac.uk RI Lappe, Michael/A-5505-2008; von Mering, Christian/B-3300-2008; Pandey, Akhilesh/B-4127-2009; Bader, Gary/C-1176-2009; Hogue, Christopher/B-6726-2008; sander, chris/H-1452-2011; Kalyana-Sundaram, Shanker/F-6860-2012; Bork, Peer/F-1813-2013; Ceol, Arnaud/H-3386-2012; Brun, Christine/B-4922-2008; OI von Mering, Christian/0000-0001-7734-9102; Pandey, Akhilesh/0000-0001-9943-6127; Bader, Gary/0000-0003-0185-8861; Bork, Peer/0000-0002-2627-833X; Ceol, Arnaud/0000-0001-9533-4246; Brun, Christine/0000-0002-5563-6765; Apweiler, Rolf/0000-0001-7078-200X; Sarkans, Ugis/0000-0001-9227-8488; Orchard, Sandra/0000-0002-8878-3972; Kersey, Paul/0000-0002-7054-800X; Hermjakob, Henning/0000-0001-8479-0262; Xenarios, Ioannis/0000-0002-3413-6841; Poux, Sylvain/0000-0001-7299-6685; Brazma, Alvis/0000-0001-5988-7409 FU Telethon [GTF02011] NR 29 TC 358 Z9 374 U1 2 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1038/nbt926 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 770KT UT WOS:000188730500016 PM 14755292 ER PT J AU Meng, Y Mao, HK Eng, PJ Trainor, TP Newville, M Hu, MY Kao, CC Shu, JF Hausermann, D Hemley, RJ AF Meng, Y Mao, HK Eng, PJ Trainor, TP Newville, M Hu, MY Kao, CC Shu, JF Hausermann, D Hemley, RJ TI The formation of sp(3) bonding in compressed BN SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HEXAGONAL BORON-NITRIDE; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTRA; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; K-EDGE; GRAPHITE; DIAMOND; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION AB Attributed to their specific atomic bonding, the soft, graphite-like, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and its superhard, diamond-like, cubic polymorph (c-BN) are important technological materials with a wide range of applications(1). At high pressure and temperature, h-BN can directly transform to a hexagonal close-packed polymorph (w-BN)(2) that can be partially quenched after releasing pressure. Previous theoretical calculations(3-5) and experimental measurements (primarily on quenched samples)(6-9) provided substantial information on the transition, but left unsettled questions due to the lack of in situ characterization at high pressures. Using inelastic X-ray scattering to probe the boron and nitrogen near K-edge spectroscopy, here we report the first observation of the conversion process of boron and nitrogen sp(2)- and p-bonding to sp(3) and the directional nature of the sp(3) bonding. In combination with in situ X-ray diffraction probe, we have further clarified the structure transformation mechanism. The present archetypal example opens two enormous, element-specific, research areas on high-pressure bonding evolutions of boron and nitrogen; each of the two elements and their respective compounds have displayed a wealth of intriguing pressure-induced phenomena(10) that result from bonding changes, including metallization(11,12), superconductivity(13,14), semiconductivity(15), polymerization(16) and superhardness(2,17,18). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Meng, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ymeng@hpcat.aps.anl.gov NR 30 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 4 U2 49 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1038/nmat1060 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 769UM UT WOS:000188668200019 PM 14743214 ER PT J AU Fryer, CL AF Fryer, CL TI Core-collapse model effects on nucleosynthesis SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Astronomy with Radioactivities IV and Filling and Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Kloster Seeon, GERMANY DE supernovae; nucleosynthesis in novae; supernovae and other explosive environments; neutron stars ID SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS; CONVECTION; HYDRODYNAMICS AB Although simulations of the core-collapse supernova mechanism have not yet converged on a final answer, much of the intuition gained from these simulations can change our current picture of supernova nucleosynthesis. Here we review the basic supernova explosion mechanism with an update on the current status of this mechanism. We then discuss, how this picture leads to changes in the current calculations of nucleosynthetic yields from these outbursts. The behavior of the electron fraction, mixing and explosion energy (as a function of mass) are quite different, than the assumptions used in many nucleosynthesis calculations, and we will focus on these issues. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM fryer@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.040 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777MF UT WOS:000189181600004 ER PT J AU Hungerford, A AF Hungerford, A TI Radioactive decay lines from asymmetric supernova explosions SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Astronomy with Radioactivities IV and Filling and Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Kloster Seeon, GERMANY DE gamma-rays; supernovae; asymmetries ID X-RAY; SN-1987A; EMISSION; 1987A; INSTABILITIES; PROFILES; STARS AB High energy emission from supernovae provide a direct window into the quantity and distribution of radioactive elements produced in these explosions. Combining supernova explosion calculations with 3D Monte Carlo gamma-ray transport, I have studied the effect mixing and asymmetries have on the hard X-ray and gamma-ray spectra. With sufficient spectral resolution, the emission line profiles from nickel decay have enough information to distinguish between spherical and mildly asymmetric supernova explosions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hungerford, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM aimee@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.001 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777MF UT WOS:000189181600005 ER PT J AU Milne, PA AF Milne, PA TI Annihilation puzzles for INTEGRAL SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Astronomy with Radioactivities - Filling and Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Kloster Seeon, GERMANY DE galaxy; gamma-rays; ISM ID GALACTIC-CENTER REGION; RADIATION AB The instrument is operational, the analysis team assembled and the observations have begun. As we are on the precipice of the INTEGRAL era of annihilation radiation science, it is timely to review the findings of the CGRO/OSSE instrument by posing four new puzzles for the INTEGRAL satellite's SPI and IBIS teams. The puzzles are: (1) Is there a Galactic Center point source? (2) What is the Bulge-Disk ratio? (3) Does the annihilation fountain exist? (4) Is there Gould Belt emission? Answering these four puzzles will not be easy and will likely require dedicated observations beyond those scheduled as part of the Core Program. However, if all four can be definitively answered, annihilation radiation science will have moved very close to being able to account for the production of galactic positrons and will be ready to use positron annihilation to probe the Galaxy. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pmilne@t6-serv.lanl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.012 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777MF UT WOS:000189181600017 ER PT J AU Winkler, S Ahmad, I Golser, R Kutschera, W Orlandini, KA Paul, M Priller, A Steier, P Vockenhuber, C AF Winkler, S Ahmad, I Golser, R Kutschera, W Orlandini, KA Paul, M Priller, A Steier, P Vockenhuber, C TI Anthropogenic Pu-244 in the environment SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Astronomy with Radioactivities IV and Filling and Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Kloster Seeon, GERMANY DE Pu-244; accelerator mass spectrometry; VERA AB The presence of Pu-244 (t(1/2)=81 Ma) in the early solar system is long established [Nature 187 (1960) 36; Science 172 (1971) 837]. Pu-244 is also one of a number of isotopes which may be detectable as live radioactivity on earth, originating from the Interstellar Medium (ISM). There has been a recent attempt to measure a ISM isotope signature of Pu-244 [ApJ 558 (2001) L133]. This rises the question of the presence of an anthropogenic contribution in the environment. In order to better assess the Pu-244 fall-out on earth, we have started a program at VERA to measure Pu-244 in surface sediments of Lake Michigan, routinely sampled for Pu-239,Pu-240 measurements. Considerable amount of information on other isotopes exist for Lake Michigan. We have reproduced the expected Pu-241/Pu-239 and Pu-240/Pu-239 ratios for the global fallout. The measured Pu-244/Pu-230 was considerably higher than expected and was therefore most likely the result of contamination. Measurement of samples specifically prepared for the measurement of Pu-244 will be tried in the future. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Isotopenforsch & Kernphys, VERA, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Winkler, S (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM stephan.winkler@anu.edu.au OI Priller, Alfred/0000-0002-5008-2089 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.021 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777MF UT WOS:000189181600027 ER PT J AU Kippen, RM AF Kippen, RM TI The GEANT low energy Compton scattering (GLECS) package for use in simulating advanced Compton telescopes SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Astronomy with Radioactivities IV and Filling and Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Kloster Seeon, GERMANY DE Compton scattering; computer modeling and simulation; Monte Carlo method; gamma-ray telescopes AB Compton gamma-ray imaging is inherently based on the assumption of gamma-rays scattering with free electrons. In reality, the non-zero momentum of target electrons bound in atoms blurs this ideal scattering response in a process known as Doppler broadening. The design and understanding of advanced Compton telescopes, thus, depends critically on the ability to accurately account for Doppler broadening effects. For this purpose, a Monte Carlo package that simulates detailed Doppler broadening has been developed for use with the powerful, general-purpose GEANT3 and GEANT4 radiation transport codes. This paper describes the design of this package, and illustrates results of comparison with selected experimental data. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab ISR2, Space Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kippen, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab ISR2, Space Remote Sensing Sci Grp, MS B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mkippen@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.039 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777MF UT WOS:000189181600040 ER PT J AU Hartmann, DH Grindlay, J Band, D Blandford, R Craig, W Fishman, GJ Gehrels, N Harrison, F Hong, J Kouveliotou, C Loeb, A Woosley, SE AF Hartmann, DH Grindlay, J Band, D Blandford, R Craig, W Fishman, GJ Gehrels, N Harrison, F Hong, J Kouveliotou, C Loeb, A Woosley, SE TI Tracing cosmic star formation with EXIST SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Astronomy with Radioactivities - Filling and Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Kloster Seeon, GERMANY DE gamma-ray telescopes; supernovae; novae; bursts; black holes; stars-formation ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; CLASSICAL NOVAE; SN 1987A; SUPERNOVA; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EMISSION; UNIVERSE; GALAXY; PROBE; AL-26 AB We describe the energetic X-ray imaging survey telescope EXIST, designed to carry out a sensitive all-sky survey in the 10-600 keV band. The primary goal of EXIST is to find black holes in the local and distant universe. EXIST also traces cosmic star formation via gamma-ray bursts and gamma-ray lines from radioactivity ejected by supernovae and novae. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Harvard Univ, CfA, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Hartmann, DH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM hdieter@clemson.edu RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 237 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.055 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777MF UT WOS:000189181600043 ER PT J AU von Ballmoos, P Halloin, H Evrard, J Skinner, G Abrosimov, N Alvarez, J Bastie, P Hamelin, B Hernanz, M Jean, P Knodlseder, J Lonjou, V Smither, B Vedrenne, G AF von Ballmoos, P Halloin, H Evrard, J Skinner, G Abrosimov, N Alvarez, J Bastie, P Hamelin, B Hernanz, M Jean, P Knodlseder, J Lonjou, V Smither, B Vedrenne, G TI CLAIRE's first light SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Astronomy with Radioactivities IV and Filling and Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Kloster Seeon, GERMANY DE gamma-ray optics; instruments for nuclear astrophysics AB The objective of the R&D project CLAIRE is to prove the principle of a gamma-ray lens for nuclear astrophysics. CLAIRE features a Laue diffraction lens, an actively shielded array of germanium detectors, and a balloon gondola stabilizing the gamma-ray lens to a few arcseconds. On June 14 2001, the instrument was flown on a stratospheric balloon by the French Space Agency CNES; the astrophysical target was a "standard candle", the Crab nebula. CLAIRE's first light consists of similar to33 diffracted photons from the Crab, corresponding to a 3sigma detection. The performance of the gamma-ray lens during the balloon flight has been confirmed by ground data obtained at a 200 m long test range. Based on the diffraction efficiencies measured with CLAIRE, the mission concept of a space borne gamma-ray lens is proposed, and its potential for nuclear astrophysics is outlined. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CESR, F-31028 Toulouse, France. CNES, F-31401 Toulouse, France. Inst Kristallzuchtung, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. IEEC, Edif Nexus, Barcelona, Spain. Spectrometrie Phys Lab, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP von Ballmoos, P (reprint author), CESR, 9 Av Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France. EM peter.von-ballmoos@cesr.fr RI Hernanz, Margarita/K-1770-2014 OI Hernanz, Margarita/0000-0002-8651-7910 NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.032 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777MF UT WOS:000189181600044 ER PT J AU Takahashi, T Makishima, K Fukazawa, Y Kokubun, M Nakazawa, K Nomachi, M Tajima, H Tashiro, M Terada, Y AF Takahashi, T Makishima, K Fukazawa, Y Kokubun, M Nakazawa, K Nomachi, M Tajima, H Tashiro, M Terada, Y TI Hard X-ray and gamma-ray detectors for the NeXT mission SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Astronomy with Radioactivities IV and Filling and Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Kloster Seeon, GERMANY DE gamma-rays : instruments; Compton telescope; CZT; CdTe ID PERFORMANCE AB When compared with X-ray astronomy, the gamma-ray astronomy, especially in the energy band from 10 keV to several MeV, is still immature and significant improvements should be done to obtain sensitivity comparable to that achieved in the energy band below 10 keV. In order to fill this "sensitivity gap", the NeXT (New X-ray Telescope) mission has been proposed as a successor of the Astro-E2 mission. The high-energy response of the super mirror will enable us to perform first sensitive imaging observation up to 80 keV. One idea for the focal plane detector is to combine a fully depleted X-ray imaging device (soft X-ray detector) and a pixelated CdTe (cadmium telluride) detector. In the soft gamma-ray band upto similar to1 MeV, a narrow field-of-view Compton gamma-ray telescope utilizing several tens of layers of thin Si or CdTe detector has been proposed to obtain much higher sensitivity than present instruments. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama 3388570, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3388570, Japan. RP Takahashi, T (reprint author), Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Yoshinodai 3-1-1, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM takahasi@astro.isas.jaxa.jp RI Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012; Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857; NR 10 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.047 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 777MF UT WOS:000189181600048 ER PT J AU Andrews, L Liang, BY Li, J Bursten, BE AF Andrews, L Liang, BY Li, J Bursten, BE TI Noble gas-uranium coordination and intersystem crossing for the CUO(Ne)(x)(Ng)(n) (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe) complexes in solid neon SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-ADJUSTED PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; MATRIX INFRARED-SPECTRA; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; CUO MOLECULE; ATOMS; EXCHANGE; ARGON; MONOXIDE AB Atomic uranium excited by laser ablation reacts with CO in excess neon to produce the novel CUO molecule, which forms weak complexes CUO(Ne)(m) with neon and stronger complexes CUO(Ne)(x)(Ng)(n) (Ng=Ar, Kr, Xe) when the heavier noble gas atoms are present. The heavier CUO(Ne)(m-1) (Ng) complexes are identified through the effects of CO isotopic and Ng substitution on the neon matrix infrared spectra and by comparison to DFT frequency calculations on the model complexes CUO(Ng) (Ng=Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe). The U-C and U-O stretching frequencies of CUO(Ne)(m-1) (Ng) complexes are slightly red shifted from the 1047 and 872 cm(-1) frequencies for the (1)Sigma(+) CUO ground state neon complex, which identifies singlet ground state CUO(Ne)(m-1) (Ng) complexes in solid neon. The next singlet CUO(Ne)(x)(Ng)(2) complexes in excess neon follow in like manner. However, stretching modes and the isotopic shifts of the higher CUO(Ne)(x)(Ng)(n) complexes approach those of the pure argon matrix CUO(Ar)(n) complex, which characterizes triplet ground state complexes by comparison to DFT frequency calculations. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Andrews, L (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM lsa@virginia.edu RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 28 IS 2 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1039/b309172d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 780CB UT WOS:000189352700021 ER PT J AU Martin, F Tuskan, GA DiFazio, SP Lammers, P Newcombe, G Podila, GK AF Martin, F Tuskan, GA DiFazio, SP Lammers, P Newcombe, G Podila, GK TI Symbiotic sequencing for the Populus mesocosm SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE Populus trichocarpa; United States Department of Energy; Joint Genome Institute (JGI); endomycorrhiza; Glomus intraradices; ectomycorrhiza; Laccaria bicolor ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS; LACCARIA-BICOLOR; POPLAR POPULUS; MODEL SYSTEMS; CO2; EXPRESSION; GENOMICS; BIOLOGY; GENES; PINE C1 INRA, UMR INRA UHP 1136, F-54280 Champenoux, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Martin, F (reprint author), INRA, UMR INRA UHP 1136, F-54280 Champenoux, France. EM fmartin@nancy.inra.fr RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 34 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 161 IS 2 BP 330 EP 335 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.00982.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 757FR UT WOS:000187550700004 ER PT J AU Adriaensen, K van der Lelie, D Van Laere, A Vangronsveld, J Colpaert, JV AF Adriaensen, K van der Lelie, D Van Laere, A Vangronsveld, J Colpaert, JV TI A zinc-adapted fungus protects pines from zinc stress SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ectomycorrhizal symbiosis; Zn tolerance; Zn toxicity; nutrient uptake; Suillus bovinus; Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine); phytoremediation ID PINUS-SYLVESTRIS SEEDLINGS; HEAVY-METALS; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; OXIDATIVE STRESS; COPPER TOXICITY; MYCORRHIZAL; TOLERANCE; CONTAMINATION; RESISTANCE; SOILS AB Here we investigated zinc tolerance of ectomycorrhizal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings. An ectomycorrhizal genotype of Suillus bovinus, collected from a Zn-contaminated site and showing adaptive Zn tolerance in vitro, was compared with a nonadapted isolate from a nonpolluted area. A dose-response experiment was performed. Dynamics of plant and fungal development, and phosphate and ammonium uptake capacity, were assessed under increasing Zn stress. Effects of Zn on transpiration, nutrient content and Zn accumulation were analysed. Significant Zn-inoculation interaction effects were observed for several responses measured, including uptake rates of phosphate and ammonium; phosphorus, iron and Zn content in shoots; transpiration; biomass of external mycelia; and fungal biomass in roots. The Zn-tolerant S. bovinus genotype was particularly efficient in protecting pines from Zn stress. The growth of a Zn-sensitive genotype from a normal wild-type population was inhibited at high Zn concentrations, and this isolate could not sustain the pines' acquisition of nutrients. This study shows that well adapted microbial root symbionts are a major component of the survival strategy of trees that colonize contaminated soils. C1 Limburgs Univ Ctr, Ctr Environm Sci, Environm Biol Grp, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Bot & Microbiol, Dev Biol Lab, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Colpaert, JV (reprint author), Limburgs Univ Ctr, Ctr Environm Sci, Environm Biol Grp, Univ Campus, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. EM jan.colpaert@luc.ac.be RI Van Laere, Andre/F-2133-2011; OI Colpaert, Jan V/0000-0003-1610-1861 NR 36 TC 49 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 161 IS 2 BP 549 EP 555 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00941.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 757FR UT WOS:000187550700022 ER PT J AU Anglea, SM Geist, DR Brown, RS Deters, KA McDonald, RD AF Anglea, SM Geist, DR Brown, RS Deters, KA McDonald, RD TI Effects of acoustic transmitters on swimming performance and predator avoidance of juvenile Chinook salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DUMMY TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE SALMON; BUOYANCY COMPENSATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALAR SMOLTS; BEHAVIOR; FISH AB The objective of this study was to determine whether juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are negatively influenced by the intraperitoneal implantation of acoustic transmitters. We evaluated swimming performance and predator avoidance of juvenile salmonids implanted with acoustic transmitters that weighed up to 6.7% of the fish's body weight in air. Critical swimming speeds (U-crit) of tagged, sham-tagged (surgery but no tag), and control fish were measured in a respirometer to determine tag effects on swimming performance. Swimming performance was similar among treatment groups at 1-d and 21-d postsurgery intervals. Predator avoidance of fish implanted with active tags was evaluated to determine whether tagged fish were impaired by the operation of the tags or predators were attracted to the signals emitted from the tags. Predator avoidance was evaluated by comparing the proportion of each treatment group consumed (active tag, inactive tag, sham, and control) during exposure to piscivorous adult rainbow trout O. mykiss. Surgical implantation of acoustic tags in-juvenile fall Chinook salmon did not significantly affect swimming performance. Implantation of acoustic transmitters (active and inactive) did not result in greater predation susceptibility in tagged fish than in untagged fish. