FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Goldman, N Saykally, RJ AF Goldman, N Saykally, RJ TI Elucidating the role of many-body forces in liquid water. I. Simulations of water clusters on the VRT(ASP-W) potential surfaces SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION MONTE-CARLO; TERAHERTZ LASER SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; DIMER INTERMOLECULAR VIBRATIONS; QUASI-ADIABATIC CHANNELS; TUNNELING SPLITTINGS; 3-BODY INTERACTIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ENERGY SURFACE; DIPOLE-MOMENT AB We test two new potentials for water, fit to vibration-rotation tunneling (VRT) data by employing diffusion quantum Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the vibrational ground-state properties of water clusters. These potentials, VRT(ASP-W)II and VRT(ASP-W)III, are fits of the highly detailed ASP-W (anisotropic site potential with Woermer dispersion) ab initio potential to (D2O)(2) microwave and far-infrared data, and along with the SAPT5s (five-site symmetry adapted perturbation theory) potentials, are the most accurate water dimer potential surfaces in the literature. The results from VRT(ASP-W)II and III are compared to those from the original ASP-W potential, the SAPT5s family of potentials, and several bulk water potentials. Only VRT(ASP-W)III and the spectroscopically "tuned" SAPT5st (with N-body induction included) accurately reproduce the vibrational ground-state structures of water clusters up to the hexamer. Finally, the importance of many-body induction and three-body dispersion are examined, and it is shown that the latter can have significant effects on water cluster properties despite its small magnitude. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Saykally, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM saykally@uclink4.berkeley.edu NR 55 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 10 BP 4777 EP 4789 DI 10.1063/1.1645777 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 780DF UT WOS:000189355800026 PM 15267338 ER PT J AU Hagan, MF Chakraborty, AK AF Hagan, MF Chakraborty, AK TI Hybridization dynamics of surface immobilized DNA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAFTED POLYMER BRUSH; EQUATION-OF-STATE; POLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; LIMITING LAWS; COUNTERION CONDENSATION; MONOLAYER FILMS; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; MASS-TRANSPORT; FREE-ENERGY; KINETICS AB We model the hybridization kinetics of surface attached DNA oligomers with solubilized targets. Using both master equation and rate equation formalisms, we show that, for surface coverages at which the surface immobilized molecules interact, barriers to penetration create a distribution of target molecule concentrations within the adsorbed layer. By approximately enumerating probe and target conformations, we estimate the probability of overlap between complementary probe and target regions as a function of probe density and chain length. In agreement with experiments, we find that as probe molecules interact more strongly, fewer nucleation sites become accessible and binding rates are diminished relative to those in solution. Nucleation sites near the grafted end of the probes are least accessible; thus targets which preferentially bind to this region show more drastic rate reductions than those that bind near the free end of the probe. The implications of these results for DNA-based biosensors are discussed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hagan, MF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM arup@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Hagan, Michael/N-2177-2014 OI Hagan, Michael/0000-0002-9211-2434 NR 57 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 10 BP 4958 EP 4968 DI 10.1063/1.1645786 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 780DF UT WOS:000189355800046 PM 15267358 ER PT J AU Rubinstein, R Clark, TT Livescu, D Luo, LS AF Rubinstein, R Clark, TT Livescu, D Luo, LS TI Time-dependent isotropic turbulence SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena CY JUN 24-27, 2003 CL SEBDAL, JAPAN ID TRANSPORT MODEL; EQUATION; CLOSURES; FLOWS AB Homogeneous isotropic turbulence subject to linearly increasing forcing is investigated as a unit problem for statistically unsteady turbulence. The transient spectral dynamics is analysed using a closure theory. A long time asymptotic state is found with k(-7/3) corrections to the energy spectrum as proposed by Yoshizawa. Although the cancellation of O(Re-1/2) terms underlying the standard dissipation rate equation is confirmed in this asymptotic state, it is found that this equation cannot predict the transient dynamics accurately. The discrepancies are explained in terms of the basic mechanisms of vortex stretching and enstrophy destruction responsible for the evolution of the dissipation rate. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Modeling & Simulat Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div X 3 X, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Rubinstein, R (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Modeling & Simulat Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM r.rubinstein@larc.nasa.gov RI Luo, Li-Shi/A-4561-2011 OI Luo, Li-Shi/0000-0003-1215-7892 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PD MAR 8 PY 2004 VL 5 AR 011 DI 10.1080/1468-5248/5/1/011 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 801QZ UT WOS:000220111700001 ER PT J AU Burgdorfer, J Wirtz, L Reinhold, CO Lemell, C AF Burgdorfer, J Wirtz, L Reinhold, CO Lemell, C TI Multi-electron dynamics for neutralization of highly charged ions near surfaces SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion-Surface Interactions (ISI) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Zvenigorod, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci DE ion-surface interaction; neutralization; highly charged ions; lithium flouride; classical Monte-Carlo simulation ID GRAZING SCATTERING; METAL-SURFACES; BARRIER MODEL; COLLISIONS; ATOMS; CONVERSION; INSULATOR; STATE; FRONT AB We present a simulation of the neutralization of highly charged ions in front of a lithium fluoride surface including the close-collision regime above the surface. The present approach employs a Monte-Carlo solution of the Liouville master equation for the joint probability density of the ionic motion and the electronic population of the projectile and the target surface. It includes single as well as double particle-hole (de)excitation processes and incorporates electron correlation effects through the conditional dynamics of population strings. For slow projectiles and normal incidence, the ionic motion depends sensitively on the interplay between image acceleration towards the surface and repulsion by an ensemble of positive hole charges in the surface ("trampoline effect"). For Ne10+ we find that image acceleration is dominant and no collective backscattering high above the surface takes place. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Univ Basque Country, Dept Mat Phys, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. Donostia Int Phys Ctr, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burgdorfer, J (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, Wiedner Haupstr 8-10 136, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM burg@concord.itp.tuwien.ac.at RI Lemell, Christoph/B-5147-2009; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; OI Lemell, Christoph/0000-0003-2560-4495; Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD MAR 8 PY 2004 VL 73 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2003.12.033 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 802AU UT WOS:000220137200002 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Williams, JS Jagadish, C AF Kucheyev, SO Williams, JS Jagadish, C TI Ion-beam-defect processes in group-III nitrides and ZnO SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion-Surface Interactions (ISI) CY AUG 25-29, 2003 CL Zvenigorod, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci DE ion implantation; amorphization; GaN; ZnO; defects; isolation; blistering ID ELECTRICAL ISOLATION; IMPLANT ISOLATION; DAMAGE BUILDUP; GAN; BOMBARDMENT; INXGA1-XN; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIATION; NITROGEN; DISORDER AB Recently, there has been much interest in wide band-gap wurtzite semiconductors such as group-III nitrides (GaN, AlGaN, and InGaN) and ZnO. Ion-beam-defect processes are considerably more complex in these wurtzite semiconductors than in the case of both elemental and group-III-V cubic semiconductors. This brief review focuses on our recent studies of the following aspects of ion-beam-defect processes: (i) effects of implanted species and the density of collision cascades, (ii) the nature of ion-beam-produced planar defects in GaN, (iii) defect production in GaN by swift heavy ions, (iv) blistering of H-implanted GaN, (v) electrical isolation of GaN and ZnO, (vi) the effect of Al and In content on defect processes in III-nitrides, and (vii) structural damage in ZnO with an intriguing effect of the formation of an anomalous defect peak. Emphasis is given to unusual ion-beam-defect processes and to the physical mechanisms underlying them. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kucheyev1@llnl.gov NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD MAR 8 PY 2004 VL 73 IS 1 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.vacuum.2003.12.032 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 802AU UT WOS:000220137200015 ER PT J AU Jackson, GP Duckworth, DC AF Jackson, GP Duckworth, DC TI Electrospray mass spectrometry of undiluted ionic liquids SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MOLTEN-SALTS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; EXTRACTION; SOLVENTS AB Ionic liquids have been analyzed in undiluted form using electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS); results indicate that signal-to-noise ratios for minor constituents are comparable to those observed in conventional, diluted ES-MS and that this approach could be readily applied for mass spectrometric analysis of ionic liquids and ionic impurities/additives dissolved therein, especially those that are solvent reactive. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Duckworth, DC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM duckworthdc@ornl.gov RI Jackson, Glen/D-3518-2014; Duckworth, Douglas/B-7171-2015 OI Jackson, Glen/0000-0003-0803-6254; Duckworth, Douglas/0000-0002-8161-5685 NR 20 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD MAR 7 PY 2004 IS 5 BP 522 EP 523 DI 10.1039/b314754a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 807GX UT WOS:000220491100020 PM 14973588 ER PT J AU Allen, B Woan, G Abbott, B Abbott, R Adhikari, R Allen, B Amin, R Anderson, SB Anderson, WG Araya, M Armandula, H Asiri, F Aufmuth, P Aulbert, C Babak, S Balasubramanian, R Ballmer, S Barish, BC Barker, D Barker-Patton, C Barnes, M Barr, B Barton, MA Bayer, K Beausoleil, R Belczynski, K Bennett, R Berukoff, SJ Betzwieser, J Bhawal, B Billingsley, G Black, E Blackburn, K Bland-Weaver, B Bochner, B Bogue, L Bork, R Bose, S Brady, PR Brau, JE Brown, DA Brozek, S Bullington, A Buonanno, A Burgess, R Busby, D Butler, WE Byer, RL Cadonati, L Cagnoli, G Camp, JB Cantley, CA Cardenas, L Carter, K Casey, MM Castiglione, J Chandler, A Chapsky, J Charlton, P Chatterji, S Chen, Y Chickarmane, V Chin, D Christensen, N Churches, D Colacino, C Coldwell, R Creighton, TD Crooks, DRM Csatorday, P Cusack, BJ Cutler, C D'Ambrosio, ED Danzmann, K Davies, R Daw, E DeBra, D Delker, T DeSalvo, R Dhurandar, S Diaz, M Ding, H Drever, RWP Dupuis, RJ Ebeling, C Edlund, J Ehrens, P Elliffe, EJ Etzel, T Evans, M Evans, T Fallnich, C Farnham, D Fejer, MM Fine, M Finn, LS Flanagan, E Freise, A Frey, R Fritschel, P Frolov, V Fyffe, M Ganezer, KS Giaime, JA Gillespie, A Goda, K Gonzalez, G Gobler, S Grandclement, P Grant, A Gray, C Gretarsson, AM Grimmett, D Grote, H Grunewald, S Guenther, M Gustafson, E Gustafson, R Hamilton, WO Hammond, M Hanson, J Hardham, C Harry, G Hartunian, A Heefner, J Hefetz, Y Heinzel, G Heng, IS Hennessy, M Hepler, N Heptonstall, A Heurs, M Hewitson, M Hindman, N Hoang, P Hough, J Hrynevych, M Hua, W Ingley, R Ito, M Itoh, Y Ivanov, A Jennrich, O Johnson, WW Johnston, W Jones, L Jungwirth, D Kalogera, V Katsavounidis, E Kawabe, K Kawamura, S Kells, W Kern, J Khan, A Killbourn, S Killow, CJ Kim, C King, C King, P Klimenko, S Kloevekorn, P Koranda, S Kotter, K Kovalik, J Kozak, D Krishnan, B Landry, M Langdale, J Lantz, B Lawrence, R Lazzarini, A Lei, M Leonhardt, V Leonor, I Libbrecht, M Luck, H Lyons, TT Machenschalk, B MacInnis, M Mageswaran, M Mailand, K Majid, W Malec, M Mann, F Marin, A Marka, S Maros, E Mason, J Mason, K Matherny, O Matone, L Mavalvala, N McCarthy, R McClelland, DE McHugh, M McNamara, P Mendell, G Meshkov, S Messenger, C Mitselmakher, G Mittleman, R Miyakawa, O Miyoki, S Mohanty, S Moreno, G Mossavi, K Mours, B Mueller, G Mukherjee, S Myers, J Nagano, S Nash, T Naundorf, H Nayak, R Newton, G Nocera, F Nutzman, P Olson, T O'Reilly, B Ottaway, DJ Ottewill, A Ouimette, D Overmier, H Owen, BJ Papa, MA Parameswariah, C Parameswariah, V Pedraza, M Penn, S Pitkin, M Plissi, M Pratt, M Quetschke, V Raab, F Radkins, H Rahkola, R Rakhmanov, M Rao, SR Redding, D Regehr, MW Regimbau, T Reilly, KT Reithmaier, K Reitze, DH Richman, S Riesen, R Riles, K Rizzi, A Robertson, DI Robertson, NA Robison, L Roddy, S Rollins, J Romano, JD Romie, J Rong, H Rose, D Rotthoff, E Rowan, S Rudiger, A Russell, P Ryan, K Salzman, I Sanders, GH Sannibale, V Sathyaprakash, B Saulson, PR Savage, R Sazonov, A Schilling, R Schlaufman, K Schmidt, V Schofield, R Schrempel, M Schutzl, BF Schwinberg, P Scott, SM Searle, AC Sears, B Seel, S Sengupta, AS Shapiro, CA Shawhan, P Shoemaker, DH Shu, QZ Sibley, A Siemens, X Sievers, L Sigg, D Sintes, AM Skeldon, K Smith, JR Smith, M Smith, MR Sneddon, P Spero, R Stapfer, G Strain, KA Strom, D Stuver, A Summerscales, T Sumner, MC Sutton, PJ Sylvestre, J Takamori, A Tanner, DB Tariq, H Taylor, I Taylor, R Throne, KS Tibbits, M Tilav, S Tinto, M Torres, C Torrie, C Traeger, S Traylor, G Tyler, W Ugolini, D Vallisneri, M van Putten, M Vass, S Vecchio, A Vorvick, C Wallace, L Walther, H Ward, H Ware, B Watts, K Webber, D Weidner, A Weiland, U Weinstein, A Weiss, R Welling, H Wen, L Wen, S Whelan, JT Whitcomb, SE Whiting, BF Willems, PA Williams, PR Williams, R Willke, B Wilson, A Winjum, PA Williams, PR Williams, R Willke, B Wilson, A Winjum, BJ Winkler, W Wise, S Wiseman, AG Woan, G Wooley, R Worden, J Yakushin, I Yamamoto, H Yoshida, S Zawischa, I Zhang, L Zotov, N Zucker, M Zweizig, J AF Allen, B Woan, G Abbott, B Abbott, R Adhikari, R Allen, B Amin, R Anderson, SB Anderson, WG Araya, M Armandula, H Asiri, F Aufmuth, P Aulbert, C Babak, S Balasubramanian, R Ballmer, S Barish, BC Barker, D Barker-Patton, C Barnes, M Barr, B Barton, MA Bayer, K Beausoleil, R Belczynski, K Bennett, R Berukoff, SJ Betzwieser, J Bhawal, B Billingsley, G Black, E Blackburn, K Bland-Weaver, B Bochner, B Bogue, L Bork, R Bose, S Brady, PR Brau, JE Brown, DA Brozek, S Bullington, A Buonanno, A Burgess, R Busby, D Butler, WE Byer, RL Cadonati, L Cagnoli, G Camp, JB Cantley, CA Cardenas, L Carter, K Casey, MM Castiglione, J Chandler, A Chapsky, J Charlton, P Chatterji, S Chen, Y Chickarmane, V Chin, D Christensen, N Churches, D Colacino, C Coldwell, R Creighton, TD Crooks, DRM Csatorday, P Cusack, BJ Cutler, C D'Ambrosio, ED Danzmann, K Davies, R Daw, E DeBra, D Delker, T DeSalvo, R Dhurandar, S Diaz, M Ding, H Drever, RWP Dupuis, RJ Ebeling, C Edlund, J Ehrens, P Elliffe, EJ Etzel, T Evans, M Evans, T Fallnich, C Farnham, D Fejer, MM Fine, M Finn, LS Flanagan, E Freise, A Frey, R Fritschel, P Frolov, V Fyffe, M Ganezer, KS Giaime, JA Gillespie, A Goda, K Gonzalez, G Gobler, S Grandclement, P Grant, A Gray, C Gretarsson, AM Grimmett, D Grote, H Grunewald, S Guenther, M Gustafson, E Gustafson, R Hamilton, WO Hammond, M Hanson, J Hardham, C Harry, G Hartunian, A Heefner, J Hefetz, Y Heinzel, G Heng, IS Hennessy, M Hepler, N Heptonstall, A Heurs, M Hewitson, M Hindman, N Hoang, P Hough, J Hrynevych, M Hua, W Ingley, R Ito, M Itoh, Y Ivanov, A Jennrich, O Johnson, WW Johnston, W Jones, L Jungwirth, D Kalogera, V Katsavounidis, E Kawabe, K Kawamura, S Kells, W Kern, J Khan, A Killbourn, S Killow, CJ Kim, C King, C King, P Klimenko, S Kloevekorn, P Koranda, S Kotter, K Kovalik, J Kozak, D Krishnan, B Landry, M Langdale, J Lantz, B Lawrence, R Lazzarini, A Lei, M Leonhardt, V Leonor, I Libbrecht, M Luck, H Lyons, TT Machenschalk, B MacInnis, M Mageswaran, M Mailand, K Majid, W Malec, M Mann, F Marin, A Marka, S Maros, E Mason, J Mason, K Matherny, O Matone, L Mavalvala, N McCarthy, R McClelland, DE McHugh, M McNamara, P Mendell, G Meshkov, S Messenger, C Mitselmakher, G Mittleman, R Miyakawa, O Miyoki, S Mohanty, S Moreno, G Mossavi, K Mours, B Mueller, G Mukherjee, S Myers, J Nagano, S Nash, T Naundorf, H Nayak, R Newton, G Nocera, F Nutzman, P Olson, T O'Reilly, B Ottaway, DJ Ottewill, A Ouimette, D Overmier, H Owen, BJ Papa, MA Parameswariah, C Parameswariah, V Pedraza, M Penn, S Pitkin, M Plissi, M Pratt, M Quetschke, V Raab, F Radkins, H Rahkola, R Rakhmanov, M Rao, SR Redding, D Regehr, MW Regimbau, T Reilly, KT Reithmaier, K Reitze, DH Richman, S Riesen, R Riles, K Rizzi, A Robertson, DI Robertson, NA Robison, L Roddy, S Rollins, J Romano, JD Romie, J Rong, H Rose, D Rotthoff, E Rowan, S Rudiger, A Russell, P Ryan, K Salzman, I Sanders, GH Sannibale, V Sathyaprakash, B Saulson, PR Savage, R Sazonov, A Schilling, R Schlaufman, K Schmidt, V Schofield, R Schrempel, M Schutzl, BF Schwinberg, P Scott, SM Searle, AC Sears, B Seel, S Sengupta, AS Shapiro, CA Shawhan, P Shoemaker, DH Shu, QZ Sibley, A Siemens, X Sievers, L Sigg, D Sintes, AM Skeldon, K Smith, JR Smith, M Smith, MR Sneddon, P Spero, R Stapfer, G Strain, KA Strom, D Stuver, A Summerscales, T Sumner, MC Sutton, PJ Sylvestre, J Takamori, A Tanner, DB Tariq, H Taylor, I Taylor, R Throne, KS Tibbits, M Tilav, S Tinto, M Torres, C Torrie, C Traeger, S Traylor, G Tyler, W Ugolini, D Vallisneri, M van Putten, M Vass, S Vecchio, A Vorvick, C Wallace, L Walther, H Ward, H Ware, B Watts, K Webber, D Weidner, A Weiland, U Weinstein, A Weiss, R Welling, H Wen, L Wen, S Whelan, JT Whitcomb, SE Whiting, BF Willems, PA Williams, PR Williams, R Willke, B Wilson, A Winjum, PA Williams, PR Williams, R Willke, B Wilson, A Winjum, BJ Winkler, W Wise, S Wiseman, AG Woan, G Wooley, R Worden, J Yakushin, I Yamamoto, H Yoshida, S Zawischa, I Zhang, L Zotov, N Zucker, M Zweizig, J CA LIGO Sci Collaboration TI Upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134 SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves CY JUL 06-11, 2003 CL Tirrenia, ITALY AB The first science run of the LIGO and GEO gravitational wave detectors presented the opportunity to test methods of searching for gravitational waves from known pulsars. Here we present new direct upper limits on the strength of waves from the pulsar PSR J1939+2134 using two independent analysis methods, one in the frequency domain using frequentist statistics and one in the time domain using Bayesian inference. Both methods show that the strain amplitude at Earth from this pulsar is less than a few times 10(-22). C1 Albert Einstein Inst Gravitat Phys, D-14476 Golm, Germany. Albert Einstein Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30157 Hannover, Germany. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747 USA. CALTECH, CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF2 3YB, S Glam, Wales. Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Hobart & William Smith Coll, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Inter Univ Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. CALTECH, LIGO, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. MIT, LIGO, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA. LIGO Livingston Observ, Livingston, LA 70754 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Loyola Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Salish Kootenai Coll, Pablo, MT 59855 USA. SE Louisiana Univ, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Texas, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. Texas Southmost Coll, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Univ Illes Balears, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Albert Einstein Inst Gravitat Phys, D-14476 Golm, Germany. RI Rowan, Sheila/E-3032-2010; Strain, Kenneth/D-5236-2011; Raab, Frederick/E-2222-2011; Lueck, Harald/F-7100-2011; Freise, Andreas/F-8892-2011; Kawabe, Keita/G-9840-2011; Allen, Bruce/K-2327-2012; Pitkin, Matthew/I-3802-2013; Sylvestre, Julien/A-8610-2009; Beausoleil, Raymond/C-5076-2009; McClelland, David/E-6765-2010; Schutz, Bernard/B-1504-2010; Casey, Morag/C-9703-2010; van Putten, Maurice/F-5237-2011; Vecchio, Alberto/F-8310-2015; Finn, Lee Samuel/A-3452-2009; Ottaway, David/J-5908-2015; Ottewill, Adrian/A-1838-2016; Sigg, Daniel/I-4308-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Strain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2066-5355; Lueck, Harald/0000-0001-9350-4846; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256; Pitkin, Matthew/0000-0003-4548-526X; Sylvestre, Julien/0000-0001-8136-4348; McClelland, David/0000-0001-6210-5842; Vecchio, Alberto/0000-0002-6254-1617; Finn, Lee Samuel/0000-0002-3937-0688; Ottewill, Adrian/0000-0003-3293-8450; Sigg, Daniel/0000-0003-4606-6526; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Whelan, John/0000-0001-5710-6576; Zweizig, John/0000-0002-1521-3397; Heurs, Michele/0000-0002-5577-2273; Papa, M.Alessandra/0000-0002-1007-5298 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 EI 1361-6382 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD MAR 7 PY 2004 VL 21 IS 5 SI SI BP S671 EP S676 AR PII S0264-9381(04)69831-5 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/21/5/042 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 805CQ UT WOS:000220344800043 ER PT J AU Crooks, DRM Cagnoli, G Fejer, MM Gretarsson, A Harry, G Hough, J Nakagawa, N Penn, S Route, R Rowan, S Sneddon, PH AF Crooks, DRM Cagnoli, G Fejer, MM Gretarsson, A Harry, G Hough, J Nakagawa, N Penn, S Route, R Rowan, S Sneddon, PH TI Experimental measurements of coating mechanical loss factors SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves CY JUL 06-11, 2003 CL Tirrenia, ITALY ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE DETECTORS; DIELECTRIC MIRROR COATINGS; THERMAL NOISE; TEST MASSES AB All current gravitational wave detectors use test masses coated with alternating layers of two different dielectric materials to form highly reflective mirrors. The thermal noise from mechanical dissipation associated with such coatings may be significant for future detectors such as advanced LIGO. We have measured the mechanical dissipation of a number of types of coatings formed from SiO2 (silica) and Ta2O5 (tantala). The frequency dependence of the dissipation has been determined, taking into account the contribution of thermoelastic loss. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Gravitat Res, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. LIGO Livingston Observ, Livingston, LA 70754 USA. MIT, LIGO Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Phys, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Crooks, DRM (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Gravitat Res, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM d.crooks@physics.gla.ac.uk RI Rowan, Sheila/E-3032-2010 NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD MAR 7 PY 2004 VL 21 IS 5 SI SI BP S1059 EP S1065 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/21/5/101 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 805CQ UT WOS:000220344800102 ER PT J AU Ye, XR Lin, YH Wang, CM Engelhard, MH Wang, Y Wai, CM AF Ye, XR Lin, YH Wang, CM Engelhard, MH Wang, Y Wai, CM TI Supercritical fluid synthesis and characterization of catalytic metal nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY-STORAGE; REACTIVE DEPOSITION; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; DIOXIDE SOLUTION; FUEL-CELLS; NANOWIRES; PLATINUM; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH; FILMS AB A rapid, convenient and environmentally benign method has been developed for the fabrication of metal nanoparticle-multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites. Nanoparticles of palladium, rhodium and ruthenium are deposited onto functionalized MWCNTs through a simple hydrogen reduction of metal-beta-diketone precursors in supercritical carbon dioxide, and are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. These highly dispersed nanoparticles, with a narrow range of size distribution and good adhesion on MWCNT surfaces, are expected to exhibit promising catalytic properties for a variety of chemical reactions. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that Pd nanoparticles supported on MWCNTs are effective catalysts for hydrogenation of olefins in carbon dioxide. The Pd nanoparticle-MWCNT composite also shows a high electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction for potential fuel cell application. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov; cwai@uidaho.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 50 TC 205 Z9 213 U1 4 U2 71 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 908 EP 913 DI 10.1039/b308124a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 805PF UT WOS:000220377500022 ER PT J AU Lavrov, DV Brown, WM Boore, JL AF Lavrov, DV Brown, WM Boore, JL TI Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan)crustacean relationships SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Pentastomida; mitochondrial DNA; gene rearrangement; arthropod relationships; phylogenetic inference ID MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CRUSTACEA; CEPHALOCARIDA; SEQUENCES; PHYLUM; REARRANGEMENTS; ARTHROPODS; PARASITES; INCLUSION AB Pentastomids are a small group of vermiform animals with unique morphology and parasitic lifestyle. They are generally recognized as being related to the Arthropoda; however, the nature of this relationship is controversial. We have determined the complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the pentastomid Armillifer armillatus and complete or nearly complete mtDNA sequences from representatives of four previously unsampled groups of Crustacea: Remipedia (Speleonectes tulumensis), Cephalocarida (Hutchinsoniella macracantha), Cirripedia (Pollicipes polymerus) and Branchiura (Argulus americanus). Analyses of the mtDNA gene arrangements and sequences determined in this study indicate unambiguously that pentastomids are a group of modified crustaceans probably related to branchiurans. In addition, gene arrangement comparisons strongly support an unforeseen assemblage of pentastomids with maxillopod and cephalocarid crustaceans, to the exclusion of remipedes, branchiopods, malacostracans and hexapods. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Biochim, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. DoE Joint Genome Inst, Dept Evolutionary Genom, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Lavrov, DV (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, 830 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dlavrov@bch.umontreal.ca OI Lavrov, Dennis/0000-0002-2745-1704 NR 54 TC 144 Z9 156 U1 3 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAR 7 PY 2004 VL 271 IS 1538 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2631 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 779LV UT WOS:000189299600014 PM 15129965 ER PT J AU Luchansky, SJ Goon, S Bertozzi, CR AF Luchansky, SJ Goon, S Bertozzi, CR TI Expanding the diversity of unnatural cell-surface sialic acids SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE azides; glycans; glycoconjugates; ketones; oligosaccharides; sialic acid; Staudinger ligation ID BIOSYNTHESIS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58867] NR 14 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI Chembiochem PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 371 EP 374 DI 10.1002/cbic.200300789 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 802XS UT WOS:000220196800018 PM 14997530 ER PT J AU Fu, RW Zheng, B Liu, J Weiss, S Ying, JY Dresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus, G Satcher, J Baumann, T AF Fu, RW Zheng, B Liu, J Weiss, S Ying, JY Dresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus, G Satcher, J Baumann, T TI Studies of the chemical and pore structures of the carbon aerogels synthesized by gelation and supercritical drying in isopropanol SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon aerogel; gelation and drying in isopropanol; chemical structure; pore structure AB The carbon aerogels prepared by a new method through gelation and supercritical drying in isopropanol were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, and a surface area analyzer. Their chemical structure, morphology, and pore structure are discussed. We found that all of these carbon aerogel (CA-IPA) samples have almost the same carbon and oxygen elemental states, as well as similar oxygen-containing groups. The curve fitting of the C1s XPS spectra of the samples for characterizing oxygen-containing surface groups can be performed by assuming the peak type to be a Gaussian-Lorentzian Cross Product, but we cannot obtain good results using a Gaussian lineshape. When the mass density of the CA-IPA decreases, the mesopores and macropores of the samples are found to grow, but the size and the shape of individual carbon nanoparticles in various CA-IPA samples do not apparently change. The micropore volume of the CA-IPA samples increases with a decrease in the mass density, while the mesopore volume has a maximum at a certain mass density. The CA-IPA samples have a very narrow micropore distribution at about 0.5 nm. The mesopore distribution of the CA-IPA is widened and the average pore size increases as the mass density of the sample decreases. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Zhongshan Univ, PCFM Lab, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dresselhaus, MS (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM millie@mgm.mit.edu RI Ying, Jackie/A-8402-2012; Liu, Jie/B-4440-2010 OI Ying, Jackie/0000-0001-6938-2113; Liu, Jie/0000-0003-0451-6111 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 91 IS 5 BP 3060 EP 3067 DI 10.1002/app.13474 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 770DR UT WOS:000188708400039 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Influence of a buffered solution on the adsorption isotherm and overloaded band profiles of an ionizable compound SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption equilibrium; isotherm modeling; frontal analysis; extended BET isotherm; adsorption energy distribution; competitive isotherm; toluene; ethylbenzene ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RETENTION DATA; C-18 COLUMNS; FINITE-ELEMENTS; IONIC-STRENGTH; KROMASIL C-18; REPRODUCIBILITY; REPEATABILITY; EQUILIBRIUM; PROPRANOLOL AB The overloaded band profiles and the adsorption isotherms of propranolol were acquired at 23 degreesC, on the endcapped C-18-Kromasil stationary phase, using two aqueous solutions of methanol as the mobile phase. The first solution contained 40% methanol and no buffer. The second contained an aqueous acetate buffer at C-buffer = 0.20M and pH = 5.9. In both cases, 33 isotherm data points were acquired by frontal analysis (FA), to achieve an accurate description of the isotherms in the concentration range between 1.54 x 10(-3) and 1.54 x 10(-1) mol/l of propranolol. The isotherms obtained were best described by a bi-Langmuir and a bi-Moreau isotherm model, depending on whether the mobile phase was buffered or not. This shows that the adsorption of propranolol takes place on two different types of sites, a behavior similar to the one already observed with phenol and caffeine on the same column. The presence of the buffer in the mobile phase drastically changes the adsorption mechanism of propranolol. Weak adsorbate-adsorbate interactions (two and three times RT on the low- and the high-energy sites, respectively) take place in the absence of buffer but vanish when the mobile phase is buffered. As expected, the adsorption constants on the abundant low-energy sites with or without buffer are comparable because the mobile phase composition was adjusted to give similar retention times in the two cases. On the other hand, the adsorption of propranolol on the high-energy sites is stronger in presence of the buffer. The difference probably comes from ion-pair formation in the adsorbed phase between the propranolol cation and the acetate anion. The change in total saturation capacity of the adsorbent (22%) compared to that for phenol is explained by the difference in methanol content of the mobile phase. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 40 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 1028 IS 2 BP 197 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.106 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 770PF UT WOS:000188738600003 PM 14989473 ER PT J AU Goedken, ER Levitus, M Johnson, A Bustamante, C O'Donnell, M Kuriyan, J AF Goedken, ER Levitus, M Johnson, A Bustamante, C O'Donnell, M Kuriyan, J TI Fluorescence measurements on the E-coli DNA polymerase clamp loader: Implications for conformational changes during ATP and clamp binding SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA polymerase; DNA replication; clamp loader; sliding clamp; ATPase ID REPLICATION FACTOR-C; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; ONE HOLOENZYME PARTICLE; CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; III HOLOENZYME; SLIDING CLAMP; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSES; GAMMA-SUBUNIT; DELTA-SUBUNIT; BACTERIOPHAGE-T4 POLYMERASE AB Sliding clamps are ring-shaped proteins that tether DNA polymerases to their templates during processive DNA replication. The action of ATP-dependent clamp loader complexes is required to open the circular clamps and to load them onto DNA. The crystal structure of the pentameric clamp loader complex from Escherichia coli (the gamma complex), determined in the absence of nucleotides, revealed a highly asymmetric and extended form of the clamp loader. Consideration of this structure suggested that a compact and more symmetrical inactive form may predominate in solution in the absence of crystal packing forces. This model has the N-terminal domains of the delta and delta(1) subunits of the clamp loader close to each other in the inactive state, with the clamp loader opening in a crab-claw-like fashion upon ATP-binding. We have used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to investigate the structural changes in the E. coli clamp loader complex that result from ATP-binding and interactions between the clamp loader and the beta clamp. FRET measurements using fluorophores placed in the N-terminal domains of the delta and delta(1) subunits indicate that the distances between these subunits in solution are consistent with the previously crystallized extended form of the clamp loader. Furthermore, the addition of nucleotide and clamp to the labeled clamp loader does not appreciably alter these FRET distances. Our results suggest that the changes that occur in the relative positioning of the delta and delta(1) subunits when ATP binds to and activates the complex are subtle, and that crab-claw-like movements are not a significant component of the clamp loader mechanism. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kuriyan@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Levitus, Marcia/G-3735-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM45547, GM38839] NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 336 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1059 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.12.074 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 779HM UT WOS:000189289300006 PM 15037068 ER PT J AU Pohl, R Montes, VA Shinar, J Anzenbacher, P AF Pohl, R Montes, VA Shinar, J Anzenbacher, P TI Red-green-blue emission from tris(5-aryl-8-quinolinolate)Al(III) complexes SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EMITTING MATERIALS; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; ALUMINUM; DEVICES AB A simple yet effective strategy for synthesis of 5-aryl-8-quinolinolate-based electroluminophores with tunable emission wavelengths is presented. Two different pathways for the attachment of electron-donating or electron-withdrawing aryl groups to the 5-position of the quinolinolate ligand via Suzuki coupling were developed. A successful tuning in the emission color was achieved: the emission wavelength was found to correlate with the Hammett constant of the respective substituents, providing a powerful strategy for prediction of the optical properties of new electroluminophores. C1 Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anzenbacher, P (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Ctr Photochem Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. EM pauel@bgnet.bgsu.edu NR 17 TC 147 Z9 159 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1723 EP 1725 DI 10.1021/jo035602q PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 779CW UT WOS:000189278900041 PM 14987034 ER PT J AU Bhutani, N Lauffer, JP Gilbert-O'Neil, R AF Bhutani, N Lauffer, JP Gilbert-O'Neil, R TI Dynamic characteristics of artillery shells SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Letter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bhutani, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9042, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM nbhutan@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 270 IS 4-5 BP 1069 EP 1073 DI 10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00624-2 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 778AG UT WOS:000189216500032 ER PT J AU Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, E Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, DA Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, I Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Yuting, B Zanevski, YV Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zhaomin, ZP Zizong, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN AF Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, E Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, DA Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, I Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Yuting, B Zanevski, YV Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zhaomin, ZP Zizong, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN TI rho(0) production and possible modification in Au+Au and p+p collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VECTOR-MESON PRODUCTION; 205 GEV-C; INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; HADRON-PRODUCTION; AU COLLISIONS; PP; RESONANCES; DECAYS; ANNIHILATION AB We report results on rho(770)(0)-->pi(+)pi(-) production at midrapidity in p+p and peripheral Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV. This is the first direct measurement of rho(770)(0)-->pi(+)pi(-) in heavy-ion collisions. The measured rho(0) peak in the invariant mass distribution is shifted by similar to40 MeV/c(2) in minimum bias p+p interactions and similar to70 MeV/c(2) in peripheral Au+Au collisions. The rho(0) mass shift is dependent on transverse momentum and multiplicity. The modification of the rho(0) meson mass, width, and shape due to phase space and dynamical effects are discussed. C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez, Czech Republic. Lab High Energy JINR, Dubna, Russia. Particle Phys Lab JINR, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhui 230027, Peoples R China. Acad Sinica, Shanghai Inst Nucl Res, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adams, J (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RI Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013 OI Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; NR 37 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 9 AR 092301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.092301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800VI UT WOS:000220055400006 ER PT J AU Auerbach, LB Burman, RL Caldwell, DO Church, ED Cochran, AK Donahue, JB Fazely, AR Garvey, GT Gunasingha, RM Imlay, RL Kahrimanis, G Louis, WC Majkic, R Malik, A McIlhany, KL Metcalf, WJ Mills, GB Rupnik, D Sandberg, VD Smith, D Somodi, RF Stancu, I Strossman, WD Sung, M Tayloe, R VanDalen, GJ Vernon, W Wadia, N White, DH Yellin, S Yi, H AF Auerbach, LB Burman, RL Caldwell, DO Church, ED Cochran, AK Donahue, JB Fazely, AR Garvey, GT Gunasingha, RM Imlay, RL Kahrimanis, G Louis, WC Majkic, R Malik, A McIlhany, KL Metcalf, WJ Mills, GB Rupnik, D Sandberg, VD Smith, D Somodi, RF Stancu, I Strossman, WD Sung, M Tayloe, R VanDalen, GJ Vernon, W Wadia, N White, DH Yellin, S Yi, H CA LSND Collaboration TI Search for pi(0)->nu(mu)(nu)over-bar(mu) decays in the LSND detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English Estonian DT Article ID NEUTRINO PRODUCTION; BRANCHING RATIO; ENERGY; LIMIT AB We observe a net beam excess of 8.7+/-6.3(stat)+/-2.4(syst) events, above 160 MeV, resulting from the charged-current reaction of nu(mu) and/or (ν) over bar (mu) on C and H in the LSND detector. No beam-related muon background is expected in this energy regime. Within an analysis framework of pi(0)-->nu(mu)(ν) over bar (mu), we set a direct upper limit for this branching ratio of Gamma(pi(0)-->nu(mu)(ν) over bar (mu))/Gamma(pi(0)-->all)<1.6x10(-6) at 90% confidence level. C1 Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. So Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. RP Auerbach, LB (reprint author), Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM fazely@phys.subr.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 9 AR 091801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.091801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800VI UT WOS:000220055400005 PM 15089459 ER PT J AU Bouchet, J Albers, RC Jones, MD Jomard, G AF Bouchet, J Albers, RC Jones, MD Jomard, G TI New pseudophase structure for alpha-Pu SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DELTA-PU; PLUTONIUM; PICTURE; ENERGY; METALS AB We propose a new pseudophase crystal structure, based on an orthorhombic distortion of the diamond structure, for the ground-state alpha phase of plutonium. Electronic-structure calculations in the generalized-gradient approximation give approximately the same total energy for the two structures. Interestingly, our new pseudophase structure is the same as the gamma-Pu structure except with very different b/a and c/a ratios. We show how the contraction relative to the gamma phase, principally in the z direction, leads to an alpha-like structure in the [0,1,1] plane and reproduces the short range bonds of the alpha phase. This is an important link between two complex structures of Pu and opens new possibilities for exploring the very rich phase diagram of Pu through theoretical calculations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Computat Res, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Ctr Etud Bruyeres Le Chatel, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Bouchet, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 9 AR 095503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.095503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800VI UT WOS:000220055400031 PM 15089485 ER PT J AU Kruger, R Schulz, B Naler, S Rauer, R Budelmann, D Backstrom, J Kim, KH Cheong, SW Perebeinos, V Rubhausen, M AF Kruger, R Schulz, B Naler, S Rauer, R Budelmann, D Backstrom, J Kim, KH Cheong, SW Perebeinos, V Rubhausen, M TI Orbital ordering in LaMnO3 investigated by resonance Raman spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; WAVES AB Orbital ordering leads to an unconventional excitation spectrum that we investigate by resonance Raman scattering using incident photon energies between 1.7 and 5.0 eV. We use spectral ellipsometry to determine the corresponding dielectric function. Our results show resonant behavior of the phonon Raman cross section when the laser frequency is close to the orbiton-excitation energy of 2 eV in LaMnO3. We show an excellent agreement between theoretical calculations based on the Franck-Condon mechanism activating multiphonon Raman scattering in first order of the electron-phonon coupling and the experimental data of phonons with different symmetries. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Angew Phys, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kruger, R (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Angew Phys, Jungiusstr 9, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. RI Backstrom, Joakim/E-2299-2011 NR 18 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 9 AR 097203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.097203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800VI UT WOS:000220055400053 PM 15089507 ER PT J AU Krusin-Elbaum, L Shibauchi, T Mielke, CH AF Krusin-Elbaum, L Shibauchi, T Mielke, CH TI Null orbital frustration at the pseudogap boundary in a layered cuprate superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; NEGATIVE MAGNETORESISTANCE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PHASE; GAP; STATE; DEPENDENCE; BI2SR2CUO6+DELTA AB We assess the relative importance of orbital frustration at the pseudogap closing field H-pg. Using interlayer tunneling transport in pulsed magnetic fields nearly up to 60 T, we track the field-temperature (H-T) phase diagram for fields parallel (parallel toab) and normal (parallel toc) to the layered structure of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y. In contrast to large orientational anisotropy of the superconducting state related to the orbital motion of Cooper pairs, we find anisotropy of H-pg temperature independent and small, due solely to the g factor. The obtained Zeeman relation with the pseudogap temperature T-star, g(parallel toc)mu(B)H(pg)(parallel toc)=g(parallel toab)mu(B)H(pg)(parallel toab)approximate tok(B)T(star), is fully consistent with the correlations only in the spin channel. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6158501, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Krusin-Elbaum, L (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM krusin@us.ibm.com; shiba@kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Shibauchi, Takasada/B-9349-2008 OI Shibauchi, Takasada/0000-0001-5831-4924 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 9 AR 097005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.097005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800VI UT WOS:000220055400050 ER PT J AU Lee, DH Leinaas, JM AF Lee, DH Leinaas, JM TI Mott insulators without symmetry breaking SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONATING-VALENCE-BOND; DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNETS; GROUND-STATES; SPIN-PEIERLS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CYLINDERS; LATTICE; MODEL AB We present theoretical models, in one and two space dimensions, that exhibit Mott insulating ground states at fractional occupations without any symmetry breaking. The Hamiltonians of these models are nonlocal in configuration space, but local in phase space. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Lee, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 9 AR 096401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.096401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800VI UT WOS:000220055400041 PM 15089495 ER PT J AU Schafer, J Schrupp, D Rotenberg, E Rossnagel, K Koh, H Blaha, P Claessen, R AF Schafer, J Schrupp, D Rotenberg, E Rossnagel, K Koh, H Blaha, P Claessen, R TI Electronic quasiparticle renormalization on the spin wave energy scale SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SURFACE-STATE; IRON; FLUCTUATIONS; FE(110); FE; NICKEL AB High-resolution photoemission data of the (110) iron surface reveal the existence of well-defined metallic surface resonances in good correspondence to band calculations. Close to the Fermi level, their dispersion and momentum broadening display anomalies characteristic of quasiparticle renormalization due to coupling to bosonic excitations. Its energy scale exceeds that of phonons by far, and is in striking coincidence with that of the spin wave spectrum in iron. The self-energy behavior thus gives spectroscopic evidence of a quasiparticle mass enhancement due to electron-magnon coupling. C1 Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Vienna, Inst Mat Chem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. RP Schafer, J (reprint author), Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. RI Blaha, Peter/F-2847-2010; Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011; Claessen, Ralph/A-2045-2017 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090; Claessen, Ralph/0000-0003-3682-6325 NR 29 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 9 AR 097205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.097205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800VI UT WOS:000220055400055 PM 15089509 ER PT J AU Varela, M Findlay, SD Lupini, AR Christen, HM Borisevich, AY Dellby, N Krivanek, OL Nellist, PD Oxley, MP Allen, LJ Pennycook, SJ AF Varela, M Findlay, SD Lupini, AR Christen, HM Borisevich, AY Dellby, N Krivanek, OL Nellist, PD Oxley, MP Allen, LJ Pennycook, SJ TI Spectroscopic imaging of single atoms within a bulk solid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-RESOLUTION CONTRAST; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; COHERENT ELECTRON-PROBE; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; CRYSTALS; DELOCALIZATION; VISIBILITY; MICROSCOPE AB The ability to localize, identify, and measure the electronic environment of individual atoms will provide fundamental insights into many issues in materials science, physics, and nanotechnology. We demonstrate, using an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope, the spectroscopic imaging of single La atoms inside CaTiO3. Dynamical simulations confirm that the spectroscopic information is spatially confined around the scattering atom. Furthermore, we show how the depth of the atom within the crystal may be estimated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Nion Co, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. RP Varela, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Findlay, Scott/C-9764-2013; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014 OI Findlay, Scott/0000-0003-4862-4827; Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004 NR 34 TC 172 Z9 172 U1 4 U2 78 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 9 AR 095502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.095502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800VI UT WOS:000220055400030 PM 15089484 ER PT J AU Yaakobi, B Meyerhofer, DD Boehly, TR Rehr, JJ Remington, BA Allen, PG Pollaine, SM Albers, RC AF Yaakobi, B Meyerhofer, DD Boehly, TR Rehr, JJ Remington, BA Allen, PG Pollaine, SM Albers, RC TI Extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements of laser-shocked V and Ti and crystal phase transformation in Ti SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; STRAIN-RATE AB Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), using a laser-imploded target as a source, can yield the properties of laser-shocked metals on a nanosecond time scale. EXAFS measurements of vanadium shocked to similar to0.4 Mbar yield the compression and temperature in good agreement with hydrodynamic simulations and shock-speed measurements. In laser-shocked titanium at the same pressure, the EXAPS modulation damping is much higher than is warranted by the predicted temperature increase. This is shown to be due to the alpha-Ti to omega-Ti crystal phase transformation, known to occur below similar to0.1 Mbar for slower shock waves. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yaakobi, B (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 9 AR 095504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.095504 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 800VI UT WOS:000220055400032 PM 15089486 ER PT J AU Bailey, SM Brenneman, MA Halbrook, J Nickoloff, JA Ullrich, RL Goodwin, EH AF Bailey, SM Brenneman, MA Halbrook, J Nickoloff, JA Ullrich, RL Goodwin, EH TI The kinase activity of DNA-PK is required to protect mammalian telomeres SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE DNA-PKcs; mammalian telomeres; double-strand breaks; DNA repair; cancer ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; TO-END FUSIONS; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; REPAIR; CELLS; KU; STABILITY; LENGTH; MICE; TRANSLOCATIONS AB The kinase activity of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is required for efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). DNA-PK also participates in protection of mammalian telomeres, the natural ends of chromosomes. Here we investigate whether the kinase activity of DNA-PK is similarly required for effective telomere protection. DNA-PK proficient mouse cells were exposed to a highly specific inhibitor of DNA-PK phosphorylation designated IC86621. Chromosomal end-to-end fusions were induced in a concentration-dependent manner, demonstrating that the telomere end-protection role of DNA-PK requires its kinase activity. These fusions were uniformly chromatid-type, consistent with a role for DNA-PK in capping telomeres after DNA replication. Additionally, fusions involved exclusively telomeres produced via leading-strand DNA synthesis. Unexpectedly, the rate of telomeric fusions induced by IC86621 exceeded that which occurs spontaneously in DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) mutant cells by up to 110-fold. One explanation, that IC86621 might inhibit other, as yet unknown proteins, was ruled out when the drug failed to induce fusions in DNA-PKcs knock-out mouse cells. IC86621 did not induce fusions in Ku70 knock-out cells suggesting the drug requires the holoenzyme to be effective. ATM also is required for effective chromosome end protection. IC86621 increased fusions in ATM knock-out cells suggesting DNA-PK and ATM act in different telomere pathways. These results indicate that the kinase activity of DNA-PK is crucial to reestablishing a protective terminal structure, specifically on telomeres replicated by leading-strand DNA synthesis. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. ICOS Corp, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. RP Goodwin, EH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM egoodwin@lanl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA77693, CA43322] NR 39 TC 54 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2003.10.013 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 776BD UT WOS:000189094400003 PM 15177038 ER PT J AU Ye, RQ Goodarzi, AA Kurz, EU Saito, S Higashimoto, Y Lavin, MF Appella, E Anderson, CW Lees-Miller, SP AF Ye, RQ Goodarzi, AA Kurz, EU Saito, S Higashimoto, Y Lavin, MF Appella, E Anderson, CW Lees-Miller, SP TI The isoflavonoids genistein and quercetin activate different stress signaling pathways as shown by analysis of site-specific phosphorylation of ATM, p53 and histone H2AX SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE p53; genistein; quercetin; isoflavonoid; DNA damage; phosphorylation ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HUMAN-MELANOMA CELLS; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; PROTEIN-KINASE; DNA-DAMAGE; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; IONIZING-RADIATION; CANCER CELLS; IN-VITRO; FLAVONOIDS AB The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is activated in response to ionizing radiation (IR) and activates downstream DNA-damage signaling pathways. Although the role of ATM in the cellular response to ionizing radiation has been well characterized, its role in response to other DNA-damaging agents is less well defined. We previously showed that genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavonoid, induced increased ATM protein kinase activity, ATM-dependent phosphorylation of p53 on serine 15 and activation of the DNA-binding properties of p53. Here. we show that genistein also induces phosphorylation of p53 at serines 6, 9, 20,46, and 392, and that genistein-induced accumulation and phosphorylation of p53 is reduced in two ATM-deficient human cell lines. Also, we show that genistein induces phosphorylation of ATM on serine 1981 and phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139. The related bioflavonoids, daidzein and biochanin A, did not induce either phosphorylation of p53 or ATM at these sites. Like genistein, quercetin induced phosphorylation of ATM on serine 198 1, and ATM-dependent phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139; however, p53 accumulation and phosphorylation on serines 6, 9, 15, 20, 46, and 392 occurred in ATM-deficient cells, indicating that ATM is not required for quercetin-induced phosphorylation of p53. Our data suggest that genistein and quercetin induce different DNA-damage induced signaling pathways that, in the case of genistein, are highly ATM-dependent but, in the case of quercetin, may be ATM-dependent only for some downstream targets. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. PO Royal Brisbane Hosp, Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lees-Miller, SP (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 3330 Hosp Dr,NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. EM leesmill@ucalgary.ca RI Lavin, Martin/F-5961-2014 OI Lavin, Martin/0000-0002-5940-4769 NR 44 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2003.10.014 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 776BD UT WOS:000189094400004 PM 15177039 ER PT J AU Zou, P Shu, JN Sears, TJ Hall, GE North, SW AF Zou, P Shu, JN Sears, TJ Hall, GE North, SW TI Photodissociation of bromoform at 248 nm: Single and multiphoton processes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODISSOCIATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; RADICALS; CHBR3; CH; COLLISIONS; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; PRODUCT AB We have performed photodissociation experiments on CHBr3 at 248 nm using VUV ionization photofragment translational spectroscopy. Prompt C-Br bond fission is the dominant single-photon dissociation channel. In addition to primary Br and CHBr2 signals, we observe Br, CHBr, CBr, HBr, and Br-2 products attributed to secondary photodissociation of CHBr2 and CHBr. There are three competing fragmentation channels from the photodissociation of CHBr2: CHBr + Br, CH + Br-2, and CBr + HBr. The conclusion that Br-2 fragments do not arise from a single-photon channel in appreciable yield is supported by transient FM absorption measurements of the CHBr radical. Because the molecular HBr and Br2 detachment channels are multiphoton processes, they will have very little impact on the atmospheric chemistry of CHBr3. We conclude that the most important photodissociation channel of CHBr3 in the UV region is C-Br bond breaking. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP North, SW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, POB 30012, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. EM swnorth@tamu.edu RI Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013; North, Simon/G-5054-2012; Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013 OI Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154; North, Simon/0000-0002-0795-796X; Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783 NR 34 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 9 BP 1482 EP 1488 DI 10.1021/jp0310394 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 800IG UT WOS:000220021400004 ER PT J AU Yan, WF Chen, B Mahurin, SM Hagaman, EW Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Yan, WF Chen, B Mahurin, SM Hagaman, EW Dai, S Overbury, SH TI Surface sol-gel modification of mesoporous silica materials with TiO2 for the assembly of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; METAL-OXIDES; FILMS; AG; AU; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; NANOWIRES; PRECISION AB The surface sol-gel method has been demonstrated to be an effective method for the modification of silica mesopore surfaces and the tuning of mesopore diameters. This layer-by-layer approach allows the control of mesopore diameters with monolayer precision. Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles were successfully prepared on surface-modified SBA-15 via a deposition-precipitation method. High catalytic activity for CO oxidation was found for such materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 41 TC 120 Z9 126 U1 8 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 9 BP 2793 EP 2796 DI 10.1021/jp037713z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 800II UT WOS:000220021600006 ER PT J AU Chari, K Kowalczyk, J Lal, J AF Chari, K Kowalczyk, J Lal, J TI Conformation of poly(ethylene oxide) in polymer-surfactant aggregates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; WATER; TEMPERATURE; MICELLES; ADSORPTION; VISCOSITY; BEHAVIOR; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) AB The influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the conformation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in water is studied using viscosity measurements and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The behavior, as a function of surfactant concentration above the critical aggregation concentration (CAC), can be described in terms of two separate regimes: an initial regime in which micelles are attached to the coils but are noninteracting and a second regime in which there is interaction between the attached micelles. The latter is characterized by a strong increase in viscosity and other features similar to polyelectrolytes. On the contrary, in the initial regime, our results suggest a slight decrease in coil size under ambient conditions and a much more significant decrease at elevated temperatures. The cloud point of PEO in water exhibits a minimum as a function of surfactant concentration. We believe the minimum in the cloud point corresponds to a crossover from the noninteracting to the interacting regime. C1 Eastman Kodak Co, Res & Dev Labs, Rochester, NY 14650 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chari, K (reprint author), Eastman Kodak Co, Res & Dev Labs, Rochester, NY 14650 USA. EM krishnan.chari@kodak.com NR 35 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 9 BP 2857 EP 2861 DI 10.1021/jp036709k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 800II UT WOS:000220021600017 ER PT J AU Liu, G Rodriguez, JA Chang, ZP Hrbek, J Peden, CHF AF Liu, G Rodriguez, JA Chang, ZP Hrbek, J Peden, CHF TI Adsorption and reaction of SO2 on model Ce-1-xZrxO2(111) catalysts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN STORAGE CAPACITY; MIXED-METAL OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CEO2(111) SURFACES; BASIC PRINCIPLES; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE; CERIA; CEO2 AB The interaction Of SO2 with ceria-zirconia model catalysts was studied using high-resolution synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Epitaxial Ce1-xZrxO2(111) (x = 0.1 and 0.3) thin films (500-700 A in thickness) were grown by oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on single-crystal Y-stabilized ZrO2(111). Slightly defective surfaces were achieved by vacuum annealing at 900 K, and highly defective surfaces with 0 vacancies were obtained by 1.5-keV Ne+ sputtering. On the slightly defective Ce0.9Zr0.1O1.95(111) and Ce0.7Zr0.3O1.95(111) surfaces, the only products upon SO2 adsorption at 300 K are SO4/SO3 species, which gradually desorb from the surface between 300 and 900 K. SO2 adsorption on the heavily reduced surfaces results in different behavior. A complex set of compounds is observed during adsorption and thermal conversion processes. The Cedelta+ states (delta less than or equal to 3) play a dominant role in the adsorption Of SO2 and cleavage of S-O bonds. The relative amount of sulfur-derived adsorbates depends on the defect concentration: the higher the Cedelta+ concentration, the larger the amount of formed atomic S. On Ce0.9Zr0.1O1.50(111) and Ce0.7Zr0.3O1.50(111) surfaces, sulfate, sulfite, and atomic sulfur species coexist at 300 K. The Zr cations increase the stability of the SO4/SO3 groups on the oxide surface. Thermal annealing (for Ce0.9Zr0.1O1.50(111), > 400 K; for Ce0.7Zr0.3O1.50(111), > 700 K) leads to the formation of oxy-sulfides (M2O2S, M= Ce.or Zr), which are converted from either sulfate or sulfite. The formation of the oxy-sulfides produces a substantial shift in the Zr 3d core levels. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11953 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11953 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 9 BP 2931 EP 2938 DI 10.1021/jp030808g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 800II UT WOS:000220021600027 ER PT J AU Micic, M Klymyshyn, N Lu, HP AF Micic, M Klymyshyn, N Lu, HP TI Finite element method simulations of the near-field enhancement at the vicinity of fractal rough metallic surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPE; RHODAMINE 6G MOLECULES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SINGLE-MOLECULE; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE; SERS; NANOPARTICLES; ANTENNAS; PROBES AB We report on (1) simulations of the influence of different surface morphologies on electromagnetic field enhancements at the rough surfaces of noble metals, and (2) the evaluations of the optimal conditions for the generation of a surface-enhanced Raman signal of absorbed species on a metallic substrate. All simulations were performed with a classical electrodynamics approach using the full set of Maxwell's equations that were solved with the three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). Two different classes of surfaces were modeled using fractals, representing dendritic and sponge-like structures. The simulations depict the high inhomogeneity of an enhanced electromagnetic field as that both a field enhancement and a field attenuation near the surface existed. While the dendritical fractals enhanced the local electromagnetic field, the spongelike fractals significantly reduced the local electromagnetic field intensity. Moreover, the fractal orders of the fractal objects did not significantly alter the total enhancement, and the distribution of a near-field enhancement was essentially invariant to the changes in the angle of an incoming laser beam. C1 PAcific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, HP (reprint author), PAcific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Peter.Lu@pnl.gov NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 9 BP 2939 EP 2947 DI 10.1021/jp030773k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 800II UT WOS:000220021600028 ER PT J AU Miyabe, K Guiochon, G AF Miyabe, K Guiochon, G TI Comparison of the characteristics of adsorption equilibrium and surface diffusion in liquid-solid and gas-solid adsorption on C-18-silica gels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; REVERSED-PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY; BONDED PHASES; MASS-TRANSFER; MOBILE-PHASE; LATERAL DIFFUSION; MOLECULAR-DIFFUSION; COLUMN TEMPERATURE; SOLVOPHOBIC THEORY; SOLUTE RETENTION AB Four parameters characterizing the adsorption equilibrium, surface diffusion, and related thermodynamic properties were derived from pulse-response experiments in various reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) systems using C-18-silica gels and aqueous solutions of three different organic modifiers, methanol, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran. The results were compared with corresponding data similarly measured by gas-solid chromatography on the same type of surface-modified silica gel, with helium. Information on the solvent effect on the adsorption characteristics was provided by the comparison of these experimental results. While the adsorption equilibrium constant and the heat of adsorption at infinite dilution were much larger in the gas-solid than in the RPLC system, the surface diffusion coefficient (D-s) and the activation energy of surface diffusion (E-s) were of the same order of magnitude in both systems. Regarding surface diffusion, the logarithm of the frequency factor was linearly correlated with E-s by the same straight line, suggesting the fundamental similarity of the surface diffusion mechanism in the gas-solid and liquid-solid systems. Calculations made on the basis of a surface-restricted diffusion model provide an explanation for the comparable values of D-s and E-s in the two systems. In conclusion, the liquid phase in RPLC influences the thermodynamic parameters of surface diffusion as well as those of adsorption equilibrium, but similar values of D-s and E-s are observed in both the two adsorption systems. A quantitative explanation of the similarities and differences of the characteristics and the mechanism of surface diffusion in gas-solid and liquid-solid adsorption systems is proposed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Nagoya Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4668555, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 77 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 9 BP 2987 EP 2997 DI 10.1021/jp0309421 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 800II UT WOS:000220021600034 ER PT J AU Laurence, TA Kapanidis, AN Kong, XX Chemla, DS Weiss, S AF Laurence, TA Kapanidis, AN Kong, XX Chemla, DS Weiss, S TI Photon arrival-time interval distribution (PAID): A novel tool for analyzing molecular interactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; CROSS-CORRELATION ANALYSIS; SINGLE-MOLECULE; FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; 2-PHOTON EXCITATION; DIFFUSING MOLECULES; COUNTING HISTOGRAM; RNA-POLYMERASE AB Photon arrival-time interval distribution (PAID) analysis is a new method for monitoring macromolecular interactions. PAID uses fluorescence fluctuations to extract simultaneously coincidence, brightness in multiple channels, diffusion time, and concentration of fluorescently labeled molecules diffusing in a confocal detection volume. PAID is based on recording arrival times of photons detected on one or more detection channels and plotting two-dimensional histograms of photon pairs, where one axis is the time interval between each pair of photons I and 2 (in general not consecutive or detected in the same channel) and the second axis is the number of other photons detected (not necessarily detected in the same channels as photons I and 2) in the time interval between detection of photons I and 2. PAID is related to fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) by a collapse of the PAID histogram onto the time interval axis. PAID extends auto- and cross-correlation FCS by measuring the brightness of fluorescent species. Studies of fluorescently labeled DNA demonstrate the capabilities of PAID to analyze interactions: PAID detected that DNA carrying two copies of the fluorophore Cy3B is twice as bright as DNA carrying only one copy (simulating dimer vs monomer). PAID also distinguished well between DNA carrying only one fluorophore (Cy3 or Cy5) and DNA carrying both Cy3 and Cy5 (simulating complex vs free components). Solutions containing mixtures of these DNA fragments were successfully analyzed. Studies of Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase-DNA interactions demonstrate the ability of PAID to analyze the complex mixtures expected in studies of macromolecular interactions. The statistical accuracy of PAID matches the accuracy of other fluorescence fluctuation methods while providing additional information. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Deffen Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Laurence, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Inst, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM laurence2@llnl.gov; sweiss@chem.ucla.edu RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X; weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426 NR 53 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 9 BP 3051 EP 3067 DI 10.1021/jp036499b PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 800II UT WOS:000220021600043 ER PT J AU Tyson, GW Chapman, J Hugenholtz, P Allen, EE Ram, RJ Richardson, PM Solovyev, VV Rubin, EM Rokhsar, DS Banfield, JF AF Tyson, GW Chapman, J Hugenholtz, P Allen, EE Ram, RJ Richardson, PM Solovyev, VV Rubin, EM Rokhsar, DS Banfield, JF TI Community structure and metabolism through reconstruction of microbial genomes from the environment SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; IN-SITU DETECTION; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; PHYLOGENETIC IDENTIFICATION; LEPTOSPIRILLUM-FERROOXIDANS; CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE; IRON; MICROORGANISMS; DIVERSITY; RUSTICYANIN AB Microbial communities are vital in the functioning of all ecosystems; however, most microorganisms are uncultivated, and their roles in natural systems are unclear. Here, using random shotgun sequencing of DNA from a natural acidophilic biofilm, we report reconstruction of near-complete genomes of Leptospirillum group II and Ferroplasma type II, and partial recovery of three other genomes. This was possible because the biofilm was dominated by a small number of species populations and the frequency of genomic rearrangements and gene insertions or deletions was relatively low. Because each sequence read came from a different individual, we could determine that single-nucleotide polymorphisms are the predominant form of heterogeneity at the strain level. The Leptospirillum group II genome had remarkably few nucleotide polymorphisms, despite the existence of low-abundance variants. The Ferroplasma type II genome seems to be a composite from three ancestral strains that have undergone homologous recombination to form a large population of mosaic genomes. Analysis of the gene complement for each organism revealed the pathways for carbon and nitrogen fixation and energy generation, and provided insights into survival strategies in an extreme environment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Banfield, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jill@eps.berkeley.edu RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Tyson, Gene/C-6558-2013; OI hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925; Solovyev, Victor/0000-0001-8885-493X NR 42 TC 1140 Z9 1234 U1 38 U2 347 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 428 IS 6978 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1038/nature02340 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 780GK UT WOS:000189363800028 PM 14961025 ER PT J AU Eskola, KJ Kolhinen, VJ Vogt, R AF Eskola, KJ Kolhinen, VJ Vogt, R TI Enhancement of charm quark production due to nonlinear corrections to the DGLAP equations SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC EP SCATTERING; SMALL-X; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; BOTTOM PRODUCTION; QCD; PHENOMENOLOGY; DEPENDENCE; COLLISIONS AB We have studied how parton distributions based on the inclusion of nonlinear scale evolution and constraints from HERA data affect charm production in pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 5.5, 8.8 and 14 TeV. We find that, while the resulting enhancement can be substantial, it is very sensitive to the charm quark mass and the scale entering the parton densities and the strong coupling constant. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Eskola, KJ (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, POB 35, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. EM kari.eskola@phys.jyu.fi; vesa.kolhinen@phys.jyu.fi; vogt@lbl.gov NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 582 IS 3-4 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.11.077 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 775ZT UT WOS:000189091100002 ER PT J AU Swanson, ES AF Swanson, ES TI Parity doubling in the meson spectrum SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; QUARK-MODEL; CHANNELS; I=1 AB A simple argument for the restoration of parity symmetry high in the hadron spectrum is presented. The restoration scale is estimated to be 2.5 GeV. This in turn implies that typical quark model phenomenology such as scalar confinement or the P-3(0) decay model are only useful for low lying states. Minimal requirements for constructing more general phenomenologies are discussed. An additional mass degeneracy between J(++) and J(--) states is shown to occur and an isovector 3(++) state is predicted at roughly 1700 MeV, in contradiction with the naive quark model. Similarly, isovector and isoscalar 4(--) states are predicted at 2000 MeV. Finally, these results imply that Regge trajectories must become nonlinear at high spin. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Swanson, ES (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM swansone@pitt.edu NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 582 IS 3-4 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.12.057 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 775ZT UT WOS:000189091100003 ER PT J AU Lakhina, O Swanson, ES AF Lakhina, O Swanson, ES TI Hybrid meson potentials and the gluonic van der Waals force SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARKONIUM; QCD VACUUM; QUARKS AB The chromoelectric polarizability of mesons governs the strength of the gluonic van der Waals force and therefore of non-quark-exchange processes in hadronic physics. We compute the polarizability of heavy mesons with the aid of lattice gauge theory and the Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic expansion. We find that the operator product expansion breaks down at surprisingly large quarks masses due to nonperturbative gluodynamics and that previous conclusions concerning J/psi-nuclear matter interactions and J/psi dissociation in the quark-gluon plasma must be substantially modified. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Swanson, ES (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM swansone+@pitt.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 582 IS 3-4 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.01.011 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 775ZT UT WOS:000189091100004 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ de Teramond, GR AF Brodsky, SJ de Teramond, GR TI Light-front hadron dynamics and AdS/CFT correspondence SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LARGE-MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; LARGE-ANGLE SCATTERING; N FIELD-THEORIES; STRING THEORY; FORM-FACTORS; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; THEORY CORRELATORS; SCALING LAWS AB A remarkable consequence of the AdS/CFT correspondence is the nonperturbative derivation of dimensional counting rules for hard scattering processes. Using string/gauge duality we derive the QCD power behavior of light-front Fock-state hadronic wavefunctions for hard scattering in the large-r region of the Ads space from the conformal isometries which determine the scaling of string states as we approach the boundary from the interior of Ads space. The nonperturbative scaling results are obtained for spin-zero and spin-1/2 hadrons and are extended to include the orbital angular momentum dependence of the constituents in the light-front Fock-expansion. The correspondence with string states is considered for hadronic states of arbitrary orbital angular momentum for a given hadron of spin less than or equal to 2. We examine the implications of the color configuration of hadronic Fock-states for the QCD structure of scattering amplitudes at large N-C. Quark interchange amplitudes emerge as the dominant large NC scattering mechanisms for conformal QCD. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM sjbth@slac.stanford.edu; gdt@asterix.crnet.cr NR 53 TC 167 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 4 PY 2004 VL 582 IS 3-4 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.12.050 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 775ZT UT WOS:000189091100009 ER PT J AU Sazykin, S Wolf, RA Spiro, RW Gombosi, TI DeZeeuw, DL Thomsen, MF AF Sazykin, S Wolf, RA Spiro, RW Gombosi, TI DeZeeuw, DL Thomsen, MF TI Interchange instability in the inner magnetosphere associated with geosynchronous particle flux decreases (vol 29, art no 1448, 2002) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Sazykin, S (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RI Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; Sazykin, Stanislav/C-3775-2008 OI Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Sazykin, Stanislav/0000-0002-9401-4248 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 5 AR L05803 DI 10.1029/2003GL019191 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 803HU UT WOS:000220223000005 ER PT J AU Turton, R Berry, DA Gardner, TH Miltz, A AF Turton, R Berry, DA Gardner, TH Miltz, A TI Evaluation of zinc oxide sorbents in a pilot-scale transport reactor: Sulfidation kinetics and reactor modeling SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GAS-SOLID REACTIONS; TITANATE SORBENTS; FLUIDIZED-BED; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; H2S REMOVAL; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; PORE MODEL; COAL-GAS; DESULFURIZATION AB Under conditions of negligible external mass-transfer resistance, kinetic studies on the sulfidation of zinc oxide were performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for three sorbent samples comprising approximately 60, 80, and 100 wt % zinc oxide with the balance being inert binder. The size range of particles for each sorbent was quite broad, with average diameters in the range of 60-80 mum. Conversion-time profiles were obtained for each sample of sorbent over the temperature range of 482-593 degreesC at 101.3 kPa pressure using between 0.5 and 2 vol % of hydrogen sulfide in nitrogen. Initial reaction rate data for the three sorbent samples were correlated on the basis of the surface area of zinc oxide available for reaction. For the 60 wt % zinc oxide sorbent, an additional series of experiments was performed on different size fractions. The conversion-time profiles for all size fractions were found to be essentially identical at 593 degreesC, confirming that intrapellet (between-grain) diffusion was not significant. The reaction of hydrogen sulfide with the zinc oxide sorbent and the diffusion of gas through the zinc sulfide product layer (within-grain diffusion) were modeled successfully using a grainy-pellet model with a bimodal size distribution of grains. Results were also obtained for repeated sulfidation runs in a 11.54-m-long, 0.84-cm-diameter transport reactor at a temperature of 538 degreesC and a pressure of 2.05 MPa, using the 60 and 80 wt % sorbents. A simple plug-flow model was developed to describe the sulfidation of the zinc oxide sorbents, and predictions from this model were found to be in close agreement with experimental results. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Parsons, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Turton, R (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM riturton@mail.wvu.edu NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1243 DI 10.1021/ie030364a PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 779UQ UT WOS:000189320100011 ER PT J AU Ally, MR Braunstein, J Baltus, RE Dai, S DePaoli, DW Simonson, JM AF Ally, MR Braunstein, J Baltus, RE Dai, S DePaoli, DW Simonson, JM TI Irregular ionic lattice model for gas solubilities in ionic liquids SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; WATER; SALT; EXTRACTION; CATALYSIS; SOLVENTS AB The irregular ionic lattice model (IILM) is applied to predict the vapor pressures and solubilities of carbon dioxide dissolved in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim] [PF6]) and in 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C8mim] [BF(4)]) ionic liquids at temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 333.15 K. The model contains only two parameters; they are shown to be independent of an arbitrarily chosen reference state. The parameters show a slight dependence on temperature, but this dependence is ignored in computations to demonstrate the rigor of the IILM in predicting CO(2) solubility at high and low pressures at various temperatures. Model predictions are compared against the experimental data of Anthony et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 7315) and of Blanchard et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 2437). The usefulness of the model is in predicting CO(2) solubilities at temperatures and pressures where experimental data are unavailable. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RP Ally, MR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Engn Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008,Bldg 3147,MS 6070, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM allymr@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1296 EP 1301 DI 10.1021/ie034077i PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 779UQ UT WOS:000189320100018 ER PT J AU Goldstein, J Sandel, BR Thomsen, MF Spasojevic, M Reiff, PH AF Goldstein, J Sandel, BR Thomsen, MF Spasojevic, M Reiff, PH TI Simultaneous remote sensing and in situ observations of plasmaspheric drainage plumes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasmasphere; inner magnetosphere; convection; plumes; flows; erosion ID GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; IMAGE SATELLITE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; PLASMAPAUSE; DENSITY; MAGNETOSPHERE; CONVECTION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB [1] Plasmaspheric drainage plumes are regions of dense plasma that extend outward from the plasmasphere into the outer magnetosphere. We present observations of plumes for two events, 2 June 2001 and 26 - 27 June 2000. Our observations come from two sources. A global perspective is provided by the IMAGE extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imager, which routinely obtains images of the helium portion of the plasmasphere above total densities of 30 - 50 e(-) cm(-3). Simultaneous in situ observations of plasmaspheric plumes are obtained by the Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer (MPA) instruments onboard the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) geosynchronous satellites. The in situ measurements of LANL MPA and the remote sensing images of IMAGE EUV are complementary data sets that together provide a more complete picture than either alone. The MPA instruments measure density far below the EUV effective density threshold with greater spatial resolution and often see plasma outside the EUV field of view. Flow speeds are also measurable by MPA. EUV images place the single-point measurements in a global dynamical context and allow separation of spatial and temporal effects. For the 2 June 2001 and 26 - 27 June 2000 events, both local and global measurements showed the same location, shape and temporal development of the plume(s), and a density distribution obtained from the EUV image at 0305 UT on 2 June agrees with the LANL MPA density recorded at that time. Analysis of MPA flow data verifies that plume plasma moves sunward, as expected. Sunward flow speeds weaken with decreasing disturbance level, and duskside flow speeds may be increased by the subauroral polarization stream. The fine-scale density variations within plumes may be caused by a highly structured inner magnetospheric E-field and/or may be existing plasma structure that is carried sunward. The good agreement between the local and global measurements also validates the EUV image mapping method and promises to help quantify EUV images in terms of number density. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Univ, Star Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. RP Goldstein, J (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM jgoldstein@swri.edu; sandel@arizona.edu; mthomsen@lanl.gov; mssm@nva.stanford.edu; reiff@rice.edu RI Reiff, Patricia/D-2564-2014 OI Reiff, Patricia/0000-0002-8043-5682 NR 40 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A3 AR A03202 DI 10.1029/2003JA010281 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 803JN UT WOS:000220227500004 ER PT J AU Hu, Q Smith, CW Ness, NF Skoug, RM AF Hu, Q Smith, CW Ness, NF Skoug, RM TI Multiple flux rope magnetic ejecta in the solar wind SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic clouds; ejecta; Grad-Shafranov equation; CMEs; data analysis ID MAGNETOPAUSE TRANSECTS; 1 AU; CLOUDS; RECONSTRUCTION; SPACECRAFT AB [1] Four magnetic flux rope events observed by Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE) in the solar wind at 1 AU are examined by the Grad-Shafranov reconstruction technique. Their 2 1/2 D cross sections obtained from magnetic field and plasma measurements show configurations of multiple, nonsymmetric, cylindrical flux ropes embedded within their boundaries. Each boundary is defined in consistency with two-dimensional magnetohydrostatic theory. Among the four events, three have double flux rope configurations, and the fourth is a triplet. Parameters characterizing the events are derived. The orientation of cylindrical axis is obtained, and associated uncertainty is estimated. All events have unidirectional axial magnetic field and axial currents. The total axial magnetic flux is of the order similar to 10(12) Wb, and the total axial current is of the order similar to 10(8) A. Each flux rope in the doubled flux rope pair and the triplet has the same chirality as its partner(s). Magnetic X points are formed between adjacent flux ropes on the plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis. One event with abrupt change in magnetic field direction and another related to energetic particles are discussed. C1 Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 1432 Geol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM qiang.hu@ucr.edu; rskoug@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A3 AR A03102 DI 10.1029/2003JA010101 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 803JN UT WOS:000220227500003 ER PT J AU Bai, LH Poston, JA Schunemann, PG Nagashio, K Feigelson, RS Giles, NC AF Bai, LH Poston, JA Schunemann, PG Nagashio, K Feigelson, RS Giles, NC TI Luminescence and optical absorption study of p-type CdGeAs2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GENERATION; CRYSTALS AB A photoluminescence (PL) study has been performed at liquid-helium temperature on a set of over 50 p-type bulk single-crystal samples of CdGeAs2. As part of the study, the effect of surface preparation on PL emission was evaluated. Room-temperature optical absorption measurements that monitored the intensity of the intervalence band transition peaking near 0.22 eV (i.e. 5.5 mum) were compared with the low-temperature PL data. Every sample exhibited a PL band near 0.35 eV related to a deep acceptor. A second PL band near 0.55 eV was present in all of the samples having a large absorption band, but was observed in only a few samples with an absorption coefficient less than 3 cm(-1) at 0.22 eV. We attribute this second band to donor-acceptor-pair recombination involving a shallow 120 meV acceptor and residual donor impurities. To produce low-absorption material for use in nonlinear optical devices, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of both acceptors or, alternatively, to dope with donor impurities that provide compensation. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Giles, NC (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM Nancy.Giles@mail.wvu.edu NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1279 EP 1286 AR PII S0953-8984(04)72165-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/8/011 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 806YZ UT WOS:000220470500017 ER PT J AU Posselt, M Gao, F Weber, WJ Belko, V AF Posselt, M Gao, F Weber, WJ Belko, V TI A comparative study of the structure and energetics of elementary defects in 3C-and 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; FORMATION ENERGIES; POTENTIALS; CARBON AB The potential non-equivalent defects in both 3C- and 4H-SiC are classified by a new method that is based on symmetry considerations. In 4H-SiC their number is considerably higher than in 3C-SiC, since the hexagonal symmetry leads to diversification. The different theoretical methods hitherto used to investigate defects in 3C-SiC are critically reviewed. Classical MD simulations with a recently developed interatomic potential are employed to investigate the stability, structure and energetics of the large number of non-equivalent defects that may exist in 4H-SiC. Most of the potential defect configurations in 4H-SiC are found to be stable. The interstitials between hexagonal and trigonal rings, which do not exist in 3C-SiC, are characteristic for 4H-SiC and other hexagonal polytypes. The structure and energetics of some complex and anisotropic dumbbells depend strongly on the polytype. On the other hand, polytypism does not have a significant influence on the properties of the more compact and isotropic defects, such as vacancies, antisites, hexagonal interstitials, and many dumbbells. The results allow conclusions to be drawn about the energy hierarchy of the defects. C1 Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Belarussian State Univ, Dept Math Phys, Minsk 220050, Byelarus. RP Posselt, M (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. EM M.Posselt@fz-rossendorf.de RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1307 EP 1323 AR PII S0953-8984(04)69813-4 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/8/015 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 806YZ UT WOS:000220470500021 ER PT J AU Li, WG Wang, HL AF Li, WG Wang, HL TI Oligomer-assisted synthesis of chiral polyaniline nanofibers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NANOCOMPOSITES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; POLYMER; ANILINE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MSJ-586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hwang@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 231 Z9 238 U1 5 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 8 BP 2278 EP 2279 DI 10.1021/ja039672q PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 779DE UT WOS:000189279700010 PM 14982411 ER PT J AU Yohannan, S Faham, S Yang, D Grosfeld, D Chamberlain, AK Bowie, JU AF Yohannan, S Faham, S Yang, D Grosfeld, D Chamberlain, AK Bowie, JU TI A C-alpha-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bond in a membrane protein is not stabilizing SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIORHODOPSIN C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Ctr Genom & Proteom, Inst Mol Biol,Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bowie, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Ctr Genom & Proteom, Inst Mol Biol,Dept Chem & Biochem, 655 Boyer Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bowie@mbi.ucla.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM63919] NR 12 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 8 BP 2284 EP 2285 DI 10.1021/ja0317574 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 779DE UT WOS:000189279700013 PM 14982414 ER PT J AU Hay, DNT Rickert, PG Seifert, S Firestone, MA AF Hay, DNT Rickert, PG Seifert, S Firestone, MA TI Thermoresponsive nanostructures by self-assembly of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-lipid conjugate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; COMPLEX FLUID; LIPOSOMES; COPOLYMERS; SCATTERING; OLIGOMERS; POLYMER; WATER; CHAIN C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Firestone, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM firestone@anl.gov NR 25 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 8 BP 2290 EP 2291 DI 10.1021/ja039023e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 779DE UT WOS:000189279700016 PM 14982417 ER PT J AU Xiao, ZL Han, CY Kwok, WK Wang, HW Welp, U Wang, J Crabtree, GW AF Xiao, ZL Han, CY Kwok, WK Wang, HW Welp, U Wang, J Crabtree, GW TI Tuning the architecture of mesostructures by electrodeposition SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; ZNO NANOSTRUCTURES; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; NANOWIRES; ARRAYS; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; NANOBELTS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xiao, ZL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xiao@anl.gov NR 28 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 8 BP 2316 EP 2317 DI 10.1021/ja0315154 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 779DE UT WOS:000189279700029 PM 14982430 ER PT J AU Nedeljkovic, JM Micic, OI Ahrenkiel, SP Miedaner, A Nozik, AJ AF Nedeljkovic, JM Micic, OI Ahrenkiel, SP Miedaner, A Nozik, AJ TI Growth of InP nanostructures via reaction of indium droplets with phosphide ions: Synthesis of InP quantum rods and InP-TiO2 composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; NANOCRYSTALS; PARTICLES; DOTS; NANOPARTICLES; SHAPE; CDSE AB InP quantum rods were synthesized via the reaction of monodispersed colloidal indium droplets with phosphide ions. In-0 droplets, which do not act as a catalyst but rather a reactant, are completely consumed. The excess electrons that are produced in this reaction are most likely transferred to an oxide layer at the indium surface. For the synthesis of InP quantum rods with a narrow size distribution, a narrow size distribution of In-0 particles is also required because each indium droplet serves as a template to strictly limit the lateral growth of individual InP nanocrystals. Free-standing quantum rods, 60, 120, or 150 Angstrom in diameter, with aspect ratios of 1.6-3.5, and without the residual metallic catalyst at the rod tip, were synthesized from the diluted transparent solution of metallic indium particles. The same approach was used to synthesize InAs quantum rods. A photoactive InP-TiO2 composite was also prepared by the same chemical procedure; InP nanocrystals grow as well-defined spherical or slightly elongated shapes on the TiO2 surface. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Micic, OI (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM olga_micic@nrel.gov RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 27 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 3 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 8 BP 2632 EP 2639 DI 10.1021/ja039311a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 779DE UT WOS:000189279700072 PM 14982473 ER PT J AU Eswaramoorthy, S Kumaran, D Keller, J Swaminathan, S AF Eswaramoorthy, S Kumaran, D Keller, J Swaminathan, S TI Role of metals in the biological activity of clostridium botulinum neurotoxins SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL PROTEIN TOXINS; LIGHT-CHAIN; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TETANUS TOXIN; ZINC-BINDING; DIFFRACTION DATA; SPINAL-CORD; PH; THERMOLYSIN AB Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins are the most potent toxins to humans and cause paralysis by blocking neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic nerve terminals. The toxicity involves four steps, viz., binding to neuronal cells, internalization, translocation, and catalytic activity. While the catalytic activity is a zinc endopeptidase activity on the SNARE complex proteins, the translocation is believed to be a pH-dependent process allowing the translocation domain to change its conformation to penetrate the endosomal membrane. Here, we report the crystal structures of botulinum neurotoxin type B at various pHs and of an apo form of the neurotoxin, and discuss the role of metal ions and the effect of pH variation in the biological activity. Except for the perturbation of a few side chains, the conformation of the catalytic domain is unchanged in the zinc-depleted apotoxin, suggesting that zinc's role is catalytic. We have also identified two calcium ions in the molecule and present biochemical evidence to show that they play a role in the translocation of the light chain through the membrane. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US FDA, Lab Bacterial Toxins, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM swami@bnl.gov NR 53 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 2 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2209 EP 2216 DI 10.1021/bi035844k PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 777PA UT WOS:000189185700008 PM 14979717 ER PT J AU Cooley, JW Roberts, AG Bowman, MK Kramer, DM Daldal, F AF Cooley, JW Roberts, AG Bowman, MK Kramer, DM Daldal, F TI The raised midpoint potential of the [2Fe2S] cluster of cytochrome bc1 is mediated by both the Q(o) site occupants and the head domain position of the Fe-S protein subunit SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN; CAPSULATUS BC(1) COMPLEX; UBIHYDROQUINONE OXIDATION SITE; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-SPHAEROIDES; UBIQUINOL OXIDATION; B(6)F COMPLEX; ENERGY-CONVERSION; 2FE-2S CLUSTER AB We have previously reported that mutant strains of Rhodobacter capsulatus that have alanine insertions (+nAla mutants) in the hinge region of the iron sulfur (Fe-S) containing subunit of the bc(1) complex have increased redox midpoint potentials (E-m) for their [2Fe2S] clusters. The alteration of the Em in these strains, which contain mutations far from the metal binding site, implied that the local environment of the metal center is indirectly altered by a change in the interaction of this subunit with the hydroquinone oxidizing (Q(o)) site [Darrouzet, E., Valkova-Valchanova, M., and Daldal, F. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277 3464-3470]. Subsequently, the E-m changes have been proposed to be predominantly due to a stronger or more stabilized hydrogen bonding between the reduced [2Fe2S] cluster and the Q(o) site inhabitant ubiquinone (Q) [Shinkarev, V. P., Kolling, D. R. J., Miller, T. J., and Crofts, A. R. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 14372-14382]. To further investigate this issue, Fe-S protein-Q interactions were monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and the findings indicated that the wild type and mutant proteins interactions with Q are similar. Moreover, when the Q(pool) was chemically depleted, the E-m of the [2Fe2S] cluster in mutant bc(1) complexes remained more positive than a similarly treated native enzyme (e.g., the [2Fe2S] E-m of the +2Ala mutant was 55 mV more positive than the wild type). These data suggest that the increased E of the [2Fe2S] cluster in the +nAla mutants is in part due to the cluster's interaction with Q, and in part to additional factors that are independent of hydrogen bonding to Q. One such factor, the possibility of a different position of the Fe-S at the Q(0) site of the mutant proteins versus the native enzyme, was addressed by determining the orientation of the [2Fe2S] cluster in the membrane using EPR spectroscopy. In the case of the +2Ala mutant, the [2Fe2S] cluster orientation in the absence of inhibitor is different than that seen in the native enzyme. However, the +2AIa mutant cluster shared a similar orientation with the native enzyme when both samples were exposed to either stigmatellin or myxothiazol. In addition, Q(pool) extracted membranes of +2Ala mutant exhibited fewer overall orientations, with the predominant one being more similar to that observed in the non-Q-depleted membranes of the +2Ala mutant than the Q-depleted membranes of a wild-type strain. Therefore, additional component(s) that are independent of Q(o) site inhabitants and that originate from the newly observed orientations of the [2Fe2S] clusters in the +nAla mutants also contribute to the increased midpoint potentials of their [2Fe2S] clusters. While the molecular basis of these components remains to be determined. salient implications of these findings in terms of Q(o) site catalysis are discussed. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Inst Plant Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Battelle NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Daldal, F (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Inst Plant Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM fdaldal@sas.upenn.edu RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 38237, GM 61904, R01 GM038237, GM 65791] NR 41 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 2 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 2217 EP 2227 DI 10.1021/bi035938u PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 777PA UT WOS:000189185700009 PM 14979718 ER PT J AU Hedstrom, JA Toney, MF Huang, E Kim, HC Volksen, W Magbitang, T Miller, RD AF Hedstrom, JA Toney, MF Huang, E Kim, HC Volksen, W Magbitang, T Miller, RD TI Pore morphologies in disordered nanoporous thin films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WAVE MODEL; MICROEMULSIONS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Materials with nanometer size heterogeneities are commonplace in the chemical and biological sciences (e.g, polymer blends, microemulsions, gels) and often exhibit complex morphologies. Although this morphology has a dramatic effect on the materials' properties, it is often difficult to accurately characterize. We describe a method, using small-angle X-ray scattering data, of generating representative three dimensional morphologies of isotropic two-phase materials where the morphology is disordered, and we apply this to thin films containing nanometer sized pores with a range of porosities (4-44%). These representations provide a visualization of the pore morphology, give the pore size scale and extent of interconnection, and permit the determination of the transitions from closed pore to interconnected pores to bicontinuous morphology. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Toney, MF (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mftoney@slac.stanford.edu NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 2 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1535 EP 1538 DI 10.1021/la0351515 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 778KV UT WOS:000189241500001 PM 15801408 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Trainor, TP Fitts, JP Chambers, SA Brown, GE AF Bargar, JR Trainor, TP Fitts, JP Chambers, SA Brown, GE TI In situ grazing-incidence extended X-ray absorption fine structure study of Pb(II) chemisorption on hematite (0001) and (1-102) surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; INCIDENCE XAFS SPECTROSCOPY; GOETHITE ALPHA-FEOOH; METAL-OXIDE; SORPTION PRODUCTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; ALPHA-FE2O3(0001) AB The dominant mode of binding of aqueous Pb(II) to single-crystal (0001) (C-cut) and (1-102) (R-cut) surfaces of alpha-Fe2O3 has been determined by grazing-incidence X-ray absorption fine structure (GI-XAFS) spectroscopy. Oligomeric Pb(II) complexes were found to bind in inner-sphere modes on both surfaces, which is in contrast with the binding of aqueous Pb(II) on alpha-Al2O3 (0001) surfaces, where Pb(II) was found in past GI-XAFS studies to bind in a dominantly outer-sphere mode, indicating a significant difference in reactivity of these two surfaces to Pb(II). This difference in reactivity to Pb(II) is explained on the basis of recent crystal truncation rod diffraction studies of the alpha-Fe2O3 and alpha-Al2O3 C-cut surfaces in contact with bulk water, which found major structural differences between the surfaces of these two metal oxides. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bargar, JR (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bargar@slac.stanford.edu RI Fitts, Jeffrey/J-3633-2012 NR 44 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 2 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1667 EP 1673 DI 10.1021/la0354133 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 778KV UT WOS:000189241500020 ER PT J AU Bartlett, RA Waanders, BGV Heroux, MA AF Bartlett, RA Waanders, BGV Heroux, MA TI Vector reduction/transformation operators SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; design; performance; standardization; optimization; object-orientation; vectors; interfaces AB Development of flexible linear algebra interfaces is an increasingly critical issue. Efficient and expressive interfaces are well established for some linear algebra abstractions, but not for vectors. Vectors differ from other abstractions in the diversity of necessary operations, sometimes requiring dozens for a given algorithm (e.g. interior-point methods for optimization). We discuss a new approach based on operator objects that are transported to the underlying data by the linear algebra library implementation, allowing developers of abstract numerical algorithms to easily extend the functionality regardless of computer architecture, application or data locality/organization. Numerical experiments demonstrate efficient implementation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bartlett, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rabart@sandia.gov; bartv@sandia.gov; mheroux@cs.sandia.gov OI Heroux, Michael/0000-0002-5893-0273 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 30 IS 1 BP 62 EP 85 DI 10.1145/974781.974785 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 804LM UT WOS:000220300200004 ER PT J AU Adams, BW AF Adams, BW TI Time-dependent Takagi-Taupin eikonal theory of X-ray diffraction in rapidly changing crystal structures SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL DYNAMICAL THEORY; DISTORTED CRYSTALS; PENDELLOSUNG FRINGES; ULTRASONIC EXCITATION; DEFORMED CRYSTAL; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ROCKING CURVES; WAVE FIELDS; PULSES; PROPAGATION AB The Takagi-Taupin theory is extended by synthesizing it with the eikonal theory in a unified space - time approach based upon microscopic electromagnetism. The principal goal is the description of X-ray diffraction in a crystal undergoing subpicosecond and few-femtosecond changes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adams, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM adams@aps.anl.gov NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD MAR PY 2004 VL 60 BP 120 EP 133 DI 10.1107/S0108767303025881 PN 2 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 774AY UT WOS:000188958600004 PM 14966323 ER PT J AU Daniels, BV Jiang, JS Fu, D AF Daniels, BV Jiang, JS Fu, D TI Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the Escherichia coli water channel AqpZ SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; FAMILY; TRANSPORT AB AqpZ is a 24 kDa integral membrane protein that facilitates water movement across the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli. In this study, the first crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of AqpZ are described. AqpZ was overexpressed and purified with a yield of 13 mg of purified AqpZ per litre of cell culture. The purified AqpZ was shown to be a monodisperse species consisting of tetrameric protein-detergent complexes. A crystallization condition for producing diffraction-quality crystals was identified. Initial X-ray analysis indicated that the diffraction limit of AqpZ extended to 3.6 Angstrom. Crystals were found to belong to space groups P4(1)22 or P4(3)22, with unit-cell parameters a=b=119.04, c=380.23 Angstrom. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fu, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dax@bnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM65137] NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 60 BP 561 EP 563 DI 10.1107/S090744490302972X PN 3 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 778CQ UT WOS:000189221900031 PM 14993693 ER PT J AU Bellamy, HD Snell, EH Lovelace, J Pokross, M Borgstahl, GEO AF Bellamy, HD Snell, EH Lovelace, J Pokross, M Borgstahl, GEO TI The high-mosaicity illusion: revealing the true physical characteristics of macromolecular crystals (vol D56, pg 986, 2000) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NASA, Struct Biol Lab, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Borgstahl, GEO (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM gborgstahl@unmc.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 60 BP 619 EP 619 DI 10.1107/S0907444904002604 PN 3 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 778CQ UT WOS:000189221900052 ER PT J AU Awes, TC AF Awes, TC CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Recent results on high p(Tau) particle production from the PHENIX experiment SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Mazurian-Lakes-School-of-Physics Conference CY AUG 31-SEP 07, 2003 CL Krzyze, POLAND SP Warsaw Univ, Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, Mazurian Lake Sch Phys ID QCD; COLLISIONS AB Particles with large transverse momentum (P-T) produced during the initial phase of a nuclear collision can be used to probe the dense excited matter created during the collision process. The P-T spectra of neutral pions and charged hadrons in Au+Au and d + Au collisions GeV are compared to p + p spectra at the same roots(NN). In central Au+Au collisions a factor of 4-5 suppression of high p(T) neutral pion and charged hadron yields is observed compared to expectations from scaled p+p results. No suppression of high P-T particles is observed in d + Au collisions, suggesting that the observed suppression in central Au+Au collisions is due to the produced dense matter. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Awes, TC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM awes@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLONSKIEGO PI KRAKOW PA UL GRODZKA 26, KRAKOW, 31044, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1081 EP 1089 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 809VU UT WOS:000220665000016 ER PT J AU Michel, N Nazarewicza, W Okolowicz, J Ploszajczak, M Rotureau, J AF Michel, N Nazarewicza, W Okolowicz, J Ploszajczak, M Rotureau, J TI Shell model description of nuclei far from stability SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Mazurian-Lakes-School-of-Physics Conference CY AUG 31-SEP 07, 2003 CL Krzyze, POLAND SP Warsaw Univ, Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, Mazurian Lake Sch Phys ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; EXPANSIONS; STATE AB We shall discuss most recent advances in the description of weakly bound and unbound nuclear states using either a real ensemble representing (quasi-) bound single-particle states and scattering states (Shell Model Embedded in the Continuum) or a complex Berggren ensemble representing bound single-particle states, single-particle resonances, and non-resonant continuum states (the so-called Gamow Shell Model). C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. CNRS, CEA, DSM, Grand Accelerateur Natl Ions Lourds, F-14076 Caen 05, France. Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. RP Michel, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM witek@utkux.utcc.utk.edu; rotureau@ganil.fr RI rotureau, jimmy/B-2365-2013 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLONSKIEGO PI KRAKOW PA UL GRODZKA 26, KRAKOW, 31044, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1249 EP 1261 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 809VU UT WOS:000220665000032 ER PT J AU Mortveit, HS Reidys, CM AF Mortveit, HS Reidys, CM TI Reduction of discrete dynamical systems over graphs SO ADVANCES IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE sequential dynamical systems; graph morphisms; covering maps; phase space embeddings; reduction ID ACYCLIC ORIENTATIONS; EQUIVALENCE; SIMULATION; ELEMENTS AB In this paper we study phase space relations in a certain class of discrete dynamical systems over graphs. The systems we investigate are called Sequential Dynamical Systems (SDSs), which are a class of dynamical systems that provide a framework for analyzing computer simulations. Specifically, an SDS consists of (i) a finite undirected graph Y with vertex set {1, 2,..., n} where each vertex has associated a binary state, (ii) a collection of Y-local functions (F-i,F-Y)i(epsilonv[Y]) with F-i,F-Y: F-2(n) --> F-2(n) and (iii) a permutation pi of the vertices of Y. The SDS induced by (i)-(iii) is the map [F-Y, pi] = F-pi(n),F-Y (.....) F-pi(1),F-Y. The paper is motivated by a general reduction theorem for SDSs which guarantees the existence of a phase space embedding induced by a covering map between the base graphs of two SDSs. We use this theorem to obtain information about phase spaces of certain SDSs over binary hypercubes from the dynamics of SDSs over complete graphs. We also investigate covering maps over binary hypercubes, Q(2)(n), and circular graphs, Circ(n). In particular we show that there exists a covering map phi: Q(2)(n) --> Kn+1 if and only if 2(n) equivalent to 0 mod n + 1. Furthermore, we provide an interpretation of a class of invertible SDSs over circle graphs as right-shifts of length n - 2 over {0, 1}(2n-2). The paper concludes with a brief discussion of how we can extend a given covering map to a covering map over certain extended graphs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mortveit, HS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-5,MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0219-5259 J9 ADV COMPLEX SYST JI Adv. Complex Syst. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1142/S0219525904000032 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 850HO UT WOS:000223602000001 ER PT J AU Palumbo, AV McCarthy, JF Amonette, JE Fisher, LS Wullschleger, SD Daniels, WL AF Palumbo, AV McCarthy, JF Amonette, JE Fisher, LS Wullschleger, SD Daniels, WL TI Prospects for enhancing carbon sequestration and reclamation of degraded lands with fossil-fuel combustion by-products SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE carbon sequestration; degraded lands; fossil-fuel by-products; soil organic matter; land restoration ID COAL FLY-ASH; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ACID FOREST SOILS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; NITROUS-OXIDE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; AGROPYRON ELONGATUM; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; KYOTO PROTOCOL; AMENDED SOILS AB Concern for the potential global change consequences of increasing atmospheric CO(2) has prompted interest in the development of mechanisms to reduce or stabilize atmospheric CO(2). During the next several decades, a program focused on terrestrial sequestration processes could make a significant contribution to abating CO(2) increases. The reclamation of degraded lands, such as mine-spoil sites, highway rights-of-way, and poorly managed lands, represents an opportunity to couple C sequestration with the use of fossil-fuel and energy by-products and other waste material, such as biosolids and organic wastes from human and animal sewage treatment facilities, to improve soil quality. Degraded lands are often characterized by acidic pH, low levels of key nutrients, poor soil structure, and limited moisture-retention capacity. Much is known about the methods to improve these soils, but the cost of implementation is often a limiting factor. However, the additional financial and environmental benefits of C sequestration may change the economics of land reclamation activities. The addition of energy-related by-products can address the adverse conditions of these degraded lands through a variety of mechanisms, such as enhancing plant growth and capturing of organic C in long-lived soil C pools. This review examines the use of fossil-fuel combustion by-products and organic amendments to enhance C sequestration and identifies the key gaps in information that still must be addressed before these methods can be implemented on an environmentally meaningful scale. (C) 2002 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Palumbo, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM palumboav@ornl.gov RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446 NR 117 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 425 EP 438 AR PII S1093-0191(02)00124-7 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00124-7 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 774UY UT WOS:000189004900015 ER PT J AU Kong, IC Suh, H Yang, Z Burlage, RS AF Kong, IC Suh, H Yang, Z Burlage, RS TI A bioluminescent reporter strain utilizing the lower pathway promoter (P-m) of the xyl operon of Pseudomonas: optimization of a bioassay for m-toluate SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioluminescence; bioreporter; genetically modified ID TOL PLASMID; CONTAMINANTS AB A genetically modified strain of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 containing the intact TOL plasmid and a plasmid with the P.-lux gene has been constructed. The bioluminescence activity of this strain was tested using seven organic compounds and derivatives, including m-toluate. Gene expression was monitored on the basis of the maximum light production of the strain after the addition of the inducer. The magnitude of the bioluminescent response was determined for each compound, revealing the following order: m-methyl benzyl alcohol > m-toluate > toluene > mxylene > benzoate > p-xylene > o-xylene. Bioluminescence activity of the strain was also determined under different conditions of temperature, medium composition, additional carbon sources, nitrogen and phosphate. These results showed the importance of above conditions on the bioluminescence activity of tested strain. These results demonstrate the capability of such a constructed strain to detect a group of structurally related environmental contaminants and suggest the potential for its use as a rapid field analytical tool. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Gyungsan City 712749, Gyungbuk, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hlth Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. RP Burlage, RS (reprint author), Yeungnam Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Gyungsan City 712749, Gyungbuk, South Korea. EM ickong@yu.ac.kr NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(03)00037-6 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 774UY UT WOS:000189004900028 ER PT J AU Stephens, JR AF Stephens, JR TI Development of aerosol monitoring instrument and results from monitoring emissions of contained detonations SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To determine the airborne emissions that occur when conventional munitions are destroyed by open burn/open detonation (OB/OD), munitions shots were carried out in a large underground (4650 m(3)) chamber. Carrying out the tests in a chamber allows the total emissions to be measured, which is not possible in open-air testing. We report here the development of an instrument to measure the time-dependent mass concentration and aerosol size distribution of respirable aerosols (<10 μm) from detonations of artillery projectiles in the underground chamber. The instrument incorporates an on-line diluter and real-time cascade impactor for aerosol monitoring. Design, flow modeling, construction details, and results from the instrument are given. Particulate emissions from detonations of twenty four 155 mm artillery projectiles, with a total of 377 lbs net explosive weight, were monitored. Aerosol measurements from the two duplicate tests were very similar. Aerosol mass concentrations showed rapid decreases from 37,000 and 65,000 μg/m(3) for the first samples for the two tests, 14 and 17 min after detonation, to near 20,000 μg/m(3) at 20 min after each detonation. Thereafter the concentration decreased less rapidly to several thousand μg/m(3) at 90 min after the detonation. Aerosol mass concentrations peaked in the 0.3-0.6 μm diameter range during the first 30-60 min of sampling and shifted to smaller particles (<0.3 mum) toward the end of the sampling period (90 min) as turbulence decreased in the detonation chamber and large particles settled out. The data were highly reproducible between the two tests, indicating that the instrument performed satisfactorily. The data will be used to help determine the characteristics of dust emitted from OB/OD shots for munitions demilitarization and will provide a baseline for designing future studies to monitor the airborne emissions from full-scale open-air munitions demilitarization tests. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stephens, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J-565, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM JRS@LANL.GOV NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 236 EP 246 DI 10.1080/02786820490271699 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 763GV UT WOS:000188067300006 ER PT J AU Grinstein, FF AF Grinstein, FF TI Introduction: Boundary conditions for large eddy simulation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Grinstein, FF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, IGPP, MS C305, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 437 EP 437 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 803MJ UT WOS:000220234900001 ER PT J AU Mihlbachler, K Seidel-Morgenstern, A Guiochon, G AF Mihlbachler, K Seidel-Morgenstern, A Guiochon, G TI Detailed study of Troger's base separation by SMB process SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED MOVING-BED; ANNULAR CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPETITIVE ISOTHERMS; CHIRAL SEPARATION; COLUMN SET; ENANTIOMERS; ADSORPTION; PERFORMANCE; COUNTERCURRENT; ENANTIOSEPARATION AB This investigation of the separation of Troger's base by the SMB process demonstrates: (1) the major importance of a proper modeling of the separation in order to determine the optimal operating conditions; (2) the need of an accurate modeling of the adsorption isotherms of the feed components. The adsorption of Troger's base onto the stationary phase ChiralPak AD was successfully described by multilayer adsorption isotherm models. Due to the complexity of these models, the region of suitable operating parameters cannot be determined algebraically by the equilibrium theory. As an alternative, the equilibrium-dispersive model, and a reliable numerical algorithm were used to scan a wide operating region, and to define this separation area. To verify the results of these calculations, the separation area was also experimentally detected by performing measurements of product purity and production rate for selected operating points. The combination of a UV detector and a polarimeter allows the accurate monitoring of the internal concentration profiles of both enantiomers. These profiles were compared to the profiles calculated using the multilayer adsorption isotherm models. In addition, the influence of the heterogeneity of the column set on the performance of the SMB process, is studied. Even under strongly nonlinear conditions, excellent agreements between calculated and experimental profiles were obtained. (C) 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Otto Von Guericke Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Magdeburg, Germany. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mihlbachlerka@lilly.com; guiochon@utk.edu OI Seidel-Morgenstern, Andreas/0000-0001-8595-7810 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 BP 611 EP 624 DI 10.1002/aic.10055 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 806LV UT WOS:000220436300008 ER PT J AU Tran, TTH Maljkovic, I Swartling, S Cam, PD Chiodi, F Leitner, T AF Tran, TTH Maljkovic, I Swartling, S Cam, PD Chiodi, F Leitner, T TI HIV-1CRF01_AE in intravenous drug users in Hanoi, Vietnam SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HIV TYPE-1; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; NORTHERN THAILAND; SEX WORKERS; SUBTYPE-A; RECOMBINANT; REGIONS; SPREAD; CHINA; ASIA AB To investigate the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Hanoi we collected 17 samples from individuals living in 12 locations in and around Hanoi. The HIV-1 env V3 and gag p17 regions were directly sequenced from the proviral PBMC population. The majority of the IDUs were infected with HIV-1 CRF01_AE and one individual carried a p17/V3 CRF01/subtype C recombinant. The CRF01 viruses found among these individuals did not seem to be directly epidemiologically linked to each other. The sequences were, however, related to previously reported CRF01 sequences from Vietnam and China. Thus, IDUs in Hanoi seem to have derived their infections in Vietnam, but not from the same source. The discovery of the CRF01/C recombinant shows that new viral forms easily can be generated in IDU transmission chains. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, HIV Sequence Database, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp T10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, S-17182 Solna, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Microbiol & Tumorbiol Ctr, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Leitner, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, HIV Sequence Database, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp T10, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tkl@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 341 EP 345 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 811XS UT WOS:000220805200012 PM 15117458 ER PT J AU Savage, VM Gillooly, JF Brown, JH West, GB Charnov, EL AF Savage, VM Gillooly, JF Brown, JH West, GB Charnov, EL TI Effects of body size and temperature on population growth SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE allometric scaling; population growth; body size; temperature; population dynamics; r(max); carrying capacity ID NATURAL MORTALITY; LIFE-HISTORY; PARAMETERS; MASS; PHYTOPLANKTON; PATTERNS; NETWORKS; KINETICS; ECOLOGY; DENSITY AB For at least 200 years, since the time of Malthus, population growth has been recognized as providing a critical link between the performance of individual organisms and the ecology and evolution of species. We present a theory that shows how the intrinsic rate of exponential population growth,, and the carrying capacity, r(max) K, depend on individual metabolic rate and resource supply rate. To do this, we construct equations for the metabolic rates of entire populations by summing over individuals, and then we combine these population- level equations with Malthusian growth. Thus, the theory makes explicit the relationship between rates of resource supply in the environment and rates of production of new biomass and individuals. These individual-level and population- level processes are inextricably linked because metabolism sets both the demand for environmental resources and the resource allocation to survival, growth, and reproduction. We use the theory to make explicit how and why r(max) exhibits its characteristic dependence on body size and temperature. Data for aerobic eukaryotes, including algae, protists, insects, zooplankton, fishes, and mammals, support these predicted scalings for r(max). The metabolic flux of energy and materials also dictates that the carrying capacity or equilibrium density of populations should decrease with increasing body size and increasing temperature. Finally, we argue that body mass and body temperature, through their effects on metabolic rate, can explain most of the variation in fecundity and mortality rates. Data for marine fishes in the field support these predictions for instantaneous rates of mortality. This theory links the rates of metabolism and resource use of individuals to life-history attributes and population dynamics for a broad assortment of organisms, from unicellular organisms to mammals. C1 Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Savage, VM (reprint author), Santa Fe Inst, 1399 Hyde Pk Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. EM van@santafe.edu NR 43 TC 335 Z9 350 U1 22 U2 254 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 163 IS 3 BP 429 EP 441 DI 10.1086/381872 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 804DY UT WOS:000220280600010 PM 15026978 ER PT J AU Hoyt, DW Burton, SD Peterson, MR Myers, JD Chin, G AF Hoyt, DW Burton, SD Peterson, MR Myers, JD Chin, G TI Expanding your laboratory by accessing collaboratory resources SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hoyt, DW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sarah.burton@pnl.gov RI Hoyt, David/H-6295-2013; OI Myers, James/0000-0001-8462-650X NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 378 IS 6 BP 1408 EP 1410 DI 10.1007/s00216-003-2428-6 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 809UO UT WOS:000220661800005 PM 15214403 ER PT J AU Klunder, GL Grant, PM Andresen, BD Russo, RE AF Klunder, GL Grant, PM Andresen, BD Russo, RE TI Direct chemical analysis of solids by laser ablation in an ion storage time-of-flight mass spectrometer SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLES AB A laser ablation/ionization mass spectrometer system is described for the direct analysis of solids, particles, and fibers. The system uses a quadrupole ion trap operated in an ion storage mode, coupled with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer). The sample is inserted radially into the ring electrode, and an imaging system allows direct viewing and selected analysis of the sample. Measurements identified trace contaminants of Ag, Sn, and Sb in a Pb target with single laser shot experiments. Resolution (m/Deltam) of 1500 and detection limits of similar to10 pg have been achieved with a single laser pulse. The system configuration and related operating principles for accurately measuring low concentrations of isotopes are described. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM klunder@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1249 EP 1256 DI 10.1021/ac0303261 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 779BE UT WOS:000189275100010 PM 14987078 ER PT J AU Maizels, M Budde, WL AF Maizels, M Budde, WL TI A LC/MS method for the determination of cyanobacteria toxins in water SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; ION ELECTROSPRAY; EXTRACTION; PEPTIDES; HEPATOTOXINS; HERBICIDES; ACID; NODULARINS AB The cyanobacteria toxins anatoxin-a, microcystin-IR, microcystin-RR, microcystin-YR, and nodularin were separated in less than 30 min on several 1 min x 15 cm reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) columns, and their electrospray mass spectra were measured using injections of 50 ng or less with a benchtop time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. New data from this work include the following: (a) the impact of acetic acid concentrations in the methanol-water mobile phase on measured ion abundances; (b) the performance of the electrospray-TOF mass spectrometer as an LC detector; (c) the accuracy and precision of exact m/z measurements after LC separation with a routinely used mass spectrometer resolving power of 5000; and (d) recoveries of the five toxins from reagent water, river waters, and sewage treatment plant effluent samples extracted with G 18 silica particles enmeshed in thin Teflon membrane filter disks. Ibis technique has the potential of providing a relatively simple and reasonable-cost sample preparation and LC/MS method that provides the sensitivity, selectivity, reliability, and information content needed for source and drinking water occurrence and human exposure studies. C1 US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Budde, WL (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin L King Jr Dr,MS-593, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM budde.william@epa.gov NR 32 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1342 EP 1351 DI 10.1021/ac035118n PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 779BE UT WOS:000189275100023 PM 14987091 ER PT J AU Sluszny, C Yeung, ES AF Sluszny, C Yeung, ES TI One- and two-dimensional miniaturized electrophoresis of proteins with native fluorescence detection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ACRYLAMIDE GELS; DNA FRAGMENTS; SEPARATION; SYSTEM; ARRAY AB Miniaturized electrophoresis was successfully coupled with native fluorescence detection for direct analysis of proteins in one- and two-dimensional separations. The detection setup was based on direct observation of the UV-induced fluorescence of proteins using a CCD camera and a Hg (Xe) lamp for sample excitation. Protein mixtures were readily separated by size on a 1-cm segment of the one-dimensional gel in 8 min, and a detection limit of 0.04 ng per band was achieved. The dynamic range of the system was larger than 2 orders of magnitude. Miniaturized slab gel electrophoresis was performed on a special holder designed to couple isoelectric focusing with SDS-PAGE. Two-dimensional separation, including rehydration of IEF strip and fluorescence detection was completed in 2.5 h. Approximately 200 protein spots from Escherichia coli were detected on a 1 cm(2) area. A detection limit of 0.1 mug of total protein was achieved. The operation should be amenable to total automation. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1359 EP 1365 DI 10.1021/ac035336g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 779BE UT WOS:000189275100025 PM 14987093 ER PT J AU Van Berkel, GJ Asano, KG Granger, MC AF Van Berkel, GJ Asano, KG Granger, MC TI Controlling analyte electrochemistry in an electrospray ion source with a three-electrode emitter cell SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ONLINE; OXIDATION; ELECTROLYSIS; DERIVATIVES AB The inherent electrochemistry occurring at the emitter electrode of an electrospray ion source was effectively controlled by incorporating a three-electrode controlled-potential electrochemical cell into the controlled-current electrospray emitter circuit. Two different basic cell designs were investigated to accomplish this control, namely, a planar flow-by working electrode and a porous flow-through working electrode design, each operated with a potentiostat floated at the electrospray high voltage. Control of the analyte electrochemistry was tested using the indole alkaloid reserpine, which is often used to test the specifications of electrospray mass spectrometry instrumentation. Reserpine was relatively easy to oxidize (E-p = 0.73 V vs Ag/AgCl) in the acidic electrospray medium (acetonitrile/water 1:1 v/v, 5.0 mM ammonium acetate, 0.75 vol % acetic acid) and was oxidized when the conventional electrospray emitter was used at low solution flow rate. With the proper cell auxiliary electrode configuration and adjustment of the working electrode potential, it was found that reserpine oxidation could be "turned off" at flow rates as low as 2.5 muL/min as well as at flow rates as high as 30-40 muL/min. Just as important, it was also possible to "turn on" essentially 100% oxidation of reserpine in this flow rate range. The area of the auxiliary electrode along with flow rate, which affect mass transport of analytes to this electrode, were found to be critical in controlling the electrochemical reactions in the emitter cell. Such control over analyte electrochemical reactions in the emitter has been difficult or impossible to achieve with a conventional electrospray emitter. This control is paramount in obtaining experimental results free from electrochemically generated artifacts of the analyte or in exploiting electrochemical reactions involving the analyte to analytical advantage. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Organ & Biol Mass Spect Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Organ & Biol Mass Spect Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vanberkelgj@ornl.gov RI Granger, Michael/G-3299-2012; Asano, Keiji/L-3164-2016 OI Granger, Michael/0000-0002-2385-6413; Asano, Keiji/0000-0003-2254-3586 NR 21 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1493 EP 1499 DI 10.1021/ac035240m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 779BE UT WOS:000189275100040 PM 14987108 ER PT J AU Schlyer, DJ AF Schlyer, DJ TI PET tracers and radiochemistry SO ANNALS ACADEMY OF MEDICINE SINGAPORE LA English DT Review DE clinical PET; imaging; radioisotope production; radiotracers; synthesis ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; REPORTER GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; CYCLOTRON PRODUCTION; PROLIFERATION; AMMONIA; THERAPY; BRAIN; C-11; SUBSTITUTION AB This paper provides a brief review of the radiochemistry of radiopharmaceuticals used in positron emission tomography (PET). It includes some history of PET, the basic formation of radionuclides in a cyclotron target, the processing of the precursor molecules into a useful PET radiotracer and the clinical significance and outlook for PET radiotracers. This review is based on a series of recent books and articles outlining the fundamental goals of PET and how radiochemistry plays a part in achieving these goals. It is also drawn from the literature that has been developed in PET over the last 30 years since PET became a research and valuable clinical tool. PET is a growing field and the clinical applications of the chemistry and technology have just begun to be explored. There is a great deal left to do in order to explore the full potential of PET in the clinic. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schlyer, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 59 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACAD MEDICINE SINGAPORE PI REPUBLIC SINGAPORE PA 142 NEIL RD, REPUBLIC SINGAPORE 088871, SINGAPORE SN 0304-4602 J9 ANN ACAD MED SINGAP JI Ann. Acad. Med. Singap. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 146 EP 154 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 810NK UT WOS:000220710800003 PM 15098627 ER PT J AU Knight, A Zhivotovsky, LA Kass, DH Litwin, DE Green, LD White, PS Mountain, JL AF Knight, A Zhivotovsky, LA Kass, DH Litwin, DE Green, LD White, PS Mountain, JL TI Molecular, forensic and haplotypic inconsistencies regarding the identity of the Ekaterinburg remains SO ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA ANALYSIS; ANCIENT DNA; PUTATIVE HEART; LOUIS-XVII; IDENTIFICATION; FAMILY AB Background: A set of human remains unearthed near Ekaterinburg, Russia has been attributed to the Romanov Imperial Family of Russia and their physician and servants. That conclusion was officially accepted by the Russian government following publication of DNA tests that were widely publicized. The published study included no discussion of major forensic discrepancies and the information regarding the burial site and remains included irregularities. Furthermore, its conclusion of Romanov identity was based on molecular behaviour that indicates contamination rather than endogenous DNA. The published claim to have amplified by PCR a 1223 bp region of degraded DNA in a single segment for nine individuals and then to have obtained sequence of PCR products derived from that segment without cloning indicates that the Ekaterinburg samples were contaminated with non-degraded, high molecular weight, 'fresh' DNA. Aim: Noting major violations of standard forensic practices, factual inconsistencies, and molecular behaviours that invalidate the claimed identity, we attempted to replicate the findings of the original DNA study. Subject: We analysed mtDNA extracted from a sample of the relic of Grand Duchess Elisabeth, sister of Empress Alexandra. Results: Among clones of multiple PCR targets and products, we observed no complete mtDNA haplotype matching that reported for Alexandra. The consensus haplotype of Elisabeth differs from that reported for Alexandra at four sites. Conclusion: Considering molecular and forensic inconsistencies, the identity of the Ekaterinburg remains has not been established. Our mtDNA haplotype results for Elisabeth provide yet another line of conflicting evidence regarding the identity of the Ekaterinburg remains. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Russian Acad Sci, NI Vavilov Gen Genet Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Knight, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM aknight@stanford.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM28428] NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4460 J9 ANN HUM BIOL JI Ann. Hum. Biol. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1080/03014460310001652257 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 809DP UT WOS:000220617700001 PM 15204357 ER PT J AU Zaanen, J Nussinov, Z Mukhin, SI AF Zaanen, J Nussinov, Z Mukhin, SI TI Duality in 2+1D quantum elasticity: superconductivity and quantum nematic order SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL PHASES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; GAUGE-THEORIES; HALL SYSTEMS; 2 DIMENSIONS; COULOMB GAS; TRANSITIONS; FLUCTUATIONS AB Superfluidity and superconductivity are traditionally understood in terms of an adiabatic continuation from the Bose-gas limit. Here we demonstrate that at least in a 2 + 1D Bose system, superfluidity can arise in a strict quantum field-theoretic setting. Taking the theory of quantum elasticity (describing phonons) as a literal quantum field theory with a bosonic statistic, superfluidity and superconductivity (in the EM charged case) emerge automatically when the shear rigidity of the elastic state is destroyed by the proliferation of topological defects (quantum dislocations). Off-diagonal long range order in terms of the field operators of the constituent particles is not required. This is one of the outcomes of the broader pursuit presented in this paper. In essence, it amounts to the generalization of the well known theory of crystal melting in two dimensions by Nelson et al. [Phys. Rev. B 19 (1979) 2457; Phys. Rev. B 19 (1979) 1855], to the dynamical theory of bosonic states exhibiting quantum liquid-crystalline orders in 2 + 1 dimensions. We strongly rest on the field-theoretic formalism developed by Kleinert [Gauge fields in Condensed Matter, vol. II: Stresses and Defects, Differential Geometry, Crystal Defects, World Scientific, Singapore, 1989] for classical melting in 3D. Within this framework, the disordered states correspond to Bose condensates of the topological excitations, coupled to gauge fields describing the capacity of the elastic medium to propagate stresses. Our focus is primarily on the nematic states, corresponding with condensates of dislocations, under the topological condition that disclinations remain massive. The dislocations carry Burgers vectors as topological charges. Conventional nematic order, i.e., the breaking of space-rotations, corresponds in this field-theoretic duality framework with an ordering of the Burgers vectors. However, we also demonstrate that the Burgers vectors can quantum disorder despite the massive character of the disclinations. We identify the physical nature of the 'Coulomb nematic' suggested by Lammert et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 (1993) 1650; Phys. Rev. E 52 (1995) 1778] on gauge-theoretical grounds. The 2 + 1D quantum liquid crystals differ in fundamental regards from their 3D classical counterparts due to the presence of a dynamical constraint. This constraint is the glide principle, well known from metallurgy, which states that dislocations can only propagate in the direction of their Burgers vector. In the present framework this principle plays a central role. This constraint is necessary to decouple compression rigidity from the dislocation condensate. The shear rigidity is not protected, and as a result the shear modes acquire a Higgs mass in the dual condensate. This is the way the dictum that translational symmetry breaking goes hand in hand with shear rigidity emerges in the field theory. However, because of the glide principle compression stays massless, and the fluids are characterized by an isolated massless compression mode and are therefore superfluids. Glide also causes the shear Higgs mass to vanish at orientations perpendicular to the director in the ordered nematic, and the resulting state can be viewed as a quantum smectic of a novel kind. Our most spectacular result is a new hydrodynamical way of understanding the conventional electromagnetic Meissner state (superconducting state). Generalizing to the electromagnetically charged elastic medium ('Wigner Crystal') we find that the Higgs mass of the shear gauge fields, becoming finite in the nematic quantum fluids, automatically causes a Higgs mass in the electromagnetic sector by a novel mechanism. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz Theoret Phys, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Moscow Steel & Alloys Inst, Dept Theoret Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Nussinov, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jan@lorentz.leidenuniv.nl NR 68 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 310 IS 1 BP 181 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2003.10.003 PG 80 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 776DB UT WOS:000189100500008 ER PT J AU Zhou, JZ Xia, BC Huang, H Palumbo, AV Tiedje, JM AF Zhou, JZ Xia, BC Huang, H Palumbo, AV Tiedje, JM TI Microbial diversity and heterogeneity in sandy subsurface soils SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; RICE PADDY SOIL; AIR-FORCE-BASE; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; COMMUNITY; ENVIRONMENT; CULTIVATION AB Microbial community diversity and heterogeneity in saturated and unsaturated subsurface soils from Abbott's Pit in Virginia (1.57, 3.25, and 4.05 m below surface) and Dover Air Force Base in Delaware (6.00 and 7.50 m below surface) were analyzed using a culture-independent small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (rDNA)based cloning approach. Four to six dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in 33 to 100 unique SSU rDNA clones (constituting about 40 to 50% of the total number of SSU rDNA clones in the clone library) from the saturated subsurface samples, whereas no dominant OTUs were observed in the unsaturated subsurface sample. Less than 10% of the clones among samples from different depths at the same location were identical, and the proportion of overlapping OTUs was lower for the samples that were vertically far apart than for adjacent samples. In addition, no OTUs were shared between the Abbott's Pit and Dover samples. The majority of the clones (80%) had sequences that were less than 5% different from those in the current databases. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of the bacterial clones were affiliated with members of the Proteobacteria family (90%), gram-positive bacteria (3%), and members of the Acidobacteria family (3%). Principal component analysis revealed that samples from different geographic locations were well separated and that samples from the same location were closely grouped together. In addition, the nonsaturated subsurface samples from Abbott's Pit clustered together and were well separated from the saturated subsurface soil sample. Finally, the overall diversity of the subsurface samples was much lower than that of the corresponding surface soil samples. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhouj@ornl.gov RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 54 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 BP 1723 EP 1734 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1723-1734.2004 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 802HO UT WOS:000220154800058 PM 15006798 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, M Davison, BH AF Finkelstein, M Davison, BH TI Introduction to the proceedings of the twenty-fifth symposium on biotechnology for fuels and chemicals SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Finkelstein, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP III EP VIII PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200001 ER PT J AU Nelson, RG Walsh, M Sheehan, JJ Graham, R AF Nelson, RG Walsh, M Sheehan, JJ Graham, R TI Methodology for estimating removable quantities of agricultural residues for bioenergy and bioproduct use SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE corn stover; wheat straw; rainfall erosion; wind erosion; tolerable soil loss AB A methodology was developed to estimate quantities of crop residues that can be removed while maintaining rain or wind erosion at less than or equal to the tolerable soil-loss level. Six corn and wheat rotations in the 10 largest corn-producing states were analyzed. Residue removal rates for each rotation were evaluated for conventional, mulch/reduced, and no-till field operations. The analyses indicated that potential removable maximum quantities range from nearly 5.5 million dry metric t/yr for a continuous corn rotation using conventional fill in Kansas to more than 97 million dry metric t/yr for a corn-wheat rotation using no-till in Illinois. C1 Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nelson, RG (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, 133 Ward Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM rnelson@ksu.edu NR 9 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1385/ABAB:113:1-3:013 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200004 PM 15054193 ER PT J AU Houghton, TP Thompson, DN Hess, JR Lacey, JA Wolcott, MP Schirp, A Englund, K Dostal, D Loge, F AF Houghton, TP Thompson, DN Hess, JR Lacey, JA Wolcott, MP Schirp, A Englund, K Dostal, D Loge, F TI Fungal upgrading of wheat straw for straw-thermoplastics production SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE fungal upgrading; engineered storage; biological preprocessing; Pleurotus ostreatus; straw composite ID PRETREATMENT AB Combining biologic pretreatment with storage is an innovative approach for improving feedstock characteristics and cost, but the magnitude of responses of such systems to upsets is unknown. Unsterile wheat straw stems were upgraded for 12 wk with Pleurotus ostreatus at constant temperature to estimate the variation in final compositions with variations in initial moisture and inoculum. Degradation rates and conversions increased with both moisture and inoculum. A regression analysis indicated that system performance was quite stable with respect to inoculum and moisture content after 6 wk of treatment. Scale-up by 150x indicated that system stability and final straw composition are sensitive to inoculum source, history, and inoculation method. Comparative testing of straw-thermoplastic composites produced from upgraded stems is under way. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Thompson, DN (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM thomdn@inel.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 71 EP 93 DI 10.1385/ABAB:113:1-3:071 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200008 PM 15054197 ER PT J AU Himmel, M Wilson, D AF Himmel, M Wilson, D TI Enzyme catalysis and engineering SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Himmel, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 113 EP 113 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200010 PM 15241865 ER PT J AU Borole, A Dai, S Cheng, CL Rodriguez, M Davison, BH AF Borole, A Dai, S Cheng, CL Rodriguez, M Davison, BH TI Performance of chloroperoxidase stabilization in mesoporous sol-gel glass using in situ glucose oxidase peroxide generation SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE sol-gel glass; chloroperoxidase; glucose oxidase; acetonitrile; horseradish peroxidase; thermostability ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; ENZYME STABILIZATION; IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; ENCAPSULATION; EPOXIDATION; STABILITY; POLYMERS; SILICA AB A unique mesoporous sol-gel glass possessing a highly ordered porous structure (with three pore sizes of about 50, 150, and 200 A diameter) was used as a support material for immobilization of the enzyme chloroperoxidase (CPO). CPO was bound onto the glass via a bifunctional ligand, trimethoxysilylpropanal. In situ production of the cosubstrate, H2O2, was achieved using glucose oxidase. Solvent stability in acetonitrile mixtures was enhanced when a pore size larger than the size of CPO was used (i.e., 200 A). From these results, it appears that the glass-enzyme complex developed through the present work can be used as high-performance biocatalysts for various chemical-processing applications, particularly in harsh conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Borole, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM borolea@ornl.gov RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X NR 43 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1385/ABAB:113:1-3:273 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200024 PM 15054212 ER PT J AU Davison, BH Nghiem, NP Richardson, GL AF Davison, BH Nghiem, NP Richardson, GL TI Succinic acid adsorption from fermentation broth and regeneration SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE succinic acid; sorbent; adsorption; hot water regeneration; glucose; fermentation broth ID FLUIDIZED-BED BIOREACTOR; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; LACTIC-ACID; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ORGANIC-SOLVENT; RECOVERY; SEPARATION; EQUILIBRIA; EXTRACTION; SORPTION AB More than 25 sorbents were tested for uptake of succinic acid from aqueous solutions. The best resins were then tested for successive loading and regeneration using hot water. The key desired properties for an ideal sorbent are high capacity, complete stable regenerability, and specificity for the product. The best resins have a stable capacity of about 0.06 g of succinic acid/g of resin at moderate concentrations (1-5 g/L) of succinic acid. Several sorbents were tested more exhaustively for uptake of succinic acid and for successive loading and regeneration using hot water. One resin, XUS 40285, has a good stable isotherm capacity, prefers succinate over glucose, and has good capacities at both acidic and neutral pH. Succinic acid was removed from simulated media containing salts, succinic acid, acetic acid, and sugar using a packed column of sorbent resin, XUS 40285. The fermentation byproduct, acetate, was completely separated from succinate. A simple hot water regeneration successfully concentrated succinate from 10 g/L (inlet) to 40-110 g/L in the effluent. If successful, this would lower separation costs by reducing the need for chemicals for the initial purification step. Despite promising initial results of good capacity (0.06 g of succinic/g of sorbent), 70% recovery using hot water, and a recovered concentration of >100 g/L, this regeneration was not stable over 10 cycles in the column. Alternative regeneration schemes using acid and base were examined. Two (XUS 40285 and XFS-40422) showed both good stable capacities for succinic acid over 10 cycles and >95% recovery in a batch operation using a modified extraction procedure combining acid and hot water washes. These resins showed comparable results with actual broth. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Davison, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM davisonbh@ornl.com RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 14 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 653 EP 669 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200054 PM 15054284 ER PT J AU Scott, CD Wyman, CE AF Scott, CD Wyman, CE TI Biotechnology for fuels and chemicals - Past, present, and future SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Scott, CD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 761 EP 763 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200061 PM 15241868 ER PT J AU Scott, CD AF Scott, CD TI Origins of and changes in the symposium series on biotechnology for fuels and chemicals SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE symposium; biotechnology; fuels; chemicals; bioprocessing AB More than two decades ago, a group of research engineers and applied scientists with interest in energy applications of bioprocessing initiated an annual symposium series ultimately entitled "Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals." The Department of Energy, several of the national laboratories, and various industrial firms have supported these symposia that are now held alternately in the mountains of Tennessee and Colorado. There has been wide acceptance of these meetings, with participants from the government, academia, and the commercial sector, and more than 20 different nations have been represented. The peer-reviewed proceedings have been published and are an important source for innovative bioprocessing research. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioproc Res & Dev Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Scott, CD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioproc Res & Dev Ctr, 109 Danbury Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM cdscott1@aol.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 765 EP 769 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200062 PM 15054230 ER PT J AU Elliott, DC Peterson, KL Muzatko, DS Alderson, EV Hart, TR Neuenschwander, GG AF Elliott, DC Peterson, KL Muzatko, DS Alderson, EV Hart, TR Neuenschwander, GG TI Effects of trace contaminants on catalytic processing of biomass-derived feedstocks SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE catalysts; trace minerals; protein; catalytic hydrogenation; hydrolysates AB Model compound testing was conducted in a batch reactor to evaluate the effects of trace contaminant components on catalytic hydrogenation of sugars. Trace components are potential catalyst poisons when processing biomass feedstocks to value-added chemical products. Trace components include inorganic elements such as alkali metals and alkaline earths, phosphorus, sulfur, aluminum, silicon, chloride, or transition metals. Protein components in biomass feedstocks can lead to formation of peptide fractions (from hydrolysis) or ammonium ions (from more severe breakdown), both of which might interfere with catalysis. The batch reactor tests were performed in a 300-mL stirred autoclave, with multiple liquid samples withdrawn over the period of the experiment. Evaluation of these test results suggests that most of the catalyst inhibition is related to nitrogen-containing components. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Elliott, DC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dougc.elliott@pnl.gov OI Hart, Todd/0000-0001-8013-0689 NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 807 EP 825 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200067 PM 15054234 ER PT J AU Schaller, KD Fox, SL Bruhn, DF Noah, KS Bala, GA AF Schaller, KD Fox, SL Bruhn, DF Noah, KS Bala, GA TI Characterization of surfactin from Bacillus subtilis for application as an agent for enhanced oil recovery SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE Bacillus subtilis; biosurfactant; surfactin; improved oil recovery; oil recovery agent ID POTATO PROCESS EFFLUENT; ATCC 21332; BIOSURFACTANTS AB Surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 21332) was used to examine the effect of altering salt concentration, pH, and temperature on surfactin activity (as measured by reductions in surface tension). These parameters are some of the conditions that define oil reservoir characteristics and can affect the application of surfactants. The Biotechnology for Oilfield Operations research program at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) has successfully produced surfactin from potato process effluents for possible use as an economical alternative to chemical surfactants for improved oil recovery. Surfactants enhance the recovery of oil through a reduction of the interfacial tension between the oil and water interfaces, or by mediating changes in the wettability index of the system. We investigated changes in surfactin activity under a range of conditions by measuring surface tension. Surface tension was determined using video image analysis of inverted pendant drops. Experimental variables included NaCl (0-10%), pH (3.0-10.0), and temperature (21-70degreesC). Each of these parameters, as well as selected combinations, resulted in discrete changes in surfactin activity. It is therefore important to consider the exploration of the studied surfactin as an enhanced oil recovery agent. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schaller, KD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM schakd@inel.gov NR 10 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 13 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 827 EP 836 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200068 PM 15054235 ER PT J AU Holladay, JE Werpy, TA Muzatko, DS AF Holladay, JE Werpy, TA Muzatko, DS TI Catalytic hydrogenation of glutamic acid SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE glutamic acid; catalytic hydrogenation; pyroglutaminol; pyroglutamic acid; phosphoric acid; prolinol ID CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ACETIC-ACID; ALCOHOLS; NICKEL; COPPER; ESTERS AB Technology to convert biomass into chemical building blocks provides an opportunity to displace fossil fuels and increase the economic viability of biorefineries. Coupling fermentation capability with aqueous-phase catalysis provides novel routes to monomers and chemicals, including those not accessible from petrochemical routes. Glutamic acid provides a platform to numerous compounds through thermochemical approaches including hydrogenation, cyclization, decarboxylation, and deamination. Hydrogenation of amino acids also provides access to chiral compounds with high enantiopurity. This article details aqueous-phase hydrogenation reactions that we have developed that lead to valuable chemical intermediates from glutamic acid. In addition, C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectral data are presented that provide a mechanistic picture of the reactions. The results show that hydrogenation of glutamic acid has unique characteristics from other amino acids and that paradigms in the literature do not hold up for this transformation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holladay, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K2-12,902 Battele Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.holladay@pnl.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 857 EP 869 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200071 PM 15054238 ER PT J AU Carole, TM Pellegrino, J Paster, MD AF Carole, TM Pellegrino, J Paster, MD TI Opportunities in the industrial biobased products industry SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE bioproducts; thermoplastics; fermentation; solvents; platform chemicals ID BIOTECHNOLOGY AB Approximately 89 million metric t of organic chemicals and lubricants, the majority of which are fossil based, are produced annually in the United States. The development of new industrial bioproducts, for production in stand-alone facilities or biorefineries, has the potential to reduce our dependence on imported oil and improve energy security. Advances in biotechnology are enabling the optimization of feedstock composition and agronomic characteristics and the development of new and improved fermentation organisms for conversion of biomass to new end products or intermediates. This article reviews recent biotechnology efforts to develop new industrial bioproducts and improve renewable feedstocks and key market opportunities. C1 Energet Inc, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Carole, TM (reprint author), Energet Inc, 7164 Columbia Gateway Dr, Columbia, MD 21046 USA. EM tcarole@energetics.com NR 51 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 26 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 871 EP 885 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200072 PM 15054239 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Nagle, N Hicks, KB Singh, V Moreau, RA Tucker, MP Nichols, NN Johnston, DB Cotta, MA Nguyen, Q Bothast, RJ AF Dien, BS Nagle, N Hicks, KB Singh, V Moreau, RA Tucker, MP Nichols, NN Johnston, DB Cotta, MA Nguyen, Q Bothast, RJ TI Fermentation of "quick fiber" produced from a modified corn-milling process into ethanol and recovery of corn fiber oil SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE bioethanol; corn fiber oil; Esclierichia coli; pentose fermentations; Saccharomyces ccrevisiae; beta-glucosidase ID RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PHYTOSTEROLS; GERM; PHYTOSTANOLS; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION; COPRODUCTS; STRAINS; SUGARS AB Approximately 9% of the 9.7 billion bushels of corn harvested in the United States was used for fuel ethanol production in 2002, half of which was prepared for fermentation by dry grinding. The University of Illinois has developed a modified dry grind process that allows recovery of the fiber fractions prior to fermentation. We report here on conversion of this fiber (Quick Fiber [QF]) to ethanol. QF was analyzed and found to contain 32%wt glucans and 65%wt total carbohydrates. QF was pretreated with dilute acid and converted into ethanol using either ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain FBR5 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For the bacterial fermentation the liquid fraction was fermented, and for the yeast fermentation both liquid and solids were fermented. For the bacterial fermentation, the final ethanol concentration was 30 g/L, a yield of 0.44 g ethanol/g of sugar(s) initially present in the hydrolysate, which is 85% of the theoretical yield. The ethanol yield with yeast was 0.096 gal/bu of processed corn assuming a QF yield of 3.04 lb/bu. The residuals from the fermentations were also evaluated as a source of corn fiber oil, which has value as a nutraceutical. Corn fiber oil yields were 8.28%wt for solids recovered following prtetreatment. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Div Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. SIU Edwardsville, Natl Corn Ethanol Res Pilot Plant, Edwardsville, IL 62025 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dienb@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664; Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 937 EP 949 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200077 PM 15054243 ER PT J AU Xiang, Q Lee, YY Torget, RW AF Xiang, Q Lee, YY Torget, RW TI Kinetics of glucose decomposition during dilute-acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE reaction kinetics; glucose decomposition; dilute acid hydrolysis; kinetic modeling; acid-soluble lignin; acid-base catalysis rules ID CELLULOSE; FRUCTOSE; ETHANOL; WATER AB Recent research work in-house both at Auburn University and National Renewable Energy Laboratory has demonstrated that extremely low concentrations of acid (e.g., 0.05-0.2 wt% sulfuric acid) and high temperatures (e.g., 200-230degreesC) are reaction conditions that can be effectively applied for hydrolysis of the cellulosic component of biomass. These conditions are far from those of the conventional dilute-acid hydrolysis processes, and the kinetic data for glucose decomposition are not currently available. We investigated the kinetics of glucose decomposition covering pH values of 1.5-2.2 and temperatures of 180-230degreesC using glass ampoule reactors. The primary factors controlling glucose decomposition are the reaction medium, acid concentration, and temperature. Based on the experimental data, a kinetic model was developed and the best-fit kinetic parameters were determined. However, a consistent discrepancy in the rate of glucose disappearance was found between that of the model based on pure glucose data and that observed during the actual process of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis. This was taken as an indication that glucose recombines with acid-soluble lignin during the hydrolysis process, and this conclusion was incorporated accordingly into the overall model of glucose decomposition. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lee, YY (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM yylee@eng.auburn.edu NR 25 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 20 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 1127 EP 1138 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200092 PM 15054258 ER PT J AU Tucker, MP Nagle, NJ Jennings, EW Ibsen, KN Aden, A Nguyen, QA Kim, KH Noll, SL AF Tucker, MP Nagle, NJ Jennings, EW Ibsen, KN Aden, A Nguyen, QA Kim, KH Noll, SL TI Conversion of distiller's grain into fuel alcohol and a higher-value animal feed by dilute-acid pretreatment SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 04-07, 2003 CL Breckenridge, CO SP US DOE, Off Biomass Program, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Envirnom Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, USDA, Alltech, Archer Daniels Midland, BBI Int, Biotechnol Ind Org, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Inc, Cargill Dow LLC, Coors Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, E I Du Pont Nemours & Co Inc, Genencor Int, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes Biotech, Proctor & Gamble, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle, Tembec Ind DE distiller's grain; corn dry-grind; pretreatment; enzymatic hydrolysis; ethanol; animal feed ID CORN FIBER; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; MAILLARD REACTION; AFEX; LIGNOCELLULOSICS; FRACTIONATION; HYDROLYSIS; SOFTWOODS; WATER AB Over the past three decades ethanol production in the United States has increased more than 10-fold, to approx 2.9 billion gal/yr (mid-2003), with ethanol production expected to reach 5 billion gal/yr by 2005. The simultaneous coproduction of 7 million t/yr of distiller's grain (DG) may potentially drive down the price of DG as a cattle feed supplement. The sale of residual DG for animal feed is an important part of corn dry-grind ethanol production economics; therefore, dry-grind ethanol producers are seeking ways to improve the quality of DG to increase market penetration and help stabilize prices. One possible improvement is to increase the protein content of DG by converting the residual starch and fiber into ethanol. We have developed methods for steam explosion, SO,, and dilute-sulfuric acid pretreatment of DG for evaluation as a feedstock for ethanol production. The highest soluble sugar yields (similar to77% of available carbohydrate) were obtained by pretreatment of DG at 140degreesC for 20 min with 3.27 wt% H2SO4. Fermentation protocols for pretreated DG were developed at the bench scale and scaled to a working volume of 809 L for production of hydrolyzed distiller's grain (HDG) for feeding trials. The pretreated DG was fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D(5)A, with ethanol yields of 73% of theoretical from available glucans. The HDG was air-dried and used for turkey-feeding trials. The inclusion of HDG into turkey poult (as a model non-ruminant animal) diets at 5 and 10% levels, replacing corn and soybean meal, showed weight gains in the birds similar to controls, whereas 15 and 20% inclusion levels showed slight decreases (-6%) in weight gain. At the conclusion of the trial, no negative effects on internal organs or morphology, and no mortality among the poults, was found. The high protein levels (58-61%) available in HDG show promising economics for incorporation of this process into corn dry-grind ethanol plants. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Bioproc Engn Grp, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Food Sci, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ Minnesota, Anim Sci Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Tucker, MP (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Bioproc Engn Grp, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM melvin_tucker@nrel.gov RI Kim, Kyoung Heon/F-1059-2013 OI Kim, Kyoung Heon/0000-0003-4600-8668 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 1139 EP 1159 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200093 PM 15054259 ER PT J AU McLaren, JS Thomas, SR AF McLaren, JS Thomas, SR TI Plant biotechnology and feedstock genomics SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Strathkirn Inc, Chesterfield, MO USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP McLaren, JS (reprint author), Strathkirn Inc, Chesterfield, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 113 BP 1163 EP 1165 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817OG UT WOS:000221186200094 PM 15241872 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE AF Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE TI Geological and anthropogenic factors influencing mercury speciation in mine wastes: an EXAFS spectroscopy study SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SILICA-CARBONATE ALTERATION; QUANTITATIVE ZN SPECIATION; SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOILS; WEST-CENTRAL NEVADA; RIVER; CALIFORNIA; TAILINGS; LEAD; SEDIMENTS AB The speciation of Hg is a critical determinant of its mobility, reactivity, and potential bioavailability in mine-impacted regions. Furthermore, Hg speciation in these complex natural systems is influenced by a number of physical, geological, and anthropogenic variables. In order to investigate the degree to which several of these variables may affect Hg speciation, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to determine the Hg phases and relative proportions of these phases present in Hg-bearing wastes from selected mine-impacted regions in California and Nevada. The geological origin of Hg ore has a significant effect on Hg speciation in mine wastes. Specifically, samples collected from hot-spring Hg deposits were found to contain soluble Hg-chloride phases, while such phases were largely absent in samples from silica-carbonate Hg deposits; in both deposit types, however, Hg-sulfides in the form of cinnabar (HgS, hex.) and metacinnabar (HgS, cub.) dominate. Calcined wastes in which Hg ore was crushed and roasted in excess of 600 degreesC, contain high proportions of metacinnabar while the main Hg-containing phase in unroasted waste rock samples from the same mines is cinnabar. The calcining process is thought to promote the reconstructive phase transformation of cinnabar to metacinnabar, which typically occurs at 345 degreesC. The total Hg concentration in calcines is strongly correlated with particle size, with increases of nearly an order of magnitude in total Hg concentration between the 500-2000 mum and <45 mum size fractions (e.g., from 97-810 mg/kg Hg in calcines from the Sulphur Bank Mine, CA). The proportion of Hg-sulfides present also increased by 8-18% as particle size decreased over the same size range. This finding suggests that insoluble yet soft Hg-sulfides are subject to preferential mechanical weathering and become enriched in the fine-grained fraction, while soluble Hg phases are leached out more readily as particle size decreases. The speciation of Hg in mine wastes is similar to that in distributed sediments located downstream from the same waste piles, indicating that the transport of Hg from mine waste piles does not significantly impact Hg speciation. Hg L-III-EXAFS analysis of samples from An mining regions, where elemental Hg(0) was introduced to aid in the Au recovery process, identified the presence of Hg-sulfides and schuetteite (Hg3O2SO4), which may have formed as a result of long-term Hg(0) burial in reducing high-sulfide sediments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 70R0108B,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cskim@lbl.gov NR 53 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 379 EP 393 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00147-1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 776DK UT WOS:000189101300008 ER PT J AU Wilson, EL Karr, CL Bennett, JP AF Wilson, EL Karr, CL Bennett, JP TI An adaptive, intelligent control system for slag foaming SO APPLIED INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE intelligent control; computational intelligence; genetic algorithm; neural network; fuzzy logic; steel manufacturing; slag foaming ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS AB Slag foaming is a steel-making process that has been shown to improve the efficiency of electric arc furnace plants. Unfortunately, slag foaming is a highly dynamic process that is difficult to control. This paper describes the development of an adaptive, intelligent control system for effectively manipulating the slag foaming process. The level-2 intelligent control system developed is based on three techniques from the field of computational intelligence (CI): (1) fuzzy logic, (2) genetic algorithms, and (3) neural networks. Results indicate that the computer software architecture presented in this paper is suitable for effectively manipulating complex engineering systems characterized by relatively slow process dynamics like those of a slag foaming operation. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Wilson, EL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Box 870280, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM elwilson@earthlink.net; ckerr@coe.eng.ua.edu; jbennett@alrc.doe.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-669X J9 APPL INTELL JI Appl. Intell. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 165 EP 177 DI 10.1023/B:APIN.0000013338.39348.46 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 767CJ UT WOS:000188422400005 ER PT J AU Dhar, S Song, YW Feldman, LC Isaacs-Smith, T Tin, CC Williams, JR Chung, G Nishimura, T Starodub, D Gustafsson, T Garfunkel, E AF Dhar, S Song, YW Feldman, LC Isaacs-Smith, T Tin, CC Williams, JR Chung, G Nishimura, T Starodub, D Gustafsson, T Garfunkel, E TI Effect of nitric oxide annealing on the interface trap density near the conduction bandedge of 4H-SiC at the oxide/(11(2)over-bar0) 4H-SiC interface SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL MOBILITY; NITROGEN PASSIVATION; 11(2)OVER-BAR0 FACE; SILICON-CARBIDE; OXIDATION; MOSFETS; NITRIDATION AB Nitric oxide postoxidation anneal results in a significant decrease of defect state density (D-it) near the conduction bandedge of n-4H-SiC at the oxide/(11(2) over bar 0) 4H-SiC interface. Comparison with measurements on the conventional (0001) Si-terminated face shows a similar interface state density following passivation. Medium energy ion scattering provides a quantitative measure of nitrogen incorporation at the SiO2/SiC interface. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Dow Corning Inc, Tampa, FL 33619 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dhar, S (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM sarit.dhar@vanderbilt.edu RI Tin, Chin-Che/A-9122-2012 NR 17 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1498 EP 1500 DI 10.1063/1.1651325 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 778WJ UT WOS:000189264100022 ER PT J AU Stokes, DL Chi, ZH Vo-Dinh, T AF Stokes, DL Chi, ZH Vo-Dinh, T TI Surface-enhanced-Raman-scattering-inducing nanoprobe for spectrochemical analysis SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE surface-enhanced Raman scattering; SERS; fiber optic; nanoprobe; sensor; contact probe; dry sample measurement; silver islands; cresyl fast violet; brilliant cresyl blue; p-aminobenzoic acid ID SINGLE-CELL; SILVER ELECTRODE; ISLAND FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SERS; PROBES; SENSOR; SPECTROMETRY; NANOSENSORS; BIOSENSOR AB This paper describes a new nanoprobe that induces the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect when brought into contact with chemicals on any type of surface. The SERS-inducing probe was fabricated from an optical fiber that was tapered to a tip 100 urn in diameter. A thin layer of silver islands was applied to the tip of the tapered fiber via thermal evaporation to induce the SERS effect. The small scale of the tip may be amenable to localized, nondestructive SERS-based analyses of surfaces with high spatial selectivity. Because the contact probe itself induces the SERS effect, no modification of the sample is required. Direct analysis at submicrometer spatial selectivity is therefore possible for analyte compounds on any type of surface. Various optimization studies and preliminary evaluations were performed. A 10-nm silver thickness was determined to yield the optimum SERS effect. A 25% relative standard deviation in SERS signal was observed for five different probe tips. As a demonstration of the SERS-inducing capability of the probe, Raman spectra were recorded for glass surfaces coated with brilliant cresyl blue and p-aminobenzoic acid before and during contact with the SERS-inducing nanoprobe. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Advanced Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Advanced Monitoring Dev Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov NR 47 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 25 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1366/000370204322886636 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 803AO UT WOS:000220204200006 PM 15035709 ER PT J AU Huser, T Hollars, CW Siekhaus, WJ De Yoreo, JJ Suratwala, TI Land, TA AF Huser, T Hollars, CW Siekhaus, WJ De Yoreo, JJ Suratwala, TI Land, TA TI Characterization of proton exchange layer profiles in KD2PO4 crystals by micro-Raman spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; DKDP crystals; deuterium depletion ID KH2PO4; SCATTERING; PO4; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA; LASER C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Huser, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM huser1@linl.gov RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012; Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416; Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 349 EP 351 DI 10.1366/000370204322886726 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 803AO UT WOS:000220204200015 PM 15035718 ER PT J AU Roth, KW Chertok, A Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J AF Roth, KW Chertok, A Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J TI Electronically commutated permanent magnet motors SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 TIAX, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Roth, KW (reprint author), TIAX, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 46 IS 3 BP 75 EP 76 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 801AP UT WOS:000220069100018 ER PT J AU Van Dyk, TK Simpson, ML Wang, SQ AF Van Dyk, TK Simpson, ML Wang, SQ TI Nanotechnology and microbiology: Special issue SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Biochem Sci & Engn, Wilmington, DE USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Agilent Technol, Life Sci & Chem Anal, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Van Dyk, TK (reprint author), DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Biochem Sci & Engn, Wilmington, DE USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD MAR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 802KH UT WOS:000220161900011 ER PT J AU Pindor, B Eisenstein, DJ Inada, N Gregg, MD Becker, RH Brinkmann, J Burles, S Frieman, JA Johnston, DE Richards, GT Schneider, DP Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Turner, EL York, DG AF Pindor, B Eisenstein, DJ Inada, N Gregg, MD Becker, RH Brinkmann, J Burles, S Frieman, JA Johnston, DE Richards, GT Schneider, DP Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Turner, EL York, DG TI SDSS J115517.35+634622.0: A newly discovered gravitationally lensed quasar SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars : general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EARLY DATA RELEASE; GALAXIES; CONSTANT; SYSTEM; SAMPLE AB We report the discovery of SDSS J115517.35+ 634622.0, a previously unknown gravitationally lensed quasar. The lens system exhibits two images of a z = 2.89 quasar, with an image separation of 1."832 +/- 0."007. Near-IR imaging of the system reveals the presence of the lensing galaxy between the two quasar images. Based on absorption features seen in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS) spectrum, we determine a lens galaxy redshift of z = 0.1756. The lens is rather unusual in that one of the quasar images is only 0."22 +/- 0."07 (similar to0.1 R-eff) from the center of the lens galaxy, and photometric modeling indicates that this image is significantly brighter than predicted by a SIS model. This system was discovered in the course of an ongoing search for strongly lensed quasars in the data set from the SDSS. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. IGPP LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Pindor, B (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Turner, Edwin/A-4295-2011 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 127 IS 3 BP 1318 EP 1324 DI 10.1086/381904 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 801FL UT WOS:000220081700006 ER PT J AU Gregg, MD Ferguson, HC Minniti, D Tanvir, N Catchpole, R AF Gregg, MD Ferguson, HC Minniti, D Tanvir, N Catchpole, R TI Resolving the stellar population of the standard elliptical galaxy NGC 3379 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : stellar content ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SURFACE-BRIGHTNESS FLUCTUATIONS; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; LEO I GROUP; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-6553; LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; RECENT STAR-FORMATION; NGC 5128; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; BAADES-WINDOW AB Using the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we have obtained F110W (similar toJ) and F160W (similar toH) images of three fields in NGC 3379, a nearby normal giant elliptical galaxy. These images resolve individual red giant stars, yielding the first accurate color-magnitude diagrams for a normal luminous elliptical galaxy. The photometry reaches similar to1 mag below the red giant branch (RGB) tip with errors of less than or similar to0.2 mag in F110W - F160W. A strong break in the luminosity function at F160W = 23.68 +/- 0.06 is identified as the tip of the red giant branch; comparison with theoretical isochrones implies a distance of 10.8 +/- 0.6 Mpc, in good agreement with a number of previous estimates using various techniques. The mean metallicity is close to solar, but there is an appreciable spread in abundance, from at least as metal-poor as [Fe/H] approximate to - 1.5 to as high as + 0.8. There is a significant population of stars brighter than the RGB tip by up to similar to 1 mag. The observations of each field were split over two epochs separated by 2 - 3 months, allowing the identification of candidate long-period variables; at least 40% of the stars brighter than the RGB tip are variable. Lacking period determinations, the exact nature of these variables remains uncertain, but the bright AGB stars and variables are similar to those found in metal-rich globular clusters and are not luminous enough to imply an intermediate-age population. All of the evidence points to a stellar population in NGC 3379 that is very similar to the bulge of the Milky Way, or an assortment of Galactic globular clusters covering a large metallicity spread. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Royal Greenwich Observ, London SE10 9NF, England. RP Gregg, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gregg@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 75 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 127 IS 3 BP 1441 EP 1459 DI 10.1086/381951 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 801FL UT WOS:000220081700015 ER PT J AU Krisciunas, K Phillips, MM Suntzeff, NB Persson, SE Hamuy, M Antezana, R Candia, P Clocchiatti, A DePoy, DL Germany, LM Gonzalez, L Gonzalez, S Krzeminski, W Maza, J Nugent, PE Qiu, YL Rest, A Roth, M Stritzinger, M Strolger, LG Thompson, I Williams, TB Wischnjewsky, M AF Krisciunas, K Phillips, MM Suntzeff, NB Persson, SE Hamuy, M Antezana, R Candia, P Clocchiatti, A DePoy, DL Germany, LM Gonzalez, L Gonzalez, S Krzeminski, W Maza, J Nugent, PE Qiu, YL Rest, A Roth, M Stritzinger, M Strolger, LG Thompson, I Williams, TB Wischnjewsky, M TI Optical and infrared photometry of the nearby Type Ia supernovae 1999ee, 2000bh, 2000ca, and 2001ba SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : individual (SN 1999ee, SN 2000bh, SN 2000ca, SN 2001ba); techniques : photometric ID LIGHT CURVES; HUBBLE CONSTANT; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; STELLAR PHOTOMETRY; UBVRI PHOTOMETRY; HOST GALAXY; EXTINCTION; DISTANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; CALIBRATION AB We present near-infrared photometry of the Type Ia supernova (SN) 1999ee; also, optical and infrared photometry of the Type Ia SNe 2000bh, 2000ca, and 2001ba. For SNe 1999ee and 2000bh, we present the first-ever SN photometry at 1.035 mum (the Y band). We present K-corrections that transform the infrared photometry in the observer's frame to the supernova rest frame. Using our infrared K- corrections and stretch factors derived from optical photometry, we construct JHK templates that can be used to determine the apparent magnitudes at maximum if one has some data in the window -12 to +10 days with respect to T(B-max). Following up previous work on the uniformity of V minus IR loci of Type Ia supernovae of midrange decline rates, we present unreddened loci for slow decliners. We also discuss evidence for a continuous change of color at a given epoch as a function of decline rate. C1 Carnegie Observ, Observ Las Campanas, La Serena, Chile. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, La Serena, Chile. Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Catholic Univ Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Carnegie Observ, Observ Las Campanas, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile. EM kkrisciunas@noao.edu; mmp@lco.cl; nsuntzeff@noao.edu; persson@ociw.edu; mhamuy@ociw.edu; rantezan@das.uchile.cl; pcandia@ctiosz.ctio.noao.edu; aclocchi@astro.puc.cl; depoy@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; lgermany@eso.org; lgonzale@das.uchile.cl; sgh@ctiosz.ctio.noao.edu; wojtek@lco.cl; jmaza@das.uchile.cl; penugent@lbl.gov; qiuyl@bao.ac.cn; arest@noao.edu; miguel@lco.cl; stritzin@mpa-garching.mpg.de; strolger@stsci.edu; ian@ociw.edu; williams@physics.rutgers.edu RI Hamuy, Mario/G-7541-2016; Maza, Jose/I-5722-2016; OI Maza, Jose/0000-0003-2068-1328; stritzinger, maximilian/0000-0002-5571-1833 NR 62 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 127 IS 3 BP 1664 EP 1681 DI 10.1086/381911 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 801FL UT WOS:000220081700033 ER PT J AU Jonauskas, V Keenan, FP Foord, AE Heeter, RF Rose, SJ van Hoof, PAM Ferland, GJ Aggarwal, KM Kisielius, R Norrington, PH AF Jonauskas, V Keenan, FP Foord, AE Heeter, RF Rose, SJ van Hoof, PAM Ferland, GJ Aggarwal, KM Kisielius, R Norrington, PH TI Relativistic allowed and forbidden transition probabilities for fluorine-like Fe XVIII SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data ID OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; FINE-STRUCTURE; LINES; IONS; SPECTRA; ATOMS AB Energy levels and the corresponding transition probabilities for allowed and forbidden transitions among the levels of the ground configuration and first 23 excited configurations of fluorine-like Fe XVIII have been calculated using the multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock GRASP code. A total of 379 lowest bound levels of Fe XVIII is presented, and the energy levels are identified in spectroscopic notations. Transition probabilities, oscillator strengths and line strengths for electric dipole (E1), electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic dipole (M1) transitions among these 379 levels are also presented. The calculated energy levels and transition probabilities are compared with experimental data. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Jonauskas, V (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM v.jonauskas@qub.ac.uk OI Rose, Steven/0000-0001-6808-6355; Ferland, Gary/0000-0003-4503-6333 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 416 IS 1 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20034340 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 807XZ UT WOS:000220535500037 ER PT J AU Perez, MR van den Ancker, ME de Winter, D Bopp, BW AF Perez, MR van den Ancker, ME de Winter, D Bopp, BW TI A young and complex binary star - HD 144432 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : circumstellar matter; stars : emission-line, Be; stars : individual : HD 144432; stars : binaries : visual; stars : pre-main sequence ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; BETA-PICTORIS PHENOMENON; INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; SHELL STARS; FU ORIONIS; AE-TYPE; SPECTROSCOPY AB The southern emission-line star HD 144432 has received considerable attention due to its relative brightness (Vsimilar to8.17), its late spectral type (late A-type or perhaps early F) and its relative isolation from a bona-fide active star formation region. We present new imaging and spectroscopic data of this star, which in the past has been classified as both an evolved (post-AGB) object and an isolated Herbig Ae/Be star. We confirm the presence of a faint companion source located 1.4" north. which appears physically associated with HD 144432. New infrared spectroscopy reveals this companion to be a late-type (early-mid K) star, devoid of any emission lines. Furthermore, we confirm the pre-main sequence nature of this object, report the detection of Li I 6707.8 Angstrom absorption toward the HD 144432 system, and its apparent association with Sco OB2-2 located at 145 pc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. TNO, TPD, NL-2600 AD Delft, Netherlands. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Perez, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,ISR-DO,Mail Stop F650, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mperez@lanl.gov; mvandena@eso.org; dolf@xiada.ft.uam.es; bbopp@uoft02.utoledo.edu NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 416 IS 2 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20034390 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 811PG UT WOS:000220783200022 ER PT J AU Lidman, C Rosati, P Demarco, R Nonino, M Mainieri, V Stanford, SA Toft, S AF Lidman, C Rosati, P Demarco, R Nonino, M Mainieri, V Stanford, SA Toft, S TI Deep near-infrared imaging of RDCS J1252.9-2927 at z=1.237 - The colour-magnitude diagram SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : photometry ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; CLUSTER MS 1054-03; DISTANT CLUSTERS; CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; STANDARD STARS; EVOLUTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; Z=0.83 AB We present deep Soil and ISAAC near-infrared imaging data of the X-ray luminous galaxy cluster RDCS J1252.9-2927. The ISAAC data were taken at the ESO Very Large Telescope under very good seeing conditions and reach limiting Vega magnitudes of 25.6 and 24.1 in the J- and K-s-bands respectively. The image quality is 0".45 in both passbands. We use these data to construct a colour-magnitude (C-M) diagram of galaxies that are within 20" of the Cluster center and brighter than K-s = 24, which is five magnitudes fainter than the apparent magnitude of a L* galaxy in this cluster. The C-M relation is clearly identified as an over-density of galaxies with colours near J - K-s = 1.85. The slope of the relation is -0.05 +/- 0.02 and the intrinsic scatter is 0.06 mag with a 90% confidence interval that extends from 0.04 to 0.09 mag. Both the slope and the scatter are consistent with the values measured for Clusters at lower redshifts. These quantities have not evolved from z = 0 to z = 1.24. However, significant evolution in the mean J - K-s colour is detected. On average, the galaxies in RDCS J1252.9-2927 are 0.25 mag bluer than early-type galaxies in the Coma cluster. Using instantaneous single-burst solar-metallicity models. the average age of galaxies in the center of RDCS J1252.9-2927 is 2.7 Gyrs. C1 European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Osserv Astron Trieste, Inst Nazl Astrofis, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Lidman, C (reprint author), European So Observ, Alonso de Cordova 3107,Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile. EM clidman@eso.org OI Nonino, Mario/0000-0001-6342-9662 NR 44 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 416 IS 3 BP 829 EP 837 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031615 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 809UP UT WOS:000220661900010 ER PT J AU Dolag, K Bartelmann, M Perrotta, F Baccigalupi, C Moscardini, L Meneghetti, M Tormen, G AF Dolag, K Bartelmann, M Perrotta, F Baccigalupi, C Moscardini, L Meneghetti, M Tormen, G TI Numerical study of halo concentrations in dark-energy cosmologies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : halos; cosmology : theory ID DENSITY PROFILE; MATTER HALOES; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES AB We study the concentration parameters, their mass dependence and redshift evolution, of dark-matter halos in different dark-energy cosmologies with constant and time-variable equation of state, and compare them with "standard" ACDM and OCDM models. We find that previously proposed algorithms for predicting halo concentrations can be well adapted to dark-energy models. When centred on the analytically expected values, halo concentrations show a log-normal distribution with a uniform standard deviation of similar to0.2. The dependence of averaged halo concentrations on mass and redshift permits a simple fit of the form (1 + z) c = c(0) (M/M-0)(alpha), with alpha approximate to -0.1 throughout. We find that the cluster concentration depends on the dark energy equation of state at the cluster formation redshift z(coll) through the linear growth factor D+(z(col)). As a simple correction accounting for dark-energy cosmologies, we propose scaling c(0) from ACDM with the ratio of linear growth factors, c(0) --> c(0) D+(z(coll))/D+. (ACDM) (z(coll)). C1 Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35100 Padua, Italy. EM kdolag@pd.astro.it RI Bartelmann, Matthias/A-5336-2014; OI Meneghetti, Massimo/0000-0003-1225-7084 NR 26 TC 209 Z9 209 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 416 IS 3 BP 853 EP 864 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031757 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 809UP UT WOS:000220661900012 ER PT J AU Trabert, E AF Trabert, E TI On the transition rates of the Fe X and Fe XIV coronal lines SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : corona; techniques : spectroscopic ID ENERGY-LEVEL SCHEME; FORBIDDEN LINES; ATOMIC DATA; PROBABILITIES; IONS; CONFIGURATIONS; LIFETIMES; RATIOS; TRAP AB Despite a considerable scatter of the theoretical predictions of the M 1/E2 transition rate of the "red iron line" (Fe X) in the solar corona, there is disagreement of all the results with the single measurement that used an electrostatic ion trap. Employing a heavy-ion storage ring for measuring the same transition in isoelectronic ions of Co, Ni, and Cu, the situation has been clarified. and a new, accurate data point for Fe X can be determined by extrapolation. This result agrees with the basic atomic structure prediction for the line strength in combination with the experimental transition energy. For the "green iron line" (Fe XIV), a recent measurement with an electron beam ion trap has resolved similar discrepancies. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM traebert@dep3.ruhr-uni-bochum.de NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 415 IS 3 BP L39 EP L42 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20040014 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 773RH UT WOS:000188936200002 ER PT J AU Bringa, EM Johnson, RE AF Bringa, EM Johnson, RE TI A new model for cosmic-ray ion erosion of volatiles from grains in the interstellar medium SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; cosmic rays; dust, extinction; molecular processes ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; WATER ICE; ENERGY-TRANSPORT; CHEMICAL-MODELS; CLOUDS; DESORPTION; CHEMISTRY; SPIKE; TRACK AB Erosion of small grains or grain mantles is important in a number of astrophysical environments. Since energy deposition events produced by energetic ions can create a "hot'' region in a grain, simple thermal spike models have been applied to estimate the sputtering efficiency. Here the results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to describe sputtering from the "heat spike'' formed by a heavy cosmic-ray (CR) ion. These results are compared to extrapolations of laboratory sputtering data for frozen volatiles and to earlier models for CR ion-induced desorption. The CO and H(2)O desorption rates for thick mantles or for whole volatile grains are given and are found to disagree with results obtained using heat spike models. Further, the rates are an order of magnitude smaller and an order of magnitude larger, respectively, than the rates typically used for desorption of CO and H(2)O from a thin mantle on a 0.1 mum silicate core in a molecular cloud. The model given here can now be used for calculating energetic ion-induced desorption from grains in a variety of astrophysical environments and of other compositions and sizes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Bringa, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011 NR 34 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 603 IS 1 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1086/381382 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 779ZM UT WOS:000189343900020 ER PT J AU Fleysher, R Fleysher, L Nemethy, P Mincer, AI Haines, TJ AF Fleysher, R Fleysher, L Nemethy, P Mincer, AI Haines, TJ TI Tests of statistical significance and background estimation in gamma-ray air shower experiments SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atmospheric effects; methods : data analysis; methods : numerical; methods : statistical ID POINT SOURCES; NORTHERN SKY; ASTRONOMY; MILAGRITO; SEARCH AB In this paper we discuss established methods of significance calculation for testing the existence of a signal in the presence of unknown background and point out the limits of their applicability. We then introduce a new self-consistent scheme for source detection and discuss some of its properties. The method overcomes weaknesses of those used previously and allows incorporating background anisotropies by vetoing existing localized sources and sinks on the sky and compensating for known large-scale anisotropies. By giving an example using the Milagro gamma-ray observatory data, we demonstrate how the method can be employed to relax the detector stability assumption. The new method is universal and can be used with any large field-of-view detector, in which the object of investigation, steady or transient, point or extended, traverses its field of view. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fleysher, R (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM roman.fleysher@physics.nyu.edu; lazar.fleysher@physics.nyu.edu; peter.nemethy@nyu.edu; allen.mincer@nyu.edu; haines@lanl.gov OI Mincer, Allen/0000-0002-6307-1418 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 603 IS 1 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1086/381384 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 779ZM UT WOS:000189343900038 ER PT J AU Woosley, SE Heger, A Cumming, A Hoffman, RD Pruet, J Rauscher, T Fisker, JL Schatz, H Brown, BA Wiescher, M AF Woosley, SE Heger, A Cumming, A Hoffman, RD Pruet, J Rauscher, T Fisker, JL Schatz, H Brown, BA Wiescher, M TI Models for Type I X-ray bursts with improved nuclear physics SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : neutron; X-rays : bursts ID ACCRETING NEUTRON-STARS; WEAK INTERACTION RATES; INTERMEDIATE-MASS NUCLEI; RP-PROCESS; SHELL FLASHES; END-POINT; EVOLUTION; 4U-1820-30; ENVELOPE; CAPTURE AB Multizone models of Type I X-ray bursts are presented that use an adaptive nuclear reaction network of unprecedented size, up to 1300 isotopes, for energy generation and include the most recent measurements and estimates of critical nuclear physics. Convection and radiation transport are included in calculations that carefully follow the changing composition in the accreted layer, both during the bursts themselves and in their ashes. Sequences of bursts, up to 15 in one case, are followed for two choices of accretion rate and metallicity, up to the point at which a limit cycle equilibrium is established. For (M)over dot=1.75x10(-9) M-circle dot yr(-1) (and (M)over dot=3.5x10(-10) M-circle dot yr(-1), for low metallicity), combined hydrogen-helium flashes occur. These bursts have light curves with slow rise times (seconds) and long tails. The rise times, shapes, and tails of these light curves are sensitive to the efficiency of nuclear burning at various waiting points along the rp-process path, and these sensitivities are explored. Each displays "compositional inertia'' in that its properties are sensitive to the fact that accretion occurs onto the ashes of previous bursts that contain leftover hydrogen, helium, and CNO nuclei. This acts to reduce the sensitivity of burst properties to metallicity. Only the first anomalous burst in one model produces nuclei as heavy as A=100. For the present choice of nuclear physics and accretion rates, other bursts and models make chiefly nuclei with Aapproximate to64. The amount of carbon remaining after hydrogen-helium bursts is typically less than or similar to1% by mass and decreases further as the ashes are periodically heated by subsequent bursts. For (M)over dot=3.5x10(-10) M-circle dot yr(-1) and solar metallicity, bursts are ignited in a hydrogen-free helium layer. At the base of this layer, up to 90% of the helium has already burned to carbon prior to the unstable ignition of the helium shell. These helium-ignited bursts have (1) briefer, brighter light curves with shorter tails, (2) very rapid rise times (<0.1 s), and (3) ashes lighter than the iron group. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, N Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM woosley@ucolick.org; 1@2sn.org; cumming@ucolick.org; rdhoffman@llnl.gov; pruet1@popcorn.llnl.gov; thomas.rauscher@unibas.ch; fisker@quasar.physik.unibas.ch; schatz@nscl.msu.edu; brown@nscl.msu.edu; wiescher.1@nd.edu RI Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Cumming, Andrew/A-6082-2013 OI Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Cumming, Andrew/0000-0002-6335-0169 NR 58 TC 196 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1 BP 75 EP 102 DI 10.1086/381533 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 801TL UT WOS:000220118100004 ER PT J AU Loosmore, GA Cederwall, RT AF Loosmore, GA Cederwall, RT TI Precipitation scavenging of atmospheric aerosols for emergency response applications: testing an updated model with new real-time data SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wet deposition; aerosol; modeling; particle; washout ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLES; RAINFALL; REMOVAL; IMPACTION AB Precipitation scavenging can effectively remove particulates from the atmosphere. Interest in the phenomena waxed in the 1980s, but models developed at that time remain limited by the lack of both detailed, time-resolved wet deposition pattern measurements for model confirmation and real-time rain data for model execution. Recently, new rain products have become available that can revolutionize real-time use of precipitation scavenging models on the regional scale. We have utilized a 4-km, hourly resolution precipitation data set from the Arkansas Red-Basin River Forecast Center. A standard below-cloud aerosol scavenging model has been modified to incorporate the potentially larger scavenging in heavy rain events. This paper demonstrates the model on a sample rainfall data set. The simulations demonstrate the concentrating effect of rainfall, especially heavy rain, on deposition patterns. Wet deposition played an important role in the simulated fate and transport, removing as much as 70% of the released aerosol. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Loosmore, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM loosmorel@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 38 IS 7 BP 993 EP 1003 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.055 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 774HX UT WOS:000188975000006 ER PT J AU Aceves, SM Martinez-Frias, J Sahai, V AF Aceves, SM Martinez-Frias, J Sahai, V TI Accuracy evaluation of improvements to the Madejski splat-quench solidification model SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID METAL-DROPLET DEPOSITION; LIQUID DROPLET; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLAT SURFACE; SUBSTRATE; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION AB This article evaluates two versions of Madejski's model for solving the droplet spreading and solidification problem. The first version (Madejski's Model 1) consists of the original method proposed by Madeiski with four modifications introduced by previous researchers. The second version (Madejski's Model 2) includes two additional modifications suggested by the present authors. The results from both models are compared to results from the recent literature. The results indicate that Model 2 predicts maximum droplet diameter and droplet spreading as a function of time much better than Model 1. Both models yield the best predictions at high Reynolds and Weber numbers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. ISR, Clarkston, WA USA. RP Aceves, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v14.i2.40 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 814YN UT WOS:000221010100004 ER PT J AU Marchetti, F Bishop, JB Cosentino, L Moore, D Wyrobek, AJ AF Marchetti, F Bishop, JB Cosentino, L Moore, D Wyrobek, AJ TI Paternally transmitted chromosomal aberrations in mouse zygotes determine their embryonic fate SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE developmental biology; embryo; fertilization; sperm; toxicology ID MAMMALIAN GERM-CELLS; MALE-MICE; DOMINANT-LETHAL; PARENTAL ORIGIN; HERITABLE TRANSLOCATIONS; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; HUMAN ANEUPLOIDY; DNA-REPLICATION; DOSE-RESPONSE; BONE-MARROW AB The developmental consequences of chromosomal aberrations in embryos include spontaneous abortions, morphological defects, inborn abnormalities, and genetic/chromosomal diseases. Six germ-cell mutagens with different modes of action and spermatogenic stage sensitivities were used to investigate the relationship between the types of cytogenetic damage in zygotes with their subsequent risk of postimplantation death and of birth as a translocation carrier. Independent of the mutagen used, over 98% of paternally transmitted aberrations were chromosome type, rather than chromatid type, indicating that they were formed during the period between exposure of male germ cells and initiation of the first S phase after fertilization. There were consistent one-to-one agreements between the proportions of a) zygotes with unstable aberrations and the frequencies of dead embryos after implantation (slope = 0.87, confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 1.16) and b) zygotes with reciprocal translocations and the frequency of translocation carriers at birth (slope = 0.74, CI: 0.48, 2.11). These findings suggest that chromosomal aberrations in zygotes are highly predictive of subsequent abnormal embryonic development and that development appears to proceed to implantation regardless of the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. Our findings support the hypothesis that, for paternally transmitted chromosomal aberrations, the fate of the embryo is already set by the end of G1 of the first cell cycle of development. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94120 USA. RP Marchetti, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-488,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM marchetti2@llnl.gov OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 09117-03, ES 8016-5] NR 68 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 BP 616 EP 624 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.103.023044 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 776ZX UT WOS:000189150400010 PM 14585809 ER PT J AU Coombs, D Dembo, M Wofsy, C Goldstein, B AF Coombs, D Dembo, M Wofsy, C Goldstein, B TI Equilibrium thermodynamics of cell-cell adhesion mediated by multiple ligand-receptor pairs SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE FORMATION; BASOPHIL LEUKEMIA-CELLS; SPLENIC B-CELLS; T-CELLS; PATTERN-FORMATION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E; FOCAL ADHESIONS; DOWN-MODULATION; ACTIVATION; AFFINITY AB In many situations, cell-cell adhesion is mediated by multiple ligand-receptor pairs. For example, the interaction between T cells and antigen-presenting cells of the immune system is mediated not only by T cell receptors and their ligands (peptide-major histocompatibility complex) but also by binding of intracellular adhesion molecules. Interestingly, these binding pairs have different resting lengths. Fluorescent labeling reveals segregation of the longer adhesion molecules from the shorter T cell receptors in this case. Here, we explore the thermal equilibrium of a general cell-cell interaction mediated by two ligand-receptor pairs to examine competition between the elasticity of the cell wall, nonspecific intercellular repulsion, and bond formation, leading to segregation of bonds of different lengths at equilibrium. We make detailed predictions concerning the relationship between physical properties of the membrane and ligand-receptor pairs and equilibrium pattern formation, and suggest experiments to refine our understanding of the system. We demonstrate our model by application to the T cell/antigen-presenting-cell system and outline applications to natural killer cell adhesion. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Boston Univ, Dept Bioengn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Coombs, D (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM coombs@math.ubc.ca RI Dembo, Micah/C-2755-2013; OI Coombs, Daniel/0000-0002-8038-6278 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM035556, R37-GM35556] NR 60 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1408 EP 1423 DI 10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74211-3 PG 16 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 780JK UT WOS:000189377400012 PM 14990470 ER PT J AU Friddle, RW Klare, JE Martin, SS Corzett, M Balhorn, R Baldwin, EP Baskin, RJ Noy, A AF Friddle, RW Klare, JE Martin, SS Corzett, M Balhorn, R Baldwin, EP Baskin, RJ Noy, A TI Mechanism of DNA compaction by yeast mitochondrial protein Abf2p SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; MOBILITY GROUP PROTEIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROBE MICROSCOPY; CATIONIC SILANES; MOLECULES; BINDING AB We used high-resolution atomic force microscopy to image the compaction of linear and circular DNA by the yeast mitochondrial protein Abf2p, which plays a major role in packaging mitochondrial DNA. Atomic force microscopy images show that protein binding induces drastic bends in the DNA backbone for both linear and circular DNA. At a high concentration of Abf2p DNA collapses into a tight nucleoprotein complex. We quantified the compaction of linear DNA by measuring the end-to-end distance of the DNA molecule at increasing concentrations of Abf2p. We also derived a polymer statistical mechanics model that provides a quantitative description of compaction observed in our experiments. This model shows that sharp bends in the DNA backbone are often sufficient to cause DNA compaction. Comparison of our model with the experimental data showed excellent quantitative correlation and allowed us to determine binding characteristics for Abf2p. These studies indicate that Abf2p compacts DNA through a simple mechanism that involves bending of the DNA backbone. We discuss the implications of such a mechanism for mitochondrial DNA maintenance and organization. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Biosecur & Nanosci Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Program, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Noy, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Biosecur & Nanosci Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM noy1@llnl.gov NR 50 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1632 EP 1639 DI 10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74231-9 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 780JK UT WOS:000189377400032 PM 14990490 ER PT J AU Burgess, I Li, M Horswell, SL Szymanski, G Lipkowski, J Majewski, J Satija, S AF Burgess, I Li, M Horswell, SL Szymanski, G Lipkowski, J Majewski, J Satija, S TI Electric field-driven transformations of a supported model biological membrane - An electrochemical and neutron reflectivity study SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYBRID BILAYER-MEMBRANES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MERCURY WATER INTERFACE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; LIPID LAYERS; SPECULAR REFLECTION; BIOMIMETIC SYSTEM; GOLD AB A mixed bilayer of cholesterol and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine has been formed on a gold-coated block of quartz by fusion of small unilamellar vesicles. The formation of this bilayer lipid membrane on a conductive surface allowed us to study the influence of the support's surface charge on the structure and hydration of the bilayer lipid membrane. We have employed electrochemical measurements and the specular reflection of neutrons to measure the thickness and water content in the bilayer lipid membrane as a function of the charge on the support's surface. When the surface charge density is close to zero, the lipid vesicles fuse directly on the surface to form a bilayer with a small number of defects and hence small water content. When the support's surface is negatively charged the film swells and incorporates water. When the charge density is more negative than -8 muC cm(-2), the bilayer starts to detach from the metal surface. However, it remains in a close proximity to the metal electrode, being suspended on a thin cushion of the electrolyte. The field-driven transformations of the bilayer lead to significant changes in the film thicknesses. At charge densities more negative than -20 muC cm(-2), the bilayer is similar to37 Angstrom thick and this number is comparable to the thickness determined for hydrated multilayers of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine from x-ray diffraction experiments. The thickness of the bilayer decreases at smaller charge densities to become equal to similar to26 Angstrom at zero charge. This result indicates that the tilt of the acyl chains with respect to the bilayer normal changes from similar to35degrees to 59degrees by moving from high negative charges (and potentials) to zero charge on the metal. C1 Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Ctr Grad Work Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lipkowski, J (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Ctr Grad Work Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM lipkowski@chembio.uoguelph.ca RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 60 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 43 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1763 EP 1776 DI 10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74244-7 PG 14 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 780JK UT WOS:000189377400045 PM 14990503 ER PT J AU Svensson, B Tiede, DM Nelson, DR Barry, BA AF Svensson, B Tiede, DM Nelson, DR Barry, BA TI Structural studies of the manganese stabilizing subunit in photosystem II SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING COMPLEX; X-RAY-SCATTERING; KDA EXTRINSIC PROTEIN; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PSBO PROTEIN; BINDING; POLYPEPTIDE AB Photosystem II (PSII) is the plant photosynthetic reaction center that carries out the light driven oxidation of water. The water splitting reactions are catalyzed at a tetranuclear manganese cluster. The manganese stabilizing protein (MSP) of PSII stabilizes the manganese cluster and accelerates the rate of oxygen evolution. MSP can be removed from PSII, with an accompanying decrease in activity. Either an Escherichia coli expressed version of MSP or native, plant IMSP can be rebound to the PSII reaction center; MSP reconstitution reverses the deleterious effects associated with IMSP removal. We have employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solution small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques to investigate the structure of MSP in solution and to define the structural changes that occur before and after reconstitution to PSII. FTIR and SAXS are complementary, because FTIR spectroscopy detects changes in MSP secondary structure and SAXS detects changes in MSP size/shape. From the SAXS data, we conclude that the size/shape and domain structure of MSP do not change when IMSP binds to PSII. From FTIR data acquired before and after reconstitution, we conclude that the reconstitution-induced increase in beta-sheet content, which was previously reported, persists after IMSP is removed from the PSII reaction center, However, the secondary structural change in MSP is metastable after removal from PSII, which indicates that this form of MSP is not the lowest energy conformation in solution. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Gortner Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barry, BA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM bridgette.barry@chemistry.gatech.edu NR 38 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1807 EP 1812 DI 10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74247-2 PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 780JK UT WOS:000189377400048 PM 14990506 ER PT J AU Askari, MDF Vo-Dinh, T AF Askari, MDF Vo-Dinh, T TI Implication of mitochondrial involvement in apoptotic activity of fragile histidine triad gene: Application of synchronous luminescence spectroscopy SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE mitochondria; apoptotic activity; fragile histidine triad gene; synchronous luminescence spectroscopy ID CENTRAL COORDINATING EVENT; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; CYTOCHROME-C; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; FHIT GENE; CELL-LINES; CYCLOSPORINE-A; CANCER-THERAPY; LUNG-CANCER; ACTIVATION AB The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) tumor suppressor gene incorporates the common human chromosomal fragile site at 3p14.2. The structure and expression of the FHIT gene are frequently altered in many cancers. The tumor suppressor activity of the FHIT gene has been previously demonstrated as potentially involving apoptotic induction. Here, mitochondria are implicated as being involved in the apoptotic activity of the FHIT gene. A number of morphological and biochemical events, including the disruption of the inner mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) and the release of apoptogenic cytochrome c protein into the cytoplasm, are characteristic features of the apoptotic program. The proapoptotic activity of the FHIT gene is studied by investigating the loss of DeltaPsi(m) in mitochondria and translocation of cytochrome c. Synchronous luminescence (SL) spectroscopy is applied to measure mitochondrial incorporation of rhodamine 123 for direct analysis of alterations in the mitochondrial DeltaPsi(m). The SL methodology is based on synchronous excitation in which the excitation and emission wavelengths are scanned simultaneously while a constant wavelength interval is maintained between the excitation and emission monochromators. An enhanced collapse of DeltaPsi(m) in apoptotically induced FHIT expressing cells compared to FHIT negative cells is observed. The loss of DeltaPsi(m) is greatly restricted in the presence of the apoprotic inhibitor, cyclosporin A. Cytoplasmic translocation of cytochrome c in the FHIT expressing cells as an early event in apoptosis is also demonstrated. It is concluded that Fhit protein expression maintained apoptotic function by altering the DeltaPsi(m) and by enhancing cytochrome c efflux from the mitochondria. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov NR 67 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD MAR PY 2004 VL 73 IS 4 BP 510 EP 523 DI 10.1002/bip.10544 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 801OM UT WOS:000220105200012 PM 14991669 ER PT J AU Lee, JCM Gimm, JA Lo, AJ Koury, MJ Krauss, SW Mohandas, N Chasis, JA AF Lee, JCM Gimm, JA Lo, AJ Koury, MJ Krauss, SW Mohandas, N Chasis, JA TI Mechanism of protein sorting during erythroblast enucleation: role of cytoskeletal connectivity SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID RED-BLOOD-CELL; TRANSMEMBRANE ALPHA-HELICES; NORMAL HUMAN ERYTHROPOIESIS; GLYCOPHORIN-A DIMERIZATION; RETICULOCYTE MATURATION; ASYNCHRONOUS SYNTHESIS; BAND-3 INTERACTION; MEMBRANE RIGIDITY; SKELETAL PROTEINS; WRIGHT ANTIGENS AB During erythroblast enucleation, nuclei surrounded by plasma membrane separate from erythroblast cytoplasm. A key aspect of this process is sorting of erythroblast plasma membrane components to reticulocytes and expelled nuclei. Although it is known that cytoskeletal elements actin and spectrin partition to reticulocytes, little is understood about molecular mechanisms governing plasma membrane protein sorting. We chose glycophorin A (GPA) as a model integral protein to begin investigating protein-sorting mechanisms. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting we found that GPA sorted predominantly to reticulocytes. We hypothesized that the degree of skeletal linkage might control the sorting pattern of transmembrane proteins. To explore this hypothesis, we quantified the extent of GPA association to the cytoskeleton in erythroblasts, young reticulocytes, and mature erythrocytes using fluorescence imaged microdeformation (FIMD) and observed that GPA underwent dramatic reorganization during terminal differentiation. We discovered that GPA was more connected to the membrane cytoskeleton, either directly or indirectly, in erythroblasts and young reticulocytes than in mature cells. We conclude that skeletal protein association can regulate protein sorting during enucleation. Further, we suggest that the enhanced rigidity of reticulocyte membranes observed in earlier investigations results, at least in part, from increased connectivity of GPA with the spectrin-based skeleton. (C) 2004 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept BIol Engn, Columbia, MO USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Chasis, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 74,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jachasis@lbl.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK26263, DK32094, DK56267] NR 53 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 2021 L ST NW, SUITE 900, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 EI 1528-0020 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1912 EP 1919 DI 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0928 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 778NM UT WOS:000189247700058 PM 14563645 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ TI Gauge theories on the light-front SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23th Brazilian National Meeting on Particles and Fields (ENFPC) CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL Aguas de Lindoia, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Phys Soc ID QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; FIELD-THEORY; INTRINSIC CHARM; WAVE-FUNCTION; FORM-FACTORS; HEAVY-QUARK; QCD; SPIN; MOMENTUM; MESONS AB The light-front quantization of gauge theories in light-cone gauge provides a frame-independent wavefunction representation of relativistic bound states, simple forms for current matrix elements, explicit unitary, and a trivial vacuum. The light-front Hamiltonian form of QCD provides an alternative to lattice gauge theory for the computation of nonperturbative quantities such as the hadronic spectrum and the corresponding eigenfunctions. In the case of the electroweak theory, spontaneous symmetry breaking is represented by the appearance of zero modes of the Higgs field. Light-front quantization then leads to an elegant ghost-free theory of massive gauge particles, automatically incorporating the Lorentz and 't Hooft conditions, as well as the Goldstone boson equivalence theorem. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0103-9733 EI 1678-4448 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1A SI SI BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332004000200003 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 810KO UT WOS:000220703400003 ER PT J AU Fraga, ES Venugopalan, R AF Fraga, ES Venugopalan, R TI Finite-size constraints on nucleation of hadrons in a quark-gluon plasma SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23th Brazilian National Meeting on Particles and Fields (ENFPC) CY OCT 15-19, 2002 CL Aguas Lindoia, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Phys Soc ID 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITIONS; METASTABLE STATES; EARLY UNIVERSE; COLLISIONS; DYNAMICS; CONDENSATION; SIGNATURES; INTERFACE; BUBBLES; MATTER AB We discuss finite-size effects on homogeneous nucleation in first-order phase transitions. We study their implications for cosmological phase transitions and to the hadronization of a quark-gluon plasma generated in high-energy heavy ion collisions. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res tr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fraga, ES (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Cx P 68528, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Fraga, Eduardo/H-6010-2016 OI Fraga, Eduardo/0000-0001-5340-156X NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1A SI SI BP 315 EP 318 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332004000200039 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 810KO UT WOS:000220703400039 ER PT J AU Chellappa, R Russell, R Chandra, D AF Chellappa, R Russell, R Chandra, D TI Thermodynamic modeling of the C(CH2OH)(4)-(NH2) (CH3)C(CH2OH)(2) binary system SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PENTAGLYCERINE-NEOPENTYLGLYCOL MIXTURES; ORIENTATIONALLY DISORDERED CRYSTALS; NONISOMORPHOUS PLASTIC PHASES; MOLECULAR MIXED-CRYSTALS; NEOPENTANE DERIVATIVES; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEMS; PENTAERYTHRITOL; TRANSITIONS; MISCIBILITY; ALLOYS AB A new calculated phase diagram of pentaerythritol [PE: C(CH2OH)(4)]-2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol [AMPL: (NH2)(CH3) C(CH2OH)(2)] 'plastic crystals' is presented. The low temperature PE-rich alpha phase has a tetragonal structure whereas the AMPL-rich beta phase has a monoclinic structure. Upon heating, these low temperature alpha or beta phases transform to high temperature gamma or gamma' plastic crystal phases. The PE-rich gamma phase has an FCC structure and the AMPL-rich gamma' phase has a BCC structure. The system exhibits complex behavior with one low temperature peritectoid, a high temperature eutectoid, and a peritectic. The alpha and beta phases are assumed to be regular solutions and the plastic crystal phases (gamma and gamma') are described using sub-regular solution models. The optimization for excess Gibbs energy parameters was performed using Thermo-Calc (TCC) software. The magnitudes of the interaction parameters are relatively large compared to those for similar plastic crystal binary systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chandra, D (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Met & Mat Engn, MS 388, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dchandra@unr.edu NR 54 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2004.03.07 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 843PQ UT WOS:000223097000001 ER PT J AU Russell, R Chellappa, R Chandra, D AF Russell, R Chellappa, R Chandra, D TI Determination of the phase diagram of the binary system C(CH2OH)(4)-(NH2) (CH3)C(CH2OH)(2) by high resolution Guinier diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NONISOMORPHOUS PLASTIC PHASES; THERMAL-ENERGY STORAGE; MOLECULAR ALLOYS; MIXED-CRYSTALS; NEOPENTYLGLYCOL-PENTAERYTHRITOL; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEMS; MISCIBILITY; 2-AMINO-2-METHYL-1,3-PROPANEDIOL; THERMODYNAMICS; TRANSITIONS AB The phase diagram of the pentaerythritol [(PE): C(CH2OH)(4)]-2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol [AMPL: (NH2)(CH3)C(CH2OH)(2)] 'plastic crystal' binary system is presented in this paper. The phase stabilities and boundaries have been determined using high temperature Guinier x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The phase diagram is rather complex with three invariant equilibria: a peritectoid at 357 K, the eutectoid at 423 K, and a peritectic at 457 K. A summary of all the phase transitions occurring in the system, along with the enthalpies of fusion, DSC plots, and high temperature x-ray diffraction patterns is presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chandra, D (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Met & Mat Engn, MS 388, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM raja@unr.edu; dchandra@unr.edu NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2004.04.001 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 843PQ UT WOS:000223097000004 ER PT J AU Kerr, LA Andrews, AH Frantz, BR Coale, KH Brown, TA Cailliet, GM AF Kerr, LA Andrews, AH Frantz, BR Coale, KH Brown, TA Cailliet, GM TI Radiocarbon in otoliths of yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus): a reference time series for the coastal waters of southeast Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POST-BOMB RADIOCARBON; FISH OTOLITHS; PACIFIC RADIOCARBON; AGE-DETERMINATION; PRE-BOMB; C-14; CORAL; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE AB Atmospheric testing of thermonuclear devices during the 1950s and 1960s created a global radiocarbon ((14)C) signal that has provided a useful tracer and chronological marker in oceanic systems and organisms. The bomb-generated (14)C signal retained in fish otoliths can be used as a time-specific recorder of the (14)C present in ambient seawater, making it a useful tool in age validation of fishes. The goal of this study was to determine (14)C in otoliths of the age-validated yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) to establish a reference time series for the coastal waters of southeast Alaska. Radiocarbon values from the first year's growth of 43 yelloweye rockfish otoliths plotted against estimated birth year produced a (14)C time series (1940-1990) for these waters. The initial rise of (14)C occurred in 1958 and (14)C levels rose to peak values (60-70e) between 1966 and 1971, with a subsequent declining trend through the end of the record in 1990 (-3.2e). In addition, the (14)C data confirmed the longevity of the yelloweye rockfish to a minimum of 44 years and strongly support higher age estimates. This (14)C time series will be useful for the interpretation of (14)C accreted in biological samples from these waters. C1 Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kerr, LA (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM kerr@cbl.umces.edu RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 61 IS 3 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1139/F04-009 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 814SC UT WOS:000220993400011 ER PT J AU DeVault, TL Brisbin, IL Rhodes, OE AF DeVault, TL Brisbin, IL Rhodes, OE TI Factors influencing the acquisition of rodent carrion by vertebrate scavengers and decomposers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SMALL MAMMAL CARRION; TEMPERATE SYSTEMS; CARCASSES; BEHAVIOR; ENERGY; SNAKES AB Vertebrate scavengers and decomposers compete for animal carcasses in all temperate and tropical ecosystems. We examined the influence of carcass size, forest type, and air temperature on the fate of rodent carcasses at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA. Three hundred rodent carcasses were placed at random locations in forested habitats and scavengers were identified using remote photography. Seventeen species of vertebrates removed 104 of 300 (35%) rodent carcasses over a year. Raccoons (Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758)) and Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792) scavenged most frequently. For scavenged carcasses, the mean time to carcass removal was 2.58 days after placement. Carcass acquisition by scavengers and decomposers was influenced moderately by forest type and carcass size, although ambient air temperature considerably influenced the fate of carcasses. Vertebrates removed fewer carcasses as temperatures increased: only 28 of 144 (19%) carcasses were scavenged when temperatures exceeded 17 degreesC. The temporal pattern of carcass removal by vertebrates, however, did not vary with temperature. Consistent rates of carcass removal by vertebrates across the year and increased activity by insects during warm weather led to elevated levels of decomposition during summer months. This study confirms the complexity and dynamic nature of competitive relationships among scavengers and decomposers. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP DeVault, TL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tdevault@fnr.purdue.edu NR 31 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 38 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 82 IS 3 BP 502 EP 509 DI 10.1139/Z04-022 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 827WQ UT WOS:000221934800013 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ Bobo, JK Caplan, L AF Coughlin, SS Uhler, RJ Bobo, JK Caplan, L TI Breast cancer screening practices among women in the United States, 2000 SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE blacks; breast cancer; cancer prevention and control; clinical breast examination; Hispanics; mammography ID LOW-INCOME; CERVICAL-CANCER; HISPANIC WOMEN; AMERICAN WOMEN; PRIMARY-CARE; WHITE WOMEN; PAP SMEAR; MAMMOGRAPHY; BLACK; POPULATION AB Results from recent studies indicate that many women in the US undergo routine screening for breast cancer, but some groups of women are under-screened. In this study, we examined the breast cancer screening practices of white and black women in the United States, according to Hispanic ethnicity and other factors, using data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Among women aged greater than or equal to40 years, 71.2% (95% confidence interval, CI: 70.0-72.4%) of the 8201 white women and 67.6% (95% CI: 64.5-70.6%) of the 1474 black women in this sample reported having a mammogram in the past two years. About 60.3% (95% CI: 56.7-70.3%) of 970 Hispanic women (including those who reported they were white or black) and 71.5% (95% CI: 70.3-72.7%) of 8705 non-Hispanic women reported having a mammogram in the past two years. About 74.8% (95% CI: 73.8-76.8%) of 8176 white women and 73.8% (95% CI: 71.1-76.6%) of 1471 black women aged greater than or equal to40 years had received a clinical breast examination in the past two years. About 60.1% (95% CI: 56.1-64.0%) of 969 Hispanic women (including those who reported they were white or black) and 75.6% (95% CI: 74.6-76.6%) of 8678 non-Hispanic women had received a clinical breast examination in the past two years. Women with lower incomes, those with less education, and recent immigrants were less likely to be screened. Women who had a usual source of health care and those with health insurance coverage were more likely to have been screened. These results underscore the need for continued efforts to ensure that uninsured women and those who are medically underserved have access to cancer screening services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sic9@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAR PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1023/B:CACO.0000019496.30145.62 PG 12 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 803FS UT WOS:000220217600007 PM 15017128 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, S Palmer, LJ Kim, JY Aeschliman, DB Houk, RS Woodin, MA Christiani, DC AF Mukherjee, S Palmer, LJ Kim, JY Aeschliman, DB Houk, RS Woodin, MA Christiani, DC TI Smoking status and occupational exposure affects oxidative DNA injury in boilermakers exposed to metal fume and residual oil fly ash SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LUNG INJURY; URINARY 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; COAL-TAR; DAMAGE; 8-HYDROXYDEOXYGUANOSINE; WORKERS; BIOMARKER; MARKER AB Epidemiologic studies demonstrate increased cancer incidence among workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and metals, probably through cumulative oxidative DNA damage in response to carcinogens. Boilermakers are exposed to particulates of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) and metal fume that contain carcinogenic PAH and metals. We conducted a repeated-measures cohort study in boilermakers during the overhaul of an oil-fired boiler to determine a possible association between the level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG; an oxidative injury biomarker) and biomarkers of PAH (1-hydroxypyrene; 1-OHP) and metal exposure. Preshift and postshift urine samples were analyzed for 8-OH-dG, cotinine, 1-OHP, and metals. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the multivariate relationship of 8-OH-dG to the explanatory variables of interest. Biomarker levels were determined for 181 urine samples from 20 male subjects (mean age 45 years, 50% smokers). Metal and 1-OHP levels increased cross-week and were affected by smoking status. Levels of 8-OH-dG were higher in nonsmokers at the start of the workweek yet declined after occupational exposure to similar levels as in smokers. Multivariate analysis indicated that metal x cotinine interaction terms for nickel, vanadium, chromium, and copper were significantly associated with the 8-OH-dG level, but there were differential effects depending on the metal. This study suggests that oxidative DNA damage in boilermakers is influenced. by the interaction between occupational exposures and smoking status. In addition, boilermakers may have reduced ability to repair damaged DNA after ROFA and metal fume exposure. This finding has clinical relevance because these exposures may increase the cancer susceptibility of boilermakers. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Hlth Program, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Christiani, DC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Room 1402,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM dchris@hohp.harvard.edu RI Palmer, Lyle/K-3196-2014 OI Palmer, Lyle/0000-0002-1628-3055 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA94715]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09860] NR 44 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 454 EP 460 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 801FE UT WOS:000220081000019 PM 15006923 ER PT J AU LaRue, KEA Khalil, M Freyer, JP AF LaRue, KEA Khalil, M Freyer, JP TI Microenvironmental regulation of proliferation in multicellular spheroids is mediated through differential expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL; ALTERED SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; ANCHORAGE-INDEPENDENT GROWTH; CELL-CYCLE; BREAST-CANCER; P27(KIP1) EXPRESSION; TUMOR SPHEROIDS; SOLID TUMORS; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; DIFFERENT REGIONS AB Multicellular spheroids composed of transformed cells are known to mimic the growth characteristics of tumors and to develop gradients in proliferation with increasing size. This progressive accumulation of quiescent cells is presumably an active process that occurs in response to the microenvironmental stresses that develop within the three-dimensional structure, and, yet, little is known regarding either the signals that induce the cell cycle arrest or the molecular basis for the halt in proliferation. We have previously reported that regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (CKIs) differs in monolayer versus spheroid cell culture. In this study, we have examined the expression of three CKIs in EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma and MEL28 human melanoma spheroids, as a function both of spheroid size and of location within the spheroid. We report that expression of the CKIs p18(INK4c), p21(warf1/cip1) and p27(Kip1) all increase as the spheroid grows and develops a quiescent cell fraction. However, by examining protein expression in discrete regions of the spheroid, we have found that only p18(INK4c) and p27(Kip1) expression positively correlate with growth arrest, whereas p21(waf1/cip1) is expressed predominantly in proliferating cells. Further analysis indicated that, in the quiescent cells, p18(INK4c) is found in increasing association with CDK6, whereas p27(KiP1) associates predominantly with CDK2. In MEL28 cells, CDK2 activity is completely abrogated in the inner regions of the spheroid, whereas in EMT6 cells, CDK2 activity decreases in accordance with a decrease in expression. We also observed a decrease in all cell cycle regulatory proteins in the innermost spheroid fraction, including CDKs, CKIs, and cyclins. Induction of CKIs from separate families, as well as their association with distinct target CDKs, suggests that there may be multiple checkpoints activated to ensure cell cycle arrest in non-growth-conducive environments. Furthermore, because very similar observations were made in both a human melanoma cell line and a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line, our results indicate that these checkpoints, as well as the signal transduction pathways that activate them, are highly conserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Freyer, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM freyer@lanl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA71898, CA80316]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07845] NR 94 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1621 EP 1631 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-2902-2 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 780DY UT WOS:000189357800012 PM 14996720 ER PT J AU Rodland, KD AF Rodland, KD TI The role of the calcium-sensing receptor in cancer SO CELL CALCIUM LA English DT Article DE calcium-sensing receptor; cancer; cancer management ID SURFACE EPITHELIAL-CELLS; HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN; EXTRACELLULAR CA2+-SENSING RECEPTOR; PARATHYROID ADENOMAS; BREAST-CANCER; CACO-2 CELLS; VITAMIN-D; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLIFERATION AB The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a versatile sensor of small, polycationic molecules ranging from Ca2+ and Mg2+ through polyarginine, spermine, and neomycin. The sensitivity of the CaR to changes in extracellular Ca2+ over the range of 0.05-5 mM positions the CaR as a key mediator of cellular responses to physiologically relevant changes in extracellular Ca2+. For many cell types, including intestinal epithelial cells, breast epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and ovarian surface epithelial cells, changes in extracellular Ca2+ concentration over this range can switch the cellular behaviour from proliferation to terminal differentiation or quiescence. As cancer is predominantly a disease of disordered balance between proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, disruptions in the function of the CaR could contribute to the progression of neoplastic disease. Loss of the growth suppressing effects of elevated extracellular Ca2+ have been demonstrated in parathyroid hyperplasias and in colon carcinoma, and have been correlated with changes in the level of CaR expression. Activation of the CaR has also been linked to increased expression and secretion of PTHrP (parathyroid hormone-related peptide), a primary causal factor in hypercalcemia of malignancy and a contributor to metastatic processes involving bone. Although mutation of the CaR does not appear to be an early event in carcinogenesis, loss or upregulation of normal CaR function can contribute to several aspects of neoplastic progression, so that therapeutic strategies directed at the CaR could potentially serve a supportive function in cancer management. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rodland, KD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 47 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0143-4160 J9 CELL CALCIUM JI Cell Calcium PD MAR PY 2004 VL 35 IS 3 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.ceca.2003.10.011 PG 5 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 801FM UT WOS:000220081800013 PM 15200153 ER PT J AU Tel, T Nishikawa, T Motter, AE Grebogi, C Toroczkai, Z AF Tel, T Nishikawa, T Motter, AE Grebogi, C Toroczkai, Z TI Universality in active chaos SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID ZHABOTINSKY REACTION; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; FLOWS; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; FLUID; OCEAN; ADVECTION; PLANKTON; SYSTEMS AB Many examples of chemical and biological processes take place in large-scale environmental flows. Such flows generate filamental patterns which are often fractal due to the presence of chaos in the underlying advection dynamics. In such processes, hydrodynamical stirring strongly couples into the reactivity of the advected species and might thus make the traditional treatment of the problem through partial differential equations difficult. Here we present a simple approach for the activity in inhomogeneously stirred flows. We show that the fractal patterns serving as skeletons and catalysts lead to a rate equation with a universal form that is independent of the flow, of the particle properties, and of the details of the active process. One aspect of the universality of our approach is that it also applies to reactions among particles of finite size (so-called inertial particles). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Complex Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tel, T (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. EM tnishi@smu.edu RI Toroczkai, Zoltan/A-3421-2008; Nishikawa, Takashi/B-3752-2010 OI Toroczkai, Zoltan/0000-0002-6602-2849; Nishikawa, Takashi/0000-0002-2147-0242 NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1063/1.1626391 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 778WQ UT WOS:000189264700009 PM 15003046 ER PT J AU Ostroverkhov, V Waychunas, GA Shen, YR AF Ostroverkhov, V Waychunas, GA Shen, YR TI Vibrational spectra of water at water/alpha-quartz (0001) interface SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; MOLECULES; SURFACES; MONOLAYER; CRYSTALS; ICE AB Selected beam geometry allows us to suppress the bulk contribution to sum-frequency generation from crystalline quartz and use sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy to study water/alpha-quartz interfaces with different bulk pH values. The spectra are qualitatively similar to those of water/fused-quartz interfaces, but display an ice-like peak that resembles very closely that of a real ice surface, providing the first evidence to the belief that water molecules at a crystalline oxide surface form a more ordered hydrogen-bonding network. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ostroverkhov, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM victoro@uclink.berkeley.edu NR 25 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 6 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 386 IS 1-3 BP 144 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.01.047 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 778MA UT WOS:000189244300025 ER PT J AU Wang, LH Hingerty, BE Shapiro, R Broyde, S AF Wang, LH Hingerty, BE Shapiro, R Broyde, S TI Structural and stereoisomer effects of model estrogen quinone-derived DNA adducts: N-6-(2-hydroxyestron-6(alpha,beta)-yl)-2 '-deoxyadenosine and N-2-(2-hydroxyestron-6(alpha,beta)-yl)-2 '-deoxyguanosine SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; EPOXIDE-DEOXYADENOSINE ADDUCTS; CATECHOL ORTHO-QUINONES; MUTATIONAL HOT-SPOTS; HAMSTER EMBRYO CELLS; N-RAS MUTATIONS; SOLUTION CONFORMATION; DAMAGE RECOGNITION; BREAST-CANCER; MINOR-GROOVE AB An extensive conformational analysis has been carried out for two diastereoisomeric pairs of model estrogen quinone-derived DNA adducts, N-6-(2-hydroxyestron-6(alpha,beta)-yl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (2-OHE1-6(alpha,beta)-N-6-dA) and N-2-(2-hydroxyestron-6(alpha,beta)-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (2-OHE1-6(alpha,beta)-N-2-dG), in a B-DNA duplex and at a primer-template junction in a pol alpha family DNA polymerase. In vitro primer extension studies in pol alpha [Terashima, I., et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 13807-13815] have shown that the adenine adducts can incorporate dT, together with a small proportion of the incorrect base dC opposite the lesion, and they block less strongly than the guanine adducts. We have carried out conformational searches with energy minimization for four DNA duplexes containing 2-OHE1-6alpha-N-6-dA, 2-OHE1-6beta-N-6-dA, 2-OHE1-6alpha-N-2-dG, or 2-OHE1-6beta-N-2-dG. Our searches revealed that the four-ring nonplanar 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) moiety strongly prefers to reside in the major groove of the adenine adducts or the minor groove of the guanine adducts in a B-DNA duplex, with stereochemistry-dependent orientational differences in each case. No low energy conformations involving intercalation of the 2-OHE1 moiety were located in the searches. This stems from the largely nonplanar, nonaromatic nature of the 2-OHE1 ring system and implies that the proclivity for such bulky, nonplanar adducts to reside at the DNA helix exterior is a plausible conformational feature of other structurally similar estrogen quinone-derived DNA adducts, independent of base sequence context. In addition, the adenine adduct isomers, located in the major groove, manifest serious disturbance to the Watson-Crick base pairs at and near the lesion site, suggesting repair susceptibility. Possible structures of these adducts in a pol a family polymerase were also investigated through molecular modeling. The results rationalized the experimental in vitro primer extension studies. In addition, poor accommodation of the beta-stereoisomers within the polymerase was noted, suggesting that these stereoisomers would be more prone to cause blockage. Stereochemistry-dependent differences in adduct orientation could be expected to produce different biochemical effects, as has been observed in adducts derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Broyde, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM broyde@nyu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA28038, CA75449] NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 311 EP 324 DI 10.1021/tx034218l PG 14 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 804MU UT WOS:000220303600005 PM 15025501 ER PT J AU Jiang, GH Jankowiak, R Grubor, N Banasiewicz, M Small, GJ Skorvaga, M Van Houten, B States, JC AF Jiang, GH Jankowiak, R Grubor, N Banasiewicz, M Small, GJ Skorvaga, M Van Houten, B States, JC TI Supercoiled DNA promotes formation of intercalated cis-N-2-deoxyguanine adducts and base-stacked trans-N-2-deoxyguanine adducts by (+)-7R,8S-dihydrodiol-9S,10R-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetra-hydrobenzo[a]pyrene SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; P-32 POSTLABELING ASSAY; DIOL-EPOXIDE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTI-BENZOPYRENE DIOLEPOXIDE; I SENSITIVITY; SMOKERS LUNG; BENZOPYRENE; CONFORMATION AB The highly reactive and mutagenic benzo[a]pyrene metabolite, (+)-7R,8S-dihydroxy-9S,10R-epoxy- 7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo [a] pyrene (BPDE), forms predominantly N-2-deoxyguanine DNA adducts in two stereoisomeric configurations (cis and trans). In previous in vitro assays using oligonucleotide substrates site specifically modified with cis- and trans-BPDE adducts, the nucleotide excision repair (NER) systems of eukaryotes and prokaryotes incise cis-BPDE adducts more efficiently than trans-BPDE adducts [Hess, et al. (1997) Mol. Cell Blol 17, 7069; Zou, et al. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 2923). We investigated the influence of DNA secondary structure on stereospecificity of BPDE adduct formation, and incision of BPDE adducts by the prokaryotic UvrABC NER endonuclease was examined. BPDE adducts formed at low density on supercoiled plasmids were incised 6-7-fold better by the thermoresistant Bacillus caldotenax UvrABC than were BPDE adducts formed on linear DNA. Linearizing supercoiled plasmid DNAs after BPDE adduct formation did not diminish incision efficiency. These results suggested that configuration and/or conformation of adducts formed on linear and supercoiled DNAs differed. This hypothesis was confirmed by low temperature fluorescence spectroscopy of adducted supercoiled and linear DNAs. Spectroscopic results indicated that intercalated cis-BPDE adducts as well as base-stacked trans-BPDE adducts formed more abundantly in supercoiled DNA than in linear DNA. A higher cis to trans adduct ratio in supercoiled DNA was confirmed by high resolution [P-32]postlabeling analyses. These results demonstrate that DNA secondary structure influences both configuration and conformation of BPDE adducts formed at low density (similar to1 adduct/kbp) and suggests that the ratio of cis- to trans-BPDE adducts and amount of base-stacked trans adducts formed under physiological exposure conditions may be higher than inferred from high dose experiments. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP States, JC (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM jcstates@louisville.edu RI States, J./H-4246-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1R01-ES06460] NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.1021/tx034184h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 804MU UT WOS:000220303600007 PM 15025503 ER PT J AU Le, HD Donaldson, KM Cook, KR Karpen, GH AF Le, HD Donaldson, KM Cook, KR Karpen, GH TI A high proportion of genes involved in position effect variegation also affect chromosome inheritance SO CHROMOSOMA LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL DROSOPHILA CENTROMERE; FISSION YEAST; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN-1; CENTRIC HETEROCHROMATIN; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; MELANOGASTER; SEGREGATION; MUTATIONS; MINICHROMOSOME AB Suppressors and enhancers of position effect variegation (PEV) have been linked to the establishment and maintenance of heterochromatin. The presence of centromeres and other inheritance elements in heterochromatic regions suggests that suppressors and enhancers of PEV, Su(var) s and E(var)s [collectively termed Mod(var)s], may be required for chromosome inheritance. In order to test this hypothesis, we screened 59 ethyl methanesulfonate-generated Drosophila Mod(var)s for dominant effects on the partially compromised inheritance of a minichromosome (J21A) missing a portion of the genetically defined centromere. Nearly half of these Mod(var)s significantly increased or decreased the transmission of J21A. Analyses of homozygous mutant larval neuroblasts suggest that these mutations affect cell cycle progression and native chromosome morphology. Five out of six complementation groups tested displayed mitotic abnormalities, including phenotypes such as telomere fusions, overcondensed chromosomes, and low mitotic index. We conclude that Mod(var)s as a group are highly enriched for genes that encode essential inheritance functions. We propose that a primary function of Mod(var)s is to promote chromosome inheritance, and that the gene silencing phenotype associated with PEV may be a secondary consequence of the heterochromatic structures required to carry out these functions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Karpen, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-84R0171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM karpen@fruitfly.org OI Cook, Kevin/0000-0001-9260-364X FU NCI NIH HHS [T32 CA009370, CA-09370]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066272, R01 GM 54549, R01 GM066272-03] NR 52 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0009-5915 J9 CHROMOSOMA JI Chromosoma PD MAR PY 2004 VL 112 IS 6 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s00412-003-0272-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 806UK UT WOS:000220458600001 PM 14767778 ER PT J AU Chylek, P Box, JE Lesins, G AF Chylek, P Box, JE Lesins, G TI Global warming and the Greenland ice sheet SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEA-LEVEL RISE; MASS-BALANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SNOW ACCUMULATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; GLACIER MELT; PRECIPITATION AB The Greenland coastal temperatures have followed the early 20th century global warming trend. Since 1940, however, the Greenland coastal stations data have undergone predominantly a cooling trend. At the summit of the Greenland ice sheet the summer average temperature has decreased at the rate of 2.2degreesC per decade since the beginning of the measurements in 1987. This suggests that the Greenland ice sheet and coastal regions are not following the current global warming trend. A considerable and rapid warming over all of coastal Greenland occurred in the 1920s when the average annual surface air temperature rose between 2 and 4 degreesC in less than ten years (at some stations the increase in winter temperature was as high as 6degreesC). This rapid warming, at a time when the change in anthropogenic production of greenhouse gases was well below the current level, suggests a high natural variability in the regional climate. High anticorrelations (r = -0.84 to -0.93) between the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) index and Greenland temperature time series suggest a physical connection between these processes. Therefore, the future changes in the NAO and Northern Annular Mode may be of critical consequence to the future temperature forcing of the Greenland ice sheet melt rates. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. RP Chylek, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chylek@lanl.gov RI Box, Jason/H-5770-2013 NR 68 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2004 VL 63 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 221 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000018509.74228.03 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 800BZ UT WOS:000220005200007 ER PT J AU Ossadtchi, A Baillet, S Mosher, JC Thyerlei, D Sutherling, W Leahy, RM AF Ossadtchi, A Baillet, S Mosher, JC Thyerlei, D Sutherling, W Leahy, RM TI Automated interictal spike detection and source localization in magnetoencephalography using independent components analysis and spatio-temporal clustering SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE interictal spike; epilepsy; automatic detection; independent component analysis; RAP-MUSIC ID SYSTEMATIC SOURCE ESTIMATION; RAP-MUSIC; EPILEPTIC SPIKES; EEG; RECOGNITION; COMBINATION; TRANSIENTS; ALGORITHM AB Objective: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) dipole localization of epileptic spikes is useful in epilepsy surgery for mapping the extent of abnormal cortex and to focus intracranial electrodes. Visually analyzing large amounts of data produces fatigue and error. Most automated techniques are based on matching of interictal spike templates or predictive filtering of the data and do not explicitly include source localization as part of the analysis. This leads to poor sensitivity versus specificity characteristics. We describe a fully automated method that combines time-series analysis with source localization to detect clusters of focal neuronal current generators within the brain that produce interictal spike activity. Methods: We first use an ICA (independent components analysis) method to decompose the multichannel MEG data and identify those components that exhibit spike-like characteristics. From these detected spikes we then find those whose spatial topographies across the array are consistent with focal neural sources, and determine the foci of equivalent current dipoles and their associated time courses. We then perform a clustering of the localized dipoles based on distance metrics that takes into consideration both their locations and time courses. The final step of refinement consists of retaining only those clusters that are statistically significant. The average locations and time series from significant clusters comprise the final output of our method. Results and Significance: Data were processed from 4 patients with partial focal epilepsy. In all three subjects for whom surgical resection was performed, clusters were found in the vicinity of the resectioned area. Conclusions: The presented procedure is promising and likely to be useful to the physician as a more sensitive, automated and objective method to help in the localization of the interictal spike zone of intractable partial seizures. The final output can be visually verified by neurologists in terms of both the location and distribution of the dipole clusters and their associated time series. Due to the clinical relevance and demonstrated promise of this method, further investigation of this approach is warranted. (C) 2004 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Signal & Image Proc Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. La Salpetriere Hosp, CNRS, Cognet Neurosci & Brain Imaging Lab, Paris, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Huntington Mem Hosp, Epilepsy & Brain Mapping Program, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA. RP Leahy, RM (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn, Signal & Image Proc Inst, 3740 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM leahy@sipi.usc.edu RI Ossadtchi, Alexei/M-9067-2013 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB002010]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS020806] NR 29 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1388-2457 J9 CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI Clin. Neurophysiol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 115 IS 3 BP 508 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.clinph.2003.10.036 PG 15 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 804MX UT WOS:000220303900002 PM 15036046 ER PT J AU Kostova, T Carlsen, T Kercher, J AF Kostova, T Carlsen, T Kercher, J TI Individual-based spatially-explicit model of an herbivore and its resource: the effect of habitat reduction and fragmentation SO COMPTES RENDUS BIOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE complexity; population dynamics; self-organization; population waves; individual-based models ID HOME RANGE SIZE; MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; PRAIRIE VOLE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION-MODEL; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; EASTERN KANSAS; PENNSYLVANICUS; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS AB We present an individual-based, spatially-explicit model of the dynamics of a small mammal and its resource. The life histories of each individual animal are modeled separately. The individuals can have the status of residents or wanderers and belong to behaviorally differing groups of juveniles or adults and males or females. Their territory defending and monogamous behavior is taken into consideration. The resource, green vegetation, grows depending on seasonal climatic characteristics and is diminished due to the herbivore's grazing. Other specifics such as a varying personal energetic level due to feeding and starvation of the individuals, mating preferences, avoidance of competitors, dispersal of juveniles, as a result of site overgrazing, etc., are included in the model. We determined model parameters from real data for the species Microtus ochrogaster (prairie vole). The simulations are done for a case of an enclosed habitat without predators or other species competitors. The goal of the study is to find the relation between size of habitat and population persistence. The experiments with the model show the populations go extinct due to severe overgrazing, but that the length of population persistence depends on the area of the habitat as well as on the presence of fragmentation. Additionally, the total population size of the vole population obtained during the simulations exhibits yearly fluctuations as well as multi-yearly peaks of fluctuations. This dynamics is similar to the one observed in prairie vole field studies. (C) 2004 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kostova, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-550, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kostova@llnl.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 13 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0691 J9 CR BIOL JI C. R. Biol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 327 IS 3 BP 261 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.crvi.2003.11.010 PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 815OQ UT WOS:000221052000011 PM 15127897 ER PT J AU Endres, RG Fong, CY Yang, LH Witte, G Woll, C AF Endres, RG Fong, CY Yang, LH Witte, G Woll, C TI Structural and electronic properties of pentacene molecule and molecular pentacene solid SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pentacene; molecular crystals; organic semiconductors; charge transport; band structure; density-functional theory; band gap ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LONG-RANGE BEHAVIOR; LARGE SYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CRYSTALS; DISPLAY; PROGRAM; SILICON AB The structural and electronic properties of a single pentacene molecule and a pentacene molecular crystal, an organic semiconductor, are examined by a first-principles method based on the generalized gradient approximation of density functional theory. Calculations on the crystal were carried out for a triclinic unit cell containing two pentacene molecules. The bandwidths of the valence and conduction bands which determine the charge migration mechanism are found to depend strongly on the crystallographic direction. Along the triclinic reciprocal lattice vectors a* and b* which are orientated approximately perpendicular to the molecular axes the maximal valence (conduction) band width amounts to only 75 (59) meV, even smaller values are obtained for the c* direction parallel to molecular axes. Along the stacking directions a* + b* and a* - b*, however, the maximal valence (conduction) band width is found to reach 145 (260) meV. The value for the conduction band width is larger than estimates for the polaron binding energy but significantly smaller than recent results obtained by semiempirical methods. The single molecule has a HOMO-LUMO gap of about 1.1 eV as deduced from the Kohn-Sham eigenvalue differences. When using the self-consistent field method, which is expected to yield more reliable results, a value of 4.73 eV is obtained. The theoretical value for the band gap in the molecular solid amounts to 1.0 eV at the Gamma-point. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div H, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Phys Chem 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Endres, RG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM endresrg@ornl.gov RI Woll, Christof/D-5563-2011 OI Woll, Christof/0000-0003-1078-3304 NR 39 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 362 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2003.09.006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 770ZT UT WOS:000188761800009 ER PT J AU Narasimhan, C Ward, R Kruse, KL Guddati, M Mahinthakumar, G AF Narasimhan, C Ward, R Kruse, KL Guddati, M Mahinthakumar, G TI A high resolution computer model for sound propagation in the human thorax based on the Visible Human data set SO COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sound propagation; human thorax; visible human data set; parallel computing ID NORMAL BREATH SOUNDS; RESPIRATORY SOUNDS; PHASE-DELAY; CHEST-WALL; AIR-FLOW; LUNG; TRANSMISSION; AMPLITUDE; ASYMMETRY; INFANTS AB A parallel supercomputer model based on realistic tissue data is developed for sound propagation in the human thorax and the sound propagation behavior is analyzed under various conditions using artificial sound sources. The model uses the Visible Human(R)(1) male data set for a realistic representation of the human thorax. The results were analyzed in time and frequency domains. The analysis suggests that lower frequencies of around 100 Hz are more effectively transmitted through the thorax and that the spatial confinement of sound waves within the thorax results in a resonance effect at around 1500 Hz. The results confirm previous studies that show the size of the thorax plays a significant role in the type of sound generated at the chest wall. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Mahinthakumar, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gmkumar@eos.ncsu.edu RI Guddati, Murthy/A-8474-2009 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-4825 J9 COMPUT BIOL MED JI Comput. Biol. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 34 IS 2 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0010-4825(03)00044-1 PG 16 WC Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 801IA UT WOS:000220088400007 PM 14972636 ER PT J AU Post, D AF Post, D TI Frontiers of simulation SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Post, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM post@lanl.gov RI Post, Douglass/L-3773-2014 OI Post, Douglass/0000-0001-9271-0023 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 12 EP 13 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2004.1267602 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 776LZ UT WOS:000189118600004 ER PT J AU Creutz, M AF Creutz, M TI Simulating quarks SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Creutz, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM creutz@bnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2004.1267613 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 776LZ UT WOS:000189118600012 ER PT J AU Kolman, DG Chavarria, R AF Kolman, DG Chavarria, R TI Liquid-metal embrittlement of Type 316L stainless steel by gallium as measured by elastic-plastic fracture mechanics SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE adsorption-enhanced plasticity; adsorption-induced decohesion; austenitic stainless steel; elastic-plastic fracture mechanics; fatigue; fracture; gallium; liquid-metal embrittlement; Type 316L stainless steel ID ALUMINUM BICRYSTALS; CRACK-PROPAGATION; BETA-BRASS; ALLOY; CORROSION; MERCURY; GROWTH; ATTACK; COPPER AB In order to bound failure of austenitic stainless steel storage containers housing Ga-containing compounds, the liquid-metal embrittlement of Type 316L (UNS S31603) stainless steel (SS) by Ga was investigated. Type 316L SS compact tension specimens were exposed to liquid Ga using a depassivation technique to wet the specimen. Linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics methods were used to compare the fatigue and fracture behavior. Mild liquid-metal embrittlement was observed, as indicated by increased fatigue crack growth rate, decreased number of fatigue cycles to failure, decreased crack initiation resistance, and increased crack growth rate. Stable cracking was observed for all test conditions. A small amount of intergranular cracking was observed following Ga exposure. No effect of test temperature on embrittlement was observed over the small temperature range examined (35degreesC to 75degreesC). Decreasing crosshead displacement rate promoted Ga embrittlement. Based on fractography, profilometry, and mechanics, it appears that both adsorption-induced decohesion and adsorption-enhanced plasticity mechanisms are operative in the Type 316L SS-Ga system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Enviornm Effects Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kolman, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Enviornm Effects Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Mail Stop E530, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD MAR PY 2004 VL 60 IS 3 BP 254 EP 261 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 804JK UT WOS:000220294800005 ER PT J AU Darzynkiewicz, Z Crissman, H Jacobberger, JW AF Darzynkiewicz, Z Crissman, H Jacobberger, JW TI Cytometry of the cell cycle: Cycling through history SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPARAMETER FLOW-CYTOMETRY; LASER-SCANNING CYTOMETRY; INDIVIDUAL CELLS; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; DNA-CONTENT; UNSCHEDULED EXPRESSION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SINGLE CELLS; S-PHASE; PROGRESSION C1 New York Med Coll, Brander Canc Res Inst, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Case Comprehens Canc Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Darzynkiewicz, Z (reprint author), New York Med Coll, Brander Canc Res Inst, 19 Bradhurst Ave,Suite 2400, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. EM darzynk@nymc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA028704, CA 28704, R01 CA028704-26] NR 81 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD MAR PY 2004 VL 58A IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20003 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 809OW UT WOS:000220647000005 PM 14994216 ER PT J AU Cram, LS Gray, JW Carter, NP AF Cram, LS Gray, JW Carter, NP TI Cytometry and genetics SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLOW-SORTED CHROMOSOMES; DNA-SEQUENCE; MAMMALIAN CHROMOSOMES; ABERRANT CHROMOSOMES; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MITOTIC CHROMOSOMES; RAPID ANALYSIS; CELL-NUCLEI C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Off Sci Programs, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge, England. RP Cram, LS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Off Sci Programs, Biosci Div, POB 1663,Mail Stop F614, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lxc@lanl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-58207]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR1315] NR 51 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD MAR PY 2004 VL 58A IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20008 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 809OW UT WOS:000220647000006 PM 14994217 ER PT J AU Kwon, K Evans, JW AF Kwon, K Evans, JW TI Comparison between cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry when coupled with EQCM for the study of the SEI on a carbon film electrode SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE EQCM; SEI; MPE; cyclic voltammetry; chronoamperometry ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; LITHIUM-INTERCALATION; BATTERIES; BEHAVIOR AB Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry have been conducted with the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) to characterize electron-beam deposited carbon film electrodes in LiClO4-containing mixed electrolytes of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC). For a system whose electrolyte viscosity changes in the course of experiments, such as the above combination of electrode and electrolyte, the mass change per mole of electrons transferred (MPE) of the species on quartz crystals depends on the potential scan rate of CV. Chronoamperometry with a short period is more desirable for the estimation of the MPE of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) because the viscosity-induced frequency change, which hinders the correct MPE estimation, constitutes a small portion of the measured frequency change under this experimental condition. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 210 Hearst Min Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM evans@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 6 BP 867 EP 872 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2003.09.038 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 772XY UT WOS:000188869100004 ER PT J AU Czernik, S Bridgwater, AV AF Czernik, S Bridgwater, AV TI Overview of applications of biomass fast pyrolysis oil SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DIESEL-POWER-PLANT; FLASH PYROLYSIS; LIQUID; WOOD; FUEL; CONVERSION; PRODUCTS; HYDROGEN AB Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of the most recent renewable energy processes to have been introduced. It offers the advantages of a liquid product, bio-oil that can be readily stored and transported. Bio-oil is a renewable liquid fuel and can also be used for production of chemicals. Fast pyrolysis has now achieved a commercial success for production of chemicals and is being actively developed for producing liquid fuels. Bio-oils have been successfully tested in engines, turbines, and boilers, and have been upgraded to high-quality hydrocarbon fuels, although at a presently unacceptable energetic and financial cost. The paper critically reviews scientific and technical developments in applications of bio-oil to date and concludes with some suggestions for research and strategic developments. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Aston Univ, Bioenergy Res Grp, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. RP Czernik, S (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 83 TC 1175 Z9 1282 U1 55 U2 500 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 590 EP 598 DI 10.1021/ef034067u PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 804GO UT WOS:000220287400041 ER PT J AU Wiser, R Fowlie, M Holt, E AF Wiser, R Fowlie, M Holt, E TI Authors' response to the critique of "Public goods and private interests: understanding non-residential demand for green power", by Lawrence Haar and Lamra N. Stanciu SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material DE green power; renewable energy; customer choice C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ed Holt & Associates, Harpswell, ME 04079 USA. RP Wiser, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rhwiser@lbl.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD MAR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 705 EP 708 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00333-6 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 761JB UT WOS:000187896800011 ER PT J AU Qu, J Sarma, R AF Qu, J Sarma, R TI The continuous non-linear approximation of procedurally defined curves using integral B-splines SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE approximation; B-spline; CAD; continuous; interpolation; reparametrization AB This paper outlines an algorithm for the continuous non-linear approximation of procedurally defined curves. Unlike conventional approximation methods using the discrete L_2 form metric with sampling points, this algorithm uses the continuous L_2 form metric based on minimizing the integral of the least square error metric between the original and approximate curves. Expressions for the optimality criteria are derived based on exact B-spline integration. Although numerical integration may be necessary for some complicated curves, the use of numerical integration is minimized by a priori explicit evaluations. Plane or space curves with high curvatures and/or discontinuities can also be handled by means of an adaptive knot placement strategy. It has been found that the proposed scheme is more efficient and accurate compared to currently existing interpolation and approximation methods. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Qu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS 6063, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM qujn@ornl.gov OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s00366-004-0275-5 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 805SL UT WOS:000220385900003 ER PT J AU Van Lonkhuyzen, RA Lagory, KE Kuiper, JA AF Van Lonkhuyzen, RA Lagory, KE Kuiper, JA TI Modeling the suitability of potential wetland mitigation sites with a geographic information system SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wetland mitigation; wetland restoration; suitability index; geographic information system; landscape; spatial model ID RESTORATION; CONSERVATION AB Wetland mitigation is frequently required to compensate for unavoidable impacts to wetlands. Site conditions and landscape context are critical factors influencing the functions that created wetlands perform. We developed a spatial model and used a geographic information system (GIS) to identify suitable locations for wetland mitigation sites. The model used six variables to characterize site conditions: hydrology, soils, historic condition, vegetation cover, adjacent vegetation, and land use. For each variable, a set of suitability scores was developed that indicated the wetland establishment potential for different variable states. Composite suitability scores for individual points on the landscape were determined from the weighted geometric mean of suitability scores for each variable at each point. These composite scores were grouped into five classes and mapped as a wetland mitigation suitability surface with a GIS. Sites with high suitability scores were further evaluated using information on the feasibility of site modification and project cost. This modeling approach could be adapted by planners for use in identifying the suitability of locations as wetland mitigation sites at any site or region. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Van Lonkhuyzen, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rvan@anl.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 368 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-3017-3 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 823XC UT WOS:000221646400008 PM 15031767 ER PT J AU Wan, JM Larsen, JT Tokunaga, TK Zheng, ZP AF Wan, JM Larsen, JT Tokunaga, TK Zheng, ZP TI pH neutralization and zonation in alkaline-saline tank waste plumes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID INORGANIC SALTS; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; NITRATE-CANCRINITE; HANFORD SITE; SEDIMENTS; QUARTZ; 25-DEGREES-C; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; GROWTH AB At the Hanford Site in Washington State, the pH values of contaminant plumes resulting from leaking of initially highly alkaline-saline radioactive waste solutions into the subsurface are now found to be substantially neutralized. However, the nature of plume pH neutralization has not previously been understood. As a master geochemical variable, pH needs to be understood in order to predict the fate and transport of contaminants carried by the waste plumes. Through this laboratory study, we found that the plume pH values spanned a broad range from 14 (within the near-source region) down to the value of 7 (lower than the pH value of the initial soil solution) while the plume was still connected to an actively leaking source. We defined two zones within a plume: the silicate dissolution zone (SDZ, pH 14-10) and the neutralized zone (NZ, pH 10-7). Quartz dissolution at elevated temperature and precipitation of secondary silicates (including sodium metasilicate, cancrinite, and zeolites) are the key reactions responsible for the pH neutralization within the SDZ. The rapid and thorough cation exchange of Na+ replacing Ca2+/Mg2+, combined with transport, resulted in a dynamic Ca2+/Mg2+-enriched plume front. Subsequent precipitation of calcite, sodium silicate, and possibly talc led to dramatically reduced pH within the plume front and the neutralized zone. During aging (after the plume source became inactive), continued quartz dissolution and the secondary silicate precipitation drove the pH value lower, toward pH 11 at equilibrium within the SDZ, whereas the pH values in the NZ remained relatively unchanged with time. A pH profile of 11 from the plume source to pH 7 at the plume front is expected for a historical plume. This laboratory-based study provided realistic, plume pH profiles (consistent with that measured from borehole samples) and identified underlying mechanisms responsible for pH evolution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wan, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwan@lbl.gov RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1329 DI 10.1021/es034855y PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 780FC UT WOS:000189360800020 PM 15046332 ER PT J AU Xu, HF Wang, YF Zhao, PH Bourcier, WL Van Konynenburg, R Shaw, HF AF Xu, HF Wang, YF Zhao, PH Bourcier, WL Van Konynenburg, R Shaw, HF TI Investigation of pyrochlore-based U-bearing ceramic nuclear waste: Uranium leaching test and TEM observation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; ZIRCONOLITE; IMMOBILIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; 25-DEGREES-C; PLUTONIUM; PHASES; SYNROC; FORMS; EELS AB A durable titanate ceramic waste form (Synroc) with pyrochlore (Ca(U,Pu)Ti2O7) and zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7) as major crystalline phases has been considered to be a candidate for immobilizing various high-level wastes containing fissile elements (Pu-239 and U-235). Transmission electron microscopy study of a sintered ceramic with stoichiometry of Ca(U0.5Ce0.25Hf0.25)Ti2O7 shows the material contains both pyrochlore and zirconolite phases and structural intergrowth of zirconolite lamellae within pyrochlore. The (001) plane of zirconolite is parallel to the (111) plane of pyrochlore because of their structural similarities. The pyrochlore is relatively rich in U, Ce, and Ca with respect to the coexisting zirconolite. Average compositions for the coexisting pyrochlore and zirconolite at 1350 degreesC are Ca-1.01(Ce0.133+Ce0.194+U0.52Hf0.18)(Ti1.95Hf0.05)O-7 (with U/(U + Hf) = 0.72) and (Ca0.91Ce0.09)(Ce0.083+U0.26Hf0.66Ti0.01)- Ti2.00O7 (with U/(U + Hf) = 0.28), respectively. A single pyrochlore (Ca(U,Hf)Ti2O7) phase may be synthesized at 1350 degreesC if the ratio of U/(U + Hf) is greater than 0.72, and a single zirconolite (Ca(Hf,U)Ti2O7) phase may be synthesized at 1350 degreesC if the ratio of U/(U + Hf) is less than 0.28. The synthesized products were used for dissolution tests. The single-pass flow-through dissolution tests show that the dissolution of the U-bearing pyrochlore is incongruent. All the elements are released at differing rates. The dissolution data also show a decrease in rate with run time. The results indicate that a diffusion-controlled process may play a key role during the release of U. TEM observation of the leached pyrochlore directly proves that an amorphous leached layer that is rich in Ti and Hf formed on the surface after the ceramic was leached in pH 4 buffered solution for 835 days. The thickness of the layer ranges from 6 to 10 nm. A nanocrystalline TiO2 phase also forms in the leached layer. The U leaching rate (g/ (m(2) day)) in acidic solutions can be expressed as log(NR) = -5.36-0.20pH, where NR is the normalized rate. Conservative leaching rates of uranium [log(NR)] for the U-bearing ceramic at pH 2 and pH 4 solutions are -5.76 and -6.16 g/(m(2) day), respectively. The results show that the U release rate of the ceramic waste is 10 times slower than that of defense high-level waste glass and about 1000 times slower than that of spent fuel. The pyrochlore-based ceramic is an ideal waste form for immobilizing long-lived radionuclides of Pu-139 and U-235 due to the Ti- and Hf-rich leached layer that forms on the ceramic surface. The leached layer functions as a protective layer and therefore reduces the leaching rate as thickness of the leached layer increases. C1 Univ New Mexico, Transmiss Electron Microscopy Lab, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Xu, HF (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Transmiss Electron Microscopy Lab, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM hfxu@unm.edu RI Shaw, Henry/B-6445-2012 OI Shaw, Henry/0000-0003-0681-5430 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1480 EP 1486 DI 10.1021/es030582y PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 780FC UT WOS:000189360800038 PM 15046350 ER PT J AU Carlsen, TM Coty, JD Kercher, JR AF Carlsen, TM Coty, JD Kercher, JR TI The spatial extent of contaminants and the landscape scale: An analysis of the wildlife, conservation biology, and population modeling literature SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; home range; critical patch size; populations; modeling ID HABITAT LOSS; SIMULATION-MODEL; DEPLETION MODEL; PATCH SIZE; DYNAMICS; METAPOPULATION; FRAGMENTATION; CONSEQUENCES; DESTRUCTION; BEHAVIOR AB Many contaminant releases to the terrestrial environment are of small areal extent. Thus, rather than evaluating the ecological impact on species in the immediate vicinity of the release, it may be more ecologically meaningful to determine if population impacts occur at the landscape level. In order to do this, the cumulative impact of all releases in the landscape under consideration must be evaluated. If the release sites are viewed as localized areas that are no longer available for use by ecological receptors (i.e., no longer part of the habitat), this can be thought of as a form of habitat fragmentation. Habitat fragmentation is typically viewed as the loss of large areas of habitat within a landscape, leaving small isolated patches of intact habitat within a hostile matrix. Small-scale contaminant releases, on the other hand, result in small uninhabitable areas within a primarily intact habitat. With this consideration in mind, we analyzed the wildlife and conservation biology literature to determine if information on habitat size requirements such as home-range or critical patch size could inform us about the potential for impact at the landscape level from release sites based on the size of the release alone. We determined that evaluating the impact of release size had to be conducted within a contextual basis (considering the existing state of the landscape). Therefore, we also reviewed the population modeling literature to determine if models could be developed to further evaluate the impact of the spatial extent of chemical releases on the landscape. We identified individual-based models linked to geographic information systems to have the greatest potential in investigating the role of release size with respect to population impacts at the landscape level. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carlsen, TM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM carlsen1@llnl.gov NR 67 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 798 EP 811 DI 10.1897/02-202 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 776NT UT WOS:000189122600034 PM 15285375 ER PT J AU Gute, BD Balasubramanian, K Geiss, KT Basak, SC AF Gute, BD Balasubramanian, K Geiss, KT Basak, SC TI Prediction of halocarbon toxicity from structure: a hierarchical QSAR approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE QSAR; halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons; oxidative stress ID TOPOLOGICAL INDEXES; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Mathematical structural invariants and quantum theoretical descriptors have been used extensively in quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for the estimation of pharmaceutical activities, biological properties, physicochemical properties, and the toxicities of chemicals. Recently our research team has explored the relative importance of various levels of chemodescriptors, i.e. topostructural (TS), topochemical (TC), geometrical (3D), and quantum theoretical descriptors, in property estimation. This study examines the contribution of chemodescriptors ranging from topostructural to quantum theoretic calculations, up to the Gaussian STO-3G level, in predicting the results of six indicators of oxidative stress for a set of 20 halocarbons. Using quantum theoretical calculations in this study is of particular interest as molecular energetics is related to the likelihood of electron attachment and free radical formation, the mechanism of toxicity for these chemicals and should aid in modeling their potential for oxidative stress. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Hwy, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM sbasak@nrri.umn.edu NR 35 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2003.10.005 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 806TE UT WOS:000220455400010 PM 21782698 ER PT J AU Epelbaum, E Glockle, W Meissner, UG AF Epelbaum, E Glockle, W Meissner, UG TI Improving the convergence of the chiral expansion for nuclear forces - II: Low phases and the deuteron SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; SCATTERING; RENORMALIZATION; SYSTEMS AB Recently, we have proposed a new cut-off scheme for pion loop integrals in the two-pion exchange potential. This method allows for a consistent implementation of constraints from pion-nucleon scattering and has been successfully applied to peripheral nucleon-nucleon partial waves. We now consider low partial waves in the non-perturbative regime, where the regularized Lippmann-Schwinger equation has to be solved in order to generate the bound and scattering states. We observe an improved description of most of the phase shifts when going from next-to- to next-to-next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion. We also find a good description of the deuteron properties. In addition, the new cut-off scheme allows to avoid the presence of unphysical deeply bound states. We discuss the cut-off dependence of the four-nucleon low-energy constants and show that their numerical values can be understood in terms of resonance saturation. This connects the effective field theory approach to boson exchange phenomenology. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44870 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys Theorie, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Epelbaum, E (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44870 Bochum, Germany. EM evgeni.epelbaum@tp2.ruhr-uni-bochum.de; walter.gloeckle@tp2.ruhr-uni-bochum.de; meissner@itkp.uni-bonn.de NR 25 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1140/epja/i2003-10129-8 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 772HY UT WOS:000188837600013 ER PT J AU Abele, H Barberio, E Dubbers, D Gluck, F Hardy, JC Marciano, WJ Serebrov, A Severijns, N AF Abele, H Barberio, E Dubbers, D Gluck, F Hardy, JC Marciano, WJ Serebrov, A Severijns, N TI Quark mixing, CKM unitarity - The unitarity problem SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE CORRECTION CALCULATIONS; KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX; CONSERVED-VECTOR-CURRENT; BETA-EMISSION ASYMMETRY; NEUTRON DECAY; POLARIZED NEUTRONS; SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS; STANDARD-MODEL; NUCLEAR; BOSONS AB In the Standard Model of elementary particles, quark-mixing is expressed in terms of a 3 x 3 unitary matrix V, the so called Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. Significant unitarity checks are so far possible for the first row of this matrix. This article reviews the experimental and theoretical information on these matrix elements. On the experimental side, we find a 2.2 sigma to 2.7 sigma deviation from unitarity, which conflicts with the Standard Model. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Res Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Leningrad Distr, Russia. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Abele, H (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, Philosophenweg 12, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Serebrov, Anatoly/A-6771-2014; OI Serebrov, Anatoly/0000-0002-6734-038X; Abele, Hartmut/0000-0002-6832-9051 NR 66 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2003-01574-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 777JE UT WOS:000189173600001 ER PT J AU Amsler, C Anisovich, AV Baker, CA Barnett, BM Batty, CJ Blum, P Braune, K Crede, V Crowe, KM Doser, M Dunnweber, W Engelhardt, D Faessler, MA Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Hessey, NP Kalinowsky, H Jamnik, D Kammel, P Kisiel, J Klempt, E Koch, H Kunze, M Kurilla, U Landua, R Matthay, H Meyer, CA Meyer-Wildhagen, F Ouared, R Peters, K Pick, B Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Reinnarth, J Sarantsev, AV Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Suh, JS Thoma, U Wallis-Plachner, S Walther, D Wiedner, U AF Amsler, C Anisovich, AV Baker, CA Barnett, BM Batty, CJ Blum, P Braune, K Crede, V Crowe, KM Doser, M Dunnweber, W Engelhardt, D Faessler, MA Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Hessey, NP Kalinowsky, H Jamnik, D Kammel, P Kisiel, J Klempt, E Koch, H Kunze, M Kurilla, U Landua, R Matthay, H Meyer, CA Meyer-Wildhagen, F Ouared, R Peters, K Pick, B Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Reinnarth, J Sarantsev, AV Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Suh, JS Thoma, U Wallis-Plachner, S Walther, D Wiedner, U TI Production and decay of eta '(958) and eta(1440) in (p)over-barp annihilation at rest SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; ANTIPROTON-PROTON ANNIHILATION; J/PSI-RADIATIVE DECAYS; PSEUDOSCALAR STATES; HYDROGEN; MESON; ETA; PI AB We report on a study of four reactions in (p) over barp annihilation at rest, of (p) over barp-->2pi(+)2pi(-)eta, <(p)over bar>p-->2pi(+)2pi(-)2pi(0), (p) over barp-->2pi(+)2pi(-) gamma and (p) over barp-->4pi(0)eta. The eta' and the eta(1440) are seen in their decays into pi(+)pi(-)eta, pi(0)pi(0)eta and pi(+)pi(-)gamma; no signal is seen in the 4pi invariant mass distribution. Branching ratios for eta' and eta(1440) production and decay into the different channels are determined. In particular we derive the ratio Gamma(eta(1440)--)(>pi+pi-gamma)/Gamma(eta(1440)-->pi+pi-eta)= 0.111 +/- 0.064. C1 Univ Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Rech Nucl, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RP Univ Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014 OI Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2003-01540-6 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 777JE UT WOS:000189173600003 ER PT J AU Elson, K Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS Simmons, A Speck, P AF Elson, K Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS Simmons, A Speck, P TI The life span of ganglionic glia in murine sensory ganglia estimated by uptake of bromodeoxyuridine SO EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ganglionic glia; murine; sensory ganglia ID CELL-PROLIFERATION; ADULT-RAT; TURNOVER; DNA; REGENERATION; LYMPHOCYTES; MICROSCOPY AB Studies of ganglionic glia turnover in the sensory nervous system have implications for understanding nervous system maintenance and repair. These glial cells of the sensory ganglia in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprise satellite cells (SCs) and, to a lesser extent, Schwann cells. SCs proliferate in response to trauma such as axotomy; however, the half-life of these glial cells under normal circumstances has not been estimated. To estimate the half-life of sensory ganglionic glial cells, we employed the DNA precursor analog 5-bromo-2 deoxyuridine (BrdU) to measure the rate of turnover of these cells. BrdU was administered to inbred C57BL6 and outbred Swiss white mice via their drinking water. BrdU incorporation into ganglionic glia in the PNS was estimated by immunofluorescent staining of nervous tissue sections, and the fraction of ganglionic glial cells that acquired BrdU label was measured as a function of time. Mathematical modeling of the rate of uptake of BrdU into murine ganglionic glia enables calculation of the half-life of these cells. The kinetics of BrdU uptake is linear, consistent with ganglionic glia being a homogenous population. The value of the proliferation rate (p) plus death rate (d) derived from the slope of BrdU uptake as a function of time is approximately 2.4 X 10(-3) cells per day. Assuming that p = d (because ganglionic glial numbers are in equilibrium and they are assumed to neither emigrate from, or immigrate into, sensory ganglia), then the daily death rate is d = 1.2 x 10(-3) cells/day, which implies a half-life for ganglionic glia of about 600 days. Thus murine ganglionic glia in the untraumatized state appear to behave as a homogenous, slowly replicating population. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Med & Vet Sci, Herpes Res Lab, Infect Dis Lab, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, 2330 Childrens Hosp, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, 2330 Childrens Hosp, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Speck, P (reprint author), Inst Med & Vet Sci, Herpes Res Lab, Infect Dis Lab, Frome Rd, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. EM peter.speck@imvs.sa.gov.au RI Speck, Peter/A-8197-2012 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4886 J9 EXP NEUROL JI Exp. Neurol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 186 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2003.10.017 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 779GR UT WOS:000189287400010 PM 14980814 ER PT J AU So, CL Via, BK Groom, LH Schimleck, LR Shupe, TF Kelley, SS Rials, TG AF So, CL Via, BK Groom, LH Schimleck, LR Shupe, TF Kelley, SS Rials, TG TI Near infrared spectroscopy in the forest products industry SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; NIR SPECTROSCOPY; MICROFIBRIL ANGLE; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MOISTURE-CONTENT; INCREMENT CORES; WOOD PROPERTIES; NORWAY SPRUCE; KAPPA NUMBER AB Improving manufacturing efficiency and increasing product worth requires the right combinations of actions throughout the manufacturing process. Many innovations have been developed over the last several decades to achieve these goals. Innovations typically work their way backwards in the manufacturing process, with an increasing level of monitoring occuring at the end of a production line. There exists, however, an ever-increasing array of tools available to forest products, manufacturers that allow rapid assessment of material and product variables throughout the manufacturing process. A technology that shows great potential in all facets of material assessment is near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The potential for NIR technologies has not gone unnoticed by the wood research community and there are scores of national and international laboratories developing appropriate applications. The rapid assessment of solid wood properties using NIR spectra is a fast-growing field that has broad implications in relation to wood quality and, ultimately, tree improvement. NIR as a means of online monitoring during the manufacturing process has also spurred many laboratories to examine potential applications for wood composites. It is probable that this type of monitoring will lead to increases in efficiency and profits. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP So, CL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. OI Via, Brian/0000-0003-2676-7376 NR 58 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 24 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 54 IS 3 BP 6 EP 16 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 807QG UT WOS:000220515400001 ER PT J AU Bernat, TP AF Bernat, TP TI Fifteenth Target Fabrication Specialists' Meeting - Preface SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bernat, TP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP VII EP VII PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900002 ER PT J AU Haan, SW Amendt, PA Dittrich, TR Hatchett, SP Herrmann, MC Hurricane, OA Marinak, MM Munro, D Pollaine, SM Strobel, GA Suter, LJ AF Haan, SW Amendt, PA Dittrich, TR Hatchett, SP Herrmann, MC Hurricane, OA Marinak, MM Munro, D Pollaine, SM Strobel, GA Suter, LJ TI Update on NIF indirect drive ignition target fabrication specifications SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director AB Indirect drive ignition target simulations are described as they are used to determine target fabrication specifications. Simulations are being used to explore options for making the targets more robust, and to develop more detailed understanding of the performance of a few point designs. The current array of targets is described. A new target is described with radially dependent Cu dopant in Be. This target has significantly looser specifications for high-mode perturbations than previous targets. Current estimates of size limitations for fill tubes, holes, and isolated defect are discussed Recent 3D simulations are described. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Haan, SW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900003 ER PT J AU Steckle, WP Smith, ME Sebring, RJ Nobile, A AF Steckle, WP Smith, ME Sebring, RJ Nobile, A TI Optimization of hipe foams SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director AB High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) polystyrene foams have been made at LANL for the past decade. It is a robust system that offers flexibility in tailoring density and the incorporation of halogens and metals. As target designs become more complex the demands placed on the foams are more stringent. Parts are machined from 30 mg/cm(3) foams to thicknesses of 50 mum. At three percent of full density these foams are to withstand extraction with ethanol to remove the wax utilized as a machining aid and not allow shrinkage or warpage. In order to accomplish this the formulation of the HIPE foam had to be modified Recently some new processing issues have arisen. At low densities voids have become a problem. To determine a formulation that reduces void content and allows minimum shrinkage, experimental design was utilized. We also developed image analysis techniques that allow us to quantify the amount of voids in the system. These techniques also allow us to evaluate the surface finish of the foam. In order to machine these low density foams to the tolerance required with an optimum surface finish the foams are backfilled with Brij 78, an alcohol soluble wax. After the part is machined, the Brij is leached out. Recent batches of Brij have exhibited high shrinkage, which in turn affects the surface finish of the foam. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymer & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steckle, WP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymer & Coatings Grp, MST-7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 74 EP 78 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900004 ER PT J AU Nikroo, A Czechowicz, D Paguio, R Greenwood, AL Takagi, M AF Nikroo, A Czechowicz, D Paguio, R Greenwood, AL Takagi, M TI Fabrication and properties of overcoated resorcinol-formaldehyde shells for omega experiments SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID FOAM SHELLS; TARGETS; MANDRELS; ICF AB New high gain designs for direct drive ignition on NIF require foam shells.(1) Scaled down versions of these designs are needed for near term experiments on the OMEGA laser facility at the Laboratory Laser Energetics (LLE). These shells need to be about 1 mm in diameter and 50-100 mum wall thickness and densities of 100-250 mg/cc. In addition, a full density permeation seal needs to be deposited for retention of the fill gas at room temperature or the ice at cryogenic temperatures. We have fabricated such shells using Resorcinol-formaldehyde (R/F) as the selected foam material due to its transparency in the optical region. Extensive characterization of the wall uniformity of these shells has been performed. The foam shells have similar to5%-6% nonconcentricities on the average. A full density permeation seal has been deposited on the R/F shells using two different techniques. In the first technique R/F shells are coated directly with plasma polymer to thicknesses of 34 mum. In the second technique, R/F shells are coated with polyvinylphenol, using a chemical interfacial polymerization technique. Data on surface finish and gas retention for R/F shells coated by both methods are provided. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nikroo, A (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM nikroo@gat.com NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 84 EP 89 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900006 ER PT J AU Nobile, A Balkey, MM Bartos, JJ Batha, SH Day, RD Elliott, JE Elliott, NE Gomez, VM Hatch, DJ Lanier, NE Fincke, JR Manzanares, R Pierce, TH Sandoval, DL Schmidt, DW Steckle, WP AF Nobile, A Balkey, MM Bartos, JJ Batha, SH Day, RD Elliott, JE Elliott, NE Gomez, VM Hatch, DJ Lanier, NE Fincke, JR Manzanares, R Pierce, TH Sandoval, DL Schmidt, DW Steckle, WP TI Recent developments in fabrication of direct drive cylinder targets for hydrodynamics experiments at the omega laser SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID CONVERGENT; PLASMA AB Experimental campaigns are being conducted at the 60 beam OMEGA laser at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics to acquire data to validate hydrodynamic models in the high energy-density regime. This paper describes targets that have been developed and constructed for these experimental campaigns. Targets are 860 mum inner diameter by 2.2 mm length cylinders with 70 mum thick polymer ablator. On the ablator inner surface and located halfway along the axis of the cylinder is a 500 mum wide Al marker band Band thicknesses in the range 8-16 microns are used. CH foam with densities in the range 30-90 mg/cc fills the inside of the cylinder. While these targets have been fabricated for years, several new improvements and features have recently been developed. Improvements include the use of epoxy instead of polystyrene for the ablator, and the use of electrodeposited Al for the marker band. A critical feature of the target is the surface feature that is placed on the marker band Experiments are aimed at understanding the hydrodynamic behavior of imploding cylinders as a function of this surface feature. Recent development work has focused on production of engineered surface features on the target marker band Using a fast tool servo on a diamond turning lathe, a wide range of specified surface features have been produced. This paper will address improvements to the cylinder targets as well as current development efforts. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nobile, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coatings Grp, MST-7,MS E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM anobile@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 95 EP 106 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900008 ER PT J AU Balkey, MM Day, RD Batha, SH Elliot, NE Pierce, T Sandoval, DL AF Balkey, MM Day, RD Batha, SH Elliot, NE Pierce, T Sandoval, DL TI Production and metrology of cylindrical inertial confinement fusion targets with sinusoidal perturbations SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID CONVERGENT; SYSTEM; PLASMA; MIX AB Shock waves generated during inertial confinement fusion implosions propagate toward the center of the capsule encountering interfaces between materials with different densities, such as between the ablator and the DT fuel. These interactions are hydrodynamically unstable and the resulting instability causes mixing of the materials at the interface, which is predicted to have detrimental effects on fusion burn. In this experiment, the growth of a single-mode perturbation machined into a radiographically opaque marker layer, driven by a strong shock, is measured during a cylindrically symmetric implosion. These measurements are used to validate simulations and theories of the complex hydrodynamics. Since any perturbation on the marker layer surface will lead to instability growth, precise knowledge of the initial conditions is critical. The targets used in this experiment have up to a 3.0-mum-amplitude, mode 28 (lambda=98 pm) sinusoidal perturbation machined into a 438-mum-outer-radius aluminum band with a nominal thickness of 8 mum. The perturbations were machined using a fast-tool servo [B. JARED and T A. DOW, Precision Engineering Center Annual Report, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, p. 123 (1996]) and were metrologized using a linear variable differential transformer [FRANK J OLIVER, Practical Instrumentation Tranducers, p. 42-45, Hayden Book Company (1971)]. In this paper, the importance of metrology is discussed and is shown to be critical to the interpretation of experimental results. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Balkey, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mbalkey@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900009 ER PT J AU Hibbard, RL Bono, MJ Amendt, PA Bennett, DW Castro, C AF Hibbard, RL Bono, MJ Amendt, PA Bennett, DW Castro, C TI Precision manufacturing of inertial confinement fusion double shell laser targets for omega SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID FABRICATION; DESIGN AB Double shell targets have been built by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments on the Omega laser at the University of Rochester and as a prelude to similar experiments on NIF. Of particular interest to ICF studies are high-precision double shell implosion targets for demonstrating thermonuclear ignition without the need for cryogenic preparation. Because the ignition tolerance to interface instabilities is rather low, the manufacturing requirements for smooth surface finishes and shell concentricity are particularly strict. This paper describes a deterministic approach to manufacturing and controlling error sources in each component. Included is the design philosophy of why certain manufacturing techniques were chosen to best reduce the errors within the target. The manufacturing plan developed for this effort created a deterministic process that, once proven, is repeatable. By taking this rigorous approach to controlling all error sources during the manufacture of each component and during assembly, we have achieved the overall 5mu pm dimensional requirement with sub-micron surface flaws. Strengths and weaknesses of the manufacturing process will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hibbard, RL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-537, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hibbard2@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900011 ER PT J AU Steinman, DA Wallace, R Grant, S Hoppe, ML Smith, JN AF Steinman, DA Wallace, R Grant, S Hoppe, ML Smith, JN TI Fabrication of a new type of double-shell target having a PVA inner layer SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director AB The General Atomics Target Fabrication team was tasked in FY03, under its ICF Target Support contract, to make a new type of double-shell target. Its specifications called for the outer shell to have an inner lining of PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)) that would keep the xenon gas fill from occupying the target wall. The inner shell consisted of a glass shell coated with 2000 A of silver and filled with 9 atm of deuterium. Furthermore, the delivery deadline was less than seven weeks away. This paper describes the fielding of this double-shell target, made possible through the combined efforts of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and General Atomics target fabrication specialists. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Steinman, DA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM steinman@fusion.gat.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 124 EP 126 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900012 ER PT J AU Nobile, A Dropinski, SC Edwards, JM Rivera, G Margevicius, RW Sebring, RJ Olson, RE Tanner, DL AF Nobile, A Dropinski, SC Edwards, JM Rivera, G Margevicius, RW Sebring, RJ Olson, RE Tanner, DL TI Fabrication and characterization of targets for shock propagation and radiation burnthrough measurements on Be-0.9AT.%Cu alloy SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director AB Beryllium-copper alloy (Be0.9%Cu) ICF capsules are being developed for the pursuit of thermonuclear ignition at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Success of this capsule material requires that its shock propagation and radiation burnthrough characteristics be accurately understood To this end, experiments are being conducted to measure the shock propagation and radiation burnthrough properties of Be0.9%Cu alloy. These experiments involve measurements on small Be0.9%Cu wedge, step and flat samples. Samples are mounted on 1.6-mm-diameter x 1.2-mm-length hohlraums that are illuminated by the OMEGA laser at the University of Rochester. X-rays produced by the hohlraum drive the sample. A streaked optical pyrometer detects breakout of the shock produced by the X-ray pulse. In this paper we describe synthesis of the alloy material, fabrication and characterization of samples, and assembly of the targets. Samples were produced from Be0.9%Cu alloy that was synthesized by hot isostatic pressing of Be powder and copper flake. Samples were 850 mum diameter disks with varying thickness in the case of wedge and step samples, and uniform thickness in the case of flat samples. Sample thickness varied in the range 10-90 mum. Samples were prepared by precision lathe machining and electric discharge machining. The samples were characterized by a Veeco white light interferometer and an optical thickness measurement device that simultaneously measured the upper and lower surface contours of samples using two confocal laser probes. Several campaigns with these samples have been conducted over the past two years. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nobile, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM anobile@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900013 ER PT J AU Alexander, DJ Cooley, JC Thoma, DJ Nobile, A AF Alexander, DJ Cooley, JC Thoma, DJ Nobile, A TI Production of fine-grained beryllium-6 WT% copper for fusion ignition capsules by arc melting and equal channel angular extrusion SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID SIMPLE SHEAR AB Beryllium doped with 6 weight % copper is the material of choice for fabrication of target capsules for the National Ignition Facility because of its combination of attractive neutronic, electronic, physical, and mechanical properties. The target capsules are 2 mm in diameter and thin-walled (150 microns) and must meet demanding dimensional specifications. The material must be fine-grained and of low inclusion content. Arc-melted Be-Cu is being produced to eliminate the oxide content that is inevitably present in conventional powder-metallurgy materials. Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) is being used to refine the as-cast grain structure. Be-Cu rods produced by the arc-melting process (5 mm in diameter by 30 mm in length) are enclosed in nickel cans with electron-beam welded plugs. The Be-in-Ni billets (9.5 mm in diameter by 45 mm in length) have been processed by ECAE at temperatures from 500 to 750degreesC in tooling with a 120degrees angle. Selected samples have been annealed for 1 hour at temperatures from 700 to 775degreesC The ECAE processing creates a heavily deformed and finely subdivided structure, and the annealing can produce an equiaxed microstructure with a grain size of approximately 20 mum. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Associate Directorate Weapons Engn & Mfg, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alexander, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djalexander@lanl.gov RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 137 EP 143 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900014 ER PT J AU Cook, RC Anthamatten, M Letts, SA Nikroo, A Czechowicz, DG AF Cook, RC Anthamatten, M Letts, SA Nikroo, A Czechowicz, DG TI IR absorptive properties of plastic materials used in ICF capsules SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HD LAYERS; IGNITION; TARGETS AB One approach to improving the quality of the DT ice layer on the inside of a NIF capsule target is to enhance the natural beta-layering process by heating the ice with infrared light (IR) tuned to a D-2 or DT excitation band However to do this the IR must pass through the capsule wall, and absorption by the capsule material results in heat generation that is deleterious both in terms Of reducing the energy input to the ice as well as increasing the difficulty of symmetrically cooling the capsule. In order to optimize the choice of wavelength we have measured the wavelength dependent transmission properties of IR through the plastic materials we are considering for capsule fabrication. We will present wavelength dependent extinction coefficient data for normal and fully deuterated plasma polymer and vapor deposited polyimide. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, Fus Grp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Cook, RC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bobcook@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 148 EP 156 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900016 ER PT J AU Nikroo, A Bousquet, J Cook, R McQuillan, BW Paguio, R Takagi, M AF Nikroo, A Bousquet, J Cook, R McQuillan, BW Paguio, R Takagi, M TI Progress in 2 mm glow discharge polymer mandrel development for NIF SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director AB All planned National Ignition Facility (NIF) capsule, targets except machined beryllium require a glow discharge polymer (GDP) mandrel upon which the ablator is applied. This mandrel, similar to 2 mm in diameter, must at least meet if not exceed the symmetry and surface finish requirements of the final capsule. Such mandrels are currently produced by the three-step depolymerizable mandrel technique.(1) The quality of the final mandrel depends upon precise optimization and execution of each of the three steps. We had shown previously that fabrication of a mandrel which met the symmetry and surface finish requirements was feasible using this technique. In this paper we will discuss recent progress towards converting this process into a high yield, production scale process. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Nikroo, A (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 8 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900018 ER PT J AU Takagi, M Cook, R McQuillan, B Gibson, J Paguio, S AF Takagi, M Cook, R McQuillan, B Gibson, J Paguio, S TI Investigation of larger poly(alpha-methylstyrene) mandrels for high gain designs using microencapsulation SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; LASER FUSION; NIF TARGET; SHELLS AB In recent years we have demonstrated that 2-mm-diameter poly(alpha-methylstyrene) mandrels meeting indirect drive NIF surface symmetry specifications can be produced using microencapsulation methods. Recently higher gain target designs have been introduced that rely on frequency doubled (green) laser energy and require capsules up to 4 mm in diameter, nominally meeting the same surface finish and symmetry requirements as the existing 2-mm-diameter capsule designs. Direct drive on the NIF also requires larger capsules. In order to evaluate whether the current microencapsulation-based mandrel-fabrication techniques will adequately scale to these larger capsules, we have explored extending the techniques to 4-mm-diameter capsules. We find that microencapsulated shells meeting NIF symmetry specifications can be produced, the processing changes necessary to accomplish this are presented here. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, Fus Grp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Takagi, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM takagi@gat.com NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900019 ER PT J AU Letts, SA Anthamatten, M Buckley, SR Fearon, E Nissen, AEH Cook, RC AF Letts, SA Anthamatten, M Buckley, SR Fearon, E Nissen, AEH Cook, RC TI Progress toward meeting NIF specifications for vapor deposited polyimide ablator coatings SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID SHELLS AB We are developing an evaporative. coating technique for deposition of thick polyimide (PI) ablator layers on ICF targets. The PI coating technique utilizes stoichiometrically controlled fluxes from two Knudsen cell evaporators containing a dianhydride and a diamine to deposit a polyamic acid (PAA) coating. Heating the PAA coating to 300degreesC converts the PAA coating to a polyimide. Coated shells are rough due to particles on the substrate mandrels and from damage to the coating caused by the agitation used to achieve a uniform coating. We have developed a smoothing process that exposes an initially rough PAA coated shell to solvent vapor using gas levitation. We found that after smoothing the coatings developed a number of wide (low-mode) defects. We have identified two major contributors to low-mode roughness: surface hydrolysis, and deformation during drying/curing. By minimizing air exposure prior to vapor smoothing, avoiding excess solvent sorption during vapor smoothing, and using slow drying we are able to deposit and vapor smooth coatings 160 mum thick with a surface roughness less than 20 nm RMS. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Letts, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM letts1@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 180 EP 186 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900021 ER PT J AU London, RA McEachern, RL Kozioziemski, BJ Bittner, DN AF London, RA McEachern, RL Kozioziemski, BJ Bittner, DN TI Computational design of infrared enhanced layering of ICF capsules SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HOHLRAUMS; IGNITION; TRITIUM; TARGETS AB A computational model is presented for infrared heating of frozen hydrogen layers in cryogenic ICF capsules. The model contains linked ray trace and heat conduction programs. The conduction part Of the model has been validated with a cryogenic hohlraum experiment without infrared irradiation. The complete model has been used to design and analyze experiments on infrared layering of D-2 in a hohlraum. The modeling provides an understanding of how to control the long scale length ice thickness perturbations by varying the infrared power balance and beam pointing. Based on the confidence developed in the model by comparison to experiment, design calculations are presented for IR layering systems for ICF ignition targets. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP London, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM riondon@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900031 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JJ Giedt, WH AF Sanchez, JJ Giedt, WH TI Predicting the equilibrium deuterium-tritium fuel layer thickness profile in an indirect-drive hohlraum capsule SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director AB A numerical procedure for calculating. the equilibrium thickness distribution of a thin layer of deuterium and tritium on the inner surface of an indirect drive target sphere (similar to2.0 mm in diameter) is described Starting with an assumed uniform thickness layer and with specified thermal boundary conditions, the temperature distribution throughout the capsule and hohlraum (including natural convection in the hohlraum gas) is calculated Results are used to make a first estimate of the final non-uniform thickness distribution of the layer. This thickness distribution is then used to make a second calculation of the temperature distribution with the same boundary conditions. Legendre polynomial coefficients are evaluated for the two temperature distributions and the two thickness profiles. Final equilibrium Legendre coefficients are determined by linear extrapolation. From these coefficients, the equilibrium layer thickness can be computed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sanchez, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 253 EP 261 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900032 ER PT J AU Kozioziemski, BJ London, RA McEachern, RL Bittner, DN AF Kozioziemski, BJ London, RA McEachern, RL Bittner, DN TI Demonstration of symmetry control of infrared heated deuterium layers in hohlraums SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX MEASUREMENTS; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; PRESSURE AB Infrared smoothed deuterium ice layers inside capsules have been successfully demonstrated for capsules inside cylindrical hohlraums. Improved characterization methods and infrared illumination enables low mode control in both the axial and azimuthal directions. We demonstrate control of the first two axial modes and first azimuthal mode using IR pointing. We demonstrate ice layers with axial P-1 amplitude less than 1 mum, and a reduction in P-2 amplitude from 20% to 8% of the ice thickness. Results of these experiments will be used to derive accuracy requirements for an infrared heating system for ice layers in hohlraums on NIF. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kozioziemski, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 262 EP 270 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900033 ER PT J AU Sater, JD Kozioziemski, BJ Pipes, J Jones, R Bittner, DN Burmann, J Alexander, N AF Sater, JD Kozioziemski, BJ Pipes, J Jones, R Bittner, DN Burmann, J Alexander, N TI A high-pressure filling and layering apparatus for cyrogenic hohlraums SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HD LAYERS; TRITIUM AB A newly operational facility known as the Deuterium Test System (D2TS) has become available at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The D2TS provides the capability to perform integrated tests with many of the technologies necessary to deliver and shoot a cryogenic target on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Procedures used to successfully fill and cool NIF ignition scale targets to cryogenic temperatures are reported. The first attempts at making cryogenic layers in these targets will also be discussed. These experiments are the first without fill tubes at LLNL. The primary technique used to create symmetrical layers of deuterium ice is infrared enhancement. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Sater, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 271 EP 275 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900034 ER PT J AU Kyrala, GA Balkey, MM Barnes, CW Batha, SH Christensen, CR Cobble, JA Fincke, J Keiter, P Lanier, N Paisley, D Sorem, M Swift, D Workman, J AF Kyrala, GA Balkey, MM Barnes, CW Batha, SH Christensen, CR Cobble, JA Fincke, J Keiter, P Lanier, N Paisley, D Sorem, M Swift, D Workman, J TI Target fabrication: Aview from the users SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUN 01-05, 2003 CL Gleneden Beach, OR SP Gen Atom, Schafer Corp, Luxel Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Off Director ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; OMEGA LASER; CONVERGENT; SURFACE; SILICON; SYSTEM; PLASMA; MIX AB Targets are used for a variety of purposes, but ultimately we use them to validate codes that help us predict and understand new phenomena or effects. The sophistication and complexity of High Energy Density Physics (HEDP) and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets has increased in to match the advances made in modeling complex phenomena. The targets have changed from simple hohlraums, spherical geometries, and planar foils, to 3-dimensional geometries that require precision in construction, alignment, and metrology. Furthermore, material properties, such as surface morphologies and volume texture, have significant impact on the behavior of the targets and must be measured and controlled. In the following we will discuss how experimental physicists view targets and the influence that target construction has on interpreting the experimental results. We review a representative sampling of targets fabricated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory that are used in different experiments in support of ICF and HEDP. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kyrala, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop E-526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kyrala@lanl.gov RI Keiter, Paul/J-3037-2013 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2 BP 286 EP 295 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803PL UT WOS:000220242900037 ER PT J AU Ongena, JPHE Evrard, M McCune, D AF Ongena, JPHE Evrard, M McCune, D TI Numerical transport codes SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Carolus Magnus Euro-Summer School on Plasma and Fusion Energy Physics CY SEP 01-12, 2003 CL Brussels, BELGIUM ID ION THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TOKAMAK PLASMA; CONFINEMENT AB This paper gives a brief introduction on numerical transport codes. The relevant equations which are used in these codes are established, and on the basis of these equations, the necessary calculations needed to resolve them are pointed out. Finally, some examples are given, illustrating their application. C1 EURATOM, Lab Plasmafys, Koninklijke Mil Sch, TEC, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ongena, JPHE (reprint author), EURATOM, Lab Plasmafys, Koninklijke Mil Sch, TEC, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 2T BP 371 EP 379 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 808UW UT WOS:000220595000042 ER PT J AU Xing, Y Resch, A Lee, C AF Xing, Y Resch, A Lee, C TI The multiassembly problem: Reconstructing multiple transcript isoforms from EST fragment mixtures SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LINKED RETINITIS-PIGMENTOSA; GLUCOCORTICOID MODULATORY ELEMENT; ALPHA MESSENGER-RNA; TIGR GENE INDEXES; FORK-HEAD FACTOR; HUMAN GENOME; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; BINDING-PROTEIN; EXPRESSED SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB Recent evidence of abundant transcript variation (e.g., alternative splicing, alternative initiation, alternative polyadenylation) in complex genomes indicates that cataloging the complete set of transcripts from ail organism is ail important project. One challenge is the fact that most high-throughput experimental methods for characterizing transcripts (Such as EST sequencing) give highly detailed information about short fragments of transcripts or protein products, instead of a complete characterization of a full-length form. We analyze this "multiassembly problem"-reconstructing the most likely set Of full-length isoform sequences from a mixture of EST fragment data-and present a graph-based algorithm for solving it. In a variety of tests, we demonstrate that this algorithm deals appropriately with coupling,a of distinct alternative splicing events, increasing fragmentation of the input data and different types of transcript variation (such as alternative splicing, initiation, polyadenylation, and intron retention). To test the method's performance oil pure fragment (EST) data, we removed all mRNA sequences, and found it produced no errors in 40 cases tested. Using this algorithim, we have constructed ail Alternatively Spliced Proteins database (ASP) from analysis Of human expressed and genomic sequences, consisting of 13,384 protein isoforms of 4422 genes, yielding an average of 3.0 protein isoforms per gene. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Ctr Genom & Proteom, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Ctr Genom & Proteom, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM leec@mbi.ucia.edu RI Xing, yi/E-2884-2010 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH65166, P20 MH065166] NR 74 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 426 EP 441 DI 10.1101/gr.1304504 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 780PB UT WOS:000189389100011 PM 14962984 ER PT J AU Ovcharenko, I Loots, GG Hardison, RC Miller, W Stubbs, L AF Ovcharenko, I Loots, GG Hardison, RC Miller, W Stubbs, L TI zPicture: Dynamic alignment and visualization tool for analyzing conservation profiles SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENOME BROWSER; BINDING-SITES; TRANSCRIPTION; DNA; SEQUENCES; UCSC AB Comparative sequence analysis has evolved as all essential technique for identifying functional coding and noncoding elements conserved throughout evolution. Here, we introduce zPicture, all interactive Web-based sequence alignment and visualization tool for dynamically generating conservation profiles and identifying evolutionarily conserved regions (ECRs). zPicture is highly flexible, because critical parameters can be modified interactively, allowing Users to differentially predict ECRs in comparisons of sequences of different phylogenetic distances and evolutionary rates. We demonstrate the application of this module to identify a known regulatory element in the HOXD locus, ill which functional ECRs are difficult to discern against the highly conserved genomic background. zPicture also facilitates transcription factor binding-site analysis via the rVista tool portal. We present an example of the HBB complex when zPicture/rVista combination specifically pinpoints to two ECRs containing GATA-1, NF-E2, and TAL1/E47 binding sites that were identified previously as transcriptional enhancers. In addition, zPicture is linked to the UCSC Genome Browser, allowing Users to automatically extract Sequences and gene annotations for any recorded locus. Finally, we describe how this tool can be efficiently applied to the analysis of nonvertebrate genomes, including those of microbial organisms. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stubbs, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM stubbs5@llnl.gov RI Hardison, Ross/G-1142-2010; OI Hardison, Ross/0000-0003-4084-7516; Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG02238, R01 HG002238] NR 15 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 472 EP 477 DI 10.1101/gr.2129504 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 780PB UT WOS:000189389100016 PM 14993211 ER PT J AU Paktunc, D Foster, A Heald, S Laflamme, G AF Paktunc, D Foster, A Heald, S Laflamme, G TI Speciation and characterization of arsenic in gold ores and cyanidation tailings using X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; FINE-STRUCTURE; FERRIHYDRITE; EXAFS; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; SORPTION; COORDINATION; MECHANISMS; GEOMETRY AB The knowledge of mineralogy and molecular structure of As is needed to better understand the stability of As in wastes resulting from processing of gold ores. In this study, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy (including both XANES and EXAFS regimes) were employed to determine the mineralogical composition and local coordination environment of As in gold ores and process tailings from bench-scale tests designed to mimic a common plant practice. Arsenic-bearing minerals identified in the ores and tailings include iron (III) oxyhydroxides, scorodite (FeAsO4.2H(2)O), ferric arsenates, arseniosiderite (Ca2Fe3(AsO4)(3)O-2.3H(2)O), Ca-Fe arsenates, pharmacosiderite (KFe4(AsO4)(3)(OH)(4).6-7H(2)O), jarosite (K2Fe6(SO4)(4)(OH)(12)) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS). Iron (III) oxyhydroxides contain variable levels of As from trace to about 22 wt% and Ca up to approximately 9 wt%. Finely ground ore and tailings samples were examined by bulk XAFS and selected mineral grains were analyzed by microfocused XAFS (micro-EXAFS) spectroscopy to reconcile the ambiguities of multiple As sources in the complex bulk EXAFS spectra. XANES spectra indicated that As occurs as As5+ in all the samples. Micro-EXAFS spectra of individual iron (III) oxyhydroxide grains with varying As concentrations point to inner-sphere bidentate-binuclear arsenate complexes as the predominant form of As. There are indications for the presence of a second Fe shell corresponding to bidentate-mononuclear arrangement. Iron (III) oxyhydroxides with high As concentrations corresponding to maximum adsorption densities probably occur as nanoparticles. The discovery of Ca atoms around As in iron (III) oxyhydroxides at interatomic distances of 4.14-4.17 Angstrom and the coordination numbers suggest the formation of arseniosiderite-like nanoclusters by coprecipitation rather than simple adsorption of Ca onto iron (III) oxyhydroxides. Correlation of Ca with As in iron (III) oxyhydroxides as determined by electron microprobe analysis supports the coprecipitate origin for the presence of Ca in iron (III) oxyhydroxides. The samples containing higher abundances of ferric arsenates released higher As concentrations during the cyanidation tests. The presence of highly soluble ferric arsenates and Ca-Fe arsenates, and relatively unstable iron (III) oxyhydroxides with Fe/As molar ratios of less than 4 in the ore and process tailings suggests that not only the tailings in the impoundment will continue to release As, but also there is the potential for mobilization of As from the natural sources such as the unmined ore. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Min & Mineral Sci Labs, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1, Canada. USGS, Mineral Resources Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Paktunc, D (reprint author), Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Min & Mineral Sci Labs, 555 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1, Canada. EM dpaktunc@NRCan.gc.ca NR 36 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR PY 2004 VL 68 IS 5 BP 969 EP 983 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.013 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 774WP UT WOS:000189009600004 ER PT J AU van der Woerd, J Owen, LA Tapponnier, P Xu, XW Kervyn, F Finkel, RC Barnard, PL AF van der Woerd, J Owen, LA Tapponnier, P Xu, XW Kervyn, F Finkel, RC Barnard, PL TI Giant, similar to M8 earthquake-triggered ice avalanches in the eastern Kunlun Shan, northern Tibet: Characteristics, nature and dynamics SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ice avalanches; earthquakes; glaciers; Kunlun Mountains; Tibet; remote sensing ID SLIP-RATE; GLACIERS; ENVIRONMENTS; FAULT; MOUNTAINS; RUPTURE AB Several giant ice avalanches were initiated by slope failure from ice caps due to strong ground motion during the 14 November 2001 M-w = 7.9 Kokoxili earthquake on the Kunlun fault. Four ice avalanches were identified on the north slope of the Burhan Budai Shan several kilometers east of the Kunlun Pass, and two were identified on the south slope of the eastern Yuxi Feng, which is similar to50 km west of the Kunlun Pass. These ice avalanches originated from steep-sided ice caps and progressed over and past the termini of outlet valley glaciers. In the Burhan Budai Shan, the ice avalanches comprised ice and snow that reached 2-3 km down valley beyond the snouts of the contemporary glaciers. Detailed study of the largest ice avalanche (B2) shows that the initial movement over the contemporary glacier was turbulent in nature, having a velocity >35 ms(-1). Beyond the contemporary glacier, the ice avalanche was confined within steep valley walls and entrenched paraglacial fans. Before coming to rest, this ice avalanche moved as a Bingham plastic flow at a velocity of less than or equal to21 ms(-1). These ice avalanches transported little rock debris, and it is thus unlikely that they are important in contributing to the landscape evolution of this region. Yet, given the appropriate geologic and climatic conditions, ice avalanching may be an important process in the landscape evolution of high mountainous terrains. The frequency of such events is unknown, but such phenomena may become more common in the future as a consequence of increased glacier and slope instability caused by human-induced climate change. Ice avalanches, therefore, likely constitute a significant geologic hazard in the near future. C1 Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, EOST, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Lab Tecton, F-75252 Paris, France. China Seismol Bur, Beijing, Peoples R China. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP van der Woerd, J (reprint author), Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, EOST, 5 Rue Rene Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. EM jerome.vanderwoerd@eost.u-strasbg.fr; lewis.owen@ucr.edu RI Tapponnier, .Paul/B-7033-2011 OI Tapponnier, .Paul/0000-0002-7135-1962 NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 116 IS 3-4 BP 394 EP 406 DI 10.1130/B25317.1 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 779JM UT WOS:000189291600009 ER PT J AU Stock, GM Anderson, RS Finkel, RC AF Stock, GM Anderson, RS Finkel, RC TI Pace of landscape evolution in the Sierra Nevada, California, revealed by cosmogenic dating of cave sediments SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caves; cosmogenic dating; bedrock incision; landscape evolution; Sierra Nevada ID RIVER INCISION; (U-TH)/HE AGES; EROSION RATES; HALF-LIFE; BE-10; AL-26; DELAMINATION; UPLIFT; TOPOGRAPHY; VOLCANISM AB We report Al-26/Be-10 based ages of Sierra Nevada caves that constrain detailed late Pliocene and Quaternary river incision histories for five river canyons. Rapid incision of similar to0.2 mm/yr from 2.7 to ca. 1.5 Ma slowed markedly to similar to0.03 mm/yr thereafter, likely reflecting the combined effects of a transient erosional response to Pliocene rock uplift and periodic mantling of riverbeds with glacially derived sediment in the late Quaternary. While similar to400 m of incision has occurred in the past 2.7 m.y., outpacing interfluve erosion and thereby increasing the local relief, canyons as deep as 1.6 km existed prior to that time. These new erosion rates strengthen the case for tectonically driven late Cenozoic uplift. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry & Geosci & Envi, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stock, GM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 27 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1130/G20197.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 779FG UT WOS:000189284200005 ER PT J AU Icopini, GA Anbar, AD Ruebush, SS Tien, M Brantley, SL AF Icopini, GA Anbar, AD Ruebush, SS Tien, M Brantley, SL TI Iron isotope fractionation during microbial reduction of iron: The importance of adsorption SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE isotope geochemistry; iron; iron oxides; goethite; reduction; adsorption ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; IRON(III) OXIDES; FE ISOTOPES; FE(III); BACTERIUM; MINERALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SEDIMENTS; HEMATITE AB In experiments investigating the causes of Fe isotope fractionation, the delta(56/54)Fe value of Fe(II) remaining in solution (Fe(II)((aq))) after reduction of Fe(III) (goethite) by Shewanella putrefaciens is similar to-1.2parts per thousand relative to the goethite, in agreement with previous research. The addition of an electron shuttle did not affect fractionation, suggesting that Fe isotope fractionation may not be related to the kinetics of the electron transfer. Furthermore, in abiotic, anaerobic FeCl2(aq) experiments in which approximately one-third of Fe(II)((aq)) is lost from solution due to adsorption of Fe(II) onto goethite, the delta(56/54)Fe value of Fe(II)(aq) remaining in solution is shifted by -0.8% relative to FeCl2. This finding demonstrates that anaerobic nonbiological interaction between Fe(II) and goethite can generate significant Fe isotope fractionation. Acid extraction of sorbed Fe(II) from goethite in experiments reveals that heavy Fe preferentially sorbs to goethite. Simple mass-balance modeling indicates that the isotopic composition of the sorbed Fe(H) pool is similar to+1.5%,) to +2.5%,, heavier than Fe in the goethite [similar to2.7parts per thousand-3.7parts per thousand heavier than aqueous Fe(II)]. Mass balance is also consistent with a pool of heavy Fe that is not released to solution during acid extraction. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Icopini, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gicopini@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 132 Z9 141 U1 7 U2 52 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1130/G20184.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 779FG UT WOS:000189284200008 ER PT J AU Babich, LP Il'kaev, RI Kutsyk, IM Bakhov, KI Roussel-Dupre, RA AF Babich, LP Il'kaev, RI Kutsyk, IM Bakhov, KI Roussel-Dupre, RA TI Self-consistent calculation of upward atmospheric discharge developing in the mode relativistic runaway electron avalanches SO GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY LA English DT Article ID SPRITES94 AIRCRAFT CAMPAIGN; AIR BREAKDOWN; RED SPRITES; THUNDERSTORM; IONOSPHERE; ELVES AB The optical emission of upward atmospheric discharge has been calculated within the scope of the 1.5D model based on a runaway electron (RE) avalanche initiated by the cosmic radiation and developing in the self-consistent electric field above a thundercloud. A multi-group approach has been used to simulate REs. The kinetics of ions and low-energy electrons is described by the local balance equations. The fluorescence of molecules has been calculated in a quasistatic approximation taking into account the vibrational kinetics and collisional quenching. It has been indicated that optical phenomena at different altitudes are caused by an excitation of RE fluorescence and by relaxing secondary electrons (relatively low altitudes, blue jets), by background and secondary electrons that came in equilibrium with the local field (medium altitudes, red sprites), and by only background electrons (high altitudes, elves). The inhomogeneity of red sprites is explained. Results of calculations agree with observations. C1 All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, RFYaTs VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Babich, LP (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, RFYaTs VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. EM babich@expd.vniicf.ru NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 0016-7932 J9 GEOMAGN AERONOMY+ JI Geomagn. Aeron. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 44 IS 2 BP 231 EP 242 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 816ES UT WOS:000221093800016 ER PT J AU Babich, LP Il'kaev, RI Kutsyk, IM Kudryavtsev, AY Roussel-Dupre, RA Symbalisty, EM AF Babich, LP Il'kaev, RI Kutsyk, IM Kudryavtsev, AY Roussel-Dupre, RA Symbalisty, EM TI Analysis of atmospheric gamma ray bursts based on the mechanism of generation of relativistic electron avalanches SO GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY LA English DT Article ID AIR BREAKDOWN; THUNDERSTORM; EQUATION AB The energy and angular distributions of high-energy electrons, obtained by simulating a relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA) by the Monte Carlo method, have been used (with regard to exact data on the RREA rate of development in thunderstorm electric fields) to calculate the gamma ray emission of upward atmospheric discharges (UADs), taking into account the effects of the geomagnetic field. The results obtained agree with the characteristics of gamma ray bursts of terrestrial origin recorded above thunderclouds on the orbital station. An agreement is an argument for the UAD model with the participation of RREA, proposed by Gurevich and Roussel-Dupre with the co-authors, and their own interpretation of gamma ray bursts. C1 All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, RFYaTs VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Babich, LP (reprint author), All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, RFYaTs VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. EM babich@expd.vniief.ru NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 0016-7932 J9 GEOMAGN AERONOMY+ JI Geomagn. Aeron. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 44 IS 2 BP 243 EP 251 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 816ES UT WOS:000221093800017 ER PT J AU Bondar, I Myers, SC Engdahl, ER Bergman, EA AF Bondar, I Myers, SC Engdahl, ER Bergman, EA TI Epicentre accuracy based on seismic network criteria SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE epicentre accuracy; seismic calibration ID EVENT LOCATION; EARTHQUAKE LOCATION; TRAVEL-TIMES; ALGORITHM AB We establish reliable and conservative estimates for epicentre location accuracy using data that are readily available in published seismic bulletins. A large variety of seismic studies rely on catalogues of event locations, making proper assessment of location uncertainty critical. Event location and uncertainty parameters in most global, regional and national earthquake catalogues are obtained from traditional linearized inversion methods using a 1-D Earth model to predict traveltimes. Reported catalogue uncertainties are based on the assumption that error processes are Gaussian, zero mean and uncorrelated. Unfortunately, these assumptions are commonly violated, leading to the underestimation of true location uncertainty, especially at high confidence levels. We find that catalogue location accuracy is most reliably estimated by station geometry. We make use of two explosions with exactly known epicentres to develop local network location (0degrees-2.5degrees) accuracy criteria. Using Monte Carlo simulations of network geometry, we find that local network locations are accurate to within 5 km with a 95 per cent confidence level when the network meets the following criteria: (1) there are 10 or more stations, all within 250 km, (2) an azimuthal gap of less than 110, (3) a secondary azimuthal gap of less than 160 and (4) at least one station within 30 km. To derive location accuracy criteria for near-regional (2.5degrees-10degrees), regional (2.5degrees-20degrees) and teleseismic (28degrees-91degrees) networks, we use a large data set of exceptionally well-located earthquakes and nuclear explosions. Beyond local distances, we find that the secondary azimuthal gap is sufficient to constrain epicentre accuracy, and location error increases when the secondary azimuthal gap exceeds 120degrees. When station coverage meets the criterion of a secondary azimuth gap of less than 120, near-regional networks provide 20 km accuracy at the 90 per cent confidence level, while regional and teleseismic networks provide 25 km accuracy at the 90 per cent confidence level. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Global Seismol Serv, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bondar, I (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mail Stop 2-1,1953 Gallows Rd,Suite 260, Vienna, VA 22182 USA. EM Istvan.K.Bondar@saic.com; smyers@llnl.gov; engdahl@colorado.edu; bergman@seismo.com RI Myers, Stephen/K-1368-2014 OI Myers, Stephen/0000-0002-0315-5599 NR 35 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 156 IS 3 BP 483 EP 496 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02070.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 777VM UT WOS:000189201000007 ER PT J AU Hoversten, GM Milligan, P Byun, J Washbourne, J Knauer, LC Harness, P AF Hoversten, GM Milligan, P Byun, J Washbourne, J Knauer, LC Harness, P TI Crosswell electromagnetic and seismic imaging: An examination of coincident surveys at a steam flood project SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESERVOIR; TOMOGRAPHY AB We studied crosswell electromagnetic and seismic images of three oil-saturated intervals within a southern California heavy oil field undergoing steam flood. The crosswell survey is located in a portion of the field where one well is in a "cold spot," resulting in differing steam propagation within the three units. Log analysis shows linear or second-order polynomial relationships (with correlation coefficients greater than 0.7) between electrical conductivity and water saturation, porosity, and clay content; whereas only a weakly linear relationship can be found between velocity and temperature in the lower unit studied. Crosswell seismic data is used to produce a velocity tomogram and a reflection section, and crosswell electromagnetic data is used to produce a conductivity section and derived porosity and water saturation. The seismic velocities from the tomograms show lateral variations consistent with the lateral variations in temperature seen in observation wells on either side of the crosswell section. The continuity and disruption of seismic reflections coincide with zones of continuous and variable porosity and water saturation as produced from the crosswell electromagnetic inverted conductivity section, and the derived regression fits between conductivity and porosity/water saturation. Seismic velocities, reflections, electrical conductivity, and the derived porosity and water saturation sections all contribute to explaining the observed lateral temperature variations between the wells within the three reservoir units. The unit with high steam content has low water saturation, high porosity, and laterally continuous low-velocity and seismic reflections, consistent with no barriers to flow. The upper unit, where steam breaks through later in the experiment, also has high porosity and laterally continuous seismic reflections. However, it shows a velocity gradient between the hot and cold wells consistent with the lack of steam in the cold well at the time of the experiment. The middle unit, in which steam never reaches the cold well during the experiment, has the highest water saturation and the largest zone of reduced porosity and disrupted seismic reflections, indicating a possible barrier to flow. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hoversten, GM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GMhoversten@lbl.gov; millpau@cox.net; joongmoo@hotmail.com; jwashbourne@chevrontexaco.com; larryknauer@chevrontexaco.com NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 BP 406 EP 414 DI 10.1190/1.1707060 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 812BH UT WOS:000220814500010 ER PT J AU Don, DW AF Don, DW TI Seismic imaging of reservoir flow properties: Time-lapse pressure changes SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; INVERSION; COMPUTATIONS; EQUATIONS AB Time-lapse fluid pressure and saturation estimates are sensitive to reservoir flow properties such as permeability. In fact, given time-lapse estimates of pressure and saturation changes, one may define a linear partial differential equation for permeability variations within the reservoir. The resulting linear inverse problem can be solved quite efficiently using sparse matrix techniques. An application to a set of crosswell saturation and pressure estimates from a CO2 flood at the Lost Hills field in California demonstrates the utility of this approach. The pressure and saturation estimates are mapped into reservoir permeability variations between the boreholes. The resulting permeability estimates agree with a permeability log in an adjacent well and are in accordance with water and CO2 saturation changes imaged in the interwell region. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Don, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Bldg 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dwvasco@lbl.gov RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.1190/1.1707071 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 812BH UT WOS:000220814500021 ER PT J AU Korneev, VA Goloshubin, GM Daley, TM Silin, DB AF Korneev, VA Goloshubin, GM Daley, TM Silin, DB TI Seismic low-frequency effects in monitoring fluid-saturated reservoirs SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION; ROCKS; PROPAGATION AB There is a complex relationship between seismic attributes, including the frequency dependence of reflections and fluid saturation in a reservoir. Observations in both laboratory and field data indicate that reflections from a fluid-saturated layer have an increased amplitude and delayed traveltime at low frequencies, when compared with reflections from a gas-saturated layer. Comparison of laboratory-modeling results with a diffusive-viscous-theory model show that low (<5) values of the quality factor Q can explain the observations of frequency dependence. At the field scale, conventional processing of time-lapse VSP data found minimal changes in seismic response of a gas-storage reservoir when the reservoir fluid changed from gas to water. Low-frequency analysis found significant seismic-reflection-attribute variation in the range of 15-50 Hz. The field observations agree with effects seen in laboratory data and predicted by the diffusive-viscous theory. One explanation is that very low values of Q are the result of internal diffusive losses caused by fluid flow. This explanation needs further theoretical investigation. The frequency-dependent amplitude and phase-reflection properties presented in this paper can be used for detecting and monitoring fluid-saturated layers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Korneev, VA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vakorneev@lbl.gov; tmdaley@lbl.gov; dsilin@lbl.gov RI Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843 NR 17 TC 72 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 BP 522 EP 532 DI 10.1190/1.1707072 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 812BH UT WOS:000220814500022 ER PT J AU Grechka, V Zhang, LB Rector, JW AF Grechka, V Zhang, LB Rector, JW TI Shear waves in acoustic anisotropic media SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC MEDIA; ELASTIC-ANISOTROPY; VELOCITY ANALYSIS; MOVEOUT AB Acoustic transversely isotropic (TI) media are defined by artificially setting the shear-wave velocity in the direction of symmetry axis, 1 so, to zero. Contrary to conventional wisdom that equating V-SO = 0 eliminates shear waves, we demonstrate their presence and examine their properties. Specifically, we show that SV-waves generally have finite nonzero phase and group velocities in acoustic TI media. In fact, these waves have been observed in full waveform modeling, but apparently they were not understood and labeled as numerical artifacts. Acoustic TI media are characterized by extreme, in some sense infinite strength of anisotropy. It makes the following unusual wave phenomena possible: (1) there are propagation directions, where the SV-ray is orthogonal to the corresponding waveftont normal, (2) the SV-wave whose ray propagates along the symmetry axis is polarized parallel to the P-wave propagating in the same direction, (3) P-wave singularities, that is, directions where P- and SV-wave phase velocities coincide might exist in acoustic TI media. We also briefly discuss some aspects of wave propagation in low-symmetry acoustic anisotropic models. Extreme anisotropy in those media creates bizarre phase and group-velocity surfaces that might bring intellectual delight to an anisotropic guru. C1 Shell Int Explorat & Prod BV, Houston, TX 77001 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grechka, V (reprint author), Shell Int Explorat & Prod BV, POB 481, Houston, TX 77001 USA. EM vladimir.grechka@shell.com; lbzhang@lbl.gov; jwrector@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 62 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 2 BP 576 EP 582 DI 10.1190/1.1707077 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 812BH UT WOS:000220814500027 ER PT J AU Covey, C Achutarao, KM Gleckler, PJ Phillips, TJ Taylor, KE Wehner, MF AF Covey, C Achutarao, KM Gleckler, PJ Phillips, TJ Taylor, KE Wehner, MF TI Coupled ocean-atmosphere climate simulations compared with simulations using prescribed sea surface temperature: effect of a "perfect ocean" SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE sea surface temperature; CMIP; AMIP ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT AB Results from atmospheric general circulation models, run with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice amounts set to observed values for the period 1979-1994, can be compared with "control run" simulations by the same atmosphere models coupled to interactive ocean and sea ice models. The simulations with prescribed SSTs and sea ice are available from the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP), and coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations are available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). We compare CMIP runs from two coupled models sharing a common atmosphere component (but different ocean components) with the atmosphere component's AMIP run. All three simulations have similar errors that presumably originate in the atmosphere component. Replacing the observed SSTs and sea ice amounts in the AMIP simulation with the interactive submodels used in the CMIP simulations tends to degrade the level of agreement with climate observations. Increases in root-mean-square (RMS) errors, however, are mostly less than 30% and often less than 10% of the magnitude of natural climate variations. Exceptions to this rule occur mainly in the tropics, most notably for geopotential height at 500 hPa and for temperature near the tropopause. These variables show increases in RMS errors that are comparable to observational standard deviations. The coupled model simulations are taken from the end of 300 year control runs without flux "corrections" at the ocean-atmosphere interface. Their similarity to results from the prescribed SST atmosphere model implies that modem coupled models can maintain stable multicentury simulations without flux adjustments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Covey, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM covey1@llnl.gov RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Gleckler, Peter/H-4762-2012 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Gleckler, Peter/0000-0003-2816-6224 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD MAR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.09.003 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 779XH UT WOS:000189327000001 ER PT J AU Clark, JF Hudson, GB Davisson, ML Woodside, G Herndon, R AF Clark, JF Hudson, GB Davisson, ML Woodside, G Herndon, R TI Geochemical imaging of flow near an artificial recharge facility, Orange County, California SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; COASTAL-PLAIN; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; TRACERS; TRITIUM; SIMULATION; AQUIFER; HE-3; SF6 AB Critical for the management of artificial recharge operations is detailed knowledge of ground water dynamics near spreading areas. Geochemical tracer techniques including stable isotopes of water, tritium/helium-3 (T/He-3) dating, and deliberate gas tracer experiments are ideally suited for these investigations. These tracers were used to evaluate flow near an artificial recharge site in northern Orange County, California, where similar to2.5 x 10(8) m(3) (200,000 acre-feet) of water are recharged annually. T/He-3 ages show that most of the relatively shallow ground water within 3 km of the recharge facilities have apparent ages < 2 years; further downgradient apparent ages increase, reaching > 20 years at similar to6 km. Gas tracer experiments using sulfur hexafluoride and xenon isotopes were conducted from the Santa Ana River and two spreading basins. These tracers were followed in the ground water for more than two years, allowing subsurface flow patterns and flow times to be quantified. Results demonstrate that mean horizontal ground water velocities range from < 1 to > 4 km/year. The leading edges of the tracer patch moved at velocities about twice as fast as the center of mass. Leading edge velocities are important when considering the potential transport of microbes and other "time sensitive" contaminants and cannot be determined easily with other methods. T/He-3 apparent ages and tracer travel times agreed within the analytical uncertainty at 16 of 19 narrow screened monitoring wells. By combining these techniques, ground water flow was imaged with time scales on the order of weeks to decades. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Orange Cty Water Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA. RP Clark, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM jfclark@geol.ucsb.edu NR 28 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02665.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 780FD UT WOS:000189360900004 PM 15035582 ER PT J AU Stephens, DB Ankeny, MD AF Stephens, DB Ankeny, MD TI A missing link in the historical development of hydrogeology SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article C1 Daniel Be Stephens & Associates Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Stephens, DB (reprint author), Daniel Be Stephens & Associates Inc, 6020 Acad Rd NE,Suite 100, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 2 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02676.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 780FD UT WOS:000189360900015 PM 15035593 ER PT J AU Loubeyre, P Celliers, PM Hicks, DG Henry, E Dewaele, A Pasley, J Eggert, J Koenig, M Occelli, F Lee, KM Jeanloz, R Neely, D Benuzzi-Mounaix, A Bradley, D Bastea, M Moon, S Collins, GW AF Loubeyre, P Celliers, PM Hicks, DG Henry, E Dewaele, A Pasley, J Eggert, J Koenig, M Occelli, F Lee, KM Jeanloz, R Neely, D Benuzzi-Mounaix, A Bradley, D Bastea, M Moon, S Collins, GW TI Coupling static and dynamic compressions: First measurements in dense hydrogen SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Matter Under Extreme Conditions CY MAY 16, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE DE hydrogen; shock compression; metallization ID FLUID; TRANSITION; DEUTERIUM; EQUATION; HELIUM; GPA AB We demonstrate here a laser-driven shock wave in a hydrogen sample, pre-compressed in a diamond anvil cell. The compression factors of the dynamic and static techniques are multiplied. This approach allows access to a family of Hugoniot curves which span the P-T phase diagram of fluid hydrogen to high density. In this first-of-its-kind experiment, two hydrogen Hugoniot curves have been partially followed starting from pre-compression at pressures of 0.7 GPa and 1.2 GPa. Optical reflectance probing at two wavelengths reveals the onset of the conducting fluid state. The boundary line to conducting fluid hydrogen is suggested. C1 CEA, Dept Phys Theor & Applicat, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ecole Polytech, LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, CLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. RP Loubeyre, P (reprint author), CEA, Dept Phys Theor & Applicat, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM paul.loubeyre@cea.fir RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; NR 22 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1080/08957950310001635792 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 818IK UT WOS:000221238600004 ER PT J AU Pasternak, MP Rozenberg, GKH Xu, WMM Taylor, RD AF Pasternak, MP Rozenberg, GKH Xu, WMM Taylor, RD TI Effect of very high pressure on the magnetic state of transition metal compounds SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Matter Under Extreme Conditions CY MAY 16, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE DE high-pressure; magnetism; transition-metal compound; phase-transition; correlated-system; hyperfine-interaction ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL AB By simultaneously combining the methods of X-ray diffraction for structural phase transitions and EOS measurements, Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy as a site-sensitive probe, and resistivity measurements for studying insulating-metal transitions, we are able to study the effect of extreme pressures and at varying temperature on magnetic and electronic properties of transition metal compounds. Studies are carried out with specially tailored diamond anvils and diamond anvil cells, reaching pressures beyond 100 GPa. From our studies, we can investigate the most basic phenomenon of the quantum effect of magnetism in insulating anti ferromagnets, the Mott insulators, such as high to low spin crossovers, quenching of the magnetic moments' orbital term, and the collapse of the Mott-Hubbard state. Examples of these phenomena will be given in cases of ferrous and ferric oxides, ferrous-halides and the rare-earth iron perovskites. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pasternak, MP (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM moshepa@post.tau.ac.il NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1080/08957950310001635783 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 818IK UT WOS:000221238600005 ER PT J AU Nellis, WJ AF Nellis, WJ TI Systematics of the metallization of low-z and alkali fluids SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Matter Under Extreme Conditions CY MAY 16, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE DE hydrogen; diatomics; quasi-isentrope; alkalis; Mott transition ID GPA 1.4 MBAR; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; SOLID HYDROGEN; METAL; TRANSITION; JUPITER; PRESSURES AB Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, cesium, and rubidium undergo nonmetal-metal (NMM) transitions in the degenerate warm fluid phase. It is quite likely that all these fluids are monatomic or very nearly so. For N, O, and H, these NMM transitions occur under quasi-isentropic compression to similar to100 GPa (1 Mbar) pressures and densities of similar to10 times initial liquid density in the case of H. These conditions were achieved with a two-stage gun. In the cases of Cs and Rb, these transitions occur at only similar to0.01 GPa in the expanded fluid at 2000 K. These NMM transitions are Mott transitions. The values of the minimum metallic conductivities are essentially the same for all five because minimum metallic conductivity depends weakly on density of metallization and number of conduction electrons per atom. In contrast, the density dependences of the semiconductivities arc: very different. In the spirit of Mott, quantum mechanical wave functions of the free atoms are used to estimate the densities at which semiconductivies are appreciable. The radial extents of the charge-density distributions are well correlated with the Mott-scaled density dependences of the semiconductivities. These radial extents depend on the degree to which the filled-electron core screens the valence electron(s) from the nuclear Coulomb force. This simple picture gives a qualitative explanation for the density dependences of the semiconductivities of all five and for the Herzfeld criterion, which predates quantum mechanics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nellis1@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1080/08957950410001661918 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 818IK UT WOS:000221238600009 ER PT J AU Adcock, PA Adeloju, SB Power, LJ Newman, OMG AF Adcock, PA Adeloju, SB Power, LJ Newman, OMG TI Validation of a vertical channel flow cell for scalable electrowinning studies SO HYDROMETALLURGY LA English DT Article DE channel flow; electrowinning; cell ID MASS-TRANSFER; ELECTROLYTE FLOW; COULOMBIC EFFICIENCY; CURRENT-DENSITY; ZINC; ELECTRODEPOSITION; IMPURITIES; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; COPPER AB A two-compartment vertical channel cell with controlled electrolyte flow and planar cathode surface of adjustable height was constructed. Unlike small cells with only natural mixing, this arrangement allowed simulation of the effects of turbulence over the surface of industrial cathodes. A benchmark zinc electrowinning process has been used to evaluate the scalability of current efficiency performance in this cell. For a 200 cm(2) cathode, experiments simulating an industry benchmark process without organic additives gave a value for Wark's constant (W) identical to that calculated from previously reported plant data, at both high and low Reynolds numbers (Re). In addition, a uniform morphology was observed over the height of the cathode. In contrast, as the cathode size was reduced, the observed value of Wark's constant decreased from the value for full-scale plant cells and the deposit morphology became non-uniform. These effects were magnified at high Re. The 200 cm(2) channel cell is expected to be particularly useful for the study of cell additives, for which the effects of electrolyte flow over the cathode surface can be very important. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Electrochem Res & Analyt Technol, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. Monash Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Churchill, Vic 3842, Australia. Pasminco Smelter Tech Support, Boolaroo, NSW 2284, Australia. RP Adcock, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MST-11,MS D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM palcadcock@hotmail.com RI Adeloju, Samuel/B-6397-2008 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-386X J9 HYDROMETALLURGY JI Hydrometallurgy PD MAR PY 2004 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0304-386X(03)00185-3 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 807PW UT WOS:000220514400007 ER PT J AU Crivelli, S Head-Gordon, T AF Crivelli, S Head-Gordon, T TI A new load-balancing strategy for the solution of dynamical large-tree-search problems using a hierarchical approach SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE PREDICTION; DEPTH 1ST SEARCH; PARALLEL COMPUTATIONS; IMPLEMENTATION AB We describe a new load-balancing strategy, applied here to the protein structure prediction problem, for improving the efficiency of the hierarchical approach when dealing with coarse-grained problems associated with large tree searches. Unlike other load-balancing strategies that reassign load from the heavily loaded processors to the lightly loaded or idle ones, the proposed strategy changes the virtual communication tree among the processors as the computational tree changes. The strategy incurs minimal overhead and is scalable. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Crivelli, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SNCrivelli@lbl.gov; Gordon@lbl.gov RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 812IO UT WOS:000220833400002 ER PT J AU Fann, G Beylkin, G Harrison, RJ Jordan, KE AF Fann, G Beylkin, G Harrison, RJ Jordan, KE TI Singular operators in multiwavelet bases SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS AB We review some recent results on multiwavelet methods for solving integral and partial differential equations and present an efficient representation of operators using discontinuous multiwavelet bases, including the case for singular integral operators. Numerical calculus using these representations produces fast O(N) methods for multiscale solution of integral equations when combined with low separation rank methods. Using this formulation, we compute the Hilbert transform and solve the Poisson and Schrodinger equations. For a fixed order of multiwavelets and for arbitrary but finite-precision computations, the computational complexity is O(N). The computational structures are similar to fast multipole methods but are more generic in yielding fast O(N) algorithm development. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Math Appl, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. IBM Corp, Life Sci Solut, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Fann, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Math Appl, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gif@ornl.gov; beylkin@colorado.edu; harrisonrj@ornt.gov; kjordan@its.ibm.com RI Beylkin, Gregory/G-6653-2011; OI BEYLKIN, GREGORY/0000-0003-3447-1460 NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 161 EP 171 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 812IO UT WOS:000220833400003 ER PT J AU Kramer, WTC Shoshani, A Agarwal, DA Draney, BR Jin, G Butler, GF Hules, JA AF Kramer, WTC Shoshani, A Agarwal, DA Draney, BR Jin, G Butler, GF Hules, JA TI Deep scientific computing requires deep data SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB Increasingly, scientific advances require the fusion of large amounts of complex data with extraordinary amounts of computational power. The problems of deep science demand deep computing and deep storage resources. In addition to teraflop-range computing engines with their own local storage, facilities must provide large data repositories of the order of 10-100 petabytes, and networking to allow the movement of multi-terabyte files in a timely and secure manner. This paper examines such problems and identifies associated challenges. The paper discusses some of the storage systems and data management methods that are needed for computing facilities to address the challenges and describes some ongoing improvements. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kramer, WTC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM WTKramer@lbl.gov; AShoshani@lbl.gov; DAAgarwal@lbl.gov; BRDraney@lbl.gov; G_Jin@lbl.gov; GFButler@lbl.gov; JAHules@lbl.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 48 IS 2 BP 209 EP 232 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 812IO UT WOS:000220833400007 ER PT J AU Merritt, SY Chaitkin, SD AF Merritt, SY Chaitkin, SD TI NEMA class I transformers SO IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Merritt & Associates, Bedford, VA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Merritt, SY (reprint author), Merritt & Associates, Bedford, VA USA. EM STAARLEN@aol.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-2618 J9 IEEE IND APPL MAG JI IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 10 IS 2 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1109/MIA.2004.1270800 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 775AK UT WOS:000189018400012 ER PT J AU Bishop, M Frincke, D AF Bishop, M Frincke, D TI Teaching robust programming SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Comp Secur Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Bishop, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bishop@cs.ucdavis.edu; deborah.frincke@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 2 IS 2 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1109/MSECP.2004.1281247 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 907LA UT WOS:000227718400012 ER PT J AU Vasquez, J Rodriguez, V Reagor, D AF Vasquez, J Rodriguez, V Reagor, D TI Underground wireless communications using high-temperature superconducting receivers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE audio coding; digital communication; high-temperature superconductors; propagation of radio waves; superconducting device noise; superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs); underground electromagnetic propagation AB The authors have developed a method for communicating in underground areas with voice. This system utilizes low-frequency electromagnetic radiation and high-temperature superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) as receivers. The system is primarily,used to communicate in underground areas using through-the-earth electromagnetic waves. The underground areas are typically mines, but the application is not restricted to that purpose. The communication channel is being used to send, voice that has been digitally compressed. Typical rock masses do not allow conventional radio frequency electromagnetic waves to penetrate significant distances. Here, the authors use carrier frequencies of a few kilohertz that penetrate hundreds of meters into rock masses. They are using low-noise broadband superconducting receivers and have established that the signals propagate several hundred meters with modest power levels. Audio has been successfully received at distances in excess of 100 in through solid rock. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vasquez, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.824335 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 813ZZ UT WOS:000220946300008 ER PT J AU Qi, JY AF Qi, JY TI Analysis of lesion detectability in Bayesian emission reconstruction with nonstationary object variability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE Bayesian reconstruction; emission tomography; lesion detection; maximum a posteriori; penalized maximum-likelihood ID LIKELIHOOD IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION PROPERTIES; PENALIZED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EM ALGORITHM; HEPATIC SPECT; ITERATIVE RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; OBSERVER PERFORMANCE; MAP RECONSTRUCTION; NOISE PROPERTIES AB Bayesian methods based on the maximum a posteriori principle (also called penalized maximum-likelihood methods) have been developed to improve image quality in emission tomography. To explore the full potential of Bayesian reconstruction for lesion detection, we derive simplified theoretical expressions that allow fast evaluation of the delectability of a lesion in Bayesian reconstruction. This work is builded on the recent progress on the theoretical analysis of image properties of statistical reconstructions and the development of numerical observers. We explicitly model the nonstationary variation of the lesion and background without assuming that they are locally stationary. The results can be used to choose the optimum prior parameters for the maximum lesion detectability. The theoretical results are validated using Monte Carlo simulations. The comparisons show good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the Monte Carlo results. We also demonstrate that the lesion detectability can be reliably estimated using one noisy data set. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qi, JY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JQi@lbl.gov RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB00194, R01 EB000194, R01 EB000194-01A1, R01 EB00363, R01 EB000194-02] NR 61 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD MAR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1109/TMI.2004.824239 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 801NR UT WOS:000220103100006 PM 15027525 ER PT J AU Sasaki, T Morimoto, T Iwase, Y Aoki, N Ochiai, Y Shailos, A Bird, JP Lilly, MP Reno, JL Simmons, JA AF Sasaki, T Morimoto, T Iwase, Y Aoki, N Ochiai, Y Shailos, A Bird, JP Lilly, MP Reno, JL Simmons, JA TI Novel many-body transport phenomenon in coupled quantum wires SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conductance quantization; Kondo model; quantum wire; spin polarization ID POINT CONTACTS AB We demonstrate the presence of a resonant interaction between a pair of coupled quantum wires, which are formed in the ultrahigh mobility, two-dimensional electron gas of a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. The coupled-wire system is realized by an extension of the split-gate technique, in which bias voltages Are applied to Schottky gates on the semiconductor surface, to vary the width of the two quantum wires, as well as the strength of the coupling between them. The key observation of interest here is one in which the gate voltages used to define one of the wires are first fixed, after which the conductance of this wire is measured as the gate voltage used to form the other wire is swept. Over the range of gate voltage where the swept wire pinches off, we observe a resonant peak in the conductance of the fixed wire that is correlated precisely to this pinchoff condition. In this paper, we present new results on the current- and temperature-dependence of this conductance resonance, which we suggest is related to the formation of a local moment in the swept wire as its conductance is reduced below 2e(2)/h. C1 Chiba Univ, Dept Mat Technol, Ctr Frontier Elect & Photon, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Nanostruct Res Grp, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Semicond Phys Dept, Nanoelect Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sasaki, T (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Dept Mat Technol, Ctr Frontier Elect & Photon, Chiba 2638522, Japan. RI Bird, Jonathan/G-4068-2010 OI Bird, Jonathan/0000-0002-6966-9007 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 3 IS 1 BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2003.820520 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 806UC UT WOS:000220457800019 ER PT J AU Su, GJ McKeever, JW AF Su, GJ McKeever, JW TI Low-cost sensorless control of brushless DC motors with improved speed range SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Power Electronics Conference and exposition CY MAR 10-14, 2002 CL Dallas, TX DE band-pass filter; brushless dc motors; digital signal processor; EMF; low-pass filter; rotor; sensorless control scheme; single-chip microprocessor ID DRIVE; POSITION AB This paper presents a low-cost position sensorless control scheme for brushless dc motors. Rotor position information is extracted by indirectly sensing the back EMF from only one of the three motor-terminal voltages for a three-phase motor. Depending on the terminal voltage sensing locations, either a low-pass filter or a band-pass filter is used for position information retrieval. This leads to a significant reduction in the component count of the sensing circuit. The cost saving is further increased by coupling the sensing circuit with a single-chip microprocessor or digital signal processor for speed control. In addition, a look-up-table-based correction for the nonideal phase delay introduced by the filter is suggested to ensure accurate position detection even at low speed. This extends the operating speed range and improves motor efficiency. Experimental results are included to verify the proposed scheme. C1 Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sugj@ornl.gov; mckeeverjw@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 78 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 296 EP 302 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2003.823174 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 802KM UT WOS:000220162400006 ER PT J AU Peng, FZ Su, GH Tolbert, LM AF Peng, FZ Su, GH Tolbert, LM TI A passive soft-switching snubber for PWM inverters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE EMI; PSSS; PWM; soft switching inverters AB This paper presents a regenerative passive snubber circuit for pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverters to achieve soft-switching purposes without significant cost and reliability penalties. This passive soft-switching snubber (PSSS) employs a diode/capacitor snubber circuit for each switching device in an, inverter to provide low dv/dt and low switching losses to the device. The PSSS further uses a transformer-based energy regenerative circuit to recover the energy captured in the snubber capacitors. All components in the PSSS circuit are passive, thus leading to reliable and low-cost advantages over those soft-switching schemes relying on additional active switches. The snubber has been incorporated into a 150 kVA PWM inverter. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity and features of the snubber circuit. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48826 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peng, FZ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48826 USA. EM fzpeng@egr.msu.edu; sugj@ornl.gov; tolbert@utk.edu OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 10 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2003.823204 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 802KM UT WOS:000220162400013 ER PT J AU Majumder, A Stevens, R AF Majumder, A Stevens, R TI Color nonuniformity in projection-based displays: Analysis and solutions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE projection-based displays; tiled displays; color calibration AB Large-area displays made up of several projectors show significant variation in color. In this paper, we identify different projector parameters that cause the color variation and study their effects on the luminance and chrominance characteristics of the display. This work leads to the realization that luminance varies significantly within and across projectors, while chrominance variation is relatively small, especially across projectors of same model. To address this situation, we present a method to achieve luminance matching across all pixels of a multiprojector display that results in photometrically uniform displays. We use a camera as a measurement device for this purpose. Our method comprises a one-time calibration step that generates a per channel per projector luminance attenuation map (LAM), which is then used to correct any image projected on the display at interactive rates on commodity graphics hardware. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to match luminance across all the pixels of a multiprojector display. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Majumder, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM majumder@ics.uci.edu; stevens@mcs.anl.gov NR 25 TC 41 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 10 IS 2 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2004.1260769 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 771XD UT WOS:000188810600007 PM 15384642 ER PT J AU Buchler, BC Kramper, P Kafesaki, M Soukoulis, CM Sandoghdar, V AF Buchler, BC Kramper, P Kafesaki, M Soukoulis, CM Sandoghdar, V TI Near-field optical investigations of photonic crystal microresonators SO IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE photonic crystal; scanning near-field optical microscopy; SNOM; point defect; microresonator ID WHISPERING-GALLERY MODES; MACROPOROUS SILICON; LIGHT-PROPAGATION; WAVE-GUIDES; MICROSCOPY; PHASE; MICROSPHERES; FORCE; PROBE AB We present an overview of our work on the application of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) to photonic crystal structures. Our results show that SNOM can be used to map the subwavelength confinement of light to a point-defect in a 2D photonic crystal microresonator. Comparison with numerical modelling shows that SNOM is able to resolve patterns in the intensity distribution that are due to the slight non-uniformity in the crystal structure. We also discuss the future possibilities for applications of different modes of SNOM to photonic crystal devices. C1 ETH, Chem Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Konstanz, Fachbereich Phys, D-78457 Constance, Germany. Res Ctr Crete, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP ETH, Chem Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM vahid.sandoghdar@ethz.ch RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Sandoghdar, Vahid/C-7390-2013; Buchler, Ben/D-4581-2009 OI Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; Buchler, Ben/0000-0002-2852-7483 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO-KAIKAN BLDG, 3-5-8, SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105-0011, JAPAN SN 1745-1353 J9 IEICE T ELECTRON JI IEICE Trans. Electron. PD MAR PY 2004 VL E87C IS 3 BP 371 EP 377 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 802KU UT WOS:000220163200015 ER PT J AU Barenblattt, GI Vazquez, JL AF Barenblattt, GI Vazquez, JL TI Nonlinear diffusion and image contour enhancement SO INTERFACES AND FREE BOUNDARIES LA English DT Article DE nonlinear diffusion; image enhancement; degenerate parabolic equations; singular solutions; free boundaries ID POROUS-MEDIUM EQUATION; FREE-BOUNDARY PROBLEM; SIMILAR INTERMEDIATE ASYMPTOTICS; DEGENERATE PARABOLIC EQUATIONS; EDGE-DETECTION; HEAT-EQUATION; SHOCK FILTERS; REGULARITY; BEHAVIOR; NONUNIQUENESS AB The theory of degenerate parabolic equations of the forms u(t) = (Phi(u(x)))(x) and upsilon(t) = (Phi(upsilon))(xx) is used to analyze the process of contour enhancement in image processing, based on the evolution model of Sethian and Malladi. The problem is studied in the framework of nonlinear diffusion equations. It turns out that the standard initial value problem solved in this theory does not fit the present application since it does not produce image concentration. Due to the degenerate character of the diffusivity at high gradient values, a new free boundary problem with singular boundary data can be introduced, and it can be solved by means of a nontrivial problem transformation, thus leading to a new type of solutions that fit the desired concentration requirements. The asymptotic convergence to a sharp front is established and rates calculated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Matemat, Madrid 28046, Spain. RP Barenblattt, GI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gib@math.uberkeley.edu; juanluis.vazquez@uam.es RI Vazquez, Juan Luis/E-3406-2013 OI Vazquez, Juan Luis/0000-0002-9871-257X NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOC PI ZURICH PA C/O DR THOMAS HINTERMANN, EMS PUBLISHING HOUSE, E T H-ZENTRUM FLI C1, CH-8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1463-9971 J9 INTERFACE FREE BOUND JI Interface Free Bound. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 31 EP 54 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 813CK UT WOS:000220885000002 ER PT J AU Kadolkar, P Wang, H Watkins, TR Dahotre, NB AF Kadolkar, P Wang, H Watkins, TR Dahotre, NB TI Thermographic characterisation of a laser surface engineered ceramic coating on metal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infrared; thermography; residual stress laser; temperature ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; RESIDUAL-STRESS; HEAT; ENERGY; POOL; FLOW AB Laser-material interactions consist of complex, and generally short-lived, but intense events. Hence, many important aspects and effects of these interactions are not directly measurable, such as temperature distributions within the material. In the present study, the effect of temperature distribution on the residual stresses developed during laser surface engineering of ceramic composite coating on metal has been investigated. Infrared thermography technique has been employed as a means to measure the temperature distribution within the substrate while the laser beam is directed at the surface of the coating. Temperature distribution is generally a function of the laser input parameters, such as the laser beam power and the traverse velocity of the beam. Hence, variation in the temperature distribution and the consequent stresses developed within the composite coating due to the changing input parameters have also been investigated. The rapid processing in complement with precise control of the process based on in-situ thermographic measurements provides numerous opportunities for a high power laser as a advanced manufacturing tool. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Laser Applicat, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Diffract & Thermophys Properties Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Laser Applicat, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu RI Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329; Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0268-3768 J9 INT J ADV MANUF TECH JI Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5-6 BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.1007/s00170-003-1675-1 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 804LC UT WOS:000220299200004 ER PT J AU Kostova, T Ravindran, R Schonbek, M AF Kostova, T Ravindran, R Schonbek, M TI FitzHugh-Nagumo revisited: Types of bifurcations, periodical forcing and stability regions by a Lyapunov functional SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Review DE FitzHugh-Nagumo; subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcation; homoclinic bifurcation; periodic forcing ID OSCILLATOR; CHAOS AB We study several aspects of FitzHugh-Nagumo's (FH-N) equations without diffusion. Some global stability results as well as the boundedness of solutions are derived by using a suitably defined Lyapunov functional. We show the existence of both supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcations. We demonstrate that the number of all bifurcation diagrams is 8 but that the possible sequential occurrences of bifurcation events is much richer. We present a numerical study of all example exhibiting a series of various bifurcations, including subcritical Hopf bifurcations, homoclinic bifurcations and saddle-node bifurcations of equilibria and of periodic solutions. Finally, we study periodically forced FH-N equations. We prove that phase-locking occurs independently of the magnitude of the periodic forcing. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Math, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Math, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Kostova, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-561, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kostova@llnl.gov; renrav@math.iisc.ernet.in; schonbek@math.ucsc.edu NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD MAR PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 913 EP 925 DI 10.1142/S0218127404009685 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 821UH UT WOS:000221487900003 ER PT J AU Clayton, JD McDowell, DL Bammann, DJ AF Clayton, JD McDowell, DL Bammann, DJ TI A multiscale gradient theory for single crystalline elastoviscoplasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FINITE DEFORMATION PLASTICITY; DISLOCATION DENSITY TENSOR; NONLINEAR CONTINUUM THEORY; GRAIN SUBDIVISION; CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS; POLYCRYSTAL ELASTOVISCOPLASTICITY; GEOMETRICALLY-NECESSARY; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; THERMODYNAMICAL THEORY; ELASTOPLASTIC BODIES AB Explicit volume averaging procedures are used to motivate a gradient-type description of single crystalline elastoviscoplasticity. Upon regarding local elastic and plastic deformation gradients within the crystal as continuously differentiable fields, we arrive at a three-term multiplicative decomposition for the volume-averaged deformation gradient, consisting of a recoverable elastic term associated with the average applied stress and average lattice rotation, an inelastic term associated with the average plastic velocity gradient, and a (new) third term reflecting the presence of the residual microelastic deformation gradient within the volume and providing a representation of the kinematics of grain subdivision via formation of low-angle subgrain boundaries, for example. A variant of the classical Eshelby stress tensor provides the driving force for homogenized viscoplastic flow, with slip resistances dictated by densities of geometrically necessary and statistically stored dislocations. Distinctive features of the continuum model include coupling of internal elastic strain energy densities associated with residual and applied stresses, dependency of the single crystalline effective elastic moduli upon evolution of lattice substructure, and a characteristic length potentially based upon both the size of the crystal element used in volume averaging and the grain subdivision measure. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USA, Res Lab, Impact Phys Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Sci Based Mat Modeling, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McDowell, DL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM david.mcdowell@me.gatech.edu RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 112 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 EI 1879-2197 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 427 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2003.08.001 PG 31 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 770NW UT WOS:000188737700001 ER PT J AU Strout, MM Carter, L Ferrante, J Kreaseck, B AF Strout, MM Carter, L Ferrante, J Kreaseck, B TI Sparse tiling for stationary iterative methods SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science CY 2001 CL San Francisco, CA DE tiling; iterative alogorithms; static and dynamic analysis; irregular grids; data locality; sparse matrix; computer architecture ID DATA LOCALITY AB In modern computers, a program's data locality can affect performance significantly. This paper details full sparse tiling, a run-time reordering transformation that improves the data locality for stationary iterative methods such as Gauss-Seidel operating on sparse matrices. In scientific applications such as finite element analysis, these iterative methods dominate the execution time., Full sparse tiling chooses a permutation of the rows and columns of the sparse matrix, and then an order of execution that achieves better data locality. We prove that full sparsetiled Gauss-Seidel generates a solution that is bitwise identical to traditional Gauss-Seidel on the permuted matrix. We also present measurements of the performance improvements and the overheads of full sparse tiling and of cache blocking for irregular grids, a related technique developed by Douglas et al. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. La Sierra Univ, Riverside, CA 92515 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 18 IS 1 BP 95 EP 113 DI 10.1177/1094342004041294 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 800ZE UT WOS:000220065400006 ER PT J AU Merida, W Maness, PC Brown, RC Levin, DB AF Merida, W Maness, PC Brown, RC Levin, DB TI Enhanced hydrogen production from indirectly heated, gasified biomass, and removal of carbon gas emissions using a novel biological gas reformer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass gasification; bio hydrogen; fuel cells ID MONOXIDE OXIDATION PATHWAY; IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; RUBRIVIVAX-GELATINOSUS; DEHYDROGENASE; SYSTEM; GROWTH AB We propose an enhanced integrated hydrogen production system that includes biological processes. Biomass gasification, achieved through the periodic combustion and pyrolysis of solid organic waste (under anaerobic conditions), results in a "producer-gas" stream consisting predominantly of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. This producer gas is typically used as a fuel in high temperature combustion. In the modified process, the producer gas is used to generate electricity using a combination of high-temperature (Solid oxide) and low-temperature (Proton exchange membrane) fuel cells. Carbon monoxide is reformed to additional H-2 using a biological system; an anaerobic bacterium, Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS that can enzymatically convert CO and H2O into CO2 and H-2. R. gelatinosus CBS can also sequester CO2 as biomass. While the heating value does not vary significantly between the two streams, we propose that a larger hydrogen fraction can increase the value of this fuel, especially in the context of fuel cell applications. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Univ Victoria, Inst Integrated Energy Syst, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Sustainable Environm Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Levin, DB (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Inst Integrated Energy Syst, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(03)00135-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 753MN UT WOS:000187235300010 ER PT J AU Balachandran, U Lee, TH Wang, S Dorris, SE AF Balachandran, U Lee, TH Wang, S Dorris, SE TI Use of mixed conducting membranes to produce hydrogen by water dissociation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen production; water dissociation; electron conductor; oxygen-ion conductor; ceramic membranes ID OXYGEN PERMEATION; SRCO0.8FE0.2O3-DELTA MEMBRANES; POROUS-ELECTRODES; OXIDE MEMBRANES; DIFFUSION AB We have studied the production of hydrogen by water dissociation at moderate temperatures (700-900degreesC) with novel mixed-conducting membranes. Hydrogen production rates were investigated as a function of temperature, water partial pressure, membrane thickness, and oxygen chemical potential gradient across the membranes. The hydrogen production rate increased with both increasing moisture concentration and oxygen chemical potential gradient. A hydrogen production rate of 6 cm(3) (STP)/min cm(2) was measured with a 0.10-mm-thick membrane at 900degreesC and 50 vol% water vapor on one side of the membrane and 80% hydrogen (balance helium) on the other side. Hydrogen was used as a model gas on one side of the membrane to establish a high oxygen potential gradient; however, another reducing gas, methane, was substituted in one experiment to maintain the high oxygen potential gradient. The hydrogen production rate increased with decreasing membrane thickness, but surface kinetics played an important role as membrane thickness decreased. (C) 2003 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 291 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(03)00134-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 753MN UT WOS:000187235300011 ER PT J AU Miller, SF Shih, AJ Qu, J AF Miller, SF Shih, AJ Qu, J TI Investigation of the spark cycle on material removal rate in wire electrical discharge machining of advanced materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE electrical discharge machining; material removal rate; surface integrity ID GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS; ORTHOGONAL ARRAY AB The development of new, advanced engineering materials and the need for precise and flexible prototypes and low-volume production have made the wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) an important manufacturing process to meet such demands. This research investigates the effect of spark on-time duration and spark on-time ratio, two important EDM process parameters, on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface integrity of four types of advanced material: porous metal foams, metal bond diamond grinding wheels, sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, and carbon-carbon bipolar plates. An experimental procedure was developed. During the wire EDM, five types of constraints on the MRR due to short circuit, wire breakage, machine slide speed limit, and spark on-time upper and lower limits are identified. An envelope of feasible EDM process parameters is generated for each work-material. Applications of such a process envelope to select process parameters for maximum MRR and for machining of micro features are discussed. Results of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of surface integrity are presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shih, AJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shiha@umich.edu OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 44 IS 4 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2003.10.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 772UK UT WOS:000188859700006 ER PT J AU Seifter, A Boboridis, K Obst, AW AF Seifter, A Boboridis, K Obst, AW TI Emissivity measurements on metallic surfaces with various degrees of roughness: A comparison of laser polarimetry and integrating sphere reflectometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Univ Colorado, BOULDER, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO Univ Colorado DE emissivity; integrating sphere; laser polarimetry; reflectometry; rough surfaces; roughness ID THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS; OF-AMPLITUDE PHOTOPOLARIMETER; HIGH-SPEED; CALIBRATION; TANTALUM AB Both integrating sphere reflectometry (ISR) as well as laser polarimetry have their advantages and limitations in their ability to determine the normal spectral emissivity of metallic samples. Laser polarimetry has been used for years to obtain normal spectral emissivity measurements on pulse-heated materials. The method is based on the Fresnel equations, which describe reflection and refraction at an ideally smooth interface between two isotropic media. However, polarimetry is frequently used with surfaces that clearly deviate from this ideal condition. Questions arise with respect to the applicability of the simple Fresnel equations to non-specular surfaces. On the other hand, reflectometry utilizing integrating spheres provides a measurement of the hemispherical spectral reflectance, from which the normal spectral emissivity can be derived. ISR provides data on spectral-normal-hemispherical reflectance and, hence, normal spectral emissivity for a variety of surfaces. However, the resulting errors are minimal when both the sample and the reference have a similar bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). In an effort to explore the limits of polarimetry in terms of surface roughness, room temperature measurements on the same samples with various degrees of roughness were performed using both ISR and a laser polarimeter. In this paper the two methods are briefly described and the results of the comparison are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys P23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Seifter, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys P23, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM seif@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 547 EP 560 DI 10.1023/B:IJOT.0000028489.81327.b7 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 822HS UT WOS:000221530400022 ER PT J AU Schock, RN Vergino, ES Joeck, N Lehman, RF AF Schock, RN Vergino, ES Joeck, N Lehman, RF TI Atoms for peace after 50 years SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CGSR, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 811PL UT WOS:000220783700020 ER PT J AU Taylor, JJ AF Taylor, JJ TI The nuclear power bargain SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Global Secur Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Taylor, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Global Secur Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jjtaylor@epri.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 811PL UT WOS:000220783700021 ER PT J AU Waltar, AE AF Waltar, AE TI Nuclear technology's numerous uses SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Waltar, AE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. EM alan.waltar@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 48 EP 54 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 811PL UT WOS:000220783700022 ER PT J AU May, M Isaacs, T AF May, M Isaacs, T TI Stronger measures needed to prevent proliferation SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Inst Int Studies, Ctr Int Secur & Cooperat, Stanford, CA USA. RP May, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mmay@stanford.edu; isaacs2@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 61 EP 69 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 811PL UT WOS:000220783700024 ER PT J AU Farrar, C Hemez, F Park, G Robertson, A Sohn, H Williams, T AF Farrar, C Hemez, F Park, G Robertson, A Sohn, H Williams, T TI Developing impact and fatigue damage prognosis solutions for composites SO JOM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Prognosis held at the 132nd TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. HYTEC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Farrar, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T006, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM farrar@lanl.gov RI Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008; Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0031-8 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 806AX UT WOS:000220407900007 ER PT J AU Sabau, AS AF Sabau, AS TI Predicting interdendritic cavity defects during casting solidification SO JOM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Prognosis held at the 132nd TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div ID CAVITATION; MICROPOROSITY; LIQUIDS AB Models for predicting interdendritic cavity defects, from which cracks can easily propagate, are necessary for the advancement of casting processes. This article shows that the location and severity of interdendritic cavity defects can be predicted using methods based on thresholds for interdendritic liquid metal flows. A short review on cavitation phenomena is presented and future directions are identified. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sabaua@ornl.gov RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAR PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 54 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0035-4 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 806AX UT WOS:000220407900011 ER PT J AU Perez, CA Sanchez, HJ Barrea, RA Grenon, M Abraham, J AF Perez, CA Sanchez, HJ Barrea, RA Grenon, M Abraham, J TI Microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis of human dental calculus using synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SUBGINGIVAL CALCULUS; ZINC; COPPER; TISSUES AB In this work, new results of one- and two-dimensional spatial distributions of major, minor and trace elements of human dental calculus are presented. X-ray fluorescence induced by a synchrotron radiation source was used. The measurements were carried out in the X-ray microprobe station mounted at the X-ray fluorescence beamline of the Brazilian National Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Two-dimensional distributions show that calcium, the major element in this type of sample, has a uniform pattern over the mapped area, while trace elements are non-homogeneously distributed. By means of different linear scans along the growing axis of the dental calculus, a markedly spatial correlation between Cu and Zn was found. A semi-quantitative analysis for Cu and Zn was performed by means of calibration curves using appropriate fabricated standards. The concentration values found for these metals were higher than those obtained in conventional bulk analysis. It was observed that these metals accumulated preferentially in the subgingival part of the calculus, near the tooth surface. These results indicate that the mineralization processes, which take place for both type of calculus, are essentially different. C1 Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Matemat Astron & Fis, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Odontol, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. RP Perez, CA (reprint author), Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, CP 6192, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM perez@lnls.br; jsan@famaf.unc.edu.ar; barrea@bio.aps.anl.gov; mirigren@odo.unc.edu.ar RI Perez, Carlos/F-9949-2013 OI Perez, Carlos/0000-0003-4284-3148 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 392 EP 397 DI 10.1039/b211253a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 808AS UT WOS:000220542600009 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, RM TI The three-dimensional analog of the classical two-dimensional truss system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The octet-truss lattice system of Fuller and examined by Desh-pande. Fleck and Ashby is here reasoned to be the most fundamental form for a three-dimensional truss system, placing it as the three-dimensional analog of the classical two-dimensional truss system. Useful applications may be possible from nanometer scales up to space station scales, in addition to the usual scales of interest in materials science. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-356, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2004 VL 71 IS 2 BP 285 EP 287 DI 10.1115/1.1651090 PG 3 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 822RV UT WOS:000221558500018 ER PT J AU Smirnov, A Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ AF Smirnov, A Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ TI Plasma measurements in a 100 W cylindrical Hall thruster SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; LANGMUIR PROBE; ION-SOURCE; TEMPERATURE; DISCHARGE; FLOW AB Conventional annular Hall thrusters become inefficient when scaled to low power. Their lifetime decreases significantly due to the channel wall erosion. Cylindrical Hall thrusters, which have lower surface-to-volume ratio and, thus, seem to be more promising for scaling down, exhibit performance comparable with conventional annular Hall thrusters of the similar size. Plasma potential, ion density, and electron temperature profiles were measured inside the 2.6 cm cylindrical Hall thruster with the use of stationary and slow movable emissive and biased Langmuir probes. Potential drop in the 2.6 cm cylindrical Hall thruster is localized mainly in the cylindrical part of the channel and in the plume, which suggests that the thruster should suffer lower erosion of the channel walls due to fast ion bombardment. Plasma density has a maximum of about (2.6-3.8)x10(12) cm(-3) at the thruster axis. At the discharge voltage of 300 V, the maximum electron temperature is about 21 eV, which is not enough to produce multiple ionization in the accelerated flux of Xe+ ions. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM asmirnov@pppl.gov NR 32 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2283 EP 2292 DI 10.1063/1.1642734 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 776VG UT WOS:000189139600013 ER PT J AU Savoini, B Caceres, D Vergara, I Gonzalez, R da Silva, RC Alves, E Chen, Y AF Savoini, B Caceres, D Vergara, I Gonzalez, R da Silva, RC Alves, E Chen, Y TI Optical and mechanical properties of MgO crystals implanted with lithium ions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE-EARTH OXIDES; AGGREGATED METAL SYSTEMS; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; IRRADIATED MGO; RADIATION-DAMAGE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CENTERS; LUMINESCENCE; MGO(100); CAO AB Defect profile induced by implantation of Li+ ions with an energy of 175 keV and a fluence of 1x10(17) ions/cm(2) in MgO single crystals was characterized by Rutherford backscattering and optical absorption measurements. Several absorption bands at 5.0, 3.49, 2.16, and 1.27 eV, identical to those found in neutron irradiated crystals, were observed and have been previously associated with oxygen vacancies and higher-order point defects involving oxygen vacancies. Despite the high fluence of Li+ ions, no evidence was found for the formation of Li nanocolloids during implantation. Nanoindentation experiments demonstrated that both the hardness and Young's modulus were higher in the implanted layer than in the sample before implantation. The maximum values were H=(17.4+/-0.4) and E=(358+/-9) GPa, respectively, at a contact depth of approximate to165 nm. Thermal annealings in flowing argon at increasing temperatures improved the crystalline quality of the implanted layer. After annealing at 500 K, two extinction bands at approximate to2.75 and 3.80 eV emerged. These bands are attributed to Mie scattering from metallic lithium nanocolloids with either a face-centered- or a body-centered-cubic structure. The latter band was almost absent by 950 K. The former reached a maximum intensity after the thermal treatment at 1050 K and disappeared by 1250 K. The behavior of these bands can be satisfactorily explained by the Maxwell-Garnett theory. The decrease in hardening cannot be correlated with the thermal destruction of the absorption bands at 5.0, 3.49, 2.16, and 1.27 eV, but rather with the annihilation of both lithium and oxygen interstitials. Lithium outdiffusion from the implanted region takes place at temperatures of approximate to1100 K. It is concluded that the hardening observed in the implanted region was primarily due to the extraordinarily large concentration of both lithium and oxygen interstitials. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. Inst Technol Nucl, P-2686953 Sacavem, Portugal. US DOE, Div Sci Mat, Off Basic Energy, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Savoini, B (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. EM bsavoi@fis.uc3m.es RI Alves, Eduardo/K-2481-2013; OI Alves, Eduardo/0000-0003-0633-8937; SAVOINI, BEGONA/0000-0002-7347-7569; da Silva, Rui/0000-0002-4442-891X NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2371 EP 2378 DI 10.1063/1.1644927 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 776VG UT WOS:000189139600027 ER PT J AU Migliori, A Ledbetter, H Thoma, DJ Darling, TW AF Migliori, A Ledbetter, H Thoma, DJ Darling, TW TI Beryllium's monocrystal and polycrystal elastic constants SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE; DEPENDENCE; ELEMENTS AB Using resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy, we measured beryllium's elastic constants for both a monocrystal and a polycrystal. Thus, we consider the monocrystal-polycrystal elastic-constant relationship for hexagonal symmetry. Beside the C-ij, we report the Debye characteristic temperature Theta and the Gruneisen parameter gamma. We comment on beryllium's chemical bonding and its remarkably low Poisson ratio. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Migliori, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM migliori@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2436 EP 2440 DI 10.1063/1.1644633 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 776VG UT WOS:000189139600037 ER PT J AU Kurtz, S Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Metzger, WK King, RR Karam, NH AF Kurtz, S Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Metzger, WK King, RR Karam, NH TI Annealing-induced-type conversion of GaInNAs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; GAAS1-XNX ALLOYS; LASER-DIODES; INGAASN; GAASN; COMPLEXES; HYDROGEN; NITROGEN AB When grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), nominally undoped GaInNAs is commonly observed to have an acceptor concentration of similar to10(17) cm(-3). However, after annealing in the MOCVD reactor at a temperature of 650degreesC, p-type GaInNAs sometimes converts to n type with an electron concentration of similar to10(17) cm(-3). This n-type material has a slightly higher electron mobility (similar to400-450 cm2/V s) than has usually been reported for 1 eV GaInNAs. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy shows significant hydrogen and some carbon contamination of these layers. The type conversion is correlated with both the nitrogen and hydrogen concentration and is relatively insensitive to the choice of growth precursors (trimethylgallium versus triethylgallium, or unsymmetric dimethylhydrazine versus nitrogen trifluoride). The data are consistent with theoretical predictions that the donors arise from a N-H complex. Annealing in the absence of hydrogen reduces the background acceptor concentration, but does not produce an electron concentration as high as 10(17) cm(-3). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kurtz, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sarah_kurtz@nrel.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2505 EP 2508 DI 10.1063/1.1643775 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 776VG UT WOS:000189139600048 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Shutthanandan, V Devanathan, R Thevuthasan, S Balakrishnan, G Paul, DM AF Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Shutthanandan, V Devanathan, R Thevuthasan, S Balakrishnan, G Paul, DM TI Damage evolution on Sm and O sublattices in Au-implanted samarium titanate pyrochlore SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-RADIATION DAMAGE; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; HOST PHASES; RARE-EARTH; GD2TI2O7; ZIRCONOLITE; OXIDES; IMMOBILIZATION; AMORPHIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB Damage evolution on the Sm and O sublattices in Sm(2)Ti(2)O(7) single crystals irradiated with 1 MeV Au(2+) ions at 170, 300, and 700 K was studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and (16)O(d,p)(17)O nuclear reaction analysis along the (001) direction. The damage accumulation behavior at each irradiation temperature indicates that the relative disorder on the O sublattice is higher than that on the Sm sublattice, and the relative disorder, determined by ion channeling, on each sublattice follows a nonlinear dependence on dose that is well described by a disorder accumulation model. While there is little difference in damage accumulation behavior on the Sm sublattice at 170 and 300 K irradiation, the rate of damage accumulation decreases dramatically at 700 K due to dynamic recovery processes. The critical dose for amorphization at 170 and 300 K is 0.14 displacements per atom (dpa), and a higher dose of 0.22 dpa is observed under irradiation at 700 K. During thermal annealing in an (18)O environment, a significant increase in the (18)O exchange was observed between 800 and 900 K, which is just below the previously determined critical temperature, 950 K, for amorphization in Sm(2)Ti(2)O(7), suggesting that the mobility of O vacancies may be important in defining the critical temperature. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yanwen.Zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; Balakrishnan, Geetha/P-5977-2016 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; Balakrishnan, Geetha/0000-0002-5890-1149 NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2866 EP 2872 DI 10.1063/1.1644891 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 776VG UT WOS:000189139600104 ER PT J AU Miller, MA Bartholomew, MJ Reynolds, RM AF Miller, MA Bartholomew, MJ Reynolds, RM TI The accuracy of marine shadow-band sun photometer measurements of aerosol optical thickness and Angstrom exponent SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; SOLSPEC SPECTROMETER; DEPTH; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; RADIATION; RETRIEVAL; MISSIONS; SPACE; ATLAS AB An analytical uncertainty propagation model is used in conjunction with laboratory and field data to quantify the uncertainty in measurements of the direct-normal irradiance, aerosol optical thickness, and Angstrom-exponent made with a ship-mounted fast-rotating shadow-band radiometer (FRSR). Total uncertainties in FRSR measurements of aerosol optical thickness are found to be 0.02 - 0.03 at the 95% confidence level ( two standard deviations). The "lever-arm'' effect, a salient characteristic of the Langely technique in which uncertainties in aerosol optical thickness measurements are reduced as the solar zenith angle increases, is essentially offset by orientation uncertainty. Lack of a lever-arm effect precludes Langley calibration of FRSRs while at sea; they must be calibrated on land. Uncertainties in FRSR measurements of the two-wavelength Angstrom exponent are shown to depend strongly on the aerosol optical thickness, with the maximum uncertainty of 0.6 associated with clean, maritime air masses. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miller, MA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM miller@bnl.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 397 EP 410 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0397:TAOMSS>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 805BA UT WOS:000220340600001 ER PT J AU Shi, JX Pelton, JG Cho, HS Wemmer, DE AF Shi, JX Pelton, JG Cho, HS Wemmer, DE TI Protein signal assignments using specific labeling and cell-free synthesis SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article DE cell-free protein synthesis; NMR assignment; phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP); selective stable isotope labeling ID SYNTHESIS SYSTEM; PULSE SCHEME; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; RESONANCE ASSIGNMENTS; ENHANCED-SENSITIVITY; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; AMIDE PROTONS; NMR ANALYSIS; N-15; SPECTRA AB The goal of structural genomics initiatives is to determine complete sets of protein structures that represent recently sequenced genomes. The development of new high throughput methods is an essential aspect of this enterprise. Residue type and sequential assignments obtained from specifically labeled samples, when combined with 3D heteronuclear data, can significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of the assignment process, the first step in structure determination by NMR. A protocol for the design of specifically labeled samples with high information content is presented along with a description of the experiments used to extract essential information using 2D versions of 3D heteronuclear experiments. In vitro protein synthesis methods were used to produce four specifically labeled samples of the 23.5 kDa protein phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) from Methanoccous jannaschii (MJ1594). Each sample contained two C-13/N-15-labeled amino acids and one N-15-labeled amino acid. The 135 type and 14 sequential assignments obtained from these samples were used in conjunction with 3D data obtained from uniformly C-13/N-15-labeled and H-2/C-13/N-15-labeled protein to manually assign the backbone H-1(N), N-15, (CO)-C-13, C-13(alpha), and C-13(beta) signals. Using an automated assignment algorithm, 30% more assignments were obtained when the type and sequential assignments were used in the calculations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Xencor, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dewemmer@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62412] NR 44 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD MAR PY 2004 VL 28 IS 3 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1023/B:JNMR.0000013697.10256.74 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 768FD UT WOS:000188532200004 PM 14752257 ER PT J AU Oakes, CS Rard, JA Archer, DG AF Oakes, CS Rard, JA Archer, DG TI Enthalpies of dilution of NdCl3(aq) at temperatures from 297.89 K to 372.08 K and an extended Pitzer ion-interaction model for the NdCl3+H2O system SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH CHLORIDES; APPARENT MOLAL VOLUMES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; 25 DEGREESC; PERCHLORATE SOLUTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DENSITIES AB Enthalpy of dilution measurements were made for NdCl3(aq) over the molality range 0.0080 mol(.)kg(-1) to 2.6883 mol(.)kg(-1) at temperatures from 297.89 K to 372.08 K and at a fixed pressure of 0.5 MPa. Published values of osmotic coefficients, emfs of a reversible electrochemical cell, enthalpies of dilution, apparent molar heat capacities, and apparent molar volumes of NdCl3(aq) were critically assessed, and the more reliable of these results were combined with the present enthalpies of dilution to yield the parameters of an extended form of Pitzer's ion-interaction model valid to high molalities and for the temperature range 280 K to 375 K. Values of the solubility and enthalpy of solution of the hexahydrate crystal and the enthalpy of solution of the anhydrous crystal were also included in the data representation, leading to new standard properties for the solution processes of both of these crystal phases. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OLI Syst, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Archer, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM OakesCS@netscape.net; rard1@llnl.gov; donald.archer@nist.gov NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 313 EP 325 DI 10.1021/je0302194 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 803JE UT WOS:000220226600029 ER PT J AU Faulon, JL Collins, MJ Carr, RD AF Faulon, JL Collins, MJ Carr, RD TI The signature molecular descriptor. 4. Canonizing molecules using extended valence sequences SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLYNOMIAL-TIME; ISOMORPHISM; NETWORKS; GRAPHS AB We present a new algorithm to canonize molecular graphs using the signature molecular descriptor introduced in the previous papers of this series. While developed specifically for molecular structures, the algorithm can be used for any Graph and is not limited to acyclic graphs, planar graphs, bounded valence, or bounded Genus Graphs, for which polynomial time algorithms exist. The algorithm is tested with benzenoid hydrocarbons and a database of 126 705 organic compounds. The algorithm's performances are compared against Brendan Mc Kay's Nauty algorithm, which is believed to be the fastest graph canonization algorithm for General Graphs, with five series of graphs each comprising up to 30 000 vertices: 2D meshes (pericondensed benzenoids), 3D cages (fullerenes and nanotubes), 3D meshes (crystal lattices), 4D cages, and power law Graphs (protein and gene networks). The algorithm can be downloaded as an open source code at http://www.cs.sandia.gov/similar tojfaulon/QSAR. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Biol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Cryptog, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Discrete Algorithms & Math, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Faulon, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Biol, POB 696,MS 9951, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jfaulon@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 44 IS 2 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1021/ci0341823 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 804TC UT WOS:000220320000022 PM 15032522 ER PT J AU Szpunar, DE Miller, JL Butler, LJ Qi, F AF Szpunar, DE Miller, JL Butler, LJ Qi, F TI 193-nm photodissociation of acryloyl chloride to probe the unimolecular dissociation of CH2CHCO radicals and CH2CCO SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VINYLIDENE-ACETYLENE REARRANGEMENT; NM PHOTODISSOCIATION; AB-INITIO; HCL ELIMINATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; 2-CHLOROPROPENE; DECOMPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOLYSIS; CL AB The work presented here uses photofragment translational spectroscopy to investigate the primary and secondary dissociation channels of acryloyl chloride (CH(2)equivalent toCHCOCl) excited at 193 nm. Three primary channels were observed. Two C-Cl fission channels occur, one producing fragments with high kinetic recoil energies and the other producing fragments with low translational energies. These channels produced nascent CH2CHCO radicals with internal energies ranging from 23 to 66 kcal/mol for the high-translational-energy channel and from 50 to 68 kcal/mol for the low-translational-energy channel. We found that all nascent CH2CHCO radicals were unstable to CH2CH+CO formation, in agreement with the G3//B3LYP barrier height of 22.4 kcal/mol to within experimental and computational uncertainties. The third primary channel is HCl elimination. All of the nascent CH2CCO coproducts were found to have enough internal energy to dissociate, producing CH2C:+CO, in qualitative agreement with the G3//B3LYP barrier of 39.5 kcal/mol. We derive from the experimental results an upper limit of 23+/-3 kcal/mol for the zero-point-corrected barrier to the unimolecular dissociation of the CH2CHCO radical to form CH2CH+CO. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Szpunar, DE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 9 BP 4223 EP 4230 DI 10.1063/1.1644096 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 777XM UT WOS:000189209200019 PM 15268589 ER PT J AU Guilderson, TP Schrag, DP Cane, MA AF Guilderson, TP Schrag, DP Cane, MA TI Surface water mixing in the Solomon Sea as documented by a high-resolution coral C-14 record SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; TROPICAL PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; RADIOCARBON; VARIABILITY; AMS; CURRENTS; ISLAND; WINDS AB A bimonthly coral-based record of the postbomb radiocarbon content of Solomon Sea surface waters is interpreted to reflect mixing of subtropical surface water and that advected in from the east by the equatorial branch of the South Equatorial Current (SEC). Annual mean Delta(14)C has a dynamic range of nearly 175%, with a total range of nearly 200%. Prebomb values average -56% and the annual mean postbomb maxima occurs in 1985 with a value of +117%. Interannual variability in the record reflects surface current variations in conjunction with surface wind changes associated with ENSO. During El Nino years the waters of the Solomon Sea reflect a stronger influence of waters advected in from the east by the SEC and less "pure" subtropical water. This is most likely accomplished by a southward shift of the equatorward branch of the SEC during El Nino. There is an overall decrease in the relative proportion of eastern tropical water that is interpreted as a decrease in the strength and intensity of the shallow circulation of the tropical Pacific during the latter portion of the twentieth century. If validated, this secular trend bears strongly upon the rate of extratropical-tropical recirculation and the redistribution of heat and salt within the tropical Pacific. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Harvard Univ, Lab Geochem Oceanog, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. RP Guilderson, TP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM guilderson1@llnl.gov NR 42 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1147 EP 1156 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1147:SWMITS>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 801RX UT WOS:000220114100019 ER PT J AU Gustafson, WI Weare, BC AF Gustafson, WI Weare, BC TI MM5 modeling of the Madden-Julian oscillation in the Indian and west Pacific Oceans: Model description and control run results SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; LONGWAVE RADIATION DATASET; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; CLOUD MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; TESTS; VARIABILITY; COORDINATE AB A new methodology to study the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is introduced. While previous MJO studies typically have involved highly simplified mathematical models or general circulation models, this new approach seeks to reproduce the MJO by using a regional model with prescribed boundary conditions. This paper reports initial control run results for this methodology using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University (PSU) National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) for a domain extending from the western Indian Ocean to the date line. The control run boundaries are forced using the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (NRA) dataset for a 24-month time period. The climatology for the 24-month period is examined to establish the robustness of MM5 for this region. Results indicate good agreement in the mean winds between the model and the forcing dataset. The primary differences are an easterly bias at 850 hPa and altered flow patterns in the Indian monsoon region. Mean outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) results are good for the model interior with larger discrepancies near the western and eastern boundaries. These discrepancies lead to a reversal of the OLR gradient along the equator. Thirty- to seventy-day bandpassed data are examined to determine how MM5 reproduces the MJO. The modeled and comparison 30-70-day zonal wind and OLR data have similar MJO periodicities, exhibit eastward propagation, and possess the observed seasonal character and vertical structure of the MJO. The "Matthews EOF technique" reveals good similarity between the model and observed OLR. Analysis of vertical profiles of 30-70-day zonal wind reveals that lower-tropospheric winds blow in the opposite direction of upper-level winds for both the model and NRA. Vertical profiles of 30-70-day moist static energy exhibit a peak near the top of the boundary layer. Differences between the model-simulated and observed MJO events have a tendency for the OLR to be relatively noisy and for peak OLR intensity to occur in the west Indian Ocean in the model, as opposed to the eastern Indian Ocean in observations. This paper establishes the groundwork for a successive paper wherein the boundary forcings will be modified to examine how this alters the modeled MJO. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Atmospher Sci Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, 3200 Q Ave,MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM william.gustafson@pnl.gov RI Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008 OI Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393 NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1320 EP 1337 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1320:MMOTMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RD UT WOS:000220450100014 ER PT J AU Gustafson, WI Weare, BC AF Gustafson, WI Weare, BC TI MM5 modeling of the Madden-Julian oscillation in the Indian and west Pacific Oceans: Implications of 30-70-day boundary effects on MJO development SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; CONVECTION; ANOMALIES; CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE; CYCLE AB The results of an experiment designed to isolate the initiation phase of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) from 30-70-day boundary effects is presented. The technique used to accomplish this involves employing the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5), as first presented in the companion paper to this paper. Two runs, each 2 yr long, are integrated forward from 1 June 1990. The first run, called the control, uses the unmodified National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)-NCAR reanalysis (NRA) dataset for boundary conditions. The second run, called the notched, uses the same NRA dataset for the boundary conditions, with the exception that all signals with periodicities in the 30-70-day range have been removed. Any signals in the 30-70-day range subsequently generated by the notched run are then solely due to signals generated from within the model domain or from signals entering through the domain boundaries with frequencies outside of the MJO band. Comparisons between 2-yr means from each run indicate that filtering the boundaries does not significantly modify the model climatology. The mean wind structure, thermodynamic state, and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) are almost identical in the control and notched runs. A 30-70-day bandpass filter is used to isolate MJO-like signals in the runs. Comparisons of 30-70-day bandpassed zonal wind, moist static energy (MSE), and OLR reveal that the notched run develops many of the expected characteristics of MJO episodes, but with a weaker signal. Large-scale, organized structures develop that possess seasonal shifts in amplitude, mirroring observed MJO activity, have opposite wind directions in the upper and lower troposphere, and propagate eastward during most strong episodes. The results suggest that neither remnants from previous MJO episodes nor extratropical feedbacks within the MJO time band are necessary for MJO initiation. However, the control run is more organized than the notched run, implying that 30-70 signals outside the model domain influence the MJO signal. There is also some evidence that the recharge-discharge mechanism plays a role in MJO formation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Atmospher Sci Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Gustafson, WI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 3200 Q Ave,MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM william.gustafson@pnl.gov RI Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008 OI Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1338 EP 1351 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1338:MMOTMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RD UT WOS:000220450100015 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE AF Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE TI EXAFS study of mercury(II) sorption to Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides I. Effects of pH SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EXAFS; mercury; sorption; goethite; gamma-alumina; bayerite; bond valence ID BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; GLASS MELT SYSTEMS; PB(II) SORPTION; GAMMA-AL2O3/WATER INTERFACE; STRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENTS; CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION; INCOMPATIBLE ELEMENTS AB The study of mercury sorption products in model systems using appropriate in situ molecular-scale probes can provide detailed information on the modes of sorption at mineral/water interfaces. Such studies are essential for assessing the influence of sorption processes on the transport of Hg in contaminated natural systems. Macroscopic uptake of Hg(II) on goethite (alpha-FeOOH), gamma-alumina (gamma-Al2O3), and bayerite (beta-Al(OH)(3)) as a function of pH has been combined with Hg L-III-edge EXAFS spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and bond valence analysis of possible sorption products to provide this type of information. Macroscopic uptake measurements show that Hg(II) sorbs strongly to fine-grained powders of synthetic goethite (Hg sorption density Gamma = 0.39-0.42 mumol/m(2)) and bayerite (Gamma = 0.39-0.44 mumol/m(2)), while sorbing more weakly to gamma-alumina (Gamma = 0.04-0.13 mumol/m(2)). EXAFS spectroscopy on the sorption samples shows that the dominant mode of Hg sorption on these phases is as monodentate and bidentate inner-sphere complexes. The mode of Hg(II) sorption to goethite was similar over the pH range 4.3-7.4, as were those of Hg(II) sorption to bayerite over the pH range 5.1-7.9. Conversion of the gamma-Al2O3 sorbent to a bayerite-like phase in addition to the apparent reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(I), possibly by photoreduction during EXAFS data collection, resulted in enhanced Hg uptake from pH 5.2-7.8 and changes in the modes of sorption that correlate with the formation of the bayerite-like phase. Bond valence calculations are consistent with the sorption modes proposed from EXAFS analysis. EXAFS analysis of Hg(II) sorption products on a natural Fe oxyhydroxide precipitate and Al/Si-bearing flocculent material showed sorption products and modes of surface attachment similar to those for the model substrates, indicating that the model substrates are useful surrogates for the natural sediments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kim, CS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM chriskim@pangea.stanford.edu NR 92 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 7 U2 52 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 271 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00330-8 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 771HB UT WOS:000188778600001 PM 14757070 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Wang, C. Z. Ho, K. M. TI Tight-Binding Molecular Dynamics for Carbon and Applications to Nanostructure Formation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Tight-Binding Molecular Dynamics; Carbon Nanotubes; Fullerenes; Nanodiamond ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MINIMAL BASIS-SETS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SILICON CLUSTERS; COVALENT SYSTEMS; LIQUID CARBON; NANOTUBES; C-60; DIAMOND AB Tight-binding molecular dynamics has emerged as a useful method for studying the structural, mechanical and electronic properties of materials. In this article, we will review the development of tight-binding potentials for carbon systems and the accuracy of the tight-binding potentials for studying nanostructures such as carbon fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. We will also review atomistic simulations using tight-binding molecular dynamics to study the nucleation and formation of carbon fullerenes and single-walled carbon nanotubes. Several formation pathways and nucleation mechanisms have been discussed, including nucleation from the gas phase, formation by zipping graphitic patches, growth via coalescence and transformation from nanodiamonds. C1 [Wang, C. Z.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 88 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 EI 1546-1963 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 DI 10.1166/jctn.2004.002 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA V03TK UT WOS:000207012900002 ER PT J AU Visher, J Wandzura, S White, A AF Visher, J Wandzura, S White, A TI Stable, high-order discretization for evolution of the wave equation in 1+1 dimensions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE small-cell problem; stability AB We carry forward the approach of Alpert, Greengard, and Hagstrom to construct stable high-order explicit discretizations for the wave equation in one space and one time dimension. They presented their scheme as an integral form of the Lax-Wendroff method. Our perspective is somewhat different from theirs; our focus is on the discretization of the evolution formula rather than on its form (integral, differential, etc.). A key feature of our approach is the independent computation of three discretizations, one for bulk (away from boundaries) propagation, one for propagation near boundaries, and a projection operator to enforce boundary conditions. This is done in a way that is straightforward to extend to more space dimensions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 LLC, HRL Labs, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wandzura, S (reprint author), LLC, HRL Labs, 3011 Malibu Canyon Rd, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM visher@hrl.com; wandzura@hrl.com; amwhite@stanford.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 194 IS 2 BP 395 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.09.028 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 800LO UT WOS:000220030000001 ER PT J AU Ropp, DL Shadid, JN Ober, CC AF Ropp, DL Shadid, JN Ober, CC TI Studies of the accuracy of time integration methods for reaction-diffusion equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONEQUILIBRIUM RADIATION DIFFUSION; GENERALIZED-ALPHA METHOD; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; SYSTEMS; STIFF AB In this study we present numerical experiments of time integration methods applied to systems of reaction-diffusion equations. Our main interest is in evaluating the relative accuracy and asymptotic order of accuracy of the methods on problems which exhibit an approximate balance between the competing component time scales. Nearly balanced systems can produce a significant coupling of the physical mechanisms and introduce a slow dynamical time scale of interest. These problems provide a challenging test for this evaluation and tend to reveal subtle differences between the various methods. The methods we consider include first- and second-order semi-implicit, fully implicit, and operator-splitting techniques. The test problems include a prototype propagating nonlinear reaction-diffusion wave, a non-equilibrium radiation-diffusion system, a Brusselator chemical dynamics system and a blow-up example. In this evaluation we demonstrate a "split personality" for the operator-splitting methods that we consider. While operator-splitting methods often obtain very good accuracy, they can also manifest a serious degradation in accuracy due to stability problems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Math & Algorithms, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shadid, JN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Comp Sci, POB 5800,MS 1111, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlropp@sandia.gov; jnshadi@sandia.gov; ccober@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 194 IS 2 BP 544 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.08.033 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 800LO UT WOS:000220030000007 ER PT J AU Hansen, G Zardecki, A Greening, D Bos, R AF Hansen, G Zardecki, A Greening, D Bos, R TI A finite element method for unstructured grid smoothing SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE finite elements; Galerkin methods; mesh generation; elliptic smoothing ID ARBITRARY 2-DIMENSIONAL BODIES; NUMERICAL GENERATION; ALGORITHMS; NUMBER AB The finite element method is applied to grid smoothing for two-dimensional planar geometry. The coordinates of the grid nodes satisfy two quasi-linear elliptic equations in the form of Laplace equations in a Riemann space. By forming a Dirichlet boundary value problem, the proposed method is applicable to both structured and unstructured grids. The Riemannian metric, acting as a driving force in the grid smoothing, is computed iteratively beginning with the metric of the unsmoothed grid. Smoothing is achieved by computing the metric tensor on the dual mesh elements, which incorporates the influence of neighbor elements. Numerical examples of this smoothing methodology, demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed approach, are presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Compuat Sci Methods Grp, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci Grp, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Compuat Sci Methods Grp, Div Appl Phys, MS F645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ghansen@lanl.gov; azz@lanl.gov; dgreening@lanl.gov; rbos@lanl.gov OI Hansen, Glen/0000-0002-1786-9285 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 194 IS 2 BP 611 EP 631 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.09.014 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 800LO UT WOS:000220030000010 ER PT J AU Zhang, DX Lu, ZM AF Zhang, DX Lu, ZM TI An efficient, high-order perturbation approach for flow in random porous media via Karhunen-Loeve and polynomial expansions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulations; heterogeneity; uncertainty; higher-order approximation; Karhunen-Loeve decomposition ID HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; UNSATURATED FLOW; TRANSPORT; NONSTATIONARY; MACRODISPERSION; UNCERTAINTY; DIFFUSION; ELEMENTS AB In this study, we attempt to obtain higher-order solutions of the means and (co)variances of hydraulic head for saturated flow in randomly heterogeneous porous media on the basis of the combination of Karhunen-Loeve decomposition, polynomial expansion, and perturbation methods. We first decompose the log hydraulic conductivity Y - ln K-s, as an infinite series on the basis of a set of orthogonal Gaussian standard random variables {xi(i)}. The coefficients of the series are related to eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the covariance function of log hydraulic conductivity. We then write head as an infinite series whose terms h((n)) represent head of nth order in terms of ay, the standard deviation of Y, and derive a set of recursive equations for h((n)). We then decompose h((n)) with polynomial expansions in terms of the products of n Gaussian random variables. The coefficients in these series are determined by substituting decompositions of Y and h((n)) into those recursive equations. We solve the mean head up to fourth-order in sigma(Y) and the head variances up to third-order in sigma(Y)(2). We conduct Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and compare MC results against approximations of different orders from the moment-equation approach based on Karhunen-Loeve decomposition (KLME). We also explore the validity of the KLME approach for different degrees of medium variability and various correlation scales. It is evident that the KLME approach with higher-order corrections is superior to the conventional first-order approximations and is computationally more efficient than the Monte Carlo simulation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, POB 1663,EES-6,MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM donzhang@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Lu, Zhiming/0000-0001-5800-3368 NR 33 TC 129 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 194 IS 2 BP 773 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.09.015 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 800LO UT WOS:000220030000017 ER PT J AU Altman, SJ Uchida, M Tidwell, VC Boney, CM Chambers, BP AF Altman, SJ Uchida, M Tidwell, VC Boney, CM Chambers, BP TI Use of X-ray absorption imaging to examine heterogeneous diffusion in fractured crystalline rocks SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE matrix diffusion; X-ray absorption imaging; heterogeneity; fractured crystalline rock; contaminant transport; porosity ID PORE-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; MATRIX DIFFUSION; MASS-TRANSFER; FIELDS; LIGHT; SITE; FLOW AB Heterogeneous diffusion in different regions of a fractured granodiorite from Japan has been observed and measured through the use of X-ray absorption imaging. These regions include gouge-filled fractures, recrystallized fracture-filling material and hydrothermally altered matrix. With the X-ray absorption imaging technique, porosity, relative concentration, and relative mass of an iodine tracer were imaged in two dimensions with a sub-millimeter pixel size. Because portions of the samples analyzed have relatively low porosity values, imaging errors can potentially impact the results. For this reason, efforts were made to better understand and quantify this error. Based on the X-ray data, pore diffusion coefficients (D-p) for the different regions were estimated assuming a single diffusion rate and a lognormal multirate distribution of D-p. Results show D-p for the gouge-filled fractures are over an order of magnitude greater than those of the recrystallized fracture-filling material, which in turn is approximately two times greater than those for the altered matrix. The recrystallized fracture-filling material was found to exhibit the greatest degree of variability. The results of these experiments also provide evidence that diffusion from advective zones in fractures through the gouge-filled fractures and recrystallized fracture-filling material could increase the pore space available for matrix diffusion. This evidence is important for understanding the performance of potential nuclear waste repositories in crystalline rocks as diffusion is thought to be an important retardation mechanism for radionuclides. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Tokai Works, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191194, Japan. RP Altman, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sjaltma@sandia.gov; uchida@tokai.jnc.go.jp; vctidwe@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00153-0 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 777TL UT WOS:000189193600001 PM 14972435 ER PT J AU Taylor, TP Rathfelder, KM Pennell, KD Abriola, LA AF Taylor, TP Rathfelder, KM Pennell, KD Abriola, LA TI Effects of ethanol addition on micellar solubilization and plume migration during surfactant enhanced recovery of tetrachloroethene SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE surfactant; solubilization; ethanol; retnediation; DNAPL; PCE ID LOW PERMEABILITY LENSES; AQUIFER REMEDIATION; RESIDUAL TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; POROUS-MEDIUM; SOIL COLUMNS; PHASE; SIMULATION; DODECANE; LIQUID AB Alcohol addition has been suggested for use in combination with surfactant flushing to enhance solubilization kinetics and permit density control of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)-laden surfactant plumes. This study examined the effects of adding ethanol (EtOH) to a 4% Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) solution used to flush tetrachloroethene (PCE)-contaminated porous media. The influence of EtOH concentration, subsurface layering and scale on flushing solution delivery and PCE recovery was investigated through a combination of experimental and mathematical modeling studies. Results of batch experiments demonstrated that the addition of 2.5%, 5% and 10% (wt.) EtOH incrementally increased the PCE solubilization capacity and viscosity of the surfactant solution, while reducing solution density from 1.002 to 0.986 g/cm(3). Effluent concentration data obtained from one-dimensional (1-D) column experiments were used to characterize rate-limited micellar solubilization of residual PCE, which was strongly dependent upon flow velocity and weakly dependent upon EtOH concentration. Two-dimensional (2-D) box studies illustrated that minor differences (0.008 g/cm(3)) between flushing and resident solution density can strongly influence surfactant front propagation. A two-dimensional multiphase simulator, MISER, was used to model the influence of EtOH composition on the aqueous flow field and PCE mass recovery. The ability of the numerical simulator to predict effluent concentrations and front propagation was demonstrated for both 1-D columns and 2-D boxes flushed with EtOH-amended Tween 80 solutions. Results of this study quantify the potential influence of alcohol addition on surfactant solution properties and solubilization capacity, and demonstrate the importance of considering small density variations in remedial design. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. GeoSyntec Consultants, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CSIC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pennell, KD (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM kpennell@ce.gatech.edu RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00151-7 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 777TL UT WOS:000189193600004 PM 14972438 ER PT J AU Armitage, R Yang, Q Feick, H Weber, ER AF Armitage, R Yang, Q Feick, H Weber, ER TI Evaluation of CCl4 and CS2 as carbon doping sources in MBE growth of GaN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE doping; molecular beam epitaxy; nitrides ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; GALLIUM VACANCIES; ACCEPTOR; NITRIDE; GAAS AB GaN:C epilayers were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy-GaN/ sapphire templates using CCl4 and CS2 vapors as carbon doping sources. The resulting epilayers were characterized by secondary ion mass spectrometry, photoluminescence, and electrical resistivity among other techniques. Both sources were found to controllably introduce carbon in the concentration range 1 x 10(18)-3 x 10(19) cm(-3) with insignificant contamination by other impurities. The CCl4 source drastically reduced the effective Ga/N flux ratio due to a parasitic reaction, necessitating greatly increased Ga flux to maintain Ga-rich conditions. On the other hand GaN:C was successfully obtained with CS2 with no parasitic reaction. For both sources an anomalous concentration dependence of the carborf incorporation behavior was observed, leading to reduced concentrations of electrically active CN acceptors for higher total doping levels. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Armitage, R (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. EM rob@semicon.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp; qingyang@uclink4.berkeley.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 263 IS 1-4 BP 132 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.11.091 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 802SY UT WOS:000220184400022 ER PT J AU Nalla, RK Kinney, JH Marshall, SJ Ritchie, RO AF Nalla, RK Kinney, JH Marshall, SJ Ritchie, RO TI On the in vitro fatigue behavior of human dentin: Effect of mean stress SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dentin; fatigue; S/N behavior; stress-ratio; fractography; constant-life diagram AB Human dentin is susceptible to failure under repetitive cyclic-fatigue loading. This investigation seeks to address the paucity of data that reliably quantify this phenomenon. Specifically, the effect of alternating vs. mean stresses, characterized by the stress- or load-ratio R (ratio of minimum-to-maximum stress), was investigated for three R values (-1, 0.1, and 0.5). Dentin was observed to be prone to fatigue failure under cyclic stresses, with susceptibility varying, depending upon the stress level. The "stress-life" (S/N) data obtained are discussed in the context of constant-life diagrams for fatigue failure. The results provide the first fatigue data for human dentin under tension-compression loading and serve to map out safe and unsafe regimes for failure over a wide range of in vitro fatigue lives (< 10(3) to > 10(6) cycles). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heart Min Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE 09859] NR 21 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 83 IS 3 BP 211 EP 215 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 802BS UT WOS:000220139600005 PM 14981121 ER PT J AU Ahrenkiel, SP Wanlass, MW Carapella, JJ Gedvilas, LM Keyes, BM Ahrenkiel, RK Moutinho, HR AF Ahrenkiel, SP Wanlass, MW Carapella, JJ Gedvilas, LM Keyes, BM Ahrenkiel, RK Moutinho, HR TI Characterization survey of GaxIn1-xAs/InAsyP1-y double heterostructures and InAsyP1-y multilayers grown on InP SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE heteroepitaxy; lattice mismatch; InP; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); X-ray diffraction (XRD) ID BUFFER LAYERS; MISFIT DISLOCATIONS; INGAAS; STRAIN; SEMICONDUCTORS; RELAXATION; SUBSTRATE; EPITAXY; FILM; HETEROJUNCTIONS AB Low-bandgap, lattice-mismatched GaxIn1-xAs (GaInAs) grown using InAsyP1-y (InAsP) compositional-step grades on InP is a primary choice for light-absorbing, active layers in high-efficiency thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices. The GaInAs/InAsP double heterostructures (DHs) show exceptional minority carrier lifetimes of up to several microseconds. We have performed a characterization survey of 0.4-0.6-eV GaInAs/InAsP DHs using a variety of techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dislocations are rarely observed to thread into the GaInAs active layers from the InAsP buffer layers that terminate the graded regions. Nearly complete strain relaxation occurs in buried regions of the InAsP grades. The buffer-layer strain prior to deposition of the active layer is virtually independent of the net misfit. Foreknowledge of this buffer-layer strain is essential to correctly lattice match the buffer to the GaInAs active layer. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, SP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM phil_ahrenkiel@nrel.gov NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0178-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 803LV UT WOS:000220233500005 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Chow, CL Fang, HE Neilsen, KM Lim, TJ Lu, W AF Wei, Y Chow, CL Fang, HE Neilsen, KM Lim, TJ Lu, W TI Failure analysis of miniature solder specimen SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS; MODEL; FATIGUE AB The effects of specimen geometry size on the behavior of 63Sn-37Pb solder are investigated both experimentally in the laboratory and analytically. with finite-element simulations. The simulations are achieved by developing a constitutive model for soldier which couples viscoplasticity with a unified damage theory. The unified damage theory is characterized by a damage surface in strain space which separates fatigue damage from inelastic damage. The damage evolution equations are derived within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. A series of uniaxial tension, tensile creep, and strain-controlled fatigue experiments are performed to obtain material parameters for the solder damage model. The solder damage model is then implemented into a finite element code and used to simulate a uniaxial tension test on a miniature specimen and on a standard ASTM specimen (ASTM Standards, 1999, "Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, "ASTM E8-78). Predictions from these simulations are then compared with each other and with experimental results in order to examine microstructure size effects. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1043-7398 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 126 IS 1 BP 100 EP 105 DI 10.1115/1.1648060 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 813CZ UT WOS:000220886500018 ER PT J AU Roberts, JJ Wildenschild, D AF Roberts, JJ Wildenschild, D TI Electrical properties of sand-clay mixtures containing trichloroethylene and ethanol SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHALY SANDS; CONDUCTIVITY; MECHANISM; MODEL AB A series of laboratory experiments that measured electrical properties and permeability was performed on carefully characterized sand-clay mixtures. Different mixtures and configurations of quartz sand and 10% Na-montmorillonite clay were investigated using solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, and deionized water. A sample containing 10% dispersed clay was also studied using fluids containing 20- and 500-ppm trichloroethylene (TCE). Each sample's electrical properties after fluid saturation were measured at frequencies between 10(-2) and 10(6) Hz by using the four-electrode method with Ag-AgCl inner electrodes at room temperature and 412 kPa confining pressure, which corresponds to a soil depth of 15-20 m. Our results show that adding TCE had a small effect on electrical resistivity: resistivity was greater at higher concentrations of TCE. The influence of TCE on electrical properties was most prominent in plots of loss tangent as a function of frequency. These plots showed that loss-tangent peaks occurred at similar to200 Hz and that peak and peak frequency were smaller at higher concentrations of TCE. Additional experiments were performed on a sample that contained a distinct clay layer parallel to the current flow. The electrical properties of the sample were measured as it was saturated with deionized water and CaCl2 Solutions, and as an ethanol-water mixture (80:20) was flowed through the sample. Resistivity increased by about a factor of 4 as the ethanol mixture replaced the water solution. Nondestructive x-ray imaging of the sample at various stages of dewatering indicated a decrease in the thickness of the clay layer as more pore volumes of ethanol-water were flowed. Our results show that electrical measurements are useful tools for characterizing porous rocks and soils and that it is feasible to remotely detect the presence and follow the transport of contaminants such as TCE in the subsurface. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Roberts, JJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 856FK UT WOS:000224030900001 ER PT J AU Daily, W Ramirez, A Binley, A AF Daily, W Ramirez, A Binley, A TI Remote monitoring of leaks in storage tanks using electrical resistance tomography: Application at the Hanford site SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A field experiment was performed to evaluate the performance of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) to detect leaks from metal underground storage tanks. The test was carried out under conditions simulating those expected during actual remediation of a single shell tank located at the U. S. Department of Energy Hanford Reservation, Washington. A system was developed for the experiment to allow remote operation during the entire test. Approximately 54,000 liters of concentrated sodium thiosulfate (simulating tank waste) were episodically released from a steel tank in a blind test lasting 110 days (no knowledge of the release episodes during the course of the test were provided). ERT data were collected using an array of point electrodes installed in boreholes around the tank. Each day during the test a leak or no-leak condition was declared based solely on analysis of the electrical data. The success rate of the declarations made during the test was only 57%, however, further analysis carried out at the end of the test resulted in a significant improvement of the success rate. The results suggest that ERT, used either with custom built electrode arrays or existing steel cased wells, can provide an effective means of monitoring remediation or long-term integrity of underground storage tanks. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Daily, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Binley, Andrew/C-2487-2013 OI Binley, Andrew/0000-0002-0938-9070 NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 856FK UT WOS:000224030900002 ER PT J AU Spence, RD Mattus, AJ AF Spence, RD Mattus, AJ TI Laboratory stabilizations/solidification of tank sludges: MVST/BVEST SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stabilization; solidification; cement; slag; chromium; mercury; cadmium; Cs-137; Sr-85 AB Oak Ridge tank sludges that have been collected over several decades are being combined for treatment and disposal. Stabilization of the highly radioactive, mixed-waste sludges in the different tank sets has been evaluated prior to the proposed combination and treatment. This paper documents the testing of a Melton Valley Storage Tank (MVST)/Bethel Valley Evaporator Storage Tank set. Subsequent papers will discuss continued work on other tank sets and efforts to maximize the sludge loading. Grout formulations were tested in the laboratory both with a surrogate and with a sample of an actual mixed waste tank sludge from MVST W-25. Wet-sludge loadings of 50-60 wt% resulted in strong wasteforms with no free water and gave a volume increase of about 40-50 vol%. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals included in the surrogate testing were cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium, thallium, and mercury. The actual sludge sample was only characteristically hazardous for mercury by the Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure but exceeded the Universal Treatment Standard (UTS) limit for chromium. The grout formulations stabilized these two RCRA metals within UTS limits. In addition, a grout leachability index of about 9.0- =10.0 was measured for both Sr-85 and (CS)-C-137, meeting the recommended requirement of >6.0. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spence, RD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spencerd@ornl.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 BP 189 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.12.003 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 779XW UT WOS:000189328400001 PM 15036693 ER PT J AU Spence, RD Mattus, CH AF Spence, RD Mattus, CH TI Laboratory stabilization/solidification of tank sludges: GAAT, OHF, and combined tank sets SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stabilization; solidification; cement; slag; chromium; mercury; cadmium; lead; Cs-137; Sr-85 AB Highly radioactive, mixed-waste sludges that have been collected at Oak Ridge over several decades are being combined for treatment and disposal. Stabilization of the sludges in the different tank sets was tested prior to the proposed combination and treatment. This paper, which follows a previous article on the Melton Valley Storage Tank/Bethel Valley Evaporator Storage Tank set, documents the testing of the Gunite and Associated Tank and Old Hydrofracture Facility tank sets, as well as the combined sludges of all the Oak Ridge National Laboratory tank sets; the third paper on this subject will discuss efforts to maximize the sludge loading. The grout formulations were tested in the laboratory with surrogates. A wet-sludge loading of 60 wt% resulted in strong wasteforms with no free water and gave a volume increase of about 30-40 vol%. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act metals included in the surrogate testing were silver, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium, thallium, zinc, and mercury. The grout formulations stabilized these metals within the Universal Treatment Standards limits. In addition, a grout leachability index of about 10.0-12.0 was measured for both Sr-85 and Cs-137, meeting the recommended requirement of >6.0. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spence, RD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spencerd@ornl.gov RI Mattus, Catherine/E-5591-2017 OI Mattus, Catherine/0000-0002-4574-1588 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.12.004 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 779XW UT WOS:000189328400002 PM 15036694 ER PT J AU Spence, RD Mattus, AJ AF Spence, RD Mattus, AJ TI Laboratory stabilization/solidification of tank sludges: maximizing sludge loading SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stabilization; solidification; cement; slag; hydrogel; chromium; mercury; cadmium; lead AB Highly radioactive, mixed-waste sludges that have been collected in tanks at Oak Ridge over several decades are being combined for treatment and disposal. Stabilization of the sludges in the different tank sets was tested prior to the proposed combination and treatment. This paper is the third one in a series on the laboratory stabilization/solidification of these tank sludges. It discusses efforts to maximize the sludge loading with no strength criterion for the grout formulation. Grout formulations were tested in the laboratory both with surrogates and with actual samples of tank sludge. Hydrogels eliminated free water generation, even at sludge loadings of >90 wt%, albeit strong monoliths did not form at such high loadings. Correlations established the dependence of the chromium and mercury performance in the Toxicity Characteristic Leach Procedure for the surrogates on the slag content of the grout while the lead performance depended on the extract pH. The surrogate sludge loading was limited by the chromate content to about 90 wt%, meeting Universal Treatment Standard limits. However, tests with actual sludges at such high loadings revealed problems with lead and silver stabilization that were not experienced with the surrogate testing. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spence, RD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spencerd@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3 BP 215 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.12.008 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 779XW UT WOS:000189328400003 PM 15036695 ER PT J AU Cubbins, LA Vannoy, D AF Cubbins, LA Vannoy, D TI Division of household labor as a source of contention for married and cohabiting couples in metropolitan Moscow SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 94th Annual Meeting of the American-Sociological-Association CY AUG 06-11, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Sociol Assoc DE household labor; marital conflict; thoughts of divorce; Russian couples ID OF-LABOR; UNITED-STATES; FAMILY WORK; GENDER; HOUSEWORK; EMPLOYMENT; IDEOLOGY; HOME; PERCEPTIONS; HUSBANDS AB Using data on Moscow couples, this study investigates the division of household labor and its effects on marital conflict and thought of divorce. The hypotheses predict how spouses' economic resources, gender beliefs, and time constraints influence marital contention both directly and indirectly through wife's perceived division of household labor and her satisfaction with it. Husband's marital contention also is analyzed. Among the findings, the spouses' relative characteristics have some influence on the division of household labor, and the relative characteristics condition the effects of household labor on wife's perceived marital conflict and thoughts of divorce. Household labor is most important in predicting marital contention for wives, but it is only somewhat important for husbands. While demonstrating that the household division of labor should be given more attention in Russian family research, the study provides an important comparative analysis for American scholars on the role of domestic labor in couple dynamics. C1 Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evalu, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Cubbins, LA (reprint author), Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evalu, 4500 Sand Point Way NE,Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM cubbinsl@battelle.org NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0192-513X J9 J FAM ISSUES JI J. Fam. Issues PD MAR PY 2004 VL 25 IS 2 BP 182 EP 215 DI 10.1177/0192513X03256499 PG 34 WC Family Studies SC Family Studies GA 772DY UT WOS:000188826500003 ER PT J AU Greenwood, MS Bamberger, JA AF Greenwood, MS Bamberger, JA TI Self-calibrating sensor for measuring density through stainless steel pipeline wall SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IMECE 2002 Meeting CY 2002 CL New Orleans, LA SP IMECE AB An ultrasonic instrument to measure the density of a liquid or slurry through a stainless steel pipeline wall is described. By using multiple reflections of the ultrasound within the stainless steel wall, the acoustic impedance (defined as the product of the densin of the liquid and the velocity of sound in the liquid) is determined. Thus, the wall is part of the measurement system. The density is obtained by coupling the acoustic impedance measurement with a velocity of sound measurement. By basing the measurement on multiple reflections, instrument sensitivity is increased by the power of the reflection coefficient. The measurement method is self-calibrating because the measurement of the acoustic impedance is independent of changes in the pulser voltage. Data are presented over a range of pulser voltages for two wall thicknesses. These results can be applied to develop an ultrasonic sensor that (1) can be attached permanently to a pipeline wall, possibly as a spool piece inserted into the line or (2) can clamp onto an existing pipeline wall and be movable to another location. The self-calibrating feature is very important because the signal strength is sensitive to the pressure on the clamp-on sensor A sensor for immersion into a tank could also be developed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greenwood, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2004 VL 126 IS 2 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.1115/1.1677462 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 817BO UT WOS:000221153200007 ER PT J AU Evans, RP Blotter, JD Stephens, AG AF Evans, RP Blotter, JD Stephens, AG TI Flow rate measurements using flow-induced pipe vibration SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT INTERNAL FLOW; VIBROACOUSTIC RESPONSE; SHELL AB This paper investigates the possibility of developing a nonintrusive, low-cost, flow-rate Measurement technique. The technique is based on signal noise from an accelerometer attached to the surface of the pipe. The signal noise is defined as the standard deviation of the frequency-averaged time-series signal. Experimental results are presented that indicate a nearly quadratic relationship over the test region between the signal noise and flow rate in the pipe. It is also shown that the signal noise-flow rate relationship is dependent on the pipe material and diameter. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Idaho State Univ, Coll Engn, Pocatello, ID 83206 USA. RP Evans, RP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM rpe@inel.gov; jblotter@byu.edu NR 17 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 13 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2004 VL 126 IS 2 BP 280 EP 285 DI 10.1115/1.1667882 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 817BO UT WOS:000221153200021 ER PT J AU Post, D Batchelor, D Bramley, RB Cary, JR Cohen, RH Colella, P Jardin, SC AF Post, D Batchelor, D Bramley, RB Cary, JR Cohen, RH Colella, P Jardin, SC TI Report of the Fusion Simulation Project Steering Committee SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion; computer simulation; international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER); tokamak AB The Fusion Simulation Project (FSP) is envisioned as a 15 year, $20M/year multi-institutional project to develop a comprehensive simulation capability for magnetic fusion experiments with a focus on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The FSP would be able to contribute to design decisions, experimental planning and performance optimization for ITER, substantially increasing ITER's likelihood of success and its value to the US Fusion Program. The FSP would be jointly supported by the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences and the DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research. The potential for developing this simulation capability rests on the exponential growth of computer power over the last 50 years, the progress in physics understanding developed by the international fusion program and the continued progress in computational mathematics that enables the use of the new "ultra-scale" computers to solve difficult mathematical problems. The initial concept for the FSP was developed by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee Integrated Simulation and Optimization of Fusion Systems Subcommittee (J. Dahlburg and J. Corones, et al., J. Fusion Energy, 20(4), 135-196.). The DOE asked the FSP Steering Committee to develop a project vision, a governance concept and a roadmap for the FSP. The Committee recommends that the FSP consist of three elements: a production component, a research and integration component, and a software infrastructure component. The key challenge is developing components that bridge the enormous distance and time scales involved with the disparate physics elements of tokamak performance. The committee recommended that this challenge be met through "Focused Integration Initiatives" that would first seek to integrate different physics packages with disparate distance and time scales. An example is the integration of Radio Frequency (RF) Current Drive and Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) components to produce an integrated capability to simulate the use of RF current drive to suppress MHD instabilities. This report also defines the requirements for a governance structure. The FSP Steering Committee judged that the project begin with a conceptual design phase lasting one or two years and be followed by a staged ramp-up over a few years to the full funding level. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Post, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM post@lanl.gov RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; Post, Douglass/L-3773-2014 OI Post, Douglass/0000-0001-9271-0023 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD MAR PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1007/s10894-004-1868-0 PG 26 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 893PL UT WOS:000226731600001 ER PT J AU Bousso, R AF Bousso, R TI Harmonic resolution as a holographic quantum number SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE black holes in string theory; m(atrix) theories; models of quantum gravity ID GENERALIZED 2ND LAW; TO-ENERGY-RATIO; ONE-TIME DIMENSION; ENTROPY BOUNDS; ACCELERATION RADIATION; FIELD-THEORY; ONE SPACE; SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMICS; INFORMATION AB The Bekenstein bound takes the holographic principle into the realm of flat space, promising new insights on the relation of non-gravitational physics to quantum gravity. This makes it important to obtain a precise formulation of the bound. Conventionally, one specifies two macroscopic quantities, mass and spatial width, which cannot be simultaneously diagonalized. Thus, the counting of compatible states is not sharply defined. The resolution of this and other formal difficulties leads naturally to a definition in terms of discretized light-cone quantization. In this form, the area difference specified in the covariant bound converts to a single quantum number, the harmonic resolution K. The Bekenstein bound then states that the Fock space sector with K units of longitudinal momentum contains no more than exp(2pi(2)K) independent discrete states. This conjecture can be tested unambiguously for a given lagrangian, and it appears to hold true for realistic field theories, including models arising from string compactifications. For large K, it makes contact with more conventional but less well-defined formulations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bousso@lbl.gov NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 IS 3 AR 054 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 819XJ UT WOS:000221349300054 ER PT J AU Campbell, BA Maybury, DW Murakami, B AF Campbell, BA Maybury, DW Murakami, B TI See-saw induced CMSSM lepton-flavour violation post-WMAP SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutrino physics; supersymmetric standard model; cosmology of theories beyond the SM; supersymmetry phenomenology ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; DARK-MATTER; NUMBER; DECAY; LEPTOGENESIS; MECHANISM; MASSES AB The see-saw mechanism of neutrino mass generation, when incorporated in supersymmetric theories with supergravity mediated supersymmetry breaking, results in low-energy lepton-flavour violation arising from the soft supersymmetry breaking slepton masses. The parameter space of supergravity theories with conserved R-parity is severely constrained by the requirement that the LSP provide cold dark matter with a relic density in the range indicated by the recent WMAP measurements, as well as by laboratory constraints. We calculate the mu --> egamma branching ratio for the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model, over the range of parameters consistent with WMAP and laboratory constraints, in families of see-saw model parameterizations which fit the low energy neutrino measurements. We find that over much of the range of see-saw models, for supersymmetry parameters consistent with WMAP and laboratory bounds, the resulting predicted rates for mu --> egamma (and other charged lepton flavour violating processes) are within current experimental limits, but that these rates should be detectable with the next generation of lepton-flavour violation experiments. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. EM bruce@phys.ualberta.ca; dmaybury@phys.ualberta.ca; murakami@hep.anl.gov NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 IS 3 AR 052 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 819XJ UT WOS:000221349300052 ER PT J AU Chiou, DW Ganor, OJ AF Chiou, DW Ganor, OJ TI Noncommutative dipole field theories and unitarity SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field theories in lower dimensions; space-time symmetries; non-commutative geometry ID INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL ALGEBRAS AB We extend the argument of Gomis and Mehen for violation of unitarity in field theories with space-time noncommutativity to dipole field theories. In dipole field theories with a timelike dipole vector, we present 1-loop amplitudes that violate the optical theorem. A quantum mechanical system with nonlocal potential of finite extent in time also shows violation of unitarity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dwchiou@socrates.berkeley.edu; origa@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 IS 3 AR 050 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 819XJ UT WOS:000221349300050 ER PT J AU Dobrescu, BA Ponton, E AF Dobrescu, BA Ponton, E TI Chiral compactification on a square SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field theories in higher dimensions; space-time symmetries ID DARK-MATTER; BULK; DIMENSIONS; BREAKING; LEPTONS; QUARKS AB We study quantum field theory in six dimensions with two of them compactified on a square. A simple boundary condition is the identification of two pairs of adjacent sides of the square such that the values of a field at two identified points differ by an arbitrary phase. This allows a chiral fermion content for the four-dimensional theory obtained after integrating over the square. We find that nontrivial solutions for the field equations exist only when the phase is a multiple of pi/2, so that this compactification turns out to be equivalent to a T-2/Z(4) orbifold associated with toroidal boundary conditions that are either periodic or anti-periodic. The equality of the lagrangian densities at the identified points in conjunction with six-dimensional Lorentz invariance leads to an exact Z(8) x Z(2) symmetry, where the Z(2) parity ensures the stability of the lightest Kaluza-Klein particle. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bdob@fnal.gov; eponton@fnal.gov RI Ponton, Eduardo/I-4125-2013 OI Ponton, Eduardo/0000-0003-3138-1136 NR 30 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 IS 3 AR 071 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 819XJ UT WOS:000221349300071 ER PT J AU Harnik, R Larson, DT Murayama, H AF Harnik, R Larson, DT Murayama, H TI Supersymmetric color superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry and duality; -REM-related astrophysics (Neutron stars; supernovae etc.); QCD ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GAUGE-THEORIES; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; DUALITY AB Recent interest in novel phases in high density QCD motivates the study of high density supersymmetric QCD (SQCD), where powerful exact results for supersymmetric gauge theories can be brought to bear in the strongly coupled regime. We begin by describing how a chemical potential can be incorporated into a supersymmetric theory as a spurion vector superfield. We then study supersymmetric SU(N-c) gauge theories with N-f flavors of quarks in the presence of a baryon chemical potential mu, and describe the global symmetry breaking patterns at low energy. Our analysis requires mu < Lambda and is thus complementary to the variational approach that has been successful for mu >> Lambda. We find that for N-f < N-c a modified U(1)(B) symmetry is preserved, analogous to the non-supersymmetric 2SC phase, whereas for N-f = N-c there is a critical chemical potential above which the U(1)(B) is broken, as it is in the non-supersymmetric CFL phase. We further analyze the cases with N-c + 1 <= N-f < 3/2 N-c and find that baryon number is broken dynamically for mu > mu(c). We also give a qualitative description of the phases in the 'conformal window', N-3(2)c < N-f < 3N(c), at finite density. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roni@socrates.berkeley.edu; dtlarson@socrates.berkeley.edu; murayama@lbl.gov RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 IS 3 AR 049 PG 30 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 819XJ UT WOS:000221349300049 ER PT J AU Siegel, RW Coleman, JR Miller, KD Feldhaus, MJ AF Siegel, RW Coleman, JR Miller, KD Feldhaus, MJ TI High efficiency recovery and epitope-specific sorting of an scFv yeast display library SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE scFv; selections; antibodies; epitope; yeast display; library ID SURFACE DISPLAY; POLYPEPTIDE LIBRARIES; HUMAN-ANTIBODIES AB In order to more productively utilize the rich source of antigen-specific reagents present in the previously described non-immune single chain fragment variable (scFv) yeast display library (Feldhaus et al., 2003), one must be able to efficiently isolate and characterize clones within the library. To this end, we have developed and validated a magnetic bead sorting technique utilizing the Miltenyi Macs(TM) system to recover greater than 90% of the antigen-specific clones present in the library. In combination with flow cytometry, we rapidly reduced diversity and enriched for antigen-specific clones in three rounds of selection. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of pre-existing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for antigen labeling and subsequent flow cytometric sorting and characterization of epitope-specific scFv. Combining these two improvements in library screening allowed isolation and characterization of three epitope-specific scFv, including a previously uncharacterized epitope to a 6-kDa protein, epidermal growth factor. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Feldhaus, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K4-12,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Michael.feldhaus@pnl.gov OI Siegel, Robert/0000-0002-0833-5580 NR 12 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD MAR PY 2004 VL 286 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2004.01.005 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 814YL UT WOS:000221009900013 PM 15087229 ER PT J AU Asatiani, N Sapojnikova, N Abuladze, M Kartvelishvili, T Kulikova, N Kiziria, E Namchevadze, E Holman, HY AF Asatiani, N Sapojnikova, N Abuladze, M Kartvelishvili, T Kulikova, N Kiziria, E Namchevadze, E Holman, HY TI Effects of Cr(VI) long-term and low-dose action on mammalian antioxidant enzymes (an in vitro study) SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chromium(VI); ROS; antioxidant enzymes; apoptosis ID OXIDATIVE DNA; CELL-DEATH; APOPTOSIS; CHROMIUM; REDUCTION; TOXICITY; CARCINOGENESIS; GLUTATHIONE; DISMUTASE; OXYGEN AB In order to investigate the low-dose long-term Cr(VI) action on antioxidant enzymes in cultured mammalian cells we estimated the activity of glutathione dependent antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) under various chromium concentrations in human epithelial-like L-41 cells. The long-term action of 20 M causes the toxicity that results in losing of the cell viability by activating the apoptotic process, as identified by morphological analysis, the activation of caspase-3, and DNA fragmentation. The toxic chromium concentration totally destroys glutathione antioxidant system, and diminishes the activity of catalase and cytosolic Cu, ZnSOD. The non-toxic concentration (2 muM) causes the activation of the antioxidant defense systems, and they neutralize the oxidative impact. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Georgian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, GE-0177 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Georgian Acad Sci, Inst Mol Biol & Biophys, GE-380060 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Tbilisi State Univ, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sapojnikova, N (reprint author), Georgian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, 6 Tamarashvili Str, GE-0177 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. EM nelly_sapojnikova@hotmail.com RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014 OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 98 IS 3 BP 490 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2003.12.014 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 803ZP UT WOS:000220269300009 PM 14987850 ER PT J AU Seager, CH Tallant, DR Yu, J Gotz, W AF Seager, CH Tallant, DR Yu, J Gotz, W TI Luminescence in GaN co-doped with carbon and silicon SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE GaN; carbon; yellow emission; self-compensation ID YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; OPTICAL METASTABILITY; CUBIC GAN; ACCEPTOR; DEFECTS; MECHANISM; EPITAXY; FILMS; ALN AB GaN samples, containing various concentrations of carbon and doped intentionally with silicon, have been grown heteroepitaxially on sapphire using metal-organic-chemical-vapor deposition. Previous electrical and optical data, together with Density Functional calculations, have suggested that carbon is incorporated at acceptor and donor substitutional sites in this material; the relative importance of each is determined by the Fermi level position and the growth conditions. Here the luminescence behavior of these materials is examined in more detail, including spectral, temperature, and time dependences under ultraviolet light and electron beam excitation conditions. Particular attention is given to the commonly observed "yellow band" at similar to 2.2 eV, a blue luminescence at similar to 3 eV seen only in samples where carbon is the majority dopant, and ultraviolet bands near similar to 3.3 eV. Our data suggest that the latter two bands are both donor acceptor related with the final state being the negatively charged state of a carbon atom substituting for nitrogen. In samples where carbon is the majority dopant, extended luminescence excitation at low temperatures results in large changes in the brightness of the yellow and blue luminescence bands. These effects are similar to other recent observations of luminescence metastability in high resistivity GaN, and we suggest that carbon plays a crucial role in this phenomenon. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lumileds Lighting, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. RP Seager, CH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-1413,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM chseage@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2003.08.004 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 775GM UT WOS:000189032400005 ER PT J AU Cooke, DW Bennett, BL Muenchausen, RE Lee, JK Nastasi, MA AF Cooke, DW Bennett, BL Muenchausen, RE Lee, JK Nastasi, MA TI Intrinsic ultraviolet luminescence from Lu2O3, Lu2SiO5 and Lu2SiO5 : Ce3+ SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE self-trapped excitons; self-trapped holes; lutetium oxyorthosilicate ID SCINTILLATION; CRYSTALS; OXYORTHOSILICATE AB Radioluminescence and thermally stimulated luminescence measurements on Lu2O3, Lu2SiO5 (LSO) and Lu2SiO5:Ce3+ (LSO:Ce) reveal the presence of intrinsic ultraviolet luminescence bands. Characteristic emission with maximum at 256 nm occurs in each specimen and is attributed to radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons. Thermal quenching of this band obeys the Mott-Seitz relation yielding quenching energies 24, 38 and 13 meV for Lu2O3, LSO and LSO:Ce, respectively. A second intrinsic band appears at 315 nm in LSO and LSO:Ce, and at 368 nm in Lu2O3. Quenching curves for these bands show an initial increase in peak intensity followed by a decrease. Similarity in spectral peak position and quenching behavior indicate that this band has a common origin in each of the samples and is attributed to radiative recombination of self-trapped holes, in agreement with previous work on similar specimens. Comparison of glow curves and emission spectra show that the lowest temperature glow peaks in each specimen are associated with thermal decay of self-trapped excitons and self-trapped holes. Interplay between the intrinsic defects and extrinsic Ce3+ emission in LSO:Ce is strongly indicated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Mat Sci & Tech Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooke, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Mat Sci & Tech Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cooke@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 106 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2003.09.001 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 775GM UT WOS:000189032400006 ER PT J AU Holland, GP Cherry, BR Alam, TM AF Holland, GP Cherry, BR Alam, TM TI Distribution effects on H-1 double-quantum MAS NMR spectra SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE NMR H-1 DQ MAS distribution ID SOLID-STATE NMR; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; CHAIN DYNAMICS; ORDER; HEXABENZOCORONENE; PACKING; SPEED AB The effect of a distribution in the H-1-H-1 dipolar coupling on H-1 double-quantum (DQ) magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spinning sideband patterns is considered. In disordered or amorphous materials a distribution in the magnitude of the H-1-(1) H dipolar coupling is a realistic possibility. Simulations of the H-1 DQ MAS NMR spinning sideband spectra were performed with the two-spin approximation. These simulations reveal that a dipolar coupling distribution can greatly affect the DQ spectral shape and behavior of the DQ build-up. The spectral line shapes are quantified by measurement of the relative intensities of the DQ sidebands. These variations in the H-1 DQ NMR spectra are evaluated as a function of the width of the dipolar coupling distribution. As an example, the experimental DQ spinning sideband spectrum for a hydrated polyoxoniobate containing 15 H2O molecules per hexaniobate cluster, are better simulated with a distribution of dipolar couplings opposed to a single coupling constant. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 167 IS 1 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2003.12.008 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 800PL UT WOS:000220040100019 PM 14987610 ER PT J AU Novak, P Kruppa, GH Young, MM Schoeniger, J AF Novak, P Kruppa, GH Young, MM Schoeniger, J TI A top-down method for the determination of residue-specific solvent accessibility in proteins SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE top-down; Fourier transform mass spectrometry; solvent accessibility; proteins ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; ION ACCUMULATION; SURFACE-TOPOLOGY; UBIQUITIN; CATALYSIS; HISTIDINE; SPECTRA; LYSINES AB We present a method employing top-down Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) for the rapid profiling of amino acid side-chain reactivity. The reactivity of side-chain groups can be used to infer residue-specific solvent accessibility and can also be used in the same way as H/D exchange reactions to probe protein structure and interactions. We probed the reactivity of the N-terminal and epsilon-lysine amino groups of ubiquitin by reaction with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl acetate (NHSAc), which specifically acetylates primary amines. Using a hybrid Q-FTMS instrument, we observed several series of multiply acetylated ubiquitin ions that varied with the NHSAc: protein stoichiometry. We isolated and fragmented each member of the series of acetylated ubiquitin ions in the front end of the instrument and measured the fragment ion masses in the FTMS analyzer cell to determine which residue positions were modified. As we increased the NHSAc: protein stoichiometric ratio, identification of the fragments from native protein and protein with successively increasing modification allowed the assignment of the complete order of reactivity of the primary amino groups in ubiquitin (Met 1 approximate to Lys 6 approximate to Lys 48 approximate to Lys 63 > Lys 33 > Lys 11 > Lys 27, Lys 29). These results are in excellent agreement with the reactivity expected from other studies and predicted from the known crystal structure of ubiquitin. The top-down approach eliminates the need for proteolytic digestion, high-performance liquid chromatographic separations and all other chemical steps except the labeling reaction, making it rapid and amenable to automation using small quantities of protein. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kruppa, GH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gkruppa@sandia.gov RI Novak, Petr/F-9655-2014 OI Novak, Petr/0000-0001-8688-529X NR 28 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1002/jms.587 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 803OB UT WOS:000220239300010 PM 15039940 ER PT J AU Biernacki, JJ Kannan, P Meyer, H Blue, C AF Biernacki, JJ Kannan, P Meyer, H Blue, C TI Kinetics of borosilicate glass deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BORON-DIFFUSION; SILICON; SYSTEM AB The kinetics of borosilicate glass film deposition on silicon using boron nitride as a solid source was investigated. Experimental data on the thickness of deposited films as a function of temperature and process times under controlled atmospheric conditions was obtained. A 33-kW rapid thermal processing infrared furnace was used to minimize temperature and gas phase transients experienced on the commercial scale. The thickness and composition of the borosilicate glass films were measured using scanning Auger spectroscopy, and the thickness of the films as a function of time for various temperatures are presented. The results suggest a rapid transition to diffusion-controlled deposition with an activation energy of 2.77 +/- 0.5 eV. The partial pressure of water vapor was found to have a potentially significant effect on the rate of film growth. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Biernacki, JJ (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jbiernacki@tntech.edu RI Kannan, Pravin/C-2023-2013 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 872 EP 879 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.3.872 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DJ UT WOS:000222316300027 ER PT J AU Lu, ZP Liu, CT Carmichael, CA Porter, WD Deevi, SC AF Lu, ZP Liu, CT Carmichael, CA Porter, WD Deevi, SC TI Bulk glass formation in an Fe-based Fe-Y-Zr-M (M = Cr, Co, Al)-Mo-B system SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID METALLIC GLASSES; FORMING ABILITY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE; YTTRIUM AB Several new bulk metallic glasses based on Fe-Y-Zr-(Co, Cr, Al)-Mo-B, which have a glass-forming ability superior to the best composition Fe61Zr10Co7Mo5W2B15 reported recently, have been successfully developed. The as-cast bulk amorphous alloys showed a distinctly high thermal stability with glass-transition temperatures above 900 K, supercooled liquid regions above 60 K, and high strength with Vickers hardness values larger than HV 1200. The suppression of the growth of primary phases in the molten liquids and the resultant low liquidus temperatures were found to be responsible for the superior glass-forming ability in these new alloys. It was found that the addition of 2% Y not only facilitated bulk glass formation, but the neutralizing effect of Y with oxygen in the molten liquids also improved the manufacturability of these amorphous alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Lu, ZP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luzp@ornl.gov RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 921 EP 929 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.3.921 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DJ UT WOS:000222316300033 ER PT J AU Brown, EN White, SR Sottos, NR AF Brown, EN White, SR Sottos, NR TI Microcapsule induced toughening in a self-healing polymer composite SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FILLED EPOXY COMPOSITES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CRACK-PROPAGATION; PARTICLE-SIZE; FATIGUE; RUBBER; RESINS; DICYCLOPENTADIENE; BEHAVIOR; STATE AB Microencapsulated dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) healing agent and Grubbs' Ru catalyst are incorporated into an epoxy matrix to produce a polymer composite capable of self-healing. The fracture toughness and healing efficiency of this composite are measured using a tapered double-cantilever beam (TDCB) specimen. Both the virgin and healed fracture toughness depend strongly on the size and concentration of microcapsules added to the epoxy. Fracture of the neat epoxy is brittle, exhibiting a mirror fracture surface. Addition of DCPD-filled urea-formaldehyde (UF) microcapsules yields up to 127% increase in fracture toughness and induces a change in the fracture plane morphology to hackle markings. The fracture toughness of epoxy with embedded microcapsules is much greater than epoxy samples with similar concentrations of silica microspheres or solid UF polymer particles. The increased toughening associated with fluid-filled microcapsules is attributed to increased hackle markings as well as subsurface microcracking not observed for solid particle fillers. Overall the embedded microcapsules provide two independent effects: the increase in virgin fracture toughness from general toughening and the ability to self-heal the virgin fracture event. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Brown, EN (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM en_brown@lanl.gov; swhite@uiuc.edu; n-sottos@uiuc.edu OI Brown, Eric/0000-0002-6812-7820 NR 29 TC 315 Z9 336 U1 19 U2 202 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1703 EP 1710 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000016173.73733.dc PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 773UN UT WOS:000188942700025 ER PT J AU Berndt, ML Mancini, CE AF Berndt, ML Mancini, CE TI Tensile tests on plain and fibre reinforced geothermal cements SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WELL CEMENTS AB The tensile behaviour of different geothermal well cement formulations was investigated in order to determine how these materials perform under such loading and how tensile capacity can be improved. The influence of latex, perlite and fibres on the load-displacement relationship of the cements was measured on notched cylinders. The fracture surfaces were examined to further elucidate failure mechanisms. Unreinforced cements exhibited linear elastic behaviour to different degrees and failed in a brittle manner. Cements reinforced with either carbon (150 mum) or steel (1-3 mm) microfibres required greater loads for failure. However, the microfibres did not provide any major improvement in ductility. Addition of 13 mm steel fibres to the cements resulted in both strengthening and transition to ductile behaviour. Inclusion of the types of fibres studied in this work in cements offers potential benefits in maintaining the integrity of geothermal wells when tensile stresses are involved. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Berndt, ML (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM allan@bnl.gov RI Berndt, Marita/D-1901-2014 OI Berndt, Marita/0000-0002-6622-0597 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1727 EP 1733 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000016177.51755.0f PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 773UN UT WOS:000188942700029 ER PT J AU Churchwell, CJ Rintoul, MD Martin, S Visco, DP Kotu, A Larson, RS Sillerud, LO Brown, DC Faulon, JL AF Churchwell, CJ Rintoul, MD Martin, S Visco, DP Kotu, A Larson, RS Sillerud, LO Brown, DC Faulon, JL TI The signature molecular descriptor - 3. Inverse-quantitative structure-activity relationship of ICAM-1 inhibitory peptides SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article DE QSAR; inverse-QSAR; ICAM-1; LFA-1; signature descriptor ID ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP MODELS; LINEAR DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONS; EXTENDED VALENCE SEQUENCES; INFORMATION-TRANSFER; GENETIC ALGORITHM; DESIGN; QSPR; QSAR; ADHESION; PROPERTY AB We present a methodology for solving the inverse-quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) problem using the molecular descriptor called signature. This methodology is detailed in four parts. First, we create a QSAR equation that correlates the occurrence of a signature to the activity values using a stepwise multilinear regression technique. Second, we construct constraint equations, specifically the graphicality and consistency equations, which facilitate the reconstruction of the solution compounds directly from the signatures. Third, we solve the set of constraint equations, which are both linear and Diophantine in nature. Last, we reconstruct and enumerate the solution molecules and calculate their activity values from the QSAR equation. We apply this inverse-QSAR method to a small set of LFA-1/ICAM-1 peptide inhibitors to assist in the search and design of more-potent inhibitory compounds. Many novel inhibitors were predicted, a number of which are predicted to be more potent than the strongest inhibitor in the training set. Two of the more potent inhibitors were synthesized and tested in-vivo, confirming them to be the strongest inhibiting peptides to date. Some of these compounds can be recycled to train a new QSAR and develop a more focused library of lead compounds. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Biol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Faulon, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Biol, 7011 East Ave,POB 969,MS 9951, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jfaulon@sandia.gov OI Sillerud, Laurel/0000-0002-5115-4339 NR 37 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.jmgm.2003.10.002 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 806PA UT WOS:000220444600002 PM 15177078 ER PT J AU Bell, NS Rodriguez, MA AF Bell, NS Rodriguez, MA TI Dispersion properties of an alumina nanopowder using molecular, polyelectrolyte, and steric stabilization SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle; dispersion; alumina; rheology; acoustic spectrometry ID WEIGHT POLYACRYLIC-ACID; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ZIRCONIA SURFACES; CITRIC-ACID; SUSPENSIONS; ALPHA-AL2O3; SLURRIES; FORCES; NANOPARTICLES; GAMMA-AL2O3 AB A commercial alumina nanopowder was characterized and its dispersion was studied using electrostatic, electrosteric, and steric surfactants. Citric acid was used as the electrostatic dispersant, ammonium polymethacrylic acid (Darvan C) as the electrosteric dispersant, and Hypermer KD-1 in a-terpineol as a purely steric system. Phase stability in water was examined by X-ray diffraction, and the surface chemistry was characterized by zeta potential and isoelectric points. Rheology measurements were used to study the impact of each dispersant type on maximum solids loading, with the maximum loading being achieved for the polyelectrolyte dispersant. Differences in maximum solids loading are related to the excluded volume of the particle separation distance induced by each stabilizing interaction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bell, NS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 4 IS 3 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1166/jnn.2004.027 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 825JB UT WOS:000221751500014 PM 15233091 ER PT J AU Zhao, YH Lu, K Liu, T AF Zhao, YH Lu, K Liu, T TI EXAFS study of mechanical-milling-induced solid-state amorphization of Se SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DIFFERENT GRAIN SIZES; AMORPHOUS SELENIUM; SILICON; ATTRITION; CRYSTAL; ALLOYS; ZR AB Complete solid-state amorphization has been realized in elemental selenium by means of mechanical milling of crystalline Se powder. Extended X-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements (EXAFS) indicated that the amorphization process of crystalline Se was accompanied with a decrease of the nearest neighboring coordination number and the bond length, and the increase of the Debye-Waller factor. Combined with the previous study, we conclude that the mechanical milling results in the strengthening of intra-chain and weakening of inter-chain interactions of Se during amorphization. Compared to the structure of the as-quenched amorphous Se, the first nearest neighbor coordination number of the as-milled amorphous Se becomes smaller, while the Debye-Waller factor is larger, which is caused by the milling process. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Met Res Inst, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, YH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST STC,G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zhao@lanl.gov RI Zhao, Yonghao/A-8521-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 333 IS 3 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.12.055 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 771KP UT WOS:000188784600003 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS Li, N AF Zhang, JS Li, N TI A correlation for steel corrosion in non-isothermal LBE loops SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY APR 20-23, 2003 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE corrosion; mass transfer; lead bismuth; non-isothermal loop ID LEAD-BISMUTH; LIQUID LEAD; ALLOYS; MODEL; FLOW AB The mass transfer controlled corrosion of steels in non-isothermal LBE loop system was studied based on a kinetic corrosion model. Variations of Sherwood number at the highest temperature isothermal leg in DELTA loop (a non-isothermal Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) test loop set up at the Los Alamos National Laboratory) were examined to find out the dependence of the average mass transfer at the highest temperature leg on the axial conditions. The average Sherwood number at the highest temperature leg (test leg) is correlated by a dimensionless equation: Sh(av) = 0.53Re(0.6)Sc(1/3)(d/L)(1/3)(DeltaT/T-max)(1/3), where Re and Sc are Reynolds number and Schmidt number, respectively, d (m) is the tube diameter and L (m) is the loop length, DeltaT (degreesC) is the temperature difference between the highest and the lowest temperature and T-max (degreesC) is the maximal temperature. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS-B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jzhang@cnls.lanl.gov RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ATOMIC ENERGY SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-1-13 SHIMBASHI MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0022-3131 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 260 EP 264 DI 10.3327/jnst.41.260 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 819WH UT WOS:000221346300004 ER PT J AU Ross, SA Srinivas, PR Clifford, AJ Lee, SC Philbert, MA Hettich, RL AF Ross, SA Srinivas, PR Clifford, AJ Lee, SC Philbert, MA Hettich, RL TI New technologies for nutrition research SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE bioactive food components; food science; accelerator mass spectrometry; nanotechnology; proteomics ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SINGLE LIVING CELLS; OPTICAL NANOSENSORS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; PEBBLE SENSORS; BETA-CAROTENE; NANOTECHNOLOGY; DESIGN AB The Experimental Biology 2003 symposium entitled "New Technologies for Nutrition Research" was organized to highlight new and emerging technologies, including nanotechnology and proteomics, and to suggest ways for their integration into nutrition research. Speakers focused on topics that included accelerator mass spectrometry for ultra-low level radiolabel tracing, nanodevices for real-time optical intracellular sensing, mass spectrometric techniques for examining protein expression, as well as potential applications for nanotechnology in the food sciences. These technologies may be particularly useful in obtaining accurate spatial information and low-level detection of essential and nonessential bioactive food components (nutrients) and their metabolites, and in enhancing the understanding of the impact of nutrient/metabolite and biomolecular interactions. Highlights from this symposium are presented briefly herein. C1 NCI, Nutrit Sci Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NHLBI, Vasc Biol Res Program, Div Heart & Vasc Dis, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Engn, Ctr Biomed Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ross, SA (reprint author), NCI, Nutrit Sci Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rosssha@mail.nih.gov RI Lee, Stephen/C-2394-2011; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 46 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 134 IS 3 BP 681 EP 685 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 801EV UT WOS:000220080100033 PM 14988467 ER PT J AU Boyd, RW Sipe, JE Milonni, PW AF Boyd, RW Sipe, JE Milonni, PW TI Chirality and polarization effects in nonlinear optics SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Commission-for-Optics Topical Meeting on Polarization Optics CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2003 CL Polvijarvi, FINLAND SP Int Commiss Opt DE polarization; nonlinear optics; molecular optics; chirality ID LIQUIDS AB Polarization effects play an even more important role in nonlinear optics than in linear optics because of the richer set of phenomena describable by higher-order tensor relations. The present contribution surveys some recent research on polarization aspects of nonlinear optical interactions, paying special attention to nonlinear optical interactions in chiral isotropic optical materials. We especially address the question of the existence of a linear electro-optic effect in chiral isotropic materials and analyse some of the conflicting statements that have recently been made in the scientific literature. C1 Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, TTOC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boyd, RW (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 6 IS 3 SU S BP S14 EP S17 AR PII S1464-4258(04)67733-6 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/6/3/002 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 808HD UT WOS:000220559300003 ER PT J AU Rogers, JD AF Rogers, JD TI Production operations SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Strateg Ctr Nat Gas, NETL, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Rogers, JD (reprint author), US DOE, Strateg Ctr Nat Gas, NETL, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 0149-2136 J9 J PETROL TECHNOL JI J. Pet. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 800LT UT WOS:000220030500012 ER PT J AU Jiang, J Li, TJ Liao, W AF Jiang, J Li, TJ Liao, W TI Low energy six-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric SU(6) models on T-2 orbifolds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUGE STRUCTURES; EXTRA DIMENSION; STANDARD MODEL; STRING MODELS; GUT BREAKING; UNIFICATION; SYMMETRY; BOSONS; WEAK; TEV AB We propose low energy six-dimensional N = 2 supersymmetric SU(6) models on M-4 x T-2/ (Z(2))(3) and M-4 x T-2/(Z(2))(4), where the orbifold SU(3)(C) x SU(3) model can be embedded on the boundary 4-brane. For the zero modes, the six-dimensional N = 2 supersymmetry and the SU(6) gauge symmetry are broken down to the four-dimensional N = I supersymmetry and the SU(3)(C) x SU(2)(L) x U(1)(Y) x U(1)' gauge symmetry by orbifold projections. In order to cancel the anomalies involving at least one U(1)', we add extra exotic particles. We also study the anomaly free conditions and present some anomaly free models. The gauge coupling unification can be achieved at 100-200 TeV if the compactification scale for the fifth dimension is 3-4 TeV. The proton decay problem can be avoided by putting the quarks and leptons/neutrinos on different 3-branes. And we discuss how to break the SU(3)(C) x SU(2)(L) x U(1)(Y) x U(1)' gauge symmetry, solve the mu problem, and generate the Z - Z' mass hierarchy naturally by using the geometry. The masses of exotic particles can be at the order of I TeV after the gauge symmetry breaking. We also forbid the dimension-five operators for the neutrino masses by U(1)' gauge symmetry, and the realistic left-handed neutrino masses can be obtained via non-renormalizable terms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP Jiang, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Liao, Wei/A-1126-2012 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 245 EP 268 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/3/002 PG 24 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 802GR UT WOS:000220152500004 ER PT J AU Choueiri, EY AF Choueiri, EY TI A critical history of electric propulsion: The first 50 years (1906-1956) SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES C1 Princeton Univ, Elect Propuls & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Choueiri, EY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Elect Propuls & Plasma Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 54 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.2514/1.9245 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 805MB UT WOS:000220369300001 ER PT J AU Wiench, JW Balema, VP Pecharsky, VK Pruski, M AF Wiench, JW Balema, VP Pecharsky, VK Pruski, M TI Solid-state Al-27 NMR investigation of thermal decomposition of LiAlH4 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen storage; lithium tetrahydroaluminate; trilithium hexahydroaluminate; thermal decomposition of LiAlH4; in situ NMR Al-27; MAS NMR Al-27 MQMAS NMR ID COMPLEX METAL-HYDRIDES; MQMAS NMR; X-RAY; MAS; TRANSFORMATIONS; DIFFRACTION; SPECTRA AB Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance is used to study the thermal decomposition of lithium tetrahydroaluminate into metallic aluminum, hydrogen and trilithium hexahydroaluminate. Aluminum sites in LiAlH4 and Li3AlH6 were characterized using static, magic angle spinning (MAS) and multiple-quantum MAS NMR. By applying the in situ NMR method, it has been demonstrated that melting is not a prerequisite for the decomposition of LiAlH4. Based on the observed data, a decomposition path has been established that is consistent with the concentrations of observed Al species at various stages of the thermally induced reaction. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pruski, M (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, 230 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mpruski@iastate.edu NR 23 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 177 IS 3 BP 648 EP 653 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2003.08.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 807PI UT WOS:000220513000003 ER PT J AU Sykora, RE Bean, AC Scott, BL Runde, W Albrecht-Schmitt, TE AF Sykora, RE Bean, AC Scott, BL Runde, W Albrecht-Schmitt, TE TI New one-dimensional uranyl and neptunyl iodates: crystal structures of K-3[(UO2)(2)(IO3)(6)](IO3)center dot H2O and K[NpO2(IO3)(3)]center dot 1.5H(2)O SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal synthesis; uranyl iodate; neptamyl iodal actinides ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; HYDROTHERMAL PREPARATION; URANIUM; CHEMISTRY; CHAINS; U(VI); RB AB The uranyl and neptunyl(VI) iodates, K-3[(UO2)(2)(IO3)(6)](IO3) . H2O (1) and K[NpO2(IO3)(3)] . 1.5H(2)O (2), have been prepared and crystallized under mild hydrothermal conditions. The Structures of I and 2 both contain one-dimensional (1)(x) [AnO(2)(IO3)(3)](1-)(An = U, Np) ribbons that consist of approximately linear actinyl(VI) cations bound by iodate anions to yield AnO(7) pentagonal bipyramids. The AnO(7) units are linked by bridging iodate anions to yield chains that are in turn Coupled by additional iodate anions to yield ribbons. The edges of the ribbons are terminated by monodentate iodate anions. For 1 and 2. K+ cations and water molecules separate the ribbons from one another. In addition, isolated iodate anions are also found between (1)(x) [UO2(IO3)(3)](1-) ribbons in 1. In order to aid in the assignment of oxidation states in neptunyl containing compounds, a bond-valence sum paraineter of 2.018 Angstrom for Np(VI) bound exclusively to oxygen has been developed with b = 0.37Angstrom. Crystallographic data (193K, MoKalpha, lambda = 0.71073): 1, triclinic, P (1) over bar, a = 7.0609(4) Angstrom, b = 14.5686(8) Angstrom, c = 14.7047(8) Angstrom, 119.547(1)degrees, beta = 95.256(1)degrees, gamma = 93.206(1)degrees, Z=2, R(F) = 2.49% for 353 pparameters with 6414 reflections with I>2alpha(I); (203K, MoKalpha, lambda = 0.71073): 2, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 7.796(4) Angstrom, b = 7.151(3) Angstrom, c = 21.79(1) Angstrom, beta = 97.399(7)degrees, Z=4, R(F)=6.33% for 183 parameters with 2451 reflections with I > 2alpha(I). (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Leach Nucl Sci Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Albrecht-Schmitt, TE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, 179 Chem Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM albreth@auburn.edu RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 177 IS 3 BP 725 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2003.08.027 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 807PI UT WOS:000220513000015 ER PT J AU Haas, O Struis, RPWJ McBreen, JM AF Haas, O Struis, RPWJ McBreen, JM TI Synchrotron X-ray absorption of LaCoO3 perovskite SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LaCoO3; electronic structure; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; FEFF8 simulation ID SPIN-STATE TRANSITION; SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL TRANSITION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CATHODE MATERIALS; FINE-STRUCTURE; COBALT OXIDES; FUEL-CELLS; CORE-HOLE; TEMPERATURE; LA0.6CA0.4COO3 AB LaCoO3 perovskite was prepared at 700degreesC using citrate precursors. The product was then characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The powder XRD pattern indicates rhomboliedral (R (3) over barc) or its monoclinic I2/a subgroup symmetry. The electronic configuration and the short-range atomic structure of the LaCoO3 perovskite at room temperature were investigated using synchrotron near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS). From the XANES region of the XAS we conclude that Co(III) is at least partly in its intermediate- or high-spin state, which is in accordance with most of the published literature on LaCoO3 perovskite. The EXAFS region of the LaCoO3 perovskite spectrum, which up to now was almost not investigated, was simulated satisfactorily for the first two radial structure peaks in terms of the dominant scattering contributions generated with the FEFF8 code and the structural information available from crystallographic data. The best simulation results were obtained with I2/a symmetry. The obtained amplitude reduction factor, zero-energy shift and Debye-Waller factors are useful reference values for data analyses of similar compounds like partly substituted LaCoO3 perovskite, such as La1-xCaxCoO3 or La1-xSrxCoO3, which are materials of technical interest in catalyst and other applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Haas, O (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM otto.haas@psi.ch RI Struis, Rudolf/F-2594-2010 NR 53 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 46 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 177 IS 3 BP 1000 EP 1010 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2003.10.004 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 807PI UT WOS:000220513000053 ER PT J AU Ablett, JM Berman, LE Kao, CC Rakowsky, G Lynch, D AF Ablett, JM Berman, LE Kao, CC Rakowsky, G Lynch, D TI Small-gap insertion-device development at the National Synchrotron Light Source - performance of the new X13 mini-gap undulator SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE undulators; small gap; mini-gap; short period; in-vacuum; brightness ID IN-VACUUM UNDULATOR; NSLS AB The National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) 2.8 GeV electron storage ring continues to set high standards in insertion-device research and development. The Chasman - Green NSLS lattice design provides for dispersion-free long straight sections in addition to a very small vertical beta function. As the electron beam size is proportional to the square root of this function, a program to exploit this feature was undertaken more than a decade ago by implementing short-period small-gap insertion devices in the NSLS storage ring. The possibility of utilizing existing moderate-energy synchrotron radiation electron storage rings to produce high-brightness photon beams into the harder X-ray region have been realised using in-vacuum undulators. In this article the operation of a 1.25 cm-period mini-gap undulator, operating down to a gap of 3.3 mm within the NSLS X13 straight section, is reported. It is the brightest source of hard X-rays in the energy range similar to 3.7 - 16 keV at the NSLS, and replaces an in-vacuum undulator which had a more limited tunability. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ablett, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jablett@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 11 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1107/S0909049503022921 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 773JE UT WOS:000188895800001 PM 14960776 ER PT J AU Chumakov, A Ruffer, R Leupold, O Celse, JP Martel, K Rossat, M Lee, WK AF Chumakov, A Ruffer, R Leupold, O Celse, JP Martel, K Rossat, M Lee, WK TI Performance of a cryogenic silicon monochromator under extreme heat load SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray optics; cryogenic cooling; high-heat-load optics; silicon monochromators ID X-RAY MONOCHROMATORS; COOLED MONOCHROMATORS; CRYSTAL; SPRING-8; BEAMLINE; OPTICS; LIMITS; APS AB The performance of an indirectly cooled cryogenic silicon monochromator under heat loads up to 870 W has been studied. The investigation was performed over numerous parameters and included measurements of total flux, spectral density, rocking curves, angular beam profiles and crystal slope errors. An almost ideal monochromator performance was observed in the 270 - 570 W range of the heating power. At a heat load of similar to 400 W and under standard operation conditions, the crystal distortions did not exceed 1 murad. At the highest available heat load of 870 W, the crystal distortions were about 7 murad. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Chumakov, A (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM chumakov@esrf.fr NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 11 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1107/S0909049503026785 PN 2 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 773JE UT WOS:000188895800002 PM 14960777 ER PT J AU Shastri, SD AF Shastri, SD TI Combining flat crystals, bent crystals and compound refractive lenses for high-energy X-ray optics SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE high-energy X-rays; X-ray optics; refractive lenses; high-resolution X-ray monochromators ID ASYMMETRIC LAUE CRYSTALS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SCATTERING; MONOCHROMATORS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIFFRACTION; COLLIMATOR; DENSITY; ARC AB Compound refractive lenses (CRLs) are effective for collimating or focusing high-energy X-ray beams ( 50 - 100 keV) and can be used in conjunction with crystal optics in a variety of configurations, as demonstrated at the 1-ID undulator beamline of the Advanced Photon Source. As a primary example, this article describes the quadrupling of the output flux when a collimating CRL, composed of cylindrical holes in aluminium, is inserted between two successive monochromators, i.e. a modest-energy-resolution premonochromator followed by a high-resolution monochromator. The premonochromator is a cryogenically cooled divergence-preserving bent double-Laue Si(111) crystal device delivering an energy width DeltaE/E similar or equal to 10(-3), which is sufficient for most experiments. The high-resolution monochromator is a four-reflection flat Si( 111) crystal system resembling two channel-cuts in a dispersive arrangement, reducing the bandwidth to less than 10(-4), as required for some applications. Tests with 67 and 81 keV photon energies show that the high-resolution monochromator, having a narrow angular acceptance of a few microradians, exhibits a fourfold throughput enhancement due to the insertion of a CRL that reduces the premonochromatized beam's vertical divergence from 29 murad to a few microradians. The ability to focus high-energy X-rays with CRLs having long focal lengths ( tens of meters) is also shown by creating a line focus of 70 - 90 mum beam height in the beamline end-station with both the modest-energy-resolution and the high-energy-resolution monochromatic X-rays. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shastri, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shastri@aps.anl.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 11 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1107/S0909049503023586 PN 2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 773JE UT WOS:000188895800004 PM 14960779 ER PT J AU Degueldre, C Reed, D Kropf, AJ Mertz, C AF Degueldre, C Reed, D Kropf, AJ Mertz, C TI XAFS study of americium sorbed onto groundwater colloids SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE XAFS; americium; sorption; colloids; marl; groundwater ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SORPTION; MONTMORILLONITE; SPECTROSCOPY; PLUTONIUM; BEHAVIOR; CM(III); WATER; AM AB The sorption of americium, as Am(III), onto groundwater colloids obtained from a marl aquifer was studied in 2 x 10(-2) M sodium bicarbonate groundwater and 2 x 10(-2) M sodium chloride bicarbonate-free solutions. At the in situ groundwater pH of 8.6, the americium was strongly sorbed onto the colloids. XAFS analyses were performed on these sorbed Am species to establish the oxidation state and its near-neighbour bonding. These XAFS data, obtained at 400 mg l(-1) colloid concentrations and total Am concentration of 1.53 x 10(-5) M (dissolved and onto colloids), indicated that Am remains trivalent, and that surface complexes are formed with the colloids without surface precipitation. This conclusion is based on the absence of Am - Am interactions in the second or third shells. The surface complexes generated by the Am( III) sorbed onto active sites are described on the basis of the XAFS data. They include the presence of about seven water molecules around the ternary surface complexes of this trivalent actinide. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, Nucl Energy & Safety Div, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Degueldre, C (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Nucl Energy & Safety Div, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM claude.degueldre@psi.ch RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 11 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1107/S0909049503024683 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 773JE UT WOS:000188895800011 PM 14960786 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Liu, RF Irving, T Auld, DS AF Zhang, K Liu, RF Irving, T Auld, DS TI A versatile rapid-mixing and flow device for X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE stop-flow/mixing device; time-resolved spectroscopy ID CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-A; HYDROLYSIS; MECHANISM AB A low-temperature rapid-mixing and flow system has been designed and implemented to monitor catalysis involving metal ions by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the ID-18 beamline of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. The system will allow examination of biological metallo-intermediates at dilute metal ion concentrations by the detection of X-ray fluorescence. The instrument can be cooled to sub-zero temperatures, thus lengthening the life time of a reaction intermediate. A portable UV - visible spectrometer is integrated with the flow system to monitor the sample optically. The system can also be used as a continuous-flow device to minimize radiation-induced sample damage by reducing sample exposure to the X-ray beam. The integration of the stop-flow instrument with the synchrotron beamline and X- ray fluorescence detector systems makes it unique for time-resolved X- ray absorption studies of dilute biological reactions. The results of the initial testing of the system are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, APS, BioCAT,Dept BCPS, IIT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, APS, BioCAT,Dept BCPS, IIT, 435B, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zhang@bio.aps.anl.gov RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR08630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47534] NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 11 BP 204 EP 208 DI 10.1107/S0909049503028474 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 773JE UT WOS:000188895800012 PM 14960787 ER PT J AU Walsh, T Demokwicz, L Charles, R AF Walsh, T Demokwicz, L Charles, R TI Boundary element modeling of the external human auditory system SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING PROBLEMS; SOUND-PRESSURE LEVEL; HUMAN EAR; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; MIDDLE-EAR; TRANSFORMATION AB In this paper the response of the external auditory system to acoustical waves of varying frequencies and angles of incidence is computed using a boundary element method. The resonance patterns of both the ear canal and the concha are computed and compared with experimental data. Specialized numerical algorithms are developed that allow for the efficient computation of the eardrum pressures. In contrast to previous results in the literature that consider only the "blocked meatus" configuration, in this work the simulations are conducted on a boundary element mesh that includes both the external head/ear geometry, as well as the ear canal and eardrum. The simulation technology developed in this work is intended to demonstrate the utility of numerical analysis in studying physical phenomena related to the external auditory system. Later work could extend this towards simulating in situ hearing aids, and possibly using the simulations as a tool for optimizing hearing aid technologies for particular individuals. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Texas Inst Computat & Appl Math, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sulzer Carbomed, Austin, TX 78752 USA. RP Demokwicz, L (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0835, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 115 IS 3 BP 1033 EP 1043 DI 10.1121/1.1643360 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 801DF UT WOS:000220075900011 PM 15058325 ER PT J AU Schneider, JS Moore, D Mendelsohn, M AF Schneider, JS Moore, D Mendelsohn, M TI Reduction in melanoma mortality by a screening program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Dermatology CY FEB 06-11, 2004 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Acad Dermatol C1 Kaiser Permanente, San Rafael, CA USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 50 IS 3 SU S MA P23 BP P6 EP P6 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.10.029 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 802CC UT WOS:000220140600024 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Chan, HM Harmer, MP AF Wang, CM Chan, HM Harmer, MP TI Effect of Nd2O3 doping on the densification and abnormal grain growth behavior of high-purity alumina SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-ALUMINA; DOPED ALUMINA; BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; CREEP; YTTRIUM; MICROSTRUCTURE; LANTHANUM; TENSILE; OXIDE; AL2O3 AB The densification behavior and microstructural development of high-purity Al2O3 doped with different levels of Nd2O3 were investigated. Dopant levels ranged from 100-1000 ppm (Nd/Al atomic ratio). The densification behavior of the doped powders was studied using constant heating rate dilatometry. It was found that neodymium additions inhibited densification, with a corresponding increase in the apparent activation energy. The level of grain-boundary segregation was studied using high-resolution analytical electron microscopy. At dilute concentrations, the degree of neodymium grain-boundary excess was found to be consistent with a simple geometrical model relating this quantity to the overall dopant concentration and average grain size. For certain combinations of dopant level and heat treatment, supersaturation of the grain boundaries was observed, which was found to correlate with the onset of abnormal grain growth. Possible explanations for this behavior are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 378 EP 383 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 807PG UT WOS:000220512800010 ER PT J AU Raghavan, S Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB Porter, WD Vassen, R Stover, D Mayo, MJ AF Raghavan, S Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB Porter, WD Vassen, R Stover, D Mayo, MJ TI Ta2O5/Nb2O5 and Y2O3 co-doped zirconias for thermal barrier coatings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TEMPERATURE PHASE-STABILITY; TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA; HOT CORROSION; YTTRIA; STABILIZATION; DOPANTS; CONDUCTIVITY; TRIVALENT; TA2O5 AB Zirconia doped with 3.2-4.2 mol% (6-8 wt%) yttria (3-4YSZ) is currently the material of choice for thermal barrier coating topcoats. The present study examines the ZrO2-Y2O3- Ta2O5/Nb2O5 systems for potential alternative chemistries that would overcome the limitations of the 3-4YSZ. A rationale for choosing specific compositions based on the effect of defect chemistry on the thermal conductivity and phase stability in zirconia-based systems is presented. The results show that it is possible to produce stable (for up to 200 h at 1000degrees-1500degreesC), single (tetragonal) or dual (tetragonal + cubic) phase chemistries that have thermal conductivity that is as low (1.8-2.8W/m K) as the 3-4YSZ, a wide range of elastic moduli (150-232 GPa), and a similar mean coefficient of thermal expansion at 1000degreesC. The chemistries can be plasma sprayed without change in composition or deleterious effects to phase stability. Preliminary burner rig testing results on one of the compositions are also presented. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Mat & Proc Energy Syst, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Raghavan, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 87 IS 3 BP 431 EP 437 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 807PG UT WOS:000220512800019 ER PT J AU Shvartsburg, AA Jones, RC AF Shvartsburg, AA Jones, RC TI Attachment of metal trications to peptides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ARGENTINATED PEPTIDES; COMPLEXES; IONS; COORDINATION; DISSOCIATION; ACETONITRILE; CHEMISTRY AB Gas-phase complexes of triply charged metal ions with peptides may be readily produced using electrospray ionization, including for small peptides such as bradykinin and peptides with no basic residues such as insulin chain A. Attachment without charge-reduction is demonstrated for all trications studied: La3+, Al3+, Ga3+, Fe3+, V3+, and Cr3+. The intensities of adducts are often comparable to, or even exceed, those of protonated analogs in any charge state. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Chem, Jefferson, AR USA. RP Shvartsburg, AA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K8-98,3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alexandre.shvartsburg@pnl.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3 BP 406 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2003.11.005 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 800JB UT WOS:000220023500014 PM 14998543 ER PT J AU McFarlane, SA Evans, KF AF McFarlane, SA Evans, KF TI Clouds and shortwave fluxes at Nauru. Part I: Retrieved cloud properties SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; DOPPLER RADAR; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; MILLIMETER RADAR; STRATUS CLOUD; DIURNAL CYCLE; ICE-CLOUD AB The datasets currently being collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's sites on the islands of Nauru and Manus represent the longest time series of ground-based cloud measurements available in the tropical western Pacific region. In this and a companion paper, a shortwave flux closure study is presented using observations collected at the Nauru site between June 1999 and May 2000. This paper presents frequency of occurrence of nonprecipitating liquid and ice clouds detected by the millimeter wavelength cloud radar (MMCR) and statistics of retrieved microphysical properties. The companion paper presents results from a closure study in which the retrieved cloud properties are input to a radiative transfer model, and the modeled surface fluxes are compared to observations. The liquid cloud properties are retrieved from MMCR and microwave radiometer (MWR) measurements using a Bayesian retrieval technique. Properties of ice phase clouds are retrieved from MMCR measurements using regression equations based on in situ observations taken during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX). Nonprecipitating liquid clouds were observed at Nauru in 35% of the radar observations. These clouds were primarily shallow cumulus with bases less than I kin. Of the retrieved liquid clouds, 90% had liquid water path less than 100 g m(-2). The average retrieved effective radius was 7.5 mum. The frequency of liquid cloud detection and height of the liquid cloud base showed a clear diurnal cycle, which is most likely related to the island effect and the existence of the Nauru cloud plume. Ice clouds with no underlying liquid clouds were detected in 16.5% of the radar observations and ice clouds above liquid clouds in 7.7% of the observations. The mean retrieved IWP of the radar-detected ice clouds was 22.1 g m(-2), and the mean effective diameter retrieved was 72 mum. Large monthly variability was seen in both the amount of cirrus detected and the retrieved ice water path. Ice clouds were observed by the radar more frequently at night than during the day at Nauru, but there was no clear diurnal trend in the retrieved microphysical properties. C1 Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McFarlane, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K9-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Sally.McFarlane@pnl.gov RI McFarlane, Sally/C-3944-2008 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 733 EP 744 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<0733:CASFAN>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 805YN UT WOS:000220401700007 ER PT J AU Chung, KY Yoon, WS Kim, KB Yang, XQ Oh, SM AF Chung, KY Yoon, WS Kim, KB Yang, XQ Oh, SM TI Suppression of structural fatigue by doping in spinel electrode probed by in situ bending beam method SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY DEPOSITION; THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; DELITHIATED LI-1-XNIO2; ION BATTERIES; LIMN2O4; CATHODE; CAPACITY; OXIDES AB The onset of a Jahn-Teller effect at the surface of LiMn2O4 particles during cycling in the 4 V range was previously reported to be one of the causes for the capacity fading. Furthermore, it has been reported that the Jahn-Teller effect in the 4 V range may be suppressed by the substitution of the Mn ions by either Li or other transition metal ions. However, no direct evidence has yet been reported. This study provides evidence for the onset of a Jahn-Teller effect in thin film 4 V LiMn2O4 and its suppression caused by substituting the Mn ions with Co3+ and Ni2+ ions using in situ bending beam method (BBM). The deflectograms are measured simultaneously with galvanostatic charge/discharge or cyclic voltammograms, and the onset of the Jahn-Teller effect is investigated by means of the differential strain peak which is observed at around 3.90-3.95 V during cyclic voltammetry, and the slope variation observed in the strain curves during galvanostatic charge/discharge. The suppression of the Jahn-Teller effect in the doped spinel leads to the magnitude of the differential strain peak resulting from the Jahn-Teller effect being reduced in comparison with the other two pairs of peaks, which correspond to the current peaks of the cyclic voltammogram. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Met Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Yonsei Ctr Nano Technol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Res Ctr Energy Convers & Storage, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RP Chung, KY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Met Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM kbkim@yonsei.ac.kr RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011 OI Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 151 IS 3 BP A484 EP A492 DI 10.1149/1.1646146 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 773VA UT WOS:000188943800021 ER PT J AU Sasaki, K Isaacs, HS AF Sasaki, K Isaacs, HS TI Origins of electrochemical noise during pitting corrosion of aluminum SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; LOCALIZED CORROSION; TRANSITION; ELECTRODES; GROWTH; METALS; ALLOYS AB The pitting corrosion of aluminum was investigated by measuring electrochemical noise using interconnected electrodes, together with an artificial-pit technique and a corrosion-visualizing method employing an agar gel containing a pH indicator. The electrochemical noise in chloride solution at open circuit shows distinct transitions at which vigorous and meandering fluctuations in current and potential commence. We demonstrated that the transients occur when the pits continue to remain active, and also when more than one pit is present. The noise, lasting up to thousands of seconds, is not due to the superposition of multiple metastable pitting events but reflects electrochemical processes occurring within active pits. The electrochemical transient during propagation of a single pit can be modeled in terms of cathodic oxygen reduction and discharging of capacitance at the passive surface. When more than one active pit is present, the pits interfere with each other because the impedance of the active pits is lower than that of the passive film, and the pits can generate cathodic currents. The complex, slow meandering patterns observed in the electrochemical noise are due to electrochemical communication between the pits. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Ohio State Univ, Fontana Corros Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sasaki, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Fontana Corros Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM isaacs@bnl.gov NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 151 IS 3 BP B124 EP B133 DI 10.1149/1.1641040 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 773VA UT WOS:000188943800024 ER PT J AU Chertkov, M Gabitov, I Kolokolov, I Schafer, T AF Chertkov, M Gabitov, I Kolokolov, I Schafer, T TI Periodic compensation of polarization mode dispersion SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RANDOMLY VARYING BIREFRINGENCE; OPTICAL-FIBERS; PRINCIPAL STATES; STATISTICAL TREATMENT; PULSE CONFINEMENT; DEPENDENT LOSSES; SOLITONS; EQUATION; CABLE; TIME AB Polarization mode dispersion is the effect of signal broadening in a fiber with birefringent disorder. The disorder, frozen into the fiber, is characterized by the so-called vector of birefringence (VB). In a linear medium a pulse broadens as the two principal states of polarization split. It is well-known that, under the action of short-correlated disorder, naturally present in fibers, the dispersion vector (DV), characterizing the split, performs a Brownian random walk. We discuss a strategy of passive (i.e., pulse-independent) control of the DV broadening. The suggestion is to pin (compensate) periodically or quasi-periodically the integral of VB to zero. As a result of the influence of pinning, the probability distribution function of the DV becomes statistically steady in the linear case. Moreover, pinning improves confinement of the pulse in the weakly nonlinear case. The theoretical findings are confirmed by numerical analysis. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; OI Kolokolov, Igor/0000-0002-7961-8588 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 3 BP 486 EP 498 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.000486 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 800WB UT WOS:000220057300003 ER PT J AU Konno, H Lomdahl, PS AF Konno, H Lomdahl, PS TI Stochastic processes having fractional order nonlinearity associated with hyper gamma distribution SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE nonlinear stochastic process; fractional order nonlinearity; hyper Gamma distribution; nonlinear mathematical structure; information geometrical relations; fluctuation-dissipation theorem ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATION; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; EXTERNAL NOISE; ENERGY-LEVELS; MODEL; CHAOS; DYNAMICS AB Stochastic processes with fractional order nonlinearity that give rise to the hyper Gamma distribution are demonstrated. Nonlinear mathematical structures necessary for the appearance of the hyper Gamma distribution are also exhibited for one, two, three-dimensional systems. Information geometrical relations for their associated nonlinear Langevin equations are displayed, and their physical significance is discussed in conjunction with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for the Langevin equations. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Engn Mech & Syst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Konno, H (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Engn Mech & Syst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. EM hkonno@sakura.cc.tsukuba.ac.jp NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 73 IS 3 BP 573 EP 579 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.73.573 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 804SX UT WOS:000220319500018 ER PT J AU Konno, H Lomdahl, PS AF Konno, H Lomdahl, PS TI On reentrant phenomena in noise induced transitions SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE noise induced transition; reentrant phenomena; Smoluchowsky approximation; clear physical mechanism C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Engn Mech & Syst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. RP Konno, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hkonno@sakura.cc.tsukuba.ac.jp NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 73 IS 3 BP 758 EP 759 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.73.758 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 804SX UT WOS:000220319500046 ER PT J AU Eldridge, JI Bencic, TJ Allison, SW Beshears, DL AF Eldridge, JI Bencic, TJ Allison, SW Beshears, DL TI Depth-penetrating temperature measurements of thermal barrier coatings incorporating thermographic phosphors SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE temperature measurement; thermal barrier coatings; thermographic phosphors ID THERMOMETRY; LIFETIME; Y2O3-EU; ENGINES AB Thermographic phosphors have been previously demonstrated to provide effective non-contact, emissivity-independent surface temperature measurements. Due to the translucent nature of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), thermographic-phosphor-based temperature measurements can be extended beyond the surface to provide depth-selective temperature measurements by incorporating the thermographic phosphor layer at the depth where the temperature measurement is desired. In this paper, thermographic phosphor (Y2O3:Eu) fluorescence decay time measurements are demonstrated to provide through-the-coating-thickness temperature readings up to 1100 degreesC with the phosphor layer residing beneath a 100-mum-thick TBC (plasma-sprayed 8 wt.% yttria-stabilized zirconia). With an appropriately chosen excitation wavelength and detection configuration, it is shown that sufficient phosphor emission is generated to provide effective temperature measurements, despite the attenuation of both the excitation and emission intensities by the overlying TBC. This depth-penetrating temperature measurement capability should prove particularly useful for TBC diagnostics where a large thermal gradient is typically present across the TBC thickness. The fluorescence decay from the Y2O3:Eu layer exhibited both an initial short-term exponential rise and a longer-term exponential decay. The rise time constant was demonstrated to provide better temperature indication below 500 degreesC while the decay time constant was a better indicator at higher temperatures. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Eldridge, JI (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Jeffrey.I.Eldridge@nasa.gov OI Allison, Stephen/0000-0002-5887-5403 NR 10 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1361/10599630418095 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 803IY UT WOS:000220226000004 ER PT J AU Klebanoff, LE Malinowski, ME Clift, WM Steinhaus, C Grunow, P AF Klebanoff, LE Malinowski, ME Clift, WM Steinhaus, C Grunow, P TI Use of gas-phase ethanol to mitigate extreme UV/water oxidation of extreme UV optics SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID ENGINEERING TEST STAND; RADIATION AB A technique is described that uses a gas-phase species to mitigate the oxidation of a Mo/Si multilayer optic caused by either extreme UV (EUV) or electron-induced dissociation of adsorbed water vapor. It is found that introduction of ethanol (EtOH) into a water-rich gas-phase environment inhibits oxidation of the outermost Si layer of the Mo/Si EUV reflective coating. Auger electron spectroscopy, sputter Auger depth profiling, EUV reflectivity, and photocurrent measurements are presented that reveal the EUV/water- and electron/water-derived optic oxidation can be suppressed at the water partial pressures used in the tests (similar to2 x 10(-7) -2 x 10(-5) Tort). The ethanol appears to function differently in two time regimes. At early times, ethanol decomposes on the optic surface, providing reactive carbon atoms that scavenge reactive oxygen atoms before they can oxidize the outermost Si layer. At later times, the reactive carbon atoms form a thin (similar to5 Angstrom), possibly self-limited, graphitic layer that inhibits water adsorption on the optic surface. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Klebanoff, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9409, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lekleba@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1116/1.1649344 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 802VA UT WOS:000220189800032 ER PT J AU Mammana, VP Monteiro, OR Fonseca, LRC AF Mammana, VP Monteiro, OR Fonseca, LRC TI Approach curve method for large anode-cathode distances SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; FIELD-EMISSION; ELECTRON-EMISSION; MICROSCOPY; STABILITY; FILMS AB An important technique used to characterize field emission is the measurement of the emitted current against electric field (I X E). In this work we discuss a procedure for obtaining I X E data based on multiple approach curves. We show that the simulated features obtained for an idealized uniform surface matches available experimental data for small anode-cathode distances, while for large distances the simulation predicts a departure from the linear regime. We also discuss the shape of the approach curves for large anode-cathode distances for a cathode made of carbon nanotubes. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Int Technol Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Motorola Digital DNA Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Mammana, VP (reprint author), Int Technol Ctr, 8100-120 Brownleigh Dr, Raleigh, NC 27617 USA. EM vmammana@itc-inc.org NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 715 EP 720 DI 10.1116/1.1651547 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 816ED UT WOS:000221092300047 ER PT J AU Talin, AA Cardinale, GF Wallow, TI Dentinger, P Pathak, S Chinn, D Folk, DR AF Talin, AA Cardinale, GF Wallow, TI Dentinger, P Pathak, S Chinn, D Folk, DR TI Extreme ultraviolet lithography based nanofabrication using a bilevel photoresist SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Conference on Electron, Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FL ID FABRICATION; EXPOSURE AB describe the use and characterization of a bilevel photoresist for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The bilevel photoresist consists of a combination of a commercially available polydimethylglutarimide (PMGI) bottom layer and an experimental EUVL photoresist top (imaging) layer. We measure the sensitivity of PMGI to EUV exposure dose as a function of photoresist prebake temperature, and using this data, optimize a metal liftoff process. Reliable fabrication of 700 Angstrom thick Au structures with sub-1000 Angstrom critical dimensions is achieved, even without the use of a Au adhesion layer, such as Ti. Using the bilevel photoresist process, we fabricate an electrode array test structure, designed for electrical characterization of molecules and nanocrystals. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Talin, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM aatalin@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 781 EP 784 DI 10.1116/1.1689308 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 816ED UT WOS:000221092300058 ER PT J AU Frahm, N Korber, BT Adams, CM Szinger, JJ Draenert, R Addo, MM Feeney, ME Yusim, K Sango, K Brown, NV SenGupta, D Piechocka-Trocha, A Simonis, T Marincola, FM Wurcel, AG Stone, DR Russell, CJ Adolf, P Cohen, D Roach, T StJohn, A Khatri, A Davis, K Mullins, J Goulder, PJR Walker, BD Brander, C AF Frahm, N Korber, BT Adams, CM Szinger, JJ Draenert, R Addo, MM Feeney, ME Yusim, K Sango, K Brown, NV SenGupta, D Piechocka-Trocha, A Simonis, T Marincola, FM Wurcel, AG Stone, DR Russell, CJ Adolf, P Cohen, D Roach, T StJohn, A Khatri, A Davis, K Mullins, J Goulder, PJR Walker, BD Brander, C TI Consistent cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte targeting of immunodominant regions in human immunodeficiency virus across multiple ethnicities SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PLASMA VIRAL LOAD; TYPE-1 SUBTYPE-C; CELL RESPONSES; HIV-1 INFECTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CD8-T-CELL MEMORY; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CD4-T-CELL HELP; HLA-A AB Although there is increasing evidence that virus-specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses play an important role in the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vivo, only scarce CTL data are available for the ethnic populations currently most Affected by the epidemic. In this study, we examined the CD8(+)-T-cell responses in African-American, Caucasian, Hispanic, and Caribbean populations in which clade B virus dominates and analyzed the potential factors influencing immune recognition. Total HIV-specific CD8(+)-T-cell responses were determined by enzyme-linked immunospot assays in 150 HIV-infected individuals by using a clade B consensus sequence peptide set spanning all HIV proteins. A total of 88% of the 410 tested peptides were recognized, and Nef- and Gag-specific responses dominated the total response for each ethnicity in terms of both breadth and magnitude. Three dominantly targeted regions within these proteins that were recognized by >90% of individuals in each ethnicity were identified. Overall, the total breadth and magnitude of CD8(+)-T-cell responses correlated with individuals' CD4 counts but not with viral loads. The frequency of recognition for each peptide was highly correlated with the relative conservation of the peptide sequence, the presence of predicted immunoproteasomal cleavage sites within the C-terminal half of the peptide, and a reduced frequency of amino acids that impair binding of optimal epitopes to the restricting class I molecules. The present study thus identifies factors that contribute to the immunogenicity of these highly targeted and relatively conserved sequences in HIV that may represent promising vaccine candidates for ethnically heterogeneous populations. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Charlestown, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Endocrine Unit, Charlestown, MA USA. Fenway Community Hlth Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Lemuel Shattuck Hosp, Boston, MA USA. NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Bridgetown, Barbados. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Brander, C (reprint author), Partners AIDS Res Ctr, 5th Floor MGH E,5239,149 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM brander@helix.mgh.harvard.edu OI Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU PHS HHS [N01-A1-15422] NR 55 TC 224 Z9 235 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 78 IS 5 BP 2187 EP 2200 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.5.2187-2200.2004 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 775AV UT WOS:000189019300003 PM 14963115 ER PT J AU Kuhmann, SE Pugach, P Kunstman, KJ Taylor, J Stanfield, RL Snyder, A Strizki, JM Riley, J Baroudy, BM Wilson, IA Korber, BT Wolinsky, SM Moore, JP AF Kuhmann, SE Pugach, P Kunstman, KJ Taylor, J Stanfield, RL Snyder, A Strizki, JM Riley, J Baroudy, BM Wilson, IA Korber, BT Wolinsky, SM Moore, JP TI Genetic and phenotypic analyses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escape from a small-molecule CCR5 inhibitor SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID GP120 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5; HIGH-AFFINITY BINDING; T-CELL DEPLETION; V3 LOOP; ENTRY INHIBITORS; HIV-1 INFECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; FUSION INHIBITOR AB We have described previously the generation of an escape variant of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), under the selection pressure of AD101, a small molecule inhibitor that binds the CCR5 coreceptor (A. Trkola, S. E. Kuhmann, J. M. Strizki, E. Maxwell, T. Ketas, T. Morgan, P. Pugach, S. X. L. Wojcik, J. Tagat, A. Palani, S. Shapiro, J. W. Clader, S. McCombie, G. R. Reyes, B. M. Baroudy, and J. P. Moore, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:395-400, 1002). The escape mutant, CC101.19, continued to use CCR5 for entry, but it was at least 20,000-fold more resistant to AD101 than the parental virus, CC1/85. We have now cloned the env genes from the the parental and escape mutant isolates and made chimeric infectious molecular clones that fully recapitulate the phenotypes of the corresponding isolates. Sequence analysis of the evolution of the escape mutants suggested that the most relevant changes were likely to be in the V3 loop of the gp120 glycoprotein. We therefore made a series of mutant viruses and found that full AD101 resistance was conferred by four amino acid changes in V3. Each change individually caused partial resistance when they were introduced into the V3 loop of a CC1/85 clone, but their impact was dependent on the gp120 context in which they were made. We assume that these amino acid changes alter how the HIV-1 Env complex interacts with CCR5. Perhaps unexpectedly, given the complete dependence of the escape mutant on CCR5 for entry, monomeric gp120 proteins expressed from clones of the fully resistant isolate failed to bind to CCR5 on the surface of L1.2-CCR5 cells under conditions where gp120 proteins from the parental virus and a partially AD101-resistant virus bound strongly. Hence, the full impact of the V3 substitutions may only be apparent at the level of the native Env complex. C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Med Sch, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Schering Plough Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Moore, JP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1300 York Ave,W-805, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM jpm2003@med.cornell.edu RI Wolinsky, Steven/B-2893-2012; OI Wolinsky, Steven/0000-0002-9625-6697; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007621, T32 AI07621, R01 AI041420]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD37356, R01 HD037356]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM46192, R01 GM046192] NR 123 TC 161 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 78 IS 6 BP 2790 EP 2807 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.6.2790-2807.2004 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA 800QP UT WOS:000220043100015 PM 14990699 ER PT J AU Constantin, C Dewald, E Niemann, C Hoffmann, DHH Udrea, S Varentsov, D Jacoby, V Funk, UN Neuner, U Tauschwitz, A AF Constantin, C Dewald, E Niemann, C Hoffmann, DHH Udrea, S Varentsov, D Jacoby, V Funk, UN Neuner, U Tauschwitz, A TI Cold compression of solid matter by intense heavy-ion-beam-generated pressure waves SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE cold compression; heavy-ion beam; weak shock waves AB Experimental investigations of heavy-ion-generated shock waves in solid, multilayered targets were performed by applying a Schlieren and a laser-deflection technique. Shock velocity and the corresponding pressures, temporal and spatial density profiles inside the material compressed by multiple shock waves, and details of the shock dynamics were determined. Important for equation-of-state and phase transition studies, such experiments extend their relevance to inertial confinement fusion and astrophysical fundamental research. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Gesell Schwerionenforsch Darmstadt mbH, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Constantin, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM constantini@llnl.gov RI Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD MAR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1017/S0263034604221115 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 825SE UT WOS:000221777800011 ER PT J AU Kulp, TJ Kliner, DAV Armstrong, KM Goers, UB Sommers, R Bambha, RP Reichardt, TA Schmitt, R AF Kulp, TJ Kliner, DAV Armstrong, KM Goers, UB Sommers, R Bambha, RP Reichardt, TA Schmitt, R TI Portable laser-based imager offers efficient hydrocarbon detection SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article AB Infrared wavelengths enable backscatter-absorption gas imaging in natural-gas and petroleum industry applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Diagnost & Remote Sensing Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kulp, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Diagnost & Remote Sensing Dept, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tjkulp@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD MAR PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 93 EP + PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 806DQ UT WOS:000220415000029 ER PT J AU Fei, Y Frank, MR Mibe, K Shen, G Prakapenka, V AF Fei, Y Frank, MR Mibe, K Shen, G Prakapenka, V TI P-V-T equation of state of Al-bearing silicate perovskite and its implications for mantle composition models SO LITHOS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Symposium on Experimental Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry CY APR 04-07, 2004 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY SP Univ Frankfurt am Main, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, EMU, Deutsch Mineralog Gesell C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fei@gl.ciw.edu; mfrank@niu.cdu; k.mibe@gl.ciw.edu; shen@cars.uchicago.edu RI Frank, Mark/E-6331-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD MAR PY 2004 VL 73 IS 1-2 SU S BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 810FQ UT WOS:000220690600068 ER PT J AU Rubie, DC Couvy, H Frost, D Durham, W Wang, Y Cordier, P AF Rubie, DC Couvy, H Frost, D Durham, W Wang, Y Cordier, P TI Using the D-DIA to study changes in deformation mechanism in forsterite at high pressure SO LITHOS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th International Symposium on Experimental Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry CY APR 04-07, 2004 CL Frankfurt, GERMANY SP Univ Frankfurt am Main, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, EMU, Deutsch Mineralog Gesell C1 Univ Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Chicago, CARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Lille, LSPES, Lille, France. EM helene.couvy@uni-bayreuth.de RI Frost, Daniel/B-7526-2016 OI Frost, Daniel/0000-0002-4443-8149 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD MAR PY 2004 VL 73 IS 1-2 SU S BP S93 EP S93 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 810FQ UT WOS:000220690600187 ER PT J AU Sugama, T AF Sugama, T TI Hydrothermal degradation of polybenzimidazole coating SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE polybenzimidazole; coating; hydrothermal degradation ID ACID DOPED POLYBENZIMIDAZOLE; PROTON CONDUCTION AB The usefulness of a room-temperature film-forming polybenzimidazole (PBI) resin as a high-temperature anti-corrosion coating for carbon steel in geothermal environments was evaluated. PBI displayed thermal stability at temperatures up to 600 degreesC. However, when its film was exposed to 300 degreesC brine, it underwent hydrolysis, which causes the opening and breakage of imidazole rings in the PBI structure, followed by the formation of two hydrolysate derivatives, biphenyl tetra-amine and benzodicarboxylic acid. This shortcoming lowered the film's maximum effectiveness in minimizing the rate of transportation through it of corrosive electrolytes in hydrothermal environments. As a result, the PBI coating film was hydrothermally degraded, and it delaminated from the underlying steel substrates after a 14-day exposure. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Energy Resources Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Energy Resources Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sugama@bnl.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 58 IS 7-8 BP 1307 EP 1312 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2003.09.045 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 771AP UT WOS:000188763600036 ER PT J AU Vianco, P Rejent, J Grant, R AF Vianco, P Rejent, J Grant, R TI Development of Sn-based, low melting temperature Pb-free solder alloys SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE lead-free solder; tin-based; low melting temperature AB Low temperature, Sn-based Pb-free solders were developed by making alloy additions to the starting material, 96.5Sn-3.5Ag (mass%). The melting behavior was determined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The solder microstructure was evaluated by optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Shear strength measurements, hardness tests, intermetallic compound (IMC) layer growth measurements, and solderability tests were performed on selected alloys. Three promising ternary alloy compositions and respective solidus temperatures were: 91.84Sn-3.33Ag4.83Bi, 212degreesC; 87.5Sn-7.5Au-5.0Bi, 200degreesC; and 86.4Sn-5.1Ag-8.5Au, 205degreesC. A quaternary alloy had the composition 86.8Sn-3.2Ag-5.0Bi-5.0Au and solidus temperature of 194degreesC. The shear strength of this quaternary alloy was nearly twice that of the eutectic Sn-Pb solder. The 66Sn-5.0Ag-10Bi-5.0Au-10In-4.0Cu alloy had a solidus temperature of 178degreesC and good solderability on Cu. The lowest solidus temperature of 159degreesC was realized with the alloy 62Sn-5.0Ag-10Bi-4.0Au-10In-4.0Cu-5.0Ga. The contributing factor towards the melting point depression was the composition of the solid solution, Sn-based matrix phase of each solder. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 45 IS 3 BP 765 EP 775 DI 10.2320/matertrans.45.765 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 810WN UT WOS:000220734500025 ER PT J AU Howard, DL Bragen, MJ Burke, JF Love, RJ AF Howard, DL Bragen, MJ Burke, JF Love, RJ TI PORTSIM 5: Modeling from a seaport level SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE port; seaport; modeling; simulation; logistics; transportation; military; mobility; infrastructure AB This paper describes PORTSIM 5, a discrete-event seaport simulation model. Specifically, we discuss the developmental efforts and existing system limitations that have led up to the current efforts being undertaken by the Military Traffic Management Command Transportation Engineering Agency and Argonne National Laboratory. PORTSIM 5 builds on the knowledge and expertise gained from two preceding port simulation models, PORTSIM 4.3 and CPORTS 1.4, and incorporates a set of rules and conventions to address the issue of resource competition. We will provide a brief description of the preceding models and illustrate their individual shortcomings. The paper will go on to describe PORTSIM 5 and the three main areas it models, port areas of operation, port processes, and port resources. Port resource allocation methods will also be addressed. In PORTSIM 5, the graphical user interface (GUI) has been decoupled from the simulation. Here we provide a short section on the GUI and illustrate with sample screens and output. Finally, future enhancements are suggested. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Howard, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dhoward@anl.gov; bragen@anl.gov; jay@anl.gov; love@anl.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 715 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.010 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200011 ER PT J AU Burke, JF Love, RJ Macal, CM AF Burke, JF Love, RJ Macal, CM TI Modelling force deployments from army installations using the transportation system capability (TRANSCAP) model: A standardized approach SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE deployment; transportation; discrete-event simulation; army standards; standardization; object-oriented analysis; object-oriented design AB Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) developed the transportation system capability (TRANSCAP) model to simulate the deployment of forces from Army bases, in collaboration with and under the sponsorship of the Military Transportation Management Command Transportation Engineering Agency (MTMCTEA). TRANSCAP's design separates its pre- and post-processing modules (developed in Java) from its simulation module (developed in MODSIM III(R)). This paper describes TRANSCAP's modelling approach, emphasizing Argonne's highly detailed, object-oriented, multilanguage software design principles. Fundamental to these design principles is TRANSCAP's implementation of an improved method for standardizing the transmission of simulated data to output analysis tools and the implementation of three Army deployment/redeployment community standards, all of which are in the final phases of community acceptance. The first is the extensive hierarchy and object representation for transport simulations (EXHORT), which is a reusable, object-oriented deployment simulation source code framework of classes. The second and third are algorithms for rail deployment operations at a military base. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Burke, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jay@anl.gov; love@anl.gov; macal@anl.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 733 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.011 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200012 ER PT J AU Van Groningen, C Blachowicz, D Braun, M Widing, M AF Van Groningen, C Blachowicz, D Braun, M Widing, M TI Performing comprehensive reception, staging, onward movement, and integration analysis in a theater of operations SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article DE military; deployment; simulation; transportation; Java AB The enhanced logistics support tool (ELIST) is a comprehensive information management and discrete event simulation program for analyzing the deployment of military units into a theater of operations. ELIST performs a detailed vehicle-level simulation of the reception, staging, onward movement, and integration of forces. This simulation receives loaded ships and planes at the ports, unloads them, and transports the personnel and cargo using air, water, rail, road, and pipeline modes of transportation. ELIST then generates a variety of reports and graphs that are structured to be multilevel, allowing the users to navigate through the results to determine the problems or constraints of the scenario. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Van Groningen, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vang@anl.gov; blach@dis.anl.gov; duffy@dis.anl.gov; widing@dis.anl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6-8 BP 945 EP 961 DI 10.1016/j.mcm.2004.02.023 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 828TD UT WOS:000221995200024 ER PT J AU Di Mascio, M Ribeiro, RM Markowitz, M Ho, DD Perelson, AS AF Di Mascio, M Ribeiro, RM Markowitz, M Ho, DD Perelson, AS TI Modeling the long-term control of viremia in HIV-1 infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Topics in Biomathematics and Related Computational Problems at the Beginning of the Third Millennium CY JUN 03-09, 2002 CL VIETRI SUL MARE, ITALY DE HIV; modeling; viral dynamics; AIDS ID FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; HIV-1 INFECTION; COMBINATION THERAPY; PLASMA; DECAY; REPLICATION; PATHOGENESIS; PERSISTENCE; CLEARANCE AB Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), administered to a HAART-naive patient, perturbs the steady state of chronic infection. This perturbation provides an opportunity to investigate the existence and dynamics of different sources of viral production. Models of HIV dynamics can be used to make a comparative analysis of the efficacies of different drug regimens. When HAART is administered for long periods of time, most patients achieve 'undetectable' viral loads (VLs), i.e., below 50 copies/ml. Use of an ultra-sensitive VL assay demonstrates that some of these patients obtain a low steady state VL in the range 5-50 copies/ml, while others continue to exhibit VL declines to below 5 copies/ml. Interestingly, when patients exhibit continued declines below 50 copies/ml the virus has a half-life of similar to6 months, consistent with some estimates of the rate of latent cell decline. Some patients, despite having sustained undetectable VLs, show periods of transient viremia (blips). We present a statistical characterization of the blips observed in a set of 123 patients, suggesting that patients have different tendencies to show blips during the period of VL suppression, that intermittent episodes of viremia have common amplitude profiles, and that VL decay from the peak of a blip may have two phases. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos Lab 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos Lab 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555, M01-RR00102]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI42848, AI28433, AI41387] NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 188 SI SI BP 47 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.mbs.2003.08.003 PG 16 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 780NN UT WOS:000189387700005 PM 14766093 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, RM TI A probabilistic treatment of creep rupture behavior for polymers and other materials SO MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE creep rupture; kinetic crack; probability of lifetimes ID PREDICTION; COMPOSITES AB A recent deterministic derivation for the creep rupture behavior of polymers is taken as the basis for the present work. The formulation is that for the prediction of the lifetime of viscoelastic materials under constant load, based upon kinetic crack growth from initial flaws. The statistical generalization involves using a Weibull type distribution for the instantaneous static strengths. Then the resulting full statistical character for the lifetimes as a function of stress level is found. The lifetime distributions are determined to be much broader than are the static strength distributions. An unusual statistical characteristic emerges from the derivation. When the lifetimes are viewed on log stress versus log lifetime scales the envelopes for the various probability levels of failure are found to have a common shape, as in a single master curve, but they are shifted relative to each other along the log stress axis. This shifting property could have considerable utility in reducing the number of tests required to obtain a complete, statistical database. Finally, similar implications for fatigue characterization are considered. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-356, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM christensen6@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-2000 J9 MECH TIME-DEPEND MAT JI Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1023/B:MTDM.0000027685.91467.98 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA 820LK UT WOS:000221390200001 ER PT J AU Kim, T Son, SK Sarma, SE AF Kim, T Son, SK Sarma, SE TI On actuator reversal motions of machine tools SO MECHANISM AND MACHINE THEORY LA English DT Article DE reversal; friction; machine tool; kinematics ID FRICTION COMPENSATION; ROBOT MANIPULATORS; ROBUST AB When joints in a machine tool reverse the direction of their motion, non-linearities that are ignored in machine design and control are reflected noticeably in the accuracy of machined surfaces. For example, friction characteristics of a machine tool become highly non-linear at low operating speeds, demanding sophisticated compensation. We present a theoretical treatment of the kinematics of reversals and reversal free paths of machine tools. We visualize and compare reversal characteristics of active joints in serial, parallel, and hybrid mechanisms for various trajectories and sweeping patterns. Reversal characteristics have implications both in the design of machine tools and in path planning. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 35-010, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sesarma@mit.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-114X J9 MECH MACH THEORY JI Mech. Mach. Theory PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 299 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2003.09.002 PG 24 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 778DC UT WOS:000189223000005 ER PT J AU Jiang, L Wang, H Liaw, PK Brooks, CR Chen, L Klarstrom, DL AF Jiang, L Wang, H Liaw, PK Brooks, CR Chen, L Klarstrom, DL TI Temperature evolution and life prediction in fatigue of superalloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; THERMOGRAPHIC DETECTION; ALLOY; DAMAGE; BEHAVIOR AB Low-cycle fatigue behavior of two superalloys, ULTIMET(R) alloy, Co-26 pct Cr-9 pct Ni (wt pct), and HAYNES(R) HR-120(R) alloy, Ni-33 pct Fe-25 pct Cr, was studied at room temperature. An infrared thermography system was employed to monitor the temperature evolution of fatigue processes for both superalloys. Temperature changes during fatigue were related to the hysteresis effect, and were successfully predicted, based on the consideration of the hysteresis effect and heat conduction. The temperature increase of a specimen from the initial to the equilibrium stages was used as an index to predict the fatigue life of the two superalloys. It was found that the fatigue-life predictions using the present model were in good agreement with the experimental results. C1 GE GRC, Ceram & Met Technol, Niskayuna, NY 12301 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Shenyang Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Shenyang 110023, Peoples R China. Haynes Int Inc, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. RP Jiang, L (reprint author), GE GRC, Ceram & Met Technol, Niskayuna, NY 12301 USA. EM pliaw@utk.edu RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 35A IS 3 BP 839 EP 848 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0010-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 778LZ UT WOS:000189244200010 ER PT J AU Su, YF Allard, LF Coffey, DW Lee, WY AF Su, YF Allard, LF Coffey, DW Lee, WY TI Effects of an alpha-Al2O3 thin film on the oxidation behavior of a single-crystal Ni-based superalloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-BARRIER COATINGS; FE-CR-AL; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ALUMINA SCALES; GROWTH; ALLOYS; MECHANISMS; MORPHOLOGY; ADHESION; OXIDE AB A similar to150-nm-thick coating layer consisting of alpha-Al2O3 as the major phase with a minute amount of theta-Al2O3 was deposited on the surface of a single-crystal Ni-based superalloy by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Within 0.5 hours of oxidation at 1150 degreesC, the resulting thermally grown oxide (TGO) formed on the coated alloy surface underwent significant lateral grain growth. Consequently, within this time scale, the columnar nature of the TGO became established. After 50 hours, a network of ridges was clearly observed on the TGO surface instead of equiaxed grains typically observed on the uncoated alloy surface. Comparison of the TGO morphologies observed with and without the CVD-Al2O3 layer suggested that the transient oxidation of the alloy surface was considerably reduced. Also, the CVD-Al2O3 layer significantly reduced the growth rate of the TGO and improved its spallation resistance, while slowing the internal oxidation of Ta-rich areas that were present in the superalloy as-casting defects. These results demonstrated that this thin alpha-Al2O3 coating could be used as a means of favorably altering the TGO morphology and growth kinetics for no bond coat thermal barrier coating (TBC) applications. C1 Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Mat Anal User Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Su, YF (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Biochem & Mat Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM wlee@stevens-tech.edu NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 35A IS 3A BP 1055 EP 1065 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-1008-5 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 803QP UT WOS:000220245900009 ER PT J AU Balch, DK Dunand, DC AF Balch, DK Dunand, DC TI Copper-zirconium tungstate composites exhibiting low and negative thermal expansion influenced by reinforcement phase transformations SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; ZRW2O8; TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION; HFW2O8 AB A fully-dense Cu-75 vol pet ZrW2O8 metal matrix composite was fabricated by hot isostatic pressing of Cu-coated ZrW2O8 particles. A small amount of the high-pressure Y-ZrW2O8 phase was created during the cooldown and depressurization following densification; near complete transformation to gamma-ZrW2O8 was achieved by subsequent cold isostatic pressing. The thermal expansion behavior of the composite between 25 degreesC and 325 degreesC was altered by the cold isostatic pressing treatment, and also depended on the length of time that had passed between thermal cycles. The measured thermal expansion coefficients within specific temperature ranges varied from - 6 . 10(-6) K-1 to far above the thermal expansion coefficient of the copper matrix. The complex temperature-dependent expansion/ contraction behavior could be justified by considering the evolution of phase transformations taking place in the ZrW2O8 phase, which were observed by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engineered Mat Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Balch, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engineered Mat Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dunand@northwestern.edu RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 NR 26 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 35A IS 3A BP 1159 EP 1165 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 803QP UT WOS:000220245900020 ER PT J AU Welten, KC Nishiszumi, K Finkel, RC Hillegonds, DJ Jull, AJT Franke, L Schultz, L AF Welten, KC Nishiszumi, K Finkel, RC Hillegonds, DJ Jull, AJT Franke, L Schultz, L TI Exposure history and terrestrial ages of ordinary chondrites from the Dar al Gani region, Libya SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NON-ANTARCTIC METEORITES; LIGHT NOBLE-GASES; PRODUCTION-RATES; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; PARENT BODIES; H-CHONDRITES; IRRADIATION; DESERT; STONY; CL-36 AB We measured the concentrations of noble gases in 32 ordinary chondrites from the Dar al Gani (DaG) region, Libya, as well as concentrations of the cosmogenic radionuclides C-14, Be-10, Al-26, Cl-36, and Ca-41 in 18 of these samples. Although the trapped noble gases in five DaG samples show ratios typical of solar or planetary gases, in all other DaG samples, they are dominated by atmospheric contamination, which increases with the degree of weathering. Cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages of DaG chondrites range from similar to1 Myr to 53 Myr. The CRE age distribution of 10 DaG L chondrites shows a cluster around 40 Myr due to four members of a large L6 chondrite shower. The CRE age distribution of 19 DaG H chondrites shows only three ages coinciding with the main H chondrite peak at similar to7 Myr, while seven ages are <5 Myr. Two of these H chondrites with short CRE ages (DaG 904 and 908) show evidence of a complex exposure history. Five of the H chondrites show evidence of high shielding conditions, including low Ne-22/Ne-21 ratios and large contributions of neutron-capture Cl-36 and Ca-41. These samples represent fragments of two or more large pre-atmospheric objects, which supports the hypothesis that the high H/L chondrite ratio at DaG is due to one or more large unrecognized showers. The C-14 concentrations correspond to terrestrial ages <35 kyr, similar to terrestrial ages of chondrites from other regions in the Sahara but younger than two DaG achondrites. Despite the loss of cosmogenic Cl-36 and Ca-41 during oxidation of metal and troilite, concentrations of Cl-36 and Ca-41 in the silicates are also consistent with C-14 ages <35 kyr. The only exception is DaG 343 (H4), which has a Ca-41 terrestrial age of 150 +/- 40 kyr. This old age shows that not only iron meteorites and achondrites but also chondrites can survive the hot desert environment for more than 50 kyr. A possible explanation is that older meteorites were covered by soils during wetter periods and were recently exhumed by removal of these soils due to deflation during more and periods, such as the current one, which started similar to 3000 years ago. Finally, based on the Al-26/Ne-21 and Be-10/Ne-21 systematics in 16 DaG meteorites, we derived more reliable estimates of the Be-10/Ne-21 production rate ratio, which seems more sensitive to shielding than was predicted by the semi-empirical model of Graf et al. (1990) but less sensitive than was predicted by the purely physical model of Leya et al. (2000). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arizona, NSF, Arizona AMS Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. RP Welten, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kcwelten@uclink4.berkeley.edu NR 68 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 39 IS 3 BP 481 EP 498 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 812HM UT WOS:000220830600009 ER PT J AU Buckley, RL Weber, AH Weber, JH AF Buckley, RL Weber, AH Weber, JH TI Statistical comparison of regional atmospheric modelling system forecasts with observations SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; MESOSCALE MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; CLOSURE-MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; TURBULENCE; COORDINATE AB A statistical comparison of observations and forecasts using the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) for operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina is discussed. Simulated and observed values of wind direction and wind speed, collected twice daily for a two-year period from April 1998 to March 2000, are compared in a variety of ways for five different locations in the southeastern United States. Simulated and observed turbulence intensities are also compared for a one-year period beginning in February 1999 for the SRS. Statistical measures used for comparison are the mean absolute error, mean relative error and standard deviation. Directional errors tend to increase with forecast time while speeds tend to be underestimated over the entire forecast range, especially those exceeding 8 m s(-1). Seasonally, winds are predicted with greater accuracy during the winter and spring months, when speeds in the southeastern United States are higher and direction is less variable. Vertical turbulence intensity at SRS is slightly underestimated, while horizontal turbulence intensity is slightly overestimated. In general, the statistical measures show that the model produces results with reasonable skill for the wind speed, direction and turbulence. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Buckley, RL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Bldg 773A,A1008, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM robert.buckley@srs.gov NR 47 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1350-4827 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 1 BP 67 EP 82 DI 10.1017/S1350482703001142 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 817IJ UT WOS:000221170900006 ER PT J AU Larabell, CA Le Gros, MA AF Larabell, CA Le Gros, MA TI X-ray tomography generates 3-D reconstructions of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, at 60-nm resolution SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; CRYOELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; MICROSCOPY; CELLS; LOCALIZATION; IMAGES AB We examined the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using X-ray tomography and demonstrate unique views of the internal structural organization of these cells at 60-nm resolution. Cryo X-ray tomography is a new imaging technique that generates three-dimensional (3-D) information of whole cells. In the energy range of X-rays used to examine cells, organic material absorbs approximately an order of magnitude more strongly than water. This produces a quantifiable natural contrast in fully hydrated cells and eliminates the need for chemical fixatives or contrast enhancement reagents to visualize cellular structures. Because proteins can be localized in the X-ray microscope using immunogold labeling protocols (Meyer-Ilse et al., 2001. J. Microsc. 201, 395-403), tomography enables 3-D molecular localization. The time required to collect the data for each cell shown here was <15 min and has recently been reduced to 3 min, making it possible to examine numerous yeast and to collect statistically significant high-resolution data. In this video essay, we show examples of 3-D tomographic reconstructions of whole yeast and demonstrate the power of this technology to obtain quantifiable information from whole, hydrated cells. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Larabell, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM larabel@itsa.ucsf.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 63948, R01 GM063948] NR 17 TC 188 Z9 194 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD MAR PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3 BP 957 EP 962 DI 10.1091/mbc.E03-07-0522 PG 6 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 800TZ UT WOS:000220051900002 PM 14699066 ER PT J AU Paluh, JL Killilea, AN Detrich, HW Downing, KH AF Paluh, JL Killilea, AN Detrich, HW Downing, KH TI Meiosis-specific failure of cell cycle progression in fission yeast by mutation of a conserved beta-tubulin residue SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article ID MICROTUBULE POLYMERIZATION DYNAMICS; OSCILLATORY NUCLEAR-MOVEMENT; PRIMARY SEQUENCE CHANGES; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; ALPHA-TUBULIN; GAMMA-TUBULIN; MEIOTIC PROPHASE; STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GENETICALLY INTERACTS AB The microtubule cytoskeleton is involved in regulation of cell morphology, differentiation, and cell cycle progression. Precisely controlled dynamic properties are required for these microtubule functions. To better understand how tubulin's dynamics are embedded in its primary sequence, we investigated in vivo the consequences of altering a single, highly conserved residue in beta-tubulin that lies at the interface between two structural domains. The residue differs between the cold-adapted Antarctic fish and temperate animals in a manner that suggests a role in microtubule stability. Fungi, like the Antarctic fish, have a phenylalanine in this position, whereas essentially all other animals have tyrosine. We mutated the corresponding residue in fission yeast to tyrosine. Temperature effects were subtle, but time-lapse microscopy of microtubule dynamics revealed reduced depolymerization rates and increased stability. Mitotic exit signaled by breakdown of the mitotic spindle was delayed. In meiosis, microtubules displayed prolonged contact to the cell cortex during horsetail movement, followed by completion of meiosis I but frequent asymmetric failure of meiosis II spindle formation. Our results indicate that depolymerization dynamics modulated through interdomain motion may be important for regulating a subset of plus-end microtubule complexes in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Biol, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khdowning@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM046033, GM-46033] NR 84 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD MAR PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1160 EP 1171 DI 10.1091/mbc.E03-06-0389 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 800TZ UT WOS:000220051900021 PM 14657251 ER PT J AU Fournier, A Taylor, MA Tribbia, JJ AF Fournier, A Taylor, MA Tribbia, JJ TI The spectral element atmosphere model (SEAM): High-resolution parallel computation and localized resolution of regional dynamics SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; GLOBAL SEISMOLOGY; TRANSFORM METHOD; ROTATING SPHERE; ALGORITHMS; TURBULENCE; ACCURACY; SCHEMES AB Fast, accurate computation of geophysical fluid dynamics is often very challenging. This is due to the complexity of the PDEs themselves and their initial and boundary conditions. There are several practical advantages to using a relatively new numerical method, the spectral-element method (SEM), over standard methods. SEM combines spectral-method high accuracy with the geometric flexibility and computational efficiency of finite-element methods. This paper is intended to augment the few descriptions of SEM that aim at audiences besides numerical-methods specialists. Advantages of SEM with regard to flexibility, accuracy, and efficient parallel performance are explained, including sufficient details that readers may estimate the benefit of applying SEM to their own computations. The spectral element atmosphere model (SEAM) is an application of SEM to solving the spherical shallow-water or primitive equations. SEAM simulated decaying Jovian atmospheric shallow-water turbulence up to resolution T1067, producing jets and vortices consistent with Rhines theory. SEAM validates the Held-Suarez primitive equations test case and exhibits excellent parallel performance. At T171L20, SEAM scales up to 292 million floating-point operations per second (Mflops) per processor (29% of supercomputer peak) on 32 Compaq ES40 processors (93% efficiency over using 1 processor), allocating 49 spectral elements/processor. At T533L20, SEAM scales up to 130 billion floating-point operations per second (Gflops) (8% of peak) and 9 wall clock minutes per model day on 1024 IBM POWER3 processors (48% efficiency over 16 processors), allocating 17 spectral elements per processor. Local element-mesh refinement with 300% stretching enables conformally embedding T480 within T53 resolution, inside a region containing 73% of the forcing but 6% of the area. Thereby the authors virtually reproduced a uniform-mesh T363 shallow-water computation, at 94% lower cost. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, Coll Comp Math & Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Fournier, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM fournier@ucar.edu RI Fournier, Aime/J-6366-2015 OI Fournier, Aime/0000-0002-5872-8307 NR 67 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 132 IS 3 BP 726 EP 748 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0726:TSEAMS>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 801RV UT WOS:000220113900005 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, S Eswaramoorthy, S Kumaran, D AF Swaminathan, S Eswaramoorthy, S Kumaran, D TI Structure and enzymatic activity of botulinum neurotoxins SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Toxins 2002 Conference CY 2002 CL Hannover, GERMANY DE botulinum neurotoxin; zinc; thermolysin; catalytic mechanism; X-ray structure ID TRANSITION-STATE ANALOGS; BACTERIAL PROTEIN TOXINS; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ZINC PEPTIDASES; LIGHT-CHAIN; THERMOLYSIN; BINDING; INHIBITORS; PURIFICATION; RESOLUTION AB The structure of botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) is analyzed, and it is demonstrated that the carbonyl oxygen of the scissile bond comes close to the zinc ion to form a Michaelis complex. The hydrated carbonyl is activated by the nucleophilic water, which moves closer to Glu 230 to form hydrogen bonds to side-chain carboxylate. This process frees up the lone pair, which forms a bond with carbonyl carbon, corresponding to the tetrahedral transition state. The hydrated peptide oxygen is stabilized by a zinc ion and a water molecule close by. The proton from the nucleophile moves to NH of the scissile bond. The other proton is shuttled by Ght 230 to the NH2 group to make it NH3(+) and allows it to leave. This mechanism is consistent with that proposed for thermolysin and BoNT/A. On the basis of these studies, we have shown that Tyr372 or Arg369 may not have any significant role in catalytic activity except for a secondary role such as stabilizing the transition state. Thus, the sulfate ion mimics the transition state of the scissile carbonyl carbon atom. However, the sulfate ion by itself does not inhibit the toxicity. Published 2004 by John Wiley Sons. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM swami@bnl.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 19 SU 8 BP S17 EP S22 DI 10.1002/mds.20005 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 803KX UT WOS:000220231100004 PM 15027050 ER PT J AU Larson, BC Lengeler, B AF Larson, BC Lengeler, B TI High-resolution three-dimensional x-ray microscopy SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE microbeams; microstructures; three-dimensional x-ray microscopy; tomography; x-ray optics ID DIFFRACTION AB This issue of MRS Bulletin focuses on the rapid progress that is ongoing in the development of hard x-ray microscopies with three-dimensional spatial resolutions ranging from micrometers to nanometers. The individual articles provide a crosscut of developments in hard x-ray projection tomography microscopy for imaging density and chemical fluctuations in crystalline and noncrystalline materials; large-angle diffraction-based, spatially resolved imaging of local structure, orientation, and strain distributions in crystalline materials; and emerging coherent diffraction imaging for nanometer-range Fourier transform imaging of crystalline and noncrystalline materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Aachen, Inst Phys 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. RP Larson, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Bldg 3025,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM larsonbc@ornl.gov; lengeler@physik.rwth-aachen.de NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 152 EP 154 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 804IN UT WOS:000220292500017 ER PT J AU Schroer, CG Cloetens, P Rivers, M Snigirev, A Takeuchi, A Yun, WB AF Schroer, CG Cloetens, P Rivers, M Snigirev, A Takeuchi, A Yun, WB TI High-resolution 3D imaging microscopy using hard x-rays SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE hard x-rays; three-dimensional imaging microscopy; tomography ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; REFRACTIVE LENSES; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; TOMOGRAPHY; HOLOTOMOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; SCIENCE; ELEMENT; OPTICS AB The key strength of hard x-ray full-field microscopy is the large penetration depth of hard x-rays into matter, which allows one to image the interior of opaque objects. Combined with tomographic techniques, the three-dimensional inner structure of an object can be reconstructed without the need for difficult and destructive sample preparation. Projection microscopy and microtomography are now routinely available at synchrotron radiation sources. The resolution of these techniques is limited by that of the detector to 1 mum or slightly less. X-ray images and tomograms at higher spatial resolution can be obtained by x-ray optical magnification, for example, by using parabolic refractive x-ray lenses as a magnifying optic. Combining magnifying x-ray imaging with tomography allows one to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of an object, such as a microprocessor chip, with resolution well below 1 mum. In x-ray scanning microscopy, the sample is scanned through a small-diameter beam. The great advantage of scanning microscopy is that x-ray analytical techniques such as fluorescence analysis, diffraction, and absorption spectroscopy can be used as contrast mechanisms in the microscope. In combination with tomography, fluorescence analysis makes it possible to reconstruct the distribution of different chemical elements inside an object (fluorescence microtomography), while combining absorption spectroscopy with tomography yields the distribution of different oxidation states of atomic species. C1 Univ Aachen, Inst Phys 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, GSECARS APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Xradia Inc, Concord, CA 94520 USA. RP Schroer, CG (reprint author), Univ Aachen, Inst Phys 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 157 EP 165 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 804IN UT WOS:000220292500018 ER PT J AU Ice, GE Larson, BC AF Ice, GE Larson, BC TI Three-dimensional x-ray structural microscopy using polychromatic microbeams SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE deformation; microdiffraction; polychromatic microbeams; three-dimensional differential-aperture x-ray microscopy (DAXM) ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; GRAIN; DIFFRACTION; DEFORMATION; RESOLUTION; STRAIN; FILMS; MICRODIFFRACTION; PLASTICITY AB In this article, the authors describe the principle and application of differential-aperture x-ray microscopy (DAXM). This recently developed scanning x-ray microprobe technique uses a confocal or traveling pinhole camera approach, to determine the crystal structure, crystallographic orientation, and elastic and plastic strain tensors within bulk materials. The penetrating properties of x-rays make the technique applicable to optically opaque as well as transparent materials, and it is nondestructive; this provides for in situ, submicrometer-resolution characterization of local crystal structure and for measurements of microstructure evolution on mesoscopic length scales from tenths to hundreds of micrometers. Examples are presented that illustrate the use of DAXM to study grain and subgrain morphology, grain-boundary types and networks, and local intra- and intergranular elastic and plastic deformation. Information of this type now provides a direct link between the actual structure and evolution in materials and, increasingly powerful computer simulations and multiscale modeling of materials microstructure and evolution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Room B260,Bldg 4500S,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 170 EP 176 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 804IN UT WOS:000220292500020 ER PT J AU Robinson, IK Miao, JW AF Robinson, IK Miao, JW TI Three-dimensional coherent x-ray diffraction microscopy SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE microscopy; nanocrystal shapes; strain; three-dimensional coherent x-ray diffraction ID PHASE PROBLEMS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; PATTERN; IMAGE AB X-rays have been widely used in the structural analysis of materials because of their significant penetration ability, at least on the length scale of the granularity of most materials. This allows, in principle, for fully three-dimensional characterization of the bulk properties of a material. One of the main advantages of x-ray diffraction over electron microscopy is that destructive sample preparation to create thin sections is often avoidable. A major disadvantage of x-ray diffraction with respect to electron microscopy is its inability to produce real-space images of the materials under investigation-there are simply no suitable lenses available. There has been significant progress in x-ray microscopy associated with the development of lenses, usually based on zone plates, Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors, or compound refractive lenses. These technologies are far behind the development of electron optics, particularly for the large magnification ratios needed to attain high resolution. In this article, the authors report progress toward the development of an alternative general approach to imaging, the direct inversion of diffraction patterns by computation methods. By avoiding the use of an objective lens altogether, the technique is free from aberrations that limit the resolution, and it can be highly efficient with respect to radiation damage of the samples. It can take full advantage of the three-dimensional capability that comes from the x-ray penetration. The inversion step employs computational methods based on oversampling to obtain a general solution of the diffraction phase problem. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Robinson, IK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 804IN UT WOS:000220292500021 ER PT J AU Wassom, JS Sankaranarayanan, K AF Wassom, JS Sankaranarayanan, K TI The life and scientific legacy of William L. Russell (1910-2003) - Obituary SO MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Leiden State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Toxicogenet, Sylvius Labs, NL-2333 AL Leiden, Netherlands. RP Wassom, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1060 Commerce Pk, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM wassomjs@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5742 J9 MUTAT RES-REV MUTAT JI Mutat. Res.-Rev. Mutat. Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 566 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.11.002 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 812PD UT WOS:000220850500001 ER PT J AU Califano, M Zunger, A Franceschetti, A AF Califano, M Zunger, A Franceschetti, A TI Efficient inverse Auger recombination at threshold in CdSe nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR SOLAR-CELLS; QUANTUM DOTS; IMPACT IONIZATION; CARRIER MULTIPLICATION; PHONON BOTTLENECK; EXCEEDING UNITY; SI1-XGEX ALLOYS; RELAXATION; ENERGY; PRINCIPLES AB We apply the semiempirical nonlocal pseudopotential method to the investigation of prospects for direct carrier multiplication (DCM) in neutral and negatively charged CdSe nanocrystals. In this process, known in the bulk as impact ionization, a highly excited carrier transfers, upon relaxation to the band edge, its excess energy A to a valence electron, promoting it across the band gap and thus creating two excitons from one. For excess energies just a few meV above the energy gap E, (the DCM threshold), we find the following: (i) DCM is much more efficient in quantum dots than in bulk materials, with rates of the order of 10(10) s(-1). In conventional bulk solids, comparable rates are obtained only for excess energies about 1 eV above E-g. (ii) Unlike the case in the bulk, in both neutral and charged nanocrystals the DCM rate is not an increasing function of the excess energy but oscillates as A moves in and out of resonance with the energy of the discrete spectrum of these OD systems. (iii) The main contribution to the DCM rates is found to come from the dot surface, as in the case of Auger multiexciton recombination rates. (iv) Direct radiative recombination of excited electron-hole pairs and phonon-assisted decay are slower than DCM, but (v) the rate of Auger cooling (where the relaxation energy of an excited electron is used to excite a hole into deeper levels) can be of the same order of magnitude as that of the DCM process. Furthermore, for excess energies well above the DCM threshold, the presence of an energy gap within the hole manifold considerably slows DCM compared to Auger cooling (AC), which is not affected by it. Achieving competitive DCM processes will, therefore, require the suppression of Auger cooling, for example, by removing the hole from the dot or by trapping it at the surface. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM alex_zunger@nrel.gov RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 43 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 4 IS 3 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1021/nl049869w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 802NQ UT WOS:000220170600028 ER PT J AU Wang, SW Borisevich, AY Rashkeev, SN Glazoff, MV Sohlberg, K Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST AF Wang, SW Borisevich, AY Rashkeev, SN Glazoff, MV Sohlberg, K Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST TI Dopants adsorbed as single atoms prevent degradation of catalysts SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED METAL-CLUSTERS; GAMMA-ALUMINA SURFACES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; THERMAL STABILIZATION; TRANSITION ALUMINA; STABILITY; ENERGY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; APPROXIMATION; LANTHANUM AB The design of catalysts with desired chemical and thermal properties is viewed as a grand challenge for scientists and engineers(1). For operation at high temperatures, stability against structural transformations is a key requirement. Although doping has been found to impede degradation, the lack of atomistic understanding of the pertinent mechanism has hindered optimization. For example, porous gamma-Al2O3, a widely used catalyst and catalytic support(2-6), transforms to non-porous alpha-Al2O3 at similar to1,100 degreesC(refs 7-10). Doping with La raises the transformation temperature(8-11) to similar to1,250 degreesC, but it has not been possible to establish if La atoms enter the bulk, adsorb on surfaces as single atoms or clusters, or form surface compounds(10-15). Here, we use direct imaging by aberration-corrected Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with extended X-ray absorption fine structure and first-principles calculations to demonstrate that, contrary to expectations, stabilization is achieved by isolated La atoms adsorbed on the surface. Strong binding and mutual repulsion of La atoms effectively pin the surface and inhibit both sintering and the transformation to alpha-Al2O3. The results provide the first guidelines for the choice of dopants to prevent thermal degradation of catalysts and other porous materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Alcos Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Borisevich, AY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM albinab@ornl.gov RI Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460 NR 30 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 17 U2 105 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1038/nmat1077 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 780AA UT WOS:000189345100014 PM 14991014 ER PT J AU Marian, J Cai, W Bulatov, VV AF Marian, J Cai, W Bulatov, VV TI Dynamic transitions from smooth to rough to twinning in dislocation motion SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLYBDENUM SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; FCC METALS; CROSS-SLIP; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY; COPPER; SUPERCONDUCTORS; NUCLEATION AB The motion of dislocations in response to stress dictates the mechanical behaviour of materials. However, it is not yet possible to directly observe dislocation motion experimentally at the atomic level. Here, we present the first observations of the long-hypothesized kink-pair mechanism in action using atomistic simulations of dislocation motion in iron. In a striking deviation from the classical picture, dislocation motion at high strain rates becomes rough, resulting in spontaneous self-pinning and production of large quantities of debris. Then, at still higher strain rates, the dislocation stops abruptly and emits a twin plate that immediately takes over as the dominant mode of plastic deformation. These observations challenge the applicability of the Peierls threshold concept to the three-dimensional motion of screw dislocations at high strain rates, and suggest a new interpretation of plastic strength and microstructure of shocked metals. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Marian, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jmarian@caltech.edu OI Cai, Wei/0000-0001-5919-8734 NR 41 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 7 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1038/nmat1072 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 780AA UT WOS:000189345100017 PM 14991017 ER PT J AU Kempe, MD Scruggs, NR Verduzco, R Lal, J Kornfield, JA AF Kempe, MD Scruggs, NR Verduzco, R Lal, J Kornfield, JA TI Self-assembled liquid-crystalline gels designed from the bottom up SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-BEHAVIOR; POLYMER; POLYSILOXANES; SCATTERING; ELASTOMERS AB Liquid crystals are often combined with polymers to influence the liquid crystals' orientation and mechanical properties, but at the expense of reorientation speed or uniformity of alignment. We introduce a new method to create self-assembled nematic liquid-crystal gels using an ABA triblock copolymer with a side-group liquid-crystalline midblock and liquid-crystal-phobic endblocks. In contrast to in situ polymerized networks, these physical gels are homogeneous systems with a solubilized polymer network giving them exceptional optical uniformity and well-defined crosslink density. Furthermore, the unusually high-molecular-weight polymers used allow gels to form at lower concentrations than previously accessible. This enables these gels to be aligned by surface anchoring, shear, or magnetic fields. The high content of small-molecule liquid crystal (greater than or equal to95%) allows access to a regime of fast reorientation dynamics. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kornfield, JA (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jak@cheme.caltech.edu RI Carty, Neal/N-6449-2013 NR 34 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1038/nmat1074 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 780AA UT WOS:000189345100020 PM 14991020 ER PT J AU Campisi, J AF Campisi, J TI Fragile fugue: p53 in aging, cancer and IGF signaling SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RECEPTOR; MICE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Buck Inst Age Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Buck Inst Age Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JCAMPISI@LBL.GOV NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 231 EP 232 DI 10.1038/nm0304-231 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 779LH UT WOS:000189297700021 PM 14991040 ER PT J AU McAdams, HH Srinivasan, B Arkin, AP AF McAdams, HH Srinivasan, B Arkin, AP TI The evolution of genetic regulatory systems in bacteria SO NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS LA English DT Review ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION NETWORK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOME EVOLUTION; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; MYXOCOCCUS-XANTHUS; SELFISH OPERONS; CELL-CYCLE; EXPRESSION; ADAPTATION; DYNAMICS AB The genomes of bacterial species show enormous plasticity in the function of individual genes, in genome organization and in regulatory organization. Over millions of years, both bacterial genes and their genomes have been extensively reorganized and adapted so that bacteria occupy virtually every environmental niche on the earth. In addition, changes have occurred in the regulatory circuitry that controls cell operations, cell-cycle progression and responses to environmental signals. The mechanisms that underlie the adaptation of the bacterial regulatory circuitry are crucial for understanding the bacterial biosphere and have important roles in the emergence of antibiotic resistance. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Lawrence Berkeley Labs, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McAdams, HH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev Biol, B300 Beckman Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hmcadams@stanford.edu RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 63 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1471-0056 J9 NAT REV GENET JI Nat. Rev. Genet. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1038/nrg1292 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 779ZB UT WOS:000189334500012 PM 14970819 ER PT J AU Belote, RT Weltzin, JF Norby, RJ AF Belote, RT Weltzin, JF Norby, RJ TI Response of an understory plant community to elevated [CO2] depends on differential responses of dominant invasive species and is mediated by soil water availability SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CO2 enrichment; invasive species; understory communities; Lonicera japonica; Microstegium vimineum ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LONG-TERM; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; PASTURE COMMUNITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; GROWTH-RESPONSE; ENRICHMENT FACE; GRASSLAND AB Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are likely to have direct effects on terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we describe effects of elevated concentrations of CO2 on an understory plant community in terms of production and community composition. In 2001 and 2002 total and species-specific above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) were estimated by harvesting above-ground biomass within an understory community receiving ambient [CO2] and elevated [CO2] at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facility. During a wet year, community composition differed between plots receiving ambient [CO2] and elevated [CO2], but total ANPP did not differ. By contrast, during a drier year, community composition did not differ, but total ANPP was greater in elevated than ambient [CO2] plots. These patterns were driven by the response of two codominant species, Lonicera japonica and Microstegium vimineum, both considered invasive species in the south-eastern United States. The ANPP of L. japonica was consistently greater under elevated [CO2], whereas the response of M. vimineum to CO2 enrichment differed between years and mediated total community response. These data suggest that community and species responses to a future, CO2-enriched atmosphere may be mediated by other environmental factors and will depend on individual species responses. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Belote, RT (reprint author), Engn Environm Management Inc, 1510 Canal Court,Suite 2000, Littleton, CO 80120 USA. EM rbelote@utk.edu RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 52 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 161 IS 3 BP 827 EP 835 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00977.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 769JG UT WOS:000188646500018 ER PT J AU Helmer, RG AF Helmer, RG TI Nuclear data sheets for A=158* SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; HIGH-SPIN STATES; NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; REDUCED TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; COLLECTIVE VIBRATIONAL STATES; PARTIAL FUSION REACTIONS; INTERACTING BOSON MODEL; ROTATING YB-158 NUCLEI AB The experimental results from the various reaction and decay studies leading to nuclides in the A = 158 mass chain have been reviewed. These data are summarized and presented, together with adopted level schemes and properties. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 470 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD MAR PY 2004 VL 101 IS 3 BP 325 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2004.02.001 PG 194 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 802OU UT WOS:000220173600001 ER PT J AU Naus, DJ Ellingwood, BR Graves, HL AF Naus, DJ Ellingwood, BR Graves, HL TI Methods for assessing NPP containment pressure boundary integrity SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT16) CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL washington, DC ID INSPECTION AB Research is being conducted to address aging of the containment pressure boundary in light-water reactor plants. Objectives of this research are to (1) understand the significant factors relating to corrosion occurrence, efficacy of inspection, and structural capacity reduction of steel containments and of liners of concrete containments; (2) provide the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) reviewers a means of establishing current structural capacity margins or estimating future residual structural capacity margins for steel containments and concrete containments as limited by liner integrity; and (3) provide recommendations, as appropriate, on information to be requested of licensees for guidance that could be utilized by USNRC reviewers in assessing the seriousness of reported incidences of containment degradation. Activities include development of a degradation assessment methodology; reviews of techniques and methods for inspection and repair of containment metallic pressure boundaries; evaluation of candidate techniques for inspection of inaccessible regions of containment metallic pressure boundaries; establishment of a methodology for reliability-based condition assessments of steel containments and liners; and fragility assessments of steel containments with localized corrosion. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Containment & Concrete Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Naus, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Containment & Concrete Technol, POB 2009,Bldg 9204-1, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nausdj@ornl.gov NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.06.024 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 779FE UT WOS:000189284000007 ER PT J AU Braverman, JI Miller, CA Hofmayer, CH Ellingwood, BR Naus, DJ Chang, TY AF Braverman, JI Miller, CA Hofmayer, CH Ellingwood, BR Naus, DJ Chang, TY TI Degradation assessment of structures and passive components at nuclear power plants SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT16) CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL washington, DC ID SEISMIC FRAGILITIES; CONCRETE; RESISTANCE; CORROSION; RISK AB This paper describes a multi-year research program to assess age-related degradation of structures and passive components important to the safe operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The purpose of the research effort is to develop the technical basis for the validation and improvement of analytical methods and acceptance criteria which can be used to make risk-informed decisions and to address technical issues related to degradation of structures and passive components. The approach adopted for this research program consists of two phases. In Phase 1, specific degradation occurrences at plants were collected and evaluated, existing technical information on aging was reviewed, and a scoping study was performed to identify which structures and components should be studied in the subsequent phases of the research program. Based on the results of the Phase I effort, selected structures and passive components are evaluated in Phase II to assess the effects of age-related degradation using existing and enhanced analytical methods. Fragility analyses are performed for undegraded and degraded structures and passive components. These results can then be used to assess the potential impact of degradation on overall plant risk. The Phase 11 effort also utilizes the results of the analyses to develop probabilistic degradation acceptance criteria for the structures and passive components studied. These research activities provide useful tools to support the current goals of developing risk-informed and performance-based regulation in the nuclear industry. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Braverman, JI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 130,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM braverman@bnl.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 283 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.06.012 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 779FE UT WOS:000189284000024 ER PT J AU Buongiorno, J Hawkes, BD AF Buongiorno, J Hawkes, BD TI Seismic analysis of heavy-liquid-metal-cooled reactor vessels SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT16) CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL washington, DC AB The linear-elastic seismic analysis for the vessel of a heavy-liquid-metal reactor was undertaken based on the Design Response Spectrum (DRS) approach and for a 0.5 g earthquake. Four support types for the vessel were analyzed and it was found that the roll support exhibits the best overall performance. The variation of the normal-mode frequency and total peak stress intensity with the vessel diameter and thickness was also studied. It was found that the frequency of the first normal mode increases with increasing vessel diameter and thickness, while the total peak stress intensity decreases with increasing vessel thickness and is roughly independent of the vessel diameter. Two new dimensionless groups are introduced that enable correlation of the frequency and stress-intensity data with adequate accuracy. It is proposed that these correlations be used for quick estimate of the seismic response of a vessel of arbitrary size, material and contained (heavy) fluid, subject to an earthquake of arbitrary magnitude. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Nucl Engn, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Buongiorno, J (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Nucl Engn, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM buonj@inel.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 305 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.06.025 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 779FE UT WOS:000189284000025 ER PT J AU Xu, J DeGrassi, G Chokski, N AF Xu, J DeGrassi, G Chokski, N TI A NRC-BNL benchmark evaluation of seismic analysis methods for non-classically damped coupled systems SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT16) CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL washington, DC AB Under the auspices of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) developed a comprehensive program to evaluate state-of-the-art methods and computer programs for seismic analysis of typical coupled nuclear power plant (NPP) systems with non-classical damping. In this program, four benchmark models of coupled building-piping/equipment systems with different damping characteristics were developed and analyzed by BNL for a suite of earthquakes. The BNL analysis was carried out by the Wilson-theta time domain integration method with the system-damping matrix computed using a synthesis formulation as presented in a companion paper [Nucl. Eng. Des. (2002)]. These benchmark problems were subsequently distributed to and analyzed by program participants applying their uniquely developed methods and computer programs. This paper is intended to offer a glimpse at the program, and provide a summary of major findings and principle conclusions with some representative results. The participant's analysis results established using complex modal time history methods showed good comparison with the BNL solutions, while the analyses produced with either complex-mode response spectrum methods or classical normal-mode response spectrum method, in general, produced more conservative results, when averaged over a suite of earthquakes. However, when coupling due to damping is significant, complex-mode response spectrum methods performed better than the classical normal-mode response spectrum method. Furthermore, as part of the program objectives, a parametric assessment is also presented in this paper, aimed at evaluation of the applicability of various analysis methods to problems with different dynamic characteristics unique to coupled NPP systems. It is believed that the findings and insights learned from this program will be useful in developing new acceptance criteria and providing guidance for future regulatory activities involving license applications of these alternate methods to coupled systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xu@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 228 IS 1-3 BP 345 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.06.019 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 779FE UT WOS:000189284000027 ER PT J AU Nakamura, Y Suzuki, Y Yamagishi, O Kondo, K Nakajima, N Hayashi, T Monticello, DA Reiman, AH AF Nakamura, Y Suzuki, Y Yamagishi, O Kondo, K Nakajima, N Hayashi, T Monticello, DA Reiman, AH TI MHD equilibrium and pressure driven instability in L=1 heliotron plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID BALLOONING INSTABILITIES; MODES AB Free boundary MHD equilibrium properties of Heliotron J are investigated by VMEC, HINT and PIES codes, and ideal MHD stability properties are studied by the Mercier criterion, the ballooning mode equation and the CAS3D global stability code. It is shown by the equilibrium calculations that the change of the plasma boundary shape is substantial in a low shear helical system even if beta is relatively low. Preliminary comparison between PIES results and HINT results shows that the beta value at which the magnetic island begins to be perceptible is almost the same in both codes, but the island width seems to be different. It is considered that the difference comes from a difference of pressure distribution in real space which is determined through each numerical algorithm. In the stability analysis, the effect of the global magnetic shear on the three-dimensional or helical ballooning mode whose mode structure shows strong poloidal and toroidal mode (helical mode) coupling is investigated. It is found that the positive shear of the rotational transform is favourable for the three-dimensional ballooning mode stability in a low shear helical system. C1 Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Nakamura, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM nakamura@energy.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 BP 387 EP 394 AR PII S0029-5515(04)74346-X DI 10.1088//0029-5515/44/3/002 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 807MA UT WOS:000220504400003 ER PT J AU Ono, M Peng, M Kessel, C Neumeyer, C Schmidt, J Chrzanowski, J Darrow, D Grisham, L Heitzenroeder, P Jarboe, T Jun, C Kaye, S Menard, J Raman, R Stevenson, T Viola, M Wilson, J Woolley, R Zatz, I AF Ono, M Peng, M Kessel, C Neumeyer, C Schmidt, J Chrzanowski, J Darrow, D Grisham, L Heitzenroeder, P Jarboe, T Jun, C Kaye, S Menard, J Raman, R Stevenson, T Viola, M Wilson, J Woolley, R Zatz, I TI Next-step spherical torus experiment and spherical torus strategy in the course of development of fusion energy SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON SOURCE; NSTX; BETA; PLASMAS AB A spherical torus (ST) fusion energy development path which is complementary to the proposed tokamak burning plasma experiments such as ITER is described. The ST strategy focuses on a compact component test facility (CTF) and high performance advanced regimes leading to more attractive Demo and power plant scale reactors. To provide the physical basis for the CTF an intermediate step needs to be taken, which we refer to as the 'next-step spherical torus' (NSST) device and which we examine in some detail herein. NSST is a 'performance extension' stage ST with a plasma current of 5-10 MA, R = 1.5 m, B-T less than or equal to 2.6 T and the possibility of varying physical parameters. The mission of NSST is to (1) provide a sufficient physical basis for the design of a CTF; (2) explore advanced operating scenarios with high bootstrap current fraction and high performance which can be utilized by CTF, Demo, and power plants; and (3) contribute to the general science of high beta toroidal plasmas. The NSST is designed to utilize a TFTR-like site to minimize the cost and time required for design and construction. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mono@pppl.gov OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 2004 VL 44 IS 3 BP 452 EP 463 AR PII S0029-5515(04)75942-6 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/3/011 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 807MA UT WOS:000220504400012 ER PT J AU Schultz, LJ Borozdin, KN Gomez, JJ Hogan, GE McGill, JA Morris, CL Priedhorsky, WC Saunders, A Teasdale, ME AF Schultz, LJ Borozdin, KN Gomez, JJ Hogan, GE McGill, JA Morris, CL Priedhorsky, WC Saunders, A Teasdale, ME TI Image reconstruction and material Z discrimination via cosmic ray muon radiography SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; muons; radiography; tomography; contraband detection ID SCATTERING; CHAMBERS AB Highly penetrating cosmic ray muons shower the Earth at the rate of 10,000 m(-2) min(-1) at sea level. In our previous work (Nature 422 (2003) 277; Rev. Sci. Instr. 74(10) (2003) 4294; Cosmic Ray Muon Radiography for Contraband Detection, in: Proceedings of AccApp'03, San Diego, CA, June 2003), we presented a novel muon radiography technique which exploits the multiple Coulomb scattering of these particles for nondestructive inspection without the use of artificial radiation. In this paper, we describe the concept of and theory behind cosmic ray muon radiography. We discuss the information carried by the scattered muons and our approaches for exploiting that information with image reconstruction algorithms. We discuss preliminary and advanced reconstruction algorithms, which take advantage of the scattering angle, scattering location, and locations where strongly scattered muons cross paths. Our algorithms are validated with both experimental demonstrations and Monte Carlo simulations. Based upon the results from both the experiment and simulations, we conclude that scattering muon radiography can be useful for both material discrimination and fast (minute order) detection of compact high-Z objects. Our ray-crossing algorithm, which highlights locations where strongly scattered muons cross paths, is effective even in the presence of a medium-Z background matrix. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Schultz, LJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bikini Atoll Rd,P25MS H846, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM schultz@lanl.gov OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 13 TC 89 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 519 IS 3 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.035 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 802FU UT WOS:000220150200016 ER PT J AU Kronfeld, AS AF Kronfeld, AS TI Heavy quarks and lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; STATIC AXIAL CURRENT; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; NONPERTURBATIVE RENORMALIZATION; WILSON FERMIONS; LIGHT MESONS; FORM-FACTORS; GAUGE-THEORY; PHYSICS; LAGRANGIANS AB This paper is a review of heavy quarks in lattice gauge theory, focusing on methodology. It includes a status report on some of the calculations that are relevant to heavy-quark spectroscopy and to flavor physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Phys Theor, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Phys Theor, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 72 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 46 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.084 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100006 ER PT J AU Dawson, C AF Dawson, C TI Dynamical domain wall fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID LATTICE AB We report on an exploratory study of N-f = 2 dynamical domain wall fermions and the DBW2 gauge action at weak coupling. Details of improved simulation algorithms and preliminary results for the hadron spectrum and renormalised light and strange quark masses will be presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dawson, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Bldg 510a, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.096 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100018 ER PT J AU Bar, O Rupak, G Shoresh, N AF Bar, O Rupak, G Shoresh, N TI Chiral perturbation theory for lattice QCD at O(a(2)) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID CONTINUUM-LIMIT AB The O(a(2)) contributions to the chiral effective Lagrangian for lattice QCD with Wilson fermions are constructed. The results are generalized to partially quenched QCD with Wilson fermions as well as to the "mixed" lattice theory with Wilson sea quarks and Ginsparg-Wilson valence quarks. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Bar, O (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 185 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.102 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100024 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, FX Mathur, N Morningstar, C Peardon, M Young, BL Zhang, JB AF Chen, Y Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, FX Mathur, N Morningstar, C Peardon, M Young, BL Zhang, JB TI Glueball matrix elements on anisotropic lattices SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB The glueball-to-vacuum matrix elements of local gluonic operators in scalar, tensor, and pseudoscalar channels are investigated numerically on several anisotropic lattices with the spatial lattice spacing in the range 0.1fm - 0.2fm. These matrix elements are needed to predict the glueball branching ratios in J/psi radiative decays which will help to identify the glueball states in experiments. Two types of improved local gluonic operators are constructed for a self-consistent check, and the finite volume effects are also studied. The lattice spacing dependence of our results is very small and the continuum limits are reliably extrapolated. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Math, Dublin 2, Ireland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RI Morningstar, Colin/N-6925-2014; OI Morningstar, Colin/0000-0002-0607-9923; Peardon, Michael/0000-0002-4199-6284 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 203 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.108 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100030 ER PT J AU Bonnet, FDR Edwards, RG Fleming, GT Lewis, R Richards, DG AF Bonnet, FDR Edwards, RG Fleming, GT Lewis, R Richards, DG TI The pion electromagnetic form factor SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB A ratio of lattice correlation functions is identified from which the pion form factor can be obtained directly. Preliminary results from quenched Wilson simulations are presented. C1 Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bonnet, FDR (reprint author), Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 206 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.109 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100031 ER PT J AU Basak, S Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, G Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S AF Basak, S Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, G Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S TI Mass spectrum of N* and source optimization SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID LATTICE; MATRIX AB We have computed correlation functions for nucleons and extracted the masses for positive- and negative-parities. Use of group theory plays an important role in obtaining sources that have good overlap to higher spin states and minimum contamination from unwanted states. In the simulation three distinct sources and corresponding sinks that transform according to the G, irreducible representations are tested and used to form matrices of correlation functions. Diagonalizations give us clear mass splittings between low-lying states and excited states for both parities. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Basak, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013; Morningstar, Colin/N-6925-2014; OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167; Morningstar, Colin/0000-0002-0607-9923; Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 209 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.110 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100032 ER PT J AU Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, G Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S AF Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, G Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S TI Baryonic operators for lattice simulations SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB The construction of baryonic operators for determining the N* excitation spectrum is discussed. The operators are designed with one eye towards maximizing overlaps with the low-lying states of interest, and the other eye towards minimizing the number of sources needed in computing the required quark propagators. issues related to spin identification are outlined. Although we focus on tri-quark baryon operators, the construction method is applicable to both mesons and penta quark operators. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Edwards, R (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013; Morningstar, Colin/N-6925-2014; OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167; Morningstar, Colin/0000-0002-0607-9923; Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.119 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100041 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T Fleming, GT Kilcup, G Gupta, R Lee, W Sharpe, S AF Bhattacharya, T Fleming, GT Kilcup, G Gupta, R Lee, W Sharpe, S TI Calculating weak matrix elements using HYP staggered fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB We present preliminary results of weak matrix elements relevant to CP violation calculated using the HYP (II) staggered fermions. Since the complete set of matching coefficients at the one-loop level became available recently, we have constructed lattice operators with all the g corrections included. The main results include both DeltaI = 3/2 and DeltaI = 1/2 contributions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bhattacharya, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-B285,T-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 257 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.125 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100047 ER PT J AU Izubuchi, T AF Izubuchi, T TI B-K from two-flavor dynamical domain wall fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB We report preliminary results from an ongoing calculation of B-K for N-f = 2 dynamical QCD with domain wall fermions. Simulations have been done with three dynamical quark masses on 16(3) x 32 volumes with L-s = 12, where the lattice spacing is a(-1) = 1.81(6). Using measurements on similar to 70 lattices for each dynamical mass and extrapolating m(dyn) = m(val) to the kaon point, we find B-K(MS) (mu = 2GeV) = 0.503(20). C1 Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 266 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.128 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100050 ER PT J AU Noaki, J AF Noaki, J TI Calcutation of kaon matrix elements in quenched domain-wall QCD with DBW2 gauge action SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID TO-LEADING ORDER AB We give a progress report of our new a(-1) approximate to 3 GeV quenched calculation of kaon matrix elements with domain-wall fermion and DBW2 gauge action. Our smaller lattice spacing allows its to address the effect of charmed quark on the lattice. We show preliminary results of B-K renonnalized non-perturbatively and K --> pi matrix elements. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Noaki, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 269 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.129 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100051 ER PT J AU Ohta, S Orginos, K AF Ohta, S Orginos, K TI Nucleon axial charge and structure functions with domain wall fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID LATTICE QCD; CHIRAL FERMIONS AB We report the current status of RBCK calculations on nucleon structure with both quenched and unquenched lattice QCD. The combination of domain wall fermions and DBW2 gauge action works well for isovector vector and axial charges, and moments of structure functions (q), d(1), and <1>(deltaq). C1 KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ohta, S (reprint author), KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. OI Orginos, Kostas/0000-0002-3535-7865 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 296 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.138 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100060 ER PT J AU Nemoto, Y AF Nemoto, Y TI Pion electromagnetic form-factor with domain wall fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID LATTICE QCD AB Motivated by recent measurements at J-Lab, the pion electromagnetic form-factor is investigated with quenched domain wall fermions and a renormalization group improved gauge action called DBW2. We see that quark mass dependence of the form-factor with finite momentum transfers is rather small. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nemoto, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 299 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.139 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100061 ER PT J AU Aoki, Y AF Aoki, Y TI Nucleon decay with domain-wall fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID PROTON-DECAY; OPERATORS AB We report on our on-going project to calculate the nucleon decay matrix elements with domain-wall fermions. Operator mixing is discussed employing a non-perturbative renormalization. Bare matrix elements of all the possible decay modes induced by the dimension-six operators are calculated with the direct method, which are compared with the indirect calculation using chiral perturbation theory. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Aoki, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 305 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.141 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100063 ER PT J AU di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Menscher, DP Oktay, MB Okamoto, M Simone, JN AF di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Menscher, DP Oktay, MB Okamoto, M Simone, JN TI D-s spectrum and leptonic decays with Fermilab heavy quarks and improved staggered light quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB We present preliminary results for the D-s meson spectrum and decay constants in unquenched lattice QCD. Simulations are carried out with 2 + 1 dynamical quarks using gauge configurations generated by the MILC collaboration. We use the "asqtad" a(2) improved staggered action for the light quarks, and the clover heavy quark action with the Fermilab interpretation. We compare our spectrum results with the newly discovered 0(+) and 1(+) states in the D-s system. C1 Depaul Univ, Sch Comp Sci Telecommun & Informat Syst, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP di Pierro, M (reprint author), Depaul Univ, Sch Comp Sci Telecommun & Informat Syst, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM mackenzie@fnal.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 328 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.148 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100070 ER PT J AU Okamoto, M di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Menscher, DP Oktay, MB Simone, JN AF Okamoto, M di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Menscher, DP Oktay, MB Simone, JN TI Semileptonic decays of D mesons in unquenched lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB We present our preliminary results for semileptonic form factors of D mesons in unquenched lattice QCD. Simulations are carried out with n(f) = 2 + 1 dynamical quarks using gauge configurations generated by the MILC collaboration. For the valence quarks, we adopt an improved staggered light quark action and the clover heavy quark action. Our results for D --> K and D --> pi form factors at q(2) = 0 are in agreement with the experimental values. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Depaul Univ, Sch Comp Sci Telecommun & Informat Syst, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Okamoto, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 334 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.150 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100072 ER PT J AU di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Menscher, DP Oktay, MB Okamoto, M Simone, JN AF di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Menscher, DP Oktay, MB Okamoto, M Simone, JN TI Properties of charmonium in lattice QCD with 2+1 flavors of improved staggered sea quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB We use the dynamical gluon configurations provided by the MILC collaboration in a study of the charmonium spectrum and psi leptonic width. we examine sea quark effects on mass splitting and on the leptonic decay matrix element for light masses as low as m(s)/5, while keeping the strange quark mass fixed and the lattice spacing nearly constant. C1 Depaul Univ, Sch Comp Sci Telecommun & Informat Sci, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP di Pierro, M (reprint author), Depaul Univ, Sch Comp Sci Telecommun & Informat Sci, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. EM simone@fnal.gov NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 340 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.152 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100074 ER PT J AU Oktay, MB El-Khadra, AX Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB AF Oktay, MB El-Khadra, AX Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB TI A more improved lattice action for heavy quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID CONTINUUM-LIMIT; FERMIONS AB We extend the Fermilab formalism for heavy quarks to develop a more improved action. We give results of matching calculations of the improvement couplings at tree level. Finally, we estimate the discretization errors associated with the new action. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Oktay, MB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 349 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.155 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100077 ER PT J AU Onogi, T Aoki, S Fukugita, M Hashimoto, S Ishikawa, KI Ishizuka, N Iwasaki, Y Kanaya, K Kaneko, T Kuramashi, Y Okawa, M Tsutsui, N Ukawa, A Yamada, N Yoshib, T AF Onogi, T Aoki, S Fukugita, M Hashimoto, S Ishikawa, KI Ishizuka, N Iwasaki, Y Kanaya, K Kaneko, T Kuramashi, Y Okawa, M Tsutsui, N Ukawa, A Yamada, N Yoshib, T TI Heavy-light decay constants for B and D mesons in n(f)=2 unquenched QCD in Fermilab formalism SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB We report our calculation of the heavy-light decay constants f(B) and f(D) on a 203 x 48 lattice at beta = 5.2 with n(f) = 2 sea quarks by the fully O(a)-improved Wilson fermion and heavy quarks in Fermilab formalism. We find that the B meson decay constants are consistent with those obtained with the NRQCD formalism. It is shown that the quark mass dependence almost cancels in the B/D ratio of the decay constant so that the systematic errors in the chiral extrapolation can be reduced. Taking the Grinstein ratio, remaining uncertainties from the perturbation and discretization also cancel to give a precise prediction Of (f(Bs)/f(Bd))/(f(Ds)/f(Dd)) of 1% accuracy. C1 Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068571, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Onogi, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068571, Japan. RI Ukawa, Akira/A-6549-2011; Kuramashi, Yoshinobu /C-8637-2016 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 373 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.163 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100085 ER PT J AU Yamada, N AF Yamada, N TI Application of DWF to heavy-light mesons SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID LATTICE QCD; CHIRAL FERMIONS; QUARK PHYSICS AB We consider application of domain wall fermions to quarks with relatively heavy masses, aiming at precision calculations of charmed meson properties. Preliminary results for a few basic quantities are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yamada, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 376 EP 378 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.164 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100086 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T Gupta, R Lee, WJ Sharpe, SR Wu, JMS AF Bhattacharya, T Gupta, R Lee, WJ Sharpe, SR Wu, JMS TI Improved bilinears in unquenched lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID NONPERTURBATIVE RENORMALIZATION-CONSTANTS; WARD IDENTITIES AB We summarize the extent to which one can use Ward identities (WI) to nou-perturbatively improve flavor singlet and non-singlet bilinears with three flavors of non-degenerate dynamical Wilson-like fermions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bhattacharya, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 441 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.185 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100107 ER PT J AU Ishikawa, KI Aoki, S Fukugita, M Hashimoto, S Ishizuka, N Iwasaki, Y Kanaya, K Kaneko, T Kuramashi, Y Lesk, V Okawa, M Tsutsui, N Ukawa, A Umeda, T Yamada, N Yoshie, T AF Ishikawa, KI Aoki, S Fukugita, M Hashimoto, S Ishizuka, N Iwasaki, Y Kanaya, K Kaneko, T Kuramashi, Y Lesk, V Okawa, M Tsutsui, N Ukawa, A Umeda, T Yamada, N Yoshie, T TI Study of finite volume effects in the non-perturbative determination of c(SW) with the SF method in full three-flavor lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID O(A) IMPROVEMENT AB The non-perturbative c(sw) determined by the Schrodinger functional (SF) method xvith the RG-improved gauge action in dynamical N-f = 3 QCD shows a finite volume effect when the numerical simulations are carried out, at a constant lattice size L/a. We remove the unwanted finite volume effect by keeping physical lattice extent L at a constant. The details of the method and the result obtained for non-perturbative c(sw) with a constant L are reported. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ishikawa, KI (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. RI Ukawa, Akira/A-6549-2011; Kuramashi, Yoshinobu /C-8637-2016 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 444 EP 446 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.186 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100108 ER PT J AU Berruto, F Garron, N Hoelbling, C Lellonch, L Rebbi, C Shoresh, N AF Berruto, F Garron, N Hoelbling, C Lellonch, L Rebbi, C Shoresh, N TI Preliminary results from a simulation of quenched QCD with overlap fermions on a large lattice SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID D-S-MESON; NONPERTURBATIVE RENORMALIZATION; CHIRAL FERMIONS; OPERATORS; SYMMETRY AB We simulate quenched QCD with the overlap Dirac operator. We work with the Wilson gauge action at beta = 6 on an 18(3) x 64 lattice. We calculate quark propagators for a single source point and quark mass ranging from amq = 0.03 to 0.75. We present here preliminary results based on the propagators for 60 gauge field configurations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ctr Theoret Phys, CNRS Luminy, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Hoelbling, Christian/0000-0001-5715-1086 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.191 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100113 ER PT J AU Sugihara, T AF Sugihara, T TI Chiral symmetry on a lattice with hopping interactions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID GINSPARG-WILSON RELATION; EXACTLY MASSLESS QUARKS; FERMIONS AB The species doubling problem of the lattice fermion is resolved by introducing hopping interactions that mix left- and right-handed fermions around the momentum boundary. Approximate chiral symmetry is realized on the lattice. The deviation of the fermion propagator from the continuum one is small. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sugihara, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 510 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.202 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100124 ER PT J AU Akemann, G Wettig, T AF Akemann, G Wettig, T TI Comparing matrix models and QCD lattice data with chemical potential SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID DENSITY AB we present a quantitative analysis of the microscopic Dirac spectrum which is complex in the presence of a nonvanishing quark chemical potential. Data from quenched SU(3) lattice simulations for different volumes V and small values of the chemical potential mu are compared to analytical predictions from matrix models. we confirm the existence of two distinct limits for weakly and strongly nonhermitian Dirac operators. Good agreement is found in both limits, confirming the different scaling of chemical potential and eigenvalues with the volume. C1 CNRS, Serv Phys Theor,CEA,DSM,, SPhT Saclay,Unite Assocciee, CNRS,SPM,Ura 2306, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Akemann, G (reprint author), CNRS, Serv Phys Theor,CEA,DSM,, SPhT Saclay,Unite Assocciee, CNRS,SPM,Ura 2306, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 527 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.207 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100129 ER PT J AU Kogut, JB Sinclair, DK AF Kogut, JB Sinclair, DK TI Lattice QCD at finite isospin density and/or temperature SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB We simulate two-flavour lattice QCD with at a finite chemical potential mu(1) for isospin, and finite temperature. At small mu(1), we determine the position of the crossover from hadronic matter to a quark-gluon plasma as a function of mu(1). At larger mu(1) we observe the phase transition from the superfluid pion-condensed phase to a quark-gluon plasma, noting its change from second order to first order as mu(1) is increased. We also simulate two-flavour lattice QCD at zero quark mass, using an action which includes an additional 4-fermion interaction, at temperatures close to the chiral transition on N-t = 8 lattices. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kogut, JB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 542 EP 544 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.212 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100134 ER PT J AU Kaczmarek, O Karsch, F Petreczky, P Zantow, F AF Kaczmarek, O Karsch, F Petreczky, P Zantow, F TI Heavy quark free energies, potentials and the renornialized Polyakov loop SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB We discuss the renormalized free energy of a heavy quark anti-quark pair in the color singlet channel for quenched and full QCD at finite temperature. The temperature and mass dependence, as well as its short distance behavior is analyzed. Using the free energies we calculate the heavy quark potential and entropy in quenched QCD. The asymptotic large distance behavior of the free energy is used to define the non-perturbatively renormalized Polyakov loop which is well behaved in the continuum limit. String breaking is studied in the color singlet channel in 2-flavor QCD. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kaczmarek, O (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. RI Kaczmarek, Olaf/E-9932-2011 NR 6 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 560 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.218 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100140 ER PT J AU Berruto, F Narayanan, R Neuberger, H AF Berruto, F Narayanan, R Neuberger, H TI Analysis of finite temperature phase transition using level spacing SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; DECONFINEMENT TRANSITION AB Let B be the largest spacing between adjacent eigenvalues of the Polyakov loop. We propose to employ the distribution of B as an order parameter for the finite temperature phase transition in SU(N) lattice gauge theories. Using smeared links to reduce ultraviolet fluctuations, we carry out a test for the gauge group SU(3). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Berruto, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 575 EP 577 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.223 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100145 ER PT J AU Petreczky, P Datta, S Karsch, F Wetzorke, I AF Petreczky, P Datta, S Karsch, F Wetzorke, I TI Charmonium at finite temperature SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB We study charmoinum correlators and spectral functions at finite temperature within the quenched approximation using isotropic lattices with lattice spacing a(-1) = 4.86 GeV and 9.72 GeV. Although we observe some medium modifications of the ground state charmonium spectral function above deconfinement, we find that ground state charmonia (J/psi and eta(c)) exist in the deconfined phase at least up to temperatures as high as 1.5T(c). P-wave charmonia (X) on the other hand are dissociated already at 1.12T(c). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. DESY, NIC, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. RP Petreczky, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 596 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.230 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100152 ER PT J AU Stickan, S Karsch, F Laermann, E Petreczky, P AF Stickan, S Karsch, F Laermann, E Petreczky, P TI Free meson spectral functions on the lattice SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID QCD AB We present results from an analytic calculation of thermal meson spectral functions in the infinite temperature (free field) limit. We compare spectral functions for various lattice fermion formulations used at present in studies of in-medium properties of hadrons based on the maximum entropy method (MEM). In particular, we will present a new calculation of spectral functions performed with extended quark sources. C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 599 EP 601 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.231 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100153 ER PT J AU Horvath, I Dong, SJ Draper, T Lee, FX Liu, KF Mathur, N Zhang, JB Thacker, HB AF Horvath, I Dong, SJ Draper, T Lee, FX Liu, KF Mathur, N Zhang, JB Thacker, HB TI Low-dimensional long-range topological structure in the QCD vacuum SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID CHIRAL GAUGE-THEORIES; LATTICE; ULTRALOCALITY AB Lattice topological charge associated with Ginsparg-Wilson fermions exhibits generic topological stability over quantum ensemble of configurations contributing to the QCD path integral. Moreover, the underlying chiral symmetry leads to the suppression of ultraviolet noise in the associated topological charge densities ( "claral smoothing"). This provides a solid foundation for the direct study of the role of topological charge fluctuations in the physics of QCD vacuum. Using these tools it was recently demonstrated that: (a) there is a well-defined space-time structure (order) in topological charge density (defined through overlap fermions) for typical configurations contributing to QCD path integral; (b) this fundamental structure is low-dimensional, exhibiting sign-coherent behavior on subsets of dimension less than four and not less than one; (c) the structure has a long-range global character (spreading over maximal space-time distances) and is built around the locally one-dimensional network of strong fields (skeleton). In this talk we elaborate on certain aspects and implications of these results. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 677 EP 679 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.255 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100177 ER PT J AU Di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Okamoto, M Oktay, MB Simone, JN AF Di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Okamoto, M Oktay, MB Simone, JN CA FermiQCD Collaboration TI www.fermiqcd.net SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys C1 Depaul Univ, Sch Comp Sci Telecommun & Informat Syst, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Di Pierro, M (reprint author), Depaul Univ, Sch Comp Sci Telecommun & Informat Syst, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 832 EP 834 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.304 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100226 ER PT J AU Boyle, PA Chen, D Christ, NH Clark, M Cohen, SD Cristian, C Dong, Z Gara, A Joo, B Jung, C Kim, C Levkova, L Liao, X Liu, G Mawhinney, RD Ohta, S Petrov, K Wettig, T Yamaguchi, A AF Boyle, PA Chen, D Christ, NH Clark, M Cohen, SD Cristian, C Dong, Z Gara, A Joo, B Jung, C Kim, C Levkova, L Liao, X Liu, G Mawhinney, RD Ohta, S Petrov, K Wettig, T Yamaguchi, A TI Hardware and software status of QCDOC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB QCDOC is a massively parallel supercomputer whose processing nodes are based on an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). This ASlC was custom-designed so that crucial lattice QCD kernels achieve an overall sustained performance of 50% on machines with several 10,000 nodes. This strong scalability, together with low power consumption and a price/performance ratio of $1 per sustained MFlops, enable QCDOC to attack the most demanding lattice QCD problems. The first ASICs became available in June of 2003, and the testing performed so far has shown all systems functioning according to specification. We review the hardware and software status of QCDOC and present performance figures obtained in real hardware as well as in simulation. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KEK, Inst Part & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Boyle, PA (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. OI Cohen, Saul/0000-0001-6804-3320 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 838 EP 843 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.306 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100228 ER PT J AU Draper, T Dong, SJ Horvath, I Lee, F Mathur, N Zhang, JB AF Draper, T Dong, SJ Horvath, I Lee, F Mathur, N Zhang, JB TI An algorithm for obtaining reliable priors for constrained-curve fits SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB We introduce the "Sequential Empirical Bayes 'Method", an adaptive constrained-curve fitting procedure for extracting reliable priors. These are then used in standard augmented-chi-square fits on separate data. This better stabilizes fits to lattice QCD overlap-fermion data at very low quark mass where a priori values are not otherwise known. We illustrate the efficacy of the method with data from overlap fermions, on a quenched 16 3 x 28 lattice with spatial size La = 3.2 fm and pion mass as low as similar to 180 MeV. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Draper, T (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 844 EP 846 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphsbps.2003.12.307 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100229 ER PT J AU Blum, T AF Blum, T TI Lattice calculation of the lowest order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment: an update with Kogut-Susskind fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB I present a preliminary calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization for 2+1 flavors of improved Kogut-Susskind quarks by utilizing a set of gauge configurations recently generated by the MILC collaboration. The polarization function Pi(q(2)) is then used to calculate the lowest order (in alpha(QED)) hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blum, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 904 EP 906 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.326 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100248 ER PT J AU Schroers, W Brower, RC Dreher, P Edwards, R Fleming, G Hagler, P Heller, UM Lippert, T Negele, JW Pochinsky, AV Renner, DB Richards, D Schilling, K AF Schroers, W Brower, RC Dreher, P Edwards, R Fleming, G Hagler, P Heller, UM Lippert, T Negele, JW Pochinsky, AV Renner, DB Richards, D Schilling, K CA LHPC SESAM Collaborations TI Moments of nucleon spin-dependent generalized parton distributions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys ID QCD AB We present a lattice measurement of the first two moments of the spin-dependent GPD (H) over tilde (x,xi, t). From these we obtain the axial coupling constant and the second moment of the spin-dependent forward parton distribution. The measurements are done in full QCD using Wilson fermions. In addition, we also present results from a first exploratory study of full QCD using Asqtad sea and domain-wall valence fermions. C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Amer Phys Soc, New York, NY 11961 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Schroers, W (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013; OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167; Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 907 EP 909 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.327 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100249 ER PT J AU Negele, J Brower, RC Dreher, P Edwards, R Fleming, G Hagler, P Lippert, T Pochinsky, AV Renner, DB Richards, D Schilling, K Schroers, W AF Negele, J Brower, RC Dreher, P Edwards, R Fleming, G Hagler, P Lippert, T Pochinsky, AV Renner, DB Richards, D Schilling, K Schroers, W CA LHPC SESAM Collborations TI Insight into nucleon structure from generalized parton distributions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUL 15-19, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Univ Tsukuba, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys AB The lowest three moments of generalized parton distributions are calculated in full QCD and provide new insight into the behavior of nucleon electromagnetic form factors, the origin of the nucleon spin, and the transverse structure of the nucleon. C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Negele, J (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 129 BP 910 EP 912 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2003.12.328 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 807BX UT WOS:000220478100250 ER PT J AU O'Hara, J AF O'Hara, J TI Plant modernization programs SO NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP O'Hara, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EQES INC PI GLEN ELLYN PA 799 ROOSEVELT RD, BUILDING 6, STE 208, GLEN ELLYN, IL 60137-5925 USA SN 0892-2055 J9 NUCL PLANT J JI Nucl. Plant J. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 984CH UT WOS:000233279600025 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Hill, RN Taiwo, TA Khalil, HS AF Yang, WS Hill, RN Taiwo, TA Khalil, HS TI Long-lived fission product transmutation studies SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION AB A systematic study on long-lived fission products (LLFPs) transmutation has been performed with the aim of devising an optimal strategy for their transmutation in critical or subcritical reactor systems and evaluating impacts on the geologic repository. First, Tc-99 and I-129 were confirmed to have highest transmutation priorities in terms of transmutability and long-term radiological risk reduction. Then, the transmutation potentials of thermal and fast systems for Tc-99 and I-129 were evaluated by considering a typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) core and a sodium-cooled accelerator transmutation of waste system. To determine the best transmutation capabilities, various target design and loading optimization studies were performed It was found that both Tc-99 and I-129 can be stabilized (i.e., zero net production) in the same PWR core under current design constraints by mixing Tc-99 with fuel and by loading CaI2 target pins mixed with ZrH2 in guide tubes, but the PWR option appears to have a limited applicability as a burner of legacy LLFP. In fast systems, loading of moderated LLFP target assemblies in the core periphery (reflector region) was found to be preferable from the viewpoint of neutron economy and safety. By a simultaneous loading of Tc-99 and I-129 target assemblies in the reflector region, the self-generated Tc-99 and I-129 as well as the amount produced by several PWR cores could be consumed at a cost of similar to10% increased fuel inventory. Discharge burnups of similar to29 and similar to37% are achieved for Tc-99 and I-129 target assemblies with an similar to5-yr irradiation period. Based on these results, the impacts of Tc-99 and I-129 transmutation on the Yucca mountain repository were assessed in terms of the dose rate. The current Yucca Mountain release evaluations do not indicate a compelling need to transmute Tc-99 and I-129 because the resulting dose rates fall well below current regulatory limits. However, elimination of the LLFP inventory could allow significant relaxation of the waste form and container performance criteria, with associated economic benefits. Therefore, some development of either specialized waste form or transmutation target for the LLFP is prudent, especially considering the potential accumulation of large LLFP inventory with sustained use of nuclear energy into the future. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305600, South Korea. RP Yang, WS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wyang@rae.anl.gov RI Kim, Yong Hee/G-4722-2010; OI Yang, Won Sik/0000-0003-0734-6023 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 146 IS 3 BP 291 EP 318 PG 28 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 801ET UT WOS:000220079900003 ER PT J AU Broadhead, BL Rearden, BT Hopper, CM AF Broadhead, BL Rearden, BT Hopper, CM TI Sensitivity- and uncertainty-based criticality safety validation techniques SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RATIOS AB The theoretical basis for the application of sensitivity and uncertainty (S/U) analysis methods to the validation of benchmark data sets for use in criticality safety applications is developed Sensitivity analyses produce energy-dependent sensitivity coefficients that give the relative change in the system multiplication factor k(eff) value as a function of relative changes in the cross-section data by isotope, reaction, and energy. Integral indices are then developed that utilize the sensitivity information to quantify similarities between pairs of systems, typically a benchmark experiment and design system. Uncertainty analyses provide an estimate of the uncertainties in the calculated values of the system keff due to cross-section uncertainties, as well as correlation in the keff uncertainties between systems. These uncertainly correlations provide an additional measure of system similarity. The use of the similarity measures from both S/U analyses in the formal determination of areas of applicability for benchmark experiments is developed Furthermore, the use of these similarity measures as a trending parameter for the estimation of the computational bias and uncertainty is explored The S/U analysis results, along with the calculated and measured keff values and estimates of uncertainties in the measurements, were used in this work to demonstrate application of the generalized linear-least-squares methodology (GLLSM) to data validation for criticality safety studies. An illustrative example is used to demonstrate the application of these S/U analysis procedures to actual criticality safety problems. Computational biases, uncertainties, and the upper subcritical limit for the example applications are determined with the new methods and compared to those obtained through traditional criticality safety analysis validation techniques The GLLSM procedure is also applied to determine cutoff values for the similarity indices such that applicability of a benchmark experiment to a criticality safety design system can be assured Additionally, the GLLSM procedure is used to determine how many applicable benchmark experiments exceeding a certain degree of similarity are necessary for an accurate assessment of the computational bias. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rearden, BT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reardenb@ornl.gov OI Parks, Cecil/0000-0003-0323-8447 NR 28 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 146 IS 3 BP 340 EP 366 PG 27 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 801ET UT WOS:000220079900005 ER PT J AU Rearden, BT AF Rearden, BT TI Perturbation theory eigenvalue sensitivity analysis with Monte Carlo techniques SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Methodologies to calculate adjoint-based first-order-linear perturbation theory sensitivity coefficients with multigroup Monte Carlo methods are developed, implemented, and tested in this paper. These techniques can quickly produce sensitivity coefficients for all nuclides and reaction types for each region of a system model. Monte Carlo techniques have been developed to calculate the neutron flux moments and/or angular fluxes necessary for the generation of the scattering terms of the sensitivity coefficients. The Tools for Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis Methodology Implementation in three dimensions (TSUNAMI-3D) control module has been written for the Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation (SCALE) code system implementing this methodology. TSUNAMI-3D performs automated multigroup cross-section processing and then generates the forward and adjoint neutron fluxes with an enhanced version of the KENO V a Monte Carlo code that implements the flux moment and angular flux calculational techniques. Sensitivity coefficients are generated with the newly developed Sensitivity Analysis Module for SCALE (SAMS). Results generated with TSUNAMI-3D compare favorably with results generated with direct perturbation techniques. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rearden, BT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reardenb@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 146 IS 3 BP 367 EP 382 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 801ET UT WOS:000220079900006 ER PT J AU Jarrell, DB Sisk, DR Bond, LJ AF Jarrell, DB Sisk, DR Bond, LJ TI Prognostics and condition-based maintenance: A new approach to precursive metrics SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Advanced Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP) CY JUN 09-13, 2002 CL Hollywood, FL DE condition-based maintenance; stressor-based correlation; prognostics AB The assumptions used in the design basis of process equipment have always been as much art as science. The usually imprecise boundaries of the equipments' operational envelope provide opportunities for two major improvements in the operations and maintenance (O&M) of process machinery: (a) the actual versus intended machine environment can be understood and brought into much better alignment and (b) the end goal can define O&M strategies in terms of life cycle and economic management of plant assets. Scientists at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) have performed experiments aimed at understanding and controlling aging of both safety-specific nuclear plant components and the infrastructure that supports essential plant processes. In this paper we examine the development of aging precursor metrics and their correlation with degradation rate and projected machinery failure. Degradation-specific correlations have been developed at PNNL that will allow accurate physics-based diagnostic and prognostic determinations to be derived from a new view of condition-based maintenance. This view, founded in root cause analysis, is focused on quantifying the primary stressor(s) responsible for degradation in the component of interest and formulating a deterministic relationship between the stressor intensity and the resulting degradation rate. This precursive relationship between the performance, degradation, and underlying stressor set is used to gain a first-principles approach to prognostic determinations. A holistic infrastructure approach, as applied through a conditions-based maintenance framework, will allow intelligent, automated diagnostic and prognostic programming to provide O&M practitioners with an understanding of the condition of their machinery today and an assurance of its operational state tomorrow. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jarrell, DB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM don.jarrell@pnl.gov RI Lin, Zhao/C-8319-2011 OI Lin, Zhao/0000-0002-6131-9723 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 145 IS 3 BP 275 EP 286 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 803NE UT WOS:000220237000006 ER PT J AU Willse, A Straub, TM Wunschel, SC Small, JA Call, DR Daly, DS Chandler, DP AF Willse, A Straub, TM Wunschel, SC Small, JA Call, DR Daly, DS Chandler, DP TI Quantitative oligonucleotide microarray fingerprinting of Salmonella enterica isolates SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; UNITED-STATES; STRAINS; PCR; XANTHOMONAS; POPULATIONS; PATHOVARS; SEQUENCES; HUMANS; ARRAYS AB We report on a genome-independent microbial fingerprinting method using nucleic acid microarrays for microbial forensics and epidemiology applications and demonstrate that the microarray method provides high resolution differentiation between closely related microorganisms, using Salmonella enterica strains as the test case. In replicate trials we used a simple 192 probe nonamer array to construct a fingerprint library of 25 closely related Salmonella isolates. Controlling false discovery rate for multiple testing at alpha = 0.05, at least 295 of 300 pairs of S.enterica isolate fingerprints were found to be statistically distinct using a modified Hotelling T-2 test. Although most pairs of Salmonella fingerprints are found to be distinct, forensic applications will also require a protocol for library construction and reliable microbial classification against a fingerprint library. We outline additional steps required to produce such a protocol. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Stat & Quantitat Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chandler, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, Bldg 202,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dchandler@anl.gov NR 27 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1848 EP 1856 DI 10.1093/nar/gkh329 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 807FK UT WOS:000220487200032 PM 15037662 ER PT J AU Arthur, LM Gustausson, K Hopfner, KP Carson, CT Stracker, TH Karcher, A Felton, D Weitzman, MD Tainer, J Carney, JP AF Arthur, LM Gustausson, K Hopfner, KP Carson, CT Stracker, TH Karcher, A Felton, D Weitzman, MD Tainer, J Carney, JP TI Structural and functional analysis of Mre11-3 SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRAND BREAK REPAIR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DNA-REPAIR; ATM ACTIVATION; COMPLEX; NUCLEASE; YEAST; RECOMBINATION; MEIOSIS; PROTEIN AB The Mre11, Rad50 and Nbs1 proteins make up the conserved multi-functional Mre11 (MRN) complex involved in multiple, critical DNA metabolic processes including double-strand break repair and telomere maintenance. The Mre11 protein is a nuclease with broad substrate recognition, but MRN-dependent processes requiring the nuclease activity are not clearly defined. Here, we report the functional and structural characterization of a nuclease-deficient Mre11 protein termed mre11-3. Importantly, the hmre11-3 protein has wild-type ability to bind DNA, Rad50 and Nbs1; however, nuclease activity was completely abrogated. When expressed in cell lines from patients with ataxia telangiectasia-like disorder (ATLD), hmre11-3 restored the formation of ionizing radiation-induced foci. Consistent with the biochemical results, the 2.3 Angstrom crystal structure of mre11-3 from Pyrococcus furiosus revealed an active site structure with a wild-type-like metal-binding environment. The structural analysis of the H85L mutation provides a detailed molecular basis for the ability of mre11-3 to bind but not hydrolyze DNA. Together, these results establish that the mre11-3 protein provides an excellent system for dissecting nuclease-dependent and independent functions of the Mre11 complex. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Mol & Cell Biol Grad Program,Radiat Oncol Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Genet Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Munich, Gene Ctr, Munich, Germany. Univ Munich, Inst Biochem, Munich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carney, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Mol & Cell Biol Grad Program,Radiat Oncol Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM jcarney@som.umaryland.edu RI Hopfner, Karl-Peter/B-6864-2014; Stracker, Travis/I-2815-2015 OI Hopfner, Karl-Peter/0000-0002-4528-8357; Stracker, Travis/0000-0002-8650-2081 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA87851, CA92584, CA97093, P01 CA092584, R01 CA087851, R01 CA097093]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI43341] NR 27 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1886 EP 1893 DI 10.1093/nar/gkh343 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 813HP UT WOS:000220898500009 PM 15047855 ER PT J AU Austin, TM Manteuffel, TA McCormick, S AF Austin, TM Manteuffel, TA McCormick, S TI A robust multilevel approach for minimizing H(div)-dominated functionals in an H-1-conforming finite element space SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Copper Mountain Conference on Multigrid Methods CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2003 CL Copper Mt, CO DE finite elements; divergence free; multigrid methods ID EQUATION; H(DIV) AB The standard multigrid algorithm is widely known to yield optimal convergence whenever all high-frequency error components correspond to large relative eigenvalues. This property guarantees that smoothers like Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi will significantly dampen all the high-frequency error components, and thus, produce a smooth error. This has been established for matrices generated from standard discretizations of most elliptic equations. In this paper, we address a system of equations that is generated from a perturbation of the non-elliptic operator I - grad div by a negative epsilon Delta. For epsilon near to one, this operator is elliptic, but as g approaches zero, the operator becomes non-elliptic as it is dominated by its non-elliptic part. Previous research on the non-elliptic part has revealed that discretizing I - grad div with the proper finite element space allows one to define a robust geometric multigrid algorithm. The robustness of the multigrid algorithm depends on a relaxation operator that yields a smooth error. We use this research to assist in developing a robust discretization and solution method for the perturbed problem. To this end, we introduce a new finite element space for tensor product meshes that is used in the discretization, and a relaxation operator that succeeds in dampening all high-frequency error components. The success of the corresponding multigrid algorithm is first demonstrated by numerical results that quantitatively imply convergence for any c is bounded by the convergence for, equal to zero. Then we prove that convergence of this multigrid algorithm for the case of epsilon equal to zero is independent of mesh size. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Austin, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B284,T-7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM taustin@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 140 DI 10.1002/nla.373 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 808MP UT WOS:000220573500003 ER PT J AU Adams, MF AF Adams, MF TI Algebraic multigrid methods for constrained linear systems with applications to contact problems in solid mechanics SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Copper Mountain Conference on Multigrid Methods CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2003 CL Copper Mt, CO DE algebraic multigrid; multigrid methods; saddle point problems; parallel multigrid; contact contact in solid mechanics ID SADDLE-POINT PROBLEMS; FINITE-ELEMENT PROBLEMS; SMOOTHERS AB This paper develops a general framework for applying algebraic multigrid techniques to constrained systems of linear algebraic equations that arise in applications with discretized PDEs. We discuss constraint coarsening strategies for constructing multigrid coarse grid spaces and several classes of multigrid smoothers for these systems. The potential of these methods is investigated with their application to contact problems in solid mechanics. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Adams, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9417, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mfadams@ca.sandia.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1002/nla.374 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 808MP UT WOS:000220573500004 ER PT J AU Yang, UM AF Yang, UM TI On the use of relaxation parameters in hybrid smoothers SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Copper Mountain Conference on Multigrid Methods CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2003 CL Copper Mt, CO DE algebraic multigrid; smoothers; parallel computing AB The use of relaxation parameters in hybrid smoothers within algebraic multigrid (AMG) is analysed both theoretically and practically. Relaxation parameters that are optimal under the assumptions of the theory are determined. The implementation of a procedure to automatically determine outer relaxation parameters for symmetric positive definite smoothers is described. Numerical results are presented, which show significant improvements over AMG with undamped hybrid smoothers. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yang, UM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Box 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM yang11@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 172 DI 10.1002/nla.375 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 808MP UT WOS:000220573500005 ER PT J AU Douglas, CC Hu, J Ray, J Thorne, DT Tuminaro, RS AF Douglas, CC Hu, J Ray, J Thorne, DT Tuminaro, RS TI Cache aware multigrid for variable coefficient elliptic problems on adaptive mesh refinement hierarchies SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Copper Mountain Conference on Multigrid Methods CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2003 CL Copper Mt, CO DE cache aware; multigrid; elliptic; adaptive mesh refinement; hierarchies ID EQUATIONS AB We derive a multilevel algorithm to solve variable coefficient elliptic boundary value problems on adaptively refined structured meshes, and we design a cache optimized version of this algorithm. The operations are optimized to exploit the cache memory subsystem. We present numerical results demonstrating the efficiency of the cache optimization. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Comp Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Comp Sci, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Comp Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Thorne, DT (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Comp Sci, 325 McVey Hall, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM douglas-craig@cs.yale.edu; jhu@ca.sandia.gov; jairay@ca.sandia.gov; thorne@ccs.uky.edu; tuminaro@ca.sandia.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1070-5325 EI 1099-1506 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 187 DI 10.1002/nla.376 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 808MP UT WOS:000220573500006 ER PT J AU Iontcheva, AH Vassilevski, PS AF Iontcheva, AH Vassilevski, PS TI Monotone multigrid methods based on element agglomeration coarsening away from the contact boundary for the Signorini's problem SO NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Copper Mountain Conference on Multigrid Methods CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2003 CL Copper Mt, CO DE contact problem; algebraic multigrid; FAS; subspace minimization; algebraic coarsening ID ELLIPTIC VARIATIONAL-INEQUALITIES; LINEAR COMPLEMENTARITY-PROBLEMS; ALGORITHMS; AMGE AB Two multilevel schemes for solving inequality constrained finite element second-order elliptic problems, such as the Signorini's contact problem, are proposed and studied. The main ingredients of the schemes are that first they utilize element agglomeration coarsening away from the constraint set (boundary), which allows for easy construction of coarse level approximations that straightforwardly satisfy the fine-grid constraints. Second important feature of the schemes is that they provide monotone reduction of the energy functional throughout the multilevel cycles. This is achieved by using monotone smoothers (such as the projected Gauss-Seidel method) and due to the fact that the recursive application of the two-grid schemes is also monotone. The performance of the resulting methods is illustrated by numerical experiments on a model 2D Signorini's problem. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vassilevski, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM panayot@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1070-5325 J9 NUMER LINEAR ALGEBR JI Numer. Linear Algebr. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 189 EP 204 DI 10.1002/nla.377 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 808MP UT WOS:000220573500007 ER PT J AU Dattoli, G Ottaviani, PL Renieri, A Biedron, SG Freund, HP Milton, SV AF Dattoli, G Ottaviani, PL Renieri, A Biedron, SG Freund, HP Milton, SV TI A compact free electron laser device operating in the UV-soft X-ray region SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS; GENERATION; FEL AB We discuss the design elements of a compact free electron laser device, operating, in an oscillator-amplifier configuration, up to the soft X-ray region. We show that, the source can provide radiation from extreme UV to soft X-ray region, with significantly large output peak and average laser power with undulator lengths not exceeding 7 in. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ENEA, Ctr Ric Frascati, Unite Tecn Sci Tecnol Fis Avanzate, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. ENEA, Ctr Ric Bologna, Unita Tecn Sci Tecnol Fis Avanzate, Bologna, Italy. Lund Univ, Max Lab, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dattoli, G (reprint author), ENEA, Ctr Ric Frascati, Unite Tecn Sci Tecnol Fis Avanzate, Via Enrico Fermi 45,CP 65, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. EM dattoli@frascati.enea.it NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 232 IS 1-6 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2003.11.073 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 777ZU UT WOS:000189215100038 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Liang, W Yariv, A Fleming, JG Lin, SY AF Xu, Y Liang, W Yariv, A Fleming, JG Lin, SY TI Modal analysis of Bragg onion resonators SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; MICROCAVITY AB From analysis of the high Q modes in a Bragg onion resonator with an onmidirectional reflector cladding, we establish a close analogy between such a resonator and a spherical hollow cavity in perfect metal. We demonstrate that onion resonators are ideal for applications that require a large spontaneous-emission factor 16, such as thresholdless lasers and single-photon devices. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, MS 128-95, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM yong@its.caltech.edu NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 5 BP 424 EP 426 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000424 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 775GC UT WOS:000189031500002 PM 15005180 ER PT J AU Ison, EA Abboud, KA Ghiviriga, I Boncella, JM AF Ison, EA Abboud, KA Ghiviriga, I Boncella, JM TI Alkylaluminum-induced diamide transfer from group 6 imido diamido complexes SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID ANCILLARY LIGAND AB Reaction of AlMe3 with the imido compounds Mo(NPh)(o-(SiMe3N)(2)C6H4)(CH2)(4) (1) and Mo(NPh)(o-(SiMe3N)(2)C6H4)L (2; L = diphenylacetylene) results in the transfer of the diamide ligand to the Al, giving the unusual arene complexes 3 and 4. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Boncella, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J-582, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM boncella@lanl.gov OI Boncella, James/0000-0001-8393-392X NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 929 EP 931 DI 10.1021/om034322y PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 777GW UT WOS:000189168800001 ER PT J AU Almer, J Oden, M Hakansson, G AF Almer, J Oden, M Hakansson, G TI Microstructure and thermal stability of arc-evaporated Cr-C-N coatings SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION PROCESS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HARD COATINGS; TIN; NITRIDE; CARBONITRIDE; EVOLUTION; CARBIDES; PHASE AB The role of C incorporation in the microstructure and thermal stability of arc-evaporated Cr-C-N coatings is explored via reactive growth in a mixed C2H4-N-2 environment. C is found to react more readily than N at both the Cr cathode and the coating surfaces, so that a C2H4-to-N-2 flow ratio of only 1% yields a C-to-N ratio of approximately 10% within the coatings. The as-deposited microstructures consist primarily of the delta-Cr(C, N) phase and possess high compressive residual stresses, which decrease with increasing C content. Post-deposition annealing up to 700degreesC results in depletion of lattice defects, and concomitant reductions in stress and coating hardness, together with phase transformations which suggest metastable phase formation during growth. Apparent activation energies for this lattice defect are found to be in the range expected for bulk diffusion of N and C (2.4-2.8 eV). The results suggest that inclusion of small amounts of C in this system offers the ability to reduce internal stresses while maintaining defect-related hardness increases, permitting growth of thicker and thus more wear-resistant coatings. C1 Lulea Tekn Univ, Div Engn Mat, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Bodycote Varmebehandling AB, SE-58271 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Oden, M (reprint author), Lulea Tekn Univ, Div Engn Mat, SE-97187 Lulea, Sweden. EM magnus.oden@sirius.luth.se RI Oden, Magnus/E-9662-2010 OI Oden, Magnus/0000-0002-2286-5588 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 7 BP 611 EP 630 DI 10.1080/14786430310001646727 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 771NR UT WOS:000188793000001 ER PT J AU Mitlin, D Misra, A Radmilovic, V Nastasi, M Hoagland, R Embury, DJ Hirth, JP Mitchell, TE AF Mitlin, D Misra, A Radmilovic, V Nastasi, M Hoagland, R Embury, DJ Hirth, JP Mitchell, TE TI Formation of misfit dislocations in nanoscale Ni-Cu bilayer films SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID STRAINED EPITAXIAL LAYER; RELAXATION; BLOCKING; MULTILAYERS; MECHANISMS; COPPER; NICKEL; SYSTEM AB We investigated the mechanism of interface dislocation formation in a 5.0 nm Ni film epitaxially deposited on 100 nm of Cu(001). Threading dislocations that pre-exist in the Cu substrate extend into the coherent Ni overlayer during growth and propagate in the [110] and [(1) over bar 10] directions along the interface. These dislocations are perfect glide dislocations with mixed character and lying on the Ni{111} planes, and were by far the most numerous in the microstructure. Lomer edge dislocations lying on the Ni-Cu(001) interface were also detected, constituting approximately 5% of the total interface dislocation content. Closely spaced adjacent pairs of perfect glide dislocations having the same Burgers vector were commonly observed at the interface. This dislocation configuration, together with several others that were observed, is explained in terms of the ability of favourably oriented dislocations to cross-slip. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4H3, Canada. RP Mitlin, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dmitlin@lanl.gov RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Mitlin , David /M-5328-2016 OI Mitlin , David /0000-0002-7556-3575 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 7 BP 719 EP 736 DI 10.1080/14786430310001616072 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 771NR UT WOS:000188793000006 ER PT J AU Huang, JY Zhu, YT Liao, XZ Valiev, RZ AF Huang, JY Zhu, YT Liao, XZ Valiev, RZ TI Amorphization of TiNi induced by high-pressure torsion SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; DUCTILITY; ALLOY; CU AB Using high-resolution electron microscopy, we investigated the initial stages of high-pressure-torsion-induced crystalline-to-amorphous transformation of TiNi. It is found that the deformation-induced amorphization initiated from dislocation core regions in the interior of grains and from grain boundaries. It is believed that both the energy stored in the dislocations and the energy stored in the grain boundaries contribute significantly to driving the crystalline-to-amorphous transformation. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. RP Huang, JY (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM huangje@bc.edu RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; NR 14 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 84 IS 3 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1080/09500830310001657353 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 801AH UT WOS:000220068300006 ER PT J AU Ferer, M Bromhal, GS Smith, DH AF Ferer, M Bromhal, GS Smith, DH TI Fractal dimension and avalanches of invasion percolation: the effect of aspect ratio SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE invasion percolation; avalanches; fractal dimension ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; POROUS-MEDIA; DISPLACEMENT; INTERFACES; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; FLOW AB Troubled by unreliable estimates of the fractal dimension from straightforward box-counting applied to invasion percolation in million site short-wide systems (i.e., the length in the average flow direction is the smaller dimension), we undertook a study of the effect of aspect ratio on fractal dimension determinations and on avalanche structure. In box-counting, we found evidence of a competition between the different singular behaviors associated with the bulk and the external hull (interface), which was most noticeable for the short-wide systems with a long external hull. Modifying the box-counting to exclude those boxes covering the external hull provides results for the short-wide systems which are consistent with results from the literature and from straightforward box-counting on long-narrow systems. Not surprisingly, we found that the avalanche size distribution was 'cut off' by the length in the short-wide systems; however, we also found that the distribution was cut off by the width in the long-narrow systems. Therefore, the smaller dimension served as a cut-off length for the distribution of avalanche sizes, so that in the long-narrow systems, the distribution of avalanche sizes collapses long before the injected fluid reaches the outlet. This results in fingering patterns in the long-narrow systems that are different from those in the short-wide systems where the avalanche size distribution is maintained all the way to the outlet. Determining the fractal dimension from the power-law dependence of mass upon a typical length scale was found to be unaffected by the length of the external hull, providing the standard literature values of fractal dimension for the problematic short-wide systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Ferer, M (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, POB 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mferer@wvu.edu NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 334 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2003.10.079 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 772YD UT WOS:000188869700002 ER PT J AU Grenier, S Thomas, KJ Kim, YJ Hill, JP Gibbs, D Kiryukhin, V Tokura, Y Tomioka, Y Casa, D Gog, T Venkataraman, C AF Grenier, S Thomas, KJ Kim, YJ Hill, JP Gibbs, D Kiryukhin, V Tokura, Y Tomioka, Y Casa, D Gog, T Venkataraman, C TI Resonant X-ray scattering as a probe of the valence and magnetic ground state and excitations in Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarised Neutrons and Synchrotron X-rays for Magnetism CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Servolo Venice Int Univ Campus, Venice, ITALY HO San Servolo Venice Int Univ Campus DE half-doped manganite; resonant X-ray diffraction; inelastic X-ray scattering ID MANGANITES; ABSORPTION; CHARGE AB X-ray resonant techniques have been used to study the ground state and electronic excitations of the perovskite Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3. We utilized resonant diffraction at the Mn K-edge as a contrast technique for determining the pattern of Mn atoms in inequivalent crystallographic sites. In order to determine the important properties of the 3d electrons in this system, we have probed the unoccupied 3d orbitals using the magnetic and non-magnetic soft X-ray diffraction at the Mn L-edges. Finally resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments have been performed at the Mn K-edge. This latter technique provides new insights into the ground state as it probes the elementary electronic excitations. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Joint Res Ctr Atom Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, CAT, CMC, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Grenier, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM grenier@bnl.gov RI Hill, John/F-6549-2011; Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Grenier, Stephane/N-1986-2014; Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016 OI Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895; Grenier, Stephane/0000-0001-8370-7375; NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 345 IS 1-4 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.11.008 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 777NR UT WOS:000189184900003 ER PT J AU Chesnel, K Belakhovsky, M Marty, A Beutier, G van der Laan, G Collins, SP AF Chesnel, K Belakhovsky, M Marty, A Beutier, G van der Laan, G Collins, SP TI Polarization effects in X-ray resonant magnetic scattering patterns from striped FePd films SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarised Neutrons and Synchrotron X-rays for Magnetism CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Servolo Venice Int Univ Campus, Venice, ITALY HO San Servolo Venice Int Univ Campus DE nanotechnology; magnetic stripes; XRMS; polarization; dichroism ID DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; THIN-FILMS AB We recorded X-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS) patterns from a 40 nm thin FePd film that exhibits magnetic stripes with similar to100 nm period. Measurements were performed using a CCD camera in reflection geometry for different light polarizations at the Fe L-3 resonance. We observed dichroic effects using circular polarization. By combining the scattering patterns obtained with both helicities we obtain the symmetric and antisymmetric part of the pattern. The experimental results are in agreement with a simple theoretical model. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA, DRFMC, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Chesnel, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kchesnel@lbl.gov RI van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015; marty, alain/H-7941-2014 OI van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495; marty, alain/0000-0001-5709-6945 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 345 IS 1-4 BP 148 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.11.042 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 777NR UT WOS:000189184900036 ER PT J AU Spezzani, C Torelli, P Delaunay, R Hague, CF Petroff, F Scholl, A Gullikson, EM Sacchi, M AF Spezzani, C Torelli, P Delaunay, R Hague, CF Petroff, F Scholl, A Gullikson, EM Sacchi, M TI Resonant diffuse X-ray scattering from magnetic multilayers SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarised Neutrons and Synchrotron X-rays for Magnetism CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Servolo Venice Int Univ Campus, Venice, ITALY HO San Servolo Venice Int Univ Campus DE X-ray scattering; soft X-rays; magnetoresistive multilayers; magnetic domains ID CO/CU MULTILAYERS; HYSTERESIS AB We have measured field-dependent resonant diffuse scattering from a magnetoresistive Co/Cu multilayer. We have observed that the magnetic domain size in zero field depends on the magnetic history of the sample. The results of the X-ray scattering analysis have been compared to PEEM images of the magnetic domains. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 11, Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LURE, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, Chim Phys Lab, F-75005 Paris, France. THALES, CNRS, Unite Mixte Phys, F-91404 Orsay, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sacchi, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LURE, Bat 209D,BP 34, F-91898 Orsay, France. EM maurizio.sacchi@lure.u-psud.fr RI Torelli, Piero /F-8940-2010; Petroff, Frederic/I-7206-2012; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; OI TORELLI, PIERO/0000-0001-9300-9685 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 345 IS 1-4 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.11.043 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 777NR UT WOS:000189184900037 ER PT J AU Littrell, KC Lee, WT AF Littrell, KC Lee, WT TI A method for polarization control and analysis on Bonse-Hart double-crystal USANS instruments SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarised Neutrons and Synchrotron X-rays for Magnetism CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Servolo Venice Int Univ Campus, Venice, ITALY HO San Servolo Venice Int Univ Campus DE USANS; polarization; magnetism; prism; neutron scattering; instrumentation AB The use of polarized beams and polarization analysis is an area of increasing interest to the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) community. Since the angular acceptance of a DCD USANS instrument is very narrow, magnetic prisms can be exploited to select polarization. We compare two schemes by which this can be accomplished and describe how this method can be adapted for use on time-of-flight DCD USANS instruments. The wavelength dispersion of the prism can be used on steady-state instruments to select or suppress higher harmonics of the characteristic incident wavelength. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Littrell, KC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM klittrell@anl.gov RI Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 345 IS 1-4 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2003.11.065 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 777NR UT WOS:000189184900059 ER PT J AU Zunger, A Bester, G AF Zunger, A Bester, G TI Theory of excitons, charged excitons, exciton fine-structure and entangled excitons in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor Structures (MSS11) CY JUL 14-18, 2003 CL Nara, JAPAN DE excitons; semiconductors; quantum dots ID P METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CARRIER DIFFUSION; OPTICAL-EMISSION; BAND STRUCTURE; SINGLE; MODEL; TRANSITION; SPECTRA; INGAAS AB We show how the atomistic pseudopotential many-body theory of InGaAs/GaAs addresses some important effects, including (i) the fine-structure splittings (originating from interband spin exchange), (ii) the optical spectra of charged quantum dots and (iii) the degree of entanglement in a quantum dot molecule. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM azunger@nrel.gov RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAR PY 2004 VL 21 IS 2-4 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2003.11.156 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 812XX UT WOS:000220873300011 ER PT J AU Yan, CS Mao, HK Li, W Qian, J Zhao, YS Hemley, RJ AF Yan, CS Mao, HK Li, W Qian, J Zhao, YS Hemley, RJ TI Ultrahard diamond single crystals from chemical vapor deposition SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Gem-sized single crystals of diamond have been produced by very high growth rate microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and found to exhibit remarkable mechanical properties. The as-grown material has extremely high fracture toughness, and treatment by high-pressure/high-temperature annealing produces crystals that have exceptionally high intrinsic hardness. The annealing appears to induce a novel work hardening of CVD single-crystal diamond. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Phoenix Crystal Corp, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yan, CS (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM c.yan@gl.ciw.edu; hemley@gl.ciw.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 10 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 201 IS 4 BP R25 EP R27 DI 10.1002/pssa.200409033 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 809DE UT WOS:000220616600004 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Shan, W Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Beeman, JW Becla, P AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Shan, W Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Beeman, JW Becla, P TI Diluted ZnMnTe oxide: a multi-band semiconductor for high efficiency solar cells SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK ID ION-IMPLANTATION; BAND; ALLOYS AB Using oxygen ion implantation and pulsed laser melting, we have synthesized thin films of highly mismatched ternary (y = 0) and quaternary (y = 0.12) Zn1-yMnyOchiTe1-chi alloys with oxygen content in excess of chi similar to 0.01. We show that incorporation of a small amount of isoelectronic oxygen leads to the formation of * narrow, oxygen-derived band of extended states located well below the conduction band edge of the Zn1-yMnyTe matrix. The structure of the conduction band is well described by the anticrossing interaction between 0 localized states and the extended states of the host semiconductor matrix. As a result the conduction band splits into two subbands with distinctly non-parabolic dispersion relations. The three absorption edges of this material (similar to0.73, 1.83 and 2.56 eV) cover the entire solar spectrum providing a material envisioned for the multi-band, single junction, high efficiency photovoltaic devices. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Weinheim. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM K.M.YuKMYU@LBL.GOV RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 241 IS 3 BP 660 EP 663 DI 10.1002/pssb.200304167 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 803RA UT WOS:000220247000048 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, K Pankow, J Asher, S AF Ramanathan, K Pankow, J Asher, S TI Extrinsic doping effect in the fabrication of CIGS and CIGSS thin film solar cells SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK AB This paper describes the effect of Cd and Zn impurities in the formation of photovoltaic junctions using CuInSe2-based alloy thin-film absorbers. We compare the properties of solar cells fabricated by using CdS window layers with those obtained by Cd or Zn treatment from the liquid or vapor-phase environments. Efficient solar cells are obtained for the latter two cases, and their properties are comparable to those with CdS window layers. The results are interpreted in terms of the ability of Cd and Zn to produce n-type doping in the surface region of the absorbers. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ramanathan, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kannan_ramanathan@nrel.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 241 IS 3 BP 767 EP 770 DI 10.1002/pssb.200304192 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 803RA UT WOS:000220247000069 ER PT J AU Dhere, R Gessert, T Zhou, J Pankow, J Asher, S Moutinho, H AF Dhere, R Gessert, T Zhou, J Pankow, J Asher, S Moutinho, H TI Development of CdxZn1-xTe alloy thin films for tandem solar cell applications SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK AB We report our development efforts for CdxZn1-xTe alloy thin films for tandem solar cells. We used three aspects of CdTe solar cell fabrication considered key to high performance: high-temperature deposition, post-deposition CdCl2 heat treatment, and use of O-2 ambient during device processing. We used bilayers of CdTe and ZnTe as the basis for the formation of CdxZn1-xTe alloy. Use of oxygen at any stage of the processing proved to be problematic due to the formation of ZnO, which resulted in two-phase mixture of CdTe and ZnO. These results can explain the poor performance of CdxZn1-xTe alloy thin-film solar cells reported by several groups. We carried out oxygen free processing of the bilayer stacks and postdeposition heat treatments. Heat treatment in the presence of CdCl2 vapor resulted in the interaction between ZnTe and CdCl2 and the loss of Zn in the form of ZnCl2. Heat treatments of the stack in He ambient resulted in the interdiffusion of the two layers. The composition profiles of the intermixed alloy region were influenced mainly by temperature and the time of the treatment. It is possible to obtain either uniform or graded alloy profiles by adjusting the two parameters. It is possible to adjust the composition of the resuting alloy by adjusting the thickness ratio of CdTe and ZnTe layers. We discuss suitability of the alloy formation using the CdTe/ZnTe bilayers for the top cell fabrication of two-junction tandem solar cells. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dhere, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ramesh_dhere@nrel.gov NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 241 IS 3 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1002/pssb.200304193 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 803RA UT WOS:000220247000070 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Wu, X Teeter, G To, B Yan, Y Dhere, RG Gessert, TA AF Zhou, J Wu, X Teeter, G To, B Yan, Y Dhere, RG Gessert, TA TI CBD-Cd1-xZnxS thin films and their application in CdTe solar cells SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK ID ZNS; CDS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; ZNXCD1-XS AB Composition, optical properties, structure properties, and surface morphology of thin films of Cd1-xZnxS (x less than or equal to 10%) prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) are reported. The best cell efficiency was 15.7%. 2 It used a Cd1-xZnxS window layer, was confirmed by NREL (V-oc = 840.1 mV, J(sc) = 24.81 mA/cm(2), and FF = 75.55%), and had a CTO/ZTO/Cd0.92Zn0.08S/CdTe cell structure. The use of low zinc concentration in the Cd1-xZnxS layer and interdiffusion between Cd1-xZnxS and CdTe layers were assumed to be the reasons for maintaining high V-oc and FF. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jie_zhou@nrel.gov NR 13 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 241 IS 3 BP 775 EP 778 DI 10.1002/pssb.200304218 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 803RA UT WOS:000220247000071 ER PT J AU Shan, W Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW Yu, KM Wu, J Haller, EE Nabetani, Y AF Shan, W Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW Yu, KM Wu, J Haller, EE Nabetani, Y TI Oxygen induced band-gap reduction in ZnOxSe1-x alloys SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NY ID GAINNAS ALLOYS; NITROGEN; IMPURITIES AB The effect of alloying a small amount of ZnO with ZnSe on the electronic band structure has been studied. Optical transitions in MBE-grown ZnOchiSe1-chi epitaxial films (0 less than or equal to chi less than or equal to 0.0135) were investigated using photoreflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The fundamental band-gap energy of the alloys was found to decrease at a rate of about 0.1 eV per atomic percent of oxygen. The pressure dependence of the band gap was also found to be strongly affected by the O incorporation. Both effects can be quantitatively explained by an anticrossing interaction between the extended states of the conduction band of ZnSe and the highly localized oxygen states located at approximately 0.22 eV above the conduction band edge. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Yamanashi, Dept Elect Engn, Kofu, Yamanashi 4008511, Japan. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM WShan@lbl.gov RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 241 IS 3 BP 603 EP 606 DI 10.1002/pssb.200304168 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 803RA UT WOS:000220247000036 ER PT J AU Clatterbuck, TO Lynga, C Paul, PM DiMauro, LF Gaarde, MB Schafer, KJ Agostini, P Kulander, KC Walmsley, I AF Clatterbuck, TO Lynga, C Paul, PM DiMauro, LF Gaarde, MB Schafer, KJ Agostini, P Kulander, KC Walmsley, I TI Yield and temporal characterization of high-order harmonics from intense midinfrared excitation of a cesium vapor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RARE-GASES; GENERATION; ATOMS; IONIZATION; RADIATION; REGIME; LASER AB Cesium vapor interacting with a tightly focused, intense midinfrared (3.4 mum) source produces high harmonic radiation in the visible/UV spectral range. The measured yields of harmonic orders 9-17 are found to yield good quantitative agreement with numerical simulations that include both the single-atom and the macroscopic response. The 5th-9th harmonic orders are generated with sufficient pulse energies (similar to100 pJ) for direct temporal measurements using an autocorrelation method and when correlated with bandwidth measurements are found not to be transform limited. A blueshift connected to a strong time-dependent ionization appears to be the cause of this spectral broadening. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ctr Etud Sasclay, CEA, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, TAMP, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Clatterbuck, TO (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 033807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.033807 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 808YU UT WOS:000220605200100 ER PT J AU Hu, SX Collins, LA AF Hu, SX Collins, LA TI High-order harmonic generation from intense laser-driven inner electrons of Rydberg atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ADIABATIC STABILIZATION; IONIZATION SUPPRESSION; HIGH-FREQUENCY; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; PICOSECOND PULSES; FIELD IONIZATION; PHOTON-EMISSION; STATES; SUPERINTENSE AB By solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation of a two-electron system, we demonstrate that efficient high-order harmonics can be emitted by inner electrons of Rydberg atoms exposed to an intense laser pulse, while the Rydberg electron turns out to be stabilized. Due to stabilization of the Rydberg electron, more intense laser fields may essentially interact with inner electrons, which have high ionization potentials, thereby efficiently generating high-order harmonics. The process has the advantage of producing the very high harmonics, seen in intense laser-ion interactions, while maintaining the higher target densities of a neutral Rydberg (nsimilar to10) gas. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hu, SX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM suxing@lanl.gov; lac@lanl.gov RI Hu, Suxing/A-1265-2007 OI Hu, Suxing/0000-0003-2465-3818 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 033405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.033405 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 808YU UT WOS:000220605200075 ER PT J AU McCurdy, CW Horner, DA Rescigno, TN Martin, F AF McCurdy, CW Horner, DA Rescigno, TN Martin, F TI Theoretical treatment of double photoionization of helium using a B-spline implementation of exterior complex scaling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; PHOTO-DOUBLE IONIZATION; ABOVE-THRESHOLD; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; HYDROGEN SCATTERING; ASYMPTOTIC FORM; ENERGY; H-2; DISSOCIATION AB Calculations of absolute triple-differential and single-differential cross sections for helium double photoionization are performed using an implementation of exterior complex scaling in B-splines. Results for cross sections, well converged in partial waves, are presented and compared with both experiment and earlier theoretical calculations. These calculations establish the practicality and effectiveness of the complex B-spline approach to calculations of double ionization of atomic and molecular systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Quim C9, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP McCurdy, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cwmccurdy@lbl.gov; dahorner@lbl.gov; tnrescigno@lbl.gov; fernando.martin@uam.es RI Martin, Fernando/C-3972-2014 OI Martin, Fernando/0000-0002-7529-925X NR 51 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 032707 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.032707 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 808YU UT WOS:000220605200060 ER PT J AU Melezhik, VS Cohen, JS Hu, CY AF Melezhik, VS Cohen, JS Hu, CY TI Stripping and excitation in collisions between p and He+(n <= 3) calculated by a quantum time-dependent approach with semiclassical trajectories SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-VARIABLE REPRESENTATIONS; HEAVY-PARTICLE COLLISIONS; D-T FUSION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; CROSS-SECTIONS; HE+ COLLISIONS; MUONIC HELIUM; VIBRATIONAL TRANSITIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; IONIZATION AB Stripping and excitation cross sections are calculated, using a time-dependent discrete-variable approach, for collisions of protons with energies from 0.5 keV to 2 MeV with He+ initially in the 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, and 3d states. This quantum-semiclassical approach takes trajectory curvature into account. The spatial and temporal convergence properties of the method are analyzed for the ground and higher states. The results are in good agreement with existing accurate calculations and experimental cross sections, available for E(p)greater than or equal to3.73 keV. Results are also obtained for lower-energy collisions where the cross sections are still significant but trajectory curvature is important. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Phys & Astron, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 032709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.032709 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 808YU UT WOS:000220605200062 ER PT J AU Paz, JP Roncaglia, AJ Saraceno, M AF Paz, JP Roncaglia, AJ Saraceno, M TI Quantum algorithms for phase-space tomography SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE WIGNER FUNCTION; STATE TOMOGRAPHY; REPRESENTATION; CHAOS AB We present efficient circuits that can be used for the phase-space tomography of quantum states. The circuits evaluate individual values or selected averages of the Wigner, Kirkwood, and Husimi distributions. These quantum gate arrays can be programmed by initializing appropriate computational states. The Husimi circuit relies on a subroutine that is also interesting in its own right: the efficient preparation of a coherent state, which is the ground state of the Harper Hamiltonian. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CNEA, Unidad Actividad Fis, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Paz, JP (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM jpaz@lanl.gov; augusto@lanl.gov; saraceno@tandar.cnea.gov.ar RI Paz, Juan/C-5947-2008 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 032312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.032312 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 808YU UT WOS:000220605200042 ER PT J AU Wieczorek, S Chow, WW AF Wieczorek, S Chow, WW TI Bifurcations and interacting modes in coupled lasers: A strong-coupling theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ND-YVO4 MICROCHIP LASERS; SOLID-STATE LASERS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; PHASE-LOCKING; LOCALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION; SEMICLASSICAL THEORY; CHAOTIC LASERS; CAVITY LASER; ARRAYS; DYNAMICS AB The paper presents a theoretical study of synchronization between two coupled lasers. A theory valid for arbitrary coupling between lasers is used. Its key feature is that the laser field is decomposed in terms of the composite-cavity modes reflecting the spatial field dependence over the entire coupled-laser system. The ensuing multimode equations are reduced to class-B, and further to class-A equations which resemble competing species equations. Bifurcation analysis, supported by insight provided by analytical solutions, is used to investigate influences of pump, carrier decay rate, polarization decay rate, and coupling mirror losses on synchronization between lasers. Population pulsation is found to be an essential mode competition mechanism responsible for bistability in the synchronized solutions. Finally, we discovered that the mechanism leading to laser synchronization changes from strong composite-cavity mode competition in class-A regime to frequency locking of composite-cavity modes in class-B regime. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wieczorek, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 033811 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.033811 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 808YU UT WOS:000220605200104 ER PT J AU Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Yaresko, AN AF Antonov, VN Harmon, BN Yaresko, AN TI Electronic structure and magneto-optical Kerr effect in La monochalcogenides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LANTHANUM MONOCHALCOGENIDES; ROTATION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PRESSURE; DENSITY; METALS; CESB; SE; TE AB The optical and magneto-optical (MO) spectra of the lanthanum monochalcogenides are investigated theoretically using the fully relativistic Dirac LMTO band-structure method. The LSDA calculations with shifted La 4f empty states describe quite well the shape and magnitude of the LaS MO spectra in an external magnetic field and to a lesser extent the MO spectra of LaSe. On the other hand, theory fails to describe the broader spectral structures in LaTe between 3 and 5 eV. The origin of the Kerr rotation in these compounds is examined. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Complex Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Kiev Met Phys Inst, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Antonov, VN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM antonov@ameslab.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094404 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800066 ER PT J AU Bauer, ED Booth, CH Lawrence, JM Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Riseborough, PS Ebihara, T AF Bauer, ED Booth, CH Lawrence, JM Hundley, MF Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Riseborough, PS Ebihara, T TI Anderson lattice behavior in Yb1-xLuxAl3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; HEAVY FERMIONS; YBAL3; COHERENCE; ELECTRON; STATE AB Measurements of magnetic susceptibility chi(T), specific heat C(T), Hall coefficient R-H(T), and Yb valence v = 2+n(f) [f-occupation number n(f)(T) determined from Yb L-III x-ray absorption measurements] were carried out on single crystals of Yb1-xLuxAl3. The low-temperature anomalies observed in X(T) and C(T) corresponding to an energy scale T(coh)similar to40 K in the intermediate valence, Kondo lattice compound YbAl3 are suppressed by Lu concentrations as small as 5% suggesting these low-T anomalies are extremely sensitive to disorder and, therefore, are a true coherence effect. By comparing the temperature dependence of various physical quantities to the predictions of the Anderson impurity model, the slow crossover behavior observed in YbAl3, in which the data evolve from a low-temperature coherent, Fermi-liquid regime to a high-temperature local moment regime more gradually than predicted by the Anderson impurity model, appears to evolve to fast crossover behavior at x similar to 0.7 where the evolution is more rapid than predicted. These two phenomena found in Yb1-xLuxAl3, i.e., the low-T anomalies and the slow/fast crossover behavior are discussed in relation to recent theories of the Anderson lattice. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Shizuoka Univ, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bauer, ED (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008; Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Riseborough, Peter/D-4689-2011 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125102 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000028 ER PT J AU Bazaliy, YB Tsymbal, LT Kakazei, GN Izotov, AI Wigen, PE AF Bazaliy, YB Tsymbal, LT Kakazei, GN Izotov, AI Wigen, PE TI Spin-reorientation in ErFeO3: Zero-field transitions, three-dimensional phase diagram, and anisotropy of erbium magnetism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ORTHOFERRITES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; RESONANCE FREQUENCIES; REGION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MAGNETIZATION; TMFEO3; SMFEO3 AB Spontaneous spin-reorientation transitions in ErFeO3 are studied using ultrasound, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetic moment measurements. The properties of the first-order transition happening in magnetic field sweeps through zero are studied and a three-dimensional (H,T) magnetic phase diagram of the material is constructed. Direct measurements of the magnetic moment allow for a precise determination of the temperature dependence of the magnetization direction in the reorientation region. The mean-field theory of orientation transitions is modified to account for the magnetism of the erbium subsystem, and an excellent agreement with experiment is achieved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, O Galkin Donetsk Phys & Technol Inst, UA-83114 Donetsk, Ukraine. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bazaliy, YB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tsymbal@sova.fti.ac.donetsk.ua RI Kakazei, Gleb/A-5106-2008 OI Kakazei, Gleb/0000-0001-7081-581X NR 33 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104429 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104429 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500067 ER PT J AU Bazaliy, YB Jones, BA Zhang, SC AF Bazaliy, YB Jones, BA Zhang, SC TI Current-induced magnetization switching in small domains of different anisotropies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-POLARIZED CURRENT; WAVE EMITTING DIODES; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; CO/CU/CO PILLARS; THIN-FILM; MULTILAYERS; EXCITATION; NANOWIRES; REVERSAL; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB Several recent experimental studies have confirmed the possibility of switching the magnetization direction in small magnetic domains by pumping large spin-polarized currents through them. On the basis of equations proposed by Slonczewski for domains with uniform magnetization, we analyze the stability and switching in two cases which differ by the anisotropy type. One of anisotropy types corresponds to that of the existing experimental device. Qualitatively different behavior is found in shapes of bistable regions and regions with stable precession. Stabilization of unusual "canted" equilibria is found in one of the cases. The sensitivity of the switching pattern to a change in anisotropy pattern underscores the necessity of theoretical guidance for the interpretation of experimental results. We propose experiments to search for stabilized canted equilibria and precession cycles. Our study is analytic as opposed to recent numeric work and the method can be applied to other anisotropy patterns as the experimental interest develops. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zhang, Shou-Cheng/B-2794-2010 NR 65 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094421 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800083 ER PT J AU Booth, CH Shlyk, L Nenkov, K Huber, JG De Long, LE AF Booth, CH Shlyk, L Nenkov, K Huber, JG De Long, LE TI X-ray absorption fine structure and field-dependent specific heat measurements of non-Fermi liquid U3Ni3Sn4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-CHANNEL KONDO-LATTICE; PHASE-TRANSITION; GRIFFITHS PHASE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; ELECTRON; DISORDER; METALS; LA1-XCAXMNO3; TEMPERATURE AB Although most known non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) materials are structurally or chemically disordered, the role of this disorder remains unclear. In particular, very few systems have been discovered that may be stoichiometric and well ordered. To test whether U3Ni3Sn4 belongs in this latter class, we present measurements of the x-ray absorption fine structure of polycrystalline and single-crystal U3Ni3Sn4 samples that are consistent with no measurable local structural disorder. We also present temperature-dependent specific heat data in applied magnetic fields as high as 8 T that show features that are inconsistent with the antiferromagnetic Griffiths' phase model, but do support the conclusion that a Fermi-liquid/NFL crossover temperature increases with applied field. These results are inconsistent with theoretical explanations that require strong disorder effects, but do support the view that U3Ni3Sn4 is a stoichiometric, ordered material that exhibits NFL behavior, and is best described as being near an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Solid State & Mat Res, IFW, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Int Lab High Magnet Fields & Low Temp, PL-53529 Wroclaw, Poland. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Booth, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104430 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500068 ER PT J AU Campbell, BJ Argyriou, DN Mitchell, JF Osborn, R Ouladdiaf, B Ling, CD AF Campbell, BJ Argyriou, DN Mitchell, JF Osborn, R Ouladdiaf, B Ling, CD TI Enhanced stability of charge and orbital order in La0.78Sr2.22Mn2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MANGANITE LA2-2XSR1+2XMN2O7; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC ORDER; A-TYPE; LASR2MN2O7; OXIDES; TRANSITION; INTERPLAY; SPIN; LA0.5SR1.5MNO4 AB Not only is zigzag charge and orbital (CO) order shown to be present in the highly doped (x=0.61) bilayered manganite system La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7, it demonstrates an enhanced stability relative to the x=0.5 composition where the ordered state might be expected to have the lowest entropy. No magnetic-field dependence is observed up to 5.25 T. The CO ordering temperature also increases from 210 K at x=0.5 to 230 K, and the broad hysteretic conversion of the CO-ordered state to the A-type AF state at low temperatures is only partial. Phase reorganization in this hysteretic mixed-phase region is seen to involve an exponential time relaxation above T=50 K, while reorganization ceases below 50 K, apparently due to the thermally activated nature of the underlying dynamics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Campbell, BJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RI Campbell, Branton/A-3990-2008; Ling, Chris D/B-2228-2009; Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011 OI Ling, Chris D/0000-0003-2205-3106; Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104403 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500041 ER PT J AU Caspi, EN Avdeev, M Short, S Jorgensen, JD Lobanov, MV Zeng, ZT Greenblatt, M Thiyagarajan, P Botez, CE Stephens, PW AF Caspi, EN Avdeev, M Short, S Jorgensen, JD Lobanov, MV Zeng, ZT Greenblatt, M Thiyagarajan, P Botez, CE Stephens, PW TI Structural and magnetic phase diagram of the two-electron-doped (Ca1-xCex)MnO3 system: Effects of competition among charge, orbital, and spin ordering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MANGANESE OXIDES; WIGNER-CRYSTAL; BI-STRIPE; SEPARATION; PEROVSKITES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MANGANITES; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; LA1-XCAXMNO3 AB The crystallographic and magnetic phase diagram of the two-electron-doped system (Ca1-x2+Cex4+)MnO3 with 0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.167 has been determined using neutron powder diffraction, synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction, small angle scattering, and ac susceptibility. In general, the phase diagram is similar to those for other chemically substituted CaMnO3 systems as viewed as a function of the Mn charge state. Thus, when viewed as a function of the Ce concentration x the phase diagram is compressed by a factor of 2. Particular differences, such as a broad compositional region (0.1less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.167) at room temperature in which the crystallographic structure is monoclinic, originate from the small size of the Ce4+ ion. Two-phase behavior is observed over a large compositional region (0.1less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.167) at low temperature. The experimental data argue against chemical inhomogeneity or strain arising from grain/domain interaction stresses as explanations for the phase separation. Thus, the extended region of phase coexistence is postulated to originate from the subtle competition among charge, orbital, and spin ordering that may be initiated by A-site cation disorder effect and is then stabilized by an energy barrier between different magnetic ordering that develops in the two phases. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. RP Caspi, EN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lobanov, Maxim/C-2963-2012; Avdeev, Maxim/A-5625-2008 OI Avdeev, Maxim/0000-0003-2366-5809 NR 48 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104402 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500040 ER PT J AU Chu, JP Liu, CT Mahalingam, T Wang, SF O'Keefe, MJ Johnson, B Kuo, CH AF Chu, JP Liu, CT Mahalingam, T Wang, SF O'Keefe, MJ Johnson, B Kuo, CH TI Annealing-induced full amorphization in a multicomponent metallic film SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALLOY; GLASS; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPOSITION AB We present direct experimental evidence that controllable amorphization and nanocrystallization during annealing of metastable films could serve as a precursor for exciting nanomaterials. The interesting discovery is that certain sputtered crystalline films become completely amorphous when annealed in the temperature range between the glass temperature and the crystallization temperature. Unlike other metallic glassy materials that exhibit annealing-induced devitrification, our good glass-forming films are transformed into various nanoscale and amorphous structures due to the annealing process. The formation of an amorphous phase gives rise to notable alterations in the electrical and mechanical properties of the film. C1 Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, Chilung 202, Taiwan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Dept Mat & Minerals Resources Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Univ Missouri, Dept Met Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Alagappa Univ, Dept Phys, Karaikkudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, Chilung 202, Taiwan. NR 18 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 11 AR 113410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.113410 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812BC UT WOS:000220814000035 ER PT J AU Chuang, YD Gromko, AD Fedorov, AV Aiura, Y Oka, K Ando, Y Lindroos, M Markiewicz, RS Bansil, A Dessau, DS AF Chuang, YD Gromko, AD Fedorov, AV Aiura, Y Oka, K Ando, Y Lindroos, M Markiewicz, RS Bansil, A Dessau, DS TI Bilayer splitting and coherence effects in optimal and underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; DIMENSIONAL CROSSOVER; TRANSITION; CUPRATE; SPECTRA; LIMIT AB We have carried out extensive high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) experiments on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta samples, covering the entire doping range from the overdoped to the optimally and underdoped regimes in the normal state. Our focus is on delineating the doping dependence of the bilayer splitting which is associated with the intracell coupling of electrons between the two CuO2 planes. We exploit the photon energy of 47 eV, where strong ARPES matrix element effects are found to provide a tremendous enhancement of the antibonding to bonding component of the bilayer split bands near (pi,0), in good agreement with the predictions of corresponding first-principles simulations. Our detailed analysis indicates that the size of the bilayer splitting is only weakly dependent on the doping level, implying that electronic excitations continue to maintain some degree of coherence even in the underdoped regime. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, AIST Tsukuba Cent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tampere Univ Technol, SF-33101 Tampere, Finland. RP Chuang, YD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013 OI Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094515 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800114 ER PT J AU Denison, AB Farrell, HH AF Denison, AB Farrell, HH TI Positron mean free paths between 50 eV and 40 keV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 50-2000-EV RANGE; AG; HOLOGRAPHY; SURFACES; ENERGIES; SPECTRA; REGION; SOLIDS; IMFPS; AES AB We have developed a formalism for calculating the inelastic mean free paths (IMFP's) of positrons by extending an existing semiempirical method developed by Tanuma, Powell, and Penn that is currently used for electrons. As examples, we have calculated the positron IMFP's in the 50 eV to 40 keV energy range for four different elements. In the intermediate-energy region, roughly 200 eV to 2 keV, the inelastic mean free paths for both positrons and electrons are similar. However, at lower energies, differences in correlation and exchange between the leptons during inelastic scattering events result in the inelastic mean free path being smaller for the positrons than for the electrons. At the highest energies, above about 2 keV, the relativistic correction suggested by Inokuti to the scattering cross section has been made. The resulting relativistic inelastic mean free paths are reasonable upper limits for both leptons below the bremsstrahlung regime. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Farrell, HH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM farrhh@inel.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104302 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500037 ER PT J AU Dordevic, SV Singley, EJ Kim, JH Maple, MB Komiya, S Ono, S Ando, Y Room, T Liang, RX Bonn, DA Hardy, WN Carbotte, JP Homes, CC Strongin, M Basov, DN AF Dordevic, SV Singley, EJ Kim, JH Maple, MB Komiya, S Ono, S Ando, Y Room, T Liang, RX Bonn, DA Hardy, WN Carbotte, JP Homes, CC Strongin, M Basov, DN TI Signatures of bilayer splitting in the c-axis optical conductivity of double layer cuprates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CHARGE DYNAMICS; INTERLAYER CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CUO2 PLANES; PSEUDOGAP; STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; TL2BA2CUO6+DELTA AB We report on the infrared studies of the interlayer response for a series of YBa2Cu3Ox high-T-c superconductors with Pr, Ni, and Zn dopants, as well as for the optimally doped crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oz. These experimental results have motivated us to reexamine some of the long-standing issues in the interlayer electrodynamics of cuprates. Among them are the origins of the anomalous resonance specific to the conductivity of materials with more than one CuO2 plane per unit cell, as well as the microscopic roots of the notorious "semiconducting" behavior seen in a variety of cuprates. Our data for PryY1-yBa2Cu3O7-delta samples indicate that the suppression of the superfluid density (and normal-state conductivity) with Y-->Pr substitution occurs primarily due to changes in the electronic state of CuO2 planes and not because of the fragmentation of Cu-O chains. We also show that the transverse Josephson plasma model proposed to explain the anomalous mode in the interlayer response is not fully consistent with the totality of the experimental data for double-layered materials. We discuss alternative/complimentary scenario assigning this feature of the c-axis conductivity to lifted degeneracy between bonding and antibonding bands associated with the two constituents of the CuO2 bilayer (a so-called bilayer splitting effect). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 201, Japan. NICPB, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Room, Toomas/A-6412-2008; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013 OI Room, Toomas/0000-0002-6165-8290; Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094511 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800110 ER PT J AU Dudiy, SV Lundqvist, BI AF Dudiy, SV Lundqvist, BI TI Wetting of TiC and TiN by metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WAVE BASIS-SET; LIQUID-METALS; TRANSITION-METALS; SURFACE-TENSION; INTERFACES; ADHESION AB A number of important issues raised by brazing technologies and recent wetting experiments with liquid metals on TiC and TiN are analyzed at the microscopic level, using first-principles density-functional computational experiments. The large variations of the wetting angles for Cu and Ag on TiC and TiN from experiment to experiment are connected of the relative contributions of different local atomic coordinations at the interface. The key factors in the structure dependence of Ag/Ti(C,N) interface energetics are identified, such as the varying number of the metal-C(N) bonds and the strength of metal-Ti bonding. Interface adhesion is shown to be improved by C(N) vacancies, in agreement with observed better wettability of hypostoichiometric carbides. Based on Al/Ti(C,N)(001) and Ti/Ti(C,N)(001) simulations, the effects of Ti and Al interface segregation in the metal melt are estimated. The metal-C(N) bonding across the Cu,Ag,Au/Ti(C,N)(001) interfaces is similar to the metal-enhanced covalent bonding previously reported for Co/Ti(C,N)(001) and CoIWC(001). The systematics of the calculated work of separation correlates well with the noticeable variations of the charge-density values at the interface metal-C(N) bonds. C1 Chalmers, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lundqvist, Bengt/A-9013-2011 NR 61 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125421 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000128 ER PT J AU Dzero, M Gor'kov, LP AF Dzero, M Gor'kov, LP TI Breakup of a Stoner model for the two-dimensional ferromagnetic quantum critical point SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Generalization of the results by A. V. Chubukov [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 077002 (2003)] leads to the conclusion that the ferromagnetic quantum critical point cannot be described by a Stoner model because of a strong interplay between the paramagnetic fluctuations and the Cooper channel, at least in two dimensions. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. RP Dzero, M (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dzero@ameslab.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 092501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.092501 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800022 ER PT J AU Edwards, AH Schultz, PA Hjalmarson, HP AF Edwards, AH Schultz, PA Hjalmarson, HP TI Spontaneous ionization of hydrogen atoms at the Si-SiO2 interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SIO2 THIN-FILMS; PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; DEPENDENCE; DEFECTS; SPECTRA; BUILDUP; STATES; H+ AB We present a series of electronic structure calculations that demonstrate a mechanism for spontaneous ionization of hydrogen at the Si-SiO2 interface. Specifically, we show that an isolated neutral hydrogen atom will spontaneously give up its charge and bond to a threefold coordinated oxygen atom. We refer to this entity as a proton. We have calculated the potential surface and found it to be entirely attractive. In contrast, hydrogen molecules will not undergo an analogous reaction. We relate these calculations both to proton generation experiments and to hydrogen plasma experiments. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat & Mol Biol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125318 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000081 ER PT J AU Fazileh, F Gooding, RJ Johnston, DC AF Fazileh, F Gooding, RJ Johnston, DC TI Examining the metal-to-insulator transitions in Li1+xTi2-xO4 and LiAlyTi2-yO4 with a quantum site percolation model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LI1&XTI2-XO4 SPINEL SYSTEM; NORMAL STATE PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LITI2O4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; OXIDE AB We have studied the composition-induced metal-to-insulator transitions (MIT) of cation substituted lithium titanate, in the forms Li1+xTi2-xO4 and LiAlyTi2-yO4, utilizing a quantum site percolation model; we argue that such a model provides a very reliable representation of the noninteracting electrons in this material if strong correlations are ignored. We then determine whether or not such a model of 3d(1) electrons moving on the Ti (corner-sharing tetrahedral) sublattice describes the observed MIT's, with the critical concentration defined by the matching of the mobility edge and the chemical potential. Our analysis leads to quantitative predictions that are in disagreement with those measured experimentally. For example, experimentally for the LiAlyTi2-yO4 compound an Al concentration of y(c)approximate to0.33 produces a metal-to-insulator transition, whereas our analysis of a quantum site percolation model predicts y(c)approximate to0.83. One hypothesis that is consistent with these results is that since strong correlations are ignored in our quantum site percolation model, which includes the effects of configurational disorder only, such strong electronic correlations are both present and important. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fazileh, F (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104503 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500075 ER PT J AU Feng, YJ Seidler, GT Cross, JO Macrander, AT Rehr, JJ AF Feng, YJ Seidler, GT Cross, JO Macrander, AT Rehr, JJ TI Role of inversion symmetry and multipole effects in nonresonant x-ray Raman scattering from icosahedral B4C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; ALPHA-RHOMBOHEDRAL BORON; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; K-EDGE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CARBIDE STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We report nonresonant x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) measurements for the icosahedral boron carbide B4C for transferred momentum q from 1 to 9 Angstrom(-1). The observed q-dependence together with site-specific ab initio calculations identify a near-edge peak in the XRS spectra as a p-type (Deltal = 1) exciton due to dominant boron occupation at the sole atomic site in the unit cell having inversion symmetry. This result constrains models of substitutional disorder in B4C, introduces a new application of XRS, and emphasizes the utility of full multiple scattering calculations of the site-specific projected density of states for interpretation of the near edge region of XRS spectra. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, PNC CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM seidler@phys.washington.edu RI Seidler, Gerald/I-6974-2012; Feng, Yejun/A-5417-2009 OI Feng, Yejun/0000-0003-3667-056X NR 59 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125402 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000109 ER PT J AU Glatz, A Nattermann, T AF Glatz, A Nattermann, T TI Influence of thermal fluctuations on quantum phase transitions in one-dimensional disordered systems: Charge density waves and Luttinger liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COULOMB FORCES; RANDOM FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DYNAMICS; MODEL; RENORMALIZATION; LOCALIZATION; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; FLUIDS AB The low-temperature phase diagram of one-dimensional weakly disordered quantum systems such as charge or spin density waves and Luttinger liquids is studied by a full finite temperature renormalization-group (RG) calculation. For vanishing quantum fluctuations this approach is amended by an exact solution in the case of strong disorder and by a mapping onto the Burgers equation with noise in the case of weak disorder, respectively. At zero temperature we reproduce the quantum phase transition between a pinned (localized) and an unpinned (delocalized) phase for weak and strong quantum fluctuations, respectively, as found previously by Fukuyama or Giamarchi and Schulz. At finite temperatures the localization transition is suppressed: the random potential is wiped out by thermal fluctuations on length scales larger than the thermal de Broglie wavelength of the phason excitations. The existence of a zero-temperature transition is reflected in a rich crossover phase diagram of the correlation functions. In particular we find four different scaling regions: a classical disordered, a quantum disordered, a quantum critical, and a thermal region. The results can be transferred directly to the discussion of the influence of disorder in superfluids. Finally we extend the RG calculation to the treatment of a commensurate lattice potential. Applications to related systems are discussed as well. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 11 AR 115118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.115118 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812BC UT WOS:000220814000055 ER PT J AU Harrison, WA AF Harrison, WA TI Understanding the phonon spectrum of plutonium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The recently observed vibration spectrum of face-centered-cubic plutonium is interpreted in terms of a simple inclusion of electron correlations in a Friedel Model of the density of f-electron states, and an empty-core pseudopotential treatment of the three free electrons per atom. This model has given reasonable accounts of the volume-dependence of the total energy and of the experimental density of electronic states. It yields a volume-dependent energy, plus a two-body central-force interaction V(d) between atoms, which enters the vibration spectrum only through the two parameters, V-(1)=dpartial derivativeV/partial derivatived and V-(2)=d(2)partial derivative(2)V/partial derivatived(2), evaluated at the nearest-neighbor distance. Using existing parameters yields the three elastic constants in crude accord with experiment but peak vibrational frequencies too low and an instability against shear modes in the [111] and [110] directions. Moderate scaling of the two parameters brings the vibration spectrum into reasonable accord. It also produces the strong fluctuation in the [110] T-1 mode, suggesting it is not from Kohn anomalies, which are absent from the model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Harrison, WA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 11 AR 113106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.113106 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812BC UT WOS:000220814000006 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Lieb-Schultz-Mattis in higher dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIELD-THEORY; SYSTEMS; STATE; GAP; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; EXCITATIONS; LATTICE; MODEL; CHAIN AB A generalization of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem to higher-dimensional spin systems is shown. The physical motivation for the result is that such spin systems typically either have long-range order, in which case there are gapless modes, or have only short-range correlations, in which case there are topological excitations. The result uses a set of loop operators, analogous to those used in gauge theories, defined in terms of the spin operators of the theory. We also obtain various cluster bounds on expectation values for gapped systems. These bounds are used, under the assumption of a gap, to rule out the first case of long-range order, after which we show the existence of a topological excitation. Compared to the ground state, the topologically excited state has, up to a small error, the same expectation values for all operators acting within any local region, but it has a different momentum. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hastings@cnls.lanl.gov NR 18 TC 208 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104431 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104431 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500069 ER PT J AU Hwang, J Timusk, T Puchkov, AV Wang, NL Gu, GD Homes, CC Tu, JJ Eisaki, H AF Hwang, J Timusk, T Puchkov, AV Wang, NL Gu, GD Homes, CC Tu, JJ Eisaki, H TI Marginal Fermi liquid analysis of 300 K reflectance of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NORMAL-STATE; THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PSEUDOGAP STATE; RESISTIVITY AB We use 300 K reflectance data to investigate the normal-state electrodynamics of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta over a wide range of doping levels. The data show that at this temperature the free carriers are coupled to a continuous spectrum of fluctuations. Assuming the marginal Fermi-liquid (MFL) form as a first approximation for the fluctuation spectrum, the doping-dependent coupling constant lambda(p) can be estimated directly from the slope of the reflectance spectrum. We find that lambda(p) decreases smoothly with the hole doping level, from underdoped samples with p=0.103 (T-c=67 K) where lambda(p)=0.93 to overdoped samples with p=0.226 (T-c=60 K) where lambda(p)=0.53. An analysis of the intercept and curvature of the reflectance spectrum shows deviations from the MFL spectrum symmetrically placed at the optimal doping point p=0.16. The Kubo formula for the conductivity gives a better fit to the experiments with the MFL spectrum up to 2000 cm(-1) and with an additional Drude component or an additional Lorentz component up to 7000 cm(-1). By comparing three different model fits we conclude that the MFL channel is necessary for a good fit to the reflectance data. Finally, we note that the monotonic variation of the reflectance slope with doping provides us with an independent measure of the doping level for the Bi-2212 system. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM hwangjs@mcmail.mcmaster.ca NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094520 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094520 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800119 ER PT J AU Jensen, A Toft, KN Abrahamsen, AB McMorrow, DF Eskildsen, MR Andersen, NH Jensen, J Hedegard, P Klenke, J Danilkin, S Prokes, K Sikolenko, V Smeibidl, P Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Jensen, A Toft, KN Abrahamsen, AB McMorrow, DF Eskildsen, MR Andersen, NH Jensen, J Hedegard, P Klenke, J Danilkin, S Prokes, K Sikolenko, V Smeibidl, P Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI Field-induced magnetic phases in the normal and superconducting states of ErNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TRANSITIONS; HOLMIUM; DIAGRAM; ER AB We present a comprehensive neutron-diffraction study of the magnetic structures of ErNi2B2C in the presence of a magnetic field applied along [010], [110], or [001]. In zero field, the antiferromagnetic structure is transversely polarized with Qapproximate to0.55a* and the moments along the b direction. At the lowest temperatures, the modulation is close to a square wave, and transitions of Q between different commensurable values are observed when varying the field. The commensurable structures are analyzed in terms of a detailed mean-field model. Experimentally, the minority domain shows no hysteresis and stays stable up to a field close to the upper critical field of superconductivity, when the field is applied along [010]. Except for this possible effect, the influences of the superconducting electrons on the magnetic structures are not directly visible. Another peculiarity is that Q rotates by a small, but clearly detectable, angle of about 0.5degrees away from the [100] and the field direction, when the field is applied along [110] and is approximately equal to or larger than the upper critical field. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Niels Bohr Inst fAPG, Orsted Lab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jensen, A (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RI McMorrow, Desmond/C-2655-2008; Eskildsen, Morten/E-7779-2011; Andersen, Niels/A-3872-2012; Danilkin, Sergey/L-9419-2013; Sikolenko, Vadim/D-3869-2011; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Jensen, Jens/C-7484-2015; Hedegard, Per/C-1954-2015 OI McMorrow, Desmond/0000-0002-4947-7788; Sikolenko, Vadim/0000-0001-5252-6870; Jensen, Jens/0000-0002-7954-8073; Hedegard, Per/0000-0002-6328-7462 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104527 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104527 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500099 ER PT J AU Jiang, XY Feng, SL Soukoulis, CM Zi, J Joannopoulos, JD Cao, H AF Jiang, XY Feng, SL Soukoulis, CM Zi, J Joannopoulos, JD Cao, H TI Coupling, competition, and stability of modes in random lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-MEDIA; LIGHT AB We studied analytically and numerically the complex properties of random lasing modes. Mode repulsion in frequency domain for inhomogeneously broadened gain media was confirmed by our numerical results. We constructed a coupled-mode model to explain the synchronized lasing behavior for modes whose frequency difference is less than the homogeneous gain width. The stability of coupled modes was investigated. The effective competition coefficient C-e for two modes with both gain competition and field coupling is obtained analytically. In our numerical experiments, we also found the coupled oscillations of two lasing modes. From the analytical derivation, we demonstrated that such oscillations could reveal the field-coupling strength between the random modes. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Microsyst & Technol, State Key Lab Microsyst & Technol, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Fudan Univ, Surface Phys Lab, Natl Key Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Jiang, XY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Microsyst & Technol, State Key Lab Microsyst & Technol, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Zi, Jian/B-5102-2009 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104202 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500033 ER PT J AU Larkin, IA Stockman, MI Achermann, M Klimov, VI AF Larkin, IA Stockman, MI Achermann, M Klimov, VI TI Dipolar emitters at nanoscale proximity of metal surfaces: Giant enhancement of relaxation in microscopic theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-PHASE-APPROXIMATION; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; PARTICLES; ABSORPTION; MIRROR AB We consider a nanoscale dipolar emitter (quantum dot, atom, fluorescent molecule, or rare-earth ion) in a nanometer proximity to a flat metal surface. There is strong interaction of this emitter with unscreened metal electrons in the surface nanolayer that causes enhanced relaxation due to surface plasmon excitation and Landau damping. To describe these phenomena, we developed analytical theory based on local random-phase approximation. For the system considered, conventional theory based on metal as continuous dielectric fails both qualitatively and quantitatively. Applications of the present theory and related phenomena are discussed. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CPCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM ilarkin@gsu.edu; mstockman@gsu.edu; achermann@lanl.gov; klimov@lanl.gov RI Larkin, Ivan/F-2610-2010; Achermann, Marc/A-1849-2011 OI Larkin, Ivan/0000-0003-4761-3392; Achermann, Marc/0000-0002-3939-9309 NR 24 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 121403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.121403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000015 ER PT J AU Larochelle, S Greven, M AF Larochelle, S Greven, M TI Susceptibilities and spin gaps of weakly coupled spin ladders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG LADDER; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; MODEL; CHAIN; S=1/2 AB We calculate the uniform and staggered susceptibilities of two-chain spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladders using Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the gap extracted from the uniform susceptibility and the saturation value of the staggered susceptibility are independent of the sign of the interchain coupling J(perpendicular to) in the asymptotic limit \J(perpendicular to)\/J-->0. Furthermore, we examine the existence of logarithmic corrections to the linear scaling of the gap with \J(perpendicular to)\. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Larochelle, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 092408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.092408 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800019 ER PT J AU Lee, DH Leinaas, JM AF Lee, DH Leinaas, JM TI Role of interference in millimeter-wave-driven dc transport in a two-dimensional electron gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE STATES AB In this paper we point out that in addition to the density of states modulation, quantum interference between the multi-millimeter-wave-photon processes can cause the dc conductivity modulation observed in recent experiments. We suggest to use two radiation sources with different frequency to test the importance of quantum interference. We also present a general formalism, the linear response theory with a strong harmonic time-dependent driving field, to treat this type of transport problem. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 11 AR 115336 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.115336 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812BC UT WOS:000220814000110 ER PT J AU Mahadevan, P Zunger, A AF Mahadevan, P Zunger, A TI First-principles investigation of the assumptions underlying model-Hamiltonian approaches to ferromagnetism of 3d impurities in III-V semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL IMPURITIES; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; BROKEN-SYMMETRY APPROACH; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; WAVE BASIS-SET; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GALLIUM NITRIDE; CHEMICAL TRENDS; CORE-HOLE AB We use first-principles calculations for transition-metal impurities V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni in GaAs, as well as Cr and Mn in GaN, GaP, and GaSb, to identify the basic features of the electronic structures of these systems. The microscopic details of the hole state such as the symmetry and the orbital character, as well as the nature of the coupling between the hole and the transition-metal impurity, are determined. This could help in the construction of model Hamiltonians to obtain a description of various properties beyond what current first-principles methods are capable of. We find that the introduction of a transition-metal impurity in III-V semiconductor introduces a pair of levels with t(2) symmetry-one localized primarily on the transition-metal atom, referred to as crystal-field resonance (CFR), and the other localized primarily on the neighboring anions, referred to as the dangling bond hybrid (DBH). In addition, a set of nonbonding states with e symmetry, localized on the transition-metal atom, are also introduced. Each of the levels is also spin split. Considering Mn in the host crystal series GaN-->GaP-->GaAs-->GaSb, we find that while in GaN the hole resides in the t(CFR) level deep in the band gap, in GaAs and GaSb it resides in the t(DBH) level located just above the valence-band maximum. Thus, a DBH-CFR level anticrossing exists along this host-crystal series. A similar anticrossing occurs for a fixed host crystal (e.g., GaAs) and changing the 3d impurity along the 3d series: V in GaAs represents a DBH-below-CFR limit, whereas Mn corresponds to the DBH-above-CFR case. Consequently, the identity of the hole-carrying orbital changes. The symmetry (e vs t(2)) and the character (DBH vs CFR), as well as the occupancy of the gap level, determine the magnetic ground state favored by the transition-metal impurity. LDA+U calculations are used to model the effect of pushing the occupied Mn states deeper into the valence band by varying U. We find that this makes the DBH state more hostlike, and at the same time diminishes ferromagnetism. While the spin-splitting of the host valence band in the presence of the impurity has been used to estimate the exchange coupling between the hole and the transition-metal impurity, we show how using this would result in a gross underestimation of the coupling. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 71 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 11 AR 115211 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.115211 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812BC UT WOS:000220814000069 ER PT J AU Martin, I Shnirman, A Tian, L Zoller, P AF Martin, I Shnirman, A Tian, L Zoller, P TI Ground-state cooling of mechanical resonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; TRAPPED IONS; RELAXATION AB We propose an application of a single Cooper pair box (Josephson qubit) for active cooling of nanomechanical resonators. Latest experiments with Josephson qubits demonstrated that long coherence time of the order of microsecond can be achieved in special symmetry points. Here we show that this level of coherence is sufficient to perform an analog of the well known in quantum optics "laser" cooling of a nanomechanical resonator capacitively coupled to the qubit. By applying an ac driving to the qubit or the resonator, resonators with frequency of order 100 MHz and quality factors higher than 10(3) can be efficiently cooled down to their ground state, while lower-frequency resonators can be cooled down to micro-Kelvin temperatures. We also consider an alternative setup where dc-voltage-induced Josephson oscillations play the role of the ac driving and show that cooling is possible in this case as well. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Martin, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tian, Lin/I-3314-2013; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014 OI Tian, Lin/0000-0001-6281-1034; Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505 NR 14 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125339 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125339 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000102 ER PT J AU Matsuura, M Dai, P Kang, HJ Lynn, JW Argyriou, DN Onose, Y Tokura, Y AF Matsuura, M Dai, P Kang, HJ Lynn, JW Argyriou, DN Onose, Y Tokura, Y TI Magnetic-field effect on static antiferromagnetic order above the upper critical field in Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR; SPURIOUS MAGNETISM AB We use neutron scattering to study the effect of a c-axis-aligned magnetic field on superconducting Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 for fields above its upper critical field. We also determine the effect of such a field on the cubic impurity phase (Nd,Ce)(2)O-3. By comparing these data with previous field-induced results on other electron-doped materials, we conclude that while the impurity phase is responsible for scattering at (1/2,0,0), application of a magnetic field does induce a quantum phase transition from the superconducting to an antiferromagnetic state in electron-doped high-T-c superconductors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Japan Sci & Technol, ERATO, Spin Superstruct Project, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. Correlated Electron Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Matsuura, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Onose, Yoshinori/F-1977-2010; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Matsuura, Masato/C-2827-2013 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Matsuura, Masato/0000-0003-4470-0271 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104510 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500082 ER PT J AU Moore, JE Lee, DH AF Moore, JE Lee, DH TI Geometric effects on T-breaking in p+ip and d+id superconducting arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HALL EDGE STATES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; KAGOME ANTIFERROMAGNET; TRIANGULAR LATTICE; FRUSTRATED SYSTEM; QUANTUM; ENTROPY; MODEL; SYMMETRIES; VORTICES AB Superconducting order parameters that change phase around the Fermi surface modify Josephson tunneling behavior, as in the phase-sensitive measurements that confirmed d order in the cuprates. This paper studies Josephson coupling when the individual grains break time-reversal symmetry; the specific cases considered are p+/-ip and d+/-id, which may appear in Sr2RuO4 and NaxCoO2.(H2O)(y), respectively. T-breaking order parameters lead to frustrating phases when not all grains have the same sign of time-reversal symmetry breaking, and the effects of these frustrating phases depend sensitively on geometry for two-dimensional arrays of coupled grains. These systems can show perfect superconducting order with or without macroscopic T-breaking. The honeycomb lattice of superconducting grains has a superconducting phase with no spontaneous breaking of T but instead power-law correlations. The superconducting transition in this case is driven by binding of fractional vortices, and the zero-temperature criticality realizes a generalization of Baxter's three-color model. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moore, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Moore, Joel/O-4959-2016 OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-4294-5761 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104511 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500083 ER PT J AU Perebeinos, V Vogt, T AF Perebeinos, V Vogt, T TI Jahn-Teller transition in TiF3 investigated using density-functional theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; LDA+U METHOD; APPROXIMATION; INTENSITIES; SIMULATIONS; DIFFRACTION; PRESSURE; ELECTRON; ACCURATE; QUANTUM AB We use first-principles density-functional theory to calculate the electronic and magnetic properties of TiF3 using the full-potential-linearized augmented-plane-wave method. The local density approximation (LDA) predicts a fully saturated ferromagnetic metal and finds degenerate energy minima for high- and low-symmetry structures. The experimentally observed Jahn-Teller phase transition at T-c=370 K cannot be driven by the electron-phonon interaction alone, which is usually described accurately by the LDA. Electron correlations beyond the LDA are essential to lift the degeneracy of the singly occupied Ti t(2g) orbital. Although the on-site Coulomb correlations are important, the direction of the t(2g)-level splitting is determined by dipole-dipole interactions. The LDA+U functional predicts an aniferromagnetic insulator with an orbitally ordered ground state. The input parameters U=8.1 eV and J=0.9 eV for the Ti 3d orbital were found by varying the total charge on the TiF62- ion using the molecular NRLMOL code. We estimate the Heisenberg exchange constant for spin 1/2 on a cubic lattice to be approximately 24 K. The symmetry lowering energy in LDA+U is about 900 K per TiF3 formula unit. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Perebeinos, V (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Div Res, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 11 AR 115102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.115102 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812BC UT WOS:000220814000039 ER PT J AU Phillips, MC Wang, HL AF Phillips, MC Wang, HL TI Exciton spin coherence and electromagnetically induced transparency in the transient optical response of GaAs quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITIES; ATOMIC GAS; INVERSION; DRIVEN; LIGHT; FIELD; ABSORPTION; SIGNATURE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB We report experimental studies of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) arising from exciton spin coherence in the transient optical response of GaAs quantum wells. The exciton spin coherence, which is a direct result of Coulomb correlations between excitons with opposite spins, is induced via bound or unbound two-exciton states. Theoretical analyses based on a three-level model illustrate the manifestation of EIT in a transient regime and provide qualitative guidance for understanding the transient behaviors observed in the EIT experiments. Additional studies of the effects of exciton energy renormalization on optical Stark splitting also provide insights on how exciton many-body interactions can lead to unusual time-dependent asymmetric EIT line shapes. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oregon, Oregon Ctr Opt, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Wang, Hailin/A-2362-2011 NR 57 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 11 AR 115337 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.115337 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812BC UT WOS:000220814000111 ER PT J AU Procissi, D Shastri, A Rousochatzakis, I Al Rifai, M Kogerler, P Luban, M Suh, BJ Borsa, F AF Procissi, D Shastri, A Rousochatzakis, I Al Rifai, M Kogerler, P Luban, M Suh, BJ Borsa, F TI Magnetic susceptibility and spin dynamics of a polyoxovanadate cluster: A proton NMR study of a model spin tetramer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; H-1-NMR; RINGS AB We report susceptibility and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements in a polyoxovanadate compound with formula (NHEt)(3)[(V8V4As8O40)-V-IV-As-V(H2O)].H(2)Oequivalent to{V12}. The magnetic properties can be described by considering only the central square of localized V4+ ions and treated by an isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian of four intrinsic spins 1/2 coupled by nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interaction with Jsimilar to17.6 K. In this simplified description the ground state is nonmagnetic with S-T=0. The H-1 NMR linewidth (full width at half maximum) data depend on both the magnetic field and temperature, and are explained by the dipolar interaction between proton nuclei and V4+ ion spins. The behavior of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate T-1(-1) in the temperature range (4.2-300 K) is similar to that of chiT vs T and it does not show any peak at low temperatures contrary to previous observations in antiferromagnetic rings with larger intrinsic spins. The results are explained by using the general features of the Moriya formula and by introducing a single T-independent broadening parameter for the electronic spin system. From the exponential T dependence of T-1(-1) at low T (2.5 KC interactions. A phenomenon corroborated by the results of first-principles calculations, which show a CTiTi hollow as the most stable site for the adsorption of sulfur. The S<---->C interactions determine the type of sulfur species present on the surface. In general, the bond between S and the TiC(001) surface is best described as covalent, with a small degree of ionic character. The deposition of sulfur induces a significant reduction in the Ti density of states near the Fermi level. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Porto, IFIMUP, P-4169 Oporto, Portugal. Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov NR 66 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 11 AR 115414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.115414 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812BC UT WOS:000220814000128 ER PT J AU Rudin, SP Jones, MD Albers, RC AF Rudin, SP Jones, MD Albers, RC TI Thermal stabilization of the hcp phase in titanium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; TIGHT-BINDING; PHONON DISPERSIONS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; FORCE-CONSTANTS; NOBLE-METALS; TI; TRANSITION; COMPRESSION; OMEGA AB We have used a tight-binding model that is fit to first-principles electronic-structure calculations for titanium to calculate quasiharmonic phonons and the Gibbs free energy of the hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) and omega (omega) crystal structures. The hcp phonon dispersion agrees with experiment; the omega phonon dispersion has yet to be measured. The model predicts that the true zero-temperature ground state is the omega structure and that it is the entropy from the thermal population of phonon states which stabilizes the hcp structure at room temperature. We present a completely theoretical prediction of the temperature and pressure dependence of the hcp-omega phase transformation and show that it is in good agreement with experiment. The quasiharmonic approximation fails to adequately treat the bcc phase because the calculated phonons of this structure are not all stable. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Ctr Computat Res, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Rudin, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094117 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094117 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800050 ER PT J AU Schmitt, T Duda, LC Matsubara, M Mattesini, M Klemm, M Augustsson, A Guo, JH Uozumi, T Horn, S Ahuja, R Kotani, A Nordgren, J AF Schmitt, T Duda, LC Matsubara, M Mattesini, M Klemm, M Augustsson, A Guo, JH Uozumi, T Horn, S Ahuja, R Kotani, A Nordgren, J TI Electronic structure studies of V6O13 by soft x-ray emission spectroscopy: Band-like and excitonic vanadium states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; SPECTRA; OXIDES; NAV2O5; PHASE; V2O3; VO2; SCATTERING AB Resonant soft x-ray emission (SXE) spectra of the mixed valence vanadium oxide V6O13 have been recorded for a series of excitation energies across the V L-absorption band. Resonant excitation allows one to distinguish between charge neutral low-energy excitations and continuum-excited, more band-like V 3d valence band states in the spectra. We find that the V L-emission spectra of V6O13 consist of two distinct components that can be assigned to nearly pure V 3d states, and to V 3d states that are strongly hybridized with O 2p states, respectively. Band structure calculations of the density functional theory support the assignment of these features. At threshold excitation the V L-emission spectra of V6O13 show strong signatures from excitonic states, the energy dependence of which shows Raman-like behavior. We compare these spectral features in the resonant SXE spectra with cluster model calculations and assign them to dd excitations and charge-transfer excitations, respectively. Finally, we discuss changes in the V L-absorption and emission spectra that take place when changing the sample temperature from 295 K to 120 K. We relate the changes to redistributions in the V 3d partial density of states, which occur at the transition temperature for the metal-semiconductor-transition T-MST = 150 K and find support in our temperature dependent band structure calculations. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Angstrom Lab, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Osaka Prefecture Univ, Coll Engn, Osaka 5998531, Japan. RP Schmitt, T (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Angstrom Lab, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Thorsten.Schmitt@fysik.uu.se RI Schmitt, Thorsten/A-7025-2010; Mattesini, Maurizio/B-8520-2009 OI Mattesini, Maurizio/0000-0002-7744-8626 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125103 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000029 ER PT J AU Singley, EJ Abo-Bakr, M Basov, DN Feikes, J Guptasarma, P Holldack, K Hubers, HW Kuske, P Martin, MC Peatman, WB Schade, U Wustefeld, G AF Singley, EJ Abo-Bakr, M Basov, DN Feikes, J Guptasarma, P Holldack, K Hubers, HW Kuske, P Martin, MC Peatman, WB Schade, U Wustefeld, G TI Measuring the Josephson plasma resonance in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 using intense coherent THz synchrotron radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONS; STATE; PHASE; POWER AB Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the c axis reflectivity of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 in the sub-THz frequency region. In order to reach this challenging frequency range a synchrotron source has been employed. Working in a special low-momentum compaction mode of operation where the electron bunch shape is significantly shortened and distorted, stable broadband coherent (superradiant) very far-infrared radiation is produced with orders of magnitude more intensity than conventional thermal and synchrotron sources. Using this source for reflectivity measurements we have been able to observe the Josephson plasma resonance (JPR) in optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. Evidence is found for an inhomogenous distribution of superfluid density within the sample. This source allows us to investigate charge dynamics in this extremely anisotropic superconductor, and opens up the possibility to study other highly correlated systems in this critical low-energy region. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Berliner Elektronenspeicherring Gesell Synchrotro, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. Inst Weltraumsensor & Planetenerkundung, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MCMartin@lbl.gov RI Schade, Ulrich/D-9341-2013 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 092512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.092512 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800033 ER PT J AU Stock, C Birgeneau, RJ Wakimoto, S Gardner, JS Chen, W Ye, ZG Shirane, G AF Stock, C Birgeneau, RJ Wakimoto, S Gardner, JS Chen, W Ye, ZG Shirane, G TI Universal static and dynamic properties of the structural transition in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; LEAD-ZINC NIOBATE; LONG-RANGE ORDER; PHASE-TRANSITION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; PEROVSKITES; DIFFRACTION; SYMMETRY AB The relaxors Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PZN) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN) have very similar properties based on the dielectric response around the critical temperature T-c (defined by the structural transition under the application of an electric field). It has been widely believed that these materials are quite different below T-c with the unit cell of PMN remaining cubic while in PZN the low-temperature unit cell is rhombohedral in shape. However, this has been clarified by recent high-energy x-ray studies which have shown that PZN is rhombohedral only in the skin while the shape of the unit cell in the bulk is nearly cubic. In this study we have performed both neutron elastic and inelastic scattering to show that the temperature dependence of both the diffuse and phonon scattering in PZN and PMN are very similar. Both compounds show a nearly identical recovery of the soft optic mode and a broadening of the acoustic mode below T-c. The diffuse scattering in PZN is suggestive of an onset at the high-temperature Burns temperature similar to that in PMN. In contrast to PMN, we observe a broadening of the Bragg peaks in both the longitudinal and transverse directions below T-c. We reconcile this additional broadening, not observed in PMN, in terms of structural inhomogeneity in PZN. Based on the strong similarities between PMN and PZN, we suggest that both materials belong to the same universality class and discuss the relaxor transition in terms of the three-dimensional Heisenberg model with cubic anisotropy in a random field. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. CNR, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013 NR 47 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094104 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800037 ER PT J AU Thompson, JR Kim, HJ Cantoni, C Christen, DK Feenstra, R Verebelyi, DT AF Thompson, JR Kim, HJ Cantoni, C Christen, DK Feenstra, R Verebelyi, DT TI Self-organized current transport through low-angle grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films studied magnetometrically SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; COATED CONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; FLUX; BICRYSTALS; DEPENDENCE; DEPOSITION; RINGS AB The critical current density flowing across low angle grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films has been studied magnetometrically. Films (200 nm thickness) were deposited on SrTiO3 bicrystal substrates containing a single [001] tilt boundary, with angles of 2, 3, 5, and 7 degrees, and the films were patterned into rings. Their magnetic moments were measured in applied magnetic fields up to 30 kOe at temperatures of 5-95 K; current densities of rings with or without grain boundaries were obtained from a modified critical state model. For rings containing 5 and 7 degree boundaries, the magnetic response depends strongly on the field history, which arises in large part from self-field effects acting on the grain boundary. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Thompson, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104509 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500081 ER PT J AU Thompson, JR Ossandon, JG Krusin-Elbaum, L Christen, DK Kim, HJ Song, KJ Sorge, KD Ullmann, JL AF Thompson, JR Ossandon, JG Krusin-Elbaum, L Christen, DK Kim, HJ Song, KJ Sorge, KD Ullmann, JL TI Pinning action of correlated disorder against equilibrium properties of HgBa2Ca2Cu3Ox SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITIES; SPLAYED COLUMNAR DEFECTS; 0.8 GEV PROTONS; REVERSIBLE MAGNETIZATION; ALIGNED YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; FISSION TRACKS; HEAVY-IONS; ENHANCEMENT; CRYSTALS AB We report significant alteration of the equilibrium properties of the superconductor HgBa2Ca2Cu3Ox when correlated disorder in the form of randomly oriented columnar tracks is introduced via induced fission of Hg nuclei. From studies of the equilibrium magnetization M-eq and the persistent current density over a wide range of temperatures, applied magnetic fields, and track densities up to a "matching field" of 3.4 T, we observe that the addition of more columnar tracks acting as pinning centers is progressively offset by reductions in the magnitude of M-eq. Invoking anisotropy-induced "refocusing" of the random track array and incorporating vortex-defect interactions, we find that this corresponds to increase in the London penetration depth lambda; this reduces the vortex line energy and consequently reduces the pinning effectiveness of the tracks. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Talca, Dept Engn Sci, Curico, Chile. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thompson, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104520 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104520 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500092 ER PT J AU Tiago, ML Ismail-Beigi, S Louie, SG AF Tiago, ML Ismail-Beigi, S Louie, SG TI Effect of semicore orbitals on the electronic band gaps of Si, Ge, and GaAs within the GW approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SELF-ENERGY; WAVE METHOD; SEMICONDUCTORS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; POLARIZATION; INSULATORS; STATES; SOLIDS; POINTS; GAS AB We study the effect of semicore states on the self-energy corrections and electronic energy gaps of Si, Ge, and GaAs. Self-energy effects are computed within the GW approach, and electronic states are expanded in a plane-wave basis. For these materials, we generate ab initio pseudopotentials treating as valence states the outermost two shells of atomic orbitals, rather than only the outermost valence shell as in traditional pseudopotential calculations. The resulting direct and indirect energy gaps are compared with experimental measurements and with previous calculations based on pseudopotential and "all-electron" approaches. Our results show that, contrary to recent claims, self-energy effects due to semicore states on the band gaps can be well accounted for in the standard valence-only pseudopotential formalism. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tiago, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/F-2382-2014 OI Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/0000-0002-7331-9624 NR 26 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125212 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125212 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000056 ER PT J AU Velev, J Butler, WH AF Velev, J Butler, WH TI Domain-wall resistance in metal nanocontacts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PERPENDICULAR GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; BALLISTIC MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS AB We present a study of ballistic conductance through Ni, Co, and Fe nanocontacts within a semiempirical tight-binding model. In our model, both spin channels are treated simultaneously, which allows us to simulate a domain wall pinned in the nanocontact. We observe that the interplay of the contact and the domain wall resistance can produce very large giant magnetoresistance ratios. However, at least within our model, very large giant magnatoresistance appears to be limited to geometries in which the nanocontacts are very narrow and have very small aspect ratios. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094425 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800087 ER PT J AU Venezia, VC Pelaz, L Gossmann, HJL Agarwal, A Haynes, TE AF Venezia, VC Pelaz, L Gossmann, HJL Agarwal, A Haynes, TE TI Radiation-enhanced diffusion of Sb and B in silicon during implantation below 400 degrees C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DOPANT DIFFUSION; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; ION-IMPLANTATION; POINT-DEFECTS; SI; TEMPERATURE; ANTIMONY; MECHANISMS; CLUSTERS; EPITAXY AB We have investigated dopant-defect interactions during ion implantation of silicon into silicon by monitoring the radiation-enhanced diffusion (RED) of Sb and B dopant diffusion markers. The RED of these dopant markers has been investigated as a function of implant temperature (25-400degreesC), implant dose (10(14)-10(11) cm(-2)), and implant energy (2 MeV or 40 keV Si ions). Experimental results are interpreted with the aid of atomistic simulations that include detailed defect-defect and dopant-defect interactions. We demonstrate that RED of B and Sb occurs at lower temperatures than previously reported (below 100degreesC and 200degreesC, respectively) and the magnitude of this effect increases with implant temperature and dose. We also demonstrate that RED of these dopants is only measurable within the damage cascades of the implanted ions, i.e., there is no observable long-range diffusion of defects during implantation. Significant differences in dose, temperature, and depth dependence between B and Sb RED occur. Comparison of experimental and simulation results indicates that these differences are due to the diffusion mechanisms of the dopants. Simulations also demonstrate that the formation and dissolution of defect clusters during implantation plays a significant role in the observed temperature and dose dependencies. C1 Philips Res Leuven, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Valladolid, Dept Elect, Valladolid 47011, Spain. Axcelis Technol Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Venezia, VC (reprint author), Philips Res Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM vincent.venezia@philips.com RI Pelaz, Lourdes/M-1766-2014; Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 125215 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.125215 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000059 ER PT J AU Wolf, B Zherlitsyn, S Luthi, B Harrison, N Low, U Pashchenko, V Lang, M Margraf, G Lerner, HW Dahlmann, E Ritter, F Assmus, W Wagner, M AF Wolf, B Zherlitsyn, S Luthi, B Harrison, N Low, U Pashchenko, V Lang, M Margraf, G Lerner, HW Dahlmann, E Ritter, F Assmus, W Wagner, M TI Acoustic and magnetic anomalies near the saturation field of the S=1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain studied on a Cu(II) coordination polymer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IONS AB By means of magnetic measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field, the coordination polymer Cu(II)-2,5-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroxybenzene has been identified as a model system for a homogeneous antiferromagnetic S=1/2 Heisenberg spin chain with a moderate exchange-coupling constant \J\ = 21.5 K/k(B). Measurements of the longitudinal elastic constant in pulsed fields up to 50 T, i.e., across the saturation field gmu(B)B(S)=2\J\, reveal a pronounced acoustic anomaly near B-S at T<\J/k(B). We show that this feature is directly related to the shape of the magnetization curve and thus represents a generic property of a one-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet with finite spin-lattice interaction. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Anorgan Chem, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Wolf, B (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys, FOR 412, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Wagner, Matthias/I-5887-2013; Fachbereich14, Dekanat/C-8553-2015 NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 092403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.092403 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800014 ER PT J AU Wu, LJ Wiesmann, HJ Moodenbaugh, AR Klie, RF Zhu, YM Welch, DO Suenaga, M AF Wu, LJ Wiesmann, HJ Moodenbaugh, AR Klie, RF Zhu, YM Welch, DO Suenaga, M TI Oxidation state and lattice expansion of CeO2-x nanoparticles as a function of particle size SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; GAS CONDENSATION; NANO-PARTICLES; SPECTRA; DEFECTS; LINES; REDOX; RAMAN AB Cerium oxide nanoparticles CeO2-x (similar to3-20 nm in diameter) made by a vapor phase condensation method, have been studied by several methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM): electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), high resolution imaging, and electron diffraction. The white-line ratios M-5/M-4 of the EELS spectra were used to determine the relative amounts of cerium ions Ce3+. and Ce4+ as a function of particle size. The fraction of Ce3+ ions in the particles rapidly increased with decreasing particle size below similar to15 nm in diameter. The particles were completely reduced to CeO1.5 at the diameter of 0.5 mum) films. Otherwise, only broad metamagnetic transistions are observed during magnetic field sweeps. However, for these other films, these "typical" magnetization curves with broad transitions can be converted to steplike curves upon waiting for a period of minutes to hours at fields close to a phenomenologically defined threshold field, H-c. Despite the epitaxial film form, the appearance of this "induction period" does not appear to result as a consequence of substrate-induced strain. We thus present a picture where the ultrasharp steps are an intrinsic feature of the phase segregated manganites PCSMO independent of their polycrystalline, crystalline, or epitaxial film form. The observation of these step transitions, however, depends strongly on extrinsic effects (i.e., measurement protocol) that may indeed express differences based on the bulk or film geometry of the material. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Wu, Tom/A-1158-2012 OI Wu, Tom/0000-0003-0845-4827 NR 25 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 100405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.100405 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500008 ER PT J AU Zaliznyak, IA AF Zaliznyak, IA TI Spiral order induced by distortion in a frustrated square-lattice antiferromagnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VALENCE-BOND STATE; QUANTUM ANTIFERROMAGNETS; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; SPIN SYSTEM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PHASE; MODEL; LA1.6-XND0.4SRXCUO4; LA2CUO4; CHARGE AB In a strongly frustrated square-lattice antiferromagnet with diagonal coupling J('), for alpha=J/(2J('))less than or similar to1, an incommensurate spiral state with propagation vector Q=(pi+/-delta,pi+/-delta) near (pi,pi) competes closely with the Neel collinear antiferromagnetic ground state. For classical Heisenberg spins the energy of the spiral state can be lowered as it adapts to a distortion of the crystal lattice. As a result, a weak superstructural modulation such as exists in doped cuprates might stabilize an incommensurate spiral phase for some range of the parameter alpha close to 1. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Zaliznyak, Igor/E-8532-2014 OI Zaliznyak, Igor/0000-0002-9886-3255 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 092404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.092404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AQ UT WOS:000220812800015 ER PT J AU Zhang, SB Zhang, LX Xu, LF Wang, EG Liu, X Jia, JF Xue, QK AF Zhang, SB Zhang, LX Xu, LF Wang, EG Liu, X Jia, JF Xue, QK TI Spin driving reconstructions on the GaAs(001): Mn surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS(100); MODEL; MN AB The scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiment reveals a 2 X 2 surface reconstruction on GaAs(001):Mn. A comprehensive theory for spin-driven reconstructions is developed by the first-principles methods: Mn incorporation results in two structural motifs to accommodate the spin degree of freedom. Low-energy reconstructions are generally antiferromagnetic to preserve the semiconducting band gaps. The gaps, however, decrease with increasing Mn coverage, leading to metallic surfaces. At one-monolayer coverage, the transition is complete. The calculated STM images agree with experiment. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 12 AR 121308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.121308 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818QG UT WOS:000221259000011 ER PT J AU Zhao, YJ Zunger, A AF Zhao, YJ Zunger, A TI Electronic structure and ferromagnetism of Mn-substituted CuAlS2, CuGaS2, CuInS2, CuGaSe2, and CuGaTe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; TOTAL-ENERGY; FORMALISM; SPACE AB The electronic and magnetic properties of Mn doping at either cation sites in the class of I-III-VI2 chalcopyrites are studied by first-principles calculation. It is found that Mn doping at the III site provides holes and stabilizes the ferromagnetic interaction between neutral Mn defects; the neutral Mn-Cu(0) also stabilizes the ferromagnetism, although it provides electrons to the conduction band, instead of holes. The ferromagnetic stability is generally weaker when the cation or the anion becomes heavier in these chalcopyrites, i.e., along the sequences CuAlS2-->CuGaS2-->CuInS2 and CuGaS2--> CuGaSe2-->CuGaTe2. Interestingly, CuAlO2 in the chalcopyrite structure is predicted to have lower FM energy than CuAlS2 despite its lighter anion and shorter bonds. In general, III site substitution gives stabler ferromagnetism than Cu substitution. Thus, the preferred growth conditions are Cu-rich and III-poor, which maximize Mn-III replacement. In n-type samples, when Mn-III is negatively charged, the antiferromagnetic coupling is preferred. In p-type samples, the ground state of positively charged Mn-Cu(+) is also antiferromagnetism. The main feature of the calculated electronic properties of Mn defect at either Cu or III site is explained using a simple picture of dangling bond hybride and crystal-field resonance. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zhao, Yu-Jun/A-1219-2011; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Zhao, Yu-Jun/0000-0002-6923-1099; NR 29 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 104422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.104422 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812AX UT WOS:000220813500060 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zolin, L AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zolin, L CA PHENIX Collaboration TI High-p(T) charged hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at root(SNN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; P-P-COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; AU-AU COLLISIONS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; ANTIPROTON COLLISIONS; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; INCLUSIVE PROCESSES AB The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured charged hadron yields at midrapidity over a wide range of transverse momenta (0.5v(2)(pi) recently observed in the intermediate transverse momentum region at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. NR 124 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 034908 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.034908 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 808ZO UT WOS:000220607200092 ER PT J AU Julia-Diaz, B Riska, DO Coester, F AF Julia-Diaz, B Riska, DO Coester, F TI Baryon form factors of relativistic constituent-quark models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COINCIDENCE EXPERIMENT; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; ELECTROPRODUCTION; NUCLEON; THRESHOLD; PI; DELTA(1236); RESONANCE; HYDROGEN AB The electromagnetic and axial form factors of the nucleon and its lowest positive parity excitations, the Delta(1232) and the N(1440), are calculated with constituent-quark models that are specified by simple algebraic representations of the mass-operator eigenstates. Poincare covariant current operators are generated by the dynamics from single-quark currents that are covariant under a kinematic subgroup. The dependence of the calculated form factors on the choice of kinematics and on the gross features of the wave functions is illustrated for instant-form, point-form, and front-form kinematics. A simple algebraic form of the orbital ground state wave function, which depends on two parameters, allows a fair description of all the form factors over the empirically accessible range, although with widely different choices of the parameters, which determine the range and shape of the orbital wave function. The neutron electric form factor requires additional features, for instance the presence of mixed-symmetry S-state component with 1-2% probability in the ground state wave function. Instant- and front-form kinematics demand a spatially extended wave function, whereas in point-form kinematics the form factors may be described with a quite compact wave function. C1 Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Julia-Diaz, B (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM Bruno.Julia@helsinki.fi; riska@pcu.helsinki.fi; coester@theory.phy.anl.gov RI Julia-Diaz, Bruno/E-5825-2010 OI Julia-Diaz, Bruno/0000-0002-0145-6734 NR 39 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 035212 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.035212 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 808ZO UT WOS:000220607200106 ER PT J AU Karlgren, D Clark, RM Ragnarsson, I Svensson, CE Ward, D Wyss, R Andreoiu, C Austin, RAE Carpenter, MP Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Kondev, F Lane, GJ Lauritsen, T Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Rodinger, T Rudolph, D Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Steinhardt, T Stephens, FS Thelen, O Vetter, K Waddington, JC AF Karlgren, D Clark, RM Ragnarsson, I Svensson, CE Ward, D Wyss, R Andreoiu, C Austin, RAE Carpenter, MP Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Gorgen, A Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Kondev, F Lane, GJ Lauritsen, T Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Rodinger, T Rudolph, D Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Steinhardt, T Stephens, FS Thelen, O Vetter, K Waddington, JC TI High-angular-momentum structures in Zn-64 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FUSION-EVAPORATION REACTIONS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; GAMMA-RAY; HIGH-SPIN; SUPERDEFORMED BAND; CHANNEL-SELECTION; DECAY; SPECTROSCOPY; COLLECTIVITY; GAMMASPHERE AB High-angular-momentum states in Zn-64 were populated in the Ca-40(Si-28,4p) reaction at a beam energy of 122 MeV. Evaporated, light, charged particles were identified by the Microball, while gamma rays were detected using the Gammasphere array. The main focus of this paper is on two strongly coupled, collective bands. The yrast band, which was previously known, has been linked to lower-lying states establishing the excitation energies and angular momenta of in-band states for the first time. The newly identified excited band decays to the yrast band but firm angular-momentum assignments could not be made. In order to interpret these structures cranked-Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations have been performed. The calculations have been extended to account for the distribution of nucleons within a configuration. The yrast collective band is interpreted as based on the pi(f(7/2))(-1)(p(3/2)f(5/2))(2)(g(9/2))(1)nu(p(3/2)f(5/2))(4)(g(9/2))(2) configuration. There are several possible interpretations of the second band but it is difficult to distinguish between the different possibilities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Inst Technol, KTH, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Lund Inst Technol, Div Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Karlgren, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rudolph, Dirk/D-4259-2009; Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Rudolph, Dirk/0000-0003-1199-3055; Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 034330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.034330 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 808ZO UT WOS:000220607200058 ER PT J AU Keith, CD Chowdhuri, Z Rich, DR Snow, WM Bowman, JD Penttila, SL Smith, DA Leuschner, MB Pomeroy, VR Jones, GL Sharapov, EI AF Keith, CD Chowdhuri, Z Rich, DR Snow, WM Bowman, JD Penttila, SL Smith, DA Leuschner, MB Pomeroy, VR Jones, GL Sharapov, EI TI Neutron cross sections for He-3 at epithermal energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING LENGTHS; DEPENDENCE; DETECTOR; HE3 AB High accuracy, absolute measurements of the neutron total cross section for He-3 are reported for incident neutron energies 0.1-400 eV. The measurements were performed at the LANSCE short-pulse neutron spallation source. Using the previously determined cross section for neutron elastic scattering, 3.367+/-0.019 b, we extract a new value for the energy dependence of the He-3(n,p)He-3 reaction cross section, sigma(np)=(849.77+/-0.14+/-1.02)E-1/2-(1.253+/-0.00+/-(+0.008)(-0.049))b, where the neutron energy is expressed in eV. The first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic. C1 Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RP Keith, CD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM ckeith@jlab.org NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 034005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.034005 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 808ZO UT WOS:000220607200023 ER PT J AU McCormick, K Audit, G Laget, JM Adams, G Ambrozewicz, P Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Berman, BL Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Brooks, WK Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Chen, S Cole, PL Coleman, A Connelly, J Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E DeVita, R Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Eugenio, P Farhi, L Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Gordon, CIO Griffioen, K Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hancock, D Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hyde-Wright, CE Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Juengst, HG Kelley, JH Khandaker, M Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, A Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Langheinrich, J Lawrence, D Li, J Lukashin, K Major, W Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Morand, L Morrow, SA Muccifora, V Mueller, J Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sanzone-Arenhovel, M Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Shafi, A Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, T Smith, LC Sober, DI Spraker, M Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strauch, S Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Witkowski, M Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhao, J Zhou, Z AF McCormick, K Audit, G Laget, JM Adams, G Ambrozewicz, P Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Benmouna, N Berman, BL Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Brooks, WK Burkert, VD Butuceanu, C Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cetina, C Chen, S Cole, PL Coleman, A Connelly, J Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E DeVita, R Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Dzyubak, OP Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Eugenio, P Farhi, L Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Gordon, CIO Griffioen, K Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hakobyan, RS Hancock, D Hardie, J Heddle, D Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hyde-Wright, CE Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Juengst, HG Kelley, JH Khandaker, M Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, A Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Langheinrich, J Lawrence, D Li, J Lukashin, K Major, W Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mehrabyan, S Melone, JJ Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Morand, L Morrow, SA Muccifora, V Mueller, J Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sanzone-Arenhovel, M Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Shafi, A Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, T Smith, LC Sober, DI Spraker, M Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strauch, S Taiuti, M Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Tur, C Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Witkowski, M Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhao, J Zhou, Z CA CLAS Collaboration TI Tensor polarization of the phi meson photoproduced at high t SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE-POTENTIAL APPROACH; BARYON-BARYON SCATTERING; LARGE MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; VECTOR-MESONS; NUCLEON-SCATTERING; CLAS; SYSTEM AB As part of a measurement [E. Anciant , Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4682 (2000)] of the cross section of phi meson photoproduction to high momentum transfer, we measured the polar angular decay distribution of the outgoing K+ in the channel phi-->K+K- in the phi center-of-mass frame (the helicity frame). We find that s-channel helicity conservation (SCHC) holds in the kinematical range where t-channel exchange dominates (up to -tsimilar to2.5 GeV2 for E-gamma=3.6 GeV). Above this momentum, u-channel production of a phi meson dominates and induces a violation of SCHC. The deduced value of the phiNN coupling constant lies in the upper range of previously reported values. C1 Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Roma 3, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP McCormick, K (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Auger, Thierry/L-1073-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015; OI Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013; Bellis, Matthew/0000-0002-6353-6043 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 032203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.032203 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 808ZO UT WOS:000220607200016 ER PT J AU Nonaka, C Muller, B Asakawa, M Bass, SA Fries, RJ AF Nonaka, C Muller, B Asakawa, M Bass, SA Fries, RJ TI Elliptic flow of resonances in relativistic heavy ion collisions: Probing final state interactions and the structure of resonances SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MULTI-QUARK HADRONS; POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; MESONS AB We propose the measurement of the elliptic flow of hadron resonances at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider as a tool to probe the amount of hadronic final state interactions for resonances at intermediate and large transverse momenta. This can be achieved by looking at systematic deviations of the measured flow coefficient v(2) from the scaling law given by the quark recombination formalism. Our method can be generalized to explore the structure of exotic particles, such as the recently found pentaquark Theta(+)(1540). C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Nonaka, C (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. OI Bass, Steffen/0000-0002-9451-0954 NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 031902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.031902 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 808ZO UT WOS:000220607200013 ER PT J AU O'Leary, CD Wadsworth, R Fallon, P Svensson, CE Ragnarsson, I Appelbe, DE Austin, RAE Ball, GC Cameron, JA Carpenter, MP Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Hodgson, DF Janssens, RVF Jenkins, DG Kelsall, NS Lane, GJ Lister, CJ Macchiavelli, AO Sarantites, D Stephens, FS Seweryniak, D Vetter, K Waddington, JC Ward, D AF O'Leary, CD Wadsworth, R Fallon, P Svensson, CE Ragnarsson, I Appelbe, DE Austin, RAE Ball, GC Cameron, JA Carpenter, MP Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Hodgson, DF Janssens, RVF Jenkins, DG Kelsall, NS Lane, GJ Lister, CJ Macchiavelli, AO Sarantites, D Stephens, FS Seweryniak, D Vetter, K Waddington, JC Ward, D TI High-spin study of rotational structures in Br-72 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SIGNATURE INVERSION; BANDS; NUCLEUS; DEFORMATIONS; GAMMASPHERE; TRIAXIALITY; REGION; STATES AB High-spin states in Br-72(35)37 were studied using the Ca-40(Ar-36,3pn) reaction. The existing level scheme has been significantly modified and extended. Evidence has been found for a spin reassignment of -1h to the previously observed negative-parity band, which carries implications for the interpretation of a signature inversion in this structure. One signature of the previously assigned positive-parity band is interpreted as negative parity and has been extended to I-pi=(22(-)) and its signature partner has been observed up to I-pi=(19(-)) for the first time. The remaining positive-parity band has been extended to I-pi=(29(+)). A sequence of states observed to I-pi=(22(+)) may be the signature partner of this structure. Configurations have been assigned to each of these three structures through comparisons to cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. C1 Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Lund Inst Technol, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. CCLRC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM christopher.oleary@physics.org RI Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 034316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.034316 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 808ZO UT WOS:000220607200044 ER PT J AU Smith, JF Medina-Chico, V Chiara, CJ Carpenter, MP Davids, CN Devlin, M Durell, JL Fossan, DB Freeman, SJ Janssens, RVF LaFosse, DR Leddy, MJ Reiter, P Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Starosta, K Wadsworth, R Wilson, AN Wilson, JN AF Smith, JF Medina-Chico, V Chiara, CJ Carpenter, MP Davids, CN Devlin, M Durell, JL Fossan, DB Freeman, SJ Janssens, RVF LaFosse, DR Leddy, MJ Reiter, P Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Starosta, K Wadsworth, R Wilson, AN Wilson, JN TI High-spin spectroscopy and quasiparticle alignments in Ce-124,Ce-125 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT MASS ANALYZER; COINCIDENCE DATA SETS; BA-CE-REGION; NUCLEI; PROTON; BANDS; STATES; DEFORMATION; ISOTOPES; PR-127 AB Rotational bands have been studied to high spins in the neutron-deficient Ce-124,Ce-125 nuclei. The nuclei were populated using the Zn-64(Zn-64,2p2n)Ce-124 and Zn-64(Zn-64,2pn)Ce-125 reactions, with a beam energy of 260 MeV. High-fold gamma-ray coincidence data were collected using the Gammasphere germanium-detector array. The Microball charged-particle detector array was used to provide channel selection. The previously established level structures of both Ce-124,Ce-125 have been extended to high spins (similar to30 (h) over bar). In addition, several new bands have been identified. The alignments of pairs of h(11/2) neutrons and protons are observed in both nuclei. The alignments are compared to the predictions of Woods-Saxon cranked shell model calculations and to the systematics of h(11/2) quasiparticle alignments in neighboring nuclei. The apparent ability of the cranked shell model to explain the h(11/2) neutron alignments in Ce-124,Ce-125 highlights the previously reported discrepancies between experiment and theory for the Ce-128 isotope and, to a lesser extent, Ce-126. C1 Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM john.f.smith@man.ac.uk RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 034339 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.034339 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 808ZO UT WOS:000220607200067 ER PT J AU Zhan, H Nogga, A Barrett, BR Vary, JP Navratil, P AF Zhan, H Nogga, A Barrett, BR Vary, JP Navratil, P TI Extrapolation method for the no-core shell model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEI AB Nuclear many-body calculations are computationally demanding. An estimate of their accuracy is often hampered by the limited amount of computational resources even on present-day supercomputers. We provide an extrapolation method based on perturbation theory, so that the binding energy of a large basis-space calculation can be estimated without diagonalizing the Hamiltonian in this space. The extrapolation method is tested for H-3 and Li-6 nuclei. It will extend our computational abilities significantly and allow for reliable error estimates. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Nogga, Andreas/A-3354-2008 OI Nogga, Andreas/0000-0003-2156-748X NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 AR 034302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.034302 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 808ZO UT WOS:000220607200030 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Friedman, J Furic, I Gallinaro, M Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hou, S Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Issever, C Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jones, M Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lannon, K Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, T Litvintsev, DO Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, R Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napora, R Niell, F Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Okusawa, T Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Poukhov, O Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reichold, A Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Ryan, D Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Sill, A Sinervo, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Snider, FD Snihur, R Spezziga, M Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stefanini, A Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Vaiciulis, T Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worm, S Wu, X Wurthwein, F Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Affolder, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Friedman, J Furic, I Gallinaro, M Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hou, S Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Issever, C Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jones, M Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lannon, K Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, T Litvintsev, DO Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, R Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napora, R Niell, F Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Okusawa, T Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Poukhov, O Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reichold, A Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Ryan, D Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Sill, A Sinervo, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Snider, FD Snihur, R Spezziga, M Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stefanini, A Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Vaiciulis, T Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worm, S Wu, X Wurthwein, F Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Optimized search for single-top-quark production at the Fermilab Tevatron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID W-GLUON FUSION; SILICON VERTEX DETECTOR; COLLIDER DETECTOR; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CROSS-SECTION; CDF; COLLISIONS; QCD AB We use a neural-network technique to search for standard model single-top-quark production in the 106 pb(-1) dataset accumulated by the Collider Detector at Fermilab detector during the 1992-1995 collider run ("run I"). Using a sample of 64 W+1, 2, 3 jets events, we set a 95% confidence level upper limit of 24 pb on the W-gluon and W-* combined single-top cross section. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Rome 1, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; vilar, rocio/P-8480-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; OI Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Lami, Stefano/0000-0001-9492-0147; Toback, David/0000-0003-3457-4144; Farrington, Sinead/0000-0001-5350-9271; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 052003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.052003 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 810US UT WOS:000220729800007 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ Morgan, SE Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Layter, J Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Rozen, Y Verkerke, W Beck, TW Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Erwin, RJ Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Clark, PJ Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Grenier, P Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Biasini, M Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Pioppi, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Won, E Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Vidal, PB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote-Ahern, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Tanaka, HA Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ Morgan, SE Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Layter, J Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Rozen, Y Verkerke, W Beck, TW Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Erwin, RJ Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Clark, PJ Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Grenier, P Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Biasini, M Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Pioppi, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Won, E Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Vidal, PB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote-Ahern, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Tanaka, HA Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of the average phi multiplicity in B meson decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB We present a measurement of the average multiplicity of phi mesons in B-0, (B) over bar (0), and B+/- meson decays. Using 17.6 fb-1 of data taken at the Y(4S) resonance by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e(+)e(-) storage ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, we reconstruct phi mesons in the K+K- decay mode and measure B(B-->phiX)=(3.41+/-0.06+/-0.12)%. This is significantly more precise than any previous measurement. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012 OI Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 1 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 052005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.052005 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 810US UT WOS:000220729800009 ER EF