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Publ Util Dist 1 Chelan Cty, Wenatchee, WA 98807 USA. RP Anglea, SM (reprint author), Biomark Inc, 7615 W Riverside Dr, Boise, ID 83714 USA. EM steveanglea@biomark.com NR 26 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1577/M03-065 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 802NE UT WOS:000220169400018 ER PT J AU Rapp, J Monier-Garbet, P Matthews, GF Sartori, R Andrew, P Dumortier, P Eich, T Fundamenski, W von Hellermann, M Hogan, J Ingesson, LC Jachmich, S Koslowski, HR Loarte, A Maddison, G McDonald, DC Messiaen, A Ongena, J Parail, V Philipps, V Saibene, G Unterberg, B AF Rapp, J Monier-Garbet, P Matthews, GF Sartori, R Andrew, P Dumortier, P Eich, T Fundamenski, W von Hellermann, M Hogan, J Ingesson, LC Jachmich, S Koslowski, HR Loarte, A Maddison, G McDonald, DC Messiaen, A Ongena, J Parail, V Philipps, V Saibene, G Unterberg, B CA JET EFDA Contributors TI Reduction of divertor heat load in JET ELMy H-modes using impurity seeding techniques SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY; ASDEX UPGRADE; STEADY-STATE; CONFINEMENT; DISCHARGES; POWER; ACCUMULATION; PERFORMANCE; OPERATION; PLASMAS AB The main objective of this paper is investigation of methods for reduction of divertor heat loads in order to increase the lifetime of divertor tiles in future fusion reactors. Special emphasis is given to studies of reduction of transient heat loads due to edge localized modes (ELMs). Two methods are compared: argon seeded type-I ELMy H-modes and nitrogen seeded type-III ELMy H-modes. In both scenarios, the impurity seeding leads to a reduction in the pedestal energy and hence a reduction in the energy released by the ELM. This consequentially reduces the power load to the divertor targets. At high radiative power fractions in type-III ELMy H-modes, part of that released ELM energy (small ELMS, below 20 kJ) is dissipated by radiation in the scrape off layer (SOL). Modelling of the ELM mitigation supports the experimental findings. This ELM mitigation by radiative dissipation is not effective for larger ELMs. In between ELMS, the plasma is detached and radiates strongly from the X-point region. During an ELM, the nitrogen in the X-point and divertor region becomes ionized into more weakly radiating higher charge states and the plasma re-attaches for large ELMs. At JET, argon radiates predominantly in the main plasma and not so much in the cold divertor region. Hence, the effect of radiative dissipation of ELM heat fluxes by argon is very low due to the limited argon density in the divertor region. Nevertheless, both scenarios might be compatible with an integrated ITER scenario, with respect to acceptable divertor lifetime and acceptable confinement. C1 TEC, EURATOM Assoc, Inst Plasmaphys, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Julich, Germany. Assoc EURATOM CEA, Fus Controlee, St Paul Les Durance, France. EURATOM, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. CSU Garching, EFDA, Garching, Germany. EURATOM Belgian State Assoc, TEC, LPP ERM KMS, Brussels, Belgium. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, Germany. EURATOM, TEC, FOM Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Culham Sci Ctr, EFDA JET, CSU Culham, Abingdon, Oxon, England. RP Rapp, J (reprint author), TEC, EURATOM Assoc, Inst Plasmaphys, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Julich, Germany. OI Rapp, Juergen/0000-0003-2785-9280; Koslowski, Hans Rudolf/0000-0002-1571-6269; Unterberg, Bernhard/0000-0003-0866-957X NR 24 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 15 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 2 BP 312 EP 319 AR PII S0029-5515(04)73458-4 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/2/013 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 779TY UT WOS:000189318100013 ER PT J AU Snyder, PB Wilson, HR Ferron, JR Lao, LL Leonard, AW Mossessian, D Murakami, M Osborne, TH Turnbull, AD Xu, XQ AF Snyder, PB Wilson, HR Ferron, JR Lao, LL Leonard, AW Mossessian, D Murakami, M Osborne, TH Turnbull, AD Xu, XQ TI ELMs and constraints on the H-mode pedestal: peeling-ballooning stability calculation and comparison with experiment SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; ALCATOR-C-MOD; DIII-D; MHD STABILITY; PLASMA SHAPE; INSTABILITIES; GEOMETRY; TOKAMAKS; PHYSICS AB We review and test the peeling-ballooning model for edge localized modes (ELMs) and pedestal constraints, a model based upon theoretical analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities that can limit the pedestal height and drive ELMs. A highly efficient MHD stability code, ELITE, is used to calculate quantitative stability constraints on the pedestal, including constraints on the pedestal height. Because of the impact of collisionality on the bootstrap current, these pedestal constraints are dependent on the density and temperature separately, rather than simply on the pressure. ELITE stability calculations are directly compared with experimental data for a series of plasmas in which the density is varied and ELM characteristics change. In addition, a technique is developed whereby peeling-ballooning pedestal constraints are calculated as a function of key equilibrium parameters via ELITE calculations using series of model equilibria. This technique is used to successfully compare the expected pedestal height as a function of density, triangularity and plasma cur-rent with experimental data. Furthermore, the technique can be applied for parameter ranges beyond the purview of present experiments, and we present a brief projection of peeling-ballooning pedestal constraints for burning plasma tokamak designs. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EURATOM, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. MIT, PSFC, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Snyder, PB (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM snyder@fusion.gat.com NR 22 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 5 U2 26 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2004 VL 44 IS 2 BP 320 EP 328 AR PII S0029-5515(04)73460-2 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/2/014 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 779TY UT WOS:000189318100014 ER PT J AU Kuhlmann, S Frisch, H Cordelli, M Huston, J Miller, R Lami, S Paoletti, R Turini, N Iori, M Toback, D Ukegawa, F AF Kuhlmann, S Frisch, H Cordelli, M Huston, J Miller, R Lami, S Paoletti, R Turini, N Iori, M Toback, D Ukegawa, F TI The CDF calorimeter upgrade for Run IIb SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE preshower; scintillator; fiber; electromagnetic; timing ID PHOTON CROSS-SECTION; COLLISIONS; TEV AB The physics program at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider will continue to explore the high-energy frontier of particle physics until the commissioning of the LHC at CERN. The luminosity increase provided by the Main Injector will require upgrades beyond those implemented for the first stage (Run IIa) of the Tevatron's Run II physics program. The Upgrade of the CDF calorimetry includes: (1) the replacement of the slow gas detectors on the front face of the Central Calorimeter with a faster scintillator version which has a better segmentation, and (2) the addition of timing information to both the Central and EndPlug Electromagnetic Calorimeters to filter out cosmic ray and beam related backarounds. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Dept Expt Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Rome 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lami, S (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Dept Expt Phys, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM lami@fnal.gov OI iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230 NR 3 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.10.018 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100011 ER PT J AU Repond, J AF Repond, J TI A digital hadron calorimeter for the Linear Collider SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE calorimetry; Linear Collider; energy flow; algorithms AB The concept of a digital hadron calorimeter for the Linear Collider is presented. The various R&D efforts pursuing the development of a viable active rnedium and the corresponding electronic readout system are reviewed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Repond, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM repond@hep.anl.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.10.022 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100015 ER PT J AU Previtali, E Arnaboldi, C Artusa, DR Avignone, FT Balata, M Bandac, I Barucci, M Beeman, J Brofferio, C Bucci, C Capelli, S Capozzi, F Carbone, L Cebrian, S Cremonesi, O Creswick, RJ de Waard, A Farach, HA Fiorini, E Frossati, G Giuliani, A Gorla, P Haller, EE Irastorza, IG MacDonald, RJ Morales, A Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Olivieri, E Palmieri, V Pasca, E Pavan, M Pedretti, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Pobes, C Pyle, M Risegari, R Rosenfeld, C Sisti, M Smith, AR Torres, L Ventura, G AF Previtali, E Arnaboldi, C Artusa, DR Avignone, FT Balata, M Bandac, I Barucci, M Beeman, J Brofferio, C Bucci, C Capelli, S Capozzi, F Carbone, L Cebrian, S Cremonesi, O Creswick, RJ de Waard, A Farach, HA Fiorini, E Frossati, G Giuliani, A Gorla, P Haller, EE Irastorza, IG MacDonald, RJ Morales, A Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Olivieri, E Palmieri, V Pasca, E Pavan, M Pedretti, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Pobes, C Pyle, M Risegari, R Rosenfeld, C Sisti, M Smith, AR Torres, L Ventura, G TI CUORICINO: a new large bolometer array for astroparticle physics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE double beta decay; cryogenic detectors; dark matter ID DOUBLE-BETA DECAY; TE-130 AB After 3 years of project study and development, a 40 kg, 62-crystal, thermal detector array CUORICINO started last February. It is supposed to test the two claimed, but still not confirmed, evidences in Dark Matter and in Double Beta Decay (DBD) reported in the last few years and it will have a first glance on Solar Axion. The technical goals that were forseen for this experiment would be the confirmation on the feasibility of the CUORE experiment, a 1 ton multipurpose experiment with bolometers, that could open a new era in DBD physics. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi, Aquila, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Lab Nucl & High Energy Phys, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci Chim Fis & Matemat, I-22100 Como, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-22100 Como, Italy. Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy. RP Previtali, E (reprint author), Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. EM ezio.previtali@mib.infn.it RI Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Gorla, Paolo/B-5243-2014; Barucci, Marco/D-4209-2012; Sisti, Monica/B-7550-2013; capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012 OI Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; pavan, maura/0000-0002-9723-7834; Pessina, Gianluigi Ezio/0000-0003-3700-9757; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Barucci, Marco/0000-0003-0381-3376; Sisti, Monica/0000-0003-2517-1909; capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 256 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.10.075 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100071 ER PT J AU Avati, V Boccone, V Borer, K Bozzo, M Capra, R Casagrande, L Eggert, K Heijne, E Klauke, S Li, Z Maki, T Morelli, A Oljemark, F Palmieri, VG Perea-Solano, B Tapprogge, S AF Avati, V Boccone, V Borer, K Bozzo, M Capra, R Casagrande, L Eggert, K Heijne, E Klauke, S Li, Z Maki, T Morelli, A Oljemark, F Palmieri, VG Perea-Solano, B Tapprogge, S TI First test of cold edgeless silicon microstrip detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE silicon detector; cryogenics; high energy physics; elastic scattering; tracking AB Silicon microstrip detectors will provide the forward tracking in the TOTEM experiment at the LHC. To allow efficient tracking closest to the beam ( approximate to 1 mm) these detectors should be sensitive up to their physical edge (i.e. edgeless). Edgeless (without guard rings) microstrip planar detectors can be operated at cryogenic temperatures (about 130degrees K) where leakage currents due to the active edge are drastically reduced. A silicon microstrip prototype, cut perpendicular to the strips, has been tested with a pion beam at CERN to study its efficiency close to the edge by using reference tracks from a simple silicon telescope. Results indicate that the detector measures tracks with good efficiency up to the physical edge of the silicon. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, Genoa, Italy. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Lab Hochenergiephys, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 2, Rome, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. RP Bozzo, M (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, Genoa, Italy. EM niarco.bozzo@cern.ch NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 264 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.10.078 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100074 ER PT J AU Aoki, M Bacchetta, N Behari, S Benjamin, D Bisello, D Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Burghard, A Busetto, G Cabrera, S Canepa, A Castro, G Cardoso, G Chertok, M Ciobanu, C Derylo, G Fang, I Flaugher, B Freeman, J Galtieri, L Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Giurgiu, G Gorelov, I Haber, C Hara, K Hoeferkamp, M Holbrook, B Hrycyk, M Junk, T Kim, S Kobayashi, K Krieger, B Kruse, M Lander, R Lu, RS Lukens, P Malferrari, L Manea, C Margotti, A Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Moccia, S Nakano, I Naoumov, D Novak, J Okusawa, T Orlov, Y Pancaldi, G Pantano, D Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Seidel, S Semeria, F Takei, Y Tanaka, R Wang, Z Watje, P Weber, M Wester, W Wilkes, T Yamamoto, K Yao, W Yao, W Zimmermann, S Zucchelli, S Zucchini, A AF Aoki, M Bacchetta, N Behari, S Benjamin, D Bisello, D Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Burghard, A Busetto, G Cabrera, S Canepa, A Castro, G Cardoso, G Chertok, M Ciobanu, C Derylo, G Fang, I Flaugher, B Freeman, J Galtieri, L Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Giurgiu, G Gorelov, I Haber, C Hara, K Hoeferkamp, M Holbrook, B Hrycyk, M Junk, T Kim, S Kobayashi, K Krieger, B Kruse, M Lander, R Lu, RS Lukens, P Malferrari, L Manea, C Margotti, A Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Moccia, S Nakano, I Naoumov, D Novak, J Okusawa, T Orlov, Y Pancaldi, G Pantano, D Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Seidel, S Semeria, F Takei, Y Tanaka, R Wang, Z Watje, P Weber, M Wester, W Wilkes, T Yamamoto, K Yao, W Yao, W Zimmermann, S Zucchelli, S Zucchini, A TI The CDF Run IIb silicon detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE CDF; Run IIb; silicon vertex detector; SVX4; silicon sensors; Fermilab; Tevatron AB Fermilab plans to deliver 5-15 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity to the CDF and D0 experiments. The current inner silicon detectors at CDF (SVXIIa and L00) will not tolerate the radiation dose associated with high-luminosity running and will need to be replaced. A new readout chip (SVX4) has been designed in radiation-hard 0.25 mum, CMOS technology. Single-sided sensors are arranged in a compact structure, called a stave, with integrated readout and cooling svstems. This paper describes the general design of the Run IIb system, testing results of prototype electrical components (staves), and prototype silicon sensor performance before and after irradiation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 5588585, Japan. RP Flaugher, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM brenna@fnal.gov RI Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015 OI Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133 NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.10.080 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100076 ER PT J AU Bolla, G Atac, M Pavlicek, V Nahn, S Garcia-Sciveres, M Mumford, R Nguyen, T Forrester, S Hill, C Olszewski, J Rahaman, A Goldstein, J Ashmanskas, B Maruyama, T Zimmerman, T Moccia, S Lewis, J AF Bolla, G Atac, M Pavlicek, V Nahn, S Garcia-Sciveres, M Mumford, R Nguyen, T Forrester, S Hill, C Olszewski, J Rahaman, A Goldstein, J Ashmanskas, B Maruyama, T Zimmerman, T Moccia, S Lewis, J TI Wire-bond failures induced by resonant vibrations in the CDF silicon detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE CDF; tracker ID READOUT; UPGRADE AB Unrecoverable internal failures of modules in the CDF Run2 Silicon detector have been observed since its installation in earlv 2001. A fraction of these failures has been categorized as infant mortality. Other failures occurring later were strongly correlated with fixed trigger conditions. These failures are explained by wire-bonds breaking due to fatigue stress induced by resonant vibration. These resonant vibrations are a direct consequence of the oscillating Lorentz forces induced by the 1.4 T magnetic field on wire-bonds carrying non-DC current. Changes have been implemented in data-taking procedures in order to minimize the occurrences of such failures and to prolong the lifetime of the detector itself. A more general analysis of the topic has been pursued. Changes in the packaging and assembly processes for future applications have been investigated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Bolla, G (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, 1396 Phys Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM bolla@fnal.gov RI Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012; OI Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 277 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.10.081 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100077 ER PT J AU Re, V Kirkby, D Bruinsma, M Berryhill, J Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O Mazur, M Richman, J Stoner, J Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Seiden, A Walkowiak, W Wilson, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Breon, AB Brown, D Charles, E Clark, AR Dardin, S Goozen, F Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Perazzo, A Roe, NA Zizka, G Lillard, V Roberts, D Brenna, E Citterio, M Lanni, F Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Mandelli, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Marchiori, G Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Walsh, J Elmer, P Burchat, P Cheng, C Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Edwards, AJ Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Rashevskaia, I Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Datta, M Liu, R AF Re, V Kirkby, D Bruinsma, M Berryhill, J Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O Mazur, M Richman, J Stoner, J Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Seiden, A Walkowiak, W Wilson, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Breon, AB Brown, D Charles, E Clark, AR Dardin, S Goozen, F Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Perazzo, A Roe, NA Zizka, G Lillard, V Roberts, D Brenna, E Citterio, M Lanni, F Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Mandelli, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Marchiori, G Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Walsh, J Elmer, P Burchat, P Cheng, C Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Edwards, AJ Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Rashevskaia, I Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Datta, M Liu, R TI Sensor performance of the BABAR Silicon Vertex Tracker after 4 years of data taking SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE vertex; detector; radiation ID RADIATION-DAMAGE AB The Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) of the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric B factory is a crucial element of the BABAR physics program. The SVT is a five layer device with double-sided silicon strip detectors and a custom readout chip based on a time-over-threshold circuit. The SVT is fully operational since the installation in the experiment in 1999. We briefly review the detector performance after more than 3 years of data taking in factory mode. The high-luminosity running of PEP-II through the end of the decade will increase the radiation level in the SVT above its design limit. Radiation issues will be reviewed and results from radiation tests of the various detector components will be presented. We finally discuss the outlook for the long-term running of the SVT. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bergamo, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pavia, Italy. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Milan, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Simi, G (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, S Piero Grado, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. EM simi@bslac.stanford.edu RI Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; OI Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Kirkby, David/0000-0002-8828-5463; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 286 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.001 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100079 ER PT J AU Re, V Bruinsma, M Kirkby, D Berryhill, J Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O Mazur, M Richman, J Stoner, J Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Seiden, A Walkowiak, W Wilson, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Breon, AB Brown, D Charles, E Clark, AR Dardin, S Goozen, F Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Perazzo, A Roe, NA Zizka, G Lillard, V Roberts, D Brenna, E Citterio, M Lanni, F Palombo, F Brau, B Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Zoeller, M Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Mandelli, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Marchiori, G Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Elmer, P Simi, G Burchat, P Cheng, C Edwards, A Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Rashevskaia, I Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Datta, M Liu, R AF Re, V Bruinsma, M Kirkby, D Berryhill, J Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O Mazur, M Richman, J Stoner, J Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Grothe, M Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Seiden, A Walkowiak, W Wilson, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Breon, AB Brown, D Charles, E Clark, AR Dardin, S Goozen, F Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Perazzo, A Roe, NA Zizka, G Lillard, V Roberts, D Brenna, E Citterio, M Lanni, F Palombo, F Brau, B Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Zoeller, M Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Mandelli, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Marchiori, G Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Elmer, P Simi, G Burchat, P Cheng, C Edwards, A Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Rashevskaia, I Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Datta, M Liu, R TI Radiation hardness and monitoring of the BABAR vertex tracker SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE silicon microstrip detector; diamond detector; radiation sensor ID DIAMOND; DAMAGE AB The Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) is an essential component of the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric B factory. The SVT has performed very well and several radiation studies have been carried out to determine that it will continue do so up to integrated radiation doses of 5 Mrad. The SVT radiation monitoring and protection system consists of silicon PIN-diodes, which are suffering from radiation damage, reducing their precision. Diamond sensors are highly resistant to radiation damage and the possibility of replacing the PIN-diodes with diamonds is currently under investigation. Two polycrystalline diamonds have been installed near the BABAR interaction region and show promising results when compared to the PIN-diodes. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. Univ Pavia, Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Ferrara, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bergamo, Italy. RP Petersen, BA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aagaard@tslac-stanford.edu RI Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013 OI Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Kirkby, David/0000-0002-8828-5463; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.002 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100080 ER PT J AU Nomerotski, A AF Nomerotski, A TI DZero silicon tracker for Run IIb at the Tevatron SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE silicon detector; analog cable; SVX4 readout chip AB The DZero silicon tracker is planned to be upgraded after 2005 to withstand the increased luminosity of the Tevatron collider. The new tracker will have 6 layers of single-sided silicon sensors read out with the radiation hard SVX4 chip. This contribution describes the design of the new tracker and some results of prototype testing. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nomerotski, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM nomerot@fnal.gov RI Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 295 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.003 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100081 ER PT J AU Li, Z En'yo, H Goto, Y Radeka, V Chen, W Elliott, D Kawabata, T Togawa, M Saito, N Rykov, V Tanida, K Tojo, J AF Li, Z En'yo, H Goto, Y Radeka, V Chen, W Elliott, D Kawabata, T Togawa, M Saito, N Rykov, V Tanida, K Tojo, J TI Novel silicon stripixel detector for PHENIX upgrade SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY AB Novel detector type, named "Stripixel" detector developed at BNL, has been applied in the development of a prototype Si strip detector for the PHENIX Upgrade at RHIC. This novel detector type can generate X-Y two-dimensional position sensitivity with single-sided processing and readout. The prototype Si stripixel detector has an active area of about 3 cm x 6 cm, which is divided into two identical halves. Both X and Y pitches are 80 mum, with a stereo angle of 4.6degrees. There are 384 X strips and 384 Y strips on each half of the detector. The first batch of prototype Si stripixel detectors has been produced at BNL. The initial tests of detector electrical properties have yielded good results. Charge collection tests on test-structure strip detectors have shown both X and Y position sensitivities to laser light. Beam tests on the Si strip detectors have been done at RIKEN in November 2002. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhengl@bnl.gov RI En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015 NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 300 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.189 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100083 ER PT J AU Harkonen, J Tuovinen, E Luukka, P Tuominen, E Lassila-Perini, K Mehtala, P Nummela, S Nysten, J Zibellini, A Li, Z Fretwurst, E Lindstroem, G Stahl, J Honniger, F Eremin, V Ivanov, A Verbitskaya, E Heikkila, P Ovchinnikov, V Yli-Koski, M Laitinen, P Pirojenko, A Riihimaki, I Virtanen, A AF Harkonen, J Tuovinen, E Luukka, P Tuominen, E Lassila-Perini, K Mehtala, P Nummela, S Nysten, J Zibellini, A Li, Z Fretwurst, E Lindstroem, G Stahl, J Honniger, F Eremin, V Ivanov, A Verbitskaya, E Heikkila, P Ovchinnikov, V Yli-Koski, M Laitinen, P Pirojenko, A Riihimaki, I Virtanen, A TI Radiation hardness of Czochralski silicon, Float Zone silicon and oxygenated Float Zone silicon studied by low energy protons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE Cz-Si; detector; radiation hardness ID DETECTORS AB We processed pin-diodes on Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si), standard Float Zone silicon (Fz-Si) and oxygenated Fz-Si. The diodes were irradiated with 10, 20, and 30 MeV protons. Depletion voltages and leakage currents were measured as a function of the irradiation dose. Additionally, the samples were characterized by TCT and DLTS methods. The high-resistivity Cz-Si was found to be more radiation hard than the other studied materials. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Helsinki, Ctr Microelect, Helsinki 02015, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Elect Phys Lab, Helsinki 02015, Finland. Univ Jyvaskyla, Accelerator Lab, Helsinki, Finland. RP Harkonen, J (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Ivanov, Alexander/E-3993-2014; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; OI Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Virtanen, Ari/0000-0002-6591-6787; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641 NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 346 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.018 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100096 ER PT J AU Castoldi, A Galimberti, A Guazzoni, C Rehak, P Struder, L AF Castoldi, A Galimberti, A Guazzoni, C Rehak, P Struder, L TI Towards large area X- and gamma-ray imagers based on Controlled Drift Detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE x-ray imaging; time-resolved x-ray imaging; controlled drift detectors; x-ray tomography; Compton telescope AB The design solutions of a new generation of Controlled Drift Detectors (CDD) with larger area and flexible pixel size are discussed. The experimental results show that the active areas of few square centimetres and pixel sizes ranging from 50 to 180 mum can be safely designed keeping the readout time within few microseconds. Large-area CDD with excellent energy resolution and fast readout opens a variety of new biological, medical and industrial applications. Application examples to microsecond-scale time-resolved imaging of periodical processes, 2D/3D energy-weighted tomography and Compton telescope for gamma-ray imaging with sub-millimeter resolution are proposed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Politecn Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Max Planck Inst Halbleiterlab, D-81739 Munich, Germany. RP Castoldi, A (reprint author), Politecn Milan, Piazza L da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM andrea.castoldi@polimi.it RI Guazzoni, Chiara/A-5070-2008 OI Guazzoni, Chiara/0000-0001-6399-8670 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 426 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.048 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100120 ER PT J AU Fadeyev, V Haber, C AF Fadeyev, V Haber, C TI A novel application of high energy physics technology to the problem of audio preservation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE tracking methods; image processing AB Audio information stored in the undulations of grooves in a medium such as a phonograph record may be reconstructed, with no contact, by measuring the groove shape using precision metrology methods and digital image processing. The effects of damage and contamination may be compensated through image processing. The speed and data handling capacity of available computing hardware make this approach practical. A feasibility test is reported which used a general purpose optical metrology system to study a 50 year old 78 r.p.m. phonograph record. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haber, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chaber@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 456 EP 462 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.055 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100128 ER PT J AU Ashmanskas, B Bogdan, M Frisch, H Liu, T Sanders, H Shochet, M AF Ashmanskas, B Bogdan, M Frisch, H Liu, T Sanders, H Shochet, M TI Virtual prototype method used in design of electronic circuitry for CDF SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE circuit design; behavioral models; timing simulation; signal integrity; full-board simulation AB The use of powerful CAE/CAD tools allows designers to substantially reduce development time and costs of complex electronic circuitry such as 9U VME Boards used in the CDF experiment. We describe a method implemented to design and fully simulate circuit boards used in the CDF experiment's Level 1, Level 2, and Silicon Tracker (SVT) trigger, considering both the functional and the signal integrity issues. Integrating Synopsys and Altera CAD tools in a Mentor Graphics design environment permits an accurate connector-to-connector or even multi-board functional simulation, which includes the placement and layout effects. This method of evaluating the whole circuit board in a comprehensive simulation process has greatly reduced design and implementation time. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bogdan, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM bogdan@frodo.uchicago.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 491 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.065 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100138 ER PT J AU Manfredi, PF Ratti, L Speziali, V Traversi, G Manghisoni, M Re, V Denes, P Placidi, M Ratti, A Turner, WC Datte, PS Millaud, JE AF Manfredi, PF Ratti, L Speziali, V Traversi, G Manghisoni, M Re, V Denes, P Placidi, M Ratti, A Turner, WC Datte, PS Millaud, JE TI The readout of the LHC beam luminosity monitor: accurate shower energy measurements at a 40 MHz repetition rate SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE beam luminosity characterization; radiation detection; signal processing and noise ID DETECTOR AB The LHC beam luminosity monitor is based on the following principle. The neutrals that originate in LHC at every PP interaction develop showers of minimum ionizing particles in the absorbers placed in front of the separation dipoles. The shower energy, measured by suitable detectors in the absorbers is proportional to the number of neutral particles and. therefore, to the luminosity. The principle lends itself to a luminosity measurement on a bunch-by-bunch basis. However, to make such a measurement feasible, the system must comply with extremely stringent requirements. Its speed of operation must match the 40 MHz bunch repetition rate of LHC. Besides, the detector must stand extremely high radiation doses. This paper discusses the solutions adopted to comply with these requirements. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Bereley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Ingn, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Manfredi, PF (reprint author), Lawrence Bereley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pfmanfredi@lbl.gov RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Traversi, Gianluca/Q-6744-2016; OI Traversi, Gianluca/0000-0003-3977-6976; RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Manghisoni, Massimo/0000-0001-5559-0894 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.069 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100142 ER PT J AU Chiodini, G Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, DC Hall, B Hoff, J Kwan, SW Mekkaoui, A Moroni, L Uplegger, L Zimmermann, S AF Chiodini, G Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, DC Hall, B Hoff, J Kwan, SW Mekkaoui, A Moroni, L Uplegger, L Zimmermann, S TI Single event upset rate of 140 Mb/s pixel-data serializer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE pixel; readout chip; serializer; single event upset; proton irradiation ID READOUT CHIP; BTEV AB We report on high-dose irradiation studies performed with a 200 MeV proton beam on a 140 Mbit/s pixel-data serializer prototype realized in standard 0.25 mum CMOS technology. The data serializer was implemented recently for the BTeV pixel readout chip developed at Fermilab. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Chiodini, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. EM gabriele.chiodini@le.infn.it NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 507 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.070 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100143 ER PT J AU Ashmanskas, B Barchiesi, A Bardi, A Bari, M Baumgart, M Belforte, S Berryhill, J Bogdan, M Carosi, R Cerri, A Chlachidze, G Culbertson, R Dell'Orso, M Donati, S Fiori, I Frisch, H Galeotti, S Giannetti, P Glagolev, V Leger, A Liu, Y Maruyama, T Meschi, E Moneta, L Morsani, F Nakaya, T Punzi, G Rescigno, M Ristori, L Sanders, H Sarkar, S Semenov, A Shochet, M Speer, T Spinella, F Vataga, H Wu, X Yang, UK Zanello, L Zanetti, AM AF Ashmanskas, B Barchiesi, A Bardi, A Bari, M Baumgart, M Belforte, S Berryhill, J Bogdan, M Carosi, R Cerri, A Chlachidze, G Culbertson, R Dell'Orso, M Donati, S Fiori, I Frisch, H Galeotti, S Giannetti, P Glagolev, V Leger, A Liu, Y Maruyama, T Meschi, E Moneta, L Morsani, F Nakaya, T Punzi, G Rescigno, M Ristori, L Sanders, H Sarkar, S Semenov, A Shochet, M Speer, T Spinella, F Vataga, H Wu, X Yang, UK Zanello, L Zanetti, AM TI The CDF Silicon Vertex Trigger SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE trigger; data acquisition; real time pattern recognition; tracking; position-sensitive detectors AB The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) experiment's Silicon Vertex Trigger (SVT) is a system of 150 custom 9U VME boards that reconstructs axial tracks in the CDF silicon strip detector in a 15 mus pipeline. SVT's 35 mum impact parameter resolution enables CDF's Level 2 trigger to distinguish primary and secondary particles, and hence to collect large samples of hadronic bottom and charm decays. We review some of SVT's key design features. Speed is achieved with custom VLSI pattern recognition, linearized track fitting, pipelining, and parallel processing. Testing and reliability are aided by built-in logic state analysis and test-data sourcing at each board's input and output, a common interboard data link, and a universal "Merger" board for data fan-in/fan-out. Speed and adaptability are enhanced by use of modern FPGAs. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00173 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna, Russia. Univ Padua, I-35031 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35031 Padua, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-122 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Ashmanskas, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wja@hep.anl.gov RI Zanetti, Anna/I-3893-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012 OI Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052 NR 6 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 532 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.078 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100151 ER PT J AU Armstrong, S Assamagan, K Baines, JT Bee, CP Biglietti, M Bogaerts, A Boisvert, V Bosman, M Brandt, S Caron, B Casado, P Cataldi, G Cavalli, D Cervetto, M Comune, G Corso-Radu, A Di Mattia, A Gomez, MD dos Anjos, A Drohan, J Ellis, N Elsing, M Epp, B Etienne, F Falciano, S Farilla, A George, S Ghete, V Gonzalez, S Grothe, M Kaczmarska, A Karr, K Khomich, A Konstantinidis, N Krasny, W Li, W Lowe, A Luminari, L Ma, H Meessen, C Mello, AG Merino, G Morettini, P Moyse, E Nairz, A Negri, A Nikitin, N Nisati, A Padilla, C Parodi, F Perez-Reale, V Pinfold, JL Pinto, P Polesello, G Qian, Z Rajagopalan, S Resconi, S Rosati, S Scannicchio, DA Schiavi, C Schoerner-Sadenius, T Segura, E de Seixas, JM Shears, T Sivoklokov, S Smizanska, M Soluk, R Stanescu, C Tapprogge, S Touchard, F Vercesi, V Watson, A Wengler, T Werner, P Wheeler, S Wickens, FJ Wiedenmann, W Wielers, M Zobernig, H AF Armstrong, S Assamagan, K Baines, JT Bee, CP Biglietti, M Bogaerts, A Boisvert, V Bosman, M Brandt, S Caron, B Casado, P Cataldi, G Cavalli, D Cervetto, M Comune, G Corso-Radu, A Di Mattia, A Gomez, MD dos Anjos, A Drohan, J Ellis, N Elsing, M Epp, B Etienne, F Falciano, S Farilla, A George, S Ghete, V Gonzalez, S Grothe, M Kaczmarska, A Karr, K Khomich, A Konstantinidis, N Krasny, W Li, W Lowe, A Luminari, L Ma, H Meessen, C Mello, AG Merino, G Morettini, P Moyse, E Nairz, A Negri, A Nikitin, N Nisati, A Padilla, C Parodi, F Perez-Reale, V Pinfold, JL Pinto, P Polesello, G Qian, Z Rajagopalan, S Resconi, S Rosati, S Scannicchio, DA Schiavi, C Schoerner-Sadenius, T Segura, E de Seixas, JM Shears, T Sivoklokov, S Smizanska, M Soluk, R Stanescu, C Tapprogge, S Touchard, F Vercesi, V Watson, A Wengler, T Werner, P Wheeler, S Wickens, FJ Wiedenmann, W Wielers, M Zobernig, H TI Architecture of the ATLAS High Level Trigger Event Selection Software SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE LHC; trigger; software AB We present an overview of the strategy for Event Selection at the ATLAS High Level Trigger and describe the architecture and main components of the software developed for this purpose. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CPPM, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Fis, Naples, Italy. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Lecce, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Genoa, Italy. LHEP, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, EE, IF, BR-21945 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Roma Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Mannheim, Lehrstuhl Informat V, Mannheim, Germany. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Phys Nucl, Moscow, Russia. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Univ Grenoble 1, LPSC, Grenoble, France. Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. RP Konstantinidis, N (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. EM nk@hep.ucl.ac.uk RI Vercesi, Valerio/C-6672-2008; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; OI Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Nisati, Aleandro/0000-0002-5080-2293; Merino, Gonzalo/0000-0002-9540-5742 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.079 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100152 ER PT J AU Bailey, S Barlow, R Boyd, J Brandenburg, G Chai, X de Groot, N Felt, N Grenier, G Halyo, V Harder, S Igonkina, O Innes, W Kelly, M Kolya, S Lee, S Mallik, U Mercer, D Morii, M Oliver, J Olsen, J Sinev, N Su, D Torrence, E Won, E AF Bailey, S Barlow, R Boyd, J Brandenburg, G Chai, X de Groot, N Felt, N Grenier, G Halyo, V Harder, S Igonkina, O Innes, W Kelly, M Kolya, S Lee, S Mallik, U Mercer, D Morii, M Oliver, J Olsen, J Sinev, N Su, D Torrence, E Won, E TI Rapid 3D track reconstruction with the BABAR trigger upgrade SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE BABAR; trigger; data acquisition; track reconstruction AB As the PEP-II luminosity increases the BABAR trigger and dataflow systems must accomodate the increasing data rate. A significant source of background events at the first trigger level comes from the beam particle interactions with the beampipe and synchrotron masks, which are separated from the interaction region by more than 20 cm. The BABAR trigger upgrade will provide 3D tracking capabilities at the first trigger level in order to remove background events by distinguishing the origin of particle tracks. Each new z(0) p(T) Discriminator board processes over I Gbyte of data per second in order to reconstruct the tracks and make trigger decisions based upon the 3D track parameters. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Bailey, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bailey@slac.stanford.edu RI de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; OI Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 544 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.081 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100154 ER PT J AU Field, C Hadig, T Jain, M Leith, DWGS Mazaheri, G Ratcliff, BN Schwiening, J Va'vra, J AF Field, C Hadig, T Jain, M Leith, DWGS Mazaheri, G Ratcliff, BN Schwiening, J Va'vra, J TI Novel photon detectors for focusing DIRC prototype SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE photodetectors; Cherenkov detectors; RICH AB For present BaBar DIRC, the Cherenkov angular resolution is dominated by three contributions-the chromatic error, bar thickness and pixel size. We have designed the Focusing DIRC prototype, which potentially can reduce the chromatic error by a precise timing in the range of 50-100 ps per photon, and the bar thickness by a focusing mirror. This paper describes two novel photon detectors, which are candidates for this type of concept: Hamamatsu 64-channel multi-anode Flat Panel H-8500 PMTs and Burle 64-channel micro-channel plate MCP-PMTs. The detectors were tested with a PiLas laser diode light pulse providing 35 ps FWHM timing resolution. A single-photon timing resolution of (1) sigma similar to 120-140 ps was achieved with the Hamamatsu PMTs, and (2) sigma similar to 55 ps with the Burle MCP-PMTs. To achieve the good timing resolution results, we have developed a new fast amplifier and a constant-fraction discriminator. We have also developed a computer-controlled scanning setup, which allows a detailed study of the relative efficiency response to single photons. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SLAC Bin 62,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM jjv@siac.stanford.edu NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 565 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.086 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100159 ER PT J AU Kistenev, E AF Kistenev, E TI Particle identification in the PHENIX experiment at RHIC (present and future) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE nuclear physics; identification; Cherenkov; aerogel AB The PHENIX (Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 499 (2003)) detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, BNL is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. The charged particle identification is currently provided for kaons and pions to a momentum of 2.4 GeV/c and protons to 5 GeV/c. These limits would be greatly extended by the now under construction Aerogel Threshold Cherenkov detector (refractive index n=1.012). (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kistenev, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kistenev@bnl.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 593 EP 596 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.094 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100167 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Ahn, M Anikeev, K Bauer, G Bellettini, G Cabrera, S Cerri, C Dececco, S Depedis, D DiGirolamo, A Dionisi, C Fernandez, J Furic, IK Chen, C Cho, I Giagu, S Gomez, G Grozis, C Jones, M Kaneko, H Kazama, A Kephart, R Kim, DH Kim, BJ Kim, MS Kim, S Kim, SB Kim, YK Konigsberg, J Kononenko, W Korn, A Kravchenko, I Kroll, J Lee, J Lewis, J Madorsky, A Mayers, GM Menzione, A Mulhearn, M Newcomer, FM Oh, Y Oldeman, RGC Paus, C Pavlon, S Piedra, J Rescigno, M Rodrigo, T Ruiz, A Sato, K Sato, K Stanek, R Sumorok, K Ukegawa, F Usynin, D Van Berg, R Vataga, E Veramendi, G Vila, I Vilar, R Yu, I Zanello, L AF Acosta, D Ahn, M Anikeev, K Bauer, G Bellettini, G Cabrera, S Cerri, C Dececco, S Depedis, D DiGirolamo, A Dionisi, C Fernandez, J Furic, IK Chen, C Cho, I Giagu, S Gomez, G Grozis, C Jones, M Kaneko, H Kazama, A Kephart, R Kim, DH Kim, BJ Kim, MS Kim, S Kim, SB Kim, YK Konigsberg, J Kononenko, W Korn, A Kravchenko, I Kroll, J Lee, J Lewis, J Madorsky, A Mayers, GM Menzione, A Mulhearn, M Newcomer, FM Oh, Y Oldeman, RGC Paus, C Pavlon, S Piedra, J Rescigno, M Rodrigo, T Ruiz, A Sato, K Sato, K Stanek, R Sumorok, K Ukegawa, F Usynin, D Van Berg, R Vataga, E Veramendi, G Vila, I Vilar, R Yu, I Zanello, L TI A Time-of-Flight detector in CDF-II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE CDF; Tau; trigger; particle ID AB A Time-of-Flight (TOE) detector.. based on plastic scintillators and fine-mesh photomultipliers, has been added to the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF)-II experiment at the Tevatron p (p) over tilde collider. The primary physics motivation is to provide charged kaon identification to improve neutral B meson flavor determination. Besides that, the TOF detector found application in the CDF trigger system in implementation of highly ionizing particle, high multiplicity and cosmic rays triggers. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pisa, INFN, Pisa, Italy. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Fis, Cantabria, Spain. Univ Rome, INFN, Rome, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. SungKyunKwan Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Vataga, E (reprint author), Univ Pisa, INFN, Pisa, Italy. EM vataga@pi.infn.it RI De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011 OI Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368 NR 4 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 605 EP 608 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.097 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100170 ER PT J AU Anastassov, A Baroiant, S Chertok, M Conway, J Goncharov, M Jang, D Kamon, T Khotilovich, V Lander, R Lath, A Murat, P Ogawa, T Pagliarone, C Piacentino, GM Ratnikov, F Safonov, A Savoy-Navarro, A Smith, JR Toback, D Tourneur, S Vataga, E Wan, Z AF Anastassov, A Baroiant, S Chertok, M Conway, J Goncharov, M Jang, D Kamon, T Khotilovich, V Lander, R Lath, A Murat, P Ogawa, T Pagliarone, C Piacentino, GM Ratnikov, F Safonov, A Savoy-Navarro, A Smith, JR Toback, D Tourneur, S Vataga, E Wan, Z TI Selection of tau leptons with the CDF Run 2 trigger system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors CY MAY 25-31, 2003 CL LA BIODOLA, ITALY DE CDF; tau; trigger; particle ID AB We have implemented triggers for hadronically decaying tau leptons within a framework of the CDF Run 2 trigger system. We describe the triggers, along with their physics motivations, and report on their initial performance. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Waseda Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris 05, France. CNRS, IN2P3 7, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Vataga, E (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. EM elena.vataga@pi.infn.it NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 609 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.098 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 774CA UT WOS:000188961100171 ER PT J AU Weber, WJ Gao, F Devanathan, R Jiang, W Wang, CM AF Weber, WJ Gao, F Devanathan, R Jiang, W Wang, CM TI Ion-beam induced defects and nanoscale amorphous clusters in silicon carbide SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices CY AUG 02-04, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE silicon carbide; computer simulations; irradiation effects; frenkel pairs; nanoscale clusters ID ATOMIC-SCALE SIMULATIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLID INTERACTIONS; AMORPHIZATION; CASCADE; IMPLANTATION; POTENTIALS; BREAKDOWN; EVOLUTION AB Atomic-level simulations have been employed to study the defects and nanoscale disordering induced in 3C-SiC by C, Si and Au ions with energies up to 50 keV. Energetic C and Si ions primarily produce interstitials, vacancies, antisite defects and small defect clusters directly in collision cascades. The overlap of Si cascades produces nanoscale defect clusters. In the case of energetic Au ions, nanoscale amorphous domains are produced directly within the Au cascades along with point defects and smaller clusters. In about 25% of the Au cascades, one or more subcascades contain nanoscale clusters that exhibit a structure that is consistent with an amorphous state. Structural image simulations of the subcascade structures produced by energetic Si and Au recoils are consistent with experimental high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. Simulations of close-pair production and recombination in SiC indicate that the activation energies for recombination of most close pairs range from 0.24 to 0.38 eV. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weber, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bill.weber@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2004 VL 216 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.11.016 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 778CT UT WOS:000189222100005 ER PT J AU Hochbauer, T Misra, A Nastasi, M Henttinen, K Suni, T Suni, I Lau, SS Ensinger, W AF Hochbauer, T Misra, A Nastasi, M Henttinen, K Suni, T Suni, I Lau, SS Ensinger, W TI Comparison of thermally and mechanically induced Si layer transfer in hydrogen-implanted Si wafers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ion Beams for Nanoscale Surface Modifications held as the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 10-13, 2003 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE ion-cut; implantation; fracture mechanics; silicon on insulator ID INDUCED EXFOLIATION; SILICON AB Hydrogen ion-implantation into Si and subsequent heat treatment has been shown to be an effective means of cleaving thin layer of Si from its parent wafer. This process has been called Smart Cut(TM) or ion-cut. We investigated the cleavage process in H-implanted silicon samples, in which the ion-cut was provoked thermally and mechanically, respectively. A <1 0 0> oriented p-type silicon wafer was irradiated at room temperature with 100 keV H-2(+)-ions to a dose of 5 x 10(16) H-2/cm(2) and subsequently joined to a handle wafer. Ion-cutting was achieved by two different methods: (1) thermally by annealing to 350 degreesC and (2) mechanically by insertion of a razor blade sidewise into the bonded wafers near the bond interface. The H-concentration and the crystal damage depth profiles before and after the ion-cut were investigated through the combined use of elastic recoil detection analysis and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The location at which the ion-cut occurred was determined by RBS in channeling mode and cross-section transmission electron spectroscopy. The ion-cut depth was found to be independent on the cutting method. The gained knowledge was correlated to the depth distribution of the H-platelet density in the as-implanted sample, which contains two separate peaks in the implantation zone. The obtained results suggest that the ion-cut location coincides with the depth of the H-platelet density peak located at a larger depth. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. VTT, Ctr Microelect, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Marburg, Dept Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Hochbauer, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hoechbauer@lanl.gov RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2004 VL 216 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.11.043 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 778CT UT WOS:000189222100042 ER PT J AU Murphy, JJ Patel, M Skinner, AR Horn, IM Powell, SJ Smith, PF AF Murphy, JJ Patel, M Skinner, AR Horn, IM Powell, SJ Smith, PF TI Volatile evolution from polymer materials induced by irradiation with He++ ions and comparative pyrolysis experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE helium ions; volatile evolution; pyrolysis; ethylene vinylacetate; poly(siloxane); poly(urethane); pyrolysis ID THERMAL-DEGRADATION; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIOLYSIS; GAMMA AB Irradiation of polymer samples using an accelerated beam of He++ ions passed through a 10 mum thick window of Havar foil has been performed. Such an irradiation simulates the effects of large alpha radiation doses on a vastly reduced time-scale. The experimental set up was designed so that the irradiated materials were contained within a small sample chamber. This chamber was isolated from the main vacuum chamber of the ion beam by means of the Havar foil window. A mass spectrometer linked directly to the sample chamber was used to analyse gaseous products evolved from the materials under irradiation. Samples of a material in which the polymer phase was an ethylenevinylacetate/polyvinylalcohol composite material indicated increased CO2 and CO evolution upon irradiation. This material, however, evolved a considerable amount of volatiles even without irradiation and so a detailed mechanistic interpretation of the results is not possible. A foamed poly(siloxane) material evolved a number of volatile species upon irradiation and possible chemical degradation mechanisms are commented upon. The sample was extremely resistant to radiation induced degradation as measured by volatile evolution though, so again a detailed mechanistic analysis is not possible. Samples of a polyester based polyurethane evolved CO2, CO and a number of high mass volatile species. Assignment of chemical structures to the main molecular ions allows deductions about the chemistry underlying radiation induced change to be made. Furthermore, identification of trends in volatile production allows information about potential degradation mechanisms to be deduced. To assess the contribution of sample heating on volatile evolution a series of pyrolysis experiments were performed. These indicate no evolution of volatiles below 100 degreesC and evolution of volatiles possessing masses of greater than 50 amu only at temperature of above 300 degreesC. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 AWE Aldermaston, Organ Mat Ageing Sect, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murphy, JJ (reprint author), AWE Aldermaston, Organ Mat Ageing Sect, Bldg BBA 1, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM julian.j.murphy@awe.co.uk NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2004 VL 215 IS 3-4 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.08.032 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 771PP UT WOS:000188795500017 ER PT J AU Naydenov, SV Ryzhikov, VD Smith, CF AF Naydenov, SV Ryzhikov, VD Smith, CF TI Direct reconstruction of the effective atomic number of materials by the method of multi-energy radiography SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article ID RAY COMPUTERIZED-TOMOGRAPHY; X-RAYS; DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY; DETECTOR AB A direct method is proposed for reconstruction of the effective atomic number by means of multi-energy radiography of the material. The accuracy of the method is up to 95%. Advantages over conventional radiographic methods, which ensure accuracy of just about 50%, are discussed. A physical model has been constructed and general expressions have been obtained for description of the effective atomic number in a two-energy monitoring scheme. A universal dependence has been predicted for the effective atomic number as a function of relative (two-energy) radiographic reflex. The established theoretical law is confirmed by the experimental data presented. The proposed development can find multiple applications in non-destructive testing and related fields, including those in the civil sphere as well as antiterrorist activities. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Single Crystals, UA-61001 Kharkov, Ukraine. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94556 USA. RP Naydenov, SV (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Single Crystals, 60 Lenin Ave, UA-61001 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM naydenov@isc.kharkov.com OI Naydenov, Sergei/0000-0002-5585-763X NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD FEB PY 2004 VL 215 IS 3-4 BP 552 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.09.020 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 771PP UT WOS:000188795500032 ER PT J AU Dawson, C AF Dawson, C CA RBC Collaboration TI Dynamical domain wall fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Cairns Topical Workshop on Lattice Hadron Physics CY JUL 22-30, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA ID HYBRID MONTE-CARLO; LATTICE AB We report on an exploratory study of N-f = 2 dynamical domain wall ferinions and the DBW2 gauge action at weak coupling. Details of improved simulation algorithms and preliminary results for the hadron spectrum are presented. C1 RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dawson, C (reprint author), RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM cdawson@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 128 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.052 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 779JL UT WOS:000189291500009 ER PT J AU Bonnet, FDR Edwards, RG Fleming, GT Lewis, R Richards, DG AF Bonnet, FDR Edwards, RG Fleming, GT Lewis, R Richards, DG CA Lattice Hadron Phys Collaboration TI Mesonic form factors SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Cairns Topical Workshop on Lattice Hadron Physics CY JUL 22-30, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA ID PION SCATTERING RESONANCE; LATTICE QCD; NUCLEON STRUCTURE; SCALING LAWS; MOMENTUM AB We have started a program to compute the electromagnetic form factors of mesons. We discuss the techniques used to compute the pion form factor and present preliminary results computed with domain wall valence fermions on MILC asqtad lattices, as well as Wilson fermions on quenched lattices. These methods can easily be extended to rho --> gammapi transition form factors. C1 Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bonnet, FDR (reprint author), Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. EM flemingg@jlab.org; randy.lewis@uregina.ca; dgr@jlab.org RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 128 BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.003 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 779JL UT WOS:000189291500010 ER PT J AU Detmold, W Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW AF Detmold, W Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW TI Parton distributions from lattice QCD: an update SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Cairns Topical Workshop on Lattice Hadron Physics CY JUL 22-30, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA ID NUCLEON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; MOMENTS; OPERATORS; PROTON; CHARGE AB We review the extraction of parton distributions from their moments calculated in lattice QCD, focusing in particular on their extrapolation to the physical region. As examples, we consider both the unpolarized and polarized isovector parton distributions of the nucleon. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Detmold, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wmelnitc@jlab.org; athomas@physics.adelaide.edu.au OI Detmold, William/0000-0002-0400-8363; Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 128 BP 148 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.065 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 779JL UT WOS:000189291500022 ER PT J AU Negele, JW Brower, RC Dreher, P Edwards, R Fleming, G Hagler, P Heller, UM Lippert, T Pochinsky, AV Renner, DB Richards, D Schilling, K Schroers, W AF Negele, JW Brower, RC Dreher, P Edwards, R Fleming, G Hagler, P Heller, UM Lippert, T Pochinsky, AV Renner, DB Richards, D Schilling, K Schroers, W TI Insight into nucleon structure from lattice calculations of moments of parton and generalized parton distributions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Cairns Topical Workshop on Lattice Hadron Physics CY JUL 22-30, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA ID REPRESENTATION AB This talk presents recent calculations in full QCD of the lowest three moments of generalized parton distributions and the insight they provide into the behavior of nucleon electromagnetic form factors, the origin of the nucleon spin, and the transverse structure of the nucleon. In addition, new exploratory calculations in the chiral regime of full QCD are discussed. C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Negele, JW (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM negele@mitlns.mit.edu; flemingg@jlab.org; dgr@jlab.org RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013; OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167; Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 22 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 128 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.068 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 779JL UT WOS:000189291500025 ER PT J AU Ohta, S AF Ohta, S CA RIKEN-BNL-Columbia-KEK Collaborati TI Nucleon structure from lattice QCD with domain wall fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Cairns Topical Workshop on Lattice Hadron Physics CY JUL 22-30, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA ID FORM-FACTOR; CHIRAL FERMIONS AB We report the current status of RBCK calculations on nucleon structure with both quenched and unquenched lattice QGD. The combination of domain wall fermions and DBW2 gauge action works well for quantities like isovector vector and axial charges, moments of structure functions (q), d(1), and <1>(deltaq), and nucleon decay matrix elements. Good chiral symmetry is observed, and translates into continuum-like behavior of non-perturabtive renormalization where explicitly checked. Pion form factor calculation in the same framework is also reported. C1 KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ohta, S (reprint author), KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM shigemi.ohta@kek.jp OI Orginos, Kostas/0000-0002-3535-7865 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 128 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.069 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 779JL UT WOS:000189291500026 ER PT J AU Basak, S Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, G Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S AF Basak, S Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, G Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S CA LHP Collaboration TI Baryon operators and spectroscopy in lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Cairns Topical Workshop on Lattice Hadron Physics CY JUL 22-30, 2003 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA AB The construction of the operators and correlators required to determine the excited baryon spectrum is presented, with the aim of exploring the spatial and spin structure of the states while minimizing the number of propagator inversions. The method used to construct operators that transform irreducibly under the symmetries of the lattice is detailed, and the properties of example operators is studied using domain-wall fermion valence propagators computed on MILC asqtad dynamical lattices. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Basak, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM flemingg@jlab.org RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013; Morningstar, Colin/N-6925-2014; OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167; Morningstar, Colin/0000-0002-0607-9923; Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 128 BP 186 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.070 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 779JL UT WOS:000189291500027 ER PT J AU Densmore, JD Larsen, EW AF Densmore, JD Larsen, EW TI Variational variance reduction for Monte Carlo eigenvalue and eigenfunction problems SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID IMPORTANCE FUNCTION TRANSFORM; NEUTRON-TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; BIASES AB A new variational variance reduction (VVR) technique is developed for improving the efficiency of Monte Carlo multigroup nuclear reactor eigenvalue and eigenfunction calculations. The VVR method employs a variational functional, which requires detailed estimates of both the forward and adjoint fluxes. The direct functional, employed in standard Monte Carlo calculations, requires only limited information concerning the forward flux. The variational functional requires global information about the forward and adjoint fluxes and hence is more expensive to evaluate but is more accurate than the direct functional. In calculations, this increased accuracy outweighs the extra expense, resulting in a more efficient Monte Carlo simulation. In our work, we evaluate the variational functional using Monte Carlo-calculated forward flux estimates and deterministically calculated adjoint flux estimates. Also, we represent the adjoint flux as a low-order polynomial in space and angle, which is accurate for diffusive systems. (In such systems, which are common in reactor analysis problems, the angular flux is locally nearly linear in space and angle.) Using this adjoint representation, we develop specific VVR methods for eigenvalue problems, in which an estimate of the eigenvalue k in a criticality calculation is desired, and eigenfunction problems, in which an estimate of a detector response due to a fission neutron source during a criticality calculation is desired. The resulting VVR method is very efficient for the problems of interest. With a set of example problems, we demonstrate the increased efficiency of the VVR method over standard Monte Carlo. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Larsen, EW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM edlarsen@engin.umich.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 146 IS 2 BP 121 EP 140 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772BY UT WOS:000188821700001 ER PT J AU Smith, MA Palmiotti, G Lewis, EE Tsoulfanidis, N AF Smith, MA Palmiotti, G Lewis, EE Tsoulfanidis, N TI An integral form of the variational nodal method SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT METHODS; DIFFUSION; EQUATIONS AB An integral form of the variational nodal method is formulated, implemented, and tested. The method combines an integral transport treatment of the even-parity flux within the spatial node with an odd-parity spherical harmonics expansion of the Lagrange multipliers at the node interfaces. The response matrices that result from this formulation are compatible with those in the VARIANT code at Argonne National Laboratory. Spatial discretization within each node allows for accurate treatment of homogeneous or heterogeneous node geometries. The integral method is implemented in Cartesian x-y geometry and applied to three benchmark problems. The method's accuracy is compared to that of the standard spherical harmonic formulation of the variational nodal method, and the CPU and memory requirements of the two approaches are compared and contrasted. In general, for calculations requiring higher-order angular approximations, the integral method yields solutions with comparable accuracy while requiring substantially less CPU time and memory than the spherical harmonics approach. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Nucl Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Smith, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM masmith@ra.anl.gov RI Lewis, Elmer/B-7597-2009 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 146 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 772BY UT WOS:000188821700002 ER PT J AU Choi, CH Kalosakas, G Rasmussen, KO Hiromura, M Bishop, AR Usheva, A AF Choi, CH Kalosakas, G Rasmussen, KO Hiromura, M Bishop, AR Usheva, A TI DNA dynamically directs its own transcription initiation SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TATA-BINDING-PROTEIN; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; SUPERHELICAL DNA; DUPLEX DESTABILIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NONLINEAR MODEL; SEQUENCE; DENATURATION; YY1; COMPLEX AB It has long been known that double-stranded DNA is subject to temporary, localized openings of its two strands. Particular regions along a DNA polymer are destabilized structurally by available thermal energy in the system. The localized sequence of DNA determines the physical properties of a stretch of DNA, and that in turn determines the opening profile of that DNA fragment. We show that the Peyrard-Bishop nonlinear dynamical model of DNA, which has been used to simulate denaturation of short DNA fragments, gives an accurate representation of the instability profile of a defined sequence of DNA, as verified using S1 nuclease cleavage assays. By comparing results for a non-promoter DNA fragment, the adenovirus major late promoter, the adeno-associated viral P5 promoter and a known P5 mutant promoter that is inactive for transcription, we show that the predicted openings correlate almost exactly with the promoter transcriptional start sites and major regulatory sites. Physicists have speculated that localized melting of DNA might play a role in gene transcription and other processes. Our data link sequence-dependent opening behavior in DNA to transcriptional activity for the first time. C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Usheva, A (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, 99 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ausheva@bidmc.harvard.edu RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Kalosakas, George/L-6211-2013 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; Kalosakas, George/0000-0001-7763-718X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL624458]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM073911] NR 43 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1584 EP 1590 DI 10.1093/nar/gkh335 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 802RD UT WOS:000220179700044 PM 15004245 ER PT J AU Farahani, P Chiu, S Bowlus, CL Boffelli, D Lee, E Fisler, JS Krauss, RM Warden, CH AF Farahani, P Chiu, S Bowlus, CL Boffelli, D Lee, E Fisler, JS Krauss, RM Warden, CH TI Obesity in BSB mice is correlated with expression of genes for iron homeostasis and leptin SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE expression profiling; iron homeostasis; hemochromatosis; leptin; liver iron ID MULTIFACTORIAL MOUSE MODEL; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ZUCKER RATS; MICROARRAY; ADIPOCYTES; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; INDEXES AB Objective: We searched for genes whose alleles cause obesity and novel pathways correlated with obesity. Research Methods and Procedures: BSB mice are a model of complex obesity due to interactions among genes from C57BL/6J (13) and Mus spretus (SPRET) in (B X SPRET) X B backcross mice. Stringent criteria identified 50 genes differentially expressed in epididymal adipose tissue from 7 pairs of lean vs. obese BSB mice. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of adipose tissue RNA from 48 BSB mice with a range of obesity was assayed. Leptin was evaluated in inbred (SPRET/Ei) and outbred (SPRET/Pt) BSB mice. Results: Leptin (Lep) and adipsin expressions had the greatest fold differences between obese and lean mice. Four genes involved in iron homeostasis were included in the 50 differentially expressed genes [hemochromatosis (Hfe), diaphorase 1, transferrin receptor (Trfr) 2, and protoporphyrinogen oxidase] and two additional iron-related genes did not quite meet the stringent criteria for differential expression (Trfr and lactotransferrin). Hfe and Trfr mRNA levels and liver iron were negatively correlated with fat mass. Variation in obesity phenotypes explained 49%, 40%, and 37%, respectively, of the variance in Hfe, Lep, and Trfr mRNA levels. Leptin differed by haplotype at the Lep locus in outbred BSB. The quantitative trait locus identified in the outbred cross did not occur in inbred BSB. Discussion: Our results suggest that iron homeostasis in BSB mice is coordinately regulated in vivo in adipose depots in response to obesity. Lep alleles derived from outbred, but not inbred, SPRET are a positional candidate for the chromosome 6 quantitative trait locus in BSB mice. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Dept Pediat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Sect Neurobiol Physiol & Behav, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Warden, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM chwarden@ucdavis.edu RI Bowlus, Christopher/N-9276-2016 OI Bowlus, Christopher/0000-0002-3906-6811 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK07355, DK35747, R01 DK53993] NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 12 IS 2 BP 191 EP 204 DI 10.1038/oby.2004.26 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 779TX UT WOS:000189318000004 PM 14981211 ER PT J AU Treseder, KK Masiello, CA Lansing, JL Allen, MF AF Treseder, KK Masiello, CA Lansing, JL Allen, MF TI Species-specific measurements of ectomycorrhizal turnover under N-fertilization: combining isotopic and genetic approaches SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic nitrogen deposition; Pinus edulis; radiocarbon; RFLP; community composition ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; UPLAND GRASSLAND; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON FLOW; SOIL; PLANTS; ROOTS; C-14 AB Ectomycorrhizal fungi play a significant role in the transfer of nutrients between plant and soil pools. Here we combine natural abundance C-14 measurements with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the residence time of carbon within ectomycorrhizal species. We show that the carbon in ectomycorrhizal fungi turns over every 4-5 years, indicating that these fungi are relatively long-lived. Moreover, ectomycorrhizal fungi responded in a species-specific way to fertilization. Cenococcum geophilum contained younger carbon on average in nitrogen-fertilized plots than in control plots, even though turnover rates of the community as a whole did not shift significantly. Our results suggest that the response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to N availability is complex, and alterations in tissue turnover within this microbial pool may vary depending on community structure. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Treseder, KK (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM Treseder@uci.edu RI Masiello, Caroline/A-2653-2011; Treseder, Kathleen/E-5148-2011 OI Masiello, Caroline/0000-0003-2102-6229; NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD FEB PY 2004 VL 138 IS 3 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s00442-003-1441-y PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 766QM UT WOS:000188387100012 PM 14666417 ER PT J AU Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Omenetto, FG Vanin, E AF Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Omenetto, FG Vanin, E TI Adaptive control of femtosecond soliton self-frequency shift in fibers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATION AB The Raman shift of a subpicosecond soliton in 100 m of fiber is controlled adaptively by pulse shaping before launching into the fiber. We use a deformable-mirror-based shaper to control the spectral phase of the input pulse. Wavelength tuning of the output pulse is also demonstrated. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Acreo AB, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden. RP Efimov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM efimov@lanl.gov OI Efimov, Anatoly/0000-0002-5559-4147 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 271 EP 273 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000271 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 765RZ UT WOS:000188298400015 PM 14759048 ER PT J AU Fletcher, R Leyffer, S AF Fletcher, R Leyffer, S TI Solving mathematical programs with complementarity constraints as nonlinear programs SO OPTIMIZATION METHODS & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE MPCC; complementarity constraints; nonlinear programming; sequential quadratic programming; interior-point methods ID INTERIOR-POINT ALGORITHM; EQUILIBRIUM CONSTRAINTS; OPTIMIZATION; STATIONARITY; SOLVERS AB We consider solving mathematical programs with complementarity constraints (MPCCs) as nonlinear programs (NLPs) using standard NLP solvers. This approach is appealing because it allows existing off-the-shelf NLP solvers to tackle large instances of MPCCs. Numerical experience on MacMPEC, a large collection of MPCC test problems is presented. Our experience indicates that sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods are very well suited for solving MPCCs and at present outperform interior-point solvers both in terms of speed and reliability. All NLP solvers also compare very favorably to special MPCC solvers on tests published in the literature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Dundee, Dept Math, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP Leyffer, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fletcher@maths.dundee.ac.uk; leyffer@mcs.anl.gov NR 34 TC 82 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1055-6788 J9 OPTIM METHOD SOFTW JI Optim. Method Softw. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 19 IS 1 BP 15 EP 40 DI 10.1080/10556780410001654241 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 775DZ UT WOS:000189026600003 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, S Chen, LH Stadler, BMR Stadler, PF AF Rasmussen, S Chen, LH Stadler, BMR Stadler, PF TI Proto-organism kinetics: Evolutionary dynamics of lipid aggregates with genes and metabolism SO ORIGINS OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION OF THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE prebiotic evolution; protocell; replicator dynamics ID VESICLES; REPLICATION; ACIDS; RNA; ASSEMBLIES; TEMPLATES; LIGATION; SYSTEMS; MATTER AB A synthetic proto-organism could be self-assembled by integrating a lipid proto-container with a proto-metabolic subsystem and a proto-genetic subsystem. This three-component system can use energy and nutrients by means of either redox or photo-chemical reactions, evolve its protogenome by means of template directed replication, and ultimately die. The evolutionary dynamics of the proto-organism depends crucially on the chemical kinetics of its sub-systems and on their interplay. In this work the template replication kinetics is investigated and it is found that the product inhibition inherent in the ligation-like replication process allows for coexistence of unrelated self-replicating proto-genes in the lipid surface layer. The combined catalytic effects from the proto-genes on the metabolic production rates determine the fate of the strain protocell. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Theor Chem & Struct Biol, Vienna, Austria. Max Planck Inst Math Sci, Leipzig, Germany. Univ Leipzig, Inst Informat, Leipzig, Germany. RP Rasmussen, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-6 MS T003 & T-CNLS MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM steen@lanl.gov RI Stadler, Peter F./L-7857-2015 OI Stadler, Peter F./0000-0002-5016-5191 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-6149 J9 ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B JI Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1023/B:ORIG.0000009838.16739.40 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 756ZX UT WOS:000187516600016 PM 14979654 ER PT J AU McNeil, LE Grimsditch, MH Birtcher, RC Abrosimov, N AF McNeil, LE Grimsditch, MH Birtcher, RC Abrosimov, N TI Elastic instability in Ge1-xSix alloys under heavy-ion irradiation SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMPLANTATION DAMAGE; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; GE; SI; GERMANIUM; BOMBARDMENT; BEHAVIOR; GAAS AB We report Brillouin scattering measurements of heavy-ion-irradiated Ge1-xSix alloys, from which we infer the existence of an instability in the elastic properties, in which the bulk modulus in the amorphized state decreases drastically under continued irradiation. This instability results in the formation of a low-density void-containing 'spongy' state upon further irradiation. Variations in the elastic wave velocity with alloy concentration in the spongy state can be explained by the balance between the enhancement of dynamic annealing caused by the presence of Si and the preferential formation of dangling bonds on Ge sites compared with Si sites. This preference for Ge rather than Si dangling bonds may also lead to a migration of the Si atoms away from surfaces, which results in an increase in the sound velocity. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Crystal Growth, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP McNeil, LE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM mcneil@physics.unc.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1080/0950830310001639020 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 768DW UT WOS:000188514900004 ER PT J AU Schelling, PK Phillpot, SR Grimes, RW AF Schelling, PK Phillpot, SR Grimes, RW TI Optimum pyrochlore compositions for low thermal conductivity SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; BARRIER COATINGS; MECHANISM; TRANSPORT; CRYSTALS AB The thermal conductivities of 40 pyrochlores with the composition A(2)B(2)O(7) (A=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Y, Er or Lu; B = Ti, Mo, Sn, Zr or Pb) are predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. The trends in the behaviour can be fully understood in terms of the differences in the density and the speed of sound in the materials. Increased structural disorder, arising from O diffusion in most of the Pb-containing systems, leads to a further reduction in the thermal conductivity. We suggest strategies for lowering the thermal conductivity even further. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Schelling, PK (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM pschell@mail.ucf.edu RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 21 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1080/09500830310001646699 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 768DW UT WOS:000188514900008 ER PT J AU Venkataraman, K Kropf, AJ Segre, CU Jia, QX Goyal, A Kang, BW Chattopadhyay, S You, H Maroni, VA AF Venkataraman, K Kropf, AJ Segre, CU Jia, QX Goyal, A Kang, BW Chattopadhyay, S You, H Maroni, VA TI Detection of interfacial strain and phase separation in MBa2Cu3O7-x thin films using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction space mapping SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE MBa2Cu3O7-x; X-ray diffraction; phase separation; strain; Raman ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTOR; EPITAXY; SRTIO3; DEPENDENCE; QUALITY AB Phase stoichiometry, texture, and the presence of microdomains in high quality MBa2Cu3O7-x (M-123, M=Y or a rare earth metal) thin film specimens were investigated using Raman microspectroscopy methods. Complementary diffraction space mapping (DSM) measurements on the same specimens (using 17 keV X-rays from a synchrotron radiation source in symmetric and asymmetric reflection geometries) provided information on their state of epitaxy, interplanar tilt, strain, crystallite twinning, and orthorhombicity. The effects of substrate crystallography and the presence of a buffer layer on the epitaxial quality of the overlying M-123 film were also studied using DSM. A correlation between the interfacial strain present in each thin film specimen and the degree of twinning detected in the M-123 film microstructure was observed. The observed strain relief (complementing crystallite twinning) is consistent with a mechanism based on microdomain formation due to the oxygen atom reordering accompanying the transition of the tetragonal phase of MBa2Cu3O7-x to the orthorhombic phase during the M-123 film deposition/oxygenation process. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maroni, VA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maroni@cmt.anl.gov RI Segre, Carlo/B-1548-2009; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI Segre, Carlo/0000-0001-7664-1574; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 402 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2003.10.011 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 766XW UT WOS:000188409900001 ER PT J AU Klehe, AK Tomita, T Schilling, JS Kini, AM Schlueter, JA AF Klehe, AK Tomita, T Schilling, JS Kini, AM Schlueter, JA TI Comparative pressure studies of the superconducting transition temperature in isotopically substituted samples of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(SCN)(2) SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE pressure; organic molecular metal; organic superconductor; superconducting transition temperature; susceptibility ID LAYERED ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; BEDT-TTF; T-C; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; EFFECTIVE-MASS; DEPENDENCE; KAPPA-(ET)(2)CU(NCS)(2); BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; BETA''-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 AB We determined the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperatures T-c, of the organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(SCN)(2) for three different isotopic compositions using helium as a pressure medium. These measurements demonstrated that, given identical measurement conditions, the pressure dependence of T-c is independent of the isotopic composition of the material. Assuming that these isotopically different materials have an identical unit cell compressibility, it is found that for all three materials T-c scales linearly with the quasi-two-dimensional unit cell area, and is thus inversely proportional to the quasi-two-dimensional carrier density in kappa-(BED-TTTF)(2)Cu(SCN)(2). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klehe, AK (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM a.klehe1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 402 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2003.10.003 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 766XW UT WOS:000188409900002 ER PT J AU Lorenz, B Cmaidalka, J Meng, RL Chu, CW AF Lorenz, B Cmaidalka, J Meng, RL Chu, CW TI Thermodynamic properties in the normal and superconducting states of NaxCoO2 center dot yH(2)O powder measured by heat capacity experiments SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB The heat capacity of superconducting NaxCoO2 . yH(2)O was measured and the data are discussed based on two different models: The BCS theory and a model including the effects of line nodes in the superconducting gap function. The electronic heat capacity is separated from the lattice contribution in a thermodynamically consistent way maintaining the entropy balance of superconducting and normal states at the critical temperature. It is shown that for a fully gapped superconductor the data can only be explained by a reduced (approximate to50%) superconducting volume fraction. The data are compatible with 100% superconductivity in the case where line nodes are present in the superconducting gap function. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, TCSAM, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 3201 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM blorenz@uh.edu NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 402 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2003.09.066 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 766XW UT WOS:000188409900015 ER PT J AU Dawley, JT Clem, PG Boyle, TJ Ottley, LM Overmyer, DL Siegal, MP AF Dawley, JT Clem, PG Boyle, TJ Ottley, LM Overmyer, DL Siegal, MP TI Rapid processing method for solution deposited YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; 001 LAALO3; GROWTH; BA2YCU3O7-X; TRIFLUOROACETATES; CONDUCTORS; MORPHOLOGY; SCHEME; MODEL AB YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films, deposited on buffered metal substrates, are the primary candidate for second-generation superconducting (SC) wires, with applications including expanded power grid transmission capability, compact motors. and enhanced sensitivity magnetic resonance imaging. Feasibility of manufacturing such superconducting wires is dependent on high processing speed, often a limitation of vapor and solution-based YBCO deposition processes. In this work, YBCO films were fabricated via a new diethanolamine-modified trifluoroacetic film solution deposition method. Modifying the copper chemistry of the YBCO precursor solution with diethanolamine enables a hundredfold decrease in the organic pyrolysis time required for MA/cm(2) current density (J(c)) YBCO films, from multiple hours to similar to20 s in atmospheric pressure air. High quality, similar to0.2 gm thick YBCO films with J(c), (77 K) values greater than or equal to2 MA/cm(2) at 77 K are routinely crystallized from these rapidly pyrolyzed films deposited on LaAlO3. This process has also enabled J(c) (77 K) = 1.1 MA/cm(2) YBCO films via 90 m/h dip-coating on Oak Ridge National Laboratory RABiTS(TM) textured metal tape substrates. This new YBCO solution deposition method suggests a route toward inexpensive and commercializable similar to$10/kA m solution deposited YBCO coated conductor wires. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dawley, JT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jtdawle@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 1 PY 2004 VL 402 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2003.09.072 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 766XW UT WOS:000188409900020 ER PT J AU Venkataraman, CT Schwoerer-Bohning, M Simmons, RO AF Venkataraman, CT Schwoerer-Bohning, M Simmons, RO TI Dynamic diffuse scattering of X-rays in fcc He-4 SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEBYE-WALLER FACTOR; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; SOLID HE-4; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; PHONON SPECTROSCOPY; CONDENSED HELIUM; POINT-DEFECTS; HCP HE-4; BCC HE-3; CLUSTERS AB A first measurement of the dynamic diffuse scattering (DDS) of X-rays was made in a fcc He-4 crystal. The generally preferred method of studying lattice dynamics is through inelastic neutron scattering (INS). INS experiments, however, require large crystals which, in case of the high pressure fcc phase of helium are difficult to achieve and suffer from some poorly resolved phonon signals. An alternate promising technique uses a beryllium sample cell at cryogenic temperatures and excellent quality single crystals. Diffuse X-ray scattering measurements on such fcc samples yield information about the elastic constants in solid He-4. Present test results on a crystal at 241(3) MPa and 23.8(1) K are compared with the results from neutron experiments and several theoretical calculations, including a present Hartree-Fock LCAO model. Various disagreements are found and discussed. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Venkataraman, CT (reprint author), ACCEL Instruments GmbH, Friedrich Ebert Str 1, D-51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany. EM chitra@accel.de NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD FEB PY 2004 VL 241 IS 2 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1002/pssb.200301925 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 774LD UT WOS:000188980200004 ER PT J AU Aguilar, A Thompson, JS Calabrese, D Covington, AM Cisneros, C Davis, VT Gulley, MS Halka, M Hanstorp, D Sandstrom, J McLaughlin, BM Pegg, DJ AF Aguilar, A Thompson, JS Calabrese, D Covington, AM Cisneros, C Davis, VT Gulley, MS Halka, M Hanstorp, D Sandstrom, J McLaughlin, BM Pegg, DJ TI Double photodetachment from the Cl- ion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INNER-SHELL PHOTODETACHMENT; 2-ELECTRON PHOTOIONIZATION; AUTOIONIZATION RESONANCES; ATOMIC CHLORINE; CROSS-SECTION; NEGATIVE-IONS; DETACHMENT; THRESHOLD; HE; LI AB The correlated process involving the photodetachment of two electrons from the Cl- ion has been investigated over the photon energy range 20-45 eV. In the experiment, a beam of photons from the Advanced Light Source (ALS) was collinearly merged with a counterpropagating beam of Cl- ions from a sputter ion source. The Cl+ ions produced in the interaction region were detected, and the normalized signal was used to monitor the relative cross section for the reaction. An absolute scale for the cross section was established by measuring the spatial overlap of the two beams and by determining the efficiency for collection and detection of the Cl+ ions. The overall magnitude and shape of the measured cross section for this process agrees well with an R-matrix calculation. The calculation identifies the dominant mechanism leading to the production of the Cl+ ion as being a direct nonresonant process involving the ejection of a pair of electrons from the valence shell. Less important is the indirect nonresonant process that involves the production and decay of core-excited and doubly excited states of the Cl atom in an intermediate step. Direct and indirect resonant mechanisms involving the excitation of a single 3s core electron or more than one valence electron of the Cl- ion were found to be insignificant in the energy range studied. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Sierra Coll, Dept Phys, Rocklin, CA 95677 USA. Lake Tahoe Community Coll, S Lake Tahoe, CA 95150 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos, Mexico. US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. Chalmers, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Gothenburg Univ, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20809 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022711 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300070 ER PT J AU Arbo, DG Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J AF Arbo, DG Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J TI Classical and quantum scaling for localization of half-cycle pulse-driven Rydberg wave packets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-ATOM; WAVEPACKETS; DYNAMICS; FIELD AB Rydberg wave packets generated by a single half-cycle pulse (HCP) interacting with a stationary Rydberg state periodically localize within a narrow region in both momentum and coordinate space (i.e., phase space). This property is the key to shaping and manipulating wave packets. We investigate the dependence of this transient localization and focusing on the principal quantum number n and on the strength of the ultrashort HCP ("kick strength," Deltap). It is shown that the localization in momentum space of the wave packet, quantified by the momentum width, obeys a universal scaling rule which is controlled by an effective Planck constant h(eff). Maximum focusing is reached in the classical limit (h(eff)-->0). C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 023409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.023409 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300090 ER PT J AU Cohen, JS AF Cohen, JS TI Capture of antiprotons by some radioactive atoms and ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE HAMILTONIAN-STRUCTURE; NEGATIVE MUONS; SLOWING-DOWN; HYDROGEN; H-2; POLARIZABILITIES; ENERGIES; GAS AB Cross sections for antiproton capture are calculated using the fermion molecular dynamics method for ions of current interest in experiments determining nuclear structure of the radioactive nuclei He-8, Li-11, Be-11, and Mg-21. The cross sections for the corresponding neutral atoms are also calculated. It is found that, except for helium, the cross sections for the ion and neutral atom at usual capture energies are similar, i.e., neither the enhanced trajectory curvature nor the absence of the most weakly bound electron have great effect. The behavior of the cross sections is also analyzed at very low collision energies, where the ion cross sections go as 1/E and the neutral cross sections as 1/rootE. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cohen@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022501 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300051 ER PT J AU Dziarmaga, J Dalvit, DAR Zurek, WH AF Dziarmaga, J Dalvit, DAR Zurek, WH TI Conditional quantum dynamics with several observers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STATE REDUCTION; DECOHERENCE; EINSELECTION; FEEDBACK; EQUATIONS; TIME AB We consider several observers who monitor different parts of the environment of a single quantum system and use their data to deduce its state. We derive a set of conditional stochastic master equations that describe the evolution of the density matrices each observer ascribes to the system under the Markov approximation, and show that this problem can be reduced to the case of a single "superobserver," who has access to all the acquired data. The key problem-consistency of the sets of data acquired by different observers-is then reduced to the probability that a given combination of data sets will be ever detected by the superobserver. The resulting conditional master equations are applied to several physical examples: homodyne detection of phonons in quantum Brownian motion, photodetection and homodyne detection of resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom. We introduce relative purity to quantify the correlations between the information about the system gathered by different observers from their measurements of the environment. We find that observers gain the most information about the state of the system and they agree the most about it when they measure the environment observables with eigenstates most closely correlated with the optimally predictable pointer basis of the system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Fiz, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022109 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300018 ER PT J AU Milonni, PW Boyd, RW AF Milonni, PW Boyd, RW TI Influence of radiative damping on the optical-frequency susceptibility SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB Motivated by recent discussions concerning the manner in which damping appears in the electric polarizability, we show that (a) there is a dependence of the nonresonant contribution on the damping and that (b) the damping enters according to the "opposite sign prescription." We also discuss the related question of how the damping rates in the polarizability are related to energy-level decay rates. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div TDOT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div TDOT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 023814 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.023814 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300125 ER PT J AU Nguyen, AT Budker, D Lamoreaux, SK Torgerson, JR AF Nguyen, AT Budker, D Lamoreaux, SK Torgerson, JR TI Towards a sensitive search for variation of the fine-structure constant using radio-frequency E1 transitions in atomic dysprosium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SPACE-TIME VARIATION; FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; EVOLUTION; SHIFTS AB It has been proposed that the radio-frequency electric-dipole (E1) transition between two nearly degenerate opposite-parity states in atomic dysprosium should be highly sensitive to possible temporal variation of the fine-structure constant (alpha) [V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, and J. K. Webb, Phys. Rev. A 59, 230 (1999)]. We analyze here an experimental realization of the proposed search in progress in our laboratory, which involves monitoring the E1 transition frequency over a period of time using direct frequency counting techniques. We estimate that a statistical sensitivity of \(alpha) over dot/alpha\similar to10(-18)/yr may be achieved and discuss possible systematic effects that may limit such a measurement. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM atn@socrates.berkeley.edu; budker@socrates.berkeley.edu; lamore@lanl.gov; torgerson@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022105 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300014 ER PT J AU Sapirstein, J Pachucki, K Cheng, KT AF Sapirstein, J Pachucki, K Cheng, KT TI Radiative corrections to one-photon decays of hydrogenic ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SELF-ENERGY; PARITY NONCONSERVATION; ATOMS; ORTHOPOSITRONIUM; RATES; POTENTIALS; CESIUM; STATE AB Radiative corrections to the decay rate of n=2 states of hydrogenic ions are calculated. The transitions considered are the M1 decay of the 2s state to the ground state and the E1(M2) decays of the 2p(1/2) and 2p(3/2) states to the ground state. The radiative corrections start in order alpha(Zalpha)(2), but the method used sums all orders of Zalpha. The leading alpha(Zalpha)(2) correction for the E1 decays is calculated and compared with the exact result. The extension of the calculational method to parity nonconserving transitions in neutral atoms is discussed. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jsapirst@nd.edu; krp@fuw.edu.pl; ktcheng@llnl.gov NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022113 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300022 ER PT J AU Toleikis, S Manil, B Berdermann, E Beyer, HF Bosch, F Czanta, M Dunford, RW Gumberidze, A Indelicato, P Kozhuharov, C Liesen, D Ma, X Marrus, R Mokler, PH Schneider, D Simionovici, A Stachura, Z Stohlker, T Warczak, A Zou, Y AF Toleikis, S Manil, B Berdermann, E Beyer, HF Bosch, F Czanta, M Dunford, RW Gumberidze, A Indelicato, P Kozhuharov, C Liesen, D Ma, X Marrus, R Mokler, PH Schneider, D Simionovici, A Stachura, Z Stohlker, T Warczak, A Zou, Y TI Lifetime of the 2(3)P(0) state of He-like Au-197 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; FINE-STRUCTURE; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; CVD-DIAMOND; RESONANCE; ELECTRON; LEVEL AB An experiment has been performed at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung accelerator facility using a beam-foil time-of-flight technique with a newly developed chemical vapor deposition diamond particle detector to measure the lifetime of the 2 P-3(0) state, tau(2 P-3(0)), of the two-electron ion Au-197(77+) (He-like gold) with the result tau(2 P-3(0))=22.16(0.81) ps. The mechanism for the decay of this state is by a hyperfine-induced radiative transition to the 1 S-1(0) ground state (hyperfine quenching). The lifetime is therefore determined by a number of fundamental atomic and nuclear parameters not normally involved in radiative decay of allowed transitions. The experimental result is compared to several theoretical calculations. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch GSI, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. GANIL, CIRIL, F-14070 Caen 5, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ecole Normale Super, F-75252 Paris 5, France. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris 5, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Gesell Schwerionenforsch GSI, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. EM s.toleikis@gsi.de RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011 OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 022507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.022507 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 780MZ UT WOS:000189386300057 ER PT J AU Awadalla, SA Hunt, AW Lynn, KG Glass, H Szeles, C Wei, SH AF Awadalla, SA Hunt, AW Lynn, KG Glass, H Szeles, C Wei, SH TI Isoelectronic oxygen-related defect in CdTe crystals investigated using thermoelectric effect spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID A-CENTER; IDENTIFICATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; RESONANCE; VACANCY AB An oxygen-related defect was studied in nominally undoped CdTe crystals grown by the high pressure Bridgman technique using thermo-electrical effect spectroscopy and first-principles band structure calculations. Based on the linear relationship between the oxygen concentration and the emitted charge from the defect level with an ionization energy E=0.184+/-0.011 eV and a capture cross section sigma=(7+/-4)x10(-17) cm(2) we show that the defect is an oxygen complex. Using thermal annealing experiments we show that the defect complex contains cadmium vacancies. Using first-principles band structure calculations we assign the defect level to the second ionization level of the isoelectronic oxygen-cadmium vacancy pair (O-Te-V-Cd)(-/2-). C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EV PRODUCTS, Saxonburg, PA 16056 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Awadalla, SA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 AR 075210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.075210 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800VH UT WOS:000220055300054 ER PT J AU Blankenbecler, R AF Blankenbecler, R TI Three-dimensional image reconstruction. II. Hamiltonian method for phase recovery SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PROJECTIONS; RETRIEVAL; LINE AB The problem of reconstructing a positive semidefinite three-dimensional (3D) image from the measurement of the magnitude of its 2D Fourier transform at a series of orientations is explored. The phase of the Fourier transform is not measured. The algorithm developed here utilizes a Hamiltonian, or cost function, that at its minimum provides the solution to the stated problem. The energy function includes both data and physical constraints on the charge distribution or image. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Blankenbecler, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rzbth@slac.stanford.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064108 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100014 ER PT J AU Blankenbecler, R AF Blankenbecler, R TI Three-dimensional image reconstruction. I. Determination of pattern orientation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LINE AB The problem of determining the Euler angles of a randomly oriented three-dimensional (3D) object from its 2D Fraunhofer diffraction patterns is discussed. This problem arises in the reconstruction of a positive semidefinite 3D object using oversampling techniques. In such a problem, the data consist of a measured set of magnitudes from 2D tomographic images of the object at several unknown orientations. After the orientation angles are determined, the object itself can then be reconstructed by a variety of methods using oversampling, the magnitude data from the 2D images, physical constraints on the image, and then iteration to determine the phases. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Blankenbecler, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rzbth@slac.stanford.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064107 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100013 ER PT J AU Burley, JC Mitchell, JF Short, S AF Burley, JC Mitchell, JF Short, S TI Competing electronic ground states in La1-xCaxCoO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-STATE; LA1-XSRXCOO3; TRANSITION; LACOO3; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; PEROVSKITES; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; ORDER AB We present the results of a neutron powder-diffraction study on La1-xCaxCoO3. We show that, contrary to previous reports, a first-order structural transition R (3) over barc-->Pnma occurs as a function of both x and T. Spin-state transitions occur as a function of x, T as indicated by the changes in cell volume, with evidence of a macroscopically inhomogeneous spin-state mixture at x=0.1. The magnetic behavior generally parallels that of La1-xSrxCoO3, with evidence for both spin-glass behavior and ferromagnetism. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054401 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700035 ER PT J AU Chen, YR Perebeinos, V Allen, PB AF Chen, YR Perebeinos, V Allen, PB TI Density-functional study of the cubic-to-rhombohedral transition in alpha-AlF3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM TRIFLUORIDE; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTORS; DIFFRACTION; ENERGIES; PHASES; STATE AB Under heating, alpha-AlF3 undergoes a structural phase transition from rhombohedral to cubic at temperature T around 730 K. The density-functional method is used to examine the T=0 energy surface in the structural parameter space, and finds the minimum in good agreement with the observed rhombohedral structure. The energy surface and electronic wave functions at the minimum are then used to calculate properties including density of states, Gamma-point phonon modes, and the dielectric function. The dipole formed at each fluorine ion in the low-temperature phase is also calculated, and is used in a classical electrostatic picture to examine possible antiferroelectric aspects of this phase transition. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Mat Res Sci & Engn Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Chen, YR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054109 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700025 ER PT J AU Choi, HJ Roundy, D Sun, H Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Choi, HJ Roundy, D Sun, H Cohen, ML Louie, SG TI Reply to "Comment on 'First-principles calculation of the superconducting transition in MgB2 within the anisotropic Eliashberg formalism' " SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material ID PSEUDOPOTENTIAL MU-ASTERISK AB The preceding comment by Mazin on our work makes two claims: (1) the calculated variations of the superconducting energy gap within the sigma or the pi bands are not observable in real samples due to scatterings, and (2) the Coulomb repulsion mu(k,k(')) is negligibly small between sigma and pi states and thus should be approximated by a diagonal 2x2 matrix in the sigma and pi channels. Here, we point out that the former does not affect the validity of our theoretical work, which is for the clean limit, and that the latter is based on an oversimplified estimation of mu. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Choi, HJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Choi, Hyoung Joon/N-8933-2015 OI Choi, Hyoung Joon/0000-0001-8565-8597 NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 056502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.056502 PG 1 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700084 ER PT J AU Choi, J Musfeldt, JL He, J Jin, R Thompson, JR Mandrus, D Lin, XN Bondarenko, VA Brill, JW AF Choi, J Musfeldt, JL He, J Jin, R Thompson, JR Mandrus, D Lin, XN Bondarenko, VA Brill, JW TI Probing localization effects in Li0.9Mo6O17 purple bronze: An optical-properties investigation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; SPIN-PEIERLS TRANSITION; PHOTOEMISSION LINE-SHAPES; LUTTINGER-LIQUID; X-RAY; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLYBDENUM BRONZE; METAL LI0.9MO6O17 AB We report the polarized reflectance and optical conductivity of the quasi-one-dimensional conductor Li0.9Mo6O17 as a function of temperature. The compound displays an unusual (non-Drude-type) mobile carrier response at low-energy, with partially screened vibrational features along the highly conducting b axis. In addition, we observe Mo d-->d transitions near 0.42, 0.57, and 1.3 eV, and an O p-->Mo d charge-transfer band near 4 eV. Perpendicular to the b axis, Li0.9Mo6O17 exhibits semiconducting behavior with an optical gap of 0.4 eV and electronic structure similar to that of the b axis at higher energies. The substantial temperature dependence of the vibrational modes in this direction reveals that the lattice of Li0.9Mo6O17 is not rigid. However, no noticeable change in the lattice through the 25 K metal-insulator transition is observed. Comparing x-ray and infrared data for several model materials, we establish an upper bound on the size of any lattice distortion in Li0.9Mo6O17. Based upon these combined results, we argue that localization effects dominate the bulk and microscopic properties of this material. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Choi, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Bondarenko, Volodymyr/J-5685-2015 NR 66 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 085120 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.085120 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100037 ER PT J AU Coldea, AI Bangura, AF Singleton, J Ardavan, A Akutsu-Sato, A Akutsu, H Turner, SS Day, P AF Coldea, AI Bangura, AF Singleton, J Ardavan, A Akutsu-Sato, A Akutsu, H Turner, SS Day, P TI Fermi-surface topology and the effects of intrinsic disorder in a class of charge-transfer salts containing magnetic ions: beta ''-(BEDT-TTF)(4)[(H3O)M(C2O4)(3)]Y (M=Ga,Cr,Fe; Y=C5H5N) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; BEDT-TTF COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC CONDUCTOR; INDUCED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; MOLECULAR-METALS; X= BR; FIELDS; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB We report high-field magnetotransport measurements on beta(')-(BEDT-TTF)(4)[(H3O)M(C2O4)(3)]Y, where M=Ga, Cr, and Fe and Y=C5H5N. We observe similar Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in all compounds, attributable to four quasi-two-dimensional Fermi-surface pockets, the largest of which corresponds to a cross-sectional area approximate to8.5% of the Brillouin zone. The cross-sectional areas of the pockets are in agreement with the expectations for a compensated semimetal, and the corresponding effective masses are similar tom(e), rather small compared to those of other BEDT-TTF salts. Apart from the case of the smallest Fermi-surface pocket, varying the M ion seems to have little effect on the overall Fermi-surface topology or on the effective masses. Despite the fact that all samples show quantum oscillations at low temperatures, indicative of Fermi liquid behavior, the sample and temperature dependence of the interlayer resistivity suggest that these systems are intrinsically inhomogeneous. It is thought that intrinsic tendency to disorder in the anions and/or the ethylene groups of the BEDT-TTF molecules leads to the coexistence of insulating and metallic states at low temperatures. A notional phase diagram is given for the general family of beta(')-(BEDT-TTF)(4)[(H3O)M(C2O4)(3)]Y salts. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UCL Royal Inst Great Britain, Davy Faraday Res Lab, London W1S 4BS, England. RP Coldea, AI (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RI Coldea, Amalia/C-1106-2013 NR 66 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 085112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.085112 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100029 ER PT J AU Crowhurst, JC Zaug, JM AF Crowhurst, JC Zaug, JM TI Surface acoustic waves in germanium single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SCATTERING AB Impulsive stimulated light scattering has been used to measure surface wave power spectra of germanium single crystals. In addition to the familiar Rayleigh and pseudosurface acoustic waves, the spectra contain a feature with the directional dependence of the quasilongitudinal bulk wave. Comparisons are presented between measured and calculated spectra. The observed power spectra are found to contain sufficient information to determine all the elements of the elastic tensor. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 95441 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 95441 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 052301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.052301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700004 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Corrales, LR Weber, WJ Chartier, A Meis, C AF Devanathan, R Corrales, LR Weber, WJ Chartier, A Meis, C TI Molecular dynamics simulation of disordered zircon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TO-AMORPHOUS TRANSITION; RADIATION-DAMAGE; METAMICT ZIRCON; SELF-DIFFUSION; PHASE; URANIUM; RECRYSTALLIZATION; AMORPHIZATION; PLUTONIUM; SILICATE AB The melting of zircon and the amorphous state produced by quenching from the melt were simulated by molecular dynamics using a partial charge model combined with the Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark potential. The model has been established for the description of the crystalline and aperiodic structures of zircon in order to be used for the simulation of displacement cascades. It provides an excellent fit to the structure, and accounts with convenient precision for the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of zircon. The calculated melting temperature is about 2100 K. The activation energy for self-diffusion of ions in the liquid state was determined to be 190-200 kJ/mole. Melt quenching was employed to produce two different disordered states with distinct densities and structures. In the high density disordered state, the zircon structure is intact but the bond angle distributions are broader, 4% of the Si units are polymerized, and the volume swelling is about 8%. In the low density amorphous state, the Zr and Si coordination numbers are lower, and the Zr-O and Si-O bond lengths are shorter than corresponding values for the crystal. In addition, a highly polymerized Si network, with an average connectivity of 2, is observed in the low density amorphous state. These features have all been experimentally observed in natural metamict zircon. The present findings, when considered in light of experimental radiation effects studies, suggest that the swelling in zircon arises initially from disorder in the zircon crystal, and at high doses the disordered crystal is unable to accommodate the volume expansion and transforms to the amorphous state. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CEA Saclay, INSTN, UEPEM, F-911191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064115 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100021 ER PT J AU Eisaki, H Kaneko, N Feng, DL Damascelli, A Mang, PK Shen, KM Shen, ZX Greven, M AF Eisaki, H Kaneko, N Feng, DL Damascelli, A Mang, PK Shen, KM Shen, ZX Greven, M TI Effect of chemical inhomogeneity in bismuth-based copper oxide superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH OXYGEN-PRESSURE; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; CARRIER CONCENTRATION; PENETRATION DEPTH; DOPED LA2CUO4; LAYER CUPRATE AB We examine the effect on the superconducting transition temperature (T-c) of chemical inhomogeneities in Bi2Sr2CuO6+delta and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals. Cation disorder at the Sr crystallographic site is inherent in these materials and strongly affects the value of T-c. Partial substitution of Sr by Ln (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Bi) in Bi(2)Sr(1.6)Ln(0.4)CuO(6+delta) results in a monotonic decrease of T-c with increasing ionic radius mismatch. By minimizing Sr site disorder at the expense of Ca site disorder, we demonstrate that the T-c of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta can be increased to 96 K. Based on these results we discuss the effects of chemical inhomogeneity in other bulk high-temperature superconductors. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Eisaki, H (reprint author), AIST, Nanoelect Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RI Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 85 TC 297 Z9 302 U1 11 U2 49 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064512 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100073 ER PT J AU Ferralis, N Diehl, RD Pussi, K Lindroos, M Fisher, I Jenks, CJ AF Ferralis, N Diehl, RD Pussi, K Lindroos, M Fisher, I Jenks, CJ TI Low-energy electron diffraction study of Xe adsorption on the ten-fold decagonal Al-Ni-Co quasicrystal surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; FILM; LEED AB The adsorption of Xe onto the tenfold surface of decagonal Al-Ni-Co was studied using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). LEED isobar measurements indicate that Xe grows in a layer-by-layer mode for at least the first two layers in the temperature range 60-80 K. The half-monolayer isosteric heat of adsorption was measured to be 250+/-10 meV. No superlattice was observed for the first layer of Xe, which is therefore presumed either to have a quasicrystalline structure or to be disordered. Upon adsorption of the second layer, an ordered Xe bilayer forms, which has a structure consistent with domains of bilayer Xe(111) aligned along substrate symmetry directions. At higher Xe coverages (several Xe layers), the LEED pattern becomes more distinct and remains consistent with that from a Xe(111) surface. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Phys, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ferralis, N (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 AR 075410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.075410 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800VH UT WOS:000220055300090 ER PT J AU Galperin, YM Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM AF Galperin, YM Kozub, VI Vinokur, VM TI Dephasing rate in metals versus diffusion constant SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONS AB We discuss correlation between the dephasing time for weak localization in three-dimensional (3D) metals and their conductance. Such correlation was reported for 3D In2O3-x films [Z. Ovadyahu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52 569 (1984)] and recently in several 3D alloys [J.J. Lin and L.Y. Kao, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13, L119 (2001)]. We show that the observed correlation can be explained by the model based on tunneling states of dynamic structural defects. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Galperin, YM (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, POB 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RI Galperin, Yuri/A-1851-2008; Kozub, Veniamin/E-4017-2014 OI Galperin, Yuri/0000-0001-7281-9902; NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 AR 073102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.073102 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800VH UT WOS:000220055300002 ER PT J AU Goodrich, RG Young, DP Hall, D Balicas, L Fisk, Z Harrison, N Betts, J Migliori, A Woodward, FM Lynn, JW AF Goodrich, RG Young, DP Hall, D Balicas, L Fisk, Z Harrison, N Betts, J Migliori, A Woodward, FM Lynn, JW TI Extension of the temperature-magnetic field phase diagram of CeB6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLAR; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; TRANSITION; NMR AB We have measured the magnetic field dependence of the paramagnetic to the field-induced high-temperature antiferroquadrupolar magnetically ordered phase transition in CeB6 from 0 to 60 T using a variety of techniques. It is found that the field-dependent phase separation line becomes reentrant above 35 T and below 10 K. Measurements of resonant ultrasound, specific heat, and neutron diffraction on samples from the same growth batch show all of the known phase transitions plus a new phase appearing at T=1.6 K in zero magnetic field. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054415 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700049 ER PT J AU Greeff, CW Graf, MJ AF Greeff, CW Graf, MJ TI Lattice dynamics and the high-pressure equation of state of Au SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EARTHS MANTLE; GOLD; CALIBRATION; TRANSITION; GPA; ELECTRON; PLATINUM; SYSTEMS; LIQUIDS; SOLIDS AB Elastic constants and zone-boundary phonon frequencies of gold are calculated by total energy electronic structure methods to twofold compression. A generalized force constant model is used to interpolate throughout the Brillouin zone and evaluate moments of the phonon distribution. The moments are used to calculate the volume dependence of the Gruneisen parameter in the fcc solid. Using these results with ultrasonic and shock data, we formulate the complete free energy for solid Au. This free energy is given as a set of closed-form expressions, which are valid to compressions of at least V/V-0=0.65 and temperatures up to melting. Beyond this density, the Hugoniot enters the solid-liquid mixed phase region. Effects of shock melting on the Hugoniot are discussed within an approximate model. We compare with proposed standards for the equation of state to pressures of similar to200 GPa. Our result for the room-temperature isotherm is in very good agreement with an earlier standard of Heinz and Jeanloz. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Greeff, CW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Greeff, Carl/N-3267-2013 NR 47 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054107 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700023 ER PT J AU Haataja, M Leonard, F AF Haataja, M Leonard, F TI Influence of mobile dislocations on phase separation in binary alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CU-NI-SN; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; MODEL AB We introduce a continuum model to describe the phase separation of a binary alloy in the presence of mobile dislocations. The kinetics of the local composition and dislocation density are coupled through their elastic fields. We show both analytically and numerically that mobile dislocations modify the standard spinodal decomposition process, and lead to several regimes of growth. Depending on the dislocation mobility and observation time, the phase separation may be accelerated, decelerated, or unaffected by mobile dislocations. For any finite dislocation mobility, we show that the domain growth rate asymptotically becomes independent of the dislocation mobility, and is faster than the dislocation-free growth rate. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Haataja, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 081201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.081201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100002 ER PT J AU Huang, M Feng, YP Lim, ATL Zheng, JC AF Huang, M Feng, YP Lim, ATL Zheng, JC TI Structural and electronic properties of Si3P4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALLOY THIN-FILMS; THERMAL-STABILITY; CARBON NITRIDE; SOLIDS; PHASE; BETA-C3N4; SI; CRYSTALLIZATION; BETA-GE3N4; BETA-SI3N4 AB Structural and electronic properties of Si3P4 were investigated using first-principles total-energy method based on density-functional theory and the local-density approximation (LDA). It was found that pseudocubic-Si3P4 is energetically favored relative to other phases of Si3P4 considered in this study. All phases of Si3P4 have low bulk moduli, with the gamma phase being the hardest (110 GPa). Furthermore, band-structure and density-of-states calculations reveal that alpha, beta(1), pseudocubic, and graphitic phases of Si3P4 are semiconducting while beta(2), cubic, and gamma phases are metallic within LDA. Correction of LDA energy band gap by a more accurate method will likely result in Si3P4 being a narrow gap semiconductor. The structural and electronic properties of Si3P4 are compared with those of similar compounds, i.e., C3N4, Si3N4, Ge3N4, and C3P4. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, 2 Sci Dr 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore. EM phyfyp@nus.edu.sg RI Zheng, JC/G-3383-2010; Feng, Yuan Ping /A-4507-2012 OI Zheng, JC/0000-0002-6292-3236; Feng, Yuan Ping /0000-0003-2190-2284 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054112 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700028 ER PT J AU Iota, V Park, JH Yoo, CS AF Iota, V Park, JH Yoo, CS TI Phase diagram of nitrous oxide: Analogy with carbon dioxide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES; N2O; GPA AB We present the phase diagram for nitrous oxide (N2O) derived from in situ high pressure and temperature Raman and x-ray diffraction studies. Two new phases (II and IV) are discovered above 600 K between 18 and 50 GPa; both are quenchable to ambient temperature. The crystal structures and stability fields of N2O phases are similar to those of CO2 below 50 GPa and 800 K. However, we found subtle differences in their physical properties and crystal structures, indicating an increased disparity (or ionicity) between N-N and N-O bonds in bent N2O-IV (Pbcn). The present results thus explain the divergence observed at higher pressures and temperatures; N2O disproportionates into ionic NO+NO3- and N-2, whereas CO2 polymerizes into an extended covalent solid. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Iota, V (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064106 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100012 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ Velthuis, SGET Hoffmann, A O'Donovan, KV Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Lim, WL Furdyna, JK AF Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ Velthuis, SGET Hoffmann, A O'Donovan, KV Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Lim, WL Furdyna, JK TI Annealing-dependent magnetic depth profile in Ga1-xMnxAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTOR; TEMPERATURE; (GA,MN)AS; MN)AS; GAAS; (GA AB We have studied the depth-dependent magnetic and structural properties of as-grown and optimally annealed Ga1-xMnxAs films using polarized neutron reflectometry. In addition to increasing the total magnetization, the annealing process was observed to produce a significantly more homogeneous distribution of the magnetization. This difference in the films is attributed to the redistribution of Mn at interstitial sites during the annealing process. Also, we have seen evidence of significant magnetization depletion at the surface of both as-grown and annealed films. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02688 Warsaw, Poland. RP Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384; NR 24 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 081307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.081307 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100009 ER PT J AU Kogan, VG Clem, JR Mints, RG AF Kogan, VG Clem, JR Mints, RG TI Properties of mesoscopic superconducting thin-film rings: London approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VORTEX; DISORDER; STATES; ARRAYS; DISKS AB Superconducting thin-film rings smaller than the film penetration depth (the Pearl length) are considered. The current distribution, magnetic moment, and thermodynamic potential F(H,N,v) for a flat, washer-shaped annular ring in a uniform applied field H perpendicular to the film are solved analytically within the London approach for a state with winding number N and a vortex at radius v between the inner and outer radii. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Kogan, VG (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Mints, Roman/A-5091-2008 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064516 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100077 ER PT J AU Mikhailovsky, AA Petruska, MA Li, KR Stockman, MI Klimov, VI AF Mikhailovsky, AA Petruska, MA Li, KR Stockman, MI Klimov, VI TI Phase-sensitive spectroscopy of surface plasmons in individual metal nanostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; NANOPARTICLES; ABSORPTION; CLUSTERS; PARTICLES; MOLECULES; CONTRAST AB We analyze both theoretically and experimentally the response of individual gold nanoparticles and nanoparticle dimers to a near-field excitation with broad-band radiation (a femtosecond white-light continuum) delivered through a subwavelength aperture. Because of the coherent superposition of the field emitted by the aperture and the secondary field reemitted by the nanostructure, the signals detected in the far zone exhibit a pronounced dependence on the phase of plasmon oscillations excited in the nanostructure. This phase sensitivity allows us to accurately determine positions of plasmon resonances not distorted by dielectric losses in a metal. In the near-field extinction spectra of individual nanoparticles, the plasmon resonance is observed as the "zero-extinction" point in which the transition from constructive (lower spectral energies) to destructive (higher spectral energies) interference occurs. By using spatially selective near-field excitation with a femtosecond white-light continuum, we are able to detect slight asymmetries in dimers composed of nominally identical nanoparticles. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CPCS, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Mikhailovsky, AA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CPCS, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mstockman@gsu.edu; klimov@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 085401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.085401 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100078 ER PT J AU Paravastu, AK Hayes, SE Schwickert, BE Dinh, LN Balooch, M Reimer, JA AF Paravastu, AK Hayes, SE Schwickert, BE Dinh, LN Balooch, M Reimer, JA TI Optical polarization of nuclear spins in GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PURITY GAAS; SEMIINSULATING UNDOPED GAAS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; QUANTUM-WELLS; PUMPED NMR; FIELD NMR; RELAXATION; DEPENDENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The photon energy, irradiation time, and sample temperature dependences of laser-enhanced NMR spectra from semi-insulating GaAs at 9.4 T were measured. These data were used to test the existing model for the mechanism of optical nuclear polarization-namely, optical excitation of shallow donor states and subsequent spin diffusion of polarization throughout the bulk. Features of the present results, such as their uniqueness to semi-insulating GaAs and pumping data obtained via laser irradiation above the band gap, are inconsistent with this model. An additional model is proposed that includes localized paramagnetic centers as storage sites for electron spin polarization, but relies upon delocalized electron states to accomplish the bulk nuclear spin polarizations. The delocalized states could be free excitons. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Paravastu, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hayes, Sophia/C-1075-2008 OI Hayes, Sophia/0000-0002-2809-6193 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 AR 075203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.075203 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800VH UT WOS:000220055300047 ER PT J AU Park, T Salamon, MB Choi, EM Kim, HJ Lee, SI AF Park, T Salamon, MB Choi, EM Kim, HJ Lee, SI TI Specific heat study of the magnetic superconductor HoNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL HONI2B2C; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ORDER; FIELD; EARTH; BOROCARBIDES; DEPENDENCE; LUNI2B2C; YNI2B2C; STATE AB The complex magnetic transitions and superconductivity of HoNi2B2C were studied via the dependence of the heat capacity on temperature and in-plane field angle. We provide an extended, comprehensive magnetic phase diagram for Bparallel to[100] and Bparallel to[110] based on the thermodynamic measurements. Three magnetic transitions and the superconducting transition were clearly observed. The 5.2 K transition (T-N) shows a hysteresis with temperature, indicating the first-order nature of the transition at B=0 T. The 6 K transition T-M, namely the onset of the long-range ordering, displays a dramatic in-plane anisotropy: T-M increases with increasing magnetic field for Bparallel to[100] while it decreases with increasing field for Bparallel to[110]. The anomalous anisotropy in T-M indicates that the transition is related to the a-axis spiral structure. The 5.5 K transition T-* shows similar behavior to the 5.2 K transition, i.e., a small in-plane anisotropy and scaling with Ising model. This last transition is ascribed to the change from a(*) dominant phase to c(*) dominant phase. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Superconduct, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Park, Tuson/A-1520-2012 NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054505 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700075 ER PT J AU Pepin, C Norman, MR AF Pepin, C Norman, MR TI Pseudogaps in nested antiferromagnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE; FERROMAGNETIC METALS; PHASE-TRANSITION; FLUCTUATIONS; CHROMIUM; ALLOYS; HEAVY; ELECTRON; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB We analyze the fluctuation corrections to magnetic ordering in the case of a three-dimensional antiferromagnet with flat Fermi surfaces, as physically realized in the case of chromium, and find that they are insufficient to produce a quantum critical point. This implies that the critical point observed in vandium doped chromium is due to a loss of nesting. We also derive the fermion self-energy in the paramagnetic phase and find that a pseudogap exists, though its magnitude is significantly reduced as compared to the spectral gap in the ordered state in the limit where the latter is small in comparison to the Fermi energy. C1 CEA Saclay, Orme Merisiers, SPhT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pepin, C (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Orme Merisiers, SPhT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 060402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.060402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100002 ER PT J AU Petkov, V Zavalij, PY Lutta, S Whittingham, MS Parvanov, V Shastri, S AF Petkov, V Zavalij, PY Lutta, S Whittingham, MS Parvanov, V Shastri, S TI Structure beyond Bragg: Study of V2O5 nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VANADIUM-OXIDE NANOTUBES; PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; THIN-FILMS; REFINEMENT; PROGRAM AB The structure of V2O5 nanotubes has been experimentally determined. The approach of the atomic pair distribution function technique was employed because of the limited structural coherence in this nanophase material. It has been found that even a nanocrystal with the complex morphology of vanadium pentoxide nanotubes possesses an atomic arrangement very well defined on the nanometer length scale and well described in terms of a unit cell and symmetry. Using refined structural parameters a real-size model for the nanotubes has been constructed and used to explain their peculiar morphology. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petkov, V (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM petkov@phy.cmich.edu RI Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012 OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469 NR 26 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 085410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.085410 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100087 ER PT J AU Ryan, P Winarski, RP Keavney, DJ Freeland, JW Rosenberg, RA Park, S Falco, CM AF Ryan, P Winarski, RP Keavney, DJ Freeland, JW Rosenberg, RA Park, S Falco, CM TI Enhanced magnetic orbital moment of ultrathin Co films on Ge(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; BCC CO; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FE FILMS; ANISOTROPY; COBALT; BEHAVIOR AB Electronic and magnetic studies of Co films grown on Ge(100) are presented using two sample systems; incremental in situ Co depositions and a pre-made Co wedge structure. Both a magnetically inactive region and a corresponding Co-Ge intermixed region form at the interface of both systems. The Co grows in a uniform manner beyond this Co-Ge region with similar to2 A perpendicular roughness. At low coverage of the in situ grown system, the Co exhibited an enhanced orbit to spin moment ratio, while, at higher Co coverages, we measured a total magnetic moment of 1.53 mu(B) in agreement with previously published results of bcc Co grown on GaAs. The Co wedge indicated a constant but larger orbit-spin ratio along the wedge possibly due to the presence of an overlayer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Ryan, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054416 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700050 ER PT J AU Schofield, SR Curson, NJ O'Brien, JL Simmons, MY Clark, RG Marks, NA Wilson, HF Brown, GW Hawley, ME AF Schofield, SR Curson, NJ O'Brien, JL Simmons, MY Clark, RG Marks, NA Wilson, HF Brown, GW Hawley, ME TI Split-off dimer defects on the Si(001)2x1 surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SI(100) SURFACE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; VACANCIES; SILICON; STEPS; ROOM AB Dimer vacancy (DV) defect complexes in the Si(001)2x1 surface are investigated using high-resolution scanning-tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations. We find that under low-bias filled-state tunneling conditions, isolated "split-off" dimers in these defect complexes are imaged as pairs of protrusions, while the surrounding Si surface dimers appear as the usual "bean-shaped" protrusions. We attribute this to the formation of pi-bonds between the two atoms of the split-off dimer and second-layer atoms, and present charge density plots to support this assignment. We observe a local brightness enhancement due to strain for different DV complexes and provide the first experimental confirmation of an earlier prediction that the 1+2-DV induces less surface strain than other DV complexes. Finally, we present a previously unreported triangular shaped split-off dimer defect complex that exists at S-B-type step edges, and propose a structure for this defect involving a bound Si monomer. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schofield, SR (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM steven@phys.unsw.edu.au RI Wilson, Hugh/B-3447-2009; O'Brien, Jeremy/A-6290-2008; Marks, Nigel/F-6084-2010; Simmons, Michelle/B-2755-2010 OI Marks, Nigel/0000-0003-2372-1284; Simmons, Michelle/0000-0002-6422-5888 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 085312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.085312 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100062 ER PT J AU Shen, KM Yoshida, T Lu, DH Ronning, F Armitage, NP Lee, WS Zhou, XJ Damascelli, A Feng, DL Ingle, NJC Eisaki, H Kohsaka, Y Takagi, H Kakeshita, T Uchida, S Mang, PK Greven, M Onose, Y Taguchi, Y Tokura, Y Komiya, S Ando, Y Azuma, M Takano, M Fujimori, A Shen, ZX AF Shen, KM Yoshida, T Lu, DH Ronning, F Armitage, NP Lee, WS Zhou, XJ Damascelli, A Feng, DL Ingle, NJC Eisaki, H Kohsaka, Y Takagi, H Kakeshita, T Uchida, S Mang, PK Greven, M Onose, Y Taguchi, Y Tokura, Y Komiya, S Ando, Y Azuma, M Takano, M Fujimori, A Shen, ZX TI Fully gapped single-particle excitations in lightly doped cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; MODEL AB The low-energy excitations of the lightly doped cuprates were studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. A finite gap was measured over the entire Brillouin zone, including along the d(x)(2)-y(2) nodal line. This effect was observed to be generic to the normal states of numerous cuprates, including hole-doped La2-xSrxCuO4 and Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2 and electron-doped Nd2-xCexCuO4. In all compounds, the gap appears to close with increasing carrier doping. We consider various scenarios to explain our results, including the possible effects of chemical disorder, electronic inhomogeneity, and a competing phase. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; Azuma, Masaki/C-2945-2009; Onose, Yoshinori/F-1977-2010; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Taguchi, Yasujiro/A-3048-2010; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI Azuma, Masaki/0000-0002-8378-321X; Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355; damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054503 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700073 ER PT J AU Suderow, H Vieira, S Strand, JD Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC AF Suderow, H Vieira, S Strand, JD Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC TI Very-low-temperature tunneling spectroscopy in the heavy-fermion superconductor PrOs4Sb12 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NONMAGNETIC IMPURITIES; UPT3; MGB2 AB We present scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on the heavy-fermion superconductor PrOs4Sb12. Our results show that the superconducting gap opens over a large part of the Fermi surface. The deviations from isotropic BCS s-wave behavior are discussed in terms of a finite distribution of values of the superconducting gap. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, Dept Fis Mat Condensada,Lab Bajas Temp, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Suderow, H (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, Dept Fis Mat Condensada,Lab Bajas Temp, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Suderow, Hermann/L-6612-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; vieira, sebastian/L-5216-2014 OI Suderow, Hermann/0000-0002-5902-1880; vieira, sebastian/0000-0002-3854-1377 NR 28 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 060504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.060504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100006 ER PT J AU Tang, H Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, AO AF Tang, H Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, AO TI Interplay between reversible and irreversible magnetic phase transitions in polycrystalline Gd5Ge4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; GD-5(SI2GE2); FIELD; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB Temperature and magnetic field dependent magnetization and heat capacity of polycrystalline Gd5Ge4 have been measured. In addition to the antiferromagnetic ordering observed at the Neel temperature, T-N=128 K, there is a cusp at similar to17.5 K in the low-field zero-field cooled (zfc) M(T) curves, below which the zfc and field-cooled (fc) magnetic data exhibit irreversibility. The zfc and fc magnetization data show a complex mixture of reversible and irreversible behaviors at fields between similar to10 and similar to18 kOe, which is correlated to the magnetic field induced transitions between the antiferromagnetic (AFM) and the ferromagnetic (FM) states. The initial zfc M(H) data below a certain temperature exhibit two transitions: a discontinuous metamagnetic-like transition and a continuous magnetic moment rotation process. The anomalies in the isofield and isothermal magnetization data indicate a complex magnetic structure at low temperatures, e.g., a complex canted AFM structure. In addition, magnetic field or temperature induced AFM<---->FM transitions occur under certain conditions. The unusual magnetic behavior is discussed in terms of a possible complex magnetic structure at low temperatures and a martensitic-like structural change induced by the magnetic field. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tang, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM htang@ameslab.gov NR 26 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064410 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100038 ER PT J AU Tsui, F He, L Tkachuk, A Vogt, S Chu, YS AF Tsui, F He, L Tkachuk, A Vogt, S Chu, YS TI Evidence for strain compensation in stabilizing epitaxial growth of highly doped germanium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL LAYER THICKNESS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DISLOCATIONS; MULTILAYERS; DEFECTS; SURFACE; FILMS AB We report on a study of the epitaxial phase diagram of Co- and Mn-doped Ge(001) magnetic semiconductors. Complementary doping using dopants from different groups of elements can compensate for the effects of lattice strain caused by the doping species. Reducing lattice mismatch with the Ge host has been shown to be the key to stabilizing epitaxial growth and suppressing phase separation at higher doping levels. Applying this approach to other multidopant systems opens new prospects for tailoring highly doped electronic materials. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tsui, F (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ftsui@physics.unc.edu RI He, Liang/E-5935-2012; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 081304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.081304 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100006 ER PT J AU Tsvetkov, AA Mena, FP van Loosdrecht, PHM van der Marel, D Ren, Y Nugroho, AA Menovsky, AA Elfimov, IS Sawatzky, GA AF Tsvetkov, AA Mena, FP van Loosdrecht, PHM van der Marel, D Ren, Y Nugroho, AA Menovsky, AA Elfimov, IS Sawatzky, GA TI Structural, electronic, and magneto-optical properties of YVO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; BAND THEORY; ANISOTROPY; LAMNO3; TRANSITIONS; PEROVSKITES; INSULATORS; MODES; LAVO3; GAPS AB Optical and magneto-optical properties of YVO3 single crystal were studied in the far-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions. Two structural phase transitions at 75 K and 200 K were observed and established to be of first and second order, respectively. The lattice has an orthorhombic Pbnm symmetry both above 200 K as well as below 75 K and is found to be either dimerized monoclinic Pb11 or triclinic P (1) over bar in between. We identify YVO3 as a Mott-Hubbard insulator with an optical gap of 1.6 eV. The visible spectrum shows three d-band excitations at 1.8, 2.4, and 3.3 eV, followed by charge-transfer transitions at about 4 eV. The observed structure is in good agreement with LSDA+U band structure calculations. By using ligand field considerations, we assigned these bands to the transitions to the (4)A(2g), E-2(g)+T-2(1g), and T-2(2g) states. The strong temperature dependence of these bands is in agreement with the formation of orbital order. Despite the small net magnetic moment of 0.01mu(B) per vanadium, a Kerr effect of the order of 0.01degrees was observed for all three d bands in the magnetically ordered phase (T-Neel=116 K). A surprisingly strong enhancement of the Kerr effect was found below 75 K, reaching a maximum of 0.1degrees. This effect is ascribed to the nonvanishing net orbital magnetic moment. C1 Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Groningen, Solid State Chem Lab, MSC, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Tsvetkov, AA (reprint author), Univ Nijmegen, NSRIM Inst, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM tsvetkov@sci.kun.nl RI Nugroho, Agustinus Agung/E-5977-2010; Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012; van Loosdrecht, Paul/F-7670-2011; Mena, Fausto Patricio/H-8193-2013; van der Marel, Dirk/G-4618-2012 OI Nugroho, Agustinus Agung/0000-0002-1785-4008; Mena, Fausto Patricio/0000-0001-8616-0854; van der Marel, Dirk/0000-0001-5266-9847 NR 27 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 AR 075110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.075110 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800VH UT WOS:000220055300035 ER PT J AU Vishwanath, A Moore, JE Senthil, T AF Vishwanath, A Moore, JE Senthil, T TI Screening and dissipation at the superconductor-insulator transition induced by a metallic ground plane SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRITICAL PHENOMENA; 2 DIMENSIONS; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; COULOMB INTERACTION; HALL TRANSITIONS; SYSTEMS; ARRAY; FILMS; DEFECTS; MAGNETS AB We study localization phenomena in two dimensional systems of charged particles in the presence of a metallic ground plane with particular focus on the superconductor-insulator transition. The ground plane introduces a screening of the long-range Coulomb interaction, and provides a source of dissipation due to the gapless diffusive electrons. The interplay of these two effects leads to interesting physical phenomena which are analyzed in detail in this paper. We argue that the generic superconductor-insulator transition of charged particles in the presence of the ground plane may be controlled by a fixed line with variable critical exponents. This is illustrated by an explicit calculation in an appropriate epsilon expansion. In contrast, the universal properties of the superconductor-Mott insulator transition in the clean limit at commensurate densities are shown to be unmodified by either the metal or the long-range Coulomb interaction. A similar fixed line can arise in the presence of a metallic ground plane for quantum Hall plateau transitions. Implications for experiments on Josephson-junction arrays and quantum Hall systems are described. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vishwanath, A (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Moore, Joel/O-4959-2016 OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-4294-5761 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054507 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700077 ER PT J AU Wu, LJ Zhu, YM Vogt, T Su, HB Davenport, JW Tafto, J AF Wu, LJ Zhu, YM Vogt, T Su, HB Davenport, JW Tafto, J TI Valence-electron distribution in MgB2 by accurate diffraction measurements and first-principles calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; GRAPHITE AB We use synchrotron x-ray and precision electron-diffraction techniques to determine accurately the structure factors of reflections that are sensitive to the valence-electron distribution in the superconductor MgB2. These values deviate significantly from those calculated using the scattering factors of free (or neutral) atoms, but agree well with our calculated structure factors based on density-functional theory. Having experimentally established the reliability of our first-principles-based structure factors, we present electron-density maps of the redistribution of the valence electrons that takes place when hypothetical free atoms of Mg and B in MgB2 interact to form the real crystal. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhu@bnl.gov RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064501 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100062 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Shirane, G Copley, JRD Gehring, PM AF Xu, GY Shirane, G Copley, JRD Gehring, PM TI Neutron elastic diffuse scattering study of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RELAXOR; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; BEHAVIOR AB We have performed elastic diffuse neutron-scattering studies on the relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3. The measured intensity distribution near a (100) Bragg peak in the (hk0) scattering plane assumes the shape of a butterfly with extended intensity in the (110) and (1 (1) over bar0) directions. The temperature dependence of the diffuse scattering shows that both the size of the polar nanoregions and the integrated diffuse intensity increase with cooling even for temperatures below the Curie temperature T(C)similar to213 K. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 NR 22 TC 145 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 064112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.064112 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 801JL UT WOS:000220092100018 ER PT J AU Xu, WM Pasternak, MP Taylor, RD AF Xu, WM Pasternak, MP Taylor, RD TI Pressure-induced onset of long-range magnetic order in two-dimensional spin-frustrated CuFeO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRIANGULAR-LATTICE ANTIFERROMAGNET; PARTIALLY DISORDERED PHASE; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; DIFFRACTION; BEHAVIOR; GPA AB Magnetic properties of two-dimensional spin-frustrated CuFeO2 have been studied up to 19 GPa by means of Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy. The partially disordered spin arrangement at ambient pressure in the 11-16 K range, transforms with pressure to a long-range ordered "5-sublattice" phase with a distinct T-N, a similar role played by external magnetic field in neutron studies. This phase gradually substitutes for the "4-sublattice" magnetic ground state present at ambient pressure, reaching 100% at 19 GPa. Despite the presence of long-range order, this high pressure phase exhibits magnetic relaxation above 20 K attributed to the notwithstanding weak interplanar superexchange interaction. The dramatic twofold increase of T-N at 19 GPa is explained in terms of the unusual increase of the intraplanar direct exchange J(parallel to) caused by the anomalous anisotropic compression of CuFeO2 in which c/a increases with pressure. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xu, WM (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 052401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.052401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700005 ER PT J AU Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM TI Inversion domain boundaries in ZnO: First-principles total-energy calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ZINC-OXIDE; DEPOSITION; GAN; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; FABRICATION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION AB We present first-principles total-energy calculations of domain wall energies for inversion domain boundaries and their interaction with point defects in ZnO. We find that the inversion domain boundaries (IDB's) with Zn-Zn and O-O wrong bonds are energetically unstable, and they transform into the so-called IDB* structures. Although the IDB*'s do not induce electronic states in the bandgap, they are very attractive to electrically active compensating point defects. The segregation of such charged point defects builds up electrical potentials for minority carriers in doped ZnO, which are harmful to optoelectronic applications. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 8 AR 085204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.085204 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 802TF UT WOS:000220185100041 ER PT J AU Zhao, YJ Zunger, A AF Zhao, YJ Zunger, A TI Site preference for Mn substitution in spintronic (CuMX2VI)-X-III chalcopyrite semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; TOTAL-ENERGY; FORMALISM; CUINSE2; GROWTH; PHASE AB The quest for combining semiconducting with ferromagnetic properties has recently led to the exploration of Mn substitutions not only in binary (GaAs, CdTe), but also in ternary semiconductors such as chalcopyrites AB(III)X(2)(VI). Here, however, Mn would substitute any of the two metal sites A or B. The site preference of Mn doping in (CuMX2VI)-X-III chalcopyrite is crucial because it releases different type of carriers: electrons for substitution on the Cu sites, and holes for substitution on the M-III sites. Using first-principles calculation we show that Mn prefers the M-III site under Cu-rich and III-poor conditions, and the Cu site under III-rich condition. We establish the chemical potential domains for pure CuAlS2, CuGaS2, CuInS2, CuGaSe2, and CuGaTe2 stability. We show that the solubility of Mn on the M-III (Cu) site increases (decreases) as the Fermi level moves toward the conduction-band minimum (n-type conditions). It is further found that domains of chemical stability of all these chalcopyrites may be largely reduced by Mn incorporation. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zhao, Yu-Jun/A-1219-2011; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Zhao, Yu-Jun/0000-0002-6923-1099; NR 36 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 7 AR 075208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.075208 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800VH UT WOS:000220055300052 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Shapiro, SM Honda, Z Katsumata, K Grenier, B Ressouche, E Regnault, LP Chen, Y Vorderwisch, P Mikeska, HJ Kolezhuk, AK AF Zheludev, A Shapiro, SM Honda, Z Katsumata, K Grenier, B Ressouche, E Regnault, LP Chen, Y Vorderwisch, P Mikeska, HJ Kolezhuk, AK TI Dynamics of an anisotropic Haldane antiferromagnet in a strong magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID S=1 HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GAP ANTIFERROMAGNET; RESOLUTION FUNCTION; SPIN DYNAMICS; CHAIN; EXCITATIONS; TLCUCL3; PHASE; MODEL AB We report the results of elastic and inelastic neutron-scattering experiments on the Haldane-gap quantum antiferromagnet Ni(C5D14N2)(2)N-3(PF6) performed at mK temperatures in a wide range of magnetic field applied parallel to the S=1 spin chains. Even though this geometry is closest to an ideal axially symmetric configuration, the Haldane gap closes at the critical field H(c)similar or equal to4 T, but reopens again at higher fields. The field dependence of the two lowest magnon modes is experimentally studied and the results are compared with the predictions of several theoretical models. We conclude that of several existing theories, only the recently proposed model [Zheludev , cond-mat/0301424] is able to reproduce all the features observed experimentally for different field orientations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Saitama Univ, Fac Engn, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan. RIKEN, Harima Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. CEA Grenoble, DRFMC, SPSMS, MDN, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, BENSC, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Theoret Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Natl Acad Sci, Inst Magnetism, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Minist Educ, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zheludevai@ornl.gov RI Kolezhuk, Alexei/A-3311-2009 OI Kolezhuk, Alexei/0000-0002-9739-0986 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.054414 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 800AQ UT WOS:000220001700048 ER PT J AU Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Bames, RD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, KC Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, J Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Pietzman, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riaboc, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S AF Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Bames, RD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, KC Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, J Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Pietzman, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riaboc, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Single identified hadron spectra from root s(NN)=130 GeVAu+Au collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; INTERSECTING STORAGE-RINGS; SULFUR-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; ELLIPTIC FLOW; NEUTRAL PIONS AB Transverse momentum spectra and yields of hadrons are measured by the PHENIX collaboration in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The time-of-flight resolution allows identification of pions to transverse momenta of 2 GeV/c and protons and antiprotons to 4 GeV/c. The yield of pions rises approximately linearly with the number of nucleons participating in the collision, while the number of kaons, protons, and antiprotons increases more rapidly. The shape of the momentum distribution changes between peripheral and central collisions. Simultaneous analysis of all the p(T) spectra indicates radial collective expansion, consistent with predictions of hydrodynamic models. Hydrodynamic analysis of the spectra shows that the expansion velocity increases with collision centrality and collision energy. This expansion boosts the particle momenta, causing the yield from soft processes to exceed that for hard to large transverse momentum, perhaps as large as 3 GeV/c. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. 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Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. KFKI Res Inst PArticle & Nucl Phys RMKI, Budapest, Hungary. RP Adcox, K (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 72 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 6 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 AR 024904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.024904 PG 29 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 807GZ UT WOS:000220491300053 ER PT J AU Anticic, T Baatar, B Barna, D Bartke, J Behler, M Betev, L Bialkowska, H Billimeier, A Blume, C Boimska, B Botje, M Bracinik, J Bramm, R Brun, R Buncic, P Cerny, V Christakoglou, P Chvala, O Cooper, GE Cramer, JG Csato, P Dinkelaker, P Eckardt, V Filip, P Fischer, HG Fodor, Z Foka, P Freund, P Friese, V Gal, J Gazdzicki, M Georgopoulos, G Gladysz, E Hegyi, S Hohne, C Jacobs, P Kadija, K Karev, A Kolesnikov, VI Kollegger, T Korus, R Kowalski, M Kraus, I Kreps, M van Leeuwen, M Levai, P Malakhov, AI Markert, C Mayes, BW Melkumov, GL Meurer, C Mischke, A Mitrovski, M Molnar, J Mrowczynski, S Palla, G Panagiotou, AD Perl, K Petridis, A Pikna, M Pinsky, L Puhlhofer, F Reid, JG Renfordt, R Retyk, W Roland, C Roland, G Rybczynski, M Rybicki, A Sandoval, A Sann, H Schmitz, N Seyboth, P Sikler, F Sitar, B Skrzypczak, E Stefanek, G Stock, R Strobele, H Susa, T Szentpetery, I Sziklai, J Trainor, TA Varga, D Vassiliou, M Veres, GI Vesztergombi, G Vranic, D Wenig, S Wetzler, A Wlodarczyk, Z Xu, N Yoo, IK Zaranek, J Zimanyi, J AF Anticic, T Baatar, B Barna, D Bartke, J Behler, M Betev, L Bialkowska, H Billimeier, A Blume, C Boimska, B Botje, M Bracinik, J Bramm, R Brun, R Buncic, P Cerny, V Christakoglou, P Chvala, O Cooper, GE Cramer, JG Csato, P Dinkelaker, P Eckardt, V Filip, P Fischer, HG Fodor, Z Foka, P Freund, P Friese, V Gal, J Gazdzicki, M Georgopoulos, G Gladysz, E Hegyi, S Hohne, C Jacobs, P Kadija, K Karev, A Kolesnikov, VI Kollegger, T Korus, R Kowalski, M Kraus, I Kreps, M van Leeuwen, M Levai, P Malakhov, AI Markert, C Mayes, BW Melkumov, GL Meurer, C Mischke, A Mitrovski, M Molnar, J Mrowczynski, S Palla, G Panagiotou, AD Perl, K Petridis, A Pikna, M Pinsky, L Puhlhofer, F Reid, JG Renfordt, R Retyk, W Roland, C Roland, G Rybczynski, M Rybicki, A Sandoval, A Sann, H Schmitz, N Seyboth, P Sikler, F Sitar, B Skrzypczak, E Stefanek, G Stock, R Strobele, H Susa, T Szentpetery, I Sziklai, J Trainor, TA Varga, D Vassiliou, M Veres, GI Vesztergombi, G Vranic, D Wenig, S Wetzler, A Wlodarczyk, Z Xu, N Yoo, IK Zaranek, J Zimanyi, J TI Energy and centrality dependence of deuteron and proton production in Pb+Pb collisions at relativistic energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; COMPOSITE-PARTICLE-EMISSION; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PB COLLISIONS; COLLECTIVE EXPANSION; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; COALESCENCE MODEL; TRITON PRODUCTION; LIGHT-NUCLEI; GEV/C AB The transverse mass m(t) distributions for deuterons and protons are measured in Pb+Pb reactions near midrapidity and in the range 